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KwcivBU : © 2016 AvBBDwmGb, B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbqb di KbRvi‡fkb Ae †bPvi GÛ †bPvivj wi‡mv‡m©m

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AvBBDwmGb evsjv‡`k Kvw›Uª Awdm

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Aa¨vq 1| f~wgKv .............................................................................................. 51.1| cUf~wg ...................................................................................................... 51.2| Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ .......................................................................... 81.3| mgvRwfwËK Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ....................................................... 91.4| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Y Kx KiYxq ........................................................................ 91.5| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ KiYxq .............................................. 101.6| nvI‡oi Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨i Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ................................................ 10

Aa¨vq 2| mgvRwfwËK CBSMTHP cÖK‡íi cÖfve cwiexÿY ............. 11

2.1| mgvRwfwËK nvI‡oi gvQ cwiexÿY ................................................................. 112.1.1| wb‡`©kK gvQ cÖRvwZ .......................................................................... 112.1.2| gvQ cwiexÿY c×wZ ......................................................................... 112.1.3| wb‡`©kK grm¨ cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig ..................................................... 142.1.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK gv‡Qi bvg I m~Î (D`vniYmn) .......................................... 15

2.2| mgvRwfwËK nvIo wbf©ikxj eb¨cÖvYx cwiexÿY ................................................... 172.2.1| cvwL cwiexÿY .................................................................................. 172.2.2| wb‡`©kK cvwL ................................................................................... 172.2.3| cvwL cwiexÿY c×wZ ......................................................................... 182.2.4| wb‡`©kK cvwL cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig ..................................................... 212.2.5| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK cvwLi aªæeK gvb I m~Î (D`vniYmn) .................................. 21

2.3| DfPi I mixm„c cwiexÿY ............................................................................ 252.3.1| wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c .................................................................... 252.3.2| DfPi I mixm„c cwiexÿY c×wZ .......................................................... 252.3.3| wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig ....................................... 27 2.3.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c Gi aªæeK gvb I m~Î (D`vniYmn) ............... 27

2.4| mgvRwfwËK nvI‡oi Dw™¢` cwiexÿY ................................................................ 302.4.1| wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` ................................................................................. 302.4.2| Dw™¢` cwiexÿY c×wZ ........................................................................ 302.4.3| wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig ..................................................... 322.4.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZi bvg I m~Î (D`vniYmn) ............................... 32

Aa¨vq 3| Dcmsnvi ........................................................................................ 35

Aa¨vq 1| f~wgKv

1.1| cUf~wg

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06 Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY mnvwqKv

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f‚wgKv 07

1.2| Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨

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1.3| mgvRwfwËK Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

GB Kg©m~wP cvj‡bi gva¨‡g GjvKvevmx wb‡RivBÑK. nvI‡oi cÖwZ‡ekMZ Ae¯’v (DbœwZ, AebwZ ev AcwieZ©b) Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;L. Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ae¯’v Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;M. nvIo m¤ú‡ì Ici wbf©ikxj RbM‡Yi Avq e„w× I cÖKí GjvKvq gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z

cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bqv mnR n‡e;N. nvIo-wbf©i eb¨cÖvYxi msL¨v e„w×i Rb¨ Kx Kiv ìKvi Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb;O. cÖKí GjvKvq cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv c×wZi Dbœqb m¤¢e n‡e;

1.4| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Y Kx KiYxq

K. eb¨cÖvYxi Avevm¯’j msiÿ‡Y me ai‡bi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e;L. ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g gv-gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx iÿvi Rb¨ msiwÿZ GjvKv ev AfqvkÖg m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e;M. grm¨ AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e;N. cvwL wkKvi eÜ I wbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e;

f‚wgKv 09

O. wbwe©Pv‡i e¨vO I Awelv³ mvc nZ¨v eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e;P. cvwb-mwnòy MvQ (†hgbÑ wnRj, KiP, eiƒY BZ¨vw`) †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e;Q. Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì mv‡_ mv‡_ me©¯Í‡ii RbMY‡K f~wgKv cvjb

Ki‡Z n‡e;R. mevB‡K m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|

1.5| Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ KiYxq

K. grm¨ Avni‡Yi Z_¨ wbqwgZ msMÖn Kiv;L. wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZi cvwL, mixm„c, DfPi cÖvYx‡ì wePi‡Yi aib Ges Dcw¯’wZi msL¨v I NbZ¡

wbiƒcY;M. wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZi Dw™¢`¸‡jvi Dcw¯’wZi msL¨v I NbZ¡ wbiƒcY;N. nvI‡oi Ae¯’v (MfxiZv I `~lY) ch©‡eÿY;O. Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ici ûgwK I mgm¨v ch©‡eÿY|

1.6| nvI‡oi Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

K. Rxe‰ewP‡Îï eZ©gvb Ae¯’v I mgm¨v mswkøó me Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i nvI‡oi mvwe©K Dbœqb Kiv Avek¨K;

L. nvI‡oi mgm¨v wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖvYxi (gvQ, cvwL, DfPi I mixm„c) Z_¨ msMÖn cÖ‡qvRb;M. nvI‡oi RjR ev¯‘Z‡š¿i fvimvg¨Zv eyS‡Z Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e;N. wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZi gva¨‡g nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖvYxi Z_¨ msMÖn

Avek¨K|


Aa¨vq 2| mgvRwfwËK CBSMTHP cÖK‡íi cÖfve cwiexÿY

CBSMTHP cÖKíwU 2006 mv‡j ïiæ n‡q wZbwU av‡c P‡j| cÖKí PjvKvjxb mg‡q AvBBDwmGb-Gi M‡elKiv nvIo I nvI‡oi cÖvYx m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡ib| nvI‡oi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mgvRwfwËK A‡bK Kvh©µgB P‡j †hgbÑ gv‡Qi AfqvkÖg †`Lv‡kvbv, Am`ycv‡q gvQ aiv eÜ Kiv Ges wbwe©Pv‡i eb¨cÖvYx nZ¨v eÜ Kiv| GLb cÖK‡íi Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡gi cÖfve I Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ae¯’v wbiƒcY Kiv Riæwi| G KvRwU fv‡jvg‡Zv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ c~‡e© msMÖnK„Z Z‡_ï Ici wfwË K‡i wewfbœ `‡ji cÖvYx †_‡K wKQz cÖvYx wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e hv‡ì wb‡`©kK cÖvYx e‡j Ges Gme wb‡`©kK cÖvYxi Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY Kiv mnR n‡e|

2.1| mgvRwfwËK nvI‡oi gvQ cwiexÿY

†gNvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo wgVv cvwbi Rjvf~wg n‡”Q Uvs¸qvi nvIo| nvI‡o †Kv‡bv eo b`xi cÖevn bv _vKvq cvwb A‡bK cwi®‹vi, hv wgVv cvwbi gv‡Qi cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ LyeB DËg| ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g cvwb ïwK‡q hvq; wKš‘ el©vKv‡j wekvj GK Rjivwk‡Z cwiYZ nq| nvI‡oi i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQ hv Avevi nvRv‡iv gvby‡li RxweKvi †hvMvb w`‡q _v‡K| ZvB nvI‡o gvQ cwiexÿY Kiv ìKvi, hvi gva¨‡g eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

2.1.1| wb‡`©kK gvQ cÖRvwZ

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o 134 cÖRvwZi gvQ cvIqv hvq hv evsjv‡`‡k cÖvß †gvU cÖRvwZi cÖvq A‡a©K| GB nvIo n‡”Q wgVv cvwbi gv‡Qi GK AfqviY¨| gvQ mvaviYZ cvwbi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i emevm K‡i †hgbÑ Dc‡ii ¯Íi, ga¨ ¯Íi Ges wb¤œ ¯Íi| grm¨ we‡klÁ I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rjvk‡qi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wKQz gvQ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hviv wZbwU ¯Í‡iB Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges G‡ì wb‡`©kK gvQ ejv nq| wb‡`©kK gvQ¸‡jv cwiexÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Rjvk‡qi wZbwU ¯Í‡ii Ae¯’v †evSv hv‡e| wb‡`©kK gv‡Qi cÖvPzh©Zv, Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZ †mLvbKvi Rjvk‡qi Ae¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i|

2.1.2| gvQ cwiexÿY c×wZ

gvQ cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mgqUv LyeB ̧ iæZ¡c~Y©, KviY eQ‡ii me mgqB gvQ AvniY Kiv nq bv| el©vi cieZx© mg‡q hLb Kv›`v¸‡jv †R‡M D‡V ZLb mvaviYZ gvQ aiv nq| gvQ cwiexÿ‡Yi mgq gvQ Avni‡Yi miÄvg¸‡jvI jÿ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY wewfbœ gv‡Qi Rb¨ miÄvg Avjv`v| G¸‡jvi evB‡i gvQ Avni‡Yi RvqMvi AvqZ‡biI wnmve ivL‡Z n‡e|

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2.1.3| wb‡`©kK grm¨ cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig

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2.1.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK gv‡Qi bvg I m~Î (D`vniYmn)

nvI‡oi Avkcv‡ki KwgDwbwUi m`mïv IUCN-Gi M‡elK‡ì KvQ †_‡K cÖwkÿY wb‡q wb‡RivB KvRwU m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| cÖwZ gv‡m ev grm¨ Avni‡Yi mgq gvQ Avni‡Yi Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i m~Î Øviv wnmve Ki‡Z n‡e| KwgDwbwUi ZË¡veav‡b nvIo †_‡K evwYwR¨K c×wZ‡Z wbw`©ó msL¨K cviwg‡Ui wecix‡Z wba©vwiZ gvQ aivi miÄvg eënv‡ii gva¨‡g AvnwiZ gv‡Qi cwigvY †_‡K Zviv nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v eyS‡Z cvi‡e| gvQ aivi miÄv‡gi †ÿ‡Î GKB miÄv‡gi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i Gi djvdj †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

wnmv‡ei m~Î,

eë¯’vcbvi gvb =

cÖvß djvd‡ji gvb Øviv eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY

eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY(-100%) (-4) Ae¯’v Pig gvÎvq Lvivc A_©vr †iW jvB‡b †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q

(Red line)| †iW jvBb n‡jv nvI‡oi †mB Ae¯’v hv‡Z Rjvk‡q Lv`¨ ¯^íZv Ges cvwb `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y gv‡Qi msL¨v k~‡b¨ (0) †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| A_©vr nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbv G‡Kev‡iB †bB|

-(61-99)% (-3) eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v Lye `ªæZ Lvivc n‡”Q, eë¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e

-(31-60)% (-2) eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v Lvivc n‡”Q

(eZ©gvb †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb-MZ †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb) x 100 %

MZ †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb


eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY-(1-30)% (-1) MZ eQ‡ii †P‡q eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

0% (0) eë¯’vcbvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb

+(1-30)% (+1) eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v MZ eQ‡ii †P‡q fv‡jv

+(31-60)% (+2) eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv Av‡Q

+(61-99)% (+3) eë¯’vcbv LyeB PgrKvi Av‡Q

(100%) (+4) eë¯’vcbv G‡Zv fv‡jv †h, gv‡Qi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡q †M‡Q

D`vniY-1 :awi, eZ©gvb †gŠmy‡g a„Z †gvU iæB gv‡Qi IRb= 400 †KwR I MZ †gŠmy‡g a„Z †gvU iæB gv‡Qi IRb= 300 †KwRAvgiv Rvwb,


= = 33.34%

Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb +(31-60)%| Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e +2| A_©vr nvI‡o eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv Av‡Q|

(eZ©gvb †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb-MZ †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb) x 100 %

MZ †gŠmy‡g a„Z gv‡Qi IRb

(400 - 300) x 100 %300


2.2| mgvRwfwËK nvIo wbf©ikxj eb¨cÖvYx cwiexÿY

nvIo, wej, b`x Ges †h †Kv‡bv Rjvf~wg cvwL, mvc I e¨v‡Oi Dchy³ Avevm¯’j| Rjvf~wg‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖvYxi Dcw¯’wZ H Rjvf~wgi Ae¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i| ZvB Rjvk‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj (†hgbÑ cvwL, mvc I e¨vO) ch©‡eÿY Avek¨K| KviY G¸‡jv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡gB nvI‡oi Ae¯’v †evSv hv‡e Ges Kx KiYxq Zv wVK Kiv mnR n‡e|

2.2.1| cvwL cwiexÿY

Rjvf~wg cvwLi Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wePiY‡ÿÎ| nvI‡o cvwLiv wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvevi (gvQ, †cvKvgvKo Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx) mn‡RB †c‡q _v‡K| wKQz RjPi cvwL nvI‡oB evmv euv‡a Ges wbivc‡` ev”Pv w`‡q _v‡K| nvI‡o ev †h †Kv‡bv Rjvk‡q Lvev‡ii AcÖZzjZv _vK‡j †mLv‡b cvwL‡ì Dcw¯’wZ Kg _v‡K ZvB cvwLiv GKwU nvI‡oi Ab¨Zg wb‡`©kK| Rjvf~wgi msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv eë¯’vcbv `xN©w`b wUwK‡q ivL‡Z cvwL ch©‡eÿY ìKvi| KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb mn‡RB GB KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2.2.2| wb‡`©kK cvwL

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o 219 cÖRvwZi cvwL cvIqv hvq, hv evsjv‡`‡k cÖvß †gvU cÖRvwZi 31.29%| eb¨cÖvYx we‡klÁ I ̄ ’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rjvk‡qi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wKQz cvwL wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q. hv‡ì wb‡`©kK cvwL ejv nq| wb‡`©kK cvwLi cÖvPzh©Zv, Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZ †mLvbKvi Rjvk‡qi Ae¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i| ïay cvwL bq, cvwLi evmvI cwiexÿY K‡i nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSv hv‡e|


2.2.3| cvwL cwiexÿY c×wZ

cvwL cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cvwLi Ges evmvi msL¨v wbiƒcY Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwL¸‡jv nvI‡oi †Kv_vq Lvevi Lvq Ges †Kv_vq wekÖvg †bq Zv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| w`‡bi ïiæ‡Z ev we‡K‡j KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY cvwLiv GB `yBwU mg‡q Lvev‡ii †LuvR K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZ eQ‡i `yBevi cvwL cwiexÿY K‡i Zv wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e| g~jZ kxZKv‡j (wW‡m¤î-gvP©) cwiexÿ‡Yi KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e| KvRwU fv‡jvg‡Zv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq †jvKRb, QvÎ Ges Ab¨ wkwÿZ †jvK‡ì eb¨cÖvYx we‡klÁ‡ì gva¨‡g †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g cvwL‡ì msL¨v Kg‡Q bv evo‡Q †evSv hv‡e Ges Zv‡ì evm¯’vb I cÖRbb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hv‡e|

Kx †`L‡eb ev cwiex¶Y Ki‡eb G‡ì msL¨v I evmvi msL¨v, †Kv_vq ev †Kvb& †Kvb& Mv‡Q Giv evmv K‡i‡Q|

KLb †`L‡eb ev cwiex¶Y Ki‡ebmvaviYZ kx‡Zi mg‡q hLb Lvev‡ii cÖvPzh©Zv _v‡K A_©vr A‡±vei, b‡f¤î, wW‡m¤î, Rvbyqvwi, †deªæqvwi gvP© gv‡m|

wKfv‡e cwiex¶Y Ki‡ebcÖwkwÿZ KwgwDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ †gvUvgywU wkwÿZ I AvMÖnx‡ì Øviv Z_¨ dig c~iY Kivi gva¨‡g|

Kviv cwiex¶Y Ki‡ebcÖwkwÿZ KwgwDwbwUi m`mïv mevB cvjvµ‡g wewfbœ gv‡m G Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡eb|

KZw`b M‡elYv Ki‡eb gv‡m 2 ev 3 w`b|

djvdj wjwce×KiYcÖwkwÿZ KwgwDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡mi ev cÖwZ wZb gv‡mi djvdj wnmve GKÎ Ki‡eb I wjwce× Ki‡eb Ges mfvcwZi gva¨‡g mevB‡K AewnZ Ki‡eb|

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2.2.4| wb‡`©kK cvwL cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig


µwgK bs wb‡`©kK cvwL cÖRvwZ

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2.2.5| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK cvwLi aªæeK gvb I m~Î (D`vniYmn)

wba©vwiZ wb‡`©kK cvwL Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi †h †Kv‡bv RvqMvq _vK‡Z cv‡i, ZvB Rwi‡ci mgq me wejB ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|

µwgK bs wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg aªæeK gvb*

1. cvjv‡mi Kzov CMj 20

2. gi‡Pis f~wZnvum 15000

3. Mqvi 60

4. Kv‡jg 10000

5. cvjv‡mi Kzov CM‡ji evmv 10

* aªæeK gvb: MZ `k eQ‡ii cvwL ïgvixi cÖvß djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwU wb‡`©kK cvwLi GKwU aªæeK gvb †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h msL¨v w`‡q H cÖRvwZwUi me‡P‡q fvj Ae¯’vq wU‡K _vKvi Ae¯’v eySvq|


wnmv‡ei m~Î,



eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY0% 1 Ae¯’v Pig gvÎvq Lvivc A_©vr †iW jvB‡b †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q (Red

line)| †iW jvBb n‡jv nvI‡oi †mB Ae¯’v hv‡Z Rjvk‡q Lv`¨ ¯^íZv, cvwb `~lY, wb‡`©kK cvwLi Lvevi †hgbÑ eo, gvSvwi I †QvU AvKv‡ii gvQ, e‡ov †cvKvgvKo Ges Bu`yi †bB| gv‡b nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbv G‡Kev‡iB †bB|

1%-40% 2 eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v fv‡jv †bB, DbœZ eë¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e

41%-60% 3 Av‡iv eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb

61%-79% 4 eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv i‡q‡Q

80%-100% 5 eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvq Pj‡e

KwgDwbwUi wkwÿZ †jvKRb djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z nvI‡oi Ae¯’v hvPvB Ki‡eb| Ae¯’v †`‡L wb‡R‡ì gv‡S Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b Uvs¸qvi nvIo eë¯’vcbv KwgwU, cÖKí cÖwZwbwa ev eb¨cÖvYx we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© Kx Kvh©Kix eë¯’v †bqv hvq Zv wVK Ki‡eb|

D`vniY 1 :

wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg †gvU msL¨vcvjv‡mi Kzov CMj ïgvwi Z_¨ : 10

djvd‡ji wbY©q : ïgvwi‡Z †gvU 10wU cvjv‡mi Kzov CMj †`Lv †M‡Q|

Avgiv Rvwb, eë¯’vcbvi gvb =

wb‡`©kK cvwLi cÖvß msL¨v x 100 %

aªæeK gvb

wb‡`©kK cvwLi cÖvß msL¨v x 100 % aªæeK gvb

10 x 100 = %20 = 50%


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 41%-60%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 3| A_©vr nvI‡o eo MvQ Ges gvQ DfqB K‡g hv‡”Q, d‡j AviI eë¯’vcbv ìKvi| ïgvwi‡Z 10wU cvjv‡mi Kzov CM‡ji Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 3| hw` cvjv‡mi Kzov CMj 20wU cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb n‡Zv 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| GB Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvB Pj‡e|

D`vniY 2 : cvjv‡mi Kzov CM‡ji evmv ïgvwii gva¨‡g eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY

wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg †gvU evmvi msL¨vcvjv‡mi Kzov CMj ïgvwi Z_¨ : 5

Dc‡ii m~Î g‡Z,eë¯’vcbvi gvb = 50%

Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx eë¯’vcbvi gvb 41%-60%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 3| A_©vr AviI eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| hw` cvjv‡mi Kzov CM‡ji 10wU evmv cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb n‡Zv 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| GB Ae¯’vq nvIo eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvq Pj‡e|

D`vniY 3 :

wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg †gvU msL¨vgi‡Pis f~wZnuvm ïgvwi Z_¨ : 7500


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 41%-60%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 3| A_©vr nvI‡o †QvU RjR Dw™¢`¸‡jv K‡g hv‡”Q Ges AviI eë¯’vcbv ìKvi| ïgvwi‡Z 7 nvRvi cuvPkÕ gi‡Pis f~wZnuv‡mi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 3| hw` gi‡Pis f~wZnuvm 15 nvRvi cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100% hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| GB Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvB Pj‡e|

D`vniY 4 :

wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg †gvU msL¨vMqvi ïgvwi Z_¨ : 40

Dc‡ii m~Î g‡Z,eë¯’vcbvi gvb = 66.66%

5 x 100 = %10

7500 x 100 = %15000

40 x 100 = %60


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 61%-79%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 4| A_©vr nvI‡o eë¯’vcbv †gvUvgywU fv‡jv i‡q‡Q| ïgvwi‡Z 40wU Mqv‡ii Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 4| hw` Mqvi 60wU cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100% n‡Zv, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| GB Ae¯’vq nvIo eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvq Pj‡e|

D`vniY 5 :

wb‡`©kK cvwLi bvg †gvU msL¨vKv‡jg ïgvwi Z_¨ : 7000


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 61%-79%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 4| A_©vr nvI‡o eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv i‡q‡Q| ïgvwi‡Z 7 nvRvi Kv‡j‡gi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 4| hw` Kv‡jg 10 nvRvi cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100% n‡Zv, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| G Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvB Pj‡e|

7000 x 100 = %10000


2.3| DfPi I mixm„c cwiexÿY

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi cÖvq me RvqMvq wewfbœ Rv‡Zi DfPi I mixm„c †`Lv hvq| e¨vO, mvc, wMiwMwU, K”Qc mvaviYZ: G †MvÎ `ywUi AšÍf©y³| G cwiev‡ii wewfbœ cÖRvwZ Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ Rjvk‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| †Kbbv Rjvkq †_‡K Zviv Lvevi I Avkªq †c‡q _v‡K| DfPi cÖvYxi RxebPµ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z Rjvk‡qi f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| Giv DfqB cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ A‡bK ms‡e`bkxj, cwi‡e‡ki †h †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Lye `ªæZ eyS‡Z cv‡i| ZvB nvI‡oi Ae¯’v †evSvi Rb¨ DfPi I mixm„c cwiexÿY ìKvi|

2.3.1| wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o 8 cÖRvwZi DfPi I 24 cÖRvwZi mixm„c cvIqv hvq| Rjvk‡qi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wKQz DfPi I mixm„c wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c ejv nq| GQvovI wKQz mixm„‡ci wkKv‡ii cwigvY Rwic K‡iI nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq| wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c cÖvPzh©Zv, Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZ †mLvbKvi Rjvk‡qi Ae¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i|

2.3.2| DfPi I mixm„c cwiexÿY c×wZ

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2.3.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c Gi aªæeK gvb I m~Î (D`vniYmn)

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi †ÿ‡Î wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZ I gvb

µwgK bs wb‡`©kK DfPi I mixm„c bvg aªæeK gvb*

1. ayg KvwQg 50

2. LmL‡m e¨vO 500

wnmv‡ei m~Î,


* aªæeK gvb: DfPi I mixm„‡ci Dci wbqwgZ Rixc †_‡K cÖvß djvdj we‡kølY K‡i D³ cÖRvwZ `yÕwUi aªæeK gvb wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z H cÖRvwZ¸‡jv me‡P‡q fvj Ae¯’vq Av‡Q e‡j wb‡`©k K‡i|


eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY0% 1 Ae¯’v Pig gvÎvq Lvivc A_©vr †iW jvB‡b †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q (Red

line)| †iW jvBb n‡jv nvI‡oi †mB Ae¯’v hv‡Z Rjvk‡q Lv`¨ ¯^íZv, cvwb `~lY, wb‡`©kK mixm„c ayg KvwQ‡gi Lvevi †hgbÑ †QvU AvKv‡ii gvQ, eo †cvKvgvKo Ges †QvU jZv¸j¥ †bB| gv‡b nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbv G‡Kev‡iB †bB|

wb‡`©kK cvwLi cÖvß msL¨v x 100 %

aªæeK gvb


eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY1%-40% 2 eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v fv‡jv †bB, eë¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e




KwgDwbwUi wkwÿZ †jvKRb djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z nvI‡oi Ae¯’v hvPvB Ki‡eb| Ae¯’v †`‡L wb‡R‡ì gv‡S Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b Uvs¸qvi nvIo eë¯’vcbv KwgwU, cÖKí cÖwZwbwa ev eb¨cÖvYx we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© Kx Kvh©Kix eë¯’v †bqv hvq Zv wVK Ki‡eb|

D`vniY 1 :

wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZi bvg †gvU msL¨vayg KvwQg ïgvwi Z_¨ : 30


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 61%-79%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 4| A_©vr nvI‡o eë¯’vcbv fv‡jv i‡q‡Q| ïgvwi‡Z 30wU ayg KvwQ‡gi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 4| hw` ayg KvwQg 50wU cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100% n‡Zv, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| A_©vr G Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbv Pj‡e †evSv †hZ|

30 x 100 = %50


D`vniY 2 :

wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZi bvg †gvU msL¨v (wkKviK…Z)

LmL‡m e¨vO ïgvwi Z_¨ : 300


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 41%-60%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 3| A_©vr nvI‡o LmL‡m e¨v‡Oi Avevm¯’j ÿwZMÖ¯Í Ges Av‡iv eë¯’vcbv ìKvi| ïgvwi‡Z 300wU LmL‡m e¨v‡Oi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 3| hw` LmL‡m e¨vO 500wU cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| GB Ae¯’vq nvIo eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvq Pj‡e|

300 x 100 = %500


2.4| mgvRwfwËK nvI‡oi Dw™¢` cwiexÿY

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi Dw™¢`Kzj n‡jv G nvIowUi Ab¨Zg cÖavb m¤ú`| cwihvqx nuvm¸‡jv g~jZ: RjR Dw™¢‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i| gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvwYKz‡jiI Ab¨Zg AvkÖq¯’j Gi RjR Dw™¢`| kx‡Z Kv›`v¸‡jv †R‡M DV‡j Gi †fZi Kv‡jgmn nvRviI †QvU cvwL Lvev‡ii Rb¨ AvkÖq †bq| ¯’vbxq †jvKRb R¡vjvwb, Miæ-QvM‡ji Lvevi Ges Nievwo ˆZwii Kv‡R nvI‡oi wewfbœ ai‡bi Dw™¢` eënvi K‡i _v‡K| AwZwi³ Avni‡Yi d‡j A‡bK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZB AvR ûgwKi gy‡L, ZvB nvIo eë¯’vcbvq Dw™¢` GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask Ges eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSvi Rb¨ Dw™¢` cwiexÿY ìKvi|

2.4.1| wb‡`©kK Dw™¢`

Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o 104 cÖRvwZi Dw™¢` cvIqv hvq| nvI‡oi wewfbœ ai‡bi MvQcvjv Av‡Q, †hgbÑ cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z, fvmgvb, Ges fvmgvb-wbgw¾Z wkKohy³ MvQcvjvmn AviI Av‡Q n‡iK iK‡gi ¸j¥, Z…Y Ges eo Dw™¢`| A‡bK gvQ Z…Y‡fvRx nIqvi Kvi‡Y nvI‡oi fvmgvb I wbgw¾Z MvQcvjvi Ici wbf©ikxj| ïay gvQB bv wKQz cvwL Ges mixm„cI Z…Y‡fvRx| Gme Dw™¢`¸‡jv †_‡K wKQz MvQ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` e‡j Ges Zv cwiexÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSv hv‡e|

2.4.2| Dw™¢` cwiexÿY c×wZ

nvI‡o ïay Kv›`v¸‡jv‡Z eo MvQ †hgbÑ wnRj, KiP BZ¨vw` Rb¥vq| wKQz Z…YRvZxq Dw™¢` cvwb‡Z Ges ¸j¥RvZxq Dw™¢` nvI‡oi cv‡o Rb¥vq| ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwUi m`mïv GB cwiexÿY Kg©kvjv cwiPvjbv Ki‡e| eo MvQ †hgbÑ wnRj, †h †Kv‡bv mg‡qB Rwic Kiv hvq; wKš‘ †QvU MvQ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Rwic Ki‡Z n‡e KviY Giv el©vKv‡j †ewkifvMB wbgw¾Z _v‡K| Z‡e fvmgvb Z…YRvZxq Dw™¢` el©vKv‡jI Rwic Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|


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2.4.3| wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ cwiexÿY dig


µwgK bs wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ


†Kv_vq †`‡L‡Qb gšÍe¨ (hw` _v‡K)

1. wnRj

2. bjeb

3. ¸B¾vKuvUv

4. SuvwS

2.4.4| wewfbœ wb‡`©kK Dw™¢` cÖRvwZi bvg I m~Î (D`vniYmn)

Dw™¢` we‡klÁ I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rjvk‡qi eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o cÖvß †gvU 104 cÖRvwZi Dw™¢`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ PviwU wb‡`©kK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

µwgK bs wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì bvg aªæeK gvb*

1. wnRj cÖwZ †n±‡i 3 wU

2. bjeb †gvU Kv›`vi 5 fv‡Mi 1 fvM

3. ¸B¾vKuvUv cÖwZ 10 †n±‡i 1 wU

4. SuvwS 2 x 2 eM©wgUvi RvqMvq 10wU

wnmv‡ei m~Î,


* aªæeK gvb: ewY©Z cÖRvwZ¸‡jvi Dci wbqwgZ Rixc †_‡K cÖvß djvdj we‡kølY K‡i aªæeK gvb wba©viY Kiv

n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z D³ cÖRvwZ¸‡jv me‡P‡q fvj Ae¯’vq Av‡Q e‡j wb‡`©k K‡i|

wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì cÖvß msL¨v x 100 %

aªæeK gvb



eë¯’vcbv gv‡bi cÖvß dj gvb eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒcY0% 1 Ae¯’v Pig gvÎvq Lvivc, A_©vr †iW jvB‡b †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q (Red

line)| †iW jvBb n‡jv nvI‡oi †mB Ae¯’v hv‡Z Rjvk‡q cvwb `~lY Ges AwZgvÎvq Dw™¢` AvniY n‡”Q| gv‡b nvI‡oi eë¯’vcbv G‡Kev‡iB †bB|

1%-40% 2 eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v fv‡jv †bB, eë¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e




KwgDwbwUi wkwÿZ †jvKRb djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z nvI‡oi Ae¯’v hvPvB Ki‡eb| Ae¯’v †`‡L wb‡R‡ì gv‡S Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b Uvs¸qvi nvIo eë¯’vcbv KwgwU, cÖKí cÖwZwbwa ev eb¨cÖvYx we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© Kx Kvh©Kix eë¯’v †bqv hvq Zv wVK Ki‡eb| D`vniY 1 :

wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì bvg †gvU msL¨vwnRj cÖwZ †n±‡i 1wU

djvdj wbY©q :ïgvwi‡Z cÖwZ †n±‡i 1wU wnRj MvQ cvIqv †M‡Q|

Dc‡ii m~Î g‡Z,eë¯’vcbvi gvb = 33.34%

Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 1%-40%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 2| A_©vr wnR‡ji cwigvY K‡g †M‡Q Ges nvI‡o AviI wnRj MvQ †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| ïgvwi‡Z cÖwZ †n±‡i 1wU wnRj Mv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 2| cÖwZ †n±‡i wZbwU MvQ cvIqv †M‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb n‡Zv 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| G Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvB Pj‡e|

D`vniY 2 :

wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì bvg †gvU msL¨vbjeb †gvU Kv›`vi 5 fv‡Mi 1 fvM

djvdj wbY©q :awi, †gvU Kv›`vi cwigvY 500 †n±i, Zvn‡j bjeb _vK‡Z n‡e 100 †n±i| G‡ÿ‡Î 100 †n±i bje‡bi Rb¨ eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| hw` 50 †n±i bjeb _v‡K Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 50%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 3| G‡ÿ‡Î AviI eë¯’vcbvi ìKvi, A_©vr AwZwi³ bjeb AvniY eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|

1 x 100 = %3


D`vniY 3 :

wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì bvg †gvU msL¨v¸B¾vKuvUv cÖwZ 10 †n±‡i 1wU

djvdj wbY©q :nvI‡o cÖwZ 10 †n±‡i 1wU ¸B¾vKuvUv Dw™¢` _vK‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100%, hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| hw` cÖwZ 10 †n±‡i 1wU ¸B¾vKuvUv Dw™¢Ì bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvn‡j nvI‡o eë¯’vcbvi gvb Lvivc A_©vr `~lY †e‡o hv‡”Q| D`vniY 4 :

wb‡`©kK Dw™¢‡ì bvg †gvU msL¨vSuvwS 2 x 2 eM©wgUvi RvqMvq 10wU

djvdj wbY©q :ïgvwi‡Z nvI‡o 2 x 2 eM©wgUvi RvqMvq 5wU SuvwS Dw™¢` cvIqv †M‡Q|


Dc‡ii QK Abyhvqx, eë¯’vcbvi gvb 41%-60%-Gi g‡a¨ n‡j Zvi cÖvß b¤î n‡e 3| A_©vr nvI‡o `~lY †e‡o hv‡”Q d‡j SuvwS K‡g hv‡”Q Ges Av‡iv eë¯’vcbv ìKvi| ïgvwi‡Z 5wU SuvwSi Rb¨ cÖvß b¤î 3| hw` SuvwS 2 x 2 eM©wgUvi RvqMvq 10wU cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j eë¯’vcbvi gvb 100% n‡Zv hvi cÖvß b¤î 5| G Ae¯’vq nvI‡oi eZ©gvb eë¯’vcbvB Pj‡e|

5 x 100 = %10


Aa¨vq 3|Dcmsnvi

cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Avavi Uvs¸qvi nvIo G †`k Z_v c„w_exi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| el©vKv‡j nvI‡oi 54wU we‡ji mgš^‡q Uvs¸qv GK wekvj Rjivwk‡Z cwiYZ nq| †`‡ki wgVvcvwbi gv‡Qi me‡P‡q eo cÖRbb †ÿÎ GB Uvs¸qvi nvIo| kxZKv‡j nvI‡o nvRviI cvwLi mgvMg n‡q _v‡K| GQvovI GLv‡b i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖRvwZi DfPi Ges mixm„c| nvI‡oi me‡P‡q ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡”Q nvI‡oi ebvÂj hv cvwL, DfPi, mixm„c Ges gv‡Qi Rb¨ LyeB ìKvwi| mewg‡j GKwU Av`k© Lv`¨-k„•Lj i‡q‡Q GB nvI‡o, hv gvbemgv‡Ri fv‡jv _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb|

we‡ji Avkcv‡ki cÖvq 88wU MÖv‡gi wewfbœ KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb RxweKvi Rb¨ nvI‡oi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Ici mivmwi wbf©ikxj| `xN©w`b wjR eë¯’vcbvi AvIZvq AcwiKwíZ m¤ú` Avni‡Yi d‡j Gi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Avk¼vRbKfv‡e K‡g hvq| d‡j m¤ú` msiÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vcKfv‡e Abyf~Z nq| me©cÖ_g evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ…©K Uvs¸qvi nvI‡oi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ nvIo eë¯’vcbv cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| G cwiKíbvi AvIZvq mgvRwfwËK eë¯’vcbv c×wZ AbymiY K‡i nvI‡oi m¤ú‡ì Ici gvby‡li wbf©ikxjZv n«vmmn cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY Ges cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v cybiæ×v‡ii Rb¨ mywbw`©ó Kg©m~wP wVK Kiv nq| ÔKwgDwbwU †emW mvm‡UBb¨vej g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ad Uvs¸qvi nvIo cÖ‡R±ÕwU (CBSMTHP) g~jZ ïiæ Kiv nq wjR c×wZ †_‡K m‡i G‡m Uvs¸qvi nvI‡o GKwU Kvh©Kix mn-eë¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖwZôv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| KviY GKwU kw³kvjx mn-eë¯’vcbv c×wZi gva¨‡gB nvI‡oi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` iÿv Kiv m¤¢e|

GB mn-eë¯’vcbv c×wZwU mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| †h †Kv‡bv eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v †evSvi Rb¨ †mme GjvKvq Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Dcw¯’wZ A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Kbbv Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Dcw¯’wZ MYbv K‡i H eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v (DbœwZ I AebwZ) wbiƒcY Kiv hv‡e| eë¯’vcbvi Ae¯’v wbiƒc‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` iÿvq eë¯’vcbvq Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avbv hv‡e Zv wVK Kiv hv‡e|

nvI‡o emevmKvix wewfbœ cÖvYx †hgb gvby‡li Rb¨ DcKvix †Zgwb Zv‡ì wUwK‡q ivL‡ZI gvby‡li m‡PZbZvi cÖ‡qvRb| Rjvk‡qi gvQ Avgiv Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kwi| d‡j Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY nq Ges gvQ wewµ K‡i A‡b‡KB RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i _v‡K| ïay gvQB bq nvI‡oi cvwL, DfPi Ges mixm„cI Avgv‡ì A‡bK DcKvi K‡i _v‡K| cvwLi g‡a¨ wewfbœ eR©¨f‚K cvwL, †hgb wPj I KvK wewfbœ ai‡bi gqjv-AveR©bv †L‡q cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi iv‡L| wewfbœ ai‡bi wkKvwi cvwL, †hgb evR, CMj Ges †cuPv Bu`yi †L‡q dmj iÿv K‡i| km¨f‚K cvwLiv Dw™¢‡ì eske„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| cvwLi g‡Zv e¨vOI wewfbœ ai‡bi ÿwZKi †cvKv †L‡q dmj‡K iÿv K‡i| GKwU Rjvkq‡K euvPv‡Z K”Q‡ci f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| KviY K”Qc Rjvk‡qi fvmgvb I wbgw¾Z me gqjv-AveR©bv †L‡q cvwb cwi®‹vi iv‡L| GB cwi®‹vi cvwb Avevi gv‡Qi cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ ìKvi| †`Lv hv‡”Q me cÖvYx n‡ZB Avgiv DcK„Z nB| ZvB Avgv‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z Rxe‰ewPÎ¨‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Avi GRb¨ GKwU fv‡jv mn-eë¯’vcbvi weKí †bB|

Dcmsnvi 35

uvs¸qvi nvi‡oi rxe‰ewpÎ¨evsjv‡`k mikv‡ii cwi‡ek i eb gš¿yvjq kz©„k cwipvwjz ges...

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