v /; k ; & izFkev /; k ; & izFkev /; k ; & izFkev /; k ; & izFke

iz L rk o ukiz L rk o ukiz L rk o ukiz L rk o uk

Hkk j r ds n qxZe {k s=k sa esa vk t Hk h ,sl s vu sd ek u o lewg g S] t ks g t kj ksa o’ kksZ

l s f o”o d h lH;r k l s n wj viu h l k ekf td ,oa l kaLd `f rd psr u k ,oa ig p ku d ks cu k,

gq,] mu vap yk sa e sa fu o kl d j r s g Sa] t ks l ke kftd lH;r k , oa le kt d h e q[; /kkj k l s

n wj gSaA bUgsa izk ph u l kek ftd , oa vk fFk Zd t hou d k i zfrf uf/k Hkh dgk t k ldr k g SaA

bu e ku o lewgk sa d ks vkfn okl h] vkfn e okl h ,oa t u t kfr t Sls u ke ksa l s l Eck sf/kr fd;k

t kr k gSA

Hkk j r h; l af o/k ku dh i akp oh vu qlwp h e sa ^^vu ql wfp r tut kfr ^^ “kCn d k

mYys[ k f d;k x ;k gSA l aLd `r l kfg R; e sa bUgsa vr k fod vFkk Zr ~ ou okl h ; k f x fjtu Hkh

dg k x ;k g SA

fofo/k t ax yk sa vk Sj fu t Zu {ks= k sa es a fu okl d ju s d s d k j.k ;s t u t kr h;

le qnk; vk t Hkh vf”kf {k r , oa rFk kdfF kr lH;r k l s nwj gSA bud h viu h l kekU;

l aL d `fr gS tks bUg s vU ; lek tksa l s vy x igp k u fn ykr h gSA fofo/k t ax y ksa] i oZr k sa , oa

iB kj ksa esa fu okl d ju s d s d kj.k tu t kr h; le kt esa vU; lek t ksa d h r qyuk esa vu sd

fHk Uu r k, a ik bZ t k r h g SA

bu d k viu k Lor a= /k kfe Zd vf LrRo g S t ks b L yke ,oa oSf n d /keZ l s vy x

fdUr q rkaf =d “k Sookn l s fey r k&t qyr k g SA 19 oh a “k r kCn h d s n kSj ku vu sd t ku t k fr;ka

b l kb Z , oa vk/k qfu d fgUn w /keZ esa “k kfe y g ks xb Z f dUr q ;s x k Sj o d h c kr gS f d bUgksu s

if”pe l aL d `fr d ks b ru s i zpk j&izl kj ds ck n Hkh viu s vfLr o d ks cu k, j[kr s gq,

viu h l aLd `f r d ks Hk h cp k, j[ kk gSA d qN tu t k fr;k a ,sl h g S t ks vkt Hk h vk/kqfu d

le kt d s l aid Z e sa u gha vk i kb Z gSA 20 oha “kr k Cn h d h “kq:vkr e sa fo”kky tu t kr h ; {k s=

x Sj tu t k fr;k sa d s gkF k e sa py k x ;k ft le sa s if j ogu ,oa l ap kj ek/;e ksa esa l q/k kj vk;k A

i zkp hu d ky e sa T;kn kr j tu t kfr ;ksa d h vkfF kZd vk o” ;d r k,a l hfe r Fkh A

;s yksx d `f’ k] f” kd kj vkSj ou ksa e sa i k;s t ku s ok ys m Ri kn ksa i j gh f u HkZj d j r s FksA lap kj

ek /;eksa] iD d h lM+d ksa e sa l q/kkj gksu s ls tu t k r h; {ks= d s yk sx ks d k c kg jh y ksx ks l s

l aid Z c< +k] ok f.kf T;d j kT; e kx ksZ d s f u ekZ. k u dn h Qly ksa d s d k j.k x Sj tu t kr h;

yk sx ks d k /;k u bu fjek sV {ks= ksa d h vksj x; kA

o’ kZ 1970 rd og ka jgus ok ys x Sj tu t kr h; d s n qd k un kj vu sd

tu t k rh; x kao d s vk d’ kZ.k cu x ,A p wafd n qd ku nk j mUgs Åap s C ;kt ij l k eku m/kkj

n sr s Fks] b lf y, vu sd tu t k fr ds y ksx dt Z l s f? kj x , vkSj viu h Hk wfe rd f x j oh

j[ k n hA viu h ewy Hk wr vk o”;d r k vk sa d h i wf r Z d s fy , tu t kr h ; yksx k sa d h c kt kj

fu Hk Zj rk c< + x b Z vkSj mu ij _ .k Hk kj c< +r k x ;k A

;g {k s= vkt Hk h lf n ;ksa i w oZ d h r jg O; kik fj;k sa] O; ol k f;;k sa] v Ql j k sa vk Sj

B sd sn k j ksa d s l gt vkd" kZ.k ds d sUn z cu s gq;s cu s g q, g Sa] D;k safd ;g ka y kHk de ku s d h

vifj fer l aHkkou k, a o vol j g SA b l d kj.k bu {ks= ksa e sa d ke d j u s ok ys vf /kd ka'k yksx k sa

d k ;gka l s d ksb Z l kaLd `frd vk Sj l kek ftd yx ko u gha g ksu k gSA njvly bu {k s= ksa e sa

fod kl d k;ksZ d k s dHkh , sl h fn 'k k u gha fey ik bZ] t ks ;g ka d s ewy fu ok fl ;ksa d h vi s{kk vk sa

o tu Hkkou kvksa d s vu q:Ik jgh gksA fof HkUu d ky [ k. Mk sa esa ewy f u ok fl ; ksa } kj k bl d s

fo:) vk d zks”k vf HkO;D r fd;k t kr k jg k gSA bl d kj.k tu t kr h; {ks= k sa d s fy ;s

ft r u h ;kstu k ,a i zk jaHk gqb Z] mu esa l s vf /kd k a'k vY i le; e sa g h fle V dj jg x b ZA

b ld k ifj.kk e ;g fud yk] f d d kx t ksa esa r ks tu t kf r;ksa d k [ k wc fod kl g qvk] ysfdu

okLrfod r k d s /k j kry i j tu t kf r;ka fod kl d h eq[; /kkj k l s dV h jg x b ZA ge

l k ewfg d t hou Lr j d s mUu ;u d s Hk ys gh n kok dj sa] f dUr q L or a= r k ds i woZ vk Sj

Lor a= r k d s c kn d k vl yh lp ;gh gS] fd vkt Hkh n s'k d h tu t kfr;ka f u /kZu g h u g ha]

mRih fMr o 'kksf " kr g SaA

Hkk j r esa tu t kf r l ekt vU; k; vkSj mRi h M+u d ks y sd j O;oLF kk d s

f[ kyk Q l a? k" kZj r jg h gSaA iz'kk lf u d vu ns[ kh vk Sj l kekftd vo/kkj .kkvksa d s d kj.k

tu t k fr l ekt ,d y Ec s l e; l s viu s fod k l vkSj l ek t d s mRFk ku d h fn 'k k e sa

gk su s oky s i z;kl k sa l s v yx &Fky x jg hA , sl k u g ha] fd bu d s f od k l d k s n `f "Vx r j[ kr s

gq; s d ke u fd;s x ;s g ks vFkok l jd kjh e'kh u j h vkSj f of Hk Uu l kekf td laL Fkk vksa u s

veyh t kek u ig u k;k gks] ysf du iz; kl ksa esa l k FkZd r k d s vHk ko d s d kj.k tu t krh ; {k s=

fod kl ghu rk] 'k ks" k .k vk Sj vu kp kj ds 'kk' or V kiw cu s jgs gSaA tu t kr h; {ks= k sa d h

l kaLd `frd] l kekftd vkSj l ke kftd vfL er k t Sl s y qHk kou s u k j ksa d s u ke ij bu {ks= k sa

d h Hkji wj mi s {k k gqb ZA vkt kn h d s igys Hkh ; gh n `'; F kk vkSj L or a= r k d h v)Z'kr kCnh

c hr t ku s d s ck n Hkh b u {ks= ksa d s g ky kr ksa e sa d ksb Z ewy l q/kkj ifjy f{kr u g ha g ksr kA

fod kl d h t ks j k s'ku h mu r d ig qaph ] og cgqr de gh g S] mld k mt kyk

d ksb Z vkSj p qj k ys x ;k gSA vax zst l jdk j us v iu s LokFk ksZa d s d k j.k bu tu t kfr;ksa d ks

vU; l eqn k; l s vyx j[ kkA os u gh a pk gr s Fk s] fd ;s tu t kf r;ka vU; l eqn k;ksa es a ? kqy

fe y t k; sA bu d h j k"V ªh; vkan ksy u ksa e sa lg Hkkf xr k u g ks] bl gsr q mUgksau s viu s LokFk Z

fl f) d s fy ;s tu t kr h; {ks= k sa d ks fu f" k ) {ks= ? kk sf" kr d j f n ;kA ;gka os gh yksx vk

ld r s Fks] t ks bZl kb Z fe'k u fj;ksa l s r kYy qd j [ kr s F ksA vax zst h g qd qer d h t h &g qtwj h dju s

okys Hkk j r h; l sB &l kgqd kj ksa u s Hkh c kn e sa b u fu f" k) {ks= k sa esa i zo s” k d j viu s&viu s

r j h dksa l s bu tu t kfr;ksa d ks v iu s yqHk kou h t k yksa esa my> k ;kA mUg sa viu R o d k

vkHkkl d j kr s gq, Lor a= r k vk an ksy u esa Hkh L Fk kuh; u sr kvksa u s bUgsa viu s l k Fk j[ ku k

mfp r u gha le> kA b l misf {kr O ;og kj l s {kqC/k t u t kfr ;ka vU; l ekt l s dV r h pyh

x b ZA mu d ks ;g vkHkkl gks x ;k ] fd mu d h t: j r d soy R;kSgk j ksa vFkok 'k kld h ; iokasZ]

vk;kstu vk fn d s n kSj ku izn ”k Zu r d g h g SA vk f[ k j ;s tu t k fr;ka dc rd viek u]

mis {kk cn k Z'r dj ikr h \ b l vieku mi s{kk u s mUgsa ,dt qV gks vkan ksy u d ju s vk Sj

'kk s" k.k d s f[ kyk Q vkokt mB kus d h izsj.k k n hA i zsj.k k tc 'kfD r esa if j of r Zr gks t krh

gS] rks vkd zk s'k d k tUe gksr k gSA vkt k n h d s i woZ ;g h vk d zks'k f HkUu &fH kUu i zkUrk sa esa fHkUu

:Ik esa f on zk sg ds Tokyk eqf[ k;ksa d s r kSj ij QVs , oa bu d s f[ kyk Q Hk h yke can gq;sA ;g

fon zksg laF kky f on zk sg] eq.Mk f on zksg] Hk wed ky fon zksg ] fe t ks fon zksg d s u ke l s d kQh pf pZr

jg sA vyx & vyx i zkUr ksa d h tu t kfr;ksa u s 'kk s" k.k l s y M+u s d s fofHk Uu :Ik vf [r;kj

fd;sA vf[ r;kj d j sa Hk h D ;ksa u ] d kSu l k ox Z gS] t ks viu h vf Le r k d ks cp k ;s u gh a

j[ ku k p kg rkA vfLe r k d h bl h fp ar k l s l ewp h tu t k fr;ksa e sa mx zr k d k Hk ko Hk j kA

e/;izn s' k d s fo Hkktu d s i w oZ N Rr hl x< + ds vkf n ok l h c kg qY; {k s= fod k l dh

n `f"V ls fu j ar j mi s{k k d k f'k d kj cu s jg sA vf 'k {kk , oa x j hc h d s d kj.k tu t kr h;

le qnk; dbZ r jg d s ' kks" k.k d k f 'kd kj gk sr s jgk A u ;s ou d k u wu ksa u s vkfn okf l;ksa d s

t ax y ij vf/k d kj d k s vk Sj l h fer d j fn ;kA b l f LFk fr e sa if j or Zu rc vk ;k] tc

l k r osa n ' kd esa c ax k y l s vk;s foLFk kfi r ksa d s i qu okZl ds fy, ;gk a t ax y ksa d h cM+s i Sek u s

i j dV kbZ d h x b ZA ;g dV kb Z gh ,d r jg ls b l {k s= esa u Dl yh c ht d h c qvkb Z Fkh A

vkfn okf l;ksa u s cM +h gSjr d s l kF k n s[ k k] fd mUgsa r ks isM + d kV u s l s j ksd k t k r k gS vkSj

mUgh a d h vka[ kksa d s l ke u s ck gj l s vk, yk sx ksa d h cl kgV ds f y, [ k qysvke t ax y d kV s

t k j gs g Sa] b l l s mUg ksau s v iu s ? kj e sa gh [ kqn d ks c sxk u k e gl wl d ju k 'kq: d j f n ;kA

or Ze ku esa o" kZ 2001 d h tu x . ku k ds vu ql k j Hkkj r dh d qy tu la[ ;k e sa

vu ql wfp r tu t kfr;ksa d s y ksx d j h c 8 d jk sM+ 7 y k[ k g S ft lesa l s 4 d j ksM+ 27 y k[ k

i q:" k ,oa 4 dj ksM+ 7 y k[ k e fgy k,a g SA ; g tu la[ ;k Hkkj r d h d qy tu la[ ;k d k 8 -2

i zfr'kr gSA 1111

fof HkUu j kT;ksa esa vu ql wfp r tu tkf r;ksa d s mR F kku gsr q vkfn okl h fod kl f oHkk x

d s ek /;e l s f ofHkUu dY ;k.kd k j h ;kstu kvksa d k fØ;k Uo;u f d;k t k jg k g S f tle sa

f'k {k k f o’ k ;d ;kst u k,a ize q[ k gSA b lds v yk ok N k= o`fRr;ksa d k for j.k] jk gr , oa

l k ewfg d fookg ; kstu k , oa L oj kstx kj gsr q vkfn okl h foRr , oa f od kl f u xe d s ek/;e

l s vkf FkZd f od k l d h fof HkUu ;k stu kvksa d k f Ø ;kUo;u fd;k t k jg k gSA

f o'o d s d qy vkf n ok l h tu la[;k d k l cl s cM+k f gLl k Hkk j r esa g h gSA

vkfn okl h i zd`fr d h l ar ku gS vkSj mu dh t hou 'kSy h] i; kZoj. k i z.kk yh] vyx & vy x

LF kku ksa ij vyx &vyx g SA vkf n ok fl; ksa d h fofHk Uu r k Hkh ; gka i j fey r h g S] ;| fi

vkfn okl h n s'k d s Hk kSx ksfy d {ks= d s d so y 15 i zfr'k r {ks= esa gh fuokl d jr s g SaA ns'k

d s mÙ k j h&iwohZ vkSj e/; Hkk x ksa e sa vk fn okfl ;ksa d k fu okl gSA gfj ;k.k k] iat k c p aMhx < +

vkSj fn Yy h d ks N ksM+d j vU; l Hkh j k T; ksa esa vkSj la? kh; {ks= k sa e sa os v iu h mifLF kfr

n 'k kZrs g SaA

vQzhd k e gk} h i d ks N ksM+d j f o”o e sa l okZf/k d tu t kfr ;ka Hkkj r esa fu okl

d j r h g SA vkf n okl h i zd `fr dh lar k us gSa vkSj mu d h t h ou 'kSf y;kW i zd `fr ,oa i;kZoj.k

i j vk/kk fj r gSA Hkkj r d h tu t kfr;ka i;kZoj.k h; & i z.kkf y;ksa d h fo fHkUu r k d ks izLr qr

d j r h gSA vkfn okl h tu l a[;k n s'k d s f ofHk Uu Hkkx k sa esa fu okl d j r h g SA

Hkk j r d s l afo/k ku esa vu qP Nsn 46 esa fu /kk Zfjr fd;k x ;k g S f d j k T;

det k sj yksax k sa , oa f iN M+s {ks= ksa a d h f 'k {kk vkSj vkfF kZd fg r ksa d k l ao/kZu fo'ks" k l k o/kk u h l s

d j sx k vkSj fo'ks" k d j vu ql wfp r tu t kfr;ksa d k A mUg sa l kek ftd vU; k ; rFk k lHkh izd kj

d s 'kks" k .kk sa l s cp k ,x kA 2222 mi j ksD r mn ~ns'; d h i zkfI r ds fy , vu ql wfp r tu t kfr;k sa d k

Rof j r l kekftd&vk fFk Zd fod kl l jd kj d s fy; s Lor a=r k i zkfI r d s i'pk r l s x gjh

fpUr k d k fo" k; cu k gqvk gSA

Hkk j r esa vk fn okfl ;ksa d s f u okl d h ,d vu oj r J`a[ k yk ns' k d s ,d N ksj

l s n wl js N ksj rd QSy h g qbZ g SA Fk kus ¼ egk j k"V ª½ l s 'k q: gk sd j e; wjHkat ¼mMhl k½ rd

Og k;k l wj r vkSj Mkax ¼x qt j kr ½ ? kqfy ;k ¼egkj k"V ª½ cSrwy ] fN Un ok M+k ] fl ou h ] 'kgMksy

¼e/;i zn s'k ½ j kap h] laF kky i jx u k ¼> kj[ k.M½ rdA f }r h; Ja[ k yk dh 'k q:vkr gksr h gS

Hkk j r ds mÙ kj&i wohZ {k s = esa tgka i j vkfn okl h tu la[ ;k l ok Zf/kd ek= k esa i k;h t krh

gS] bu esa t ks j kT; vkr s gSa] os gSa & v:.k kpy i zn s'k ] es? kky;] u kx ky S.M] fet k sje vkSj

vle d s d qN Hk kx rFk k ef .ki qjA ,d vkSj J`a[ ky k ft lesa vk fn okfl ;ksa d h e gRoiw.kZ

c l kg Vs g S og 'kq: gk sr h gS & cLr j] n Ur sokM+k vk Sj j k; x< + ft yksa l s ¼N Ù k hlx< +½

d ksj k iqV ] t;iqj ¼mM+hl k½ Jhd k d qye] fo' kk[ kkiV ~ue ds d qN Hkkx d j he u xj fty s

¼vkU/kzi zn s'k½ rdA p kSFk h J`a[ ky k d s vUrx Zr ckal ck M+k] Mawx jiqj vkSj fl j ks< +h ftys] dqN

Hkk x mn ;i qj f tyk ¼j kt LFkk u ½ vkr s gSaA mÙ kj Hkkj r esa mÙ kj kapy vkSj fg ekpy i zns'kk sa

esa vkf n ok fl;ksa d k f u ok l gSA

Hkk j r esa 697 tu t kf r;ka g SaA d qN tu t kfr;ka ,d l s vf /kd j kT;ksa e sa

fu okl dj r h g Sa] bu d h l a[;k 34 -51 f efy ;u gS] bu d h l a[;k l dy tu l a[;k d k 8-14

i zfr'kr g SaA 3333 bu d h viu h f o'k s" k l kekftd&vkfF kZd izk .kkf y;k aa g S] vk Sj os ,d k d h t hou

;kiu d ju k ialn d jr s gSa] vk Sj ' kr kf Cn ;ksa l s d j r s vk jgs gSaA g kyk afd vk /kqfu d ;qx esa

mu d h t hou 'kSy h esa Hkh ifj or Zu n s[ kus d ks fe yr k gS] fQ j Hkh vHkh Hkh os j k "Vª d h

eq[ ; /kkj k ls ckg j g h gSA mu d s mRFkk u d s fy, d k uwu h vk Sj i z'kkld h; r kSj ij dbZ

dn e mB k, x , gSaA l afo/kk u esa ? k ksf" kr l cd s fy, l eku r k dk vf/kd k j i ku s d s

mn ~ns'; rF kk vkfn okl h leqn k ; d ks l aHkk for ' k ks" k .k l s eqD r j[ ku s d s f y, l e;&le ;

i j db Z l afo/kku l a'kks/k u Hk h gq, g SaA j kT; l jd kj ksa u s Hkh v iu s Lr j l s Hkh b ld s fy ;s

db Z fu ;e cu k , g SaA

d qN tu t kf r;ksa d ks ,d l s vf/kd j kT;k sa d s f y, vf /kl wf pr fd; k x ;k

gSA vu qlwf pr tu t kf r;ksa d h tu la[;k e/;i zn s'k] N Ù khlx < +] e gkj k"V ª] mM+h l k] >k j[k. M

vkSj x qt jk r j k T;ksa esa l ok Zf /kd gSA tcfd gf j;k.k k] iat kc] f n Yyh ] ik .Mhp sj h vkSj

p aMhx < + j k T; ksa esa d k sbZ Hk h leqn k; d ks vu ql wfp r tu t kfr d s :i e sa vf /kl wf pr u gha

fd;k x ;k gSA vu ql wfp r tu t kfr ;ksa d h lcl s vf/k d l a[; k 62 mM+hl k j k T; esa g SA

fd l h Hkh le qn k; d ks vu ql wfp r tu t kfr vf /k lwfp r fd, t ku s d k vk /kkj gSS & i qj kru

d kf yu f o' okl ] fo'ks" k l aLd `f r] HkkSx ksf yd , d kd h iu ] vU; l eqn k;k sa l s esy &fe yki e s a

l ad k sp] vkSj fiN M+kiu vkf n A d qN vk fn oklh leqnk ;ksa u s le kt d h eq[; k/kkj k d h rjg

gh t hou ' kSyh dks viu k f y;k gSA vHkh Hk h 75 vkf n ok lh le wg , sl s g S tks vk t Hkh

i k" kk .k dky hu t hou t hu s d ks etc wj gSA mu d h viu h vyx gh t hou 'kSy h vk Sj vFkZ

O;oLFk k g SA 4444

vkfn okl h tu la[;k us 1991&2001 d s n 'k d esa 21-350 d s o`f) n j d h

r qyu k esa 23-000 i zfr'kr leL r tu la[; k d h of ) n 'kk Zb Z gSA mu dh l k ekf td vk fFk Zd

lg Hkkf xr k u gha d s cj kcj g SA pk gs og e`R;qn j gks ;k f'k'k q e`R;qn j gks] L okf eRo d h d `f"k

;ksX; Hkwf e d k vkd kj g ks] ;k i hu s ;ksX; i ku h d h miyC /k r k gks] ; k fctyh d h ig qap g ks]

vkfn okl h leqnk ; l kekU; tu l s cgqr gh i hN s gSA vf /kd ka'k vkfn okl h if j okj x jh ch

j s[ k k d s u hps t hou ;kiu d j rs gSA 52% yksx ks d ks vk/kqf u d l q[k&l qf o/kk ,a fey i kr h

gSA vk 'p;Z ;g g S fd i wj s 54% vkf n ok fl; ksa d h igqap vkf FkZd lEifr ;k sa] l ap kj l k/ku]

okgu vkSj ;kr k; kr rd vkt Hk h u gh a gSA 5555

v /v /v /v / ;; u f o"k ; dk lke kt 'k kL= h; e gRo ;; u f o"k ; dk lke kt 'k kL= h; e gRo ;; u f o"k ; dk lke kt 'k kL= h; e gRo ;; u f o"k ; dk lke kt 'k kL= h; e gRo &&&&

Hkk j r ds vf/k d ka'k tu t kfr;ksa d k t hou ,d y a cs l e; rd vU;

le qnk;k sa l s fcYd qy vyx &Fk yx jg k Fkk A nqx Ze vk Sj ,d kUr j LFk kuk sa i j fu okl d ju s

d s d kj.k tu t k fr;ksa] leqnk ;ksa d h viu h ,d i`Fk d l aLd `fr Fkh A vkt tu t kfr ;ksa d s

t hou esa gk su s oky s ifj or Zu dks n ks e q[; Hkkx ksa e sa foHk kft r djd s l e> k tk ld rk gSA

igyh Js .kh d s ifj or Zu ckg ~; ifj or Zu gS] t ks l aoS/kkf u d i zko/k ku ksa vkSj tu t kr h;

fod kl dk ;ZØeksa d k ifj.kke g SA nwl j h Js.k h d s ifj or Zu ksa d ks varf jd dg k t k ld rk

gSA ;g if j or Zu L o;a tu t k fr;k a leqn k ; esa l aL d `fr x zg.k rFk k l k {khd j.k d h fØ;k d s

Qy Lo: i mRi Uu g q,A tu t k fr;ksa d k t Sls&t S l s c kg j h l ewgk sa l s lEid Z c< +k rFkk mu esa

l k ekf td vkSj j k tu Sfrd p sru k mRi Uu gqbZ] mUgksau s f ofHk Uu i zd kj d s vkan ksy u ksa d s } kj k

viu s vl ar k s" k d k s O;D r d ju k vk j aHk d j fn ;kA

or Zeku esa tu t kr h; leqn k;ksa d s t h ou esa b ru k ifj orZu gks p qd k gS f d

tu t k rh; vkSj d`"k d lek t ksa d s c hp d ksb Z Li"V Hksn d j ld uk cgqr df B u gSA mu dh

t hou &'kSy h] vkt h fod k mik ft Zr d ju s d s <ax rFkk /kkfe Zd fo'ok l cgqr d qN d" kd

le qnk; l s b l vFkZ esa fHk Uu g S fd n wl js l eqn k; ksa d h r qyu k e sa l ke kftd] vk fFk Zd r Fkk

ifj fLF kfr dh; n `f "V d ks. k l s o s vkt Hkh l cl s vf /kd fiN M+s g q, g SaA

;g l p gS fd Hkk j rh; l ekt d k fu ek Z.k d ju s oky s l Hkh l ewgk sa vk Sj

le qnk;k sa d h fo'ks" k rkvksa esa vkt r st h l s ifj or Zu gks jgk g S] ysfdu vu sd ek u o l eqnk;

vkt Hk h , sl s gS] ftUg ksau s d kQh l h ek rd viu h e kSfy d l aLd `fr fo' ks" kr kvksa d k s cu k,

j[ kk gSA viu h i jEij k x r l kekftd] /kkf eZd l k aLd `frd rF kk U;kf ;d fo' ks" kr kvk sa d s

d kj. k bu l eqn k ;ksa d k l kek ftd l ax B u ] ifj okj O; oLF kk] i zFkk ,a] d k u wu ] u kr sn kjh

O;oLFk k rFk k /kk feZd l ax B u lH; dgs t kus okys l ekt ksa l s vk t Hk h cgqr fHk Uu gSA ;g

ek u o l eqnk; viu h izk ph u laLd `f r d k izfrfu f/k Ro d j rs g SaA t ax y ksa] igk M+k sa] i zn s'kk sa

vFkok l he kar {ks= ksa esa jgu s d s d kj.k bu dk thou vk t Hkh cgqr f iN M+k g qvk g SA b lh

d kj. k ,sl s le qn k;ksa d k s ge tu tkfr ] vkfn e t kf r vF kok oU; t k fr t Sl s 'kCnk sa d s } kj k

l ac ksf /k r d jr s gSa] tu tkf r;ksa d h i zeq[ k fo'ks" krk ;g g S fd c kgjh lewg ksa } kj k fd;s t ku s

okys 'kk s" k.k vkSj Lo;a mu d h vksj i zfLF kr gqb Z vkf n ok l h leqnk; esa g ksu s ok ys l ke kftd

ifj or Zu ds c kn Hkh mUg ksau s viu h igp k u dks cu k ;s j[ kk gSA bl h d kj.k MkW - ';k ep j.k

n qc s u s fy[ k k gS & tut kf r;ksa d k v/ ;;u ,d t h for lek t d s t hfor vax d s :i e sa

fd;k t ku k pk fg,] lax zgk y; d h u qek;' kh oLr qvksa d s :i e sa u gh aA b le sa d ksb Z lan sg u gha

fd tu t k fr;ksa d h l kaLd `frd fo'ks" kr k, a u x jh; vk Sj x zke h.k l eqn k; ksa l s cg qr f Hk Uu gS]

ysf du Lor a= r k d s ck n tu t kfr;ksa d ks f ey u s oky h f o'k s" k l qfo/k kvksa d s d k j.k mu ds

t hou esa Hk h O;k id ifj or Zu g q, g SaA

Hkk j r L or a= r k d s c kn if j or Zu d h t k s i zfØ;k, a gqb Z] mUgksau s u x j h ; rF kk

x zke h.k le qn k;ksa d s vf rfjD r tu t krh ; l eqnk ;ksa d ks Hk h O ;kid :i l s i zHkkf or d ju k

vkj aHk d j fn ;k A Hk kjr esa tu t k r h; leqnk; d k f d ruk e gRoi w.kZ LF kku gS \ b l s rF;

l s le> k t k l dr k gS f d ek pZ 2001 rd Hkkj r d h tu l a[;k esa fof HkUu tu t kr h;

le qnk;k sa d h d qy tul a[;k 8 d j ksM+ l s Hkh vf /k d gks p qd h gSA le kt d s br u s cM+ s Hkk x

esa tc d ksbZ ifj or Zu gk sr k gS rk s og Li’V fn [kk bZ nsr k g SA L or a= r k d s r qj ar ckn

'kr kfCn ;ksa l s 'kk sf" kr vkSj fiN M+s gq, tu t kr h; l eqnk ;ksa d k p rqfnZ'k fod kl djus d s

fy , Hk kj r d s u ;s l afo /kku } kjk mUgsa f of Hk Uu i zd kj d h l aoS/kk fu d l qj{k k,a i zn ku d j

x ;hA fofHkUu Js.kh d s u k Sd fj;ksa esa vkj{k.k n su s d s vfrfj Dr mUgsa j k "Vª d h eq[;/k kj k l s

t ksM+u s d k O;k id i z;Ru fd;s t k u s yx sA

vkfn okl h vPN s f'k Yid k j gS vk Sj LFkkuh ; rkSj ij miyC /k lal k/ku ksa d k

mi;k sx d j r s gq, g Lrf' kYi d h oLr q, a cu k us esa fl) gLr gSA j k T; d s fofHk Uu

N ksV s&N ksV s {ks= ksa es a fc[ kj s gq, g Lrf 'kYi ksa d s {ks = ksa d ks t hou &;kiu d s vol j k sa e sa cn yk

t k l d r k g S vk Sj mRik n u ksa d k okf .kf T;d vk/ k kj i j foi.k u fd;k t k l d r k g SA

vkfn okl h gLr f'kYi ksa d k ,d fo'ks" k d k S'ky g S t ks ,d i h< +h l s n wl jh

i h< +h d ks gLr karfj r fd;k t kr k vk jgk gSA vkSj og h f'kYid kj k sa d k t hou &;kiu d k

l k /ku gSA f Qj bl {k s= e sa fd l h l ax fBr d k;Zokgh d s vHkk o esa vkSj mRik n u ksa d s Ik ;kZIr

:i l s y kHkd kj h u gksu s d s d kj.k ,d l aHkko u k ;g i zr hr gksr h gS fd f'k Yid k j ksa } kjk

vUr r% oSdfYid t hou &;k iu f tl esa mu d k iyk; u Hk h gk s l d rk gS viu ku k “k q: dj

fn ; k gSaA , sl h fLFk fr e sa ;g l fn ;ksa iqj ku h x frfof /k viu h gh ekSr l s ej t k,xhA , sls e sa

;g vR; ar vko ';d gS fd bl {ks= d s l keu s l eL;k, a gSa mUg sa l e> k t kosa vkSj mu d s

vk/kkj i j vk fn okl h gLrf 'kYi ksa d s fod kl d s f y, j. ku hfr;ka l q> kb Z tkosaA df ri;

u hf r Lrj ksa ij g Lr{k s ik sa d h vko' ;d r k gS r kfd l jd kj } kj k i kjEifjd vkf n ok l h

gL rf'k Yiksa d ks ft an k j[ kk t k l d sA

” k ks/ k lkf g R; dk iqujk o yk sd u ” k ks/ k lkf g R; dk iqujk o yk sd u ” k ks/ k lkf g R; dk iqujk o yk sd u ” k ks/ k lkf g R; dk iqujk o yk sd u ¼¼¼¼ iwoZ e sa f d ;s x ;s 'k k s/k v/ ;; uksa d h le h{k kiwoZ e sa f d ;s x ;s 'k k s/k v/ ;; uksa d h le h{k kiwoZ e sa f d ;s x ;s 'k k s/k v/ ;; uksa d h le h{k kiwoZ e sa f d ;s x ;s 'k k s/k v/ ;; uksa d h le h{k k ½ ½ ½ ½ &&&&

tu t k rh; leqn k ; yac s l e; l s 'k ks/kkf FkZ;ksa d s vkd" kZ.k d s d sUn z jg s g SaA

Hkk j r d h d qy tu l a[;k esa 2001 d h tu x .k u k ds vu ql kj y x Hk x 8-02% tu l a[;k

tu t k fr;ksa d h gSA n s'k d h yx Hkx r hu p kSFk kb Z tu t k r h; tul a[;k e/; Hkkj r esa gh

fu okl d j rh gS] ftle sa e /;izn s'k ] N Ù khl x <+] mM+hl k] > kj[ k .M rFk k egk jk"Vª i zeq[ k

j kT; g SA l ke kU;r% tut kf r;ksa d s l an HkZ esa ;g e kU;r k jg h g S f d os ,d n wl j s d s l kFk

fu d V rki woZd t qM+s gk sr s gSa] y sfdu c kg~; l ewg l s mu d k lEid Z cgqr de gksr k gSA ;gh

ctg g S fd tu t k fr;ksa esa l k ekf td x fr 'k hyr k d kQh /khe h gSA

n kl o c Su t h Z ¼1962½n kl o c Su t h Z ¼1962½n kl o c Su t h Z ¼1962½n kl o c Su t h Z ¼1962½ 0000 6666 d s vu ql k j vk S|kSx h dhd j.k d s QyL o:i vu sd

, sl s if j or Zu g ksr s gSa] ft l ls tu t kr h ; yksx ksa d k s l keat L; LFkk fi r d ju k gk sr k gS t Sl s

d `f" k d k ;Z ds LF kku ij d kj[ kku k esa n Sfu d etn wj h ] O;f Dri jdr k e sa o`f) gksu s l s

l k eqfg d rk d k gª kl gksu k ] ;qok i h< +h } kjk f ookg l aca/k h ij a i j kx r e kU;r kvksa d k s

vL oh d kj fd;k t ku k] cM+ksa d s i j a ifjd vf /k d kj o l Ee ku esa deh vku k rF kk

vkS| k Sx hd hd j.k d s Qy Lo:i t u t kr h; l aLd `fr d k ld kj kRed rFkk u d kjk Red n ksu k sa

gh :ik sa d k l keu s vku k i ze q[ k g SA

pV ksi k/;k ; ¼1963½pV ksi k/;k ; ¼1963½pV ksi k/;k ; ¼1963½pV ksi k/;k ; ¼1963½ 07070707 d k v/; ;u Hk kj r e sa f”k Yidy k d h l qan j r k ij

vk/kkf j r gSA v/;;u ; g n ”kkZr k gS fd n s”k d s vu sd j k T; ksa e sa f ”kYi dyk t h od k sikt Zu

d k L= ksr g SA j k"V ªh; Lr j d s l aLFkk u bl s l kek ftd fod kl l s t ksM+d j vu ql a/kku d k;Z

Hkh d j jgs g SaA bl m| ksx d k s vk Sj vf /k d izk s Rl kg u fn , t ku s d h vko” ;d r k g SA

flflflfl Ugk ¼1967½Ugk ¼1967½Ugk ¼1967½Ugk ¼1967½ 08080808 u s vk S| ksf x d bd kb Z;ksa d h tu t k rh; le qn k; lac a/kh

v/; ;u esa ;g ik ;k g S fd vkS| ksfx d bd kb Z;ksa esa v)Zd q”k y , oa v d q”ky Jfe d ksa d k

LF kku tut kf r;ksa d ks feyk] b ld k l k ekf td l ax B u i j dk sbZ i zHkko u gha iM+k ysfdu

b l l s LFk kuh ; x fr ”khyr k d ks c< +k ok fe yk] etn wj x kao N k sM+d j c kgj d ke dju s t kr s

gaS] i j lIr kg d s var e sa i qu % x kao y kSV vkr s gSaA Li"V g S f d vkS| k Sx hd hd j. k u s

tu t k rh; {ks= ksa e sa LFk ku h; xf r”kh yr k d ks c< + k;k g SA

fo | k Fkh Z ¼1968½fo | k Fkh Z ¼1968½fo | k Fkh Z ¼1968½fo | k Fkh Z ¼1968½ 09090909 u s fcgkj ds vkS| k sfx d dsUn z gfV ; k ds fu dV vkB

tu t k rh; x kaoksa esa f d, x ;s v/; ;u e sa ;g ik ;k fd bu xkaoksa esa tu t kr h; ij Ei j kxr

d `f" ktU; vF kZO;oLFk k ;Fk kor gS] y sfdu gf V ;k m| ksx d s fu ekZ.k d ky d s izk jafHkd p j.k

esa mUgk sau s mi & vkt h fod k d s :i esa vkS| ksf xd etn wj h Hk h d h] y sf du or Zeku i h<+h

vkS| k sfx d e tn wj h d s fy , yky kf; r u gha gSA b ru k vo”; gS fd t ks d k j[ kku k esa d ke

d j jgs gSa] mu esa [ ksr hg j ksa d h vi s {k k mi Hk ksD r k l kef x z;ksa ;F kk&u ;s oL=] V kp Z] p”e k]

l k bf dy vkfn d s d kj. k l ke kftd , oa vkf FkZd xf r”kh yr k vk;h gSA

fl Ugk ¼1970½fl Ugk ¼1970½fl Ugk ¼1970½fl Ugk ¼1970½ 1111 0000 u s viu h i qLrd x zke h.k m| ksx vkSj x zke h.k

vkS| k Sx hd hd j.k esa fy [ kk gS fd vkt vf/kd r j xzk eh. k m| ksx i ru d s dx kj ij gS

ft l d k dkj. k u gh Jfe d ksa d h vu qiy C/kr k g S vk Sj u gh i wat h d h deh cf Yd ;s

m| k ksx cn y r s l e; d s l kF k Loa; d k s cn y i ku s esa vl Qy gq, gSaA ;gh d k j.k gS fd

dHkh cM+h l a[;k esa x zkeh .kk sa d ks j kstx k j n su s okyh x zk eh. k m| ksx vkt c an g ksu s d s dx kj

i j gSA

v gen ¼1980½v gen ¼1980½v gen ¼1980½v gen ¼1980½ 1111 1111 d k v/; ;u y ? kq ,oa ? kjsyw m| ksx k sa d h leL ;kvksa l s

l ac af/kr jgk gSA v/;; u e sa b l c kr i j f o”k s" k t ksj fn ; k x ;k gS fd u dsoy d sUn z

l j d kj cfYd j k T; l jd kj Hk h y? kq , oa ? kjsy w m| ksx d k s ;fn i zksR l k gu n s rFkk bu

m| k sxksa e s a cu u s okys m Ri kn ksa d k s j k" V ª h; ,oa vUr Zj k"Vª h ; c kt kjk sa rd ig qap k;k t k, r k s

n s”k d k f”kYidyk y ? kq , oa ? k j syw m| ksx l s c kg j fu dyd j o`gn m| ksx d k :i Hkh y s

ld r k gSA

j ko ¼1990½j ko ¼1990½j ko ¼1990½j ko ¼1990½ 1111 2222 us f ”kYidyk d k ck tkj 'k h" k Zd d s vUrx Zr ; g fy [ kk gS f d

Hkk j r esa tg ka cM+h la[ ;k c sj kstx kjk sa d h gSA , sls esa f”k Yidy k ,d j kstx kj ewyd fodYi

cu l d r k gSA ;f n bl s n s”k esa c< +k ok fn ;k t k , r ks ; g u d soy c sj kstx k j h d ks de

d j sx k oju n s” k esa b l d s e k/;e l s fon s ”kh eqn zk Hk h vk;sx hA

gf j”kp an z ¼ 1991½gf j”kp an z ¼ 1991½gf j”kp an z ¼ 1991½gf j”kp an z ¼ 1991½ 1111 3333 us l jd kj d h fofHk Uu fod kl ;kstu k vk sa d k t u t kfr

le kt i j gq, i zHkko dk v/;;u f d;k gSA l kFk gh mu dh l kek ftd vk fFk Zd l eL;k vk sa

d k Hk h v /; ;u fd;k gSA

j ko g sey r k ¼1994½j ko g sey r k ¼1994½j ko g sey r k ¼1994½j ko g sey r k ¼1994½ 1111 4444 u s vu qlwfp r t kf r vkSj vu qlwfp r tu t kfr ds

l k ekf td vk fFk Zd mRF kku ; kstu kvksa d k mu d s t hou iM+u s okys i z Hkko d k v/;;u fd;k

gSA

j ko+ jfo Un zu kF k ¼1995½j ko+ jfo Un zu kF k ¼1995½j ko+ jfo Un zu kF k ¼1995½j ko+ jfo Un zu kF k ¼1995½ 15151515 u s n f{k.k dUu M+ d s d qV wfcy tu t k fr d s v/; ;u

esa vkS| ksfx d l ekt e sa tu t kf r d h f LFkfr i j foLr kji woZd i zd k”k M yk g SA

jFk ] j kty {eh ¼1995½jFk ] j kty {eh ¼1995½jFk ] j kty {eh ¼1995½jFk ] j kty {eh ¼1995½ 16161616 esa viu k v/ ;;u fcg kj d s tu tk fr;k sa o

vu ql wfp r t kfr ds l an HkZ e sa fd ;k g SA viu s v/; ;u esa jF k u s ;g Li"V f d;k g S f d

vu ql wfp r tu t k fr @vu ql wfp r tk fr d s yksx viu s i j aij k x r is”k s d k s N ksM+u k u gha

p kg rs gSa] l k Fk g h lekt d s mP p t k fr d s y ks x mUgsa vk j{k .k d k ykH k fn yk us d s i{k/k j

u g ha gSA viu s v/;;u esa mUgksau s e gR oi w.k Z l q>ko ;g f n ;k gS fd vkj{k.k u hfr d s f y,

i zHk kod kj h ¼ vl jd kjh½ iz”kk lu d k gksu k vko” ;d gSA

eUu ] v kjeUu ] v kjeUu ] v kjeUu ] v kj ---- , l, l, l, l ---- ¼1996½¼1996½¼1996½¼1996½ 17171717 u s fu ;ksft r fod kl vkSj tu t k fr t hou d h

x q.koÙ kk ds l kFk &l kF k tu t kfr;ksa esa vk j{k . k] f ”k{kk] j kstx kj ds i zfr n`f"V d ksa.k d k

v/; ;u fd;k g SA ;g v/; ;u L o;a es a fo ”ks" k :i l s mYy s[ ku h ; gS D;ksafd b l v/;; u

d s } kjk l aiw. kZ Hk kjr o" kZ d s tu tkf r;ksa d h or Zeku f LFkf r ij i zd k”k Mky us d s

l k Fk&l kFk Hkfo"; d h pqu k Sfr;ksa ij Hk h i zd ”k Mk y k x ;k g SA

c ['kh ] , lc ['kh ] , lc ['kh ] , lc ['kh ] , l ---- v kjv kjv kjv kj ---- vkSj c kykvkSj c kykvkSj c kykvkSj c kyk ¼2000½¼2000½¼2000½¼2000½ 18181818 u s tu t kfr;ksa d h l ke kftd] vkfFk Zd

fLF kfr ] t h ou 'kSyh vf /kd kj vkSj l a? k" kZ] {ks= h; igp ku vk Sj l ke kftd lg Hk kfx rk ij

i zd k”k Mk yk g SA

yd j k ¼2000½yd j k ¼2000½yd j k ¼2000½yd j k ¼2000½ 19191919 u s e/; Hkk j r dh tu t kfr;ksa d h fL Fkf r d k v/; ;u fd;k

gSA l kFk gh mu d h l aL d `fr vkSj p qu kSfr;ksa d k s Li" V fd;k gSA

u l ok] l qes/ k k ¼2000½u l ok] l qes/ k k ¼2000½u l ok] l qes/ k k ¼2000½u l ok] l qes/ k k ¼2000½ 2222 0000 u s tu t k fr lekt d s l ke kftd vkfF kZd fiNM+siu

d k v/;;u fd;k gSA mUg ksau s mÙ k j kapy o mÙ k jizn s”k l jd kj d s u hfr fu /kkZj d ksa]

i z”kkl d ksa] 'k ks/kkf FkZ;ksa d k s b l fn ”k k esa i z;kl dju s d h ck r d gh gS] ft l l s tu t k fr;k sa

d s fod kl d s f y , i zHkkod kj h u hfr cu k bZ t k ld sA

l k gw pl k gw pl k gw pl k gw p r qHkZwt ¼2001½r qHkZwt ¼2001½r qHkZwt ¼2001½r qHkZwt ¼2001½ 2222 1111 u s gt k j hc kx ftys d s tu t k fr;k sa d h l kekftd

vkfF kZd n f "V d ks. k , oa t hou Lr j d k v/;;u fd;k gS l kFk gh viu s v/; ;u esa bl

rF ; d ks Li"V f d;k g S fd t u tkfr ;ksa d ks l ke kU;r% vyx &vyx Hk qx Hk hZ; f LFkf r o

tyok;q e sa jgu k gksr k gS] t ks fd l kek U;r% vU; y ksx ksa d s fy , Lohd k; Z ; ksX; u gh a

gk sr kA mu d h l aLd `fr vkSj mu d h thou 'kSyh cgqr gh etcwr gksr h g S] ;|fi l jd kj

d s } kj k fof HkUu tu t kf r fod kl d k ;ZØeksa } k j k dkQh /k u O;; fd;k t k pqd k gS]

ysf du t u t kfr l ekt i z” kkl d ksa d s i zfr lp sr gksd j bu ;kstu k vksa esa Hkk x ys jg h gS]

b l v/;;u esa f od k l ; kstu kvksa d h l Qyr k g sr q tu t kfr le kt d s O;ogk fjd Kku

d h c kr dgh g SA

i r h vk Sj n kl t si r h vk Sj n kl t si r h vk Sj n kl t si r h vk Sj n kl t s ---- ¼ 2002½¼ 2002½¼ 2002½¼ 2002½ 2222 2222 u s tu t kfr;ksa d h Hk kSx kSfy d fLFkfr] iks" k.k , oa

vkgk j l ac a/kh l eL;k] L okLF; d h le L;k] f”k {kk d h le L;k rF kk t axy vkSj i;kZoj.k e sa

l ac a/k o l eL;k d k foLr kji woZd mYy s[ k fd;k gSA mUg ksau s viu s v /;; u esa ;g Li"V

fd;k gS fd tu t k fr;k sa e sa fu /kZur k dh nj esa o`f) g ksu s d s lk Fk&l kFk L okL F; le L;k, W

Hkh c< +h gSA i qLrd e sa v kfn okl h vkSj x Sj vkfn ok l h e sa r qyu k Re d v/; ;u fd;k x; k gSA

l Su i< ~et k ¼20l Su i< ~et k ¼20l Su i< ~et k ¼20l Su i< ~et k ¼20 03½03½03½03½ 2222 3333 u s tu t k rh; t hou d s f ofHk Uu eqn~n ksa ij i zd k”k

Mky k x ;k g S] ft lesa tu t kfr;ksa d s t hou d k n ” kZu ] ewY; ] ij ai j kx r mip kj O;oLFk k]

igp ku vkSj O;oLFk kiu d k b an ok n vk Sj lk ekf td /k kfe Zd n `f"V d ks.k d k s Li" V fd;k

x ;k g S] l kFk gh tut kr h ; thou esa vk/kqfu d r k ds Qy Lo:i g k s j gs ifjo r Zu ksa d k

mYys[ k fd;k x ;k g SA

l k g Mhl k g Mhl k g Mhl k g Mh ---- l hl hl hl h ---- v kSj fl l ksfn ;k ; r hUn z f l ag ¼2004½v kSj fl l ksfn ;k ; r hUn z f l ag ¼2004½v kSj fl l ksfn ;k ; r hUn z f l ag ¼2004½v kSj fl l ksfn ;k ; r hUn z f l ag ¼2004½ 2222 4444 us e /;i zn s”k o x qt j kr

d s tu t kf r;ksa d s t ho u Lr j o Hkwfe vyx k o d k v/;; u f d;k gSA l k Fk iapk ;r h j kt

o u sr `Ro tu t k fr f ”k{ kk] tu t kfr Lok LF; l eL;k o vU; leL; k vk sa d s lek /kku e sa

fod kl ;kstu k vk sa d h H k wfed k d k mYys[ k f d;k x ;k gSA bUgk sau s viu s v /;;u e sa bl

rF ; d k s L i"V f d;k gS fd vkfF kZd fod kl d s l kF k&lk Fk tu t k fr;k sa d s t hou Lr j o

f”k {k k d s Lr j esa l q/k kj n s[ k us d ks f eyr k gSA

t Su ] gal k ¼2004½t Su ] gal k ¼2004½t Su ] gal k ¼2004½t Su ] gal k ¼2004½ 25252525 u s viu s v /;;u r j h d ksa] vk fFk Zd ek WMy ] miyC/k

dYiu kvksa d k l w= hd j.k vkSj bu d k fu "d" kZ l s ij h{k. k fd;k x ;k gSA ;g v/;;u

rg lhy LRkj ij f d;k x ;k] j kt LF kku j k T; d s l an HkZ esa ;g v/;;u j kt LF kk u d s

tu t k fr;ksa d h fu /kZu rk i j d sf Un zr gSA mUgksau s viu s v/;;u esa ;g Li"V fd;k g S fd

l ar qfyr f od kl l s tu t kfr fu /kZu r k de d h t k l d r h g SA

d kfr Zd sd kfr Zd sd kfr Zd sd kfr Zd s ”””” oj] j kÅr ¼2006½oj] j kÅr ¼2006½oj] j kÅr ¼2006½oj] j kÅr ¼2006½ 26262626 d k v/;;u tu t k fr;ksa esa t hou d h x q.k oRr k

i j f ”k{kk d s i zHkk o i j vk /kkf j r F kk] ;g v/; ;u mM+hl k d s D ;ksa> j f tys d s p k j

fod kl [k. M d s l aFkk y] d k sYgk ] Hkq;k u ] t ksax k] tu t kfr i j vk /kkfj r Fkk A v/;;u l s

i zkIr fu " d" k Z esa ;g K kr gqvk gS f d tu t kfr;ksa e sa fu j{kj r k thou d s x q.koRr k d ks

i zHk kfor d j r k gSA

i qjc l d j] ¼2007½i qjc l d j] ¼2007½i qjc l d j] ¼2007½i qjc l d j] ¼2007½ 27272727 dk v/; ;u & tu t k rh; cP p ksa e sa jpu kRe d i zfrHkk

vkSj vd k n fed miyfC/k ;ksa ij vk/kk fj r Fk kA v/;;u i zkFk fed fo| k y; d s 480

tu t k fr; cP p ksa t ks fd laF kky ] d ksYg k] Hk weht vkSj Hkw;ku tu tkfr fd F ksA v/;;u l s

;g K kr g qvk g S fd jpu kRed {ker k vk Sj “kS{kf.k d miyf C/k d s ch p N k= rFk k N k= k vk sa

n ksu ksa es a e g Roiw .k Z rFkk ld k jkRed F kkA

“ ke kZ] v kyk sd ¼2008½ke kZ] v kyk sd ¼2008½ke kZ] v kyk sd ¼2008½ke kZ] v kyk sd ¼2008½ 28282828 dk v/;;u g kbZ Ld wy Lr j d s vu q-t kf r@tu t kf r]

vU; fiN M+k oxZ o l k ekU; ox Z d s fo| kf FkZ;ksa esa Ld wy N ksM+u s d h i zof Rr rFkk vd k n fed

i zxf r ij vk/k kfjr F kkA v/; ;u mRr j i zn s”k j k T; d s c kg fjd fty s d s 17 fo| ky ;ksa i j

vk/kkf j r Fkk A v/;;u l s Ikzk Ir rF; ;g n ”k kZr k gS fd vu q-t kfr@tu t kfr d s N k=k sa esa

fo| k y; N k sM+u s d h i zof Rr vU; ox ksZ d h r qyu k esa vf /kd Fk hA

t ut kt ut kt ut kt ut k rrrr hhhh ; {k s=k sa e sa f ”k Yid yk m| ksx d h f L F kf r ; {k s=k sa e sa f ”k Yid yk m| ksx d h f L F kf r ; {k s=k sa e sa f ”k Yid yk m| ksx d h f L F kf r ; {k s=k sa e sa f ”k Yid yk m| ksx d h f L F kf r

H kkj r h; g LrfH kkj r h; g LrfH kkj r h; g LrfH kkj r h; g Lrf '''' k Yi &k Yi &k Yi &k Yi &

l k ekU;r % gLrf 'kYi g kFk l s cu h gqb Z dykRed oLr q, a g SaA ;s oLr q, a dbZ

c kj l k/kkj.k vkSt kj ksa d h en n ls cu h vkSj l k/kk j.kr% d ykRe d ;k lt k oV h i zd `fr d h

gk sr h g S] , sl s ifjHk kf" k r fd;k t kr k gSA

Hkk j r h; g Lrf'k Yi viu h le`) fof Hk/krk yko.; vkSj d kS'k y d s d kj.k iwj s

fo'o e sa i zfl ) gSA Hkkjr d s fofHk Uu Hk kx ksa esa d h x b Z [ kqn k bZ l s ;g fl) g ks x ;k gS fd

fofHkUu d kyk sa esa Lej.k h; g Lrf'k Yi cu r sa jgs g SaA ek sgu t ksn M+ksa l s f u d k ys x ;s vo'ks" k

vkSj [ kaMg j f l) d j rs gSa fd {k s= d s fu okfl ;ksa esa mP p J s.kh d k f' kYi d kS'k y ekSt wn

Fk kA ? kj syw cr Zu ] l k/kk j.k vkSj j ax h x b Z feV ~V h d s c r Zu ] t ks fd d qEg kj ds pD d s d h

y;n kj /kzqo d h mit Fk s] iD d h fe V ~V h ds cr Zu ] gfFk;k j ] mid j. k] x gu s vkSj vk Hkw" k. k]

vR; ar dyk Red vkSj cg qewY; oLrq , a Hk h t k s ogka ls ik bZ x bZA b ll s f l) gksr k g S f d

gL rf'k Yiksa d h fofHkUu r k ok yh oLr q,a n s'k d s lHk h vk fn okl h {k s= ksa esa] y Ecs l e; l s

cu kb Z t k rh jgh gSA bl i zd kj gL rf'k Yi fdl h Hkh fn ; s x ;s d ky vkSj LF kku dk s viu s

vki esa lfn ;k sa l s ek uok sa d s i z;ksx k sa d ks izf r fc afc r d j r h j gh gSA d ykRed f'k Yi d s

[ k t ku ksa d s l kF k f o| eku gSA eku o l ekt d h O;fDrx r vkSj l eqn k f;d :fpvksa d ks

i zfrfc afc r d j r h gSaA f 'kYi u d s oy vk fFk Zd vko ';d r k vk sa d h i wf r Z d j rs g Sa] vf ir q

ek u o d h dyk Re d r k d h Hkw[ k d ks Hkh l ar qf"V d j r s g SaA

gL rf'k Yi d s fu ;kZr l ao/kZu ifj "k n ¼Epch½ ds vu ql kj Hk kj rh; g Lrf'k Yik sa

d k c kt k j fo'o e sa ek= 0-08% g h gS] tcf d p hu us d soy 5 o" kk sZa esa 56% d k vkdM+k

fu ; kZr c kt kj esa ik f y;k g SA o" kZ 2004 esa ;g vu qek u yx k;k x ;k Fkk fd g Lrf' kYi d s

{ks= esa f'k Yid k j ksa d h tu l a[;k f d ru h g SA i zkI r vkad M+s f u Eu fyf [ kr r kfy d k esa i zn f'kZr

gS 29292929 &

gLr fgLr fgLr fgLr f ' k Yi d s k Yi d s k Yi d s k Yi d s f ”k Yid k j ksa f ”k Yid k j ksa f ”k Yid k j ksa f ”k Yid k j ksa d h v u qek fu r tu la[;k ¼yk[ kksa e sa½d h v u qek fu r tu la[;k ¼yk[ kksa e sa½d h v u qek fu r tu la[;k ¼yk[ kksa e sa½d h v u qek fu r tu la[;k ¼yk[ kksa e sa½

j kT; ¼NCHER½ d s j kT; ¼NCHER½ d s

vkU/kzi zn s'k 1-05 v:.kk py izn s ' k 1 -53

vkle 1-01 fcgk j 3 -32

x ksok 0-07 x qt j kr 3 -32

gf j;k.kk 1-42 fg ek y; i zn s'k 0 -58

tEew o d k'e hj 5-17 du k ZV d 2 -80

d sjy 3-24 ef .ki qj 2 -68

eg kj k"Vª 0-69 N -x - lf gr e /;izn s'k 1 -02

es? kky ; 0-86 fe t ksje 0 -05

u kx k ySaM 0-86 mM+hl k 0 -76

p aMhx < + l fgr iat kc 0-61 j k t LFkku 3 -61

fl fD de 0-10 rf eyu k Mw 0 -87

f=i qj k 1-75 mÙ k jkapy l fgr mÙ kji zn s'k 9 -72

If 'peh c ax ky 3-91 vaMeku fu d ksc kj } h i l ewg 0 -01

fn Y yh 1-12 i kaMhp sj h 0 -01

L= ksr & f oL= ksr & f oL= ksr & f oL= ksr & f o dk l vk;q Dr ¼ gLrf' Yi½ dk dk;k Z y;dk l vk;q Dr ¼ gLrf' Yi½ dk dk;k Z y;dk l vk;q Dr ¼ gLrf' Yi½ dk dk;k Z y;dk l vk;q Dr ¼ gLrf' Yi½ dk dk;k Z y;

gL rfgL rfgL rfgL rf ' k Yi ksa d k ox hZd j .kk Yi ksa d k ox hZd j .kk Yi ksa d k ox hZd j .kk Yi ksa d k ox hZd j .k

gL rf'k Yi d k s eksV s r kSj i j r hu Jsf. k;ksa e sa foHk Dr d j ld r s g Sa % &

1111 ---- mi HkksD r k oLr q, ami HkksD r k oLr q, ami HkksD r k oLr q, ami HkksD r k oLr q, a &&&& f'k Yid kj ,sl h mi;k sx h oL r q,a cu kr s g Sa fd mud k mi;ksx os Lo ;a

Hkh d j ldsa ;k f of u e; d s fy , t Sl s V ksdfj ;ksa] ? kj sy w l ke kuk sa d ks j[ku s d s fy, > k ih ;ka]

t wr s&pIiy] f 'kd k j d s r hj] da? ks] y dM+h vk Sj iRFk j dh IysV mi;ksx kF kZ] diM+ksa d h

oLr q,a & t Sl s 'kky ] d k s V ] t Sd sV vk fn A

2222 ---- i zf Ø;kRed mi;k sx & i zf Ø;kRed mi;k sx & i zf Ø;kRed mi;k sx & i zf Ø;kRed mi;k sx & t Sl s ou k sit] vkSj ml ls cu s mRi kn ; s L o mi; ksx d s fy ,

@;k l kIr kfg d c kt k j esa fofu e ; d s vk/k kj i j vn yk &cn yh d s fy , ;k iSl s d s cn y s

esa cspu s d s f y, mi;ks x e sa vk r s g SA rkfd iSl ksa l s vU; L o mi; ks x d h oLr qvksa d ks

[ k jhn k t k ld sA

3333 ---- lt ko V h o Lr q, alt ko V h o Lr q, alt ko V h o Lr q, alt ko V h o Lr q, a & & & & bu d s vUrx Zr fu Eu fyf[ kr oLr q,a ' kkf ey gSa t Sl s& x g u s vk Sj

vkHkw" k .k] d k u d h c kfy;ka] i k;y sa] x y s d s g kj] fl j d s t soj , oa vkfn A ;s l t koV d s

fy , g S] dHkh &d Hk h l k Ir kf gd c kt kj ksa esa vki l h vn yk&cn yh fd;k t k r k gS ;k eqn zk d s

cn ys es a c sp h Hkh t kr h gSA

gL rfgL rfgL rfgL rf '''' kYi ksa d k i zk:i .k & kYi ksa d k i zk:i .k & kYi ksa d k i zk:i .k & kYi ksa d k i zk:i .k & izk: i.k ,d ogn ~ fo" k; gS vkSj bld s oLr q&n j oLr q d s f y,

vFkZ vy x &vyx gSA ml h r jg l s ,d L = ksr ls n wl js L= ksr d s fy;s Hkh vyx & vy x

gSA 'kS{kf .kd vk Sj O;ogk jkRed mn ~n s'; d s f y, Hkh vyx &vy x izk :i. k g ksr k gSA

i zk:i. k d ks g e i kap Hkkx k sa esa fo HkD r d j l d r s gSaA

¼1½ i zkd `f rd i zk:i. k] ¼2½ l t koV h izk:i.k] ¼3½ l ajpu k Re d i zk:i.k] ¼4½ j s[ kx f. krh;

i zk:i. k] vk Sj ¼5½ Hkkook pd izk:i.k A

1111 ---- i zkd `f rdi zkd `f rdi zkd `f rdi zkd `f rd i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & izk d `frd izk :i. k esa fMt kb Zu izk d`frd Qwy ifÙ k ;ksa l s y h t krh

gSA i zkd`frd i zk:i.k cP p ksa d s de j ksa esa mi;k s x f d;k tkr k gS ft l l s fd mu dh izd `fr

l s t ku igp ku g ks l d s l kF k gh vk li kl d s okr koj .k l s Hk h bu 'kSf y;ksa d k s

vLr &o; Lr < ax ls u gh a f d;k t ku k pkf g, r kfd mu d h izk d `frd l qUn j r k vkSj i zk:i

d k l kj cp k, j[ kk t k l d sA

2222 ---- l t ko V h vk Sj 'k Syh i w.kZ i zk:i.k & l t ko V h vk Sj 'k Syh i w.kZ i zk:i.k & l t ko V h vk Sj 'k Syh i w.kZ i zk:i.k & l t ko V h vk Sj 'k Syh i w.kZ i zk:i.k & lt koVh vkSj 'kSyh i w.kZ i zk:i. k d s L =k sr izd `fr

vkSj ml ds rRo gk sr s gSa t ks fd l kn xh vkSj dYiu k l s fd;s t kr s g Sa vkSj l kekU;

miHk ksx d s fy , g ksr s g SaA

3333 ---- l aj pu kRedl aj pu kRedl aj pu kRedl aj pu kRed i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & i zk:i .k & i zk :i. k e sa fu ekZ.k d ks gh i zk:i. k d k e q[; mn ~n s' ; cu k;k

t kr k gSA

4444 ---- j s[ k k x f.k r h; i zk:i .k & j s[ k k x f.k r h; i zk:i .k & j s[ k k x f.k r h; i zk:i .k & j s[ k k x f.k r h; i zk:i .k & j s[ kk x f.kr d h ' kSfy; ksa d ks j s[ kk xf.kr h; i zk:i.k esa

lf Eefy r fd;k t kr k gSA

5555 ---- Hkk ok Red i zk:i .k & Hkk ok Red i zk:i .k & Hkk ok Red i zk:i .k & Hkk ok Red i zk:i .k & i zk:i.k mu mn ~n s'; izk: i esa gh fu fgr g ksr k g S vkSj gh

,dek= vd s yk ,sl k O ;fD r g ksr k gS t ks ml d h vfHkO ;fD r vFkZ vkSj l kSUn ;Z d ks cr k

ld r k gSA

v kfn o kl h gLrfv kfn o kl h gLrfv kfn o kl h gLrfv kfn o kl h gLrf ' k Yi & k Yi & k Yi & k Yi & t hou &;kiu d s :i esa vk fn okl h vFk ZO;oL Fkk Hk h mr uh gh

fo'ks" k g S] ft ru h dh vU; vF kZO;oLFk k,aA ;g ,d c an iz.k kyh g SA vkfn okl h y ksx vk t

Hkh i k" kk .k d kyhu rdfu d ksa d ks viu kr s gq;s d `f" k dk;Z d j rs g SA viu k t hou &; kiu

d ju s ds f y;s d `f ’ k] etn wj h Hkh d jr s gSA ou ksai t ,d = hd j.k mu ds t h ou ;k iu d k ,d

i zeq[ k tfj ;k gSA mu d h vF kZO;oLFkk ou ks i j g h vk /k kfj r g SA [ kk| ,d = hd j.k Hk h ouk s

l s g h d j r s gSA le ; d s l k Fk&l kFk d `f" k i z.k kyh cn y h gS] >we d `f’ k d s LFk ku i j vc os

LF kk;h d `f" k djus y x s g SA vkS| ksfx d Jfed g ksu s d s l k Fk &l kFk i'k qi ky u ] e N yh i ky u]

vkSj ok f.kT; esa Hkh : fp j[ kus yx s g SA i jUr q bu l cl s e gRoi w.k Z x `g m| ksx &gLrf 'kYi

vf/kd egR oiw.k Z g SA vu ql wfp r t u t kfr ;ksa vkSj vU; yksx ks d s c hp f od kl d s Lr j e sa

,d x gj h [ kkb Z gSA d qy Jf ed ' kfD r d h l a[;k d k 58% vkfn okf l;ksa d h l a[;k g SA

b lesa l s 55% d `" k d gS] ftu esa l s vf/k d ka'k l he kar d `’ kd] y? kq d `"kd vF kok [ k sfrgj

etn wj g SA “ks’ k 3% gLrf'k Yi vk Sj g kFk dj? k k t Sl s x frfof/k;ksa esa l ay Xu gSA ijUr q ;g

mu d k e q[; O;olk ; ugh a gSA t ks mUg sa foj kl r viu s i w oZt ksa l s fey k g ksA vk fn okfl ;ksa e sa

l s vf /kd ka'k O; ol k ; esa l ayXu g ksu s d s c kot wn Hkh xj hc h js[ k k ds uhp s t hou t h jg s

gSaA mu d h fu /kZur k d k Lr j mu d h fu Eu Lr j h ; vk ; l s ifjyf {kr gksr k gSA oSl s fn u p;kZ

vkSj jgu &lg u d s Lr j esa Hk h ewyHk wr l qfo/kkvksa d k vHk ko] ewyHk wr < kap s d k vHkko vkSj

l k Fk ,d kd h t hou ] iwj s n s' k l s dV s&dV s ;gh n s'k esa vkf n ok l h t h ou d h fo'ks" kr k g SA 3333 0000

vkfn okl h l fn ;ksa l s viu s g Lrf'k Yi dyk l s x `g mi;k sx h , oa lt koV h

oLr qvk sa d k fu ekZ.k d j r s pys vk jg s gSaA i woZ d s fn u ksa esa vkf n ok l h vFk ZO;oL Fkk

vn yk&cn yh i z.kky h ij vk/kkf j r Fkh A vki l h en n d s :i e sa l eqnk ; d s fofHkUu

ln L;ksa d s chp _.k iz F kk Fk h] og Hkh fj okt ksa d s vu ql kj ifjpkf yr gk sr h Fk hA d ksbZ Hkh

C;k t u r k s f n ;k t kr k u fy ;k t kr k F kkA b l r jg Lo;a } kj k cu kb Z x b Z vkfn okf l;k sa

d h vFk ZO;oL Fkk e sa d ksb Z egRoiw. kZ jde u g ha gk sr h fd ,d fu ;fer c kt k j cu l d sA vkSj

d ksb Z l aHkou k cu l d sA d ky kUr j esa ? khj s&/kh j s c kt kj h vFk Z O;oLFkk d s if jn `'; mHkju s

yx sA /kkfe Zd R;k Sg kj ksa esa u bZ gLr f'kYi d h oL r qvksa d h ek Wx bl c kt k j esa c< +u s yx h A

b ld h ifjf. kfr l kIr k fgd c kt k jksa d s : i esa gqb ZA O ;ki kj h ;k f cp kSf y, Hkh b l ifjn `';

i j mifLF kr gq, vkSj /kh j s ls bu vk fn oklh f”kYid kj ksa d s d kS'k y ij mu d h u t j x bZA

vkfn okl h f 'kYi h d k S'ky izn f 'kZr d j rs g Sa] t ks i kj aifjd :i l s mU g sa i zk Ir gqvk g SA os

viu h dy kd `fr ;ksa d ks bu O ;ki kfj;k sa ;k fcpk Sfy;k sa d ks cspu k 'k q: d j f n ;kA nqHkk ZX; o'k

;s f'kYid kj 'kks" k.k d k f'kd k j g ks jg s g Sa vkSj mUg sa U;qu re Hkqx r ku fd;k t k jgk gSA

vc r k s ;g i z.kky h Hkh [ kRe g ksr h t k jgh gS D;ksaf d ,d r k s foi.k u d h det ksj h g S vkSj

n wl js e 'kh u ksa d h lg k;r k l s mRi kfn r eky] vf /kd vk d" kZd gksu s d s d k j.k or Zeku

i zfr Li/kkZ esa os f V d ugh a i k jgs g SaA v/;;u ksa l s i r k pyrk gS fd le; ds l k Fk

/kh j s&/k hj s mu d h l a[;k esa yx kr kj de h vkr h t k jgh gSA vkSj mu esa l s cg qr l s

Hkwf e&ghu d `f" k etnwj k sa d s fo'kk y lewg esa 'kkfey g ks x ;s g SaA i kjaifjd f'k Yid k fj rk esa

mu d k x kSj o; qD r LFkk u t k s mu esa vUr Zfu f gr dykRe d p kr q;Z t k s fd fof HkUu vkd k j ksa]

Lo:ik sa vkSj izk :ik sa d h i w.kZ Ja [ kyk e sa i zdV gksr k Fkk og or Zeku e sa i wj h r jg l s

vLr &O;oL r r k d h fLFkfr esa g SA vkSj /khjs& /kh j s lekiu d h vksj c< + jgs gSa] l kFk gh

mu d s foi.ku d h vf /k d kf/k d en n vR; ar /kh eh g SA

x j hc h o csj k stx kj h dh leL; kvk sa l s fu t kr i ku s f”k Yid k j ksa u s n wl j s

O;ol k ; viu ku s “k q: d j f n ;s gS rFk k vf/kd etn wj h d s yky p e sa “k gj k sa d h vk sj

iyk;u Hk h d ju s y x s gSA ;g cgqr gh n qHk kZ X;iw. kZ gSA b ld s f y; s u hf r cu ku k cgqr

vko” ;d gSA r kf d f”kYid k j ksa d s iy k;u d k s j ksd k t k lds l kFk gh mf pr f oi.ku

O;oLFk k d jd s mfp r etn wj h fn ykd j f ”kYid kj ksa d k s Loj kstx kj d h vksj i zsfj r f d;k tk

ld sA b l l s iy k;u r ks :d sx k g h , oa i zkp hu f ”kYi d yk t hfor Hkh j gsx hA

vkfn okf l;ksa d k vF kZO;oLFk k e q[;r% d`f"k ij vk/kk fj r gSA f Qj Hk h mu d s

Lokfe Ro d h Hkwf e;ka vu kfF kZd vkSj de mRik n d gSA os d `f" k ds fy, ik jEifj d r dfu dksa

d k mi;k sx d j r s gSaA ;s gh r j hds os fl ap kb Z] [ kkn vkf n vkSj Qly d k V us d s d ke e sa

yk r s gSaA vkfn okl h viu h Qly ksa esa f of o/kr k u g ha yk u k pkg rs ;| f i mle sa d qN xaqt k b'k

gSA tM+r k ] K ku d h deh ,oa vk fFk Zd det ksj h ds d kj. k] iyk ;u b l d k;Z e sa vk M+s

vkr h g SA

'kk lu u s d qN x jhc h mUewy u d s d k;ZØe izk jaHk fd, gSa t k s x zkeh .k {ks= ksa e sa

d ke d s vol j i zn ku d j jgs g SaA osru &j kstx kj d k;ZØe vkf n ok lh ? kj ksa d k s j kstx kj

fe ysA fQj Hkh ,sl s d k;ZØek sa esa fu /kZu rk x zke h.k f u /kZur k ij d ksbZ izHk ko'kky h vl j fd;k

gSA ;g d kS' ky d h deh] 'kS{kf.k d vkSj rdu h d h t ku d k jh d h deh d s d kj.k gSA

vkfn okf l;ksa d k s vf /k d ka'k r% d k e l ax f Br {ks= ksa esa g h fe yrk gS tg kaa d ksb Z lke kftd

l qj{kk t Sl h ph t u gha gSaA

vkfn okl h x Sjd `f" k {ks= d h x f rfof/k;ksa ij v f/kd f u HkZj d j r s gSa D ;ksaf d

dP ps ek y d h miyf C/k gS d kS'ky i kfj okfjd eku o 'kfD r gS ck t kj d h ig qap g S] lap kj

O;oLFk k gS f dUr q ' kkld h; lg k;r k d k;ZØeksa d h deh gSA vkf n okl h ef gyk vk sa d k

vd `f" k {ks= esa ;ksx n ku vR ;ar v Yi g SA xSjd f" k {ks= esa i zn k;&l ao /kZu esa db Z leL;k ,a g S

K k u d h de h] mf pr fou i.k u lqf o/kk vksa d h deh] foÙ k d h deh] dP ps e ky d h leL ;k]

ek ax d h deh] mfp r lap kj O ;oLF kk d h deh] l ax fB r {k s= l s izf r Li) kZ] l e; d h de h]

V sD u ksy kt h d h deh ] l koZt fu d l qf o/k k d h deh] vk Sj izf 'k{k.k d h deh vk fn A

c L rj dh f 'k Yidy k %&c L rj dh f 'k Yidy k %&c L rj dh f 'k Yidy k %&c L rj dh f 'k Yidy k %&

c Lr j d h f'k Yidy k or Ze ku esa d s oy N Ù khl x< + vk Sj Hk kj r o" kZ esa gh u gha

cfYd fo' o esa viu h vy x igp ku cuk p qdk gSA cLr j dk vkfn okl h lek t vkt Hkh

viu h b l l kaLd `f rd /k j ksgj d ks cu k, j[ k s g q, gSaA f 'kYidyk bl { ks= d s tu t k fr;k sa

d s t hod ksi kt Zu d k ,d izeq[ k vk /kkj gSA jk T; 'k klu Hk h bl {ks= esa f 'kYidyk m| k sx

d ks c< +kok n su s d s fy , cM+ s iSe ku s ij u ;s d sU n zksa d h 'kq:vkr d ju s d s l kFk &l kFk mUg sa

vu qn ku Hk h i zn ku d j jg h gSA bl d k eq[ ; mn ~ns'; tu t kfr ;ksa d h dyk d ks t h for

j[ ku s d s lk Fk&l kFk mu d ss d k;Z d k mfp r i kf jJf ed fn yku k Hk h gSA b lds ifj. kke

Lo:i vkt f' kYid yk m| k sx e sa d k;Zj r tu t kfr;ksa d s l k ekf td&vkf FkZd t h ou esa

O;k id ifj or Zu n s[ kk tk ld r k gSA

c Lr j {ks= e sa eq[ ;r% d k "B f' kYi vkSj /kk r q f'kYi f o'ks" k :Ik l s izf l) g SA

;g ka ? kj sy w mi;ksx d h oLr qvksa Qu h Zpj vkfn esa tu t k rh; laL d `fr d ks md sj k t kr k gSA

b l {ks= d s tu t k fr ;ksa d h d k"B dyk vkSj /k kr qdyk d h e kax iwj s n s'k esa g SA

f'k Yidy k esa i wj s n s'k esa viu h ig p ku j[ k us ok ys cL r j d s vkf n ok l h

vu sd i z; Ru ksa d s c kn Hk h vkt 'kk s" k.k ls eqD r u gha gk s Ik k;s gSaA LF kku h; L r j i j l sB ]

l k gwd k j ksa d s } k j k bu d s Je d k mfp r i kf jJf ed u gh a fn ;k t kr k g SA mu dh

dyk d `fr;kW LF kku h ; L rj ij l Lr s n j ksa e sa [ kj hn h t kr h gS] vkSj cM+s ' k gj ksa esa db Z x qu k

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i ku k g SA i;kZIr ek= k esa dP p s ek y d h vki wf r Z u gk s i ku s d s d k j.k b u d k d k; Z i zHkkf or

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b l d k;Z esa yx s g q, tu t kr h; if j okj ksa d h l kekftd&vkfF kZd fLFk fr d k v/;;u

mfp r i zr hr g ksr k gSA

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viu k l k eat L; LFk kfi r d ju s d s fy , l a? k" kZj r gSA vkf n ok lh {k s= ksa e sa m| k sxk sa d h

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eqvkot k vkfn lHkh fN u x ;k gSA mUgsa c sj kst x kj h d k l ke uk d ju k iM+ jgk gS rF kk

c kgj l s vk ;s Jf ed ksa d s l kFk Hkh i zfr;ksfx r k d j uh iM+ j gh gSA vk S| ksx hd hdj.k d s

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Jfed k sa d s :i es a vkfn okl h yksx ksa d ks d ke f e yk A dbZ yk sx r ks n qx kZi qj ¼if 'pe cax k y½ ]

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vkSj vu qHko d s vk /kkj ij c kgj h y ksx ksa d ks izkF kfe d rk nh x bZA bl l s LFkk u h; yk sxksa e sa

c sd kj h , oa fu j k' kk i Sn k g qbZA

vkfn okl h {k s=ksa e sa m| ks x ksa d h LFk kiuk d s d k j.k mu esa x fr' khy rk c< +h gS]

vkSj vkfn okl h y ksx viu s Lor a= L oN an ,oa 'k kar okr k oj.k d ks NksM+d j vkf FkZd ykHk

mB kus , oa l qf o/kk vk sa d k s i zkIr d ju s ds fy , vk S| ksf x d dsUn zksa e sa c l x , g Sa] bu {ks= k sa e sa

jg us l s os ,d u bZ vFkZO ;oLF kk l s t qM+ x ;s g Sa] mu d s [ kku &ik u ] jg u&lg u vk Sj th ou

Lr j esa ifj or Zu vk; k gSA tc os i qu % viu s ewy f u ok l ij yk SV rs gSa] r ks os fHkUu Js.kh

d s yksx cu t kr s gSaA b l izd k j d k t hou vkf n ok fl;ksa e sa vk d" kZ.k i Sn k d j n sr k g SA

b l l s u x j ksa esa i zokl c< +k gSA x kaoksa l s u xj ksa d h vksj iyk;u d s d k j.k tu t krh;

le qnk; V wV us yx s g SaA

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le ;c) d k;Z d ju k gk sr k gS] tcfd vkf n oklh ig ys LoN an t h ou d s vkfn Fk s] le ;

d h d k sbZ i kc an h u g ha Fk hA vk fn okl h viu s eu k sj atu d s fy , l axh r] u`R; ,oa de u 'k hyh

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vkfn okl h yM+fd;k a x Hk Zor h gks x ;h aA bu yM+f d; ksa d h l k ekftd fLFkfr fodV gk s x ;h]

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gk su k iM+kA

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;ksx n k u fn ;k gS] os viu s ij a i j kx r ewY;k sa o ek U;r kvksa d s L Fkku i j u ohu ewY;ksa]

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yk sx ksa d s l kFk j g jgs g SaA fdUr q mu d k ogka l eqfp r r k y&esy u g ha gqvk gS] mu e sa

l k ekU; l k>sn k j h d s LF kku i j ru ko , oa l a? k" kZ iu ik g SA db Z vkS| k sfx d u xj rk s

j ktu hfrd xf rfof/k;k sa d s d sUn z Hkh cu x ; s g SaA

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^ ^fg Un q v kn 'k Z^^^ ^fg Un q v kn 'k Z^^^ ^fg Un q v kn 'k Z^^^ ^fg Un q v kn 'k Z^^ , oa ^^ bZl kb Z vk n 'kZ^ ^^^ bZl kb Z vk n 'kZ^ ^^^ bZl kb Z vk n 'kZ^ ^^^ bZl kb Z vk n 'kZ^ ^ jgk gSA bl ifj or Zu ds d kj.k tu t kr h; ,d rk

le kIr g qbZ vk Sj mu d h i j ai j kx r t hou /kkj k e sa mF ky&i qFky g qbZ gSA tu t krh ; l aLd `fr

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l aL d `fr&l aØe .k ds n k Sj l s f u dyd j mRifj or Zu d s n kSj esa py h xbZ gS] vkSj if j orZu

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i zd kj l s vkS| ksfx d t hou d s lEid Z esa vkbZ ;k r ks os vkS| ksfx d {ks= ksa e sa L Fkk u kUrj h r gks

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l al k/ku ksa t Sl s d ks; yk] yksg k] bLi kr e sa vR ;a r laiUu i k;s x ;s gSa] rFk k vU; [ kfu t

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tu t k fr;ksa d h u x j h; tu la[ ;k LF kkf ir g qbZA

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cLr j + d s eq[; g Lrf' kY ik sa d ks fu Eu ku ql kj of.kZr fd;k t k ld r k gS%&

? k M+ok f”k Yi ¼c sy e sV y ½? k M+ok f”k Yi ¼c sy e sV y ½? k M+ok f”k Yi ¼c sy e sV y ½? k M+ok f”k Yi ¼c sy e sV y ½ ? k M+ok dy k d k f od k l izpfy r e kU;r k d s vu qlkj vkfn d k y l s gSA bl

dyk d s mn ~Hko d s ck j s esa fd on afr i zpf yr gS] mld s vu ql kj cgqr ig ys vk fn d ky e sa

,d vkf n ek u o jg r k F kk ft ld k th ou vkfn eku oksa d h r jg f” kdkj ij vk fJr Fkk A og

vd syk F kk ml s viu s ek a&c ki d h t ku d kj h u gha Fkh A f”kd k j d jr s g q, ,d xqQk esa

vd sy s jgu s y x kA mlu s ,d fn u igkM+ i j vk x y x h n s[ k h] mRl qdr ko”k og og ka pyk

x ;kA mls vkx esa ls cg d j te h ,d oLr q fe yh ft ls mB kd j og viu h xqQ k esa y s

vk;kA ml oL r q d h vk d `fr l s og e ksfg r Fk kA ml s mld s i zfr vl he y x ko l k gk s

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d j l kQ d jus l s mlesa ped vku s y x hA ml s vk fn ek u o dks l Qkb Z d h t kx :d rk

c< +h] vk Sj og Lor% l kQ l Qkb Z l ss j gu s y xk A d qN fn uksa c kn t axy d s vU;

vkfn e ku oksa u s ml s n s [ kk vkSj iwN k f d rqe ge ls d Sl s l qUnj gksA rc ml igys

vkfn e ku o u s cr k ;k fd ; g t k x :d r k mlesa bl o Lr q l s vkb Z gSA ;gh esj s if j or Zu

d k d kj.k gSA tc yk sx ksa u s ,sl h oLr q d h ml ls ekax d h r c ml vkfn eku o u s mlh

LF kku i j t kd j oSl h gh oLr q d h [ kkst d ju s yx k A ml s /k kr q ds u hp s n hed d k V hyk

fn [ kb Z f n ;kA ftle sa vkx ls fi? ky k gqvk n zo ted j vk d `fr cu xb Z Fk hA ml us cgqr

/;ku l s n s[ kk vkSj ogka e/kqe D[ kh d k N Ùkk Hkh ik ;kA ml d s eu efL r"d e sa ;s o Lr q, a

te l h x b ZA mlu s /kkr q d s V qdM+s t Sl h oLr q y kd j yk sx ksa d ks n h A vk Sj dgk eSau s b l s ek a

d h r jg i zse fd;k gS] r qe Hkh bl s eka d h r jg eku ksaA ml s ig y s ek u o } kj k e ka d h L i"V

vkd `fr cu ku s d k iz;kl fd ;kA og viu s i fj oa”k d s i zk f.k ;ksa d ks Hkh dyk&f ”kYi d s

ek /;e l s Lo:i n sr k py k x ;kA bl r jg og c k? k ] Hkkyw] fg j.k] d qÙ kk ] [ kjx k”k] u kx ]

dN qvk] eN yh] i{kh ] x k ;] cd j k] can j vk fn d h vkd `f r;ka x < +r k jgk vk Sj /k hj&/khj s

mle sa e ku o d h eka d s :i esa mlu s "Mk sd j h ek a" d h dy kd `fr cu kb Z vk Sj eka d h

vkd `fr x <+d j y ksx ksa d k s n sr k jgkA d kykar j esa "Mk sd j k c kck" d s :i esa f ir k d s

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:i esa ifj ofr Zr g ksr h jghA vkSj deZd ksyk r kn ks] ewy d ksyk r kn ks] Hk Sjen so] Hkh ekn so] j kt k j ko

n so] n ars”oj h n soh] ekr k n soh] i jnsl h u e krk] fgaXy kftu nsoh] d ad k fyu ekr k] vkfn dh

d `fr; ka cu r h jg hA

? k M+ok f”k Yi fu e kZ.k izfØ;k 12 pj.kksa l s x qtju s d s ck n ,d /kk rq f”kYi

d h d `fr fuf eZr g ksr h g SA bl f”kYi d s vUr xZr d kyh feV~Vh ] /k ku d k Hk wl k] u nh fdu kj s

d h fe V ~Vh] :bZ] j sr hyh feV ~Vh ] Msax wj ¼n he d½ d h feV ~Vh rFkk d kal k , oa i hry d k

mi;k sx ewfr Z;ksa d s fu ekZ.k esa fd; k t kr k gSA

1- l oZ izF ke [ ksr l s d ky h feV ~V h vkSj /kku d s Hkwl s d ks fey kd j d wV u ¼l kapk ½ vkd kj

cu k fy ;k t k r k g S fQj ml s /k w i ;k vk x l s r ki i j l q[ k;k t k r k g SA

2- vkd `fr d s vP N h rjg ls l w[ k t ku s ij ml esa [ kf M+;k x h yh fe V ~V h d ks vP N h rjg

x waFk d j n wl j h i j r pM+kb Z t kr h gSSA :b Z&f eV ~Vh d h i j r l w[ k us d s c k n ml i j [ ki js]

gaMh d s V qdM+s ;k Q kbZ l s f? kld j fpdu k cu k;k t kr k gSA

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j ax vf/kd f u dyr k gks ml vk d `fr d s Åi j f? k l k t krk gSA

4- tc vkd `fr l w[ k t kr h gS rd ekse d s ir ys &iry s j s” ks r kj cu kd j vkd `fr d s Åi j

fofHkUu i zd kj l s iP p hd kj h d j mHkkj k t krk gSA ekse ls g h ml vkd `fr d k Jax k j fd;k

t kr k g SA b ld s c kn N ku h g qbZ [kf M+;k f eV ~Vh esa d ks;y s d s e fgu N us gq, i kmMj ;k

x ksc j d ks fe ykd j mD r vk d `fr d s Åij g Yd s l s y si p< +k ;k t kr k gSA l w[ ku s ij

"igk V k fe V ~V h" ¼n he d feV ~V h½ vk Sj /kku d s Hkwl s d k s fey kd j mld s Åi j y si d j fn ;k

t kr k gSA bl ysiu d s } k Sjku vkd `fr d s fl js ij i hry] d kal k < ykbZ d s fy, ,d N sn

N ksM+k t kr k gSA l w[ k pqd h vk d `fr vkSj n ks r hu izfØ;kvksa l s x qt jr h gSA b lds ckn

fi? k yk gqvk i hry] d kal k < ykb Z d s f y, N sn N ksM+k t kr k gSA vkx e sa idu s ij ekse

fi? k y d j okf" ir gk sd j mM+ t kr k gSA ,oa ml d k LFkk u f i? kyk gqvk i hry] d kal k y s

ysr s gSaA vkd `f r tc vk x esa id t kr h gS r ks ml s /khj s&/kh j s r k sM+d j Åij d h f eV ~Vh

vyx d j yh t kr h gSA

lu ~ 1960 e sa cLr j esa n aMd kj.; ifj;kstu k ds vUrx Zr iwoZ cax k y l s vk,

'kj .kkf FkZ;ksa d k i qu okZl d j cLr j d s f of HkUu {ks= k sa esa cl k;k x ;kA ml h ifj;kstu k d s

vUrx Zr fof HkUu ox Z d s deZp kf j;ksa@vf/kd kf j;ksa d s fy , cL r j d s f of Hk Uu vapyk sa e sa

mu d s f y, d k;k Zy ; [ k ksys x ,A d k saMkx kao es a Hk h i zeq[ k iz” kkl fu d dk ;kZy; Fkk A mlh

ifj;kstu kvk sa d s vf/kd k fj;ksa } k j k cLr j {ks= d s xzk eh. k tu t hou d k l osZ{k .k fd;k

x ;kA b lh c hp Lo0 Jh fl jeu c?k sy d k ? k M+ok f ”kYid kj ds :i esa p;u fd;k x ;kA

lu ~ 1961&62 esa Jhe r h l j kstu h u k;Mw n aMd kj. ; if j;kstu k ds ,d d k; kZy; Hkou dk

mn ~?k kVu djus c Lr j vkb Z gqb Z Fkha] ml h le; ofj"B f” kYih Jh fl jeu c? ksy d k

l j kstu h u k;Mw } kj k lEeku fd; k x ;k A ml d k;ZØe e sa Hkk x y su s v k;s fofHkUu 'kg j ksa]

j kT;k sa d s vf/k d kfj;k sa] j ktuh frK ksa d k s ;g K kr gqvk fd cLr j esa izk p hu r duhd h ij

vk/kkf j r ? kM+ok /k kr q f”kYi db Z l fn ;k sa l s fo|e ku g SA ;g ka d h ? kM+ok dy k d ks e ksgu

t ksn M+k sa vk Sj gM+Ii k l aL d `fr l s r qyu k dj r s gq, bl f”kYi d k i zpk j izl kj djus d s f y,

c Lr j d s fof HkUu x zke h.k {ks= e sa f u ok l j r ? kM+ok /kkr q f ”kYid kj ksa d k l osZa{k. k fd;k x ;k A

mld s d qN o" kksZa c kn l u ~ 1965&66 esa Lo0 Jhe r h dey knsoh pV ksi k/;k; Hkh cLr j

Hkze .k d j u s vkb Z gqb Za F khaA ml l e; Lo0 Jh fl jeu c? ksy d h Hk s aV mu l s gqb ZA mld s

c kn ? kM+ok /kkr q f ”kYi d h l kexzh 'k klu } k jk Ø; d h t ku s yx h vkS j j k"V ª h ; i q:"dkj

gsr q ?kM+ok dy k d ks lEek fu r d ju s d h 'k q:vkr d h x b ZA lu ~ 1965 e sa Lo0 e ku hd

¼tx n y iqj½ d ks ? kM+ok /kkr q f”kYi esa i zFke ckj j k"V ª h; iq:"dk j ls lEe kfu r fd;k x ;k A

b ld s i' pk r lu ~ 1970 esa Jh l q[ kpan ] x zke l ksu kc ky d ks j k"V ªh ; iq:"d kj l s lEe kfu r

fd;k x ;k vk Sj bl d s ckn l u ~ 1977 esa Jh t;n so c? k sy d ks aMkx k ao d ks j k "Vª h; i q:"d kj

l s l Eekf u r fd;k x ;kA ? k M+ok d yk d s i zpk j izl kj esa L o; a t;n so c? ksy u s n s”k fon s”k

esa izn ”k Zu h vk;k sft r d h A lu ~ 1978 e sa ek L d ks ¼: l ½ esa vk; ksft r d h x b ZA /khj s&/khj s

Hkk j r ds vf rfjD r fon s”kk sa esa Ld kV y S.M] bV yh] t k iku ] vesfjd k ] vkLV ª sfy; k] gkax d kax ]

fl ax ki qj] c Sad kd vk fn esa f ”kYi izn f ”kZr d jus d k d k;Z fd;k x ;kA mDr n s” kksa esa ogk a d s

j k"V ª h; l ax zgk y;ksa ,oa fo”o fo| ky ;ksa] dyk n w r kokl ksa vkfn eg Roi w .kZ L Fkk u ksa i j i zn ”kZu

gsr q j[ kk x ;kA cLr j d s fofHkUu {ks= ksa es a 1500 l s 2000 ? kM+ok f”k Yi h dyk d k i zn ”kZu

d ju s d s l kFk gh thfod ksi kt Zu ds ek/;e d s :i esa bl f o/kk l s t qM+s g SaA i wj s cLr j e sa

b l f ”kYi l s l acaf /kr ? kM+ok t k fr d s 40 l s 50 gt kj if j ok j dqy n ks l s < k bZ y k[ k

tu l a[;k c Lr j d s gSa] f u okl d j r s gSaA

? k M+ok tu t kfr i zkp hu d ky l s g h fofHkUu n soh nsor kvk sa d h e wfr Z;k sa x< +r s

vk jg s gSa] ft l ds d kj. k vkt i wj s fo” o esa b l dyk d ks vkf n ok l h dyk d s :i e sa

igp ku s t k u s yx k g SA b l dy k d h rdu h dh] vk d kj izd k j] Hk ko 'k Syh d h r qyu k e ksgu

t ksn M+k s o gM+Ii k l aL d `fr d s ln`”; g SaA b ll s ;g izr hr g ksr k g S fd ?k M+ok t kf r]

/kk r qf”kYi ls e wfr Z;ksa d k fu ekZ.k 'k q: ls d j r h vk jg h gSA /kkr q f”k Yi d s d k;k sZa esa l ay Xu

O;f Dr ;ksa d ks d ky kar j esa ewf r Z;ksa d ks x < +u s d s d kj. k gh l aHkor % ? kM+ok t k fr d h l ack l s

vfHkfg r fd; k x ;kA

c Lr j d k f eV ~V h f”kYic Lr j d k f eV ~V h f”kYic Lr j d k f eV ~V h f”kYic Lr j d k f eV ~V h f”kYi

c Lr j d k fe V ~Vh f”k Yi le `) ,oa fof o/k r ki w.kZ gSA vk fn okl h ds c hp jgu s

okys ;g ka d s f ”kYid kj d h l aLd `fr vkfn okl h l s fHk Uu u gha g SA ;g dgu k l oZFkk mf pr

gk sx k fd Je foHk ktu d s n kSj k u vkf n ok fl; ksa d k ,d 'k k[ k k d qEgkj d s :i e sa ifj ofr Zr

gk s x bZA b lf y, ;gka d s f ”kYi h tu t k fr;k sa d h vko” ;d r k d k s [ kwc le > rs g SaA

c Lr j d s feV ~V h f”k Yi esa vy ad `r g kF kh] ? kksM+s ] cSy ] eqfj;k ] ekfM+;k ] n soh

ewf r Z;ka] csan j h vk fn n s”k fon ”k e sa izn f” kZr g ksd j fo[;kr gq, gSaA c Lr j d s dbZ

f”k Yid k j ksa d k s n s”k d s i zfr" B kiw.kZ vk;kstu ksa vkSj fon s”kk sa esa vk;ks f t r eg ksRl oksa esa

vkeaf =r f d;k t kr k jg k gSA cLr j esa i kj ai fjd feV ~V h f ”kYi d s p kj i zeq[ k d sUn z gSa &

u x juk j] dqEgkji kjk ] dks.Mkx k ao , oa u kj k ;.ki qj vkSj ,M+d kA tx n yiqj ls 20 fd0eh 0

mM+hl k l he k ls y xs x kao d qEgk j ksa d s x kao gSA ;gh a d s d qEg kj ksa u s f on ”k ksa esa fe V ~V h f ”kYi

d ks n s”k f on s”k esa fo[;kr f d;k gSA ftu e sa o`an kou ] pan u fl ag dk u ke i zeq[ k gSa] t k s vc

fn oax r gk s p wd s gSaA b l s og ka f> r:j ke ] fy e/kj] /k u qtZ;] y fN a/k j] eg kn so] cfyg kj] ]

c qV hj ke ] cu f lag] 'k ad j] l kse /kj u k x ] Js"B f ”kYi h g SaA u b Z ;qok ih M+h esa f o| k/kj u kx]

fo| k lkx j] c ax qj ke] eg kn so] f eB qj k e vkfn f eV ~V h d s dyk d kj d ke esa yx s g q, g SaA

fe V ~Vh f” kYi ds c kj s esa i zpfyr f eFk dFkk d s vu ql kj Hkx oku us viu h

'kf D r ls ,d d qEg kj cu k;k] vk Sj ml l s dg k fd r qe f eV ~V h d s c r Zu cu kvksA d qEgkj u s

dg k& Hk x ok u eq> s l k/ku pk fg,A rc Hkx ok u fo".kq u s viu k l qn”kZu pØ] 'kad j u s

fi.Mh rFkk czEg us viu h tu sÅ n hA fo".k q ds pØ l s p kd cu k;k ] t u sÅ l s f eV ~V h

d kV us d h j Ll h rFk k 'k ad j d h fi.Mh l s pk d d h /kwj h cu h A b l r jg d qEgk j bu

l k /kuksa l s f”k Y i x < +r k jgk A

c l ar fu j x q. ks] u s viu h iqL rd "feV ~V h f”k Yi" e sa d qEHk fu ek Z.k ds ,d

fe Fkd d h pp kZ dj rs g q, dg k g S fd dk s.Mkx kao d s d qEgk j cu m j ke u k x l s f eyh

fe FkdF kk ds vu ql k j ,d gk Fkh ds f l j ij eFk h gqbZ d hpM+ d h eksV h rg fpid x b ZA

tc og l w[ k d j feV ~V h d h iiM+h d h r jg tehu ij fxj x bZA rc ml s vk fn e ku o

viu h > ksiM+h esa y s vk;k A la;k sxo”k > ksiM+h esa vkx yx x b Z vkSj og [ kIi j vk x esa ri

d j y ky gks d j id x ;k] cj l kr esa mlesa i ku h Hkj x ;kA vkf nek u o ml s n s[ kdj

pfd r gks x ;kA ml us mld k u k e d qEHk j[ kkA D ;ksaf d gk Fkh d s eLrd d ks d qEHk dgk

t kr k g SA b lh mid k j d s d kj. k c Lr j d s d qEg kj gkF kh d s i wt k d ju s yx s , oa mld h

ewf r Z cu kus d k izp yu g ks x ;kA

c Lr j esa ik ;h t ku s okyh f eV ~V h ewfr Z;ka cu ku s d h izfØ; k vfr i zkf pu g SA

b ld s fy , r ky kc] u ky k ;k [ ksr d h fe V ~Vh [ kksn d j y kbZ t k rh gSA fe V ~Vh d k s i Saj ksa l s

x wFk d j r S;kj f d;k t kr k gSA jsr f eykb Z t k r h gS] iqu % x wFk d j n wl j s f n u rd j[k

fn ; k t kr k gSA N ksV h ewfr Z;ka B ksl cu k bZ t krh g S] tcfd cM+h ewfr Z; ka iksy h cu k bZ t krh

gSA ewf r Z;ka cu k us e sa g kFk vkSj p kd n ksu ksa d k d k;Z gksr k gSA cLr j esa cu kbZ t ku s okyh

ewf r Z;ka mM +hl k e sa cu kb Z t k u s oky h V sj kd k sV k ewfr Z;ksa l s l kE; g SA gk Fkh] ? kksM+s] c Sy] u an h]

c san j h cu ku s d h rdu hd h l s i r k pyr k gS fd i zkp hu ek u o Hkh cSy vkSj c san j h d ks g kFk

l s x <+k gksxk A b lfy , ml lH;r k d h cM+h ls cM+h fe V ~Vh d h ewfr Z;ka B k sl vksj

otu n kj cu h gSaA

fe V ~Vh d s n soh d h ewf r Z;ka bZl k d s r hu l n h ig ys cu u s yx h Fk hA cLr j

esa lHk h tx g pfd;k] p wYgk] d ksaMh] < D du ] pkV w] fly ] c san j h] c Sy] ? kksM+k] g kFk h] eN y h]

x qfM+;k ] ewl k d s feV~V h d s f[ k ykSu s cu k, t kr s gSaA cr Zu ksa e sa x ksj ] eVd k] ? k? kjh ] d qaMj k]

du t h ] : [kh ] i jb Z] y{e h] fV y bZ fejfn ax ] u xj k] r qM+c qM+h] fV e d h] V ksMh ] gkaMh ] Hk katu k

l qj kgh ] vkf n c Lr j d s ik j aif jd i k= g SaA c L r j d s d qEg kj l e; d s vu ql kj ikj aifjd

f”k Yi d s l kFk ekax d s vu q:i dyk Red x ey s] , s”k V sª] i su LV saM] n hokj i j y x k;s t ku s

okyh Msd ksj sfV o l k ex zh , oa y Sai vkf n cu k u s y x s g SaA

V sj k d ksV k vF kkZr feV ~Vh f”kYi d s fy, ",M+ d k" u kj k ;.ki qj l s 30&35

fd0e h0 d h n wj h i j ,d N ksV k lk x kao g SA tax y d s c hp bl x kao esa d qEgkj ksa d s 30&35

? kj gSaA f tu esa 4&5 ? kj ksa esa fe V ~V h d s f o”k ky vy ad `r gkF kh cu k, t kr s g SaA Jh n sou kFk

d qEgk j us b lesa d k Qh [; kfr vft Zr d h gSA 35 o" kh Z; jks”ku yky vk Sj cg kn wj us Hk h n s”k

d s i zfr"B ki w.kZ vk;k stu ksa e sa viu h mifLF kfr n t Z dh gSA txn yiqj d s d qEgk jikj k esa

20&25 ? kj d qEgkj ksa d s gSaA ;g d qEgk j ioZ R; kSgk j ksa ij vu q"B kf u d i'k q nsoh n sor k vksa d h

ewf r Z;ka cu kr s gSaA bu i zeq[ k dsan zk sa d s v ykok cL r j e sa n Ur sok M+k ] d qEgk j jkl ] rqeu kj]

HkSje x <+] d wd k u kj] d ksd kc kM+k] d j.k iqj] Mks< +h yqg kj] dkad sj esa i aMj hi kuh d j .k] fej h ikj k]

l k ryksV k] dUg u iqj h ] nsoj h] /ku l sj k vkf n e sa jg u s okys d qEgkj Hkh i kj aif jd d k ;Z d jr s

gSaA

or Zeku esa cLr j d s f eV ~Vhf ”kYi d h ekax fn u ksa&fn u c< +r h t k jgh gS]

ft l ls u x ju kj] dk s.Mkx kao] ,M+d k d h dyk Re d oLr qvksa d h ek ax vf /kd g SA Vsj k d ksV k

d s mUu ;u esa N 0x 0 gLr f”kYi f od k l fu xe t xn yiqj ] “kc j h ,Eik sfj;e] f ”kYid kj ksa

d h l rr lg k;rk d jr k jgk gSA "l kFk h" uk ed Lo;a l soh l aLF kk lHk h bl {ks= e sa

eg Roi w.kZ Hkwf ed k fu Hkk jgh gSA

yk Sg f” kYiyk Sg f” kYiyk Sg f” kYiyk Sg f” kYi

c Lr j d s ykSg f”k Yi d h viu h fof”k "V , oa le`) ijai j k gSA df r;ksa d s

fu e kZ.k gsr q < ykb Z fof/k u gha vfi r q fiV kb Z d h fof /k viu k bZ t kr h g SA bl esa yk sgs d k s

HkV ~V h esa x e Z d jd s ml s i hV &ih V d j bfP N r vkd `fr i zn ku d h t kr h g SA

yk Sg f ”kYi d s mn ~Hko d s c kj s e sa d ksb Z izpf y r vo/k kj.kk u gha g SA cf Yd

yk sgkj t kfr d s y ksx ksa u s c Lr j d s y kSg v;L d ksa d k s xy kd j y ksgk cu k u k l h[ k f y;k Fkk

ft l ls os l qj{k k ds gfFk;k j , oa d `f "k d s vk St kj f”k d kj d jus d s fy , i z; qD r oLr qvksa d s

fu e kZ.k e sa d j r s jg r s Fks A d kyk ar j esa n Sfu d t hou d s o Lr qvksa esa n hid] l k ady] cM+x h]

fl d jk] d kV k] fpV dqyh x qt j h] f =”kwy] Hkky k] c jN h ] c an wd] N qj k vk Sj d qYg kM+h vkfn

cu ku s y x s FksA y ksgk jksa u s viu h dy k fi z;r k d s rgr y ksd n soh n sor k d h :i kd`fr

cu ku k i zk jaHk d j fn ;k f t lesa T;kn k r j okg u cu k;s t kr s FksA j ke n so d k ? kksM+k cu k;k

d j r s F ksA ft ld s d ku u gha cu r s FksA fl d j k r h u izd kj d s cu r s F ks] f t le sa d ikV

fl d jk] f cyk bZ fld j k vkSj d kVk fl d jk gk sr s F ksA d k V k fld j k n soL F ky ij j[ ks t kr s

gSa] fpV d qyh ct kus d s f y, i z; qDr gk sr h gS vk Sj x qt jh n soh d ks n sox qM+h ij j[ k k t krk

gSA

yk Sg f ”kYi d s bu ik j a if j r izk :iksa vk Sj d k;k sZa d s l k Fk vkt c kt k jksa esa

fofHkUu ewf r Z;ka vkd" kZd n h iad j] , oa dykd qfr Z;ka u t j vk r h gSa f t lesa fg j.k] c Sy]

f”k d kj h ? kksM+k] fpfM+;k] vkn eh vk fn cu k ;s t k r s g SaA y kSg f”k Yi esa ? kqM+l okj ] x .ks”k d h

ewf r Z;ksa d s lk Fk n hiL raHk cu k;s t krs g SaA bu vkd `fr ;ksa esa mu d h i j ai j kvksa d ks lg st k tk

jg k g SA y kSg f” kYi d s f”kYid kj bu f ”kYi ksa e sa f of o/k L o:i n su s vk jg s g SaA f gj.kksa d s

l hax ksa d k s mesaB d j l aqn j vkd `f r ds l kFk nhi Lr aHkk sa e sa vf/kd vk d" kZd vkd `fr ;ksa d k

le kos”k l q[ kn k ;h g SA

yk Sg f ”kYi d s fy , i qjku k dP pk yksgk bLr seky fd;k t kr k gSA ? kj d s

i qj kus vu qi; ksx h yk sgs d s V qdM+s l ke kU;r% x kao&? kj ksa esa] ckt k j ksa e s a ;k dc kM+ [ k ku s l s

lg t gh izkIr g ks t kr s gSa] mUg sa HkV ~V h d s vk ap esa ri kd j gF kSM+h l s ih V k t k rk gSA

ft l ls [ kj kc ij rsa > M+ t kr h gSa b l l s yksg k 'k q) vk Sj u je g ks t k r k gS b ld s ckn

eu pk gh oLr q cu k y h t kr h gSA

d k" B d k" B d k" B d k" B f”k Y if”k Y if”k Y if”k Y i dyk ] ij ai j k dh e ksgr kt u gha gksr h] og r ks ek u o d h dykRe d

vfHkO;f Dr d k i zfr Qyu g SA i jaij k ,a mUg sa 'kSy h i zn ku dj r h gSA e ku oh; Hk kou k,a

tc&tc ekf Lr"d d ks lt Zu k Red rk d h v ksj izsf j r d j r h gSa rc&rc u ;h &u ;h

dyk d `fr;ksa d k fu ekZ.k gk sr k gSA

;g Hk h lR; g S fd lt Zd d s g kFk ksa d h l rr ~ l k /k uk mls dy k d s ee Z , oa

l k SUn ;Z dh dyk Red n `f"V ls vox r d j k r h gSA b lf y, d qN dykd k j tUe t kr vkSj

d qN d ykd k j lk/k u k l s cu r s gSaA

i kj aifjd dyk vk uqok af”k d r k d h rjg O;f Dr d s vk p j.k esa ?k qy fey

t kr h gS vk Sj ;gh dyk f u jar j ,d fn ” kk esa vxzl j gksr h gSA c Lr j d h d k"B dyk Hkh

bUgha c kj hf d;ksa l s x qtjr h fu jar j c <+r h t k jgh gSA cLr j dh yksd dy k i zn s”k gh ugha

vfir q n s” k Hkj eaas vx z.k h gSA ;gka d h d `fr;k a fon s”k ksa esa yk sdfiz;r k vf t Zr dj p qdh g SA

;g ka d h dk "B dyk ;g ka d s jgu s okys vk fn okfl ;ksa d h dy kRed vf Hk:fp , oa

i kj aifjd r k dks n ”kk Zrh gSA vkf n d ky l s pyh vk jg h feF kd ekU;rk vk sa l s f? kj k ;gk a

d k vkf n ok lh tu dyk d k s t hou d k vax ek u r k g S] b lf y, bu ds t h ou l an Hkk sZa d s

p ht sa l qjf{kr g SA

c Lr j esa d k"B dyk dk i zpy u vkf n d ky l s g SA eku o u s iRF kj d s ckn

ydM+h d ks lc l s ig ys viu h l qj{k k ds fy , viu k;k A gf Fk; kj d s :i esa ;gh ydM+h

/kh j s&/k hj s t h ou d k izeq[ k vax cu r h x ;h ftl i j mlu s l qan j csy &cqV s] Qwy & if Ù k;ka

vkfn dy kd `fr; ka md sj ha] vk Sj gfF k;kj esa yx s jg us ok yk ;g ydM+ h d k csaB mu d h

dyk Red vf Hk :fp d h fu ”k kuh cu x ;kA ?kj d s n j okt ksa] ck fM+;ks a rF kk n Sfu d t h ou esa

mi;k sx d h t kus ok yh ydM+h d h oLr qvksa d k s l qUn j vkd kj nsd j lt ku k ml us l h[k

fy ;k F kkA

ek u o esa l k San ;Z c ks/k tUet k r gksr k g S] mls l qUn j p htsa vP N h yxr h g SA

tc e u q"; c ky l aokj u k l h[ kk r ks ml s da? k h dh vko”;d r k g qbZ gksx hA mlus ydM+h ds

n kar ksa d ks cka/k d j d a? k h cu k u k l h[ kkA vkt Hk h ? kksV qy d h ln L; k d ks p sf yd } kj k n h

x b Z d a? kh ydM+h d h gh g ksr h g S] t ks l qUn j vk Sj d ykRed gk sr h gSA ydM+h d s gfF k;kj

d s ckn ;g ka d s vk fn okfl ;ksa esa d `f " k l acaf /k vkSt k j ksa esa viu h dy kRe d es/kk d k Hkjiwj

i z;ksx d j g y] d qn kyh ] c Syx kM+h rFk k vU ; oL r q, a cu kbZA

c Lr j d h d k"B dyk d h i j ai j k d ks n s[ k us ij i r k pyr k g S fd vk neh u s

lc l s igys n soh n sor kvksa d k v adu ydM+h esa fd; kA ? kksV qy d s ch p e sa x M+u s okyk [ kac s

¼Lr aHk ½ e sa vafd r n soh n sor kvk sa d h vkd `f r mYy s[ ku h ; g SA b l h i zd kj d k" B dyk esa

fu f eZr n soh n sor k vk sa e sa vkax k n so , oa Hkh ek n so i zeq[ k gSaA ;g ka e`rd Le`fr Lr aHk d h

i j aij k g S] ft l ij fofHk Uu dy kd `fr mRd h. kZ d h t kr h gSA nar sokM+k ekx Z esa cgqr i qj kuh

ydf M+;ksa d h l qUn j dyk d `fr;ksa l s i w.kZ] e`rd L r aHk n s[ k s t k l d r s gSaA

;g ka d s vkfn okf l;ksa esa u ed d s c kn t ks oL r q fi z; gS og g S rEc kd wA ; s

rEc kd w j[ kus d s fy, f ofHk Uu izd k j d h dykRe d p qu kSV h cu kr s g SaA ydM+h d s eq[ kkSV s

rF kk f[ kykSus cu k u s d h ij ai j k Hkh g SA ;s eq[ kkSVs vkd" k Zd gksr s gSa] ftUg sa y xk d j el[ kj k

u r Zdk sa d s c hp u kp r k gSA tx n yi qj u x j dk"B dyk d k d sUn z fc an q cu x ;k g SA b ldh

'kq:vkr Mkaf l ax d sD V l l aLFkk d s Lo0 v:. k x qg k u s d h Fk h] vkt ;g dyk O;ol k;

d k : i y s pqd h gSA

or Zeku esa yd M+h d s x .k s”k] egk Hkkjr d h x hr k min s”k e wfr Z] n ”kgjk d s

n `”;] e kfM+;k ur Zd] tu t k rh; t hou 'k Syh d h vkd" kZd d `fr ;ka Qu hZp j esa d k"B

md sju s d h dyk d k izpyu py iM+k gSA ekax d s vu ql kj ;g ka d s d k"B dy kdkj

fofHkUu d `f r;ka cu krs g SaA c Lr j dh ekSfyd d `f r;ka ydM+h i j cu s t h ou 'k Syh d h

d `fr; ka g Sa] f tu d h e kax fu jar j cM+r h t k jgh gSA vke r kSj i j ;g ka d h d k"B d `fr;ka

l k xkSu , oa f l ou k d h ydM+h l s cu r h gSaA dH k h&dHkh g Yn w d k i z;ksx Hkh d j r s g SaA

c kac kac kac ka alalalal f ”kYif ”kYif ”kYif ”kYi

cLr j d h viu h ck al d h f 'kYid kj h d h ,d /ku k< ~; i jEi j k gSA pV kb Z; ka]

V ksd fu ;ka] f'k d kj vkSj eN yh e kjus d s vkSt k j] [ ksr h ds vkSt k j vkf n ck al l s cu k , t kr s

gSA c Lr j esa c kal k s d s > qaM ,d l kek U; n `'; gSA ;gka d s vkfn ok l h tu t k rh; yk sx ksa d s

gL rf'k Yiksa d k d k S'ky l s fofHk Uu u ewu ksa d ks&c kal l s cu h p ht ksa d k s] n s[ k rs gh cu rk g SaA

n Sfu d mi;ksx d h pht sa vk Sj lt koV h] vk d" kZd] dyk Red p ht sa bu f'kYid kj k sa } kj k

cu k, t kr s gSaA c kal l s cu h p ht ksa es vf /k d yksdf iz; mRik n u & d `f" k vkSt kj] eN yh

idMu s d h p ht s a] f'k d k j d s vkSt kj vkSj V ksdfu ;ka vkfn g SaA

d ksl k f ” kYid ksl k f ” kYid ksl k f ” kYid ksl k f ” kYi

cLr j d ksl k flYd ¼Vl j½ ds mRi kn u d k i zeq[ k dsUn z gSA b l js” ke l s /kkx k

fu d kyus l s ysd j cqu kbZ d r kb Z vkSj j ax kb Z d k d k ;Z ;g h ij gksr k gSA bl ls eq[; :i

l s diM+s o l k fM+;ka cu r h g SA g Fkd j? kksa l s fu feZr bl diM+s d h d kQh ekax jgr h gSA

b ld s vfrfj Dr c Sx ] x qy n Lr sa rF kk lt koV h l kek u Hkh d ksl s d s } kj k f u fe Zr gk sr k g SA

bld s vfrf jD r ik ’ kk. k f”k Yi ft l esa e wf r Z;ka vkf n cu kb Z t kr h g SA d kSM+h f”k Yi l s

lt okV h l keku rFkk n sox qM+h;k sa e sa mi ;ksx esa y k;s t ku s ok ys n sor kvk sa d s i ks”kk d vkfn

cu k;s t kr s gSaA l ok bZ ¼fl l y j Ll h½ l s Hkh vu sd mi;k sx h r Fkk ltkoV h oLr q, a cu kb Z

t kr h gSaA

v / ;; u d k m n~ n s” ;v / ;; u d k m n~ n s” ;v / ;; u d k m n~ n s” ;v / ;; u d k m n~ n s” ;

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l k ekf td vk fFk Zd fLF kfr d k ,d le kt“kk L= h; v/;;u g S A v/;;u d k i zeq[k

mn ~ns”; f u Eu fy f[ kr gS &

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d ks K k r d ju kA

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fn ;s t k u s ok yh l qfo/k kvksa vkSj dY ;k. k d s mik ; d k K kr d ju k A

3- N Ùk hlx <+ d s tu t k rh; {ks= k sa esa f ”kYid yk m| ksx d ks c< +kok nsu s ok ys mRi zsj d

d kjd ksa d k s K k r d ju kA

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5- tu t krh ; Jfed k sa d k m| ksx esa d k;Z d s lk Fk&l kFk viu h l aL d `fr esa l ayXu rk

d h fLF kfr d ks K k r d ju k A

6- cLr j d s f” kYidy k m| ksx d k ;Zjr tu tkrh; Jf ed ksa d s fy , d sU n z o j k T;

l jd kj } kjk fn , t ku s okys lg;k sx d k f o”ys" k.k d ju kA

mid Yi ukmid Yi ukmid Yi ukmid Yi uk

i zL r qr 'kk s/k v/; ;u d h midYi u k f u Eu gSa &i zL r qr 'kk s/k v/; ;u d h midYi u k f u Eu gSa &i zL r qr 'kk s/k v/; ;u d h midYi u k f u Eu gSa &i zL r qr 'kk s/k v/; ;u d h midYi u k f u Eu gSa &

1111 ---- f'kYidyk m| ksx esa d k ;Zjr tu t kr h; Jf ed ksa esa e fgy kvksa d h

l ke kftd&vkfF kZd fLF kfr iq:" k ksa l s csg r j gk s ld r h gSA

2222 ---- f”kYidyk m| ksx esa d k;Zj r iq:" kksa d h r qy u k e sa ef gyk vk sa d h d k ;Z l aca/kh

leL;k ,a vf/kd gks l d r h g SA

' k ks/ k d h v/ ; ;u i)f r' k ks/ k d h v/ ; ;u i)f r' k ks/ k d h v/ ; ;u i)f r' k ks/ k d h v/ ; ;u i)f r

d kyZ fi;l Zu ds vu ql kj ^^lR; d s fy, d ksbZ l af{k Ir ek x Z u gha g ksr k] l ai w.kZ fo'o

d k K ku i zkIr d ju s d s fy , oSK kf u d i)fr d s f l ok ; d ksb Z n wl j k j kLr k u gha gSA i zR;sd

'kk s/k d s d qN fu f'p r mn ~n s'; gk sr s gSa] bu mn ~n s';ksa d h i zkf Ir ds fy , y x u d q'ky

i zca/k] n wjn f 'kZr k ] f o'k s" k vu qHko rFkk ml d k; Z d s izfr K ku gksu k vk o' ; d gSA

vvvv ---- v / ;;u {k s= d k i fjp;v / ;;u {k s= d k i fjp;v / ;;u {k s= d k i fjp;v / ;;u {k s= d k i fjp;

Hk kj r d k N Cc hl oha j kT; N Ÿ kh lx<+] e/;izn s' k l s vyx d j 0 1 u oEc j 2000 d ks

LF kkfi r fd;k x ;k FkkA NŸ k hlx< + d h Hk kSxksfyd f LFkr h 17 ls 23-7 va'k mŸ kj v{kkal

vkSj 8-40 l s 83-38 va 'k iwohZ n s'kk al esa g SA N Ÿ kh lx <+ ig kM+h {ks= ksa vk Sj e Sn ku ksa d h

vf/kd r k fy , gq, g SA ;g kaa d h vkSl r okf" k Zd o" kk Z 60^^ gSA ;g ka d h eq[; [ kk| Qly

/kk u gaS b ld s mŸ kj e sa mŸ k jizn s'k j kT; mŸ k j iwoZ e sa > kj [ kaM j kT; i w oZ esa vksf M' kk] n f{k.k

i woZ esa vkU/kz izn s'k j k T; ] n f{k.k if 'pe e sa e gkj k"Vª vkSj if 'pe e sa e/; izn s'k j k T; g Sa

,d vkfn okl h cgqla[;d j kT;] t ks e q[;r% [ kfu t ksa vkSj ou k sa l s l EiUu gS] N Rr hlx< +

esa y x Hkx 35 cMsa vkSj N ksV s vkfn okl h tu t kfr;k a fu okl d j rh g SA

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gS D;ksafd b ld h fLF kfr ed j ds mŸ k j esa gSa eb Z ek g l cl s x je ekg gk sr k g SA vkSj

fn l Ecj&tu oj h ekg lc l s B aMs gksr s gSaA j k T; o" k kZ d s f y, iw . kZr%eku l wu h gokvk sa ij

fu Hk Zj d jr k gSA bl j kT; d h izeq[ k u n h ^^eg ku n h ^^ gSA j k T; d h vU; u fn ;k a

gS&f' kou kFk ] g ln so] ekaM] , s c] i Sj h] > ksad ] dy ks mn fUr ] bUn zkor h] vjik vk Sj ef u ;kj h

u n h A

yx Hkx 135194 ox Z fdy kseh V j {ks= e sa f oLr `r N Ÿk hlx < + j kT; e sa 18 f tys g SaA

¼ft yksa d h l a[;k c<+d j vc 27 gks x ;h g SaA ½ bu esa l s mŸ kj esa d k sfj;k ] l jx qt k vkSj

t'k iqj u xj mŸ k j e /; {ks= esa d k sjck ] fcykliqj] t katx hj] pkaai k vk Sj j k ;x <+ f tys gSa]

d oZ/k k] j k tukWan x k ao] n qx Z] j k ;iqj] /k erj h vkSj eg kle qan f tys e/; e sa vkSj d kad sj cLr j

vkSj nar sokM+k ftys n f {k .k esa gSA 2001 d h tu x .ku k ds vu ql kj NŸk hlx< + j kT; d h

d qy tu la[;k 2 -0795 d j k sM+ gSA ;g j k T; 30-49 i zfr'k r Hkwfe {ks= vkSj 26-6 Hkkx viu s

i Sr `d j k T; ^e/;i zn s'k^ l s i k;k g Sa b l j kT; esa 20]378 x zke gSA jkT; esa d qy rgl hyk sa

d h la[ ;k 146 gS vk Sj 146 tu in i apk ;r sa ; k f od k l [ kaM gS e /; izn s' k j k T; d s 465

'kg j ksa vkSj cfLr ;ksa es l s 95 'kg j vk Sj cf Lr;kW a vc N Ÿ khlx <+ j k T; esa gSA

N Ÿk hlx <+ j kT; esa tul a[;k dk ? ku Ro 154 O;f Dr i zfr fdy ksehV j gSA j kT; d s

e/; vkSj mŸ kj e /; {k s= e sa fLF kr fty ksa esa j kT; d h tu la[ ;k d k l cl s cM+k tul a[;k

/ku Ro n qx Z jk;i qj fty ks e sa gSaA t ks j k T; dh Ø e'k% 13 -6 vkSj 14-4 i zfr'k r g SA bu

n ksu ksa f tyksa &o" kZ 1991 d h t ul a[; k ds vu ql kj&rFk k f cy kli qj vkSj l jxqt k fty ksa e sa

j kT; d h 17 izf r'kr tu la[ ;k j gr h gSA 'kgj h tu l a[;k d k QSyko Hk h vyx &vy x

{ks= ksa e s a vyx & vyx g SA N Ÿ khlx <+ d s n ks fty ksa&j k;i qj vk Sj n qx Z esa j k T; d h 'k gjh

tu l a[;k d k 50 i zfr'kr f u okl dj rk gSA vU; fty ksa f cy kli qj vkSj j ktu kan x kWao d k s

N ksM+d j 'k gj h tu l a[;k d k ek = 6 izfr 'kr l s Hkh de Hkkx viu s e sa l esV s gq, g Sa ;g

tu l a[;k d h deh vkSj vf/kd gk s t k r h gS] tc ge n qx Z d ksf j;k j k;i qj vkSj fcyk liqj

fty ksa d h 'kgj hd j.k d h n j d k s n s[ k r s gS & t ks 20 i zfr' kr 1991 esa F khA

N Rr hlx <+ u s vfo HkD r e/;izn s'k j kT; d s 37 i zfr'k r vu wl wf p r t ut kfr ;ksa vk Sj

22 -3 izfr 'kr vu qlwf pr t kfr; ksa d s yk sx ksa d ks v iu s e sa vk Rel k r fd;k gqvk gSA vu qlwf pr

tu t k fr;ksa d qy tu la[ ;k l Rr kou yk[ k l s vf /k d d k j kT; d h d qy tu l a[;k d k 32 -

5i zf r'kr Hk kx gS&1991 d h tu x .ku k d s vu ql kj y x Hkx 98 -1 i zfr'k r yksx x zke h.k {ks= k sa

esa fu okl d jr s gS vkSj ek= 1-9 izfr' kr yksx g h 'kg jh N Rr hlx <+ e sa jg rs gSaA Hkkj r d s

cM+s j k T; ksa es a l s ,d N Rr hlx <+ d s ik l vu ql wfp r tu t kfr;ksa d k l ok Zf /kd izfr'kr gSA

vu ql wfp r tu tkf r;ka jkT; d s n f {k .k vk Sj mRr j iwohZ f tyksa esa d sfUn zr gSA nar sokM+k d s

u , ftys esa 79 i zfr'k r tu la[; k vk fn okfl ;ksa d h g S] tcfd cLr j ftys esa 67 i zfr'kr

vkSj t'ki qj 65 izf r'kr l jxqt k 57 i zfr'kr vkSj dk ad sj esa 56i zfr'kr vkf n okl h

tu l a[;k g SA

vkf n ok l h tu al [;k ns' k d h esa xk saM y ksx ksa d k 55-1 g ksd j] vf/k d re gSA os ns'k

d s ' kgj h vkSj x zke h.k {ks= ksa e sa le ku :i l s QSy s gq, g SA vk sjko] d aoj] g Yck] e kfM+;k

eqf j;k] Hkr j k vkSj u kx sfl;k Hkh vk fn okfl;ksa d h i ze q[ k t kfr ;ka g SA rhl vU;

vkfn okl h&vu ql wfp r v kfn okl h t k fr;k sa d s yks x N Rr hlx <+ d s vyx & vyx LFkk u ksa esa

QSys gSaA x ksaM yksx N Rr hlx < + d s n f {k. kh Hk kxksa e sa v iu k fu okl cu k, gq, gS f dar q os

vf/kd ka' k ftyk sa esa QSys gq, gS tcfd c Sxk] Hkkfj;k ] d ksj ok d soy d qN f o'k s" k LFkk u ksa ij

gh jg rs g SaA Hkr j k vkSj ijt k vf/kd r j c L Rk j vkSj dekj j k;i qj e sa g h jg rs gSA g Yck

t kf r cL r j ds Hkkx k sa e sa] j k ;iqj vkSj j k tu kan x kao e sa jgr s g SA vksj k o l jx qt k vkSj jk; x< +

fty ksa esa vkf n ok l h f u okl h gSA

j kT; esa 9500 xkao g S vFk kZr~ vk ck n xkaok sa e sa 48 i zfr'k r] f tu esa mu d h dqy

tu l a[;k d k vk/k s l s vf /kd Hkk x vkfn okl h tu t kfr;ksa d k gh gSA lHk h vkc kn x kaok sa

d h tu l a[;k e sa r hl i zfr'k r Hk kx vk fn okl h l ewg ksa d k gSA 1262 x kaok sa vFk kZr ~ 6-4

i zfr'kr vk ckn x kaok sa d h 'k r izf r'kr tu la[ ;k vkfn okf l;ksa d h gh Fkh A jk;i qj] nqxZ

vkSj t k atx hj&pk aik fty ksa esa vk fn okfl ;ksa d h tu la[ ;k e k= c hl izf r'kr ls Hk h de

gSA N Rr hl x <+ j kT; e sa d qy fe ykd j 42 vkf n ok l h t kfr;ka gSA f tu esa e q[ ; gS x k saM

t kf rA b lds vfr fjD r d e kj] fHk fVax okn ] HkSuk ] Hkr jk ] vksj k o] e qaMk] d l k j] gYc k] c Sxk]

l ak oj k ] dksn ok] Hkfj;k ] u x sf 'k;k] fc a> okj] [ kkf j;k vkSj /k u okj tu tkfr;ka Hkh N Rr hlx< +

j kT; e sa fu okl d j r h g SA

N Rr hlx <+ j kT; ou l al k/ku ksa esa cgqr l aiU u gSA jkT; d s l dy {ks= d k 44

i zfr'kr Hkk x ou ksa l s vk PN kfn r g SA N Rr hlx< + i wj s Hkk j r esa viu h ^l ky* ou l ain k ds

fy , izf l) gSA bl d s vfrf jDr l kxkSu ] c kal ] l k tk] l qjbZ vk Sj g Ynh Hkh izp qj ek=k e sa

i kbZ t k r h g SA r san qiRr k ]ft l d k mi;ksx fcM+h m| ksx esa f d;k t kr k gS] j kT; d s ,d

i zeq[ k ou mRikn gSA N Rr hlx <+ j k T; d s ouksa esa y ? kq ou ksit Hkh izp qj e k= kvksa e sa Hkh

i k, t kr s g SaA

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i zfl) g SA n qxZ]j k ;iqj] d ksjc k vkSj fcykl iqj ftys j kT; Hkj e sa vkS| ksfx d f od kl ds {k s=

esa vx z. kh fty s g SA f Hkykb Z bLi kr l a;a=] n qx Z f tys esa fLF kr gSA 1950 e sa f Hkyk bZ bLr ki

l a; = d h L Fkk iu k ds l kF k gh j k;i qj vkSj f Hk ykb Z {k s= ksa esa ,d cM+h J`[ ka yk esa foLr qr :i

m| k sxksa d h LFkk iu k gqbZA j k; iqj ftys d k s N ksV s vkSj cM+s l h esaV d h LFk kiu k gqb ZA jk ;iqj

fty s e sa N ksV s vk Sj cM+s l hesaV d kj[k kuksa d h vf/kd re l a[;k oky k ftyk g ksu s d h n qyZHk

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LF kkfi r fd, g SA d ksjc k ftys esa ,u -V h -i h-l h - vk Sj ,e-ih -b Z- ch } kj k L Fkk fir db Z fo|qr

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gSA vY;wehf u ;e vk Sj f oLQ ksV d Hkh d ksjc k fty s e sa d k j[ kku ksa esa cu r s g SaA j k T; e sa

vkS| k sfx d izx fr d s db Z d sUn z LF kkf ir gS tg k¡ < s+j l kjs vkS| k sfx d laLF kku vkSj bZdk bZ;k¡

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vkSj fl jfxV ~Vh ¼fcykliqj½ A

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c kal esa dy k Red f'kY i vkSj ydM +h vk/kk fj r mRi kn ik jE if jd :i l s cu k r s pys vk

jg s g SaA N Rr hlx <+ j kT; d s yksd^fp = ; gka d s y ksx ksa d s t hou d k s i zn f'k Zr d jr s g SaA o s

{ks= d s l kek ftd lkaL d f rd oSHko l s van :u h r j hd ksa l s t qMs+ gq, g SaA os d soy l t koV

d s fy, g h u gha g SA vfi r q os r k s /k kfeZd J)k d s Rofj r izn ' kZu Hk h gSA jkT; d s i zeq[ k

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yk Sg f” kYi] i k’ k k.k f ”kY i vk fn g SaA

ckal d s l ewgksa d k n `' ; j kT; e sa ,d l ke kU; ifjn `'; g SA jkT; d s vk fn okl h

viu h d kj hf x j h d k mi;ksx bu ij d j r s p ys vk jgs g SA N Rr hl x <+ d s vk fn okfl ;ksa d h

dyk d kj h d ks c kal d h mu d s } kj k cukb Z x b Z fofHkUu oLr qvksa l s ljy r k l s ns[ k h tk

ld r h gSA n Sf u d mi;ksx ksa d h p ht ksa l s ysd j l t koV h oLr q,aa Hk h bu f'kYid kj k sa d s } kj k

cu kb Z t k rh g SA c kal l s bu d s } kjk cu kb Z x bZ d qN oLr q, a t Sl s &d `f " k d s mid j. k]

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c Lr j f tyk p kj ksa fn 'k kvk sa esa pk j l aLd `fr l s f ? kj k g SA l h ek l aLd `f r l s

f? kjd j Hkh cLr j kapy viu s vkj.; d h l aLd `fr d h ,d vyx ig pk u n sr k g SA viu h

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c Lr j d s i zfr vkdf’ k Zr gksr s jg s g aSA ;g ka d k n 'kg j k vkSj xksap k ioZ viu s vki e sa

vf} r h ; gSA e kb Z nar s' oj h d k ojn gLr cL r j d k s izk Ir g SA vu sd c k sfy;k a] yksd u `R;

vkSj dy kvk sa d s f y, cLr j fo[;k r g SA ^^cLr j^^ u k edj.k ds l aca/k esa vyx &vy x

O;f Dr vyx &v yx er nsr s gSaA ,d fd oan r h ds vu ql kj d qN yksx ksa d k e r gS] fd

p kyqD ;k sa d h b’V n soh n ar s'oj h i zlUu g ks v Uu en so d ks y sd j mÙ kj fn 'kk d h vk sj izf LFkr

gqb Z vkSj ,d u ;s jk T; d h LF kkiu k ds f y, mUgksau s ,d f oLr `r {ks= i j viu k oL =

QSyk f n ;kA bl h dkj.k b l oL= tU; {ks= d k u ke oL= d k viHk za”k ^^cLr j ^^ i z[;kr

gk s x ;kA db Z y ksx ^^c ka l r jh^^ l s c Lr j 'kCn d h mRifr d k ftØ dj r s g SaA fdl h &f dlh

d h /kk j.kk g S fd foLr r Hkw& Hkx gksu s d s d k j.k foLr kj ' kCn fcx M+d j “c Lr j^^ d s :i

esa ifjf .kr g ks x ;k gksA t k s Hkh g ks i j Ur q ^^ c Lr j ^^ ,d l kF kZd u k e gSA

c Lr j d k bf rgk l cgqr iqj ku k gSA i zkIr vfHk ys[ kk sa vkSj 'k ks/k d k;k sZa d s

vk/kkj i j ;g eku k t kr k g S fd 19 oha 'kr kCn h ds izkj aHk esa bl {k s= es a u kx oa'k d k

vH; qn ; g qvkA ft l d h j k t/kku h or Zeku f tyk eq[;k y; tx n yi qj l s 96 f dyks ehV j

n wj vkt d k ckj l wj x zke Fk kA rRd kfy u vfHk ys[ k ksa l s K kr g ksr k g S fd 11 oha bZ- esa bl

vapy d ks fp =d ksV ;k Hk zej d ksV ~; eaMy dg k t kr k FkkA , jkZd ksV k u ked LFk y l s i zkIr

,d f'ky k ys[ k d s vu ql kj bl j kt oa'k d k izFk e 'k kld u ifr txn so Hkw" k.k F kk t ks lu ~

1023 esa j kT; d j jg k F kkA b l h r jg 1065 bZ- d s j k tiqj u k ed x zke ls izkI r ,d

f'k yk[ kku s ls K kr gksr k gS fd tx nso Hkw" k.k d s i' pk r ~ Hkp qj kao oØ n so bl oa'k d k

'kk ld g qvk A ck jlwj fLFk fr fNan d u kxj k t oa'k d k jk t lRr k bl {ks= esa 1023 bZ- l s

14 oha 'kr k Cnh d s var rd jgkA 14 oha 'k r kCnh d s var ;k 15 oha 'kr k Cnh d s izkj aHk l s y sd j

Lor a= r k izkf Ir d h vof /k rd d kdr h; jkt oa'k d s j kt k :nz i zr ki nso d s Hkkb Z

vUu en so izFk e j kt k FksA ftUg ksau s cL r j esa 'kkl u fd;kA vUu e n so u s 14 oha 'k r kCnh d s

var esa cLr j j k T; e sa viu k 'kk lu ifj of rZr fd;k A bUgk sau s 1494 b Z- e sa c Lr j d s vapy

esa v iu k 'kklu izkj aHk fd;k A b l r jg ge d g ld r s g Sa fd cL r j esa j kt oa'k d k

vH; qn ; lg h vFkk sZa esa d k d r h; j k t oa' k l s iz kj aHk gqvk vkSj ;g oa'k 15 oh a 'kr k Cn h d s

i zkj aHk l s Lor a= r k izkf Ir d s iwoZ c Lr j j kT; rFk k d kad sj j kT; i`Fk d r Fkk bu n ksu k sa d h

l h ek,a o 'k kld vyx & vyx F ksA ij ar q Lor a= r k i zkfIr d s i'p kr ~ Hkkj r ljd kj u s tu

r kaf =d 'kklu O;oLFkk viu k;k f t ld s QyL o :i d k ad sj j kT; vkSj c Lr j j kT; i j Lij

foyh u g ks x ;s rFk k j k t oa'k d h 'kk lu O;oLFkk l ekIr d j ,d ftys d h LFkk iu k d h

x b Z] ft l dk u k e ^^c Lr j fty k^^ fn ;k x ;kA b l i zd kj tu rkaf=d vof/k d s izkjaHk gksu s

d s i'pk r ~ d kad sj j k T; vkSj c Lr j jk T; d k s ,d d jds c Lr j ft ys d h LF kkiu k d h x bZ]

ft l d k e q[;ky ; tx n yi qj d ks cu k;k x ;kA

c Lr jc Lr jc Lr jc Lr j d h f LFkf r , oa fo Lr k jd h f LFkf r , oa fo Lr k jd h f LFkf r , oa fo Lr k jd h f LFkf r , oa fo Lr k j

N Ÿk hlx < n f{k.k&i woh Z d k su s i j fLFk r gSA c Lr j tg ka i j mŸ kj h Hk kjr vkSj n f{k .kh

Hkkj r d k vk 'kk d h n`f"V l s vk Sj ,sf rgk fld o l kaLd `frd n f "V dks. k l s l ax e gk sr k gSA

cLr j l aHkk x d k d qy {k s=Qy 39] 114 ox Z f dykse hV j gSA vkSj 1991 d s vkdM+ksa d s

vk /k kj i j tu la[ ;k 22]71] 314 gSA bl dk foLr k j 80-15 l s 82-15 i woZ n s'k kar j , oa 17-

46 l s 20 -34 mRr j v{ kka'k j s[ k k d s e/; fL Fkr gSA b l i zd kj bl c Lr j l aHk kx d h

vf /k der y Ec kb Z yx Hk x 180 eh y yac k g S] vkSj i wohZ l hek l s ysd j if' pe h l h ek rd

d qy 125 ehy p kSMk g SA {ks=Q y d s vk/k kj ij c Lr j laHk kx viu s n s'k d s dsjy j k T;

l s cMk gSA cLr j Hkkj r o" k Z ds lc l s cMs fty ks e s ,d F kkA ¼i zkp hu cL r j j k T; d k

{k s=Q y v R; ar foLr `r F kkA p k yqD ; d ky rd mM+hl k d s db Z LF kku cLr j j kT; e s

lfEe fyr Fk sA ½ c Lr j l aHk kx r hu jkT;ks d h l hek vks l s t qMk gSA b ld s n f{k.k es

vk /k zizn s'k ] if' pe l s e g kj k"Vª] i woZ es mM+hl k vkSj mŸ kj eas j k ;iqj&n qx Z ftysa d h l hek

d ks N wr k gSaA c Lr j l aHkkx iwoZ esa 03 fty ksa e sa foHkD r g qvkA mld s i”p kr ~ 05 fty sa

cu s] or Zek u esa 07 f tyksa Øe”k% c Lr j ¼tx n yi qj½ ] d kad sj] n Ur sok M+k] u kj k ;.ki qj]

ch t kiqj] d k s.M+kx kao ,o a l qde k esa f oHkD r g SaA

H kkSXk ksfYkd Ik`"B Hk wfEkH kkSXk ksfYkd Ik`"B Hk wfEkH kkSXk ksfYkd Ik`"B Hk wfEkH kkSXk ksfYkd Ik`"B Hk wfEk

CkLRkj IkBk j nf{k.k h N RRk hLk Xk < + d s 39] 144 O kXkZ f dEk h- {k s« k QYk Eksa 17 046 mRRkj h

v {kk aLk Lk s 20035 mR Rkj h v{kkaLk Rkd RkFk k 80015 Ik wO khZ n s'kkaRk j Lks 8001 5 IkwO khZ ns'k kaRkj Rk d

fO kLRk`Rk g SA bLk Ek sa 13 RkgLk hYk vkSj 32 f Okd kL k[ kaM gSA CkLRk j d k 6 Hkk SfRkd LO k :Ik Ek sa

fO kHkkf TkRk fd¸k k Tkk L kdRkk gSA

¼1½ mR Rkj d k Ek Sn kUkh HkkXk &mR Rkj d k Ek Sn kUkh HkkXk &mR Rkj d k Ek Sn kUkh HkkXk &mR Rkj d k Ek Sn kUkh HkkXk & bLk Ikzns'k d k fO kLRkk j mRRkj C kLRkj Ek sa Ik jkYkd ksV ]

Hk kUkqI kzRkkI kIk qj] d k s k YkhCksM+k] va RkkXk < + vkSj d k ad sj { ks« k Eksa 300&400 Ekh - g SA O k RkZEkkUk Ek sa

¸k s CkLRk j fTkYk s Lk s fO kHkkf TkRk g SA

¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½ d sLkd kYk d h ? kk Vh &d sLkd kYk d h ? kk Vh &d sLkd kYk d h ? kk Vh &d sLkd kYk d h ? kk Vh & ¸k g ? kkV h mRRkj Eksa RksYk hUkLk URk h ? kkV h Lk s Ik zkj aHk gksdj

Tk Xk n YkI kqj d s n f {k .k Ek sa f LFkRk RkqYkLk h Mks aXkj h Rkd 750 Ekh d h ÅaP k kbZ Ek sa f LFk Rk g SA

¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½ vCk qÖ k EkkM+ d h Ik gkM+h {k s« k &vCk qÖ k EkkM+ d h Ik gkM+h {k s« k &vCk qÖ k EkkM+ d h Ik gkM+h {k s« k &vCk qÖ k EkkM+ d h Ik gkM+h {k s« k & ¸k g I kzns'k IkB kj d s Ek /¸k HkkXk Eks a fL FkRk gSA b Lkdh

Å¡P kkb Z 600 Lks 750 Ek h- Rk d gSA

¼4½¼4½¼4½¼4½ mR Rkj IkwO khZ I kB k j &mR Rkj IkwO khZ I kB k j &mR Rkj IkwO khZ I kB k j &mR Rkj IkwO khZ I kB k j & ¸kg IkB kj d k saMkXkkaO k Ok a TkXkn Yk Ikqj d s {ks« k Eksa QSYkk gqvk g SA

Rk hO k z < kYk O kkYk k ¸kg Ikzns' k 600 Lks 750 Ek hV j Rkd Å¡P kk g SA

¼5½¼5½¼5½¼5½ n f {k.kh Ik gkM+h {k s« k &n f {k.kh Ik gkM+h {k s« k &n f {k.kh Ik gkM+h {k s« k &n f {k.kh Ik gkM+h {k s« k & b Lk Hk kXk Ek sa n aRksO k kM+k ,Ok a d ksaV k d k mRRk j h Hk kXk vkRk k gSA

O kRkZEkk Uk Eksa ¸kg CkL Rk j fTkYk s Lks f O kHkD Rk g SA

¼6½¼6½¼6½¼6½ n f {k.kh f Uk EUk Hk wf Ek &n f {k.kh f Uk EUk Hk wf Ek &n f {k.kh f Uk EUk Hk wf Ek &n f {k.kh f Uk EUk Hk wf Ek & dksaV k ] Ckh TkkIkqj] Lk qdEkk] HkksIkk YkIk V ~V UkEk d s {k s« k bLk Ikzn s' k Ek sa

LkfEEkf YkRk g SA bLk d h Å¡P kk bZ 150 Ek h- Rkd gSA

Ik z'kkLk fUkd f LFk f RkIk z'kkLk fUkd f LFk f RkIk z'kkLk fUkd f LFk f RkIk z'kkLk fUkd f LFk f Rk

CkLRkj f Tk Yks Eksa Ikz'k kLkf Ukd n `f"V Lk s 12 Rkg Lkh Yk O k 12 fOkd k Lk[ kaM Ek sa f O kHk kfTkRk g SA

¼fTk Ykk Lk kaf[ ¸kd h I kqfLRk d k 2001½

CkLRkj LkaHkk Xk Eksa Lkk Rk ,d h ÑRk vkfn O kkLk h fO kd kLk Ikf j¸kksTkUk k, a gS &

¼1½ d kad sj RkF kk Hk kUkqIk zRkkI kIkqj ] ¼2½ d ksaMkXkkaO k] ¼ 3½ Tk Xkn YkI kqj] ¼4½ LkqdEk k] ¼ 5½

Ck hTkkI kqj] ¼6½ n aRksO k kM+k] ¼7½ Ck hTkkIkqj

C kL Rkj f Tk Ykk Rk gLkh YkC kL Rkj f Tk Ykk Rk gLkh YkC kL Rkj f Tk Ykk Rk gLkh YkC kL Rkj f Tk Ykk Rk gLkh Yk H kk SXk ksfYk d {k s« kQYkH kk SXk ksfYk d {k s« kQYkH kk SXk ksfYk d {k s« kQYkH kk SXk ksfYk d {k s« kQYk Tk Uk Lka[ ¸k kTk Uk Lka[ ¸k kTk Uk Lka[ ¸k kTk Uk Lka[ ¸k k

d s'kd kYk 747.63 67008

fO k JkEk Ikqj h 454.28 61334

d ksaMkXk kaO k 1291.03 109661

Qj Lk Xk kaO k 663.90 66870

Ekk dMh 530.23 60647

TkXkn Yk Ikqj 499.78 100792

CkLRk j 951.10 117926

Ck d kO kaM 654.90 102649

Yk kSg. Mh XkqM+k 595.45 62860

Rkk sd kIk kYk 362.02 57210

Ck kLRkk Ukkj 502.01 34972

n j Hk k 526.09 57732

;k sx %&;k sx %&;k sx %&;k sx %& 7778.420 899661

Ck L Rkj d s Ik ¸k ZV Uk LF kYkCk L Rkj d s Ik ¸k ZV Uk LF kYkCk L Rkj d s Ik ¸k ZV Uk LF kYkCk L Rkj d s Ik ¸k ZV Uk LF kYk

CkLRkj d k fO k' O k Ik zfLk) n ' kgj k 12 IkzEkq[ k j LEkk sa d k s Yksd j d j hC k 75 fn Uk Rkd

P k YkUks O k kYkk Ck LRkj n 'kgj k fOk 'O k Eksa LkCk Lks YkaCk s Lk Ek¸k Rkd Ek Ukk¸kk Tkk Uks O kkYk k IkO kZ gSA b Lk

Ik O kZ ds n kSjk Uk IkzR¸ksd O k" kZ Uk¸kk jFk fUkEkk Z.k fd¸kk Tk kRkk g S fTkLkEk sa d j hCk 44 ?k Uk Ek hV j dh

YkdM+h YkXkRkh gS fTk LkEksa Ekk a n URks'O k j h dk N« k Ik zfRkf" B Rk gk sRkk g S RkFk k b Lk jFk d ks 5 Lk kS Lk s

vf/kd Xkzk Ek h.k [ kh aP kRk s gSaA

bLk d s vYk kO kk CkL Rk j Eksa I k¸kZV Uk LFkYk vR¸k f/kd g SA fP k«k d wV ns'k d k Lk CkLk s CkM+k

TkYk IkzIk kRk Rkh jFkXk <+ n s'k d k Lk CkLks [ kwCk LkwjRk Ök jUkk] d ksV Ek Lkj % fO k' O kIk zfLk ) Xk qQk] C kkj L kwj %

fO k'O k d s Rkh Lkjs Lk CkLk s CkM+s Xk .ks'k d h I kzfRk Ek k] RkkM+ % n s'k d k ,dEk k« k 6 'k k[k kvk sa O k kYkk

fN an d k O k`{k] jkEk % n s'k d k L kCkL ks Ikqj k Ukk TkhfO kRk LkkXkk SUk d k O k`{k] Ik zn s'k d k I kzFk Ek fO k' kkYk

f'k O kf YkaXk] n aRksO k kM+k % n aRks 'O k j h Ekk bZ d k Ekafn j] 'k adUkh&MdUkh d k LkaXkEk ] Ik zsRk Ck k/kk n wj HkXkkUk s

d s fYk , P kfP kZRk Hk SjO k Ekaf n j vkfn A

vIk O kkg Rk a« k &vIk O kkg Rk a« k &vIk O kkg Rk a« k &vIk O kkg Rk a« k & fd Lkh Hkh {k s« k ds vk fFk Zd f Okd kLk Eksa Ukfn ¸kk sa d k Ek gRO kI kw.k Z ¸kksXk n kUk

jg Rk k gSA vkfn d kYk Lk s g h Ukf n ¸kka Ekk UkO k d s Tkh O kUk vkSj Xkf Rk fO k f/k d k Lk k/kUk j gh gSA

TkUkL ka[¸kk d k fO kRkj.k ,O ka TkYk Ikzkf IRk d h n 'kk vk sa d s LkaCk a/k Eksa Tks - CkzUL k Uks fYk [ kk gS &

"The distribution of human being is very often indirect proporation to distribution of

water"

CkLRkj Eksa Ek q[¸kRk% vIkO kkg js[ khUk Ikzf Rk:Ik Ik k¸kk TkkRk k g SA bL kd k IkzEkq[ k d kj.k

Hkw&O kSK kfUk d fO kf HkUUkRkk gS D¸k ksafd b Lk fTkYk s d k vf/k d ka'k Hkk Xk Xk zsUkkbM Rk Fkk Uk hLk 'k SYkksa Lk s

Ck Uk k gSA ;gkaa d h Ukfn ¸kka O k" kkZd k Yk Eksa ¼TkwUk Lks vD V wCk j½ TkYk Lks Ikf jIk w.kZ gksRkh g S] Tk Ckfd

Xkzh" Ek d kYk Ek sa Ukfn ¸k ka 'kq" d gks Tk kRkh gSA b Lk fTk Yk s d h I kzEkq[ k Ukn h Xk ksn kO kj h Uk n h g SA

Xk k sXk k sXk k sXk k s n kO kj h Ukn h & n kO kj h Ukn h & n kO kj h Ukn h & n kO kj h Ukn h & ¸kg Ukn h n f{k.k I kB kj d h LkCkLk s CkM+h Ukn h g S] Xkksn kOk j h Uknh

n aRksO kkM+k fTkYk s d h d qYk Yk aCkkb Z 1465 f dEkh- g SA b Lkd h Lkg k¸kd Uk fn ¸kk a baæ kO kRk h] d ksV j h]

Ukk jaXkh] XkqV j k] V ksV k ,O ka mLk d h vUk sd Lkg k¸kd U kf n ¸kka vkd j f EkYkRk h gSA

bUæ kO kRkbUæ kO kRkbUæ kO kRkbUæ kO kRk h Uk n h & h Uk n h & h Uk n h & h Uk n h & ¸kg Xkksn kO kj h Ukn h d h IkzEk q[k Lk gk¸kd Uk n h gS Tkk s f Tk Yks d s n f{k.k

Lks g ksd j I kwO kZ&Ik f'P kEk Eksa Ck gRkh gSA g: vkSj Hkk sIkk YkIkV ~V UkEk d s I kkLk Xkksn kO kjh Eksa fEkYk

TkkRk h gSA b Lk Uk n h d k mn ~XkEk mM+h Lkk j kT¸k d s d kYkk gk .Mh fTkYk s d s j kEkI kqj ¸kqvkEkYk

Ukk Ekd LFk kUk Eksa MksXk jYkk I kgk M+h Eksa gSA ¸kg Ukn h 513 fdEk h- dh YkECk kb Z Ek sa Ckgd j Xk ksn kO kjh

Eksa f Ek YkRkh gS A

_R kq, a &_R kq, a &_R kq, a &_R kq, a & Ek kSLkEk h I kfjO kRkZUkk sa d s vk /kkj Ikj O k" kZ d ks Rk hUk _Rkqvks a Eksa f O kHk k fTkRk fd¸kk TkkRk k g S &

¼1½ 'kh Rk _ Rkq ¼UkO kaCkj Lks Q jO kj h½

¼2½ Xkzh" Ek _Rk q ¼ EkkP kZ Lk s Ek/¸k TkwUk½

¼3½ O k "kkZ _Rkq ¼Ek / ¸k TkwUk Lk s vD V wCk j½

¼1½¼1½¼1½¼1½ 'kh" k _Rkq &'kh" k _Rkq &'kh" k _Rkq &'kh" k _Rkq & ' khRk _Rkq 'kq"d 'k hRkYk vkSj LkqgkOk Ukh g ksRkh g SA LkO kkZf /kd B aMk Ekg hUkk

fn LkaC kj gSA vkSLk Rk RkkI kEkkUk YkXkHkXk 18-60 Lks- jg Rkk g SA dsO kYk I kgkM+h {ks« k bLk

_Rkq Ek sa n Sf Ukd RkkI kEkkUk 26-9 Lk s 30-8 d s Ek/¸k vk Sj U¸kwUk RkEk 8-9 Lk s 13-7 Rkd g ksRkk

gSA 'k hRk _Rkq Ek sa ;gka d h vk SLkRk O k" k kZ dsO k Yk 45 fEk-Ekh- g ksRkh gSA mRRkj IkwO kZ dh

vksj Lk s Ekan I kO k Uk P k YkRkh gS fTk Lks mR Rkj h I kwO kh Z EkkUk LkwUk dg Rks g SaA

¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½ O k" k kZ _ Rkq &O k" k kZ _ Rkq &O k" k kZ _ Rkq &O k" k kZ _ Rkq & Ek/¸k TkwUk Rkd Xk Ek hZ vLk gk¸k gk s Tkk Rkh gSA CkaXkk Yk d h [ kkM+h Lk s

Ek kUkLk wUkh gO kk, a O ksXk d s L kkF k vkXks c< +Rkh gSA vkd k'k dI kkLk h Ckkn Ykksa Lks < adUks

YkXkRkk gS vkSj Ek /¸k TkwUk Lks Tk ksj ' kksj Lks O k" k kZ Ikzkj aHk gks TkkRk h g S Ok" kkZ gk sUk s Lk s

O kkRk kO kj.k 'k hRkYk g ks Tkk R kk g SA TkqYkkb Z] vXkLRk Rk F kk fn Lk EC kj Eksa ØEk 'k% 14 7 -4] 228-7

,O k a 389-6 fEkEk h- O k" kkZ gk sRkh gSA vD V wCkj Eksa O k "kk Z d h Ekk« kk dEk g ksd j 13-4 fEkEkh -

jg Tkk Rkk g SA

¼3½ ¼3½ ¼3½ ¼3½ Xk zh"Ek _RkqXk zh"Ek _RkqXk zh"Ek _RkqXk zh"Ek _Rkq &&&& CkLRk j fTkYk s Eksa QjO kj h Ekkg Lks gh Rkk IkEkk Uk dk c< +Ukk vUk qHk O k g ksUks

YkXkRkk g S Rk Fkk Ek/¸k Ekk P kZ d k Ek ghUk k LIk"V :Ik Lks XkEkZ g ksRkk g SA Ekb Z Ekkg Ek sa

LkO kk Zf/kd RkkI kEkk Uk 38-7 LksEkh - jg Rk k gSA Xk zh"Ek _Rk q Ek sa Ekk SLkEk Lkw[ kk RkFk k CkgqRk XkEk Z

jgRkk gSA vkd k'k Ckkn Yk jfgRk gksRk k gSA Rk kIk Ek kUk d h vf /kdRkk Lks O k k¸kqn k Ck dEk

gksUk s YkXkRk k g SA ;gkaa Ekk P kZ vI kzSYk RkFk k Ekb Z ds E kgh Uks Ek sa Ø Ek'k % 8 -6] 27 - 8 Rk Fkk 8 -

2&1 f Ek Ekh- O k " kkZ g ksRkh gSA

Rk kIk EkkUk &Rk kIk EkkUk &Rk kIk EkkUk &Rk kIk EkkUk & TkXkn YkIkqj C kLRkj f Tk Yks d h TkYk Okk¸k q d k Ik zf RkfUkf/k UkXkj g S] ;g ka d k

vkSLkRk O k kf" kZd RkkI kEkkUk 24-5 Lks- gS] vF kkZRk~ ;g kaa d h TkYkO kk¸kq XkEkZ g SA vkSLk Rk Rk kIk EkkUk

fn L kECkj Lk s U¸k wUk RkEk 8-9 Rk Fkk Ek bZ Eksa vf /kdRk Ek 38 -7 L ks- jg Rkk g SA TkwUk Ek ghUk s Lks EkkUk LkwUkh

O k "kkZ d s d kj .k Rkk IkEkk Uk fXkjUk s Y kXkRkk gS Rk Fkk fLkRk aCkj d s Ckkn fn L kECkj Rkd Rk kIkEk kUk ØEk' k%

fXkj Rk k Tkk Rk k g SA

O k" k kZ &O k" k kZ &O k" k kZ &O k" k kZ & CkLRk j f Tk Yks Eksa Ek kUkLk wUkh gO k k,a g ksRkh g S] ;gk a d h vkSLk Rk O kkf" kZd O k" kkZ 1534

fEk Ek h- g SA Ck LRkj Eksa Ek kUkLk wUk d k vkXkEk Uk 10 Lks 15 TkwUk Rkd g ks Tk kRkk gS vk Sj Lk kEkk U¸k Rk%

10 vDV wC kj d s Ck kn Ek kUkLk wUk Ykk SV Uks YkXkRk k gSA

f EkfV ~V ¸k k¡ & f EkfV ~V ¸k k¡ & f EkfV ~V ¸k k¡ & f EkfV ~V ¸k k¡ & fEk V ~Vh ,d vk/k kjHkw Rk Ikzk ÑfRkd L kaLkk /kUk g S D ¸kksaf d Ekk Uk O k Tk hO k Uk d k

vk/kkj f EkV ~Vh gh g SA fEkV ~V h Uk dsO k Yk gEk kjs TkhO kUk d k vk/k kjHkwRk Rk RO k g S] Ck fYd TkUkLka[¸kk

fO kRkj.k ,O ka mRIkk n Uk d ks I kzHkk fO kRk d jUks O k kYkk ,d Ek gRO kI kw.k Z IkzkÑfRkd Rk RO k gSA

CkLRkj f TkYks Ek sa Yk kYk n qYkbZ I kzd kj d h fEkV~V h Ik kbZ Tk kRkh g SA fEkV ~V h d s Ykk Yk j aXk d k

Ik zEk q[k d kj.k Ykk sgs d k vk DL khd j. k gSA fEkfV ~V ¸kksa d s j aXk ] Xk B Uk] mO kZjd RkFk k EkksV kb Z Ikj

mP P kkO kP k d k I kzHkkO k g SA I kgk M+h Hk kXkksa Eksa gYd s jaXk d h dEk EkksV h I kF kj hYkh Rk Fkk dEk

mIkTk kÅ fEkV ~V h Ikk bZ TkkRkh g S Tk Ckfd ? kkf V ¸kksa Ek sa Xk gjs j aXk d h C kkj h d RkFk k vf /kd mIkTkk Å

fEk V ~V h fEkYk Rkh g SA Ck LRkj fTkYk s d s vf/kd ka'k Hkk Xk ksa d h fEkV ~Vh Eksa UkkbV ª ksTk Uk d h dEkh Ik k¸kh

TkkRk h g S] ;g ka d h fEkV ~V h {k kj h¸k IkzÑfRk d h g S fTkLk d k Ik h-,P k- EkkUk 4-5 Lk s 6-5 Rk d gSA

O kUk &O kUk &O kUk &O kUk & Ck LRkj fTkYk k O kUk LkaLk k/kUk d h n `f "V L ks d sO kYk N RRk hLkXk< + Eksa gh Uk gha vf IkRk q

Ik wj s HkkjRk Eksa Ekg RO kI kw.kZ LFkk Uk j[ kRkk gS f Tk Yks d s O kUk {ks« k dqYk HkkSXkk sfYkd {ks« k dk 70-4

Ik zfRk'k Rk gSA bLk fTkYks d s O k UkkP N kfn Rk Hkk Xk ksa Eksa d sO kYk d qN gh , sLkh mI kTkkÅ Hkwf Ek gS]

fTkL kEksa Ñf " k RkF kk TkUk Lka[ ¸k k Lkad sfUæ Rk g SA LkO k kZf/kd O kUk {ks« k fO kd kLk[ kaM Ek sa RkFk k LkCk Lks dEk

d sUæ TkXk n YkIk qj fOk d kLk[ kaM Eksa g SA

Lkk aLÑf Rkd Ik`"B Hkwf Ek &Lkk aLÑf Rkd Ik`"B Hkwf Ek &Lkk aLÑf Rkd Ik`"B Hkwf Ek &Lkk aLÑf Rkd Ik`"B Hkwf Ek & ** TkUkLk a[¸kk fO kRkj.k Ik zfRk:Ik O kLRkqRk % Hkk SXk ksfYk d vkSj

Lkk aLÑfRkd n ksUkk sa d h d kj d ksa d h I kzfRkf ظkk d k Ikf j.kk Ek gSA ^^ ¼ FkUkZ/O k sV 1941] 68 -1½

CkLRkj fTkYks Ek sa TkUkLk a[¸kk d k f OkRkj. k vLkEkk Uk gSA f TkYks Ek sa d ksaMkXkk aO k] TkXkn Yk Ikqj

Ck LRkj Ckd kO kaM d s' kd kYk fO kd k Lk[ kaMksa Eksa TkUk Lka[¸k k d k Lk ad sæ .k vIk s{k kÑRk vf/kd g SA bLk d s

fO kIk j hRk n qXkZd ksan Yk d qvkd kaM C kkLRk kUkkj fO kdk Lk[ kaMksa Eksa TkUk Lka[ ¸k k dEk g SA CkLRkj Ek sa

TkUkL ka[¸kk d s fO kRk j.k d h vLk EkkUk Rk k d s f Yk , LkCk Lks mR Rkj n k¸kh IkzEk q[ k RkRO k /kj k Rk Ykh¸k

LO k :Ik g SA

Tk UkLka[ ¸k k ? k UkRO k &Tk UkLka[ ¸k k ? k UkRO k &Tk UkLka[ ¸k k ? k UkRO k &Tk UkLka[ ¸k k ? k UkRO k & fd Lk h Ikzn s'k Eksa mIk YkC/k Lk a Lkk/k Uk ksa d k Lk h/kk I kzHkkO k TkUkL ka[¸kk d s

? k UkRO k I kj IkM+Rk k gSA CkLRk j fTkYks Eksa TkUk Lka[¸kk d k ?k Uk RO k 127 Ikzf Rk O kXkZ fd-Ekh - g SA ¼f TkYkk

Lkk af[¸k d h IkqfLRkd k CkLRk j 2001 d s vUk qL kkj½

Ikfj O kgUk d s L kk/k Uk &Ikfj O kgUk d s L kk/k Uk &Ikfj O kgUk d s L kk/k Uk &Ikfj O kgUk d s L kk/k Uk & Ck LRkj Ek q[¸kRk% I kgk M+h ,Oka IkB kj h {k s« k gS Tkgk a mPP kkO kP k dh

fO kfO k /kRkk ds d kj.k LFk Yk d k fUkEkkZ.k dfB Uk ,O ka O¸kFkZIkw.k Z jgk gSA vUksd EkkXkZ Uknh &Uk kYkk sa

d s f O kP N sfn Rk gksUks d s d kj.k IkqYk ksa d s vHkk O k E ksa Ikf jO kg Uk Lk k/kUk ksa d s vHkkO k d s d kj.k gh

Ck LRkj vk Tk Hk h n s'k d s vU¸k {k s« k Lks vYkXk } hI k d h Rkjg Ik zRkhRk g ksRkk g SA Ck LRkj Eksa vkTk

Hkh , sLk s LF kkUk gSa Tkg ka LkM+d s RkF kk Ck SYkXkkM+h Ek kXkZ ,O ka Ik Xk MafM¸kka g h Ikf jOkg Uk ds Ekq[¸k

Lkk /kUk g S RkFk k O k Rk ZEkkUk Eksa j sYkEkk XkZ O k O kk¸kqEk kXkZ Hkh mI kYkC/k gSA

CkLRkj fTkYks d s I kzEkq[ k LkM+d Ek kXkZ

¼1½ j k¸k Ikqj&TkXkn Yk Ikqj L kM+d EkkXk Z

¼2½ TkXkn Yk Ikqj&Hkk sIkk YkIkV ~V UkEk LkM +d EkkXk Z

¼3½ TkXkn Yk Ikqj&d k saV k Lk M+d Ek kXkZ

¼4½ TkXkn Yk Ikqj&f P k« kd ksV LkM+d Ekk Xk Z

¼5½ d s'k d kYk& va Rk kXk< + Lk M+d EkkXkZ

j sY k EkkXkZ &j sY k EkkXkZ &j sY k EkkXkZ &j sY k EkkXkZ & CkLRk j fTkYk s Ek sa fd j an wYk L ks TkXkn Yk Ik# j gksRkk g qvk f Ok'k k[ kkIkV ~V UkEk

C k an jXkkg Rkd Tkk Ikk Uk dh Lkg k¸kRkk Lks ,dEkk « k j sYkEkk Xk Z gSA b Lk j sYkEkkXk Z d h d qYk YkaCk kbZ

470 fdEk h- gSA

O kk¸kq Ekk Xk Z &O kk¸kq Ekk Xk Z &O kk¸kq Ekk Xk Z &O kk¸kq Ekk Xk Z & Ck LRkj fTkYk s Ek sa gO kk bZ Ik V~V h TkXkn YkIk qj Uk Xkj Eksa gSA vCk HkkjRk Lkjd kj

Uks O kk¸kqn wRk Lk sO kk } kj k jk¸kI kqj Lk s TkXkn Yk Ikqj d ks Tk ksM+ fn ¸k k g SA bLk Ik zd kj TkXk n YkIk qj Lks

Ek/¸kI kzn s'k d s Ekq[ ¸k 'kg jksa HkksI kkYk ] b an kSj N RRk hLk Xk < + d s IkzEkq[ k 'kg j j k¸kI kqj] fCkYkkLk Ikqj vkfn

'kg j ksa L ks TkqM+ Xk¸kk gSA

CkLRkj d h IkzEk q[ k :Ik Lks XkksaM +] HkRk j k] Ekqf j¸k k] n k sjYkk] IkjTkk n O kk] Ikj/kh vkfn

TkUkTk kfRk¸k ka Ik k¸kh Tkk Rkh g SaA CkLRk j Eksa YkXk Hk Xk 24 Ikzd k j d h TkUk TkkfRk ¸k ka I kk¸kh TkkRkh gSA

CkLRkj f TkYks Eksa 2001 d h TkUk Xk .kUkk d s vUkqL kkj vUkqLkwf P kRk Tk kfRk d h d qYk TkUkLk a[¸kk

Ik zfRk'k Rk 7-45 gSA vUkqLkwf P kRk TkUk Tkkf Rk d h dqYk TkUkLk a[¸kk I kzfRk' kRk 80 gS fTkLk Eksa Xk ksaM +]

gYC kk] HkRkj k ] Ek qfj¸kk] n ksjYkk] Ik jTkk] Xkn Ok k] Ikj/k h vkfn Tk UkTkkf Rk¸kka I kk¸kh TkkRkh gSA

CkLRkj fTkYk k Tk UkTkk Rk h¸k CkgqYk {ks« k gS ;gka d s n f{k.k Eksa 17 -46 vk Sj 20 -14 v{kka'k

d s Ck hP k RkF kk 80 -15 Lk s 82-1 n s{k ka'k d s CkhP k f LFk Rk gS C kLRkj d k {ks«kQYk 8755-33 ox Z

fde h- Rk Fkk 2001 d h TkUkRkk Tk UkXk.kUk k d s vUk qLkkj ;g kaa d h TkUk Lka[¸kk 1302253 g S f TkLkEk sa

75 Ik zfRk'k Rk TkUkLk a[¸kk Tk UkTkkf Rk¸kksa d h gSA

bLk f Tk Yks Lks IkwO k hZ Rk V d h n wj h Yk Xk HkXk 300 fd-Ekh - gS CkL Rk j f TkYks d h mÙ kj Lks n f{k.k

Rkd d h YkECk kb Z YkXkHkXk 270 fd -Ekh - RkF kk I kwO k Z Lks Ik f'P k Ek RkFkk Ik wO kZ Lk s Ikf'P kEk Rk d P kkSMkbZ

YkXkHkXk 180 fd -Ekh - gSA CkLRkj fTkY ks d k Ekk /¸k ] LkEkqæ LkRkg Lk s vkSLkRk Uk Å¡P k kb Z 566-84

Ekh- gSA

cccc ---- mŸ kjnmŸ kjnmŸ kjnmŸ kjn kr kv ks d k p;ukr kv ks d k p;ukr kv ks d k p;ukr kv ks d k p;u

cLr j ftys e s ize q[ k f 'kYi m| ksx ksa e s fu Eu f 'kY i m| ksx i zfl) gS&

1- d k ’B f 'kYi & g s.Mh Ø k QV

2- c kal f'k Yi & ck al d s cu s l k eku

3- e `frd k f'kYi & V sj h d k sV k

4- /k Mok f 'kYi & c sy e sV y

5- y kSg f'kYi & yk sg s d h ewf r Z

6- i k’ k k.k f'kY i & iRF k j d h ewfr Z

7- d k SMh f'k Yi & d kSf M ;ks l s cu h eqfr Z

8- d k sl k f'kYi & oL= f n [ kk oV h leku

9- l ok bZ j L l h f 'kYi & c Sx ] lt koV d k l eku

mi j ksD r i zeq[ k f 'kYi m| ksx 12 fod kl[ kaM es i ze q[ k 10 f' kYix zk e d s varx Zr l apk fyr

gS ftl es d qy 586 i ap k;r k s e s d qy 1147 xzkeks es vyx &vyx f 'kYi d sUn zks es y xHk x

5015 tu t kfr ; Jf ed d k; Zj r gSA

i zLr qr v/;;u c Lr j ftys es LF k kfi r f'kYi dyk m| ksx esa d k;Zj r

tu t kf r; Jfe d ks d h l k ekf td vkf FkZd fLF kfr d s v/ ;;u l s l ac af/kr g Sa c Lr j fty sa

esa d qy 12 rgl hy , oa 12 fod kl[ kaM g SA bu d s vUrx Zr 10 i zeq[ k f' kYi xzk e gSA

or Ze ku esa f”kYix zkek sa e sa yx Hk x 586 f 'kYi dy k m| ksx LFkk fi r g S] tgk a y xHk x

tu t kf r; Jfe d d k;Zjr g SA l Eiw.k Z e sa l s 250 ¼izR; sd rg l hy l s 5 izfr ”kr½ Jfed k sa

d k p;u n So fu n Z'ku fof/k } kj k fd;k x ;k gSA

cLr j fty s e sa fL Fkr f'k Yidy k m| ksx e s d k ;Zj r t u t kfr ; Jfed k s d h

fLF kfr d h l ex z la[ ;k fu Eu l kj. kh e s izn f 'kZr d h x bZ g S &

d za- v/; ;u {k s= d s

f'kYidyk m| ksx {sk=

¼ fod kl[ k.M½

d k ;Zj r tu tk fr;

f'kYi d kj Jfe d

v/; ;u g sr q i zL r kfor

p;fu r mŸ k jn krk

1 tx n y iqj 1565 78

2 cLr j 556 28

3 cd koaM 543 27

4 r k sd ki ky 65 03

5 n j Hk k 44 02

6 y ksg .Mhx qM+k 39 02

7 c kLr k u kj 15 01

8 d ks.Mkx kao 2010 100

9 e kdM+h 55 03

10 Qj l x kao 63 03

11 d s'kd ky 35 02

12 cM+sj k tiqj ¼ foJke iqj h ½ 20 01

;k sx ;k sx ;k sx ;k sx

&&&&

12121212 5015501550155015 250250250250

llll ---- v/ ;; u e sa iz;qD r mid j. k ,oa izf of / kv/ ;; u e sa iz;qD r mid j. k ,oa izf of / kv/ ;; u e sa iz;qD r mid j. k ,oa izf of / kv/ ;; u e sa iz;qD r mid j. k ,oa izf of / k

1111 ---- rF ; krF ; krF ; krF ; k sa d k l ady u sa d k l ady u sa d k l ady u sa d k l ady u &&&&

izLrqr 'kk s/ k d s f y, rF;ksa ;k le ad ksa dk lad yu 2 izd kj ls

f d ;k x;k] t ks f d uhp s n'k kZ;s v uqlkj gS% &

¼v ½¼v ½¼v ½¼v ½ i zkF kfe d lead i zkF kfe d lead i zkF kfe d lead i zkF kfe d lead &&&&

i zLr qr ' kks/k d k;z d s fy , izk Fkf ed l ead ksa d k lady u i zeq[ k :Ik l s

l k {k kRd kj vu qlwp h d s ek /;e l s fd;k x; k gS A lk{kk Rd kj vu ql wp h d k fu ekZ.k ' kks/k l s

lEc) le Lr eg Roi w.kZ i{kk sa ,o a 'kks /k d s f y , f u /kkZf jr ize q[ k mn~ns'; ksa d ks /;ku e sa

j[ kr s gq;s f d;k x ;k A 'kk s/kd r kZ d k eku u k gS] fd i zLr qr 'kks/k d h i zd `fr d ks n s[ krs g q; s

mRr jn kr kvksa l s izR;{k lEid Z d jd s mu ds l k {k kRd kj ds ek/;e l s 'kks/k f o" k ; ds l aca/k

esa eg Roi w .kZ izk Fkf ed t ku d kj h ,oar F; i zkIr fd;k t k ld k g S A bl ds l kF k gh

l k {k kRd kj d s n kSj ku mRr jnk r kvksa d h okLrfod fLFk fr d ks n s[ kus] le> us r Fkk voyksdu

d ju s d k Hkh vol j i zkIr g qvk A bl rjg vl gHkkx h voy ksdu d s ek/;e l s Hkh

eg Roi w.kZ rF; ksa d k l ad yu fd; k x; k A b l i)f r l s t ku d kj h ,d= hd j .k ds n kSj ku

vUn :u h {ks= d s x zkeksa rd igqapu k O;ogkfjd :I k l s l aHko u gha gks i k;k] vr% l Irk fgd

gk V c ktk j ksa esa mD r {ks= d s fu okf l;ksa d h t ku d kj h izk Ir d j r Fkk mUgsa 'kk s/k d s

mn ~ns'; cr k r s gq;s x k siu h ;r k d k fo'ok l fn yk d j l k {kk Rd kj ds e k/;e l s t ku dkjh

i zkIr dh x bZ A l k{kkRd k j ds n kSjk u db Z yksx ksa u s gLr k {k j ;k vax w V k fu 'k ku yxku s l s

Hkh b ad kj fd;k A t k u d kj h l adyu d s n kSj ku ,d lc l s cM+h df B u kb Z c ksyh Hkk " kk d k

gk su k i k;k x ;k A os d soy x ksMh ] g Y ch] n ksjy k] e j kB h ] mfM;k ] r syx w c ksyr s , oa l e>r s

gSa A vr% vf/k d ka'k l k{kkRd kj d s n kSjku LF kku h; n qHkk f" k ;s d k mi; k sx d j u k iM+k A

n qHkk f"k ;ksa d s :I k esa en n djus ;k LF kku h ; yksx ksa d k s i zLr qr 'kk s/k d s mn ~n s'; ksa ,oa

x ksiu h;r k ds ck j s e sa fo'okl fn yk u s r Fkk mUgsa l k{kk Rd kj d s fy , r S;kj d jus e sa

LF kku h ; tu i zf rfu f /k;ksa r Fkk x zke Lr j h; LF kku h; 'kk ld h ; ve y s d h e n n yh x bZ A

¼c ½¼c ½¼c ½¼c ½ f} r h; d lead f} r h; d lead f} r h; d lead f} r h; d lead &&&&

f} r h;d lead fofHkUu 'k ks/k l kfg R;ksa] cLr j d s bfrg kl ls l ac af /kr

fofHkUu y s[ kk sa r Fkk f of Hk Uu 'kkl d h; d k;kZy;k sa l s izkI r d h x bZ A fofHkUu 'kk ld h;

d k;k Zy;ksa l s mu d s foHk kx h; x frf of /k;ksa] d k;Z i zxf r rFkk dfB u kbZ; ksa d h t ku d kj h i zkIr

d h x b Z A ftyk l kaf[;d h ; iqf Lrd k rFkk 'kklu d s fofHkUu foHk kx ksa d s } k j k l e;&le;

i j t kj h 'k kl d h; izf rosn u ksa l s Hkh t ku d kj h l adf yr d h x b Z A l ekpk j i=] if=d k vk sa

, oa Qk sV ksx zkI l d k voy ksdu d j mu l s Hkh l wp u k;sa i zkI r d h x b Z A

¼l ½ ¼l ½ ¼l ½ ¼l ½ l adfy r rF; ksa d k f o'y s" k.k l adfy r rF; ksa d k f o'y s" k.k l adfy r rF; ksa d k f o'y s" k.k l adfy r rF; ksa d k f o'y s" k.k &&&&

l adf yr rF;ksa d k fo'ys" k.k esa fofHkUu l kaf[;d h f of/k ;ksa d k i z;ksx fd;k

x ;k A b lesa r kfy d k] n .Mfp =] vkj s[ k fp = d s vy kok ek/ ; , oa l gl aca/kk sa d s } kj k

rF ;ksa d k f o'y s" k.k fd;k x ;k A rF;k sa d k fo'ys" k.k izf r'kr rF kk r qyu k fof/k d s } kj k

Hkh fd;k x ;k A

v / ;; u v / ;; u v / ;; u v / ;; u dh dh dh dh d f B ukbZ; k a d f B ukbZ; k a d f B ukbZ; k a d f B ukbZ; k a &&&&

i zLr qr 'k ks/k izc a/k d s fy, rF ;ksa d s l ady u d s n kSj k u db Z r jg d h

dfB u k bZ;k a gqb Z A ft ld k fooj.k fu Eu k u qlk j gS &

1- l c l s cM+h dfB u k bZ c ksyh Hk k" k k d h i kb Z x b Z A ftys d s fd l h Hkh {ks= e sa

LFk ku h; tu t k fr fg Un h ;k N Rr hlx <+h u c ksy r s g Sa] u le > r s gSa] os LFk ku h;

ck syh d s :Ik esa xk saMh] g Ych ] n ksjyk] r syx w vk fn c ksyr s , oa le > rs g Sa A vr%

mUgsa le> ku k , oa iz'u d k mRr j i zkI r d ju k cM+k dfB u jg k A bl d s f y,

LFk ku h; n qHkkf" k;ksa d k m i;k sx fd;k x; k A

2- f'k {kk d s izf r ;gk a y ksx ksa d s e u esa d ksb Z ld kj kRed okr koj.k u gh a g S] b lf y,

yksx k sa d ks l e> k u s esa cgqr df B u kb Z vk bZ A

3- ;gk a d s x zke h.k cM+s vU r Zeq[ kh rFkk 'k ehZys Lok Hkko d s g Sa] ft ld s d kj.k dbZ

l okyk sa d s mRr j B hd < ax l s u gha n s ikr s Fks vkSj viu h ck r le> ku s d s f y,

mUgsa cgqr e qf 'dy g ksr h Fkh A

b l r jg Åi j n f 'kZr dfB u kb Z;ksa , oa p qu kSfr ;ksa d k l keu k d j ;g

v/; ;u iwj k d ju s d k iz;k l fd;k x ;k A

l an Hk Z l wp h % &l an Hk Z l wp h % &l an Hk Z l wp h % &l an Hk Z l wp h % &

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2. Kurukshetra,National Magzine of Rural Development,Govt.of India

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programmes, Anni Publishing House, New Delhi, p. 135.

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scheduled castes and scheduled tribes research publication, jaipur, p. 195

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