68 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO LenT. - OKTW13pLOe;1995

MsAi:r'1 roUpIOTtKIje; avanru~'1e; rcapaAlaKIje; Kuvoupia

69 IETtT. - OKTWj3PlOe:;1995 TEXVlKa XpOVlKa

oOAaj3i!oEl KaTaAUTlKa, l15taiTEpa OE I5IE8Ve:; EninEl5o, OTTlV KaTaVOllall Tile; KpiallAlle; KaTOOTaOIle;, OTTlV &1oaywy~ 1000UpWV &pyaAeiwv &Ayxou Tile; aVOnTU~Ile; Kal TAOe; OTTl lSpOIAOAoYIlOIl vewv lSlaX&lpIOTIKWV UnolS&IYIAOTWV nou &~aocpaAil;ouv Til lSlaT~PIlOIl TWV noA(mpwv nopwv TOU nAav~TIl pae;.

Eival nMov j3ej3atO OTI Tl KOIVWvia TTle; anOKaAOUlleVTle; aq>80viae;, EUTlllepiae;, aAM Kal q>TWXElae;, e~a8Aiwone:; Kal EKIlETaAAEUone; av8pwnou ana av8pwno. I5EV Eival 15uvaTov va IlEvel nMov a15laq>oPTlllnPOOTa OTTl oUOTrlllaTIKi! napa~iaoll Tile; aVTOxr;e; TOU OIKOOUOT~paTOe; nou Ilae; nePIj3aAAEI I5EOOIlEVTle; Kal TTle; EYVEVOue; EmOiW~Tle; TTle; KaTavaAwTIKi!e; KOlvwviae; va eneKTeiveTal ouvexwe:;. H EVOEXOlleVTl &~oVTAIlOIl TWV CPUOIKWV nopwv OE oUVOuaollO IlE TTlV &nrKlvlSuvOTIlTa nou napaTTlpeiTal OTTlV eloaywy~ Kal Xpr;OIl Tile; TeXvoAoyiae; o15TlYEi OTTlV avanoq>euKTTl OUYKPOUon KOI unoj3a81llon TTle; naYKoolllae; nPOana8Elae; OlaOWOTle; TTle; navaPXOIae:; a~iae:; TTle; ~wtie; oe o.TI aq>opa TTlV aAATlAEniOpaali TTle; IlE TO nepl~oAAov - Lindsay (1986).

Eival YVWOTO Enione;, OTI Tl TOUPIOTIKi! I5paoTTlPtoTTlTa. TO OuvalllKo q>atVOIlEvO TTle; enoxi!e; Ilae;, txel oup~oAel OlllAaVTIKO OTllv aVanTU~1l apKETwv YEwypaq>lKWV xwpwv. neploxwv Kal KOIVWVIKWV Ta~ewv nOpaAATlAa IlE TIe; apVTlTlKte; emOpaOEIe; nou OUXva npOKOAei e~ alTiae; TTle; KaKi!e; i! aOUVTOVIOTTle; OlaxelplOTlKtie; nOAITIKi!e;, KaTl noM YVWOTO OTflV ElIATlVIKi! npayllaTIKOTTlTO nou eq>opj..lO~ETOl- Komillis (1992) -Ile ouvtnelo va unoj3a8Ili~ETOI 0 8ETlKOe:; pOAOe; nou oq>EiAEI vo OlOOPOj..lOTi~el.

IuvaKoAou8a Tl aU~TloTl TWV lleye8wv nou napaTTlpeiTalOTfl Olap8pwon TOU TOUPlOTIKOU npolOVTOe; (~tiTTlon, OlaKivTlon, npooq>opa) OXI j..IOVO OTO nOYKOOj..110 enineOo, aAAa KOl OTO EninEOo TTle; xwpae; j..Iae;, e~ alTiae; 15laq>opwv napayovTwv onwe; Tl aU~l1on TOU elooOi!1l0TOe;, TOU EAEU8EPOU Xpovou. TWV OUYKOIVWVIWV. TTle; tVTaone; TTle; anaoxoATlone:;, TWV nATlPWj..Itvwv I5loKonwv, allAa KOI TTle; punavone:;, TOU aYXoue; Kal YEVIKOTepa TTle:; unoj309llloTle; TTle; nOIOTTlTae; ~wi!e; KOl TOU neplj3OAAovToe; lOloiTepa OTOUe; aOTIKOUe; xwpoue;, txel15lamOTw8ei ana tpeuVEe; KOI emj3Ej3atw8ei ana naYKOOlllOUe:; oPyavlolloUe; (nOT. EE, OHE) OTI OTTlpi~eTal anOKAElOTIKa OTTlV eAKuOTIKoTIlTa TOU nepl~aAAoVTOe;. AUTO j..Iae; unoxpeWVEI VO naPOUj..IE O,TlptTpa EVl5eiKvuVTal npOKEllltvou va anOq>EUXSOUV Ol apvTlTlKte; ouvtnEIEe;, ana TTlV aVOnTU~1l Tile; TOUpIOTIKr;e; lSpaOTIlPloTIlTae; Kal j..IaAlOTO va npOATlq>SOUV Ol anoOUVSETlKte; TaOele:; nou oyvi~ouv aKOj..lTl Kat TO OUVOAlKO eninEOo Tile; OIKovoj..liae:;.

Me tvov TtTolO Kivl5uvo opaTo Kal Yla Til Xwpo j..Iae;, Tl npoanaSEla lSlacpuAa~lle; TOU n&pl~OAAOVTOe;, nou tAK&I Kal avanTUOO&1 TOV TOUPIOIAO, Oev j..InopEi napa va anon~Aei anoKAelOTIKi! q>povTiOa ouvexi! Kal enij..lOVIl, npOKelj..ltvou va e~aoq>oAIOTei Tl OlapKela Kal 01 SeTIKte; emTtTWOele; ana TTl Oleupuvali TOU. To j3apoe; KaTO. OUVneIO, eVToni~eTal OTTl OlOIlOPq>Won KaTOAATlATle; nOAITIKr;e; lSlaxeiplOIle; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npoi'oVToe;, nou vo lleYIOTonOlel TIe; Wq>tAelee; Kat va eAaXlOTonOlei TIe; apvllTIKee; EmTtTWOete;, KaTl nou 11 j3tWOIj..ITl TOUPIOTlKi! aVaTtTU~Tl Olooq>aAi~EI. Avaj..leoa OTa xpi!ollla.

KaTa Ttl YVWj..Ill Ilae;, epyaAEia OXEOiaOIle; Tile; ~IlTOUllevTle; nOAITtKtie; Yla Ttl xwpa j..Iae;. eivOlll oe vtee; KO- . TEu8uvoele; ava~i!Tllon TWV nOIOTIKWV Kal nOOOTIKWV OTOIXEiwv nou Sa ej..lnAOUTioouv TIlV Ellnelpia (VToma Kal Ole8vi!) KOI SO unoj30TlSi!00uv Til AliljJll anoq>aoeWV.

H ypi!YOPTl avamU~1l TOU TOUPI0110U OTIl Xwpo Ilae; (npoana8ela oUOIaoTIKo 25 Xpovwv) ouVOuaolltVTllle KaiplEe; EAAeiljJele; npoypallllOTIOj..lOU, oxel5laoj..lou KOI oOKllone; eAevx0j..leVTle; OVaTtTU~laKi!e; 15poone;, Ilae; tq>EpE I5UOTUxWe;, nplv ana TTlV OUOloOTIKi! ono~Tlj..liwall TWV npoano8elwv Iloe;, OTO onllEio va Klvl5uveuouIlE aKOIlTl Kal ana yelTovIKOUe; npooptOj..lOUe; VO xoooulle o,Tllle Suoiee; Kal KonoUe; XT[oaIlE IltXPI Twpa.

2. Hlata T"Ie; cptpouoae; IKaVoT"ITae; H emAoyi! TOU stlloTOe; TTle; xwplKi!e; cpepouoae; IKavOTIlTae; Yla TOUpIOTIKr; avanTU~1l (cJ)ITA), eVToooeTal OTTl oUVXPOVIl TOOTl al1eOOTepTle; ellnAoKi!e; TWV epeuVllTWV - Pearce (1989) - Kat OTO Xwpo Tile; TOUpIOTlKi!e; aVOTtTu~Tle:; onou. j..IETO ana Ilia nepioOo 30 eTWV. TO OnOKaAOUj..IeVO q>alVOllevo TOU TOUptOIlOU exet 1511j..IlOUpyi!OEt Ilta oetpo ana npoj3Alil1aTO onwe:; Tl Y&WypacplKrl aVIOOKaTaVOpr; TTle; KOt Tl ouvaKOAou8Tl xwPOXPOVIKr; unepouyKtvTPwOIl TOU TOUPlOTlKOU npolOVTOe;, nou anOtTOUV avaAUon KOTO tvo OUOTllllaTlKO KOI nepteKTlKO Tpono Ka8we; Ot apVIlTIKee; &nrmWoele; TOOO OTO nepl~oAAov TWV TOUptOTIKWV nEploplOIlWV, 000 Kal OTO &nin&lSo IKavonoillOIle; TWV t15iwv TWV TOUptOTWV l5ev 0PYlloav va unEpKoMljJOUV TO onOta 0q>tATl 15TllltOuPYlloe, oUXVCt 1l0Kponp08eolla, 11 TOUPlOTlKi! avoTtTu~ll- KOKKWOTle;, napnoiPTle; (1992),

'ETol eml5lwKeTal ana Ttl Ilta j..Iepto 11 OUllnAtiPWon KOI npoaywyti TTle; onw015nnoTe q>Twxi!e;. j..ItXPt ai)j..Iepa. tpeuvae; Kat Tl KaTaVOTlon TTle; onj..laoiae; TOU TOUPlOTIKOU q>atvOllevou OXt j..IOVO oe oxton Ile TOUe; TOXUTOTOUe; puSj..IOUe; avoTtTU~i!e; TOU OE nOYKoolllo enineOo, aAAo Kal mo ntpa oe oxton Ile TIe; olleoa i! tj..llleOO ollATlAoe~OpTwllevEe; 1l0pq>te; Kat AetTOupyiee:; nou OUVShouv TO OUOTTllla ov8pwnoe; - Xwpoe; - avomU~1l -Vernicos (1985) - KOI ana TTlV aAAlllleptCt 11 anoKoAuljJTl TTle:; oxi:one; nou unoPxel OTa Tpia enin&lSa napaywyr;e; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npo'iOVTOe; -l;r\TI')OI'). lSlaKivl')Oil. npoocpopa - Kat OTIl ouvoKOAou811 oUIlj3oAi! TOUe; OTle; &KcpOVO&Ie; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU cpalvolAeVOU onwe; eival 0 KopeopOe;" Kat Ttl cptpouoa IKavoTIlTa Yla TOUPIOTIKrl avomu~1') - Coccossis, Parpairis (1990), (1992).

H Olaq>alvOj..levll 15laouvl5eoll TOU TptnTUXOU l;r;Tlloll lSlaKivlloll - npoocpopo IlE TO OTolSla TI')e; TOUpIOTIKr;e; &~eAI~Ile; Kal j..Ie TO cpalvopevo TOU Kopeopou 8ewptiSIlKe KaSopIOTIKi! Kal avaYKaia npoOnoSeon ova~nTTlOTle:; TOU nAaloiou TTle; lITA KOI q>UOlKCt anoTtAEoe onj..laVTlKO eq>aATnplO yta TTlV avCtAuon KOI TeKj..IIlP[won TWV nOplOj..lCtTWV Tile; nopOuone; Etai)YTlone;

npo08em 11 aAATlAet;apTTlOTl TOUPIOIAOU Kal n&p.~oA AOVTOe;. Entj3aAe TTl OUOXtTlali TTle; Ile TTlV KPIOlj..lOTTlTa TOU neptj3aMoVTlKOU npoj3Anj..laTOe; oe nOYKOOj..110 eninEl5o, allAa Kal oe TomKO KaSWe; 11 lITA we; epyaAeio I5laxeiplone;, txel Kupla lSlaouvlS&ol') IA& TO n&pl~oAAov

70 TeXVlKa XpOVlKa Iem. OK1'wPptoe;1995

Kal TOUe; noAlITIIIOUe; nopoue; TOU, 1'OUe; onoloue; KaAehOl va npocnaTelll&l, aval5&il;&1 Kal npopoAA&1 KaTO evav aOIPaM Tpono IJEaa ana 1'a opla nou Ba npoal'llopiael Kal 1'OUe; KaVOV&e; nou Ba npoZilaypaljJet Yla va XPIlOlIJOnOlllBouv ana 1'OUe; npWTaYWVIOTee; Tile; TOUpIOTIKIle; avonTul;lle; (1'oupia1'ee;. npaK1'Opee; 1'a~ll'llwv. TOmKO nAllBualJo. opyavlalJOUe; Kal 1'OntKOUe; q>opeie; A~IjJIle; anoq>aaewv) Ka1'a 1'llv nopeia 1'1le; 1'OUplerrlKne; avamu~lle; - Me Elroy (1987).

H napouaa &PIIIlV&ia npoanaBei va Ziwael anaV1'naele; crra mo Ka1'W evl5&IKTIKO epwTllllaTa aV1'AWV1'apo~Et IJla peATIOTIl TOOIl l'luVOIJEVIl va XPl')aIIJOnOll')BEi crrtopwv OljJewv 1'OU 1'OUplerrtKOU q>alvolltvou - pol\, liiallOPlPwOIl npoJovToC;, OTaBla I q>OOCIe; avamul;lle;, &mmwoele;, K.An. - Elval q>avepn. KaBwavi~el \Jla TOOIl aAAIlA&nil5paoqe; TWV OTaTIKwv (neploxte;). l5uvalllKWV (TOUpterrlKn ayopa 1'1le; npoaq>opaITA nou EnlAexBIlKE l3aai~eTal OTT) BEwpia 1'WV auerrTwaTwv npoKelllevou va EnmJxel IJla EaW1'EpIKTJ l'llaauvl'leOl') Kat va EKTlllTJael TIC; lepapXlKO nEplaa01'EpO KpIOlIlEalPIKOU auerrn\JaToJTA aV1'IIlETWni~eTOl aav:

TO OPIO nou aVTavoKAo TIe; ouvlOTcdoce; &VOC; OIPalplKOU oUOTqpaToc; nou oUVTi8&Tal ana nvr& ouxva Pll cu15loKplTa unoouOTl\paTa - OIKOAoYIKO, noAITIOTIKO, KOIVWVIKO I IIIuxoAoYIKo, KTIOIJeVo I ov8pwnoycvcC; -IlE ill aelpa nou avaq>EpOV1'Ot ana Ol')\JaatOAOYIKtl Kal\JOVO anOIjJl').

4. 8wpr)TIKa npooeYYlor)

4.1. EVVOIOAoYIKOc; npoo5loplolJOC;

o EVVOIOAOYIKOC; npoal'lloplaIlOC; Tile; IPcpOUoae; IKOVOTI'1Tae; evoeUK1'a TT) l'llaerraOl') 1'l')V onoia npoal'lil'louv 1'a eil'll') " 1'OU neplpaAAOVTOe; Kal auvaKoAouBa Ol ellq>avlaBeiaEC; npoaeyyiael

IEm. - OKTWl3ploe;1995 TEXVIKa XpOVIKa 71

npoKa8opi0ilEVO TpOnO Ka8we;:

a. npoacpep1 eva nAaiOlo 6Iaxiplal')e:; TWV TXVIKWV, aAAo Kal KOIVWVIKWV mBulJlWv Kal avaVKWV, KCPPO~I TIe:; XWPIKe:;, npoaKalpe:; Kal TOmKEe:; 61aGToale:; TI')e:; cpepouaae:; IKaVOTI')Tae:; Kal

13. npoacpep1 KaTaVOI')OI') TWV noAITIKWV GTOXWV KaBwe:; Kal eva BWPI')TIKO un06IVlJa nou IJnop1 va XPI')OIlJonOII')Bi oav poal') 6IalJoPCPWOI')e:; IJB060Aoviae:; a~loAovl')ol')C; aUVKKpllJevwv emAovwv noAITIKqC;, aMa Kal oav YEVlKEe; Evt5Ei~Ele; TOU npoe; Ta nou mwaiVEl TO aUGTI')IJa - novw q KOTW - Kal OXl avaYKaGTlKa TOU noao noAu Kal nooo lJaKplO, KaTO OUvEnEla, Evae; EntXElPl1olaKOe; npoot5loploIlOe; TI1e; q>Epouoae; lKaVOTI1Tae; 1.lnopEi va ElVal:

H untppaol') TWV aVToxwv evoe; neplpoAAoVTOe;', ae TTOIO paBlJo nou 0 oPvavlalJOc:; TOU 6ev elval O Btal') va unoGTei xwpie:; avenavopBWTI') KaTaaTpocpq, neplRTelee; Kal avemBUIJI')Te:; aaBevelee:;, onwc; TaXUTPI') aacpu~ia, OAOKAl')pWTIKq cpilJWOI') Kal neplpaAAoVTIKq avaTponq.

np008ETa 11 t5laXPOVlKrl t5IEPEUVI1Oll. Entl3El3alwvEl Tl1 8tOll OTII1 YEvlKa anot5EKTr1 plwallJl') I aUToOuVTl1POUIlEvl1 TOUPLGTIKr1 aVamU~l1lllae; nEpIOXr1e; - aElq>oplKti avomu~11 (sustainable tourist development), anatTEi Tllv laopponl') Xpqol') TOlV OlKOAOYlKWV. KOlVOlVlKWV I l\JUXOAOYlKWV. OIKOVOIlIKWV. nOAITIGTIKWV Kal t5oIlIlIlEYOU nEpll3aAAoVToe; nopOlv. H 8EOll aUTti Ilae; napanEllnEl GTOV npoot5loPlollO Tile; ITA oav TO:

MtYlGTO enine60 xpqal')C; TWV neplpaAAovTIKWV nopwv lJe TO onoio 6laacpaAi~eTal I') 61aTIlPll01IJOTilTa Kalil nOloTIlTa TWV nopwv, TI')e; cpqlJlle; TOUC; Kal11 IKavonoiIlall TOU XpqGTIl - emaKtmll, Via tva lJevoAo XPOVIKO opi~vTa.

To EpwTlllla TOU nwe; 8a EntTEUX8EL 0 npoot5loploIlOe; TOU IlEyiGTOU oplaKou Emnet50u (IlE80t50e; Kat TEXVlKEe;) EKTiJ.l.IlOlle; Tile; 1J0pq>qe:;, tVTaollC;, KAilJaKae:; Kal 610pKelae; XPqalle:; TWV nopOlv EntXElpEiTal v' anaVTI18Ei nto KaTOl.

4.2. IUOTrU.JaTIK~ 5ol.loA&ITOUPYIK~ npoo&YY10I1

HEntl3El3atOlIlEVI1 aMIlAEnit5paOll Kat 11 t5laq>atV0J.l.EVI1 t5laouv15EOll nou napaTIlPEiTal avallEoa GTO Tpimuxo ~qTllall - 61aKivilail - npoacpopo Kal OTa oT061a Tile; TOUPIGTIKqC; e~AI~Ile; (pOEe;. KUKAOe; l;Olr)e;. KOpEOIlOe;) Entl3OMelonOle; Entt5IOlX8Ei 11 aval;tiTI1Oll Kat TOlV npoot5l0PIGTIKWV EKEivOlV GTOIXEiOlv Tl1e; ITA nou OXETil;oVTatllE Tl1 t50llrl Kal Tl1 AelTouPVIKIl 6uvapIKq TOU TOUPIGTIKOU KUKAWJ.l.aTOe; - napnatplle; (1992).

'Eva ana Ta mo aVTlnpooOlnEuTlKa napat5eiYllaTa TOlV OUVEnElWV Tile; 601J1Kqc; Kal AelTouPVIKqe:; a6uvalJiac; TOU TOUPIGTIKOU npOiOVTOe; elval 11 unepKoAul\J1l Tile; XwplKqe; Cl>ITA Kalil epq>ovlall TOU cpalvopevou nou anOKaAeiTal KopeapOe;. two l3aolKa aiTta Sa Ilnopouoav v' avaq>Ep8ouv oav nto aVTlnpOOOlnEUTlKa ouGTaTtKa Tile; t5laJ.l.0pq>OlOlle; TOU q>OlvOIlEVOU:

a. 0 ul\JIlAoe; t5EiKTl1e; OUVKVTp(I)OIlC; Tile; ~Tllal')e; ano TIlV anOl\J1l TOU XWPO-XPOVOU, Kat

13. H at5uvaJ.l.ia KaTavolJlle; Tile; ~Tllalle; GTIl t5laoTa

r B

A~-4--~---r--~--

ELK. 1. KUKAoC; (wryC; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npol'ovTOC;.

Oll TOU xwpo-Xpovou.

H l3aolKti unoSEOll TOlV unot5ElYllaTOlv TI1e; TOUPlGTIKr1e; avamuf;lle; Eival OTt TO TouplaTIKO npoiov (nEploxti rl oUYKEKPlllevl1 EYKaTaoTaol1, unl1PEoia) avamuooETal t5laxpovlKa Kat aKOAou8Ei ilia nopeia nou nEpvq ana 5 nepinou aT061a - Coccossis. Parpairis (1992) - Kupla xapaKTIlPlGTlKa TOlV onoiOlv ELval KaTa oElpa 11:

1. avaKaAul\J1l Kal anoYEiOlOll,

2. avamuf;1l - IlEye8uvOll.

3. OlpillavOll - GTaSEponoilloll.

4. KonOlOll KOpEOIlOe;, Kal TeAOe;,

5. napaKlln ti avaveOloll

4.3. nEpIPaAAovTIK~ npoo&YY10I1

Ano Til t5laXPoVIKn SEWPIlOll Kal Til t501l0AElTOUPYlKti npooeYYlOll TOU SellaTOe; Tile; ITA. TO l3aolKo Ilrivulla nou npoeKul\JE OXETlKa IlE TOV npoot5loPlollO TI1e; ELval OTl, KCt8E npoonaSEla Sa npenEI va OUOXETil;El ana TI1 Illa nAEupa TIe; OUOlaGTlKee; enIRTWOIe; TOU TOUPIGTIKOU epalVOlJevou novw GTO neplpciAAov, Kat ana TI1V aMIl nAEUpa TIe; aVTiGTOIXEe; EntmWoEle; TOU it5tou npIPciAAoVTOe; aTO nt8avo TOUPIGTIKO npoepiA.

nEPIBAAAONI ~ FOYP'IT'KO npO+ON

H ef;eTaOll Tile; alJepi6polJlle; auTr)e; axcal')C; Ilae; napanellnEt GTI1V avaYKI1 61pUVllal1e; Tile; ITA GTa nAaiola TOU xwpo-Xpovou, npoEKTillIlOlle; TOlV nt8avwv t5uValllKWV aHaywv TI1e; t5oJ.l.ne; TOU uq>loTallEvou ouGTtillaTOe;: epUall- QvBpwnoe:; - Vernicos (1985), (1991) - GTO nEpaolla TOU Xpovou. npoI3AEl\JI1e; TOlV nt8avwv anOTEAEOllaTOlV Kat TeAIKa aUVKplal')e; TWV m9avwv emnTwawv - Beltram (1991), Costa (1992).

'Eva unot5EIYlla nou anoTunwvEl Tl1 8EIlaTlKti aMIlAEnit5paOll TOUPIOPOU - neplpoAAoVTOC; Kat nou apXlKO XPl1olllonoltiSIlKE, oav EPyaAeio, Yla TI1V avoAuOll TWV OIKOVOIlIKWV - nEpll3aAAOVTIKWV npol3Al1llClTOlV Eivall1 apxri Tile; loopponiae; TI1e; UAIle; (materials balance principle), nou onwe; ELval q>avepo Eq>apllol;eTat Kat OTIlV nEpinTOlOll Tile; TOUplGTIKrie; t5paoTI1PloTI1Tae;

http:t5oJ.l.nehttp:at5uvaJ.l.ia

-------------------------------------------------------------------72 TeXVIKa XpOVtKa Iem. - OKTW/3PIO~1995

(oav OIKOVOl.ltKO UnOoUOltll.la).

LUI.lITA:

a. Opocpte; anolS&KTou &nlntlSou unop08""olle; TaU n&plpaAAoVTOe; Onwc: auTtc; npoolSlopi~oVTal ana TIC; npoTIJI';O&Ie; TaU TomKou nAll8uo... oU.

{3. Opocpie; anOIS&KTOU &nlnilSou unop08",IOIle; TaU n&plpoAAoVTOe; onwe; aUTte; npoolSlopi~ovTal ana TOUe; &nloKtm&e; I ToupiOT&e;.

Ano Tllv npol1YI1Seloa neplAl1mlKti em8ewPl10fl TWV

Ic......_.._.......___......_........__..__....c:a.

Pr

ElK. 2. Matrix nou OUVOUG~el OUaraTlKG eio'1" TOU rrepl~GAAOVTOC; Kal TIC; m6avec; emrrTwoetC; ana T11V aVGmu~'1 TOU TOUP10llOU KaTG Nijkamp (1988).

l3aOIKWV unolS&Iy",chwv Kat ... &801S0AoYIKWv npoo&yyio&wv nou EXOUV IJi:XPI milJEpa avamuxgei oe O,TI a

73 :rEllT. - OKtwl3ploe;1995 TeXVlKa XpOVIKa

I M A M I I A 1: 0 N A MI\w1;

ELK. 3. IUoxeTIOT/ eTTlne~wv cJ>ITA Kal enOXIKOTT/rac;.

oe evo nAeYllo eni llepOUe; epyoAeiwv (lleAe.ee;. epEUVEe;. ()eiKtee;, Kpltr;plO, oPxee;, o~iee; Kovovee; Kat standards) Eivat ()UVOtOV vo npompepel l.llO OAOKAIlpWllevll llaAAov nopa 'tIlIlIlOtIKr; EIKCWO tile; e~eta~oIlEV'1e; ITA.

5. AlanIOTliatu; Meta ono t'1v npo'1Y'1Beioo neplAllllTlKr; BEWPlltlKti KOI ellnelpIKr; npooeYYIOl"J tOU tOUPIOtIKOU q>atvolltYOU KOI el()IKotepO tile; Kpiolll'1e; ()UlOtOor;e; tou, nou oq>opa OtOv npoo()IOPlollo t'1e; cptpouoae; IKavoTqTae; cvoe; TOUPIOTIKOU ITPOOPIOIJOU Yla va iScX8ci xwpie; ITeplpaUOvTlKrl iSlaTapaXrl IJla oUYKeKplIJevq TOUPIOTIKtl avo1TTu~l1, npol3aMetat 11 onoitllOl"J YIO tllV OVO~r;t'10l"J tOU mo npoocpopou lleB060AoYIKou nAatoiou eKtlIlllor;e; tile;

MlO npwt'1610nIOtwOl"J, ono til ()leBvti KOI eAA'1vtKti eITIOKOITqoq Tqe; Cl>ITA, ovoq>epttol OtIC; aITalTtloele; tou ouOttiIlOtOe; tOU tOUPlollOU (~r;t'1Ol"J - 610Kiv'10l"J - npooq>opa) at O.tl oq>opa to yewypacplKo xwpo Ileoa OtOV onolo IllO oUOTqIJaT1Krl IJe90iSoAoYIKrl ITPOOtYYIOq TOU 8tIJaTOe; Tqe; Cl>ITA oq>eiAE:1 vo 610q>oponOleltOI (vllOIWTtKOe;, OOtIKOe;, aypOtIKOC;, opeIVOe;, nopoAI\lVIOe;, nOpaAIOKOe;, Ileooyeloe; K.An.), Otle; IlhalTE:pOTI1T&e; TOU OIKOAoYII~OU ITeplpQUovToc; (OIKOAOYIKOi OXIlIlOTtoIlOI, nOAI'tIOtIKec; neploxee;), OTIlV lepapXIKrl iSlaouviSeoq TWV OIKIOTIKWV Kal TOUPIOTIKWV oUYKevTpwoewv (e~apt'1Ol"J KtVtpOU - neplq>epetOe;, XWptKee; ()Ollte;), Ot'1 XWPIKrl aAAqAeITi6paol1 (uno15eiYlloTo Tof;l15iou, KOtavOllee; TOUPIOTWV OTO xwpo, nUAee; elo06ou - E~O()OU, Ileoo 15loKivTlOl"Je; K.An.), OtO OTo61a TOUpIOTIKrle; ava1TTu~qe; KOI TOV KUKAo ~rle;, OtIC; Tooele; Tqe; q1Tqoqe;, (puBIlOi OU~T1Ol"Je;. xwpo - XPovIKee; KOtOVOllec;, 5uvatotlltEe;, E~EAIKtlKa ev6tOq>epoVTO Kat onoITtioele;). OTIe; 61aXPOVIKO 6lacpopOITOIOUlJevee; (veee;;) 1J0pcpee; TOUPIOIJOU KOI q>UOIKa OtO mo KPIOl\lO iowe; Bella tile; XWPOXPOVIKrle; OUYKtVTpwoqe; (TOupIOtIKee; eA~sle;, 0 nopayoVtOe; T'1e; xpovOOnOOTOOl"Je;, '1 npoom:Aool\loT'1TO, to Ota610 wpillOVOl"Je; TOU TOTtlKOU ouOttiIlOtOe;, '1 npooq>epOilloT'1tO TexvIKtie;, TEXVOAOYlKtie; Kal KOlvWVIKtiC; un060Iltie;) - Coccossis, Parpairis (1994).

MIa iSeurepq iSlaITioTwoq ovoq>epsTol otllv ovaYKIl XPIlOillonoillollC; nov OUYKPlTlKWV oTOIxsiwv Kat nAIlPOq>OPIWV nou OVTAouvTal ono !JeAene; ITeplITTWOewv. H ovaYKIlI.UOe; 6l0XPOVIKr;e; TeKIlIlPiwOIle; ollllOVtlKOU OYKOU nAIlPOq>OPIWV Kat ouveKT[\l'1olle; ASltOUPYIKWV onamioswv TOU ouoTtilloToe; npOKSl\leVou VO npOKUlJlSl a~IOTtlOtIl a~lOAOYIlOIl KOta q>aOIl ((3tilla - (3tiIlO) Kat \le 6UVOT0T'1TO XPIlOIIlOnOIIlOl"Je; nopEIl(3oTIKWV IlllXOVIOIlWV KaTa Til 6laPKEla Tile; 1510I5lKooioe;, 1l0e; 01511yei OtllV ova~titllOIl evoe; uIToiSeiYlJaTOC; KUKAIKOU napa ypa\llllKOU npool5loPIOlloU TOU nAOlO[OU Tile; ITA.

H eITOlJevq iSlaITioTwoq anOTunwvETat OT'1V npo(3A1l1l0tlKti TOU oAoKAqpwlJ&VOU oxeiSlaoTIKOU Kal iSlaxelPIOTIKOU OUOTtllJaTOe; TOU TOUPlOtIKOU npoTOVTOe; Illae; xwplKtie; evoTIlTOe; onou em(3aAAetal 1110 tOUToXPOVll Bswp'1Ol"J TWV TPIWV oUOtaTIKwv TOU ouOtillloToe;. nou elVOI ~UVaIJIKoU, oTaTIKou Kal eITaKoAou8ou xapaKTtlpa KOI KOTa ouvenEla OnatTOUv ilIa ola

74 TeXV1Ka XpOV1Ka Iem. - OKTWPP10~1995

Aeio Ka9ol)tlYIl0ll~ TIl~ TOUP1OTLKtl~ avamul;ll~.

IuvaKOAou9a TO npOTelVOlleVO unol)elYlla J,le806oAOYIKOU nAalCJiou eKTiJ,lllalle; Tile; .,TA aVacpepeTal OTO aUVOAlKO nAalOlo evo~ oAoKAIlPWJ,IVOU axe61aoJ,lou, onou Ka90pli;eTal 11 nopeia TIl~ axe6laOTIKqe; napJ,I(iaolle;, 6101KIlTIKqe; Ka. 6laxelpl0TlKqe; napJ,I(iaolle;, OUlJlJeT0XIKOTIlTae;, eKTilJllOIl TWV enmYCdOeWV Kal Tile; mavaTpocpo6ooiae; TOU OUOTqlJaTOe;.

Emnpoageta, 11 npOTelVO\..levll napelll3aOll npopAeneTal va eival ouvexqe; Kal e~eAi~IJ,l1l etal WOTe v' avtanOKpivetalOTIl auyxpovll \..IOPCPJi tll~ OUYKPOTI1IJVI1e; I (iICdOIIJI1e; - ac.cpopou (sustalnabl.) avomu~e;, OTl~ ll)laITepOtl1te~ TOU K6.ge yewypacplKou xwpou, Ka9w~ Kal OTIl lletapaMollevl1 cpuOIl tOU tplmuxou OlTI1OI1 - 61aKivIl01l - npoocpopo.

Mla emnAeov l)laOTaOll TI1~ npOtaOll~ napelll3aOll~ avacpepeTal OTO XPOVIKO opil;ovTa \..Ieaa OTOV onoio 9a npenel va aVtllleTwnli;eTal 0 oAoKAI1PWJ,lVoe; oxe61aOIJOe;, 11 61axeipl011 Kal 11 emlltpou~ analtl1al1 tou npoal)loplallou tl1~ ITA.

'ETOl 01 aVTIUllJeVlde; GUv8qKee; avomul;l1~ tl1~ tOUplaTlKn~ l)paatl1plotl1ta~ (nopol, unol)o\..ltl, CPtllll1) auvl)uaalltvs~ Ile TO aUYKpltlKO nAeovtKTT]lla (npoanSAaalIlOTT]Ta, cpepouaa IKavOTI1Ta, nsplcpepelaKri l)laauvl)eOll K.An.) elval l)uvaTov \..Ie TT] XPOVIKq KAIJ,lOKWOIl TT]~ napelll3aOll~ (ppaxu, \..Ieao, llaKpOXPOVlO opii;ovTa) va npoKaMaouv Illa 61aocpoAl01l Tile; emBUIJI1Tqe; npoomlKqe; J,le XPOVIKq lJey8uvOI'J TOU KUKAou ~qe;, anocpuyq TWV avemBUlJl1TWV OUYKpouoewv K?I TWV aVTiOTolXWV eVTaoewv onwc; TOU KOpeOJ,lou, aAAa Kal TWV appuBf,llwv Kal TWV AITOUPYIKWV 6uOAITOUPYIWV.

7. Ynopoll91lTIKC pyaAEia lilaxtiplCJIle; TOU un06tiYlJaTOe; 1J9060AoYIKOU nAalCJiou tKTiIJIlCJIle; TI')e; CIIITA

OOToao, avsl;apTT]ta ano TT]v avaYKI1 slaaywYri~ evo~ ~nol)elYllatO~ auvoAlKri~ eKtilll101l~ TT]~ ITA, KaTl nou onw~ CPOVT]Kt OTllv npol1YI1gelaa emaKonnOll l)ev eival llilaitspa SUKOAO, to evl)lacpepov el)w entKeVtpWVetal OTT]v napoualaOll aVaAUTIKa toov KPIOif,lWV napalJTpWV TOU oUOTqf,laTOC; nou aVtlOT01XOUV OTt~ nVT& KaTllyopiee; ncpl(iaAAoVToe;, onou Koge yewypacplKri eVOTIlTa KOtW ano gewPl101l l)la9i:Tel OXl anapaitllTa tOV il)IO l3a9\..1o eUala9I1ala~.

H auoxttlOll tWV uKatl1yoplWV tOU nepll3oAAovTO~ Ile Ta mBavo OT06la Tile; TOupIOTIKqe; avomu~l1e; (nivaKa~ 1) nou 01 neplaaOtepe~ TOUPlOT1Kt~ neploxe~ aKOAou90uv, 9a \..Ia~ enttpttjlel TT] XPovlKq 61ajUl81J101'J TT]~ nape\..ll3aOll~ ae O,tl acpopo til XPIlOlllono!IlOll toov en,"6wv Tile; .'TA, TIlV npooaPlJoyq TWV IJTPWV puBIJIOIle; Tile; .'TA OTl~ ll)laiteps~ analTriaet~ tOU K6.ge OTal)iou Kat TI1V enavaTpocpo6ooia TOU oUOTqlJaTOe; Ka90plO\..lOU tl1~ 4l1TA.

Emnpoageta, 11 ilila auoxi:TIOIl 9a \..Ia~ POll9natl OTO va ,evtomOTei TO ntO KpiolJ,lO OTa6lo tll~ tOUPIOTIKJi~ avamufill~, TOU aUYKeKpllltvou yeooypacplKou xwpou, nou avaYKaOTlKO 9a analTei tllV nA!ov evtovl1 Kat 0lleOll l)poOll nOAltlOTIKri~ gepanela~.

H l)euTePIl aUoxtTlOll TWV KaTllyopIWV TOU nspll3aAAovto~ yivetal Ile tov KuKAO ~';e; TOU TOUPIOTIKOU npoYovToe; TI1~ el;eTai;o\..lSVIl~ neploxJi~. 'Onw~ cpovllKe nl)11 Kal OTI1V 1l)lain:PIl avacpopo OTO unoKecpaAalo nou eYlve npOl1youlleva, 0 l3a9llo~ oopi\..lavOll

75 :rem. COKTWI3PlOC;1995 TeXVlKcl XPOVlKcl

tualc:tOrtrono(1)O'I1

JlCYtU.1l11f9\1W.vroU.oyurit 0\M1OI"fTOno(1)O'l1

\>W; Itl'oo,J.xoo'tuct.:;

apno11'pl.~

,. tRit(ta"" tON

EvaHax'tll(cIJV Iloppcbv

TOOfI\tl}IOU

76 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO rem. - OKiwllploC;1995

"EJL\Ol:"

nEPIBAAAONTOl:

KAJ KATHfOPJAl: nEPIOXON

KOINONIKH 'llYXOAOfIKH

~ITA

nOAITIl:TIKH ~1TA

OIKONOMIKII JITA

77 :rem. - OKTW!3PlO

78 TeXVIKa XPOVIKa I.enT. - OKTWj3PIO~1995

so 40\......-.... !\:..............................+....-I

301__..,.........."'" .... ......r-.... IIwv epwTIl~oTWV nou eiVOl mSavov va npoTaSouv, OXeTIKa ~e TO el;eTO~o~e:VO Sf;~a TIl

----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------79 IenT. - OKTWI3PIO~1995 TeXVIKa XpOVIKa

nxtil11t0floo.l Kn~m; avn1!:nJl!,l\O:

Oxr.llt~ ""I iltIt),1.(p!lOl1. IIdx1T-; ItlJIC,cYUrto.c;. 7Ip6'Ilmn

Kat t1Ia"o.~oq,~"c:.; nxtillUOjIo.; 1(0.' Ihux