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8/10/2019 Uzbekistan ChinaPh PPT

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Conflict Resolution


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Uzbekistan


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Regional Militancy: Late 1990s to Early 2000s


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Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)

Karimov Government

Origins of IMU

Islamic movement called Adolat ("Justice")

Tohir Yuldosh and Jumaboy Khojiev (later

known as Juma Namangani)


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IMU Timeline

1990 April 1991December

1991

November

1991 to Spring

1992

March 19921997

1998 August 25 1999


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Contacts:

Major raid into Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan

Car bomb attacks

Kidnapping of several officials


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Motives:

1.Territory

2.Trafficking of Narcotics


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Issue of Islamic Extremism in

Uzbekistan

Current Status and External Factors Involved


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May 2005

Troops openedfire in Andijan

Fewer than 190died


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Strong criticism from the West and negative

effect on their relations

Expulsion of US forces

Russia most reliable partner and ally


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2008

Improving ties with the West

Alternative energy sources in Central Asia

Strategies in the anti-Taliban operations

2009

EU eased sanctions (lifting of arms embargo)

World Bank reversed a decision to suspend loans

to Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan criticising plans for a Russian base

in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan


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China and Philippines

Conflict


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Geographical Setting

South China Sea

The south China Sea is a semi enclosed sea

encompassing an area of 3,5000,000 km

surrounded by Southeast Asian countries and

also reach its grasp in some portion of the Pacific

Ocean.


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Stretching from Singapore and the Straight of

Malaca in the Southwest, Straight of Taiwan in

the NorthEast, Borneo sea in the South,

Taiwan, and Vietnam in North, Thailand, and

Malaysia in the West and Philppines on its

Eastern part.


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The South China Sea is Comprised of 250 islands

most of which has no inhabitants. This islands can

be further subdivided into four sub-archipelagos:

Spratley Islands

The Macclesfield Islands

Paracel Islands

Pratas Islands


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Bajo Masinloc

Scarborough Shoal is known by several names.

It is referred to as Bajo de Masinloc or Panatag

Shoal by the Philippines and Huangyan Island

by China. It is located about 124 nautical miles

from the nearest coast of the Philippines and

approximately 472 nautical miles from the

nearest coast of China.


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Strategic Importance and

Economic Resource Potential

The South China Sea is strategically located in themain sea lines between Asia, Middle East and

Europe making it a major international arteryfor maritime trade and transportation wherehalf or maritime trade passes which renderssecure global trade. The region also plays navaland military role in maintaining global Maritimesecurity. Billions of natural gas and oilresources can also be found on the said region.


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Strategic Importance and

Economic Resource Potential

The waters around Bajo de Masinloc are

considered valuable for the fisheries resources

associated with it. Philippine local fishermenfrom the provinces of Zambales, Bataan, and

Pangasinan consider Bajo de Masinloc an

important source of livelihood, with an annualpotential yield of 5,021 metric tons annually.


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China-Philippines Claim over

Maritime Boundaries

Republic Act No. 9522 (2009) A law amending its old

baselines and defining archipelagic baselines in the

Philippines relevant to the Provisions of UNCLOS.

China defined system of straight baselines which

encompasses much of its territorial sea baselines as its

internal waters.

The Philippines claims to 200nm EEZ under the

provisions on UNCLOS.


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Chinas Claim

Historical basis

Historical records far back 200 BC

France-China 1887 Treaty

9-Dashed Line


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9-Dash Line by China


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PhilippinesClaim

Legal basis in reference to the international

law.

Presidential Decree 1596 Proclaiming the

Kalayaan Island Group (KIG)

Historical Basis


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The Contest over territorial Sovereignty on

Scarborough Shoal is part of bigger dispute over

the South China Sea is due to the following

reasons: Number of parties directly and

indirectly involved; Geo-Political and strategic

importance and third its economic resourcepotential.


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Current Status of Conflict

between Philippines and China


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2012

2014

10 January

11 March

30 March

Second Thomas Shoal


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China

The common denominator in all of the South

China Seas existing disputes is China. Beijing

serves as the primary catalyst for tension and

crisis in these disputes. Its declaration of a nine-

dash line claim of sovereignty that covers almost

the entire Sea is stunning in its ambition andboldness.


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External Factors Involved in the

Conflict1 United States of America

The US has repeatedly stated that the

Philippine-claimed territories were not coveredby the Mutual Defence Treaty of 1951 whichties the Philippines to US. The US has

consistently limited its interest with thepreservation of the freedom of navigation andthe mobility of the Seventh fleet.


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Currently, the United States have declared their

neutral stand in the issue of the territorialdisputes between China and the Philippines,

however, if the freedom of navigation in the

South China Sea has been violated andthreatened, that is where the United States

would take action.


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And if China would gain an overall power over

the South China Sea, the US would encounter

problems:1. in terms of their surveillance and reconnaissance

activities

2. the freedom of navigation


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2 UN

In January 2013, Manila said it was takingChina to a UN tribunal under the auspices of

the UN Convention on the Laws of the Sea, to

challenge its claims in the South China Sea..


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Over the years, China has tended to favour

bilateral arrangementsnegotiated behind closed

doors - but other countries want international

mediation. Even if the Philippines is successful

in its attempts to pursue China at a UN tribunal,

however, China would not be obliged to abideby the ruling.


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3 ASEAN Countries

Vietnam, Brunei and Indonesia

Triple Action Plan (TAP)

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