Vacuum & Particles

陳 鎰 鋒

中央大學 物理系

2009.11.27

粒子從那裡來 ? 真空 Heavy Ion e+e- 3 jets e+e-

* q q g

energy

Vacuum <fluctuations>Space

Tim

e

energy

mass

Bremsstrahlung (QCD) Bremsstrahlung (QED)

e+e- * Hadrons

e+e- e+e-* Hadrons

e+e- QQ Hadrons

ggg Hadrons

gg Hadrons

e+e- e+e- * e+e- Hadrons

Heavy Ion Collision

Au+Au ?? Hadrons

Vacuum

ggggg

Annihilation

Two-Photon

Quarkonium

Decay

D meson ~0.02

J/

> 5.3

Quarkonium ggg or gg/ e+e- qq

(CLEO)

√S ~ 10 GeV

gg/ qq ggg / qq

e+e- * Hadrons

e+e- e+e-* Hadrons

e+e- QQ Hadrons

ggg Hadrons

gg Hadrons

e+e- e+e- e+e- Hadrons

Heavy Ion Collision

Au+Au ?? Hadrons

EM StrongVacuum

Two-Photon

Annihilation Quarkonium Decay

Space-Time structure of Vacuum

T < 10-20 s S < 10-18 m

Correlation – charge, flavor, baryon

Coherence Quantum Mechanics

Principle of HBT interferometry

(Hanbury-Brown-Twiss)

Quantum Correlation

size

e+ e-, PP Heavy Ion

QGP

R ~ fm

D

X

D

Quantum CorrelationEPR paradox @ Y(4S)

(4040) D*D* DD

DD

J/ suppression

T, E =mc2 the heavier, the earlier

J/

T

S

e+e- * Hadrons

e+e- e+e-* Hadrons

e+e- QQ Hadrons

ggg Hadrons

gg Hadrons

e+e- e+e- e+e- Hadrons

Heavy Ion Collision

Au+Au ?? Hadrons

EM Strong

Weak ?B or D meson decays (top?)

Vacuum

Two-Photon

Annihilation Quarkonium Decay

W

gg

ggg

Z

“Extended Source”

e.g. D0 K- +; K- K+

cu su [d u] ; s[u s]u

Extra dimension?

e+e- * Hadrons

e+e- e+e-* Hadrons

e+e- QQ Hadrons

ggg Hadrons

gg Hadrons

e+e- e+e- e+e- Hadrons

Heavy Ion Collision

Au+Au ?? Hadrons

Extra dimension?

EM Strong

Weak ?B or D meson decays (top?)

Vacuum

Two-Photon

Annihilation Quarkonium Decay

e+e- --> h+h- e+e-

Two Photon

e+e- h+h- (annihilation)

e+e- e+e- h+h- (ISR)

e+e- h+h-

Two-Photon from Belle

+-; K+K-

00; K0sK0

s

0; ; PP

events

W distribution of 0 W: invariant mass (0 ) or W

Angular dependence of differential cross sections in different W regions

1/sin4*

Cross section ( hh) = a*W-n

N = 6 for mesons (k+k-)/(+-) ~ 1

ks0(ds) / K+(us) ~ 2/25

Ratio of(ks0ks

0)/(k+k-)

is not const ??

W dependence of the cross section ratio of 0 to 00

+-

K+K-

Cross section ( hh) = a*W-n

N = 6 for mesons

N = 10 for baryons PP

N = 15.1±1.1±1.5 12.4±2.4±1.5 N = 10 Asymptotic?

W: 2.5 – 2.9 W: 3.2 – 4.0

10.5 ± 1.2 ± 0.5

00)/(+-)

W distribution of

pp

PP +-

gg h+h-

PP +-

PP “R”

PP +K-

W+- and WK+K- distributions (W)

in --> PP K+K- / +- reactions (gg K+K- / gg +-)

KK gg KK

Charge Correlation in pp k+k- process

Opp-sign combinations

(PK-, PK+)

Like-sign combinations

(PK-, PK+)

PP +- e+e- D*- D+ +-

e+e-

D*- D+ +-

Opp-sign combinations

(D*-+, D+-)

Like-sign combinations

(D*--, D++)

PP +-

e+e- D*- D+ +-

e+e- * Hadrons

e+e- e+e-* Hadrons

e+e- QQ Hadrons

ggg Hadrons

gg Hadrons

e+e- e+e- e+e- Hadrons

Heavy Ion Collision

Au+Au ?? Hadrons

Extra dimension?

EM Strong

Weak ?B or D meson decays (top?)

Vacuum

Two-Photon

Annihilation Quarkonium Decay

events

W distribution of 0 W: invariant mass (0 ) or W

CLEO_c -- DD (DD,DD*,DsDs) & DD

Charm-Production in e+e- Annihilation around 4 GeV hep-ex/0710.0165

(CC) Energy level

Energy Level

DD threshold

Meson (Quarkonium)

X, Y, Z (Tetra Quark)

D* D

Jets Formation

Distance

C

C

C

C

C

C

C C

Meson immerges in Vacuum

C

C

(4040)

s s

u u

(4040) D*D*, DsDs

顏東茂 T.M. Yan

Mix of energy levels

width

Cluster (Herwig/Weber)

String (Pythia/LUND)

f0(980) + - ss or k+k-

Virtual K+K- is needed 0 / = (dd - uu) / 2½

Time

D+/D*+ = 0.36 ± 0.10 ± 0.20

PS/V ratio

D+ meson fragmentation function (‘85)

c-quark D-meson

e+e- c c D + x

V/PS

Seuster ‘06

e+e- c c DD + X

D

X

D

Correlation (OPAL)

Rapidity y = ½ ln[ (E + p║) / (E - p║)]

Short range correlation Long range correlation

Belle data MC (phase)

e+e- D*- D0 + (USTC)

D* D**, D D**

“Jet property”

KT vs Rapidity 10 GeV e+e- c c events

真空如何產生粒子 ?

* q q g

無中生有

E = MC2

energy

Vacuum <fluctuations>Space

Tim

e

energy

mass

Meson immerges in Vacuum

C

C

(4040)

s s

u u

(4040) D*D*, DsDs

Energy Level

DD threshold

Meson (Quarkonium)

X, Y, Z (Tetra Quark)

D* D

Jets Formation

Distance

C

C

C

C

C

C

C C

Particle production via

1. ggg / qq ggg/gg

2. hh * hadrons

3. PPhh * DD

4. e+e- cc, XYZ, DD, DD

jets

Space-Time structure of Vacuum

T < 10-20 s S < 10-18 m

Correlation – charge, flavor, baryon

Coherence Quantum Mechanics

e+e-+-

E+e- pi+pi- g