vad&3 · uoecj 2018 a vad&3 1 uoueocj 20:a 7 lkr egroiw.kz eqís 1- izkphu fojklrksa ds...

vad&3

uoEcj 2018

fo"k; lwph

1uoEcj 2018 A vad&3

lelkef;dh : Perfect 7

lkr egRoiw.kZ eqís

1- izkphu fojklrksa ds laj{k.k dh pqukSrh% ,d laLFkkxr leL;k

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa rfeyukMq ljdkj dh nks laLFkkvksa (Organisations) ds chp izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa@dykÑfr;ksa (Antiquities) ds laj{k.k dks ysdj fookn iSnk gks x;kA rfeyukMq iqfyl dh ^vkbMy foax* (Idol wing) us ̂ ,pvkjlhbZ foHkkx* ij vkjksi yxk;k gS fd mlus iqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr;ksa dk lgh rjhds ls losZ{k.k djds dEI;wVjkbts'ku ugha fd;k gS ftlls buds pksjh gksus ij ^tk¡p&iM+rky* (Investigation)

esa fnDdr vk jgh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd blds igys enzkl gkbZdksVZ us ,pvkjlhbZ foHkkx dks vkns'k fn;k Fkk fd og eafnjksa esa mifLFkr cgqewY; dykÑfr;ksa ds fjdkM~lZ (Records) dks dEI;wV~jkbTM djsa vkSj mudh mfpr fuxjkuh lqfuf'pr djsA

mYys[kuh; gS fd rfeyukMq ljdkj ds ^,pvkjlhbZ foHkkx* (Hinidu Religious and

Charitable Endowments Department- fgUnw èkkfeZd] nku ,oa v{k; fufèk foHkkx) dk xBu 1960 esa jkT; ds eafnjksa esa mifLFkr iqjko'ks"k o dykÑfr;ksa dh pksjh jksdus vkSj muds j[kj[kko gsrq fd;k x;k FkkA blds vykok ;g fofHkUu eafnjksa ds iz'kklu dk izcaèku vkSj fu;a=k.k djrk gSA

izkphu oLrq ;k vo'ks"k (Antiquities)

îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* ds vuqlkj] izkphu vo'ks"k oks gksrs gSa tks de ls de 100 o"kZ iqjkus gksaA ;s izkphu vo'ks"k foKku] dyk] f'kYi] jhfr&fjokt] èkeZ] lkfgR; ,oa le; vkfn ls lacafèkr ,sfrgkfld eqíksa dks tkuus o le>us dh n`f"V ls vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA

îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* ds rgr fuEufyf[kr izdkj dh oLrq,¡ îzkphu vo'ks"k* esa 'kkfey gksaxh&

¥ flDdk] ewfrZdyk] isafVax ,fixzkiQ (Epigraph) ,oa f'kYidyk bR;kfnA

¥ fdlh Hkou ;k xqiQk ls vyx (Datached)

dksbZ ys[k vkSj oLrqA

¥ og gj ys[k ;k oLrq] tks foKku] dyk] lkfgR;] èkeZ] jhfr&fjoktksa] uSfrdrk vkSj j.kuhfr vkfn dh ,sfrgkfld tkudkjh nsrk gSA

¥ dsUnz ljdkj ds jkti=k (Gazette) esa vfèklwfpr ,sfrgkfld egÙo dh ys[k ;k oLrqA

¥ ;fn dksbZ Hkh ik.Mqfyfi ;k fjdkMZ oSKkfud] ,sfrgkfld vkSj lkfgR;d n`f"V ls ewY;oku gS rks ;g de ls de 75 o"kZ iqjkuk gksuk pkfg,A

izkphu ys[kksa] oLrqvksa ;k vo'ks"kksa dk laj{k.k D;ksa vko';d gS\

izkphu ys[kksa] oLrqvksa ;k vo'ks"kksa ds laj{k.k ls gekjh ^dyk o laLÑfr* (Art and Culture)

dk laj{k.k gksrk gS vkSj fdlh ns'k ;k lekt ds xkSjo'kkyh bfrgkl dk c;ku fcuk mlds ^dyk o laLÑfr* ds ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA lgh vFkks± esa dyk vkSj laLÑfr gh ekuo tkfr dks larqyu vkSj n`<+rk iznku djrh gSA blfy, bl fo"k; ij fopkj djus dk vFkZ vkSj earO; ;g gS fd ^dyk o laLÑfr* dks thfor j[kus okys ewY;ksa] vkn'kks±] fo'oklksa] ys[kksa] oLrqvksa ;k vo'ks"kksa ds laj{k.k gsrq Bksl ifj.kke izkIr fd, tk,¡A

,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; esa ^dyk ,oa laLÑfr* mruh gh izkphu gS ftruk ekuo dk mn~HkoA ekuo ds ikl ;g (dyk ,oa laLÑfr) ,d vewY; fufèk gS ftlds }kjk og ekuo gS] ;fn ;g u gksrh] rks og i'kqor thou;kiu djrkA blh ls lqlaLÑr gekjh èkjk us ,sls xq.koku ,oa deZB egkiq:"kksa dks tUe fn;k ftUgksaus viuh dk;Z'kSyh ds cy ij ns'k esa viuh ,d vfeV igpku cukbZ ftlls Hkkjr vkt fo'o ds iVy ij xkSjokfUor gks jgk gSA bu yksxksa us dyk ds fofoèk {ks=kksa esa egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z fd,A vkt bu

yksxksa dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, gesa viuh dyk ,oa laLÑfr dks lgstus ds lkFk&lkFk fujarj vkxs Hkh c<+kuk gksxkA

lacafèkr eqís

¥ voSèk O;kikj (Illicit Trade)- Hkkjr dh le`¼ lkaLÑfrd fojklr] ukSdj'kkgh dh mnklhurk vkSj iqjkrurk (Antiquity) ls lacafèkr dkuwuksa ds [kjkc dk;kZUo;u us Hkkjr esa izkphu oLrqvksa ds voSèk O;kikj dks iQyus&iwQyus dk Hkjiwj volj fn;k gSA gky ds o"kks± esa ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd bu izkphu oLrqvksa dh [kjhn&iQjks[r vkradh xfrfofèk;ksa gsrq iQaM tqVkus ds fy, Hkh fd;k x;k gSA

¥ ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] lu~ 2012 ls 2014 rd 250 ls vfèkd rLdj] îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* ds rgr idM+s x,] ftuesa ls vfèkdrj vkaèkzizns'k (rsyaxkuk lfgr) o dukZVd jkT; ds FksA bu idM+s x, rLdjksa esa fliQZ 6 dks gh ltk gks ikbZ] ckdh lc lk{;ksa ds vHkko o ukSdj'kkgh dh mnklhurk ds pyrs cjh gks x,A

¥ MsVkcsl dh deh& izkphu dky dh bu egRoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dh ^dsUnzhÑr lwpuk* (Centralised Information) dh vuqifLFkfr gS vkSj ekStwnk o pksjh dh xbZ dykÑfr;ksa ds ,d ^,dhÑr MkVkcsl* (Integrated

Database) dh deh gS] ,sls esa bu oLrqvksa ds pksjh gksus dk ges'kk mPp tksf[ke cuk jgrk gSA ̂ ,dhÑr MsVkcsl* dks fufeZr djus esa dsUnz o jkT;] nksuksa gh ljdkjsa mnklhu gSa] ftldh ckuxh enzkl gkbZdksVZ ds vkns'k esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA enzkl gkbZdksVZ us rfeyukMq ds ^,pvkjlhbZ foHkkx* dks iQVdkj yxkbZ Fkh fd og viuh M~;wVh

2 uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


dks iwjk djus esa ukdke jgk gS vkSj izkphu oLrqvksa ds laj{k.k o j[kj[kko ds izfr og dkiQh mnklhu gS] tks fpark dk fo"k; gSA

¥ [kjkc laj{k.k (Poor conservation)-

laxzgky;ksa ,oa vU; txgksa esa izkphu oLrqvksa dk [kjkc j[kj[kko vkSj dqizcaèku izeq[k fpark gS tcfd bu txgksa esa laj{k.k ds fy, izkIr gksus okys oLrqvksa dh {kfr igys ls gh dkiQh gks pqdh gksrh gS] tks laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls dkiQh uktqd gksrh gSaA

¥ iqjkrurk dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition

of Antiquity)- îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e* ds vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd bl vfèkfu;e esa izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dh iqjkrurk dh ifjHkk"kk (100 o"kks± ls vfèkd iqjkuh oLrq ^,UVhfDoVh* ekuh tk,xh) bruh O;kid gS fd t:jr ls vfèkd oLrq,¡ blesa lek x;h gSa] ftlls egRoiw.kZ oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dk laj{k.k xkS.k gks x;k gSA vr% ;g dkuwu vius mís';ksa dh izkfIr esa foiQy lkfcr gks jgk gS] ftlesa rRdky la'kksèku dh vko';drk gSA

¥ izfrÑfr;k¡ (Replicas)- bl dkuwu esa iqjkru oLrq@vo'ks"k dh îzfrÑfr* (,d gh vkdkj] vkSj lkexzh dh mlh rjg dh nwljh oLrq@ vo'ks"k cukuk) ds mRiknu ij izfrcaèk ugha yxk;k x;k gS] ftlls ewy oLrq ;k vo'ks"k ds pksjh o izfrLFkkiu gksus dk [krjk mRiUu gks x;k gSA

¥ iathdj.k (Registration)- îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* us ljdkj dks fofHkUu rjhds ds ,sls vfèkdkj iznku fd, gSa] tks iqjkru oLrqvksa ds futh laxzkgdksa (Private Collectors) dks viuh oLrqvksa ds iathdj.k gsrq grksRlkfgr djrs gSa] tSls ljdkjh vfèkdkjh iqjkru oLrqvksa ds ^vi;kZIr j[kj[kko* (Inadequate

Maintenance) ds vkèkkj ij dk;ZokbZ dj ldrs gSaA bl rjhds ds izkoèkku Hkz"Vkpkj o vuqfpr dk;ZokbZ;ksa dks tUe nsrs gSaA blds vykok] blus vutkus esa ?kjsyw O;kikj dks grksRlkfgr djds izkphu oLrqvksa dh rLdjh dk usr`Ro fd;k gSA

¥ naM (Punishment)- izkphu oLrqvksa o vo'ks"kksa dh rLdjh dks jksdus gsrq Hkkjr esa mifLFkr fofHkUu dkuwuksa o fu;eksa esa naM izkoèkku cgqr gYds gSa vkSj tks mifLFkr gSa]

mudk izHkkoh dk;kZUo;u Hkh ugha gks ik jgk gS] ftlls rLdjksa ;k pksjksa ds eu esa dkuwu ds izfr Hk; ugha O;kIr gks ik jgk gSA

¥ ,,lvkbZ ls lEcafèkr eqík& ^Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k* (ASI) dk xBu eq[; :i ls izkphu Lekjdksa vkSj iqjkrkfRod LFkyksa ds j[kj[kko] cgkyh (Restoration) vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA ckn eas bls iqjkru oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa ds cktkj dh fuxjkuh dk vfrfjDr dk;ZHkkj Hkh lkSaik x;k fdUrq dk;Z ds vuqikr esa blds lalkèkuksa dks ugha c<+k;k x;k] ftlus blds lhfer lalkèkuksa ij dkiQh ncko c<+k fn;k gSA

¥ tk¡p ds lkFk eqís& (Issues with

Investigation)- izkphu oLrqvksa dh pksjh ;k rLdjh ls fuiVus okyh tk¡p ,tsafl;ksa ds ikl fo'ks"kKrk dh deh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd dsUnz dh lhchvkbZ tSlh 'kh"kZ ,tsalh us vHkh rd ,sls ekeyksa ls fuiVus dh {kerk dks fodflr ugha dj ik;h gSA rfeyukMq tSls dqN jkT;ksa esa izkphu oLrqvksa dh rLdjh dks jksdus gsrq iqfyl dh Lis'ky foax ekStwn rks gS] fdUrq og dkiQh detksj o v;ksX; gSA bl izdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa us baVjiksy dh pksjh dh xbZ oLrqvksa dh lwph esa Hkkjrh; oLrqvksa dh mifLFkfr ntZ djkus esa lhferrk iznku dh gS] D;ksafd bu ,tsafl;ksa ds ikl vius ns'k dh izkphu oLrqvksa ;k vo'ks"kksa ds ewy LFkku o vU; tkudkjh ls lacafèkr vi;kZIr MkVk gS ftl dkj.k oks ;g fl¼ gh ugha dj ikrs gSa fd veqd oLrq Hkkjr dh gSA

^Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k* ds ckjs esalaLÑfr ea=kky; ds vèkhu ^Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo loZs{k.k* (ASI) jk"Vª dh lkaLÑfrd fojklrksa ds iqjkrRoh; vuqlaèkku rFkk laj{k.k ds fy, ,d çeq• laxBu gSA Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo loZs{k.k dk çeq• dk;Z jk"Vªh; egRo ds çkphu Lekjdksa rFkk iqjkrRoh; LFkyksa vkSj vo'ks"kksa dk j•j•ko djuk gSA blds vfrfjDr] ^çkphu laLekjd rFkk iqjkrRoh; LFky vkSj vo'ks"k vfèkfu;e] 1958* ds çkoèkkuksa ds vuqlkj ;g ns'k esa lHkh îqjkrRoh; xfrfofèk;ksa dks fofu;fer djrk gSA ;g îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* dks Hkh fofu;fer djrk gSA

jk"Vªh; egRo ds çkphu Lekjdksa rFkk iqjkrRoh; LFkyksa rFkk vo'ks"kksa ds j•j•ko ds fy, lEiw.kZ ns'k dks 24 eaMyksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA laxBu ds ikl iqjkrRoh; vuqlaèkku ifj;kstukvksa ds lapkyu ds fy, cM+h la[;k esa çf'kf{kr iqjkrRofonksa] laj{kdksa] iqjkys•fonksa] okLrqdkjksa rFkk oSKkfudksa dk dk;Z ny gSA

Note- xSj iqjkru oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa (Non-Antiquities) ds fu;kZr dks ckèkkjfgr djus ds fy, ̂ Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k* (ASI) us ^dLVe foHkkx* esa ^xSj&iqjkru izek.k i=k* (Non-Antiquity Certificate) tkjh djus gsrq fo'ks"kKksa dh fu;qfDr dh gSA

izkphu fojklrksa ds laj{k.k gsrq fd, x, iz;kl&

vaarjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl&

¥ lkaLÑfrd laifÙk;ksa ds voSèk vk;kr&fu;kZr vkSj gLrkarj.k vkfn dks jksdus gsrq lEesyu (1970)% ;wusLdks }kjk 1970 esa vk;ksftr bl lEesyu ds rgr lkaLÑfrd laifÙk;ksa dh rLdjh dks jksdus gsrq ,d ^varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk* vfLrRo esa vkbZA orZeku esa bl lafèk ij 137 lnL; ns'kksa us gLrk{kj fd, gSaA

¥ 1995 esa ;wuhMªkW;V dk lEesyu (UNIDROTI Convention, 1995): bVyh ds 'kgj esa 1995 esa ;wuhMªkW;V (UNIDROIT-

The International Institute for the

Unification of Private Law ;k Institue

International Pour L' Unification Du Drot

Prive) }kjk vk;ksftr bl lEesyu dk eq[; mís'; ;wusLdks ds 1970 ds lEesyu ds detksj igyqvksa dks igpkudj ,d l'kDr varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk FkkA

¥ brkoyh l'kL=k iqfy'k cy dh dkfcZfu;jh lkaLÑfr fojklr LDok;M (Cultural

Heritage Squad of Carabinieri): 1969 esa LFkkfir bl LDok;M us yxHkx 1-1 fefy;u xk;c dykÑfr;ksa dk ,d izHkko'kkyh MsVkcsl cuk;k gS vkSj ;g iqjkru oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dh j{kk ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d mPp Lrj dk izf'kf{kr iqfyl cy gSA blus vius ns'k (bVyh) ds fy, yk[kksa dykÑfr;ksa dh iquizkZfIr dh gSA

jk"Vªh; iz;kl

laoSèkkfud izkoèkku& Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds ^vuqPNsn 49* esa jk"Vªh; egÙo ds laLekjdksa (Monuments), LFkkuksa (Places) vkSj oLrqvksa (Objects) ds laj{k.k dh ckr dgh x;h gSA bl vuqPNsn ds vuqlkj jkT; (State) dh ;g ckè;rk gksxh fd og laln }kjk cukbZ xbZ fofèk ds varxZr ?kksf"kr dykRed ;k ,sfrgkfld egÙo okys izR;sd laLekjd] LFkku vkSj oLrqvksa dk laj{k.k djsA blh izdkj lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 51&d(p) esa bl ckr dh ppkZ dh x;h gS

3uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


fd Hkkjr dk izR;sd ukxfjd gekjh lkekfld laLÑfr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijEijk dk egRo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k djsaA

¥ ^îzkphu oLrq@vo'ks"k (fu;kZr fu;a=k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1947** dh txg 1972 esa îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e* yk;k x;k vkSj blh vfèkfu;e ds rgr 1973 esa fu;e (Rules) cuk, x,A 1972 ds vfèkfu;e ds rgr fuEufyf[kr izkoèkku fd;s x, gSa&

� iqjkru oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa ds iathdj.k dks vfuok;Zrk iznku dh xbZ gSA

� bl vfèkfu;e dh ^èkkjk 3* (Section 3)

ds vuqlkj dsUnzh; ,tsafl;ksa ds vykok vU; dksbZ Hkh iqjkru oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dk fu;kZr ugha dj ldrk gSA bl izdkj izkphu oLrqvksa ds O;kikj dks fofu;fer fd;k x;k gSA

� izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dh rLdjh vkfn dh jksdFkke ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k x;k gSA

¥ izkphu ys[kksa] oLrqvksa ;k vo'ks"kksa ds pksjh dh tk¡p&iM+rky ^lhchvkbZ* (dsUnzh; tk¡p C;wjks) dh fo'ks"k 'kk[kk (Antique Cell)

djrh gSA

izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa vkSj Lekjdksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; fe'ku% bl fe'ku dh 'kq#vkr laLÑfr ea=kky; ds varxZr 2007 esa dh xbZ Fkh vkSj bldk mís'; fofHkUu lzksrksa ls iqjkru oLrqvksa vkSj Lekjdksa dks ,d leku izk:i esa ,df=kr djds ,d ^jk"Vªh; jftLVj* (National

Register) rS;kj djuk gSA

bafM;k izkbM izkstsDV (India pride

Project)- ;g ,d izdkj ls flfoy lkslk;Vh

dh igy gS ftlds Lo;alsod nqfu;kHkj esa iQSys vius usVodZ ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh izkphu oLrqvksa dks okil ns'k esa ykrs gSaA

¥ îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* esa îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr fofu;eu] fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr foèks;d] 2017* ds rgr la'kksèku izLrkfor gSA bl foèks;d (Bill) ds egRoiw.kZ izkoèkku fuEukafdr gSa&

� tc ;g fcy ^dkuwu* esa ifjofrZr gks tk;sxk] rks 1972 ds vfèkfu;e ds rgr tkjh lHkh ykblsal fujLr (Repealed)

dj fn;s tk;saxsA

� ;g fcy Hkh ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa ds vykok vU; lHkh dks izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa ds fu;kZr gsrq euk djrk gSA

� ;g fcy ns'k ds Hkhrj izkphu oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ij izfrcaèk ugha yxkrk gS fdUrq O;kikjh@Mhyj dks ljdkj dks vius gj ysu&nsu dh tkudkjh miyCèk djkuh gksxhA

� bl elkSns ds vuqlkj] dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ;fn Hkkjr dh izkphu oLrq dks okil Lons'k oS| rjhds ls ykrk gS rks mls lhek 'kqYd ugha nsuk gksxkA

uksV% 2017 ds bl foèks;d ds vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd bl fcy esa iathdj.k vkSj ykblsal ds <hys izkoèkku gSa ftlls pksjh o rLdjh dk [krjk c<+ tk;sxkA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ izkphu ys[kksa] oLrqvksa vkSj Lekjdksa vkfn ds dqizcaèku vkSj rLdjh us îqjko'ks"k rFkk cgqewY; dykÑfr vfèkfu;e] 1972* dh

leh{kk dh vko';drk dks mtkxj fd;k gS] ftl ij ljdkj dks rRdky è;ku nsuk gksxkA

¥ ,,lvkbZ dks dsoy lkoZtfud iqjkrurkvksa (Public Antiquities) ds laj{k.k vkSj j[kj[kko ds dk;Z dks gh lkSaik tkuk pkfg,A vfrfjDr dk;ZHkkj gsrq vU; ,tsafl;ksa dks xfBr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ ^dsUnzh; lwpuk vk;ksx* (CIC) us ljdkj dks lykg nh gS fd ns'k esa ekStwn vkSj pksjh dh xbZ lHkh izkphu oLrqvksa@vo'ks"kksa dk ,d etcwr vkSj dsUnzhÑr MsVkcsl cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ izkphu oLrqvksa ds voSèk vk;kr&fu;kZr dks jksdus ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx o leUo;u dh vko';drk gSA

¥ Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr ds laj{k.k ds fy, ljdkj dks vke turk dk lg;ksx Hkh izkIr djuk gksxkA

lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&1

¥ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa izkphu dky ls vk/qfud dky rd ds dyk ds :i] lkfgR; vkSj okLrqdyk ds eq[; igyw 'kkfey gksaxsA


¥ 'kklu O;oLFkk] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ds egRoiw.kZ i{k] bZ&xous±l&vuqiz;ksx] ekWMy] liQyrk,a] lhek,a vkSj laHkkouk,a] ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk&i=k] ikjnf'kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh vkSj laLFkkxr rFkk vU; mik;A

¢

2- fnO;kaxksa dk l'kfDrdj.k% orZeku le; dh vko';drk

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa dsUnzh; U;k; vkSj vfèkdkfjrk ea=kky; ds varxZr fnO;kaxtu l'kfDrdj.k foHkkx (MhbZihMCY;wMh) }kjk 9&11 uoacj] 2018 rd fnO;kax ;qokvksa ds fy, oSf'od vkbZVh izfrLièkkZ dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl o"kZ Hkkjr] dksfj;k ljdkj vkSj fjgSfcfyVs'ku baVjus'kuy (vkj vkbZ) ds lg;ksx ls bl dk;ZØe dh estckuh dhA Hkkjr 2013 ls bl çfrLièkkZ esa Hkkx ys jgk

gS vkSj iqjLdkj thrrk jgk gS fiNys o"kZ ;g dk;ZØe fo;ruke esa vk;ksftr gqvk FkkA

D;k gS oSf'od vkbZVh çfrLièkkZ\% fnO;kax ;qokvksa ds fy, oSf'od vkbZVh çfrLièkkZ ,d {kerk fuekZ.k ifj;kstuk gS] tks fnO;kaxtuksa dks vkbZlhVh dh lgk;rk ls mudh dfe;ksa ij fot; ikus esa enn djrk gSA ;g fMftVy varj dks lekIr djsxk vkSj lekt esa fnO;kaxtuksa dh lgHkkfxrk dks c<+k,xkA

fdrus ns'k çfrHkkxh gSa\% bl dk;ZØe esa 18 ns'kksa& baMksusf'k;k] phu]fo;ruke] eysf'k;k] FkkbZySaM] Jhyadk] ckaXykns'k] usiky] eaxksfy;k] dEcksfM;k] ykvksl] fiQyhihal] dksfj;k] dtk•Lrku] fdfxZLrku] la;qÙkQ vjc vehjkr] Hkkjr vkSj fczVsu ds ;qokvksa us bl dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy;kA Hkkjr dh rjiQ ls 12 fnO;kax ;qokvksa us bl çfrLièkkZ esa Hkkx fy;kA bu ;qokvksa dk p;u jk"Vªh; vkbZVh çfrLièkkZ ds vkèkkj ij



fd;k x;k Fkk] ftls jk"Vªh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] dq:{ks=k us lapkfyr fd;k FkkA 13 ls 21 o"kZ vk;q oxZ esa n`f"V fnO;kaxrk] Jo.k fnO;kaxrk] yksdks eksVj fnO;kaxrk vkSj fodkl lacaèkh fodkj (ckSf¼d v{kerk@,evkj) okys 100 ls vfèkd ;qok bl dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy,A

fnO;kaxrk ls rkRi;Z% fu%'kÙkQ ;k fofdykax O;fÙkQ (leku volj] vfèkdkjksa dk laj{k.k vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh) vfèkfu;e] 1995 dh èkkjk 2(u)] (ftls ihMCY;wMh vfèkfu;e] 1995 ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gS) ¶fodykax O;fÙkQ dks ,sls O;fÙkQ ds¸ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS tks fdlh fpfdRlk çkfèkdkjh }kjk ;Fkk çekf.kr fdlh fodykaxrk ls U;wure 40 çfr'kr ihfM+r gSA

tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj fnO;kaxks dks lkr Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkÙkQ fd;k x;k gS ;Fkk&n`f"V fnO;kaxrk] okd~ fnO;kaxrk] Jo.k fnO;kaxrk] py fnO;kaxrk] ekufld fnO;kaxrk] ekufld fnO;kaxrk ,oa cgw fnO;kaxrkA

fnO;kaxksa dh orZeku fLFkfr

oSf'od fLFkfr& fo'o cSad ds vuqlkj 1 fcfy;u yksx ;k fo'o dh tula[;k dk 15 izfr'kr yksx fnO;kaxrk ls xzflr gSa ftlesa fodykaxksa dh l?kurk fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa T;knk ik;h tkrh gSA xSj fnO;kaxksa dh rqyuk esa fnO;kaxksa dh lkekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr n;uh; gSA tSls&fuEu f'k{kk] n;uh; LokLF; fLFkfr] fu;kstu dh fuEunj vkSj fuèkZurk nj vkfnA

¥ fo'o cSad ds vuqlkj fnO;kaxtuksa ds lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd lekos'ku ds eq[; ckèkkvksa esa HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj ifjogu] lg;ksxh ;a=k] rduhdh lapkj ds lkèkuksa] lsok forj.k esa varj] lkekftd HksnHkko vkSj iwokZxzg vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

¥ xjhch ,oa dqiks"k.k fodykaxrk ds [krjs dks vkSj vfèkd c<+k ldrh gS tSls&vi;kZIr f'k{kk ,oa vi;kZIr LokLF; lqfoèkk,¡] vlqjf{kr dk;Z djus dh fLFkfr] iznwf"kr i;kZoj.k] LoPN ty vkSj LoPNrk dh deh vkfnA

Hkkjr dh fLFkfr% Hkkjrh; lkekftd fodkl fjiksVZ rFkk tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 26-8 fefy;u O;fÙkQ fnO;kax gSa tks Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k dk 2-21 çfr'kr gS tcfd fo'o cSad ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa yxHkx

4&8 çfr'kr yksx fnO;kax gSaA Hkkjr esa dqy fnO;kaxksa esa ls 56 çfr'kr iq#"k gSaA 70 çfr'kr fnO;kax xzkeh.k i`"BHkwfe ds gSaA tula[;k ds vuqikr ds vkèkkj ij lcls vfèkd vk'kÙkQtu flfDde] vksfM'kk] tEew o d'ehj rFkk y{k}hi esa ik, x, tcfd tula[;k esa v'kÙkQtuksa dk lcls de vuqikr rfeyukMq] vle o fnYyh esa ik;k x;kA

bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa yxHkx 45 çfr'kr fnO;kax fuj{kj gSaA vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd dsjy tks fd 'kr&çfr'kr lk{kj jkT; gS] ogka ij Hkh 33-1 çfr'kr fnO;kax fuj{kj ik, x,A

è;krO; gS fd Hkkjr dh lk{kjrk nj yxHkx 74 çfr'kr gSA Hkkjr esa 7-5 djksM+ (75 fefy;u) cPps Ldwy ugha tk ikrs gSaA buesa ls yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ cPps fnO;kax gSaA blds foijhr tgka ,d vksj 20 çfr'kr cPps pyu vk'kDrrk ls xzLr gSa] ogha nwljh vksj 0&6 o"kZ dh vk;q ds dsoy 9 çfr'kr cPpksa esa ;g pyu v'kÙkQrk ikbZ xbZA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ;g varj çHkkoh iksfy;ks dk;ZØe dh liQyrk ds dkj.k gks ldrk gSA

è;krO; gS fd Hkkjr vc iksfy;ks eqÙkQ ns'k ?kksf"kr gks pqdk gSA ekufld v'kÙkQrk o ekufld xfrjksèk okys fnO;kax lcls de la[;k esa ik, x,A lkekftd fodkl fjiksVZ] 2016 ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa dsoy 2 çfr'kr fnO;kax fdlh O;kolkf;d ikBÔØe ls tqM+s gq, gSaA Hkkjr esa 64 çfr'kr fnO;kax xSj&Jfedksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA tgka ,d vksj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij rfeyukMq 59 çfr'kr xSj&Jfed fnO;kaxksa ds lkFk lcls de Hk;kog fLFkfr çnf'kZr dj jgk gS ogha dsjy esa 74-52 çfr'kr (lcls vfèkd) fnO;kax xSj&Jfed dh Js.kh esa gSaA bl fjiksVZ ds çdk'k esa fnO;kaxksa dh leL;kvksa ij ;fn ge n`f"V Mkysa rks fuEufyf•r jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; ç;kl rFkk pqukSfr;k¡ n`f"Vxkspj gksrs gSaA

ljdkjh ç;kl

fnO;kaxrk ls fuiVus ds fy, ljdkj us vusd egRoiw.kZ dne mBk;sa gSa& tSls

fu%'kÙkQ O;fÙkQ vfèkdkj (leku volj] vfèkdkjksa dk laj{k.k vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh) vfèkfu;e] 1995% ;g vfèkfu;e lqxE;rk] ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k] LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj iquokZl ij dsafær gSA

dY;k.kkFkZ jk"Vªh; U;kl vfèkfu;e] 1999% vkWfVTe] çefLr"d vax?kkr] ekufld eanrk vkSj cgqfodykaxrk bR;kfn ls xzLr O;fÙkQ;ksa ds dY;k.kkFkZ jk"Vªh; U;kl vfèkfu;e] 1999 ds varxZr o"kZ 2000 esa jk"Vªh; U;kl dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA ;g Lo;alsoh laxBuksa] fodykax O;fÙkQ;ksa dh laLFkkvksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa dh laLFkkvksa ds ,d ra=k ds ekè;e ls dk;Z djrk gSA blds varxZr ns'k Hkj esa 3 lnL; LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr;ka LFkkfir djus] rFkk tgka dgha vko';d gks fodykax O;fÙkQ;ksa gsrq dkuwuh laj{kd rSukr djus dk çkoèkku gSA

fodykax O;fÙkQ vfèkfu;e 1995 ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq ;kstuk (fliMk)% fodykax O;fÙkQ vfèkfu;e ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq fofHkUu dk;Zdykiksa gsrq fo'ks"kdj fo'ofo|ky;ksa] lkoZtfud Hkouksa] jkT; ljdkj lfpoky;ksa] jkT; fodykaxrk vk;qÙkQ ds dk;kZy; vkfn esa ckèkkeqÙkQ okrkoj.k l`ftr fd;s tkus gsrq jkT; ljdkjksa vkSj dsUæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk lapkfyr laLFkkuksa@laxBuksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tkrh gSA

lqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku% ljdkj ds bl çeq• dk;ZØe dk mís'; l{ke vkSj ckèkkjfgr okrkoj.k rS;kj dj fnO;kaxtuksa ds fy, lqxE;rk miyCèk djkuk gSA bls rhu mís';ksa& rS;kj okrkoj.k esa lqxE;rk] ifjogu ç.kkyh esa lqxE;rk vkSj Kku rFkk vkbZlhVh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k esa igqap ij dsafær fd;k x;k gSA

;wMhvkbZMh dkMZ% ljdkj us osc vkèkkfjr vlkèkkj.k fnO;kax igpku (;wMhvkbZMh) rS;kj fd;k gSA bl igy ls fnO;kax çek.k i=k dh çekf.kdrk lqfuf'pr djus esa cM+h enn feysxh vkSj vyx&vyx dk;ks± ds fy, dbZ çek.k i=k lkFk j•us dh ijs'kkuh nwj gksxh D;ksafd fnO;kax dk çdkj lfgr fofHkUu fooj.k vkWuykbu miyCèk gksxkA

Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk% ljdkj us eSfVªd ds igys (46000 LykWV~l)] eSfVªd ds ckn (16650 LykWV~l) vkSj mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk (100 LykWV~l) ikus ds bPNqd fnO;kax Nk=kksa ds fy, Hkh ;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA

Lokoyacu% fnO;kax O;fÙkQ;ksa ds dkS'ky çf'k{k.k ds fy, bl jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA ,u,lMhlh ds lg;ksx ls fnO;kaxtu l'kfÙkQdj.k foHkkx us vxys rhu o"kks± (igys o"kZ esa ,d yk•] nwljs o"kZ esa Ms<+

5uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


yk• vkSj rhljs o"kZ esa <+kbZ yk•) ds fy, çLrko fd;k gSA dk;Z ;kstuk dk mís'; 2022 ds var rd 25 yk• fnO;kaxtuksa dks dkS'ky çf'k{k.k nsuk gSA

fnO;kaxtuksa ds dY;k.k vkSj l'kfÙkQdj.k gsrq foHkkx% uhfrxr ekeyksa vkSj fØ;k&dykiks ds lkFkZd :>kuksa ij è;ku dsafær djus vkSj fnO;kaxtuksa ds dY;k.k rFkk l'kfÙkQdj.k ds mís'; ls 12 ebZ] 2012 dks lkekftd U;k; vkSj vfèkdkfjrk ea=kky; esa ls fnO;kaxtu l'kfÙkQdj.k foHkkx cuk;k x;kA foHkkx dk mís';& ,d leLr lekos'kh lekt dk fuekZ.k djuk ftlesa fnO;kaxtuksa dh mUufr vkSj fodkl ds fy, leku volj miyCèk djk;s tkrs gSa rkfd os l`tukRed] lqjf{kr vkSj çfrf"Br thou th ldsaA

fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2016% fu%'kÙkQ O;fÙkQ vfèkdkj (leku volj] vfèkdkjksa dk laj{k.k vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh) vfèkfu;e] 1995 ds çkoèkkuksa ds vuq:i nksgjs mís';ksa lfgr] mlds lgh dk;kZUo;u dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, Hkh dsaæ ljdkj us fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2016 dks vfèkfu;fer fd;k tks 19-04-2017 ls çHkkoh gSA ;g vfèkfu;e lekos'kh f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus] i;kZIr lkekftd lqj{kk] jkstxkj vkSj iquokZl ds ekè;e ls fnO;kaxtu ds iw.kZ vkSj çHkkoh lekos'k dks lqfuf'pr djus ds mik; miyCèk djkrk gSA blesa fnO;kaxtuksa gsrq ljdkjh çfr"Bkuksa esa vkj{k.k dks 3 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj 4 çfr'kr dj fn;k x;k gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ç;kl

¥ foVkfeu , o vk;ju dk forj.kA

¥ iYl iksfy;ks dk;ZØeA

¥ fodykaxtu ds vfèkdkj ls lacafèkr la;qÙkQ jk"Vª vfHkle; (United Nation Convention

on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

(UNCRPD) dks Hkkjr us 1 vDVwcj] 2007 dks vfHkiq"V fd;k FkkA

fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj fu;e] 2017% bl fu;e dh èkkjk 3 dh mièkkjk (3) ds micaèkksa dk] vfèkfu;e ds varxZr vkus okys fnO;kaxtuksa ds fdlh vfèkdkj vkSj mudks çkIr gksuks okys fdlh iQk;ns ls badkj djus ds fy, nq:i;ksx ugha fd;k tk,xkA ;fn ljdkjh laLFkku dk çeq• ;k dksbZ futh laLFkku] tks chl ls vfèkd O;fÙkQèk;ksa dks fu;ksftr dj jgk gS] fnO;kaxrk ds

vkèkkj ij HksnHkko ds lacaèk esa dksbZ f'kdk;r çkIr djrk gS rks og &

¥ vfèkfu;e ds micaèkksa ds vuqlkj dkjZokbZ vkjaHk djsxk] ;k

¥ O;fFkr O;fÙkQ;ksa dks fyf•r esa lwfpr djsxk fd fdl çdkj vk{ksfir dkjZokbZ ;k yksi fdlh fofèkekU; è;s; dks iwjk djus ds fy, lekuqikfrd lkèku gSA

;fn O;fFkr O;fÙkQ] ;FkkfLFkfr] fnO;kaxtuksa ds fy, eq[; vk;qDr ;k jkT; vk;qÙkQ dks f'kdk;r çLrqr djrk gS rks f'kdk;r dk fuiVku lkB fnu dh vofèk ds Hkhrj fd;k tk,xk ijarq vkikrdkyhu ekeyksa esa eq[; vk;qÙkQ ;k jkT; vk;qÙkQ f'kdk;r dk ;Fkk'kh?kz fuiVku djsxkA dksbZ LFkkiu fdlh fnO;kaxtu dks ;qfÙkQ;qÙkQ vkoklu miyCèk djkus ij mixr fdlh ykxr dks Hkkxr% ;k iw.kZr% lanÙk djus ds fy, ckè; ugha djsxkA

pqukSfr;k ¡

gkykafd ljdkj us fnO;kaxrk ls fuiVus ds fy, vusd dne mBk;s gSa ysfdu fLFkfr esa dqN •kl lqèkj ugha gqvk gS rFkk blls fuiVus esa fuEufyf•r pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS&

¥ ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk u feyikuk] jktuSfrd bPNk 'kfDr dh deh rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj] lkekftd lsokvksa dk vHkko] ifjogu dh lqfoèkk dk vHkko o vfèkd ewY; ds dkj.k LokLF; lsokvksa dh lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr gksuk vkfnA

¥ 'kkjhfjd] ekufld fodykaxrk ds dkj.k HkkoukRed vlarqyuA

¥ çkÑfrd çdksi ds le; ;Fkksfpr lqj{kk dk vHkkoA

¥ vHkkoxzLrrk o vKkurkA

¥ vaèkfo'okl o #f<+oknh lkspA

¥ bl oxZ ds fy, •klrkSj ij ewd&cfèkjksa ds fy, fo'ks"k Ldwyksa dk vHkko gS ftldh otg ls vfèkdka'k fodykax Bhd ls i<+&fy• ugha ikrsA

¥ fodykaxrk dh leL;k ls nks pkj gks jgs yksxksa ds fy, tks U;wure vko';d lqfoèkk,a lkoZtkfud txgksa ij gksuh pkfg,] mldk vHkko yxHkx lHkh 'kgjksa esa gSA vLirky] f'k{kk laLFkku] iqfyl LVs'ku tSlh txgksa ij

Hkh muds fy, VkW;ysV ;k Oghy ps;j ugha gSA xSj ljdkjh laLFkk ^Lo;a iQkmaMs'ku* us ns'k ds vkB 'kgjksa esa fd;s vius loZs esa ik;k fd lkoZtkfud txgksa ij tks lqfoèkk,¡ fodykaxksa ds fy, gksuh pkfg,] os ugha gSaA

¥ Hkkjr esa dbZ txgksa ij ekufld chekfj;ksa dks dyad ds :i esa fy;k tkrk gS ,oa buds funku ds fy, vko';d euksfpfdRldh; o fpfdRldh; lqfoèkkvksa dk vHkko gSA vr% buls lacafèkr çfrosnu leqfpr :i ls rS;kj ugha gks ikrs gSaA

¥ ^,Dlsflcy bafM;k dSaisu* ;kuh ^lqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku* ds rgr fd, x;s bl loZs esa eqacbZ ds 51 lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh iM+rky dh x;hA yxHkx vLlh iQhlnh LFkkuksa ij jSEi ugha ik;k x;kA bl loZs esa 'kkfey fdlh Hkh fcfYMax esa fodykaxksa ds fy, vyx ls ikfd±x dh O;oLFkk ugha FkhA tcfd vfèkdrj fcfYMax esa fuèkkZfjr ekudksa ds vuqlkj fodykaxksa ds fy, 'kkSpky; rd ugha ik;k x;kA eqacbZ ds vkykok paMhx<+] fnYyh] iQjhnkckn] nsgjknwu] xq#xzke] t;iqj vkSj okjk.klh esa Hkh bl rjg ds loZs fd;s x;sA Lo;a iQkmaMs'ku ds lkuw uk;j ds vuqlkj bu lHkh 'kgjksa esa fLFkfr yxHkx ,d tSlh gh gSA

¥ fnO;kaxksa ds çfr lkekftd lksp dh ckr djsa rks vkèkqfud gksus dk nkok djus okyk lekt vc rd fodykaxksa ds çfr viuh cqfu;knh lksp esa dksbZ •kl ifjorZu ugha yk ik;k gSA vfèkdrj yksxksa ds eu esa fodykaxksa ds çfr frjLdkj ;k n;k Hkko gh jgrk gS] ;g nksuksa Hkko fodykaxksa ds LokfHkeku ij pksV djrs gSaA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ ldkjkRed ifj.kke ds fy, nh?kZdkyhu mik;ksa ij tksj nsus dh t#jr gS lkFk gh fodykax O;fÙkQ;ksa dks f'k{kk] jkstxkj vkSj O;olk; ds fy, fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ fodykaxksa ds fy,] •klrkSj ij] ewd&cfèkjksa ds fy, fo'ks"k Ldwyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA fnO;kaxtuksa dks volj çnku djuk ;k mu ij fuos'k djuk ?kkVs dk lkSnk ugha gS cfYd blls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh etcwr gksxhA



¥ mijk"Vªifr ,e osadS;k uk;Mw ds vuqlkj fnO;kax yksxksa ds çfr viuh lksp vkSj ekufldrk dks cnyus dh t:jr gSA fodykaxksa dks lekt dh eq[;èkkjk esa rHkh 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS tc lekt bUgsa viuk fgLlk le>s] blds fy, ,d O;kid tkx:drk vfHk;ku dh t:jr gSA

lrr fodkl y{;ksa ds vuqlkj

¥ fodykax yksxksa dks lkoZtfud ifjogu ç.kkyh dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, txg nsaA mUgsa vkjf{kr lhVksa ij cSBus esa lg;ksx djsaA

¥ mUgsa viuh ikfdZax dh txg dk mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr nsaA

¥ tc vki fdlh Hkh us=kghu O;fÙkQ dks lM+d ikj djrs gq, ns•as vxj mls t:jr gSa] rc mldh enn djsaA

¥ fodykax cPpksa dh Ldwyh f'k{kk esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ckèkkvksa dks mRiUu u gksus nsaA mUgsa Ldwyksa esa viuh mez ds nwljs cPpksa ds lkFk f'k{kk çkIr djus dk leku vfèkdkj gSA

¥ fodykaxrk ds vkèkkj ij muds lkFk gksus okys HksnHkko dks can djsaA

¥ fdlh Hkh çdkj dh lkekftd otZukvksa ds dkj.k fodykax yksxksa dks jkstxkj nsus esa ijgst u djsaA

¥ dk;ZLFky ds okrkoj.k dks fodykax yksxksa ds vuq:i l{ke cuk,aA

¥ fodykax yksxksa dk etkd u cuk,a ;k mu ij u galsaA

¥ muds vkRelEeku ds fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx djsa] rkfd os vkRefuHkZj cusa rFkk lkekU; thou O;rhr dj ldsaA

fu"d"kZ

u dsoy Hkkjr esa cfYd lewph nqfu;k esa ,d le; rd fnO;kaxrk dks fliQZ fpfdRlk lacaèkh leL;k le>k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu le; ds lkFk fnO;kaxtuksa ds izfr yksxksa dh lksp cnyh gS lkFk gh nqfu;k us budk yksgk Hkh ekuk gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij lqçfl¼ oSKkfud LVhiQu gkfdal] v#f.kek flUgk (ioZrkjksgh)] 'kkjhfjd :i ls

fodykax UPSC-2014 dh VkWij bjk fla?ky vkfn fnO;kax O;fÙkQ;ksa }kjk ftl rjg ls thou ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa liQyrk ds u, lksiku x<+s x,] mUgksaus lekt dh ekufldrk dks cnyus dk dke fd;kA

lekt us fnO;kaxrk fliQZ O;fÙkQ dh dqN 'kfÙkQ;ksa dks lhfer dj ldrh gS] mldh çxfr dh leLr laHkkoukvksa dks vo#¼ ugha dj ldrhA vr% vko';drk ;g gS fd fnO;kaxtuksa dks mfpr lacy] leku volj vkSj leqfpr lg;ksx çnku fd;k tk,A


¥ dsUnz ,oa jkT;ksa }kjk tula[;k ds vfr laosnu'khy oxks± ds fy, dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,a vkSj bu ;kstukvksa dk dk;Z&fu"iknu] bu vfr laosnu'khy oxks± dh j{kk ,oa csgrjh ds fy, xfBr ra=k] fof/] laLFkku ,oa fudk;A

¢

3- Hkkjr&tkiku% lkefjd lk>snkj

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us f}i{kh; lacaèkksa dks etcwr djus ds fy, vk;ksftr 13osa Hkkjr&tkiku okf"kZd f'k•j lEesyu esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, tkiku dh vkfèkdkfjd ;k=kk laiUu dh gSA Hkkjr&tkiku ds chp f}i{kh; okrkZ ds nkSjku çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh vkSj muds tkikuh led{k f'katks vkcs us gkbZLihM Vªsu vkSj ukSlsuk lg;ksx lesr Ng le>kSrksa ij lgefr trkbZA nksuksa ns'kksa ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa vkSj fons'k eaf=k;ksa ds chp ^^2$2 okrkZ** dks ysdj Hkh lgefr cuhA bl nkSjku nksuksa usrkvksa ds chp fofHkUu f}i{kh; eqíksa ds vykok {ks=kh; o oSf'od elyksa ds lkFk gh fgan&ç'kkar {ks=k ds ekStwnk gkykr ij Hkh ppkZ gqbZA

i`"BHkwfe

Hkkjr vkSj tkiku ds chp eS=kh lacaèkksa dk ,d yack bfrgkl jgk gS tks vkè;kfRed lksp esa lekurk rFkk etcwr lkaLÑfrd ,oa lH;rkxr fj'rksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA nksuksa vkèkqfud ns'kksa us iqjkus lacaèkksa dh ldkjkRed fojklr dks tkjh j[kk gS tks yksdra=k] O;fDrxr vktknh rFkk

dkuwu ds 'kklu esa fo'okl ds lk>s ewY;ksa ls lqn`<+ gqvk gSA

Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk tkiku esa lekos'k dk igyk mnkgj.k ^ukjk dk rksMkbZ eafnj* gS tgk¡ Hkxoku cq¼ dh fo'kky ewfrZ dk vfHk"ksd ,oa mn~?kkVu 752 bZLoh esa ,d Hkkjrh; laU;klh] cksfèklu }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA bu nksuksa jk"Vªksa us iqjkus ,lksfl,'ku dh ldkjkRed fojklr dks lja{k.k nsrs gq, yksdra=k dh xfjek] fo'okl] O;fÙkQxr Lora=krk vkSj dkuwu ds 'kklu ds lk>k ewY;ksa dks cy çnku fd;k rFkk bl fn'kk esa lkFkZd ç;kl Hkh fd;s gSaA vkt Hkkjr ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k rFkk tkiku lokZfèkd le`¼ yksdra=k gSA

jktuhfrd lacaèk% Hkkjr&tkiku jktuhfrd lacaèkksa ds eq[; igyw gSa&

¥ Hkkjr&tkiku f}i{kh; lacaèk fdlh izdkj ds fookn tSls oSpkfjd] lkaLÑfrd ;k HkkSxksfyd ls eqDr jgs gSaA vktknh ds ckn ls nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp jktuhfrd ;k=kk,a izkjaHk gqb± rFkk lacaèkksa esa izxk<+rk vkbZA jktuf;d lacaèkksa dh LFkkiuk ds ckn

1957 esa tkikuh izèkkuea=kh us Hkkjr dh ;k=kk laiUu dh rFkk blds ckn 1958 esa rRdkyhu izèkkuea=kh ia-usg: us tkiku dh ;k=kk laiUu dhA tkikuh izèkkuea=kh dh o"kZ 2000 esa egRoiw.kZ Hkkjr ;k=kk ds nkSjku 21oha 'krkCnh esa ^Hkkjr&tkiku oSf'od lk>snkjh* dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA

¥ 2006 esa çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag vkSj f'katks vkcs us okf"kZd çèkkuea=kh; f'k•j lEesyu ds çkoèkku ds lkFk oSf'od vkSj lkefjd lk>snkjh ds Lrj ij lacaèkksa dks etcwr djus ij lgefr O;ÙkQ dh FkhA rc ls ysdj vkt rd okf"kZd lEesyu oSdfYid :i ls Hkkjr vkSj tkiku esa gks jgs gSaA tkiku vkSj Hkkjr ds chp ,d ^O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh djkj* (lhbZih,) 2011 esa laiUu gqvk FkkA

¥ 2014 esa nksuksa ns'kksa us ^fo'ks"k j.kuhfrd vkSj oSf'od Hkkxhnkjh* ds lacaèk esa lacaèkksa dks vixzsM djus ij lgefr O;ÙkQ dhA

¥ 2014 esa 130 fVªfy;u tkikuh ;su dh ^tkiku&Hkkjr] esd bu bafM;k Lis'ky

7uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


iQkbusal lqfoèkk* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA okf"kZd f'k•j lEesyu ds vykok nksuksa ns'kksa us dbZ rjg ds laokn ra=kksa dh LFkkiuk dh gS tSls fd vFkZO;oLFkk] okf.kfT;d] foÙkh; lsokvksa] LokLF;] lM+d ifjogu] ukSogu] f'k{kk vkfnA izèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh us uoacj 2016 dks Hkkjr&tkiku 11oha okf"kZd cSBd esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, tkiku dh ;k=kk laiUu dhA tkikuh izèkkuea=kh f'katks vkcs us 12oha okf"kZd cSBd esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, Hkkjr dh ;k=kk flracj 2017 dks laiUu dhA blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkkjr&tkiku jktuhfrd lacaèkksa fd fdruh etcwr bekjr gSA

vkfFkZd vkSj okf.kfT;d lacaèk% vxLr 2011 esa ykxw ^Hkkjr&tkiku O;kid vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh le>kSrk* (lhbZih,) vHkh rd ds lHkh le>kSrksa esa lcls vfèkd O;kid gSA lhbZih,] HkkSfrd oLrqvksa ds O;kikj dh gh ugha cfYd lsokvksa] fuos'k] ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj] lhek 'kqYd çfØ;kvksa vkSj vU; O;kikj lacaèkh eqíksa dks 'kkfey djrk gSA bl le>kSrs esa 2021 ds var rd Hkkjr vkSj tkiku ds chp dkjksckj ds 94» ls vfèkd oLrqvksa ds VSfjiQ dks lekIr djus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA tkiku 1958 ls gh ^f}i{kh; ½.k* ds rgr Hkkjr dks lgk;rk çnku dj jgk gSA

orZeku esa tkiku dh vksMh, (Official

Development Assistance) rsth ls vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, Hkkjr ds ç;klksa dk leFkZu dj jgh gS] fo'ks"kdj çkFkfedrk okys {ks=kksa tSls& fctyh] ifjogu] i;kZoj.kh; ifj;kstuk,a vkSj cqfu;knh ekuo dh t:jrksa ls lacafèkr ifj;kstuk,aA vgenkckn&eqacbZ gkbZ&LihM jsy] osLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚUV dkWfjMksj (Mh,iQlh)] ckjg u, vkS|ksfxd Vkmuf'ki ds lkFk fnYyh&eqacbZ baMfLVª;y dkWfjMksj] psUubZ&csaxyq: baMfLVª;y dkWfjMksj (lhchvkbZlh) vkfn lHkh esxk ifj;kstukvksa dks tkikuh lgk;rk feyh gSA

foÙkh; o"kZ 2016&17 esa Hkkjr&tkiku 13-61 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj dk FkkA Hkkjr dk tkiku dks fu;kZr blh o"kZ esa 3-86 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj Fkk rks ogha vk;r 9-76 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj Fkk] tks O;kikj ?kkVs dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA f}i{kh; f'k[kj lEesyu esa Hkkjr bl O;kikj ?kkVs ds eqís dks yxkrkj mBkrk jgrk gSA

o"kZ 2016&17 esa tkikuh ,iQMhvkbZ 4-7 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj Fkk tks fiNys o"kZ dh

rqyuk esa 80» dh o`f¼ dks n'kkZrk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd o"kZ 2000 ls tkiku ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k ds ekeys esa rhljs LFkku ij cuk gqvk gS tks vc 25-7 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj ds Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gSA (lzksr% fons'k ea=kky;)

j{kk vkSj lqj{kk lg;ksx% prqHkZqt igy us] ftls ckn esa 2012 esa MseksØsfVd flD;ksfjVh Mk;eaM ds :i esa uohÑr fd;k x;k Fkk] Hkkjr vkSj tkiku ds j.kuhfrd lacaèkksa esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gSA Hkkjr vkSj tkiku ds vykok bl xBcaèku esa la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k Hkh 'kkfey gSaA 1992 esa 'kq: gqbZ bl ukSlSfud vH;kl esa la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk vkSj Hkkjr 'kkfey Fks tcfd 2015 ls tkiku okf"kZd ekykckj ukSlsuk vH;kl dk LFkk;h lnL; gSA

orZeku ifjn`';

çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh vkSj tkiku ds çèkkuea=kh f'katks vkcs dh 29 vDVwcj 2018 dks gqbZ f'k•j okrkZ ds ckn Hkkjr vkSj tkiku us ,d gkbZ LihM jsy ifj;kstuk vkSj ukSlsuk lg;ksx lfgr 6 le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd, tks fuEufyf[kr gS&

¥ Hkkjr vkSj tkiku us vkil esa 75 vjc MkWyj ds cjkcj fons'kh eqæk dh vnyk&cnyh dh O;oLFkk dk le>kSrk fd;kA Hkkjr vkSj tkiku ds eè; gq, bl djsalh LoSi le>kSrs ls ns'k ds iQkWjsu ,Dlpsat vkSj dSfiVy ekdsZV esa fLFkjrk vk,xhA foÙk ea=kky; }kjk tkjh c;ku esa dgk x;k gS fd bl le>kSrs ds ckn Hkkjr t:jr iM+us ij fons'kh iwath ds bLrseky esa l{ke gks tk,xk vkSj cktkj ij bldk ldkjkRed çHkko ns•us dks feysxkA

¥ blds vykok vk;q"eku Hkkjr ls lEcafèkr LokLF; lsokvksa] fMftVy lk>snkjh] •k| çladj.k rFkk ukSlSfud lg;ksx dks ysdj nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp le>kSrs fd;s x;sA

¥ Hkkjr ds vk;q"k (vk;qoZsn] ;ksx vkSj çkÑfrd fpfdRlk] ;wukuh] fl¼ vkSj gksE;ksiSFkh) ea=kky; vkSj dukxkok çhiQSDpjy xouZesaV ds chp lg;ksx i=k (,evkslh) ij gLrk{kj gq,A

¥ tkiku us varjkZ"Vªh; lksyj xBcaèku esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, Hkh lgefr çnku dh gSA

¥ nksuksa usrkvksa us vius vkSipkfjd f'k•j lEesyu esa vkradokn ds c<+rs •rjksa vkSj mldh oSf'od igqap ij xgjh fpark Hkh çdV dhA

¥ tkiku us ijek.kq vkiwfrZdrkZ lewg (,u,lth) dh lnL;rk gkfly djus dh Hkkjr dh dksf'k'k dk leFkZu fd;kA

Hkkjr&tkiku lacaèkksa dh egÙkk

¥ çèkkuea=kh eksnh us tkikuh m|fe;ksa dks Hkkjr esa vkSj fuos'k djus dk fuea=k.k fn;k gSA nwljh rjiQ j{kk lacaèkh elkSns] vkilh laidZ vkSj esd bu bafM;k Hkh nksuksa çèkkueaf=k;ksa dh eqykdkr esa ppkZ dk vge fo"k; jgkA

¥ tkiku ;k=kk ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; izèkkuea=kh us esd bu bafM;k lsfeukj esa dgk fd O;kikj djus dh lgwfy;r mudh ljdkj dh lcls cM+h çkFkfedrk gS] tkfgj gS fd b'kkjk cqysV Vªsu dks ys dj mBh fparkvksa dh vksj gh FkkA vxj cqysV Vªsu dks Hkkjr esa lkdkj djuk gS rks tkikuh rduhdh vkSj fuos'k egRoiw.kZ gSA

¥ tkiku] Hkkjr vkSj mlds vkl&iM+ksl esa ifjogu {kerk dh deh nwj djus esa enn djus dks rS;kj gSA Hkkjr vkSj tkiku feydj u fliQZ ,f'k;k&vÚhdk xzksFk dkWfjMksj ds fodkl esa dke dj jgs gSa cfYd fgan&ç'kkar pkSrjiQk lqj{kk ckrphr (baMks&iSflfiQd DokMªhysVjy flD;ksfjVh Mk;ykWx) ij Hkh nksuksa ns'kksa dh ,d leku uhfr;k¡ gSaA nksuksa ns'k ckaXykns'k] usiky vkSj Jhyadk esa vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl vkSj ÅtkZ {ks=k esa dke djsaxsA

¥ Hkkjr ds cM+s vkSj c<+rs cktkj vkSj blds lalkèkuksa] fo'ks"k :i ls ekuo lalkèku] lfgr fofHkUu dkj.kksa dh otg ls Hkkjr esa tkiku dh #fp c<+ jgh gSA

¥ fiNys dqN le; esa vesfjdk dh uhfr;ksa esa vk, ifjorZuksa ds eísutj Hkkjr vkSj tkiku dks ^Hkkjr&tkiku Iyl ou dh uhfr* ij dke djuk pkfg, vFkkZr lkjk è;ku Dok;M (prqHkqZt lkefjd le>kSrksa) ij yxkus ds ctk; feuh&ySVjYl (NksVh&NksVh lekukarj) dh uhfr ij vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A vxj lw>wc> ds lkFk uhfr fuèkkZj.k gks rks nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds dbZ ns'k bldk fgLlk Hkh cu ldrs gSaA

¥ Hkkjr vkSj tkiku nksuksa gh ns'kksa ds le{k phu ,d cM+h rkRdkfyd vkSj nwjxkeh lkefjd o j.kuhfrd pqukSrh ds rkSj ij mHkjk gSA nksuksa ns'kksa dks bl pqukSrh ds fy, •qn dks rS;kj djuk gksxkA tgka Hkkjr vkSj



tkiku nksuksa gh phu dh c<+rh lSU; 'kfÙkQ] fujarj eq•j gksrh fons'k uhfr] lhek fooknksa ij vkØked #• vkSj 2013 esa 'kq: gqbZ ou csYV ou jksM ifj;kstuk dks eqÙkQ] •qys vkSj mnkj varjjk"Vªh; vkSj {ks=kh; O;oLFkk ds fy, •rjk ekurs gSa] rks ogha nksuksa ns'kksa dks ;g Hkh yxrk gS fd phu ls •qysvke cSj ysuk Bhd ugha gS vkSj lacaèkksa dks okrkZ ,oa dwVuhfr ls pyk;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ yksdra=k vkSj ekuokfèkdkj dk eqík yksdra=k ds ewY;ksa dks lk>k djrk gSA Hkkjr vkSj tkiku u dsoy ,f'k;k&ç'kkar {ks=k esa ,d nwljs ds lg;ksxh gSa cfYd os vke yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dks Hkh lk>k dj jgs gSaA Hkkjr ,f'k;k esa lcls cM+k yksdra=k gS tcfd tkiku rduhdh esa lcls le`¼ gSA

Hkkjr&tkiku lacaèkksa esa phuh iQSDVj

1- nksuksa ns'kksa esa phu ds lkFk lhek (Hkwfe@leqæh) ls tqM+s eqís] nq'euh dk dkj.k gSaA Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp lhek fookn ,d yack eqík jgk gSA fgeky;h {ks=k esa Mksdyke iBkj ij gky dk fookn bldk Toyar mngkj.k gSAnksuksa ns'kksa }kjk ekStwnk lhek ekunaMksa dks rksM+us dk vius led{kksa ij vkjksi yxk;k x;k gSA

2- tkiku vkSj phu ds eè; Hkh lhek fookn gSA nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp iwohZ phu lkxj esa fLFkr nks }hiksa ij mHkjk {ks=kh; fookn gS bUgsa tkiku esa lsudkdl vkSj phu esa fM;kvks;w ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA orZeku esa nksuksa }hi tkiku }kjk lapkfyr gksrs gSa ysfdu phu }kjk bl ij nkok fd;k tkrk gSA fiNys dqN lkyksa ls ;g la?k"kZ c<+ jgk gS D;ksafd bl {ks=k esa phu dh leqæh 'kfÙkQ c<+rh tk jgh gSA Hkkjr ds ̂ ,DV bZLV ikWfylh* (,bZih) us bl {ks=k esa phu ds

çHkko dks de fd;kA ,bZih ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr us vkfl;ku ds lkFk vius lacaèkksa dks vkSj lqn`<+ fd;k gSA vc Hkkjr us vkfl;ku jkT;ksa ds lkFk E;kaekj vkSj FkkbZySaM ds ekè;e ls dusfDVfoVh dks c<+kok nsus ij viuk è;ku dsafær fd;k gSA

3- nf{k.k phu lkxj vkSj fgan egklkxj rFkk ç'kkar {ks=k esa phu dk çHkqRo nksuksa ns'kksa ds okf.kfT;d vkSj lkefjd fgrksa ds fy, •rjk gSA Hkkjr us nf{k.k phu lkxj ij viuh okLrfod fpark igys gh fn•k;h gS vkSj usfoxs'ku dh Lora=krk] leqæh lqj{kk] varjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu ds vuqlkj fookn dk 'kh?kz lekèkku vkSj lkxj ds dkuwu ij la;qÙkQ jk"Vª lEeysu esa ,d dksM vkWiQ daMDV fodflr djus rFkk 'kkafriw.kZ okrkZ ls blds lekèkku ds fy, etcwrh ls viuh uhfrxr fLFkfr dks Li"V fd;k gSA thok'e lalkèkuksa ds bLrseky ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds dqy O;kikj •aM dk 40» ls vfèkd fgLlk nf{k.k phu lkxj ds ekè;e ls gksrk gSA

4- 1949 esa phu ds tuoknh x.kjkT; dh LFkkiuk ds ckn ls lÙkkoknh fu;e dk ns'k esa cksyckyk jgk gSA jktuhfrd fojksfèk;ksa vkSj i=kdkjksa dks tsy Hkstus dh ltk dks phuh ljdkj ds ,tsaMs ds :i esa ns•k tk ldrk gSA blds lkFk gh çsl ij çfrcUèk vkSj èkkfeZd vlfg".kqrk Hkh bl ns'k dh lkekU; ?kVuk,a gSaA

vkxs dh jkg

Hkkjr&tkiku lacaèkksa dks oSf'od fLFkfr ds vuq:i <+kyus dh t#jr gS lkFk gh nksuksa ns'kksa ds eè; laiUu fofHkUu le>kSrksa ij vey djus dh vko';drk gS

¥ ;fn Hkkjr&tkiku lacaèk dks vkSj etcwr djuk gks ,oa nksuksa ns'k vÚhdk esa

vkfFkZd&j.kuhfrd ykHkka'k vftZr djuk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa y?kq ugha cfYd nh?kZdkyhu j.kuhfr ij dke djus dh vko';drk gSaA

¥ tgka rd f}i{kh; lacaèkksa dh ckr gS rks Hkkjr ds fy, tkiku bl le; dkiQh vge fn•kbZ ns jgk gSA blds dbZ dkj.k gSaA ,d rks ;g fd tkiku rduhd ds {ks=k esa ,f'k;k dk lcls fodflr ns'k gS vkSj Hkkjr dks rduhdh mUu;u o fodkl dh t:jr gSA vr% blds fy, tks Hkh j.kuhfrxr dfe;ka gSa mls nwj djus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ nwljk ;g fd Hkkjr dks ;fn iz'kkar {ks=k esa lfØ;rk c<+kuh gS rks Hkkjr dks vius i{k esa larqyu cuk, j•uk gksxk] blds fy, tkiku ds lkFk lexz ,oa vU;ksU;kfJrrk dh lk>snkjh djuh gksxh vkSj fiQj bls FkkbZySaM] fo;ruke] dEcksfM;k] fiQyhihUl vkfn rd foLrkj nsuk gksxkA dkj.k ;g gS fd bl {ks=k esa vc vfuf'prrk vkSj xSj&lEHkzkarrk okyh çfr;ksfxrk vfèkd fn•us yxh gSA

¥ Hkkjr ds fy, t:jh gS fd fgan egklkxj esa viuh fLFkfr dk vkdyu dj tkikuh lg;ksx ls lkWÝV o LVªSVsftd ikoj dk foLrkj djsA vr% Hkkjr dks vfrfjÙkQ lfØ;rk fn•kus dh vko';drk gksxhA

¥ baMks&iSflfiQd vkSj DokfMªySVjy flD;ksfjVh ds lanHkZ esa Hkh Hkkjr vkSj tkiku dks ,d u;h j.kuhfr ds lkFk dke djuk gksxkA


¥ f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od lewg vkSj Hkkjr ls lacaf/r vkSj@vFkok Hkkjr ds fgrksa dks izHkkfor djus okys le>kSrsA

¢

4- bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl fjiksVZ&2019 vkSj Hkkjr

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gky gh esa fo'o cSad us viuh uohure ^bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl fjiksVZ* tkjh dhA fjiksVZ esa Hkkjr us 23 LFkkuksa dh tcjnLr Nykax yxkrs gq, 77oka LFkku gkfly fd;k gSA ;g Åaph Nykax Hkkjr ds vkdkj okys fdlh Hkh fo'kky ,oa fofoèkrkiw.kZ ns'k ds fy, ,d nqyZHk

miyfCèk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd fiNys o"kZ bl lwpdkad esa Hkkjr us viuh jSafdax esa 30 ik;nkuksa dh tcnZLr Nykax yxkbZ FkhA

fofnr gks fd fo'o cSad us 31 vDVwcj 2018 dks oSf'od dkjksckj lqxerk (bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl) fjiksVZ&2019 tkjh dhA Hkkjr dk ;g jSafdax vc rd dk loZJs"B çn'kZu gSA

nl esa ls 8 ekudksa esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr lqèkjh gSA fiNys o"kZ 190 ns'kksa dh lwph esa Hkkjr dks igyh ckj 'kh"kZ 100 esa txg feyh FkhA fiNys 2 o"kks± esa bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl baMsDl dh jSafdax esa lqèkkj djus okys VkWi 10 ns'kksa esa Hkkjr 'kkfey gqvk gSA ogha] nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dh jSad izFke LFkku ij gSA

9uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


D;k gS bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl

bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl dk vFkZ gS fd ns'k esa dkjksckj djus esa dkjksckfj;ksa dks fdruh vklkuh gksrh gSA dkjksckj ds fu;kedksa vkSj muds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj 10 ekudksa ij dkjksckj djus dh 'krks± dks ns•k tkrk gS fd fdlh ns'k esa ;s fdruk vklku ;k eqf'dy gSA Mwb±x fctusl jSafdax fMLVsal Vw ÚafV;j (MhVh,iQ) ds vkèkkj ij r; fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;s Ldksj fn•krk gS fd oSf'od ekudksa ij vFkZO;oLFkk dkjksckj ds ekeys esa fdruk vPNk çn'kZu dj jgh gSA o"kZ 2018 esa Hkkjr dk MhVh,iQ Ldksj fiNys lky ds 60-76 ls c<+dj 67-23 ij vk x;k gSA

xkSjryc gS fd Mwbax fctusl&2019 Vªsfuax iQkWj fjiQkWeZ fo'o cSad lewg dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ çdk'ku gSA ;g dkjksckj dks c<+kus vkSj blesa ckèkk mRiUu djus okys fu;kedksa dks ekius okyh okf"kZd xfrfofèk;ksa dh ,d Ük`a•yk dk 16ok¡ laLdj.k Hkh gSA

Mwbax fctusl] O;kikj fu;eksa vkSj laifÙk vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk ij ek=kkRed ladsrd çLrqr djrk gS ftudh rqyuk viQxkfuLrku ls ftEckCos rd 190 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds chp dh tk ldrh gSA ;g O;kikj ds 11 {ks=kksa dks çHkkfor djus okys fu;eksa dh leh{kk djrk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd bu {ks=kksa esa ls nl dks bl lky dh O;kikj lqxerk lwpdkad jSafdax esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;s nl ekud bl izdkj gS&

1- fctusl dh 'kq#vkr& u;s fctusl dh 'kq#vkr esa yxus okys le;] U;wure iSlk o çfØ;k dks ysdj vè;;u fd;s tkrs gSaA

2- xksnke o HkaMkjx`g& os;jgkml cukus esa yxus okyk le;] ykxr o çfØ;k Hkh dkjksckj lqxerk esa ,d ekunaM gSA

3- fctyh& bysfDVªflVh dusD'ku esa yxus okyk oÙkQ dkjksckj dh lqxerk ds fy, vge gSA blfy, blls tqM+s vkadM+s Hkh tqVk;s tkrs gSaA

4- laifÙk fucaèku& O;olkf;d laifÙk;ksa ds fucaèku esa yxus okyk oÙkQ vkSj •pZ ij Hkh bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl fuHkZj djrk gSA

5- fuos'kdksa dh lqj{kk& ns'k esa fuos'k djus okys dkjksckfj;ksa ds iSls dh lqj{kk xkjaVh fdruh gS] bl ckr ds vkadM+s tqVk;s tkrs gSaA

6- VSDl dh Hkqxrku& VSDl dh lajpuk]

fdrus rjg ds VSDl fy;s tkrs gSa vkSj mls Hkjus esa dkjksckfj;ksa dks fdruk oÙkQ xqtkjuk iM+rk gSA

7- ns'k ls ckgj vk;kr& fu;kZr dks ysdj D;k fu;e gS] blesa dkSu ls MkWD;wesaV dh t:jr iM+rh gSA

8- nks daifu;ksa o dkjksckj esa vkerkSj ij gksus okys dkWUVªSDV dks ysdj D;k fu;e gSA bu vuqcaèkksa esa gksus okyh çfØ;k vkSj •pZ gksus okys jde dks Hkh bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl esa vkèkkj cuk;k tkrk gSA bu lcds vfrfjÙkQ ØsfMV] ikjnf'kZrk dbZ ,sls iSekus gSa] ftu ij j•dj bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl dh dlkSVh dh tkrh gSA

9- vuqcaèkksa dks ykxw djuk Hkh bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl dk ,d ekud gSA

10- fnokfy;kiu dh leL;k dks gy djuk Mwbax fctusl dk ,d iSekuk gSA

mys•uh; gS fd Mwbax fctusl esa Je cktkj fofu;eu dh Hkh eki dh tkrh gS ysfdu bl o"kZ dh jSafdax esa bls 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA Bhd blh rjg ladsrdksa dk ç;ksx vkfFkZd ifj.kkeksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy;s rFkk ;g tkuus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS fd fdu fu;eksa us dc vkSj dSls dke fd;kA

^Mwbax fctusl fjiksVZ* ls lEcfUèkr egRoiw.kZ ckrsa&

¥ dkjksckj lqxerk jSafdax esa U;wthySaM 'kh"kZ ij gSA mlds ckn Øe'k% flaxkiqj] MsuekdZ vkSj gkaxdkax dk uacj vkrk gSA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] 2 twu] 2017 ls 1 ebZ] 2018 ds chp fjdkWMZ 314 fu;ked lqèkkj gq,A

¥ nqfu;k Hkj esa 128 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa us i;kZIr fofu;ked lqèkkj izdV fd;s ftlls Mwbax fctusl }kjk ekiu esa 'kkfey lHkh {ks=kksa esa O;olk; djuk vklku gks x;k gSA

¥ lwph esa vesfjdk vkBosa] phu 46osa vkSj ikfdLrku 136osa LFkku ij gSA

¥ fjiksVZ esa lcls mYys•uh; lqèkkj djus okyh vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ viQxkfuLrku] ftcwrh] phu] vtjcStku] Hkkjr] Vksxks] dsU;k] dksV Mh vkbZoj (vkbojh dksLV)] rqdhZ vkSj jokaMk gSaA

¥ fo'o cSad us bl ekeys esa lcls vfèkd lqèkkj djus okyh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa Hkkjr dks nlosa LFkku ij j•k gSA

¥ ogh fczDl vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ekeys esa czkthy] :lh la?k] Hkkjr vkSj phu esa dqy 21 lqèkkj gq,] ftlesa lqèkkj ds lcls vke {ks=kksa esa lhek&ikj O;kikj vkSj fo|qr~ mRiknu lqèkkj gSA

¥ xkSjryc gS fd ^Mwbax fctusl 2019 }kjk ntZ fd;s x, lHkh O;kikj fu;ked lqèkkjksa esa ls ,d&frgkbZ lqèkkj mi&lgkjk vÚhdk dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa gq,A dqy 107 lqèkkjksa ds lkFk mi&lgkjk vÚhdk esa gq, lqèkkjksa dh la[;k ,d fjdkWMZ gSA

Hkkjr dh fLFkfr

¥ xkSjryc gS fd fo'o cSad us mYys•uh; lqèkkj djus okys 'kh"kZ ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dh fxurh yxkrkj nwljs o"kZ Hkh dh xbZ gSA

¥ ogh Hkkjr çFke fczDl vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gS ftls lqèkkj djus okys 'kh"kZ ns'kksa esa yxkrkj nwljs o"kZ 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

¥ fo'o cSad }kjk ^Mwbax fctusl fjiksVZ* ds vkdyu esa 190 ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ^dkjksckj esa lqxerk* lwpdkad esa Hkkjr fiNys nks o"kks± esa 53 ik;nku vkSj fiNys pkj o"kks± esa 65 ik;nku Åij p<+ x;kA

¥ fofnr gks fd Hkkjr us o"kZ 2003 ls vc rd 37 cM+s lqèkkj ykxw fd, gSaA bl fjiksVZ esa o"kZ 2017 esa fnYyh vkSj eqacbZ dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA fjiksVZ esa fdlh dkjksckj dks 'kq: djuk] daLVªD'ku ijfeV] ØsfMV feyuk] NksVs fuos'kdksa dh lqj{kk] VSDl nsuk] fons'kksa esa VªsM] dkWUVªSDV ykxw djuk vkSj fnokfy;k 'kksèku çfØ;k dks vkèkkj cuk;k tkrk gSA

,d loZs{k.k ds vuqlkj] yxkrkj nwljs o"kZ vkaèkz çns'k dks O;olk; djus ds fy, lcls vklku Hkkjrh; jkT; ds :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA paæckcw uk;Mw ds usr`Ro okys jkT; us fnYyh esa okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=kky; }kjk vkS|ksfxd uhfr vkSj laoèkZu foHkkx }kjk tkjh ^bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl* jSafdax esa 'kh"kZ LFkku çkIr fd;kA

ogh rsyaxkuk nwljs LFkku ij jgk] blds ckn gfj;k.kk] >kj•aM vkSj xqtjkr gSA mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;] es?kky; dks 36 osa LFkku ij j•k x;k gSA



Hkkjr ds vUnj jkT;ksa dk bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl jSafdax%

jSad jkT; vad

1- vkaèkz çns'k 98-4

2- rsyaxkuk 98-3

3- gfj;k.kk 98-1

4- >kj•aM 98-0

5- xqtjkr 98-0

jSafdax esa lqèkkj dh lcls cM+h otg th,lVh

¥ oYMZ cSad us viuh fjiksVZ esa dgk fd lcls cM+k cnyko th,lVh ds tfj, vk;k gSA fiNys lky dh jSafdax esa th,lVh dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k FkkA th,lVh ds lkFk&lkFk bUlkWYosalh vkSj cSadjIlh dksM ds tfj, Hkkjr dh jSafdax esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA

¥ th,lVh us dkjksckj dh 'kq#vkr djuk vklku cuk fn;k gS] D;ksafd blesa dbZ lkjs ,Iyhds'ku iQkWeZ dks bafVxzsV dj ,d flaxy tujy budkWikZsjs'ku iQkWeZ yk;k x;k gSA blls jftLVªs'ku dh çfØ;k rst gqbZ gSA

¥ Hkkjr esa VSDl nsuk u fliQZ vklku gqvk gS] cfYd dkWikZsjsV bude VSDl dh njksa esa Hkh deh vkbZ gSA

¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd Hkkjr us dLVe ds viQljksa vkSj futh {ks=k ds yksxksa dks yxkrkj Vªsfuax nsdj fjiQkWeZ dk ,tsaMk lsV dj fn;k gSA

¥ mYys[kuh; gS fd Hkkjr us dLVe Dyh;jsal iQsflfyVs'ku desfV;k¡ cukb± gSaA bl otg ls varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij dkjksckj vklku gks x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr dqN vU; dkj.k Hkh jgs gSa tks eq[;r% Ng ekeyksa esa lqèkkj ls lacafèkr gSaA

bu Ng ekeyksa esa vPNs çn'kZu ls Hkkjr dh jSafdax lqèkjh%

Ng ekeyksa esa vPNs çn'kZu

2018&19 esa jSad

2017&18 esa jSad

fctusl dh 'kq#vkr 137 156

daLVªD'ku ijfeV 52 181

fctyh dh miyCèkrk 24 29

dtZ dh miyCèkrk 22 29

lhek ikj dkjksckj 80 146

dkWUVªSDV esa vklkuh 163 164

;gk è;ku nsus okyh ckr gS fd Hkkjr 10 ladsrdksa esa ls 6 ladsrdksa ls tqM+h viuh jSafdax dks csgrj djus esa dke;kc jgk gS vkSj blds lkFk gh og 10 ladsrdksa esa ls 7 ladsrdksa ij oSf'od lokZsÙke dkjksckjh rkSj&rjhdksa ds vkSj djhc igq¡p x;k gSA

¥ lcls mYys•uh; lqèkkj ^fuekZ.k ijfeV* vkSj ^lhek ikj O;kikj* ls tqM+s ladsrdksa ds ekeys esa ns•k x;k gSA fuekZ.k ijfeV dh LohÑfr nsus ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dh jSafdax o"kZ 2017 dh 181oha ls csgrj gksdj o"kZ 2018 esa 52oha gks xbZ gS tks ,d gh o"kZ esa 129 jSafdax ds vHkwriwoZ lqèkkj dks n'kkZrk gSA

¥ blh rjg ^lhek ikj O;kikj* ls tqM+s ladsrdksa ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dh jSafdax o"kZ 2017 dh 146oha ls csgrj gksdj o"kZ 2018 esa 80oha gks xbZ gS tks ,d gh o"kZ esa 66 jSafdax ds mYys•uh; lqèkkj dks n'kkZrk gSA

fiNys dqN lkyksa esa Hkkjr dh bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl jSafdax%

o"kZ jSafdax

lky 2018 77oka jSad

lky 2017 100oka jSad




Mwbax fctusl fjiksVZ dk egÙo

vc loky ;s gS fd Hkkjr dh jSafdax esa lqèkkj ls D;k iQk;nk gksxk\ bu ykHkksa dks fuEu fcUnqvks ds varxZr le>k tk ldrk gS &

¥ bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl* fjiksVZ esa Hkkjr dh jSfdax esa lqèkkj vkus ls ns'k esa fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus esa enn çkIr gksxhA KkrO; gS fd fons'kh fuos'kd mUgha ns'kksa esa fuos'k dks çkFkfedrk nsrs gSa tgk¡ dkjksckjh lqxerk dh fLFkfr csgrj gksrh gSA

¥ daifu;k¡ Hkkjr esa rsth ls fuos'k djsaxh ftlls ns'k esa jkstxkj ds volj iSnk gksaxsA blds lkFk gh Hkkjr dks blls vkSj vfèkd çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djus esa enn feysxhA

¥ bldk vlj 'ks;j cktkj ij iM+sxk vkSj cktkj esa rsth vk,xhA

¥ fons'k fuos'k ds c<+us ls vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ij lhèkk vlj iM+sxk ftlls fuf'pr gh

ns'k dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk vkSj etcwr gksxhA blls ns'k esa egaxkbZ ij dkcw ikus esa ljdkj dks vklkuh gksxhA;gh ugha blls NksVs dkjksckfj;ksa dks viuk dkjksckj c<+kus esa enn feysxhA

¥ lcls c<+dj blls ^esd bu bafM;k* fe'ku dks Hkh etcwrh çkIr gksxh D;ksafd dkjksckjh lqxerk dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ls fons'kh fuos'kdksa ds lkFk&lkFk ns'k ds fuos'kdksa dks Hkh çksRlkgu çkIr gksxkA

Hkkjr ds ^bZt vkWiQ Mwabax* fctusl ds le{k pqukSfr;k¡&

¥ dkWjkZsis'ku (IFC) ds bZt vkWiQ Mwabax fctusl (dkjksckj ds fy, vklku txg) jSafdax esa Hkkjr ,d ik;nku gh Åij p<+ ik;k gS tcfd ljdkj dk nkok gS fd mlds lqèkkjksa ds ç;kl ds iQyLo:i fctusl ds fy, csgrj ekgkSy cuk gSA bl izdkj IFC dh fjiksVZ ij ljdkj us fujk'kk trkbZ gSA

¥ daLVªD'ku ijfeV] lk• vkSj vU; ekinaM ij ns'k dh fLFkfr esa dksbZ lqèkkj ugha gqvk gSA Hkkjr ds vksojvkWy Ldksj esa ekewyh lqèkkj gqvk vkSj mls 55-27 vad gkfly gq, gSaA Lej.kh; gks fd fjiksVZ esa vklku fctyh dusD'ku] lhek ds vkj&ikj fctul ds vklku fu;e vkfn dk ,d ckWDl ds rgr ftØ gqvk gSA

¥ fctusl ds fy, lcls vklku txg ds ekeys esa U;wthySaM us flaxkiqj dks fjIysl fd;k gSA gkykafd ljdkj us Hkkjr dh jSafdax dks lqèkkjus ds fy, daiuh ,DV esa Hkh cnyko fd;k vkSj dbZ vU; vge ç;kl fd,A IFC us Hkkjr dh bu dksf'k'kksa dks è;ku esa rks j•k gS ysfdu jSafdax esa dksbZ •kl lqèkkj ugha gks ldkA

¥ fjiksVZ esa :l] HkwVku] nf{k.k vÚhdk] phu] usiky] Jhyadk vkSj czkthy Hkkjr ls Åij ds ik;nku ij gSaA

¥ iM+kslh ns'k ikfdLrku dk LFkku 144oka gSA lgt dkjksckj dks ysdj nqfu;k ds 'kh"kZ 50 ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dks 'kkfey djus dh dksf'k'k esa tqVh ljdkj us bl fjiksVZ ij grk'kk trkbZ gSA

¥ ljdkj dk dguk gS fd fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fd, x, 12 vge lqèkkjksa dks fjiksVZ esa vgfe;r ugha nh xbZ gSA gkykafd bl fjiksVZ

11uoEcj 2018 A vad&3


esa Hkkjr gh ,d ,slk ns'k gS ftlds fy,

,d vyx ckWDl gS] ftlesa Hkkjr esa py

jgs vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dk ftØ gSA

vkxs dh jkg

mijksDr vè;;u ls ;g Li"V gS fd jSafdax

esa lqèkkj ls Hkkjr dks dbZ çdkj ds ykHk

gksaxsA blls fons'kh ,oa Lons'kh fuos'kdksa nksuksa

dks vkdf"kZr djus esa Hkh enn feysxh ysfdu

vko';drk bles vkSj lqèkkj fd gS rkfd fo'o esa Hkkjr dh Nfo lkÝV jk"Vª ds :i esa mHkj lds ;g fLFkfr Hkkjr dks u fliQZ vkfFkZd :i ls l'kDr djsxh cfYd Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vªh; O;olk;] jktuhfrd] rduhdh o vU; ekeyksa esa Hkh ykHk igq¡pk;sxhA njvly orZeku fo'o esa opZLo dh yM+kbZ vkfFkZd {ks=k esa cyorh gqvk gS ,sls esa tks ns'k vkfFkZd :i ls ftruk l'kDr gS mldk egRo mruk gh c<+ jgk gSA


¥ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ;kstuk] lalk/uksa dks tqVkus] izxfr] fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls lacf/r eqísA

¥ mnkjhdj.k dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko] vkS|ksfxdh uhfr esa ifjorZu rFkk vkS|ksfxd fodkl ij budk izHkkoA

¢

5- varnZs'kh; tyekxZ% Hkkjr ds u;s jktekxZ

ppkZ dk dkj.k

Hkkjr esa igyh ckj fdlh vranZs'kh; tyekxZ ds tfj, eky ls Hkjs daVsuj dh <qykbZ djus okys iksr dk çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh }kjk 12 uoacj dks okjk.klh esa mn~?kkVu fd;k x;kA çèkkuea=kh us bl volj ij okjk.klh esa cus uofufeZr eYVh ekWMy VfeZuy ns'k dks lfeZir fd;k tgka ifjogu ds fofHkUu çdkj ds lkèkuksa ls eky ykus] ys tkus dh lqfoèkk gSA KkrO; gks fd ekyokgd tgkt ,eoh vkj,u VSxksj 16 daVsujksa dh •si ysdj dksydkrk ls okjk.klh ds fy, jokuk gqvk Fkk ftl ij ynk eky •k| çlaLdj.k vkSj 'khry is; daiuh isfIldks dk FkkA ns'k ds varnZs'kh; tyekxZ ifjogu {ks=k ds bfrgkl esa bl rjg ,d u;k vè;k; tqM+k gSA KkrO; gks fd xaxk unh ij okjk.klh ls gfYn;k ds chp 'kq: gksus okyh ty ifjogu ;kstuk esa okjk.klh dks dkxkZs gc ds rkSj ij fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl VfeZuy esa dkxkZs ds vykok dksYM LVksjst] csojst gkml vkSj iSfdax dh lqfoèkk gksxhA

tyekxks± ds fodkl dh vko';drk

¥ Hkkjr ds ikl 7500 fdyksehVj yack rVh; {ks=k gS tcfd 14]500 fd-eh- unh ekxZ gS vkSj bl fo'kky unh ekxZ ij ges'kk cgrh jgus okyh ufn;ksa] >hyksa vkSj cSdokVlZ dk migkj Hkh feyk gqvk gS blfy, tyekxks± dk fodkl vko';d gSA Li"V gS fd ty ifjogu nqfu;kHkj esa eky <qykbZ ds fy, ojh;rk okyk ekè;e gS •klrkSj ij fo'kky vkSj fofp=k vkdkj okyh oLrqvksa ds fy,A ;g i;kZoj.k fe=k vkSj fdiQk;rh gSA ;fn ykxr ds fglkc ls ns•k tk, rks ,d gkWlZ ikoj 'kfÙkQ dh ÅtkZ ls ikuh esa pkj Vu

eky <ks;k tk ldrk gS tcfd blls lM+d ij 150 fdyks vkSj jsy ls 500 fdyks eky gh <ks;k tk ldrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;wjksi] vesfjdk] phu rFkk iM+kslh ns'k ckaXykns'k esa dkiQh ek=kk esa eky dh <qykbZ varnZs'kh; ty ifjogu ra=k ls gks jgh gSA dbZ ;wjksih; ns'k vius dqy eky vkSj ;k=kh ifjogu dk 40 çfr'kr ikuh ds tfj, <ksrs gSaA

¥ fu%lansg gekjs ns'k ds fo'kky tyekxZ vkSj fo'kky ufn;ksa ds dkj.k ty ifjogu ds rgr eky <qykbZ lacaèkh t:jrksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, cgqr laHkkouk,a gSaA ns'k ds vfèkdka'k fctyh?kj dks;ys dh deh ls tw> jgs gSaA lM+d vkSj jsy ifjogu ls le; ij dks;yk ugha igqap ikrk] ,sls esa varnZs'kh; tyekxks± }kjk dks;yk <qykbZ dh fu;fer o fdiQk;rh laHkkouk,a gSaA gekjh dbZ cM+h fodkl ifj;kstuk,a jk"Vªh; tyekxks± ds utnhd lkdkj gksus tk jgh gSaA cgqr ls u, dkj•kus vkSj iufctyh bdkb;ka bu bykdksa esa •qyh gSaA buds fuekZ.k esa Hkkjh Hkjde e'khujh dh lM+d ls <qykbZ vklku dke ugha gS blfy, blesa ty ifjogu dh vge Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA vukt vkSj moZjdksa dh cM+h ek=kk esa <qykbZ ty ifjogu ls laHko gSA

¥ vdsys xaxk unh dk jk"Vªh; tyekxZ gh Hkfo"; esa yk•ksa Vu dks;ys dh <qykbZ esa l{ke gSA ubZ fodflr gks jgh dks;yfj;ksa esa ls rkyspj vUrjns'kh; tyekxZ ds utnhd gS] czkã.kh unh vkSj èkkejk rFkk ikjknhi cUnjxkg ds ekè;e ls rVh; tgktjkuh dh Hkh enn ysdj ;g dks;yk if'pe caxky]

fcgkj] mÙkj çns'k rFkk iwokZsÙkj Hkkjr rd igq¡p ldrk gSA

fctyh bdkb;ksa esa Cokbyj] VªkaliQkeZj] LVsVlZ vkfn ;k rks vk;kfrr gksrs gSa ;k ch,pbZ,y ds dkj•kuksa esa curs gSaA dbZ vksoj Mkbesa'kuy dkxkZs rks 100 Vu ls vfèkd otuh gksrs gSaA budh <qykbZ ds dke esa jsyos ;k lM+d dh rqyuk esa tyekxZ lcls vfèkd çHkkoh gSaA lM+dksa ij ,sls lkekuksa dh <qykbZ csgn dfBu gSA jsyos esa Hkh •klrkSj ij ,sls •.Mksa esa tgk¡ lqjaxs vkSj ladjs iqy gSa ogk¡ ls budks ykndj ys tkuk vlEHko gksrk gSA vukt vkSj moZjdksa dh cM+h ek=kk esa <qykbZ ty ifjogu ls lEHko gSA orZeku esa iatkc ,oa gfj;k.kk ls gj ekg 2-5 yk• Vu vukt if'pe caxky Hkstk tkrk gSA bldk ,d cM+k fgLlk vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu ds ekè;e ls Hkstuk lEHko gS] ,slk gksrk gS rks lM+dksa ls dkiQh cks> de gksxkA

mÙkj çns'k] fcgkj] if'pe caxky rFkk iwokZsÙkj Hkkjr esa vxj bl ra=k dh enn yh tk;s rks ihd ekSle esa moZjdksa dh deh ugha gksxhA bl ukrs vxj le;c¼ ;kstuk cukbZ tk;s rks lLrs esa çHkkoh rjhds ls moZjdksa dh <qykbZ D;ksa ugh gks ldrh gSA moZjd {ks=k dh vxz.kh dEifu;ksa •klrkSj ij biQdks] ÑHkdks] lh,iQ,y] ihih,y] ,u,iQ,y vkfn us vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu ra=k ds }kjk moZjd <qykbZ esa fnypLih fn•kbZ gSA

¥ bl le; ns'k esa fofHkUu ekè;eksa ls gksus okyh dqy eky <qykbZ esa rVh; ukSogu vkSj tyekxZ dh fgLlsnkjh 6 iQhlnh gS tcfd



djhc 54 iQhlnh <qykbZ lM+d ekxZ ls] 33 iQhlnh jsy ls vkSj 7 iQhlnh <qykbZ ikbi ykbu ls gksrh gSA

¥ i;ZVu fodkl dh lEHkkouk,¡% fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa cM+h ufn;ksa vkSj mudh dbZ lgk;d ufn;ksa ds fdukjs cgqr dqN ns•us yk;d gSA ufn;ksa ds fdukjs reke vuwBh lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;k¡ rFkk esys vkSj ioZ vk;ksftr gksrs gSaA xaxk ls ysdj czãiq=k vkSj ns'k ds nwljs fgLlksa dh çeq• ufn;ksa ds fdukjs tkus fdrus rhFkZ] çkphu efUnj] èkjksgjsa] çkÑfrd LFky rFkk lqUnj txgsa gSaA vr% i;ZVu fodkl dh O;kid lEHkkouk,¡ Hkh vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu {ks=k esa fNih gqbZ gSA

¥ rVh; tgktjkuh ls tqM+ko% vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu ds fodkl ls tqM+k ,d vge loky cUnjxkgksa vkSj rVh; tgktjkuh ls tksM+us dk Hkh gSA blls gekjh dbZ unh ç.kkfy;ksa dks ykHk gksxkA igys ls gh xaxk&czãiq=k&lqUnjou unh ç.kkyh dks dksydkrk&gfYn;k cUnjxkg] czkã.kh&egkunh ç.kkyh dks ikjknhi cUnjxkg] Ñ".kk&xksnkojh&cfda?ke ugj dks pkSUubZ cUnjxkg] if'pe rVh; ugj dh dksphu cUnjxkg vkSj ekaMoh&tqvkjh unh rFkk dEctZqvk ds tyekxks± dks ejeqxk¡o cUnjxkg ls tksM+k tk pqdk gSA tyekxks± ds fodkl ds lkFk bls vkSj çHkkoh cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blds dbZ ykHk gksaxsA

¥ iwokZsÙkj Hkkjr ds dbZ fgLlksa esa vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu cgqr çHkkoh gSA ogk¡ dbZ NksVh&cM+h ufn;k¡ gSa vkSj fo'kky czãiq=k rks vaxzsth jkt ls gh jsyksa ds fodkl ds ckn Hkh ifjogu dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ lkèku jgk gSA

¥ vkt vle esa gh lkykuk 54 yk• yksx iQsjh lsokvksa dk ykHk mBk jgs gSa] tcfd 2020 rd ;g vk¡dM+k c<+dj ,d djksM+ gksus okyk gSA blds vykok iapk;r vkSj ftyk ifj"kn rFkk futh {ks=k esa nwljh ufn;ksa esa iQsjh lsok,¡ lapkfyr gks jgh gSaA

¥ vle esa czãiq=k vkSj cjkd ij okf.kfT;d vkèkkj ij ty ifjogu lsok,¡ lapkfyr gksrh gSaA bu lsokvksa dk mi;ksx ;k=kh vkSj eky ;krk;kr esa gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ls dks;yk] moZjd] ouksRikn] Ñf"k mRiknksa vkSj e'khujh vkfn dh cM+h ek=kk esa vkoktkgh gksrh gSA

;gk¡ ls fpVxk¡o cUnjxkg (ckaXykns'k) rFkk dksydkrk vkSj gfYn;k cUnjxkg ds eè; Hkh lhèkk lEidZ gS blls varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks c<+kok feysxkA

¥ iwokZsÙkj esa •klrkSj ij yEch nwjh ds eky ifjogu dks ysdj dkiQh lEHkkouk,¡ gSaA vuqeku gS fd blds }kjk 2020 rd djhc 60 yk• Vu lkykuk eky <qykbZ lEHko gks ldsxhA

¥ ekxks± ds fodkl ls jkstxkj ds u;s volj l`ftr gksaxsA lkFk gh èku dh O;kid cpr gksxh vkSj i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k de gksxkA

ljdkjh ç;kl

¥ ljdkj ty ifjogu dks Hkkjr ds ifjogu dh thou js•k cukus dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+rh gqbZ fn•kbZ ns jgh gSA tgktjkuh ea=kky; us lkxjekyk ifj;kstuk ds rgr dqy ?kjsyw eky <qykbZ esa ty ifjogu dk fgLlk tks orZeku esa egt 6 iQhlnh gS] bls o"kZ 2025 rd c<+kdj 12 iQhlnh djus dk y{; j•k gSA bl y{; dks ikus ds fy, jk"Vªh; tyekxZ dkuwu ds rgr 111 u, unh ekxks± dks jk"Vªh; tyekxks± ds :i esa fodflr fd, tkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA ;g ljdkj dh ml cM+h ;kstuk dk fgLlk gS] ftlds rgr ty ekxZ vkxs pydj ,d iwjd] de ykxr okyk vkSj i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy eky ,oa ;k=kh ifjogu dk ekè;e cu ldrs gSaA

¥ xkSjryc gS fd tuojh 2018 esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us O;kid tyekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh nh gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr ,uMCY;w&1 esa ukSogu dh {kerk c<+kbZ tkuh gSA ;g ifj;kstuk ekpZ 2023 rd iwjh gksus dh laHkkouk gSA bl tyekxZ ifj;kstuk dks xfr'khy djus ds fy, gky gh esa Hkkjrh; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k (vkbZMCY;w,vkbZ) us ladsr fn;k gS fd ftl rjg 30 lky ds fy, Vksy ds ifjpkyu ds lM+d eqæhdj.k Bsdksa ds VhvksVh ekWMy dks tksjnkj liQyrk feyh gS] mlh rjg tyekxZ ifj;kstukvksa ds ifjpkyu o j•j•ko dk dke futh {ks=k dks nsus ds fy, 'kh?kz gh cksyh vkeaf=kr fd;k tkuk lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xkA blds rgr 30 lky ds Bsds ij fn, tkus vkSj xksnke o ykWftfLVd lqfoèkk,a vkfn cuk, tkus dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA

¥ bl ifjçs{; esa igyk vkWijsV esaVsu VªkaliQj (vks,eVh) Bsdk okjk.klh dh eYVh ekWMy ifj;kstuk ds fy, gksxk tks jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ,uMCY;w&1 ij fLFkr gSA bl rjg ds Bsds gkfly djus dh bPNqd futh daiuh dks 2-5 vjc #i;s ds Bsdksa ds rgr xksnke vkSj ykWftfLVd lqfoèkkvksa ds fy, ljdkj tehu dk vfèkxzg.k djsxh vkSj eYVh ekWMy ifj;kstuk ds fy, 'kq#vkrh cqfu;knh <kapk rS;kj djsxhA 'ks"k dke Bsdk çkIr djus okyh futh {ks=k dh bdkbZ dks djuk gksxkA

¥ dsaæh; lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ rFkk ty lalkèku ,oa xaxk laj{k.k ea=kky; }kjk unh ifjogu dks çksRlkgu nsus ds fy, 13 ekudhÑr vR;kèkqfud tgkt fMtkbu rS;kj fd;s x;s gSaA blls xaxk unh ekxZ esa pyus okys tgktksa ds vkdkj dks ysdj fdlh vLi"V fLFkfr dks lekIr fd;k tk ldsxkA ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj 2021 rd jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ,d ij eky ;krk;kr 2-18 djksM+ Vu ij igqap tk,xkA** jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ,d ij 2017&18 esa eky ifjogu 55 yk• Vu jgk FkkA

¥ ljdkj jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ,d (okjk.klh gfYn;k ekxZ) ij ukSogu ds foLrkj ds fy, ty ekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk (ts,eohih) dk fØ;kUo;u dj jgh gSA bl ij 5]369-18 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr vk,xhA blds fy, fo'o cSad ls rduhdh lgk;rk vkSj fuos'k lg;ksx feyk gSA u, fMtkbuksa ls tgkt cukus ij 30 ls 50 yk• #i;s dh cpr gksxhA

¥ fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls lalnh; lfefr;k¡ ty ifjogu ds fodkl ij dkiQh leFkZu nsrh jgh gSA vktknh ds ckn igyh ckj laln dh ifjogu] i;ZVu vkSj laLÑfr lEcUèkh lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr us bl fo"k; dks ysdj 2013 esa ,d fo'ks"k vè;;u Hkh fd;k Fkk vkSj ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksa dk nkSjk Hkh fd;kA ofj"B lkaln lhrkjke ;spqjh dh vè;{krk okyh bl lfefr us dbZ vge fliQkfj'ksa dh FkhaA lfefr us tyekxks± dh {kerk ds b"Vre mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s VfeZuyksa ij ty;kuksa ds yaxj Mkyus ds fy;s tsêðh] eky ynkbZ vkSj mrjkbZ ds fy;s LFkku] Hk.Mkj.k {ks=k vkSj nwljh t:jh lqfoèkkvksa ds mfpr fodkl dh fliQkfj'k dh FkhA



Hkkjrh; vUrjns'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.kvUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu ds fodkl ds fy;s nqfu;k ds dbZ ns'kksa esa fo'ks"kK laxBu gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh vDVwcj 1986 esa Hkkjrh; vUrjns'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k dh LFkkiuk dhA bl çkfèkdj.k dk xBu jk"Vªh; ifjogu uhfr lfefr] 1980 dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vkèkkj ij Hkkjrh; vUrjns'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 1985 ds rgr fd;k x;kA vUrjns'kh; tyekxks± dk fodkl vkSj fu;eu djus okyk ns'k dk ;gh lokZsPp fudk; gSA dsUæ ljdkj dks vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu ds ekeys esa lykg nsus ds lkFk jkT;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu djus dk dke Hkh çkfèkdj.k djrk gS vkSj jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ?kksf"kr djus lEcUèkh çLrko Hkh ;gh rS;kj djrk gSA

vc rd ?kksf"kr gks pqds jk"Vªh; tyekxZtyekxZ {ks=k yEckbZ o"kZ

jk"Vªh; tyekxZ la[;k&1

bykgkckn ls gfYn;k (xaxk&HkkxhjFkh&gqxyh unh ç.kkyh)

1620 fdeh

1986


lkfn;k ls èkqcjh (czãiq=k)

891 fdeh

1988


dksYye ls dksV~Vkiqje (dsjy)

205 fdeh

1993


dkdhukMk ls ejDdkue (vkUèkz çns'k] rfeyukMq ,oa iqMqpsjh)

1078 fdeh

2008


rYpj&èkejk (vksfM+'kk rFkk if'pe caxky)

588 fdeh

2008


yf•iqj ls Hkaxk (cjkd) 121 fdeh fuekZ.kkèkhu

pqukSfr;k¡

¥ unh dks NksVh èkkjk esa lesVuk% vDlj xgjkbZ cukus ds fy, unh ds iQSys gq, ikuh dks ,d NksVs pSuy ds vUnj ,df=kr dj fn;k tkrk gS ftlls fd ml pSuy ds vUnj ikuh dh xgjkbZ T;knk gks tk, vkSj tgkt py ldsaA unh ds iQSyko {ks=k esa tyh; tho vklkuh ls vius v.Mksa dk laj{k.k djrs gSa ftUgsa tSoeaMy dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA vr% unh dks ,d èkkjk esa lesVus ls tSoeaMy ij lhèks vlj iM+rk gSA

¥ ?kkVksa vkSj unh canjxkgksa dk fuekZ.k% varnZs'kh; tyekxZ fuekZ.k gsrq ufn;ksa] fØDl vkSj •kfM+;ksa ds rVksa ij txg&txg canjxkg vkSj gc cukus gksaxsA bu fuekZ.k dk;ks± ls vkl&ikl ds isM+ksa vkSj eSUxzkso taxyksa dh cM+s iSekus ij dVkbZ gksxhA

egkjk"Vª ds èkjerj lhiksVZ ds fy, jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&10 ds jkLrs esa fLFkr ,d tsVh ds fuekZ.k ds fy, ;gk¡ rV ij fLFkr eSuxzkso ou iêðh dks lkiQ dj fn;k x;k gSA blls i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dh leL;k c<+ tk,xhA

¥ cSjktksa dk fuekZ.k% unh ds ikuh esa vko';d xgjkbZ cuk;s j•us ds fy, Mªsftax ds vykok txg&txg cSjkt Hkh cukus gksaxsA cSjktksa ds fuekZ.k ls unh dk fdukjk Mwcus yxrk gS] mles gksus okyh •srh u"V gks tkrh gS] unh dk çokg cny tkrk gS] unh ds vklikl ds i;kZoj.k esa cnyko vkrs gSaA cSjkt cukus ls unh esa xkn dk cgko Hkh #d tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, 2016 esa xaxk unh esa ck<+ dh fLFkfr iSnk gks x;h FkhA

¥ Mhty] rsy ds fjlus ls çnw"k.k% tyekxks± esa pyus okys tgktksa ls Mhty] rsy vkSj yqfczdsaV fjlrs jgrs gSaA xaxk tyekxZ (NW-

1) esa ,yihth dks tgktksa ds b±èku ds rkSj ij bLrseky djus dk çLrko j•k x;k gSA ;g ,d Lokxr ;ksX; dne gS exj blls Hkh ukSdkvksa ls fudyus okys yqfczdsaV dh leL;k [kRe ugha gksxhA

¥ Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa vfèkdrj ikuh ekulwu ds pkj eghuks esa cgrk gS tcfd ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh ufn;ksa esa ikuh ty Jksrksa ls vkrk gS vkSj iwjs o"kZ cgrk gSA Hkkjr esa ikuh ds Lrj dk mrkj p<ko T;knk gksus ds dkj.k o"kZ esa vkB eghus unh esa ikuh de jgrk gS ftldks xgjk djus ds fy, gesa Mªsftax dh vko';drk gksxhA

¥ ifjogu ds nwljs lkèkuksa dh rqyuk esa tyekxks± dk vuqj{k.k lLrk gS ysfdu buesa dqN fnDdrsa Hkh gSaA tSls vxj fdlh tyekxZ dk ,d NksVk VqdM+k Hkh •jkc ;k ukSogu ;ksX; ugha gS rks iwjk •.M gh cM+s ty;kuksa ds fy;s vuqi;ksxh lk gks tkrk gSA

¥ ns'k esa ugjksa dh pkSM+kbZ 9 ls 20 ehVj rd gSA blds •kl rkSj ij ladjs •.Mksa esa djhc 9 ehVj pkSM+s eky okgd ty;kuksa dk lapkyu dfBu gks tkrk gSA ogha de Å¡pkbZ okys iqyksa ls Hkh ty;kuksa ds lapkyu esa ckèkk igq¡prh gSA

¥ vHkh •klrkSj ij misf{kr bykdksa esa futh fuos'k dk elyk Vs<+h •hj cuk gqvk gSA ogha lsokvksa dh n{krk vkSj xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj

djus ds fy;s bl {ks=k dks dkiQh lalkèku pkfg, lkFk gh fo'ks"kKrk dh dehA

¥ ljdkjh {ks=k ds miØeksa }kjk fd;s tkus okyk eky ifjogu gS bldk ,d r; fgLlk ty ifjogu ds ekè;e ls djus ds ckcr dksbZ Bksl uhfr ugh gSA lkFk gh dPps eky] jlk;uksa] daVsujksa vkSj rS;kj mRiknksa dks ty ifjogu ls çksRlkfgr djus dh fn'kk esa Hkh ubZ igy djuh gksxhA vHkh vfèkdrj ,tsafl;k¡ lM+d vkSj jsy ij gh fuHkZj gSaA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ ty ifjogu {ks=k ds fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd tyekxks± ds fodkl ds fy;s dqN Bksl mik; djus gksaxsA tSls bl ckr dh oSèkkfud O;oLFkk gks fd fofHkUu unh rVh; bykdksa ds dkj•kus rFkk vU; miØe viuh eky <qykbZ esa ,d •kl fgLlk tyekxks± dks nsaA blls vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu vkSj rVh; tgktjkuh nksuksa dks c<+kok feysxk] lLrs esa ifjogu gksxk vkSj bu laxBuksa dk vkèkkj etcwr gksxkA

¥ vHkh gekjs tyekxks± ij lhfer la[;k esa ty;ku py jgs gSaA gesa viuh ty;ku fuekZ.k {kerk dk foLrkj djus dh Hkh t:jr gS vkSj bl {ks=k esa O;kid vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl ds fy;s Hkh lalkèku miyCèk djkus gksaxs ysfdu ;g rHkh lEHko gksxk tc bl {ks=k esa xkjaVh'kqnk eky vkus yxsxkA

¥ ty;kuksa dh fMtkbu esa Hkh gesa ifjorZu djuk gksxk rkfd os de xgjkbZ esa Hkh T;knk {kerk ls py ldsA jk"Vªh; tyekxks± vkSj rVh; tgktjkuh esa eky <qykbZ ds {ks=k esa dqN lfClMh Hkh nh tkuh pkfg, rkfd Fkksd eky okys yksx lM+d ls bèkj vk ldsaA lkFk gh •rjukd lkexzh vkSj xSl] isVªksy ;k jlk;uksa dk ,d fgLlk ty ifjogu dks f'kÝV fd;k tk ldsA

¥ Hkkjrh; •k| fuxe tSlh fo'kky ,tsalh bl dke esa igy dj ldrh gS D;ksafd muds ;gk¡ o"kZ Hkj vukt dh <qykbZ gksrh jgrh gSA lkFk gh ty ifjogu ra=k dh fo'oluh;rk ds fy;s Hkh dkiQh dqN djus dh t:jr gSA

¥ ;wjksi vkSj dqN nwljs ns'kksa esa rks rhl iQhlnh rd ?kjsyw eky ifjogu vUrjns'kh; tyekxks± ls gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh dqN {ks=kksa



ij •kl è;ku nsus dh t:jr gS blesa Mªsftax {kerk dk fodkl lcls çeq• gSA ,slk djds ge viuk iqjkuk xkSjo ykSVk ldrs gSaA

¥ bl {ks=k esa uhps ls Åij rd ,d Ükà•yk cukus dh t:jr gS lkFk gh jkT; ljdkjksa dks Hkh vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, ty

ifjogu ds {ks=k ds fy;s fgrS"kh uhfr;k¡ cukuh gksaxhA

¥ ;g çekf.kr rF; gS fd vUrjns'kh; ty ifjogu i;kZoj.k eS=kh gS vkSj lM+d vkSj jsy dh rqyuk esa dkiQh fdiQk;rh Hkh gSA blesa çnw"k.k U;wure gksrk gS vkSj vxj ge Mhty batuksa dh txg lh,uth batu

LFkkfir dj nsa rks vkSj Hkh ykHkdkjh gks ldrk gSA


¥ cqfu;knh <kapk% ÅtkZ] canjxkg] lM+d] foekuiÙku] jsyos vkfnA

¢

6- 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku vkSj isVsaV% ,d&nwljs ds fy, ykHknk;h

ppkZ dk dkj.k

;wthlh (;wfuoflZVh vuqnku vk;ksx) us Hkkjr ds lHkh fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks ^ckSf¼d laink dsUnz* (IPC-Intellectual Property Centre) LFkkfir djus ds fy, dgk gS rkfd oks ,d ^m|eh fo'ofo|ky;* (Entrepreneurial Universities) esa rCnhy gks ldsaA

isVsaV ls ;wfuoflZVh dks iQk;nk gksrk gS vkSj ;wfuoflZVh ls isVsaV dks iQk;nk gksrk gS vFkkZr~ nksuksa ,d&nwljs ls ykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA isVsaV ls ;wfuoflZVh dks fuEufyf[kr iQk;ns gksrs gSa&

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj vius 'Nation Institutional

Ranking framework' (NIRF) esa isVsaV dks ojh;rk nsrh gS vFkkZr~ ;fn dksbZ 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku }kjk vfèkd isVsaV djk;k tkrk gS rks 'NIRF' dh jSafdax esa mls mPprj LFkku izkIr gksxkA

¥ ;s ;wfuoflZVh dks jktLo (Revenue) Hkh miyCèk djkrs gSaA

¥ isVsaV ls ^vkj ,.M Mh* dks c<+kok feyrk gS vkSj dSail esa ,d ^m|eh ikfjra=k* dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA

blh izdkj tc ;wfuoflZVh isVsaV dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ^vkj ,.M Mh* dk ,d csgrj IysViQkeZ miyCèk djkrh gS] rks ,sls okrkoj.k esa isVsaV [kwc iQyrk&iQwyrk gSA

isVsaV ds fofHkUu vk;ke

orZeku esa laiw.kZ nqfu;k esa WTO dh ̂ fVªIl O;oLFkk* (TRIPS-Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights) vkbZihvkj ls tqM+h lcls cM+h vkSj izHkko'kkyh O;oLFkk gS] ftldk Hkkjr Hkh lnL; gS (Hkkjr }kjk fVªIl ls tqM+s le>kSrs ij 1994 esa gLrk{kj fd;s x,)A bl fVªIl O;oLFkk esa vyx&vyx {ks=kksa ds uokpkj dks fuEu 7 fofèk;ksa ds ekè;e ls lqjf{kr fd;k x;k gS&

i) VªsM ekdZ (Trade Mark)- ;g O;kolkf;d igpku dks iznf'kZr djus okys uke (Names), iQhxlZ (Figures), izrhd@fpÉ (Symbols), yksxks (Logo) vkfn gksrs gSaA bUgsa 10 o"kZ ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS] gk¡ykfd budk uohuhdj.k gks ldrk gSA

ii) fMtkbusa (Designs)- ;s vkS|ksfxd oLrqvksa dh ubZ fMtkbusa gksrh gSa] bUgsa 10 o"kZ ds fy, lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA

iii) vkbZlh (Integrated Circuit)- ;s flfydkWu tSls v¼Zpkydksa (Semi Conductors) ls cus gq, fpi gksrs gSa] tks bysDVªkWfud lfdZV dks NksVk dj nsrs gSaA ;s uSuksVsDUkksykWth ds ifjpk;d gSaA eSfiax (Mapping) dks ysdj ,d vkbZlh] nwljh vkbZlh ls vyx gksrh gSA bUgsa 10 o"kks± ds fy, lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA

iv) dkWihjkbV (Copyright)- buds ekè;e ls lkfgfR;d] dykRed] laxhrkRed vkfn uokpkjksa dks lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok] dEI;wVj lkWÝVos;j vkSj osc fMtkbfuax dks Hkh ^dkWihjkbV* ds }kjk lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA

v) thvkbZ (Geographical Indicators): ;s HkkSxksfyd uke ;k fdlh fo'ks"k Hkwxksy dh vksj b'kkjk djus okys uke gksrs gSa] tks oLrqvksa ds fof'k"V xq.kksa dks Hkh iznf'kZr djrs gSaA thvkbZ ds varxZr] bl izdkj ds ukeksa dk iz;ksx mu yksxksa ds fy, lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gS] tks ml Hkwxksy ls tqM+s gq, gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] gky gh esa ^thvkbZ vkWfiQl* }kjk ^jlxqYyk* ds fy, if'pe caxky dks ^thvkbZ* fn;k x;kA

;g è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd 'WTO' Lrj ij thvkbZ dk laj{k.k dsoy ôkbu vkSj fLifjV* (Wine & Spirit) rd gh lhfer gSA

Hkkjr '' W-52 Sponsors'' uked lewg ds ekè;e ls MCY;wVhvks Lrj ij thvkbZ esa vU; oLrqvksa dks lfEefyr djus dk ncko cuk jgk gSA

vi) VªsM lhØsV (Trade Secret)- buds ekè;e ls okf.kfT;d egÙo okyh lwpukvksa dks lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA bu lwpukvksa dk lacaèk fdlh lw=k (Formula), jklk;fud ;kSfxd] xzkgdksa dh lwph vkfn ls gks ldrk gSA

vii) isVsaV (Patent)- buds ekè;e ls ̂ vkS|ksfxd vkSj HkkSfrd* bLrseky ls tqM+h gqbZ ubZ oLrqvksa dks lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA êgÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu* (Significant Change)

ds viokn dks NksM+dj] budk uohuhdj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s 20 o"kZ ds fy, fn, tk ldrs gSaA

Note- ^fVªIl le>kSrs* ij gLrk{kj djrs le; vkbZihvkj (IPRs) ls tqM+s gq, Hkkjr ds ?kjsyw fu;e dsoy isVsaV dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh ekeyksa esa fVªIl (Trips) dh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj FksA ckn esa Hkkjr us o"kZ 2005 rd èkhjs&èkhjs isVsaV ls lacafèkr vius fu;e o dkuwuksa dks ^fVªIl O;oLFkk* ds vuq:i cuk fn;kA orZeku esa fodflr ns'kksa dh dEifu;ksa }kjk isVsaV dks ^,ojxzhu (Evergreen) djkus dh Hkjld iz;Ru fd;s tkrs gSa] ftldk [kkfe;ktk xjhc o fodkl'khy ns'k Hkqxrrs gSaA

vkbZihvkj (IPRs) tSlh ubZ iQhYM dk Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko&

Hkkjr }kjk fVªIl dks ykxw djrs le; yksxksa }kjk blds izHkko dks ysdj fofHkUu izdkj ds vyx&vyx fopkj vfHkO;Dr fd;s x,A bl lanHkZ esa fuEu fcUnq egRoiw.kZ gSa&

¥ ;g dgk x;k fd ubZ O;oLFkk ds ykxw gksus ls fons'kh nok dEifu;ksa dks vfèkd ykHk



gksxk] D;ksafd muds }kjk Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa ^fjlpZ ,.M MoyiesaV* ij vfèkd [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj] fons'kh nok dEifu;k¡ vius dqy dkjksckj (VuZvksoj) dk yxHkx 15 izfr'kr ^vkj ,.M Mh* ij [kpZ djrh gSa tcfd Hkkjrh; dEifu;k¡ vius dkjksckj dk dsoy 2 izfr'kr gh ^vkj ,.M Mh* ij [kpZ djrh gSaA

Hkkjr esa lexz :i ls Hkh ^vkj ,.M Mh* ij de [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa futh vkSj ljdkjh nksuksa {ks=k feydj thMhih dk 0-81» Hkkx gh ^vkj ,.M Mh* ij [kpZ djrs gSaA tcfd nf{k.k dksfj;k thMhih dk 4-04 izfr'kr ^vkj ,.M Mh* ij [kpZ djrk gSA ;w,l, ds fy, ;g vuqikr 2-76 izfr'kr gSA

2018 dh fjiksVZ esa ^Xykscy buksos'ku baMsDl* dks ysdj 2017 ds fy, Hkkjr dh jSad 130 jk"Vªksa esa 57oha ikbZ x;hA tcfd Hkkjr thMhih dh n`f"V ls ihihih ekud ij nqfu;k dh rhljh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gSA

¥ ;g dgk x;k fd nok dEifu;k¡ isVsaV dh vkM+ esa ^,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr* dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gSa rFkk nokvksa dh dhersa vko';Drk ls vfèkd Å¡ph dj ldrh gSaA

mi;qZDr lanHkZ esa ^^Hkkjrh; isVsaV vfèkdkj fu;e] 1970** dh ^èkkjk 92* egRoiw.kZ gS] tks ^lh,y* (Compulsory Licensing)

dk izkoèkku djrh gSA ;g izkoèkku fVªIl ds vuq#i gSA bl izkoèkku ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ nok dEiuh fdlh nok dh dher dks vko';drk ls vfèkd Å¡pk djrh gS rks Hkkjr ljdkj ml nok dks cukus dk vfèkdkj fdlh vU; dEiuh dks ns ldrh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk bldk igyh ckj iz;ksx teZuh dh ,d nok dEiuh ^ck;j* (Bayer) dh ^dSalj izfrjksèkh nok* (NEXAVAR) ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA blesa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ûSVdks* (Natco) uked Hkkjrh; dEiuh dks bl nok dks cukus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;kA

¥ ;g dgk x;k fd nok dEifu;ka ,d gh nok ij ekewyh ifjorZu djds ckj&ckj isVsaV dh ek¡x dj ldrh gSa] vFkkZr~ muds }kjk ''Evergreening of Patents'' dh izfØ;k dks ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA

mi;qZDr lanHkZ esa ̂ ^Hkkjrh; isVsaV vfèkfu;e] 1970** dh ^èkkjk 3(d)* egRoiw.kZ gS] tks bl ckr dk izkoèkku djrh gS fd êgRoiw.kZ ifjorZu* (Significant Change)

dh fLFkfr esa gh fdlh nok ;k vU; mRikn ij iqu% isVsaV fy;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ ;fn êgRoiw.kZ ifjorZu* ugha gqvk rks iqu% isVsaV ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSA

;g è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd vizSy] 2013 esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk blh èkkjk dks vkèkkj cukrs gq, fLoV~tjyS.M dh nok dEiuh (Novartis- uksokfVZl) dh ^dSalj izfrjksèkh nok* (Glivec- Xyhosd) ds fy, iqu% isVsaV dh ek¡x dks [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA

¥ ;g dgk x;k gS fd ubZ O;oLFkk ds ykxw gksus ls Hkkjr esa iQkekZ {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ (FDI) dk Lrj cM+sxkA

mi;qZDr lanHkZ esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjr esa iQkekZ {ks=k esa vfèkd ,iQMhvkbZ ugha vk;k gS rFkk mldk ,d cM+k Hkkx ^czkWmuiQhYM ,iQMhvkbZ* (Brownfield FDI)

ds :i esa gSA bldk fufgrkFkZ ;g gS fd ,iQMhvkbZ dk iz;ksx Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa ds vfèkxzg.k esa vfèkd fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr esa vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr pqukSfr;k¡

¥ Hkkjr esa isVsaV iQkby djus dh la[;k c<+us ds ctk; ?kVrh gq;h izrhr gksrh gSA mnkgj.kLo:i] Hkkjrh; isVsaV vkWfiQl ds eqrkfcd] mlds ikl 2015&16 dh vis{kkÑr 2016&17 esa 3-2 izfr'kr de isVsaV vIyhds'ku vk;haA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa ^vkbZih is'ksoj* (Intellectual

Property Professionals) de gSaA ;s is'ksoj vkbZih {ks=k ds fo'ks"kK gksrs gSa] tks [kkstdÙkkZvksa dks muds uokpkj dks isVsaV esa rCnhy djkus dh izfØ;k ls voxr djkrs gSaA

¥ ,d rjiQ vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr jkst ubZ&ubZ varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk;k¡] VªsM ,xzhesaV~l vkfn gks jgs gSa] tcfd nwljh rjiQ Hkkjr esa vkbZihvkj dh bu tfVy izfØ;kvksa dks le>us gsrq <k¡pkxr lalkèkuksa dk Hkkjh vHkko gSA vHkh ;gk¡ dqN fxus&pqus ^ykW bULVhV~;wV~l* (Law Institutes) esa gh vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr fo"k; i<+k;s tkrs gSa] tks orZeku dh ek¡x ds vuqlkj ukdkiQh gSA

¥ vHkh dsUnz ljdkj us îsVsaV ,tsaV* (Patent

Agent) cukus gsrq VsLV (Test) lapkfyr (Conduct) fd;k Fkk fdUrq blesa nkf[ky gksus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dh la[;k cgqr de jgh] ftldk izeq[k dkj.k Fkk fd bl VsLV o vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr {ks=k dh tkudkjh dk yksxksa esa Hkkjh vHkko FkkA

mYys[kuh; gS fd isVsaV ,stsaV] yksxksa dks muds uokpkjksa dks isVsaV esa rCnhy djkus gsrq enn djrs gSaA

us'kuy vkbZihvkj ikWfylh

Hkkjr ds }kjk igyh ckj ebZ] 2016 esa ^vkbZihvkj uhfr* (IPR Policy) dks ykxw fd;k x;k bls ^jk"Vªh; vkbZihvkj uhfr* (National IPR

Policy) ds uke ls lacksfèkr fd;k x;k gSA ;g uhfr ns'k ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl esa uokpkjksa dh Hkwfedk dks mtkxj djrs gq, buds izfr yksxksa dh tkx:drk ij tksj nsrh gSA

bl uhfr ds eq[; mís';&

¥ vkbZihvkj ds izfr tkx:drk (IPR

Awareness)- yksxksa dks ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa (IPRs) ds ykHkksa ds lanHkZ esa tkx:d cukukA

¥ vkbZihvkj dh larfr@ tuu (Generation

of IPRs)- uokpkfj;ksa vkSj vuqlaèkku dÙkkZvksa dks uokpkj ds fy, izksRlkfgr djukA

¥ dkuwuh vkSj foèkk;h <k¡pk (Legal and

Legislative framework)- uokpkfj;ksa rFkk lkekU; turk ds fgrksa ds chp esa larqyu ykus okys vkbZihvkj ls tqM+s csgrj dkuwu ykukA

¥ iz'kklu vkSj izcaèku (Administration

and Management)- vkbZihvkj ls tqM+s iz'kklfud laLFkkuksa dks dq'ky vkSj izHkkoh cukukA

¥ vkbZihvkj dk O;olk;hdj.k (Commercialisation of IPRs)- uokpkfj;ksa (Innovators) vkSj fuos'kdksa (Investors) dks vkil esa tksM+ukA

¥ izorZu vkSj vfèkfu.kZ;u (Inforcement

and Adjudication)- vkbZihvkj ls tqM+s gq, dkuwuksa dks csgrj <ax ls ykxw djuk vkSj muds mYya?ku dks jksdukA

¥ ekuo iw¡th fodkl (Human Capital

Development)- vkbZihvkj dks cM+kok nsus



ds fy, mi;qDr ekuo 'kfDr ds fuekZ.k dks lqfuf'pr djukA

vkbZihvkj {ks=k esa mUu;u gsrq dqN ekSfyd lq>ko

¥ ^Hkkjrh; isVsaV vkWfiQl* us o"kZ 2017&18 esa 2016&17 ds vis{kkÑr 32 izfr'kr vfèkd isVsaV xzk.V (Grant) fd;sA ;g miyfCèk bl otg ls gkfly gq;h D;ksafd ljdkj us isVsaV xzk.V dh Vkbeykbu (le;lhek) dks de dj fn;k gSA vr% ljdkj dks îsVsaV izfØ;k* ds ,sls gh ^ywi gksYl* (Loop

Hols) dh igpku djds] mudk fujLrhdj.k djuk gksxkA

¥ vkbZih ls lacafèkr dkslZ yxHkx lHkh mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa miyCèk gksuk pkfg,A

¥ isVsaV ,tsaV cuus ds fy, fuf'pr le; ij gj lky ljdkj dks ijh{kk vk;ksftr djuh pkfg, rkfd yksxksa dks blds ckjs esa le; jgrs tkudkjh gkfly gks ldsA

¥ isVsaV ,tsaV cuus dk ikB~;Øe (Syllabus)Hkh ljdkj dks lqLi"V djuk pkfg, rkfd bl {ks=k esa dSfj;j ns[kus okyksa ds eu esa la'k; dh fLFkfr mRiUu u gksA

¥ ûs'kuy izksxzke vkWu VsDuksykWth bUgSaLM yfu±x IysViQkeZ* (National Programme

on Technology Enhanced Learning

Plateform) ij vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr vkWuykbu dkslZ miyCèk gSa] ysfdu blls vHkh rd dqN [kkl iQk;nk ugha gqvk gSA bl IysViQkeZ ij gj lky gtkjksa fo|kFkhZ iathdj.k (Registration) rks djrs gSa fdUrq oks vkbZihvkj ls lacafèkr izoh.krk (Proficiency) gkfly ugha djrs gSaA gesa dkslsZl (Courses) ij iQksdl djus dh ctk; dSfj;j ij iQksdl djuk gksxk rkfd T;knk ls T;knk fo|kFkhZ vkbZihvkj {ks=k esa viuk Hkfo"; lqfuf'pr djsaA

¥ vHkh Hkkjr esa yxHkx 2000 jftLVMZ isVsaV ,tsaV gSa tcfd Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa budh la[;k dkiQh vfèkd gksuh pkfg,A

¥ vHkh Hkkjr esa isVsaV ,tsaV cuus ls lacafèkr fliQZ ,d gh ijh{kk ljdkj }kjk dHkh&dHkh vk;ksftr dh tkrh gS] ftldk fooèkhdj.k vfr vko';d gSA blds vykok] bl {ks=k esa vkxs c<+us okyksa ds fy, ljdkj dks vkbZihvkj {ks=k ls lacafèkr 'Post Qualification

Courses' Hkh miyCèk djkuk gksxkA

fu"d"kZ%

fodkl dk vkèkkj uokpkj gksrk gS ysfdu uokpkj dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, ;g t#jh gS

fd uokpkfj;ksa ds uokpkj ls tqM+s okf.kfT;d vfèkdkjksa dks i;kZIr :i ls lqjf{kr fd;k tk;sA ;fn ,slk ugha gksrk gS rks yksx uokpkj ds fy, izsfjr ugha gksaxsA ljdkj dks viuh vkbZihvkj ikWfylh esa mi;qZDr n'kZu vkSj xjhc tUkrk ds fgrksa ds chp larqyu (Balance) cukuk gksxkA

;g uhfr Hkkjr esa ,d xfr'khy (dynamic),

etcwr vkSj larqfyr vkbZihvkj O;oLFkk dks lqfuf'pr djus ij tksj nsrh gSA ;g 'Compulsory'

rFkk êgRoiw.kZ ifjorZu* (Significant Change)

ds izkoèkkuksa ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk ugha djrh gSA blds ckotwn bl uhfr esa ^vkj ,.M Mh* dks fdl izdkj vkxs c<+k;k tk;sxk] ;g ugha crk;k x;k gSA blh izdkj] Kku dk vfr& okf.kfT;hdj.k lekt ds fy, mfpr ugha gksrk gSA gj Kku dks ^vkbZih laifÙk* (IP Assets) dk :i ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg,A


¥ lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh] varfj{k] dEI;wVj] jkscksfVDl] uSuks&VSDuksykWth] ck;ks& VSDuksykWth vkSj ckSf¼d lEink vf/dkjksa ls lacaf/r fo"k;ksa ds laca/ esa tkx:drkA

¢

7- ekuo&i'kq Vdjko% csgrj izcaèku dh vko';drk

ppkZ dk dkj.k

i'kqvksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, dke djus okys laxBu oYMZ ,fuey izksVsD'ku (WAP) us dgk gS fd ekuo&i'kq Vdjko dh fLFkfr ls êkuoh; vkSj is'ksoj* rjhds ls fuiVus dh vko';drk gSA blds lkFk gh fudk; us dgk fd egkjk"Vª rFkk mÙkj çns'k esa ,d ,d ck?k dh gR;k dh ?kVukvksa ls irk yxrk gS fd ekuo&i'kq Vdjko ls fuiVus ds fy, rS;kfj;k¡ i;kZIr ugha gSaA dgk tkrk gS fd egkjk"Vª esa ckf?ku vouh us fiNys nks lky esa 13 yksxksa dh tku ys yh FkhA ,d vU; ?kVuk esa] mÙkj çns'k ds ihyhHkhr ftys esa VªSDVj ls ,d ck?k dks dqpy nsus ds vkjksi esa Ng yksxksa vkSj dqN vKkr xzkeh.kksa ds f•ykiQ çkFkfedh ntZ dh x;hA

mYys[kuh; gS fd mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us gky gh esa ekuo i'kq Vdjko dks vc jkT;

vkink ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA ,slk fu.kZ; djus okyk ns'k dk igyk jkT; ^mÙkj çns'k* cu x;k gSA ljdkj }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s vkns'k esa dgk x;k gS fd] ,sls ekeyksa esa e`R;q gksus ij e`rd ds ifjtuksa dks ikap yk• #i;s dh jkgr jkf'k nh tk,xh vkSj ?kk;y gksus ij Hkh enn dh jkf'k feysxhA

D;k gS ekuo&oU;tho la?k"kZ\

ekuo vkSj oU; thoksa ds chp gksus okys fdlh Hkh rjg ds laidZ ds dkj.k balku] oU;tho] lekt] vkfFkZd {ks=k] lkaLÑfrd thou] oU;tho laj{k.k ;k i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okyk udkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gS] ekuo&oU;tho la?k"kZ dgykrk gSA bl la?k"kZ ds pkj vk;ke gSa&

¥ oU;thoksa ds dkj.k vkfFkZd {kfrA

¥ oU;thoksa ds geys ls i'kqèku dk uqdlkuA

¥ oU;thoksa ds geys ls ekuoh; thou dk uqdlkuA

¥ balkuh izfr'kksèk esa oU;thoksa dk uqdlku vkfnA

orZeku fLFkfr

oU; çkf.k;ksa ds xkaoksa ,oa 'kgjksa esa ços'k] •srh&ikyrw i'kqvksa dks uqdlku igqapkus vkSj euq";ksa ij ?kkrd geyk djus dh ?kVuk,a ns'k Hkj esa c<+ jgh gSaA ou {ks=kksa ds fudV ds xkaoksa ,oa dLcksa esa ,slh ?kVuk,a vk, fnu gks jgh gSaA ouksa esa jgus okys canj tc&rc xkao vkSj 'kgj esa >qaM cukdj geys djus yxs gSaA blh rjg ck?k] jhN] uhyxk;] fl;kj] ydM+cXxs vkSj fgj.k vkfn i'kq Hkh iQlyksa vkSj ekuo dks uqdlku igq¡pkus yxs gSaA vxj fiNys ,d n'kd dh fLFkfr dks ns[ksa rks taxyh tkuojksa ds geyksa esa ?kk;y vkSj e`r yksxksa ,oa eosf'k;ksa dk



vkadM+k gtkjksa esa gksxk] ogha balku vkSj tkuoj ds Vdjko ls iQly] çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa vkSj nwljs uqdlku dk fglkc&fdrkc djksM+ksa esa gksxkA

okbZYM ykbZiQ VªLV vkWiQ bafM;k vkSj mÙkj izns'k ljdkj ds ^^fyfoax fon n okbZYM fefVxs'ku dUiQfyDV fcVohu gw;weu ,aM chx dSV~l** fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dsoy Hkkyw] gkFkh vkSj exjePN rFkk ekuo ds chp la?k"kZ esa ekpZ 2018 rd 6 yksxksa dh ekSr gqbZA vdsys 2017 esa mÙkj izns'k esa ck?k ds geys ls 17 yksx ekjs x;sA

bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 50» rsUnqvksa dk fu'kkuk cPps vkSj NksVs i'kq (tSls& HksM+] cdjh vkfn) gSaA ck?kksa ds 87» geys taxy ds lhekorhZ bykdksa esa vkSj vkl&ikl ds xUus ds [ksrksa esa gq,A 13» ekeyksa esa ?kVuk LFky ekuo cfLr;ksa esa cus ?kj gSaA rsUnqvksa ds 92-1» geys xkao o mlds vkl&ikl ds {ks=k gSaA

vxys djhc 30 lkyksa esa nqfu;k ds 1@4 Lruèkkjh thoksa ds [kRe gksus dh vk'kadk gSA dbZ vè;;u crkrs gSa fd jkstkuk ,d nkar okys rhu xSaMs nqfu;k ls [kRe gks tkrs gSaA gj lky djhc 20]000 MkWfYiQu f'kdkj esa ekjh tkrh gSa] nqfu;k esa 800 ls Hkh de igkM+h xksfjYyk cps gSa] if{k;ksa dh ckr djsa rks izR;sd vkB esa ls ,d iztkfr ij [krjk eaMkjk jgk gSA

mÙkj çns'k ds rjkbZ {ks=k dk taxy gks vFkok mÙkjkapy dk ou{ks=k gks] mlesa ls ckgj fudys ck?k pkjksa rjiQ viuk vkrad iQSyk, gSa vkSj csdlwj xzkeh.k mudk fuokyk cu jgs gSaA taxyh tkuojksa vkSj ekuo ds chp la?k"kZ D;ks c<+ jgk gS\ vkSj taxyh tkuoj taxy ds ckgj fudyus ds fy, D;ksa fco'k gSa\ bl fodV leL;k dk le; jgrs lekèkku fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA mÙkj çns'k] mÙkjk•.M dh Hkkafr NÙkhlx<+] >kj•.M] vle] jktLFkku vkSj ns'k ds nwljs jkT;ksa esa ou{ks=k ds lehi cls {ks=kksa ls taxyh tkuojksa dh ?kqliSB vkSj geys dh •cjsa vkrh jgrh gSaA

taxyh tkuojksa ds geys esa ekjs x, ,ao ?kk;y gksus okyksa dk vkadM+k leL;k dh xaHkhjrk dks çnf"kZr djrk gSA >kj•aM ds ou cgqy bykdksa ls yxh cfLr;ksa esa jgus okys yksx •klrkSj ij gkfFk;ksa] HksfM+;ksa] ydM+c??kksa tSls oU;thoksa ls T;knk ijs'kku jgrs gSaA fliQZ gkfFk;ksa us gh fiNys nl o"kks± ds vanj 745 yksxksa dks ekSr dh uhan lqyk fn;kA ;fn •cjksa ij fo'okl fd;k tk, rks fiNys nks n'kdksa ds nkSjku gkfFk;ksa

us dsoy NÙkhlx<+ esa 150 ls T;knk euq";ksa dh tku yh gSA o"kZ 2001 ls 2017 rd mÙkjk•.M esa taxyh tkuojksa ds geyksa esa 500 yksxksa dh ekSr vkSj 780 yksx ?kk;y gq,A 2017 rd gkfFk;ksa ds geys ls ekjs x, yksxksa] ?kk;yksa] cckZn gqbZ iQlyksa] eosf'k;ksa] ?kjksa vkSj vuktksa dh {kfr ij ljdkj us eqvkotk ds rkSj ij yxHkx 2500-86 yk• #i;s dh vnk;xh dh FkhA fiNys rhu lkyksa esa ;wih ds ftyk •hjh ,oa ihyhHkhr ds taxyksa ls fudys ck?kksa ds }kjk •hjh] ihyhHkhr] 'kkgtgkaiqj] lhrkiqj] ckjkcadh] y•uÅ] iQStkckn rd nks ntZu ds vklikl ekuo ekjs tk pqds gSaA jktekxkZs ds lVs taxyksa esa Hkh tkuojksa ds LoHkko esa vlkekU; cnyko ns•s x, gSaA fo'ks"k rkSj ij mÙkjk•.M esa ½f"kds'k&nsgjknwu jksM ij gkFkh dbZ yksxksa dks f'kdkj cuk pqds gSaA ;gka ;k rks tkuojksa us euq"; dks uqdlku igqapk;k gS ;k gkFkh] xqynkj] ck?k] Hkkyw tSls tkuoj yksxksa dk fu'kkuk cus gSaA bl VdjkgV us ou foHkkx lesr oU;tho fo'ks"kKksa dh fpark dks c<+k fn;k gSA

Vªsuksa ds lkFk Vdjko ds ifj.kkeLo:i e`R;q nj ls irk pyk fd 2011 vkSj 2015 ds chp lSdM+ks ck?k] fclu] gkFkh] uhyxk; vkSj fx¼ksa dh ekSr gks xbZA lwph esa 'kh"kZ ij gkFkh Fks] 2013 esa 39 vkSj 2015 esa 29 gkfFk;ksa d ekSr gqbZ D;ksafd gkFkh èkhjs&èkhjs >qaM ds :i esa vkxs c<+rs gSa] blfy, Vªsuksa }kjk ekjs tkus dh laHkkouk vfèkd gksrh gSA

ekuo&i'kq Vdjko ds dkj.k

ekuo vkSj oU; çkf.k;ksa ds chp bl rjg dk Vdjko u;k ugha gS] ij bu ?kVukvksa ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g leL;k vc cnrj fLFkfr esa igqap pqdh gSA bu ?kVukvksa ls tqM+h •cjksa esa tkuojksa dh vksj ls gksus okys •rjksa dks rks vgfe;r feyh gS ysfdu i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku tSlh leL;k dh vly otgksa dks utjvankt dj fn;k x;k gSA tSls&tSls 'kgj iQSyrs gq, taxyksa dh lhek Nwrs gSa] tkuojksa ds vkokl LFky vkSj vkgkj ds {ks=kksa vkfn tSls dbZ ekeyksa esa cnyko vkrk gSA

cnys ifjos'k ls rkyesy fcBkus dh dksf'k'k esa tkuoj Hkkstu dh ryk'k esa HkVdrs gq, vkne cfLr;ksa esa vk tkrs gSaA lkFk gh tkuoj •srksa dh vksj c<+us dks etcwj gks tkrs gSa vkSj iQlyksa ds uqdlku ds vans'ks ds pyrs fdlku mUgsa ekj nsrs gSaA LokHkkfod :i ls ?kVrs taxyksa ds pyrs tkuoj yksxksa ds jkLrs esa vk,axsA vksMhlk

esa fiNys lky ,d Vªsu us Ng gkfFk;ksa dks jkSan fn;k FkkA dksbZ jk"Vªh; uhfr u gksus ls ,sls ekeyksa esa jkT; vius&vius <ax ls fucVrs gSaA dukZVd esa ou lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds pkjksa vksj fctyh dh ckM+ yxkbZ xbZ gSA

ou fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj ekuotfur vFkok çkÑfrd ifjfLFkfr;ka ekuo ij geyk djus dks foo'k djrh gSaA tc dHkh ckgqY; {ks=kiQy esa taxy Fks rc ekuo vkSj oU;tho nksuksa viuh&viuh lhekvksa esa lqjf{kr jgs] le; cnyk vkSj vkcknh c<+h fiQj fd;k tkus yxk ouksa dk vaèkkèkqUèk fouk'kA ftldk ifj.kke ;g fudyk fd taxyksa dk nk;jk fleVus yxk] oU;tho ckgj Hkkxs vkSj mlds ckn 'kq: gqvk u •Re gksus okyk ekuo vkSj oU;i'kqvksa ds chp dk la?k"kZA ck?k vFkok oU;tho taxy ls D;ksa fudyrs gSa blds fy, çkÑfrd ,oa ekuotfur dbZ dkj.k gSaA buesa NksVs&eksVs LokFkkZs ds dkj.k u dsoy taxy dkVs x, cfYd taxyh tkuojksa dk Hkjiwj f'kdkj fd;k x;kA vkt Hkh us'kuy ikdZ dk vkjf{kr ou{ks=k gks ;k lajf{kr taxy gks muesa yxkrkj voSèk f'kdkj tkjh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd oU;thoksa dh reke çtkfr;ka ladVkiUu gksdj foyqIr gksus dh dxkj ij gSaA bl ckr dk vHkh vans'kk Hkj trk;k tk ldrk gS fd bl bykds esa ck?kksa dh la[;k c<+us ij muds fy, Hkkstu dk ladV vk;k gksA vlkekU; O;ogkj vklikl ds yksxksa ds fy, •rjs dh ?kaVh gks ldrk gSA exj blls Hkh cM+k •rjk bl ckr dk gS fd dgha euq";ksa vkSj taxyh tkuoj ds chp vius dks ftUnk j•us ds fy, •kus dh tíkstsgkn u, fljs ls fdlh ifjfLFkfrdh; vlarqyu dks u iSnk dj nsA

bèkj çkÑfrd dkj.kksa ls taxy ds Hkhrj pkjkxkg Hkh fleV x, vFkok ou foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa dh futLokFkZijrk ls gq, dqçcaèku ds dkj.k pkjkxkg Åaph ?kkl ds eSnkuksa esa cny x,A ifj.kke Lo:i ouLifr vkgkjh oU;tho pkjk dh ryk'k esa taxy ds ckgj vkrs gSa rks viuh Hkw• 'kkar djus ds fy, oujkt ck?k Hkh muds lkFk ihNs&ihNs ckgj vkdj vklku f'kdkj dh çR;k'kk esa xUus ds •srksa dks vLFkkbZ 'kj.kxkg cuk ysrs gSaA ifj.kke lg vfLrRo ds chp ekuo rFkk oU;thoksa ds chp la?k"kZ c<+ tkrk gSA

njvly fodkl ds uke ij taxyksa ds dVus vkSj vius fBdkuksa ij dCtk gksrs ns•dj



tkuoj 'kgjh {ks=kksa dh vksj iyk;u dj jgs gSaA blh vkikèkkih esa os fgald Hkh gksrs tk jgs gSaA NÙkhlx<+ ds dksjck {ks=k esa dks;yk mR•uu vkSj fctyh ifj;kstukvksa ds dkj.k ou {ks=k mtkM+ gks pqds gSaA bUgha {ks=kksa esa gkfFk;ksa dk fuokl gSA blds vykok mM+hlk vkSj >kj•aM esa Hkh ou mtM+ jgs gSaA ogka Hkh gkfFk;ksa ds çkÑfrd fuokl ladV esa gSaA blfy, lky esa dbZ ckj bu çkarksa ls lqjf{kr fuokl vkSj HkjisV Hkkstu dh ryk'k esa cM+h la[;k esa fudys gkFkh NÙkhlx<+ ds eSnkuh bykdksa ij èkkok cksy nsrs gSa

c<+rs ekuo&i'kq la?k"kks± dk ,d çeq• dkj.k vfèklwfpr lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds ckgj cM+h la[;k esa tkuojksa vkSj if{k;ksa dh mifLFkfr gSA oU;tho fo'ks"kKksa dk vuqeku gS fd Hkkjr esa 35 çfr'kr ck?k lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds ckgj gSaA

çHkko

ekuo i'kq Vdjko ds izHkko dks fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvkas ds rgr ns[kk tk ldrk gS&

1- izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjr esa i'kqvksa ,oa tkuojksa dks ekuo dk fe=k ekuk tkrk jgk gSA ;|fi ekuo&i'kq la?k'kZ dksbZ u;h ckr ugha gS rFkkfi orZeku esa c<+rs ekuoh; gLr{ksi ds dkj.k buds chp Vdjko dh fLFkfr xaHkhj gks xbZ gSA

2- Hkkjr ds lHkh {ks=kksa pkgs og xk¡o gks ;k 'kgj lHkh txg buds c<+rs Vdjko ls ekuo vkSj tkuoj@i'kq nksuksa esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk c<+rh tk jgh gSA

3- losZ{k.k ds vkèkkj ij ns[kk tk; rks oSls gh tkuojksa dh la[;k fnu izfrfnu de gksrh tk jgh gSA buds eè; Vdjko ls la[;k vkSj rst xfr ls de gksxhA

4- i`Foh dk ,d ewyHkwr fl¼kar gS fd og lHkh izkf.k;ksa dk Hkj.kiks"k.k djrh gS vkSj larqyu cuk, j[krh gSA ;fn buesa ls fdlh dh Hkh la[;k esa vR;fèkd deh gksrh gS rks i`Foh dk i;kZoj.kh; larqyu fcxM+ ldrk gSA

5- tkuojksa dh deh ;k [kRe gksus ls ekuo dk vfLrRo Hkh lekIr gks tk,xkA

vkxs dh jkg

leL;k yxkrkj xaHkhj :i èkkj.k dj jgh gS vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa dsoy eqvkotk forfjr dj vius drZO; dh bfrJh eku ysrh gSa] tcfd leL;k dk gy dsoy i;kZoj.k ,oa ou laj{k.k ds tfj, gh laHko gSA bldks jksdus ds fy, vc t:jh gks x;k gS fd oU;thoksa ds voSèk f'kdkj ij l[rh ls jksd yxkbZ tk;s rFkk pkjkxkgksa dks iqjkuk Lo:i fn;k tk, rkfd oU;tho pkjs ds fy, taxy ds ckgj u vk;saA

blds vfrfjÙkQ oU; çkf.k;ksa dks çkÑfrd oklLFkyksa esa ekuo dh c<+rh ?kqliSB dks jksdk tk;s lkFk gh ,sls Hkh dkjxj ç;kl fd;s tk;sa ftlls ekuo ,oa oU;tho ,d nwljs dks çHkkfor fd;s fcuk jg ldsaA ou foHkkx ds ikl lkèkuksa ,oa lalkèkuksa dh Hkkjh deh gSA yky iQhrk'kkgh vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh mnkluhrk us Hkh leL;k esa btkiQk fd;k gSA gkykr ;g gS fd geus tkuojksa dk ?kj mtkM+k gSA mldh ltk ekuo cfLr;ksa ij tkuojksa ds geys ds :i esa fey jgh gSA ekuo dks vc Hkh lkoèkku gksdj taxy esa gLr{ksi ls ckt vkuk pkfg,A

oU; i'kqvksa ds dkj.k gqbZ ekuoh; ekSrksa dks jksdus ds fy, muds vkxeu dh ;k fLFkfr dh lgh tkudkjh nsus okys ra=k ds fodkl dh vko';drk gSA tSls fd gkFkh vDlj >aqM esa pyrs gSa vkSj mudh xfrfofèk;ksa dh fn'kk dh tkudkjh ou foHkkx dks feyrh jgrh gSA gkFkh&cgqy bykdksa esa ou foHkkx dqN lM+dksa dks jkr ds le; can Hkh dj nsrk gS] rFkk ogk¡ gkfFk;ksa ls lkoèkku jgus lacèkh psrkouh Hkh yxk nh tkrh gSA

vkt oU; thou laj{k.kdrkZ vusd çdkj ds vkèkqfud ;a=kksa ls ySl gksrs gSaA muds ikl ,l ,e ,l ,yVZ ds fy, eksckby iQksu] oU;i'kq dh fLFkfr dh tkudkjh ds fy, Lopkfyr (Automated) ç.kkyh ,oa psrkouh nsus okys ra=k gksrs gSaA budh enn ls oU; i'kqvksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks tkudj ekuo&thou dh] iQly dh ,oa laifÙk dh j{kk dh tk ldrh gSA

taxyksa ds eè; cls xkaoksa esa lqjf{kr vkokl] fctyh dh miyCèkrk] ?kj esa 'kkSpky;ksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa bu {ks=kksa dks vPNh ifjogu lsok ls tksM+dj ekuo&oU;thou la?k"kZ dks cgqr de fd;k tk ldrk gSA i'kqvksa ds vkokl dks •uu ;k ekuo cfLr;ksa ds fy, mtkM+k tk jgk gSA i'kq fdlh Hkh •sr esa rc ?kqlrs gaS] tc og •sr muds vkoklh; {ks=k ds vklikl gks] iQly •kus ;ksX; gks] ty L=kksr ds ikl gks ;k i'kqvksa ds fopj.k {ks=k esa vkrs gksaA ,sls •kl LFkkuksa dks igpkudj mudh ckM+canh ;k fctyh;qÙkQ ckM+ yxokbZ tk ldrh gSA

i;kZoj.k ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; iQly chek ;kstuk esa oU; i'kqvksa ds dkj.k gqbZ iQly& {kfr dks Hkh chek esa 'kkfey djus dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA fouk'kdkjh i'kqvksa ij vkjksi yxkus dh ctk; ,sls leL;kxzLr txgksa dh igpku djds ogk¡ ds yksxksa dks le;≤ ij lrdZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,ALFkkuh; turk vkSj ou foHkkx deZpkfj;ksa dks i'kqvksa ls cpus ds fy, çf'kf{kr ,oa l'kÙkQ cukus dh cgqr t:jr gSA ou ,oa oU; thou gekjs thou dk egRoiw.kZ vax gSaA oU; i'kqvksa ds oèk dks jksduk gj gky esa t:jh gSA blls ekuo ,oa oU; thou_ nksuksa dks gh ykHk gksxkA

oU;thoksa esa ekbØksfpi ;k jsfM;ksdkWyj yxk;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls oU;thoksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk irk yxk;k tk ldsA blds vykok Mªksu rduhdh dk mi;ksx dj oU;thoksa ij fuxjkuh j[kh tk ldrh gSA cM+s iSekus esa isM+&ikSèks yxkdj vkSj u;s taxyksa dk fuekZ.k dj muds izkÑfrd vkokl dks lajf{kr fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA blds lkFk&lkFk yksxksa dks tkx:d djus dh vko';drk gSA tSls tc taxyh tkuoj fjgk;'kh bykdksa esa vk;s rks muds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj fd;k tk,A


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djsxh vkSj Ñf"k vk; esa Hkh o`f¼ djsxhA lkSj

tyfufèk ;kstuk ds rgr fdlkuksa dh •srh ds

fy, i;kZIr fctyh feys ;g fuf'pr fd;k tk,xkA lkSj tyfufèk ;kstuk gfjr ÅtkZ ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsxh vkSj çnw"k.k dks de djsxhA lkSj tyfufèk] vfHklj.k eksM esa ,d vPNh rjg ls vkèkkfjr lkSj iai flapkbZ ç.kkyh

gSA blds vykok] bl ljdkjh ;kstuk ds varxZr] fctyh vkiwfrZ {ks=kksa }kjk lajf{kr ;k de ls de lsok ds fdlkuksa dks lkSj iai lsV çnku fd, tk,axsA rkfd og lHkh fdlku fcuk fdlh ijs'kkuh ds viuh Ñf"k dj ldsA n

3- gksi vkbySaM esa xzsVj Ýysfeaxks dh okilh

,d yacs varjky ds ckn dksfjaxk oU;tho vHk;kj.; (Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary) ds gksi vkbySaM esa xzsVj Ýysfeaxks i{kh fn•kbZ fn;k gSA 'khrdky dh 'kq#vkr gksrs gh ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa çoklh if{k;ksa dk vkxeu 'kq: gks tkrk gSA ;g ,d vuojr çfØ;k gS] tks lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh gSA ysfdu bèkj gky gh esa ns'k esa çnw"k.k vkSj budh jkg vlqjf{kr gksus ds dkj.k budh la[;k esa deh vkbZ gSA

fo'o esa yxHkx 13 gtkj ls vfèkd çtkfr;ksa ds i{kh ik, tkrs gSa] ftuesa ls yxHkx 1300 çtkfr;k¡ gekjs ns'k esa ikbZ tkrh gSaA bu if{k;ksa ds thou dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ i{k gS LFkukarj.k vFkkZr~ çoklu] ysfdu bl fo"k; esa yksxksa dks i;kZIr tkudkjh ugha gSA yk•ksa fons'kh i{kh yach mM+ku Hkjdj çfro"kZ 'khrdky esa gekjs ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vkrs gSa vkSj ekpZ ds var esa xehZ dk ekSle 'kq: gksus ij okil vius ns'k pys tkrs gSaA

i{kh cnyrs ekSle dh igpku vkdk'k esa lw;Z ls vkus okys çdk'k dh ek=kk vkSj nSfud çdk'k dh jkf'k ds vkèkkj ij djrs gSaA ,sls esa tc os eglwl djrs gSa fd çokl dk le; vk

x;k gS rks os viuh yach ;k=kk çkjaHk dj nsrs gSaA çokl dk lgh le; fuèkkZfjr djus esa miyCèk Hkkstu dh vkiwfrZ] •jkc ekSle ;k rwiQku] gok dk rkieku vkSj mldk iSVuZ tSls dkjdksa dh Hkwfedk vge~ gksrh gSA çokl dh ;k=kk ds nkSjku i{kh viuh ;k=kk dks lqjf{kr cukus ds vius O;ogkj esa Hkh ifjorZu djrs gSaA

D;ksa djrs gSa çoklu\

rkieku vkSj •k|kUu dh miyCèkrk i{kh çokl ds çeq• dkj.kksa esa ls gSaA lfnZ;ksa esa iwohZ ;wjksi rFkk ;wjsf'k;k ds ns'kksa esa Hk;adj BaM iM+rh gS vkSj ciQhZys {ks=kksa esa •k|kUu dh miyCèkrk Hkh de gks tkrh gSA ,sls esa ml {ks=k ls yk•ksa&djksM+ksa i{kh çfro"kZ vis{kkÑr de BaMs ns'kksa (vfèkdka'kr% vÚhdh ns'k) dh vksj mM+ pyrs gSaA oSls rks ;g çokl vfèkdka'kr% 'khrdky esa gksrk gS] ysfdu dekscs'k bls xfeZ;ksa rFkk ekulwu ds le; Hkh ns•k tk ldrk gSAmÙkj vkSj nf{k.k èkzqoksa ij jgus okys yxHkx 50» i{kh 'khrdky esa viuk fBdkuk NksM+dj lqjf{kr fBdkus dh ryk'k esa mM+ tkrs gSa vkSj lfnZ;k¡ lekIr gksrs gh ;s vius ewy LFkkuksa dh vksj ykSV tkrs gSaA

xzsVj Ýysfeaxks

;g xqtjkr dk jkT; i{kh gSA xzsVj Ýysfeaxks lHkh çdkj ds Ýysfeaxks esa vkdkj esa lcls cM+k gksrk gSA xzsVj Ýysfeaxks vÚhdk ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa] ,f'k;k ds nf{k.k&iwohZ fgLlksa ds lkFk&lkFk nf{k.kh ;wjksi esa Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA ,f'k;kbZ {ks=k esa ;g Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds rVh; {ks=kksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA ;s {kkjh; vkSj uedhu >hyksa esa okl djrs gSaA ;g çtkfr ekWyLd (mollusks)] ØLVsfl;u (crustaceans)] dhM+s] dsdM+ksa vkSj NksVh eNfy;ksa dk lsou djrh gSA buds vkgkj esa fofHkUu ikSèks tSls&'kSoky vkfn Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;s rVh; vkæZHkwfe esa ikbZ tkus okyh czkbu fJai vkSj 'kSoky ds lsou ls fo'ks"k xqykch jax çkIr djrs gSaA Ýysfeaxks ,d LoLFk rVh; i;kZoj.k ds ladsrd gSA

dksfjax oU; thou vH;kj.; Hkkjr esa if'pe caxky ds lqanjou MsYVk ds ckn ns'k dk nwljk lcls cM+k eSaxzkso ou {ks=k gSA ;g vkaèkzçns'k esa vofLFkr gSA ;gk¡ eSaxzkso dh dqy 24 çtkfr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA bu çtkfr;ksa esa 94 çoklh if{k;ksa lfgr if{k;ksa dh dqy 266 çtkfr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA n

4- ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj gsrq lg;ksx ,oa laidZ dk;ZØe

çèkkuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh us 02 uoacj 2018 dks lw{e] y?kq ,oa e>ksys m|e (,e,l,ebZ) lsDVj ds fy, ,d ,sfrgkfld lg;ksx ,oa laidZ dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA bl dk;ZØe ds rgr çèkkuea=kh us 12 egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk,a dh gSa] ftuls ns'k Hkj esa ,e,l,ebZ ds fodkl vkSj foLrkj ds lkFk&lkFk mUgsa lgwfy;rsa nsus esa enn feysxhA

çèkkuea=kh }kjk 12 egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk,a%

çèkkuea=kh us ,e,l,ebZ dks vklkuh ls ½.k miyCèk djkus ds fy, 59 feuV ds yksu iksVZy

dk 'kqHkkjaHk djus dk ?kks"k.kk fd;kA bl iksVZy ds tfj, fliQZ 59 feuV esa ,d djksM+ #i;s rd ds ½.kksa dks lS¼kafrd eatwjh nh tk ldrh gSA th,lVh iksVZy ds tfj, bl iksVZy dk ,d fyad miyCèk djk;k tk,xkA çèkkuea=kh us lHkh th,lVh iathÑr lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|eksa (,e,l,ebZ) ds fy, nks çfr'kr C;kt lfClMh nsus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA f'kiesaV ls iwoZ vkSj f'kiesaV ds ckn dh vofèk esa ½.k ysus okys fu;kZrdksa ds fy, çèkkuea=kh us C;kt dh NwV rhu çfr'kr ls c<+kdj ikap çfr'kr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA

ikap lkS djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd VuZvksoj

okyh lHkh daifu;ksa dks vc vko';d :i ls O;kikj çkfIr;ka bZ&fMLdkmafVax ç.kkyh (VhvkjbZMh,l) iksVZy esa 'kkfey fd;k tk;sxkA bl ?kks"k.kk esa 'kkfey gksus ls m|eh viuh vkxkeh çkfIr;ksa ds vkèkkj ij cSadksa ls ½.k ys ldsaxsA blls muds udnh pØ dh leL;k,a gy gks tk,axhA lkoZtfud {ks=k dh daifu;ksa dks vc 20 çfr'kr dh ctk; viuh dqy •jhnkjh dh 25 çfr'kr •jhnkjh ,e,l,ebZ ls djus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA ikapoh ?kks"k.kk efgyk m|fe;ksa ls lacafèkr gSaA ,e,l,ebZ ls dh xbZ vko';d 25 çfr'kr •jhnkjh esa ls 3 çfr'kr •jhnkjh



vc efgyk m|fe;ksa ds fy, vkjf{kr dh xbZ gSaA çèkkuea=kh us dgk fd Ms<+ yk• ls vfèkd vkiwfrZdrkZ vc thbZ,e ds lkFk iathÑr gSa buesa ls 40 gtkj ,e,l,ebZ gSaA

lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx (,e,l,ebZ)%

lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx (,e,l,ebZ) os m|ksx gSa ftuesa dke djus okyksa dh la[;k ,d lhek ls de gksrh gS rFkk mudk okf"kZd mRiknu Hkh ,d lhek ds vUnj jgrk gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl esa budk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA

dsaæ ljdkj ds lHkh lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeksa dks vc vko';d :i ls thbZ,e dk

fgLlk gksuk pkfg,A lHkh foØsrkvksa dks thbZ,e ls iathÑr djkuk pkfg,A iwjs ns'k esa 22 dsaæ cuk, tk,axs vkSj Vwy :e ds :i esa 100 LiksDl LFkkfir fd, tk,axsA iQkekZ {ks=k ds lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksxksa (,e,l,ebZ) ds fy, DyLVj cuk;s tk;saxsA bu DyLVj ds fuekZ.k dh ykxr dk 70 çfr'kr dsUæ ljdkj ogu djsxhA vkB Je dkuwuksa vkSj 10 dsUæh; fu;eksa ds rgr fjVuZ vc lky esa ,d gh ckj iQkby fd;s tk;saxsA

ok;q çnw"k.k vkSj ty çnw"k.k fu;eksa ds rgr bu nksuksa Dyh;jsal dks ,dy vuqefr esa lekfo"Va dj fn;k x;k gSA fjVuZ] Lo–çek.khdj.k

ds tfj;s Lohdkj fd;k tk;sxkA 12oha ?kks"k.kk ds :i esa ,d vè;kns'k yk;k x;k gS] ftlds rgr daiuh vfèkfu;e ds lacaèk esa ekewyh mYya?kuksa ds fy, m|eh dks vnkyrksa ds pDdj ugha yxkus gksaxsA mUgsa vklku çfØ;kvksa ds rgr nq#Lr dj fy;k tk;sxkA

çèkkuea=kh us ,e,l,ebZ ds lsDVj ds deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk dk Hkh mYys• fd;k gSA ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d fe'ku 'kq: fd;k tk;sxk fd mUgsas tu&èku •krk] Hkfo"; fufèk vkSj chek miyCèk gksA vxys 100 fnuksa ds nkSjku bl vkmVjhp dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u dh xgu fuxjkuh dh tk;sxhA n

5- {ks=kh; lEidZ ;kstuk

{ks=kh; lEidZ ;kstuk (Regional connectivity

scheme – RCS) ds rhljs pj.k dk lw=kikr djrs gq, uxj foekuu ea=kky; (Ministry of Civil

Aviation) us i;ZVu LFkyksa dks 'kkfey djus okys gokbZ ekxks± ds fy, çLrko vkeaf=kr fd;s gSaA blds fy, vkosnu nsus dh vafre frfFk uoEcj 20 j•h xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr ljdkj ty foekuksa (seaplanes) dks O;olkf;d ;k=kh mM+ku ds lapkyu dh vuqefr nsrh gSA bl ;kstuk ds fy, ftu nl i;ZVu LFkyksa dk pquko fd;k x;k gS] os gSa– ljnkj ljoksj ck¡èk ij fLFkr LVspw

vkWiQ ;wfuVh vFkkZr~ ,drk çfrek] vgenkckn dk lkcjerh fjoj ÚaV] mÙkjk•aM&fLFkr Vsgjh ck¡èk vkSj rsyaxkuk dk ukxktZqu lkxjA

RCS dk çèkku mís'; {ks=kh; gokbZ lEidZ

dks lLrk vkSj lqyHk cukrs gq, {ks=kh; lEidZ O;oLFkk dks lqn`<+ djukA {ks=kh; gokbZ lEidZ dks lqyHk cukus ds fy, bl ;kstuk ds varxZr foeku lapkydksa dks NwV vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk nsus dk çLrko gSA {ks=kh; lEidZ ;kstuk (Regional connectivity scheme – RCS) ls Hkkjr esa igyh ckj foeku lsok dk lapkyu djus okys NksVs&NksVs çfr"Bkuksa dks gokbZ ;kf=k;ksa ds vkokxeu esa rhoz fodkl esa lgHkkxh gksus dk volj feysxkA lkFk gh Hkkjr ds foekuu {ks=k dks c<+kok Hkh feysxkA n

6- Hkkjrh; lsuk esa 30 o"kZ ckn nks u;s rksi 'kkfey

gky gh esa Hkkjrh; lsuk ds csM+s esa vesfjdk ds M-777 vYVªkykbV gksfoRtj rksi vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;kbZ K-9 otz rksi dks vkfèkdkfjd rkSj ij 'kkfey fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjÙkQ ,d xu Vkoj dks Hkh lsuk esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA lsuk }kjk vkf•jh ckj 1980 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ,d rksi•kuk ç.kkyh& cksiQkslZ rksi LohMu ls •jhnh xbZ FkhA mlds ckn ls ubZ rksiksa dks •jhnus ds ç;klksa esa dksbZ çxfr ugha gqbZA j{kk ea=kh fueZyk lhrkje.k vkSj lsuk çeq• tujy fcfiu jkor dh mifLFkfr esa nksuksa çdkj dh rhu rksisa lsuk esa 'kkfey dh xb±A dqy feykdj lsuk dks bl o"kZ 10 K-9 rksisa feysaxhA

blds vfrfjÙkQ lsuk esa 'kkfey fd;k tkus okyk rhljk midj.k gS& vke xu Vkoj tks fd ØkWl&daVªh {kerk okyk 6×6 okgu gSA Hkkjrh; daiuh v'kksd fyySaM }kjk fufeZr ;g okgu

eè;e jsat dh rksiksa dks <+ksus ds vuqdwy gSA vçSy 2017 esa] Hkkjrh; bathfu;fjax lewg yklZu ,aM Vqczks (,y,aMVh) vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k ds guok Vsdfou us K-9 otz&Vh rksi cukus ds fy;s ,d vuqcaèk ij gLrk{kj fd;k FkkA

O;kid ijh{k.kksa ds ckn lsuk }kjk gky gh esa bl rksi dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ;g lkSnk 100 rksiksa ds fy;s 4]500 djksM+ #i;s ewY; dk gSA K-9 otz&Vh 155 feeh] 52&dSfycj dh Lo&pkfyr rksisa gSa ftudh ekjd {kerk vfèkdre 40 fdeh gSA bldh vfXu fu;a=k.k ç.kkyh dks jsfxLrkuh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy;s vuqdwfyr fd;k x;k gSA bl le>kSrs ds rgr] igyh 10 rksisa nf{k.k dksfj;k ls vk;kr dh tk,axh vkSj 'ks"k Hkkjr esa ,y,aMVh }kjk fufeZr dh tk,axhA igyh jsftesaV dh rSukrh tqykbZ 2019 rd gksxh vkSj lHkh 100 rksisa 2020 rd çkIr dh tk,axhA

vesfjdk ds lkFk gksfoRtj lkSnk

Hkkjr us 145 M&777 vYVªkykbV gksfoRtj rksiksa

ds fy;s fons'kh lSU; fcØh dk;ZØe ds rgr

uoacj 2016 esa vesfjdk ds lkFk 737 fefy;u

MkWyj ds lkSns ij gLrk{kj fd;s FksA bl le>kSrs

ds rgr iPphl rksisa vk;kr dh tk,axh vkSj

ckdh dks efgaæk xzqi ds lkFk lk>snkjh esa Hkkjr

esa rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA budk forj.k 2020 ds

eè; rd iwjk gks tk,xkA M&777 ,d 155

feeh] 39 dSfycj dh <ks, tkus okyh rksi gSA

egt pkj Vu otuh gksus ds dkj.k bldk ogu

gsyhdkWIVj }kjk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA lsuk

ds iQhYM vkfVZyjh js'kuykbts'ku ;kstuk 1999

ds vuqlkj] 220 rksi•kuk jsftesaV~l ds fy;s

fofHkUu çdkj dh 3]000 rksiksa dks 'kkfey djus

dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA n



7- ,uthVh }kjk U;wfVªuks ç;ksx'kkyk dks eatwjh

jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k us Hkkjr fLFkr U;wVªhuks osèk'kkyk dks nh tkus okyh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh eatwjh dk l'krZ leFkZu fd;k gSA dqN le; iwoZ i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=kky; dh fo'ks"kK ewY;kadu lfefr us bl ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh nh Fkh ysfdu fo'ks"kK ewY;kadu lfefr }kjk nh xbZ eatwjh dks pqukSrh nh xbZ FkhA

pqukSrh esa dgk x;k gS fd bl ifj;kstuk dk vkdyu rfeyukMq ds jkT; i;kZoj.k çHkko vkdyu çkfèkdj.k (SEIAA) }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg;s Fkk tcfd bldk vkdyu i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=kky; dh fo'ks"kK ewY;kadu lfefr }kjk fd;k x;k gSA

U;wfVªuks osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,uvks) D;k gS\

¥ Hkkjr esa fLFkr U;wfVªuks osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,uvks) ,d cM+h foKku ifj;kstuk gSA bldk mís'; U;wfVªuks uked d.kksa dk vè;;u djuk gSA

¥ U;wfVªuks og ewy d.k gksrs gSa ftudk lw;Z] rkjksa ,oa ok;qeaMy esa çkÑfrd #i ls fuekZ.k gksrk gSA

¥ U;wfVªuks ds ckjs esa igys ekuk x;k fd ;s æO;eku jfgr d.k gSa fdarq gky gh esa U;wfVªuks nksyu ifj?kVuk ds fujh{k.k }kjk fd, x, ç;ksxksa ls ;g fl¼ ugha gksrk gSA

¥ v'kwU; U;wfVªuks æO;ekuksa ds vfLrRo ds

fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa xgu vFkZ gSa tks fd d.k HkkSfrdh ds çfr ewyHkwr #fp gksus ds vfrfjÙkQ ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh] HkwHkkSfrdh] •xksyHkkSfrdh o dkWLeksykWth dh rjg vyx&vyx gSaA

¥ vkbZ,uvks ifj;kstuk esa vU; U;wfVªuks ç;ksx tSls U;wfVªuks&ghu nksgjs chVk {k; (,uMhchMh) Hkh 'kkfey gksaxsA ,uMhchMh ç;ksxksa ls U;wfVªuks dh çÑfr (eStkjksuk ;k fMjSd) dk irk pysxkA bl ç;ksx dks fu;a=k.k d{k dsouZ esa LFkkfir fd;k tk,xkA

n



1- mUur eksVj b±/u rduhd lg;ksx dk;ZØe

Hkkjr varjkZ"Vªh; ÅtkZ ,tsalh (International

Energy Agency – IEA) ds varxZr mUur eksVj b±/u rduhd lg;ksx dk;ZØe (Advanced

Motor Fuels Technology Collaboration

Programme – AMF TCP) dk ,d lnL; cu x;k gSA bldk eq[; mís'; mRltZu esa deh ykuk vkSj ifjogu {ks=k esa vf/d dkjxj b±/u ds ç;ksx dks c<+kok nsuk gSA

AMF TCP D;k gS\

mUur eksVj b±/u rduhd lg;ksx dk;ZØe (AMF

TCP) varjkZ"Vªh; ÅtkZ ,tsalh ds <k¡ps ds varxZr ,d varjkZ"Vªh; eap gS ftldk mís'; vf/d LoPN vkSj vf/d ÅtkZ cpkus okys b±/uksa rFkk ifjogu rduhdksa ds ç;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fo"k; esa lnL; ns'kksa ds chp leUo; LFkkfir djuk gSA ;g dk;ZØe mUur eksVj b±/uksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh miyC/ djkrk gS vkSj muds ç;ksx dks c<+kok nsrk gSA ;g ifjogu b±/uksa ds fo"k;

esa fof/or fopkj djrk gS vkSj muds mRiknu] forj.k ,oa ç;ksx ds ckjs esa lkjs igyqvksa ij è;ku nsrk gSA mRltZu esa deh ykus ds fy, ;g fofHkUu b±/uksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrk gSA bl eap ij u, oSdfYid b±/uksa dh igpku djrs gq, muds ifjogu {ks=k esa ç;ksx dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj lEcfU/r R-D xfrfof/;ksa ds lEiknu esa lg;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr AMF TCP dk 16ok¡ lnL; gksxkA vU; lnL; ns'k gSa– la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk] phu] tkiku] dukMk] fpyh] btjkby] teZuh] vkWfLVª;k] LohMu] fiQuySaM] MsuekdZ] Lisu] dksfj;k x.kjkT;] fLoV~tjySaM vkSj FkkbZySaMA

Hkkjr dks D;k ykHk gS\

¥ Hkkjr ds AMF TCP ls tqM+us ls oSdfYid b±/uksa dh igpku vkSj ç;ksx ds blds ç;klksa dks cy feysxk vkSj bl çdkj vf/d dkjxj b±/uksa ds ifjogu {ks=k esa ç;ksx dks c<+kok feysxk ,oa lkFk gh mRltZu esa deh vk,xhA

¥ AMF TCP dh lnL;rk ds iQyLo:i lkoZnsf'kd rduhdh lalk/uksa vkSj ykxrksa dk Hkkjr dks ykHk fey ldsxkA

¥ Hkkjr Lo;a vf/d l{ke b±/uksa ij vuqlaèkku djrk vk;k gSA AMF TCP dk lnL; cu tkus ij og tku ldsxk fd bl fo"k; esa vU; ns'k D;k vuqla/ku dj jgs gSaA blls blds vius Kku esa o`f¼ gksxh gh] bldh R-D {kerk Hkh vf/d lqn`<+ gks tk;sxhA

¥ vc Hkkjr dks csgrj b±/u ds lEcU/ esa mRÑ"V çFkkvksa dh tkudkjh rks feysxh gh] lkFk gh vU; vuqla/kudrkZvksa ds vuqlaèkkuksa vkSj muds O;kogkfjd ç;ksx ds fo"k; esa lwpuk Hkh miyC/ gks ik,xhA

¥ AMF TCP dk lnL; cuus ds i'pkr~ Hkkjr mUur tSo b±/uksa vkSj vU; eksVj b±/uksa ds fo"k; esa R-D 'kq: djsxk ftlls thok'e b±/uksa ij ns'k dh fuHkZjrk esa deh ykbZ tk ldsxhA n

2- phu dk ^^opZqvy U;wt ,adj**

phu dh ljdkjh lekpkj ,tsalh f'kUgqvk us 08 uoEcj 2018 dks n'kZdksa ds lkeus ,d opZqvy U;wt ,adj (lekpkj&okpd) is'k fd;kA

f'kUgqvk us nkok fd;k gS fd lekpkj i<+us okyk ;s U;wt jhMj Bhd mlh rjg lekpkj i<+ ldrs gSa ftl çdkj ls is'ksoj U;wt jhMj •cjsa i<+rs gSaA vaxzsth cksyus okyk ;s U;wt jhMj viuh igyh fjiksVZ çLrqr djrs gq, cksyrk gS]¶ gSyks] vki ns• jgs gSa bafXy'k U;wt dk;ZØeA

lekpkj ,tsalh f'kUgqvk ds fy, bl rduhd dks fodflr djus ds fy, phuh lpZ batu lksxks us egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA

opZqvy U;wt ,adj dh fo'ks"krk,a ,oa ykHk

¥ opZqvy U;wt ,adj vius igys ohfM;ks

esa dgrk gS] ¶eSa vkidks lwpuk,a nsus ds fy, yxkrkj dke d:axk D;ksafd esjs lkeus yxkrkj VsDLV Vkbi gksrs jgsaxsA

¥ eSa vkids lkeus lwpukvksa dks ,d u, <ax ls çLrqr djus okyk vuqHko ysdj vkÅaxkA¸

¥ f'kagqvk U;wt ,tsalh dk ;g nkok gS fd ;s U;wt çstsaVj Bhd mlh rjg •cjsa i<+ ldrs gSa ftl rjg ls çksiQs'kuy U;wt jhMj •cjsa i<+rs gSaA

¥ blh dk ,d nwljk otZu Hkh gS tks phuh Hkk"kk esa gS ysfdu mls ,d nwljk 'k[l is'k djrk gSA

¥ f'kagqvk U;wt ,tsalh dk dguk gS fd blls çksMD'ku dh ykxr esa cpr dh tk ldsxkA

¥ ,tsalh dk dguk gS fd le;≤ ij

czsfdax U;wt fjiksVZ çlkfjr djus ds fy, ;s rduhd fo'ks"k :i ls mi;ksxh lkfcr gksxhA

¥ bl rduhd dks fodflr djus ds fy, vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal flLVe dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA blesa ekSfyd çstsaVj dh vkokt] fyi ewoesaV~l vkSj Hkko&Hkafxekvksa dks dkWih fd;k x;k gSA

;g fo'o esa igyh ckj fd;k x;k ç;ksx gS rFkk ijaijkxr rjhdksa ls fcydqy vyx gSA Vhoh U;wt pkSuy dh igpku yksxksa ds fnyksa esa ,adj ds ekè;e ls tqM+h gksrh gS ,sls esa f'kUgqvk ds fy, yksxksa ds chp viuh igpku cuk, j•uk ,d pkSysat gksxkA bl igys ç;kl dh ljkguk dh tkuh pkfg, rFkk blesa le; ds lkFk vU; lq/kj fd, tk ldrs gSaA n



3- i`Foh ds egklkxjksa ds ty dh mRifÙk dk jgL;

gky ds vè;;u ls irk pyk gS fd i`Foh ds egklkxjksa ds ty dh mRifÙk {kqæxzgksa ds inkFkks± ds lkFk&lkFk lw;Z ds cuus ds le; cph gqbZ xSl ls gqbZ gSA bl vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd /wedsrqvksa esa <+sj lkjh ciQZ gksrh gS ftlls gekjs egklkxjksa ls dqN ty çkIr gqvk gksxkA nwljh vksj {kqæxzgksa esa mruk ikuh ugha gksrk fiQj Hkh muesa tks dqN Hkh ty dh ek=kk gksrh gS] og gekjs egklkxjksa ds ty dk ,d lzksr vo'; gksxhA

oSKkfudksa dk dFku gS fd eaxy xzg esa 4 fefy;u o"kZ igys ,d egklkxj gqvk djrk Fkk

ftls vjsfc;k uke fn;k x;k gSA blh xzg ij fLFkr Deuteronilus egklkxj dh mRifÙk 3-6 billion o"kZ igys gqbZ FkhA ;s nksuksa egklkxj xzg ds fo'kky Tokykeq•h; {ks=k– FkkflZl (Tharsis)– esa ,d lkFk vfLrRo esa FksA ;g {ks=k eaxy ds ml Hkkx esa iM+rk gS ftls ge yksx ns• ugha ikrs gSa blfy, ogk¡ rjy ty dk vfLrRo laHko gks ldkA vc og ty lekIr gks x;k gSA laHkor% og Hkwry ds uhps te x;kA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS dqN ty vUrfj{k esa foyhu gks x;k gksA bu foyqIr leqæksa dh rygVh dks mÙkjh eSnku dgk tkrk gSA ;g vè;;u i`Foh esa fLFkr ty ds

fo"k; esa gkbMªkstu ds fo"k; esa loZekU; fl¼karksa dk •aMu djrk gS vkSj ;g lq>krk gS fd ogk¡ ty va'kr% mu /wyh ds cknyksa vkSj xSl ls mRiUu gqvk tks lw;Z ds cuus ds i'pkr~ vo'ks"k ds :i esa jg x, FksA

;g ubZ •kst mu fl¼karksa ds loZFkk vuq:i gS tks lw;Z vkSj xzgksa ds mRifÙk dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA fofnr gks fd •xksyosÙkkvksa us 38]000 ls vf/d xzgksa dh •kst dh gS tks vius&vius rkjs dh ifjØek djrs gSaA buesa ls dbZ ,sls gSa tks pêðkuksa ls cus gSa vkSj mudh cukoV gekjh i`Foh ls dksbZ vf/d vyx ugha gSA n

4- /wfy pUæekvksa ds ckjs es u;h [kkst

oSKkfud 50 o"kks± ls ;s vuqeku yxkrs jgs gSa fd nks /wfy;ksa ls Hkjs pk¡n (dust moons) i`Foh dh ifjØek djrs gSaA vc bl ckr dh iqf"V gks xbZ gS fd lpeqp nks /qfy;ksa ls Hkjs pk¡n i`Foh dh ifjØek dj jgs gSa] tks gekjh /jrh ls 9 xquk pkSM+kbZ esa iQSys gq, gSaA ;s pk¡n i`Foh ls 250]000 ehy dh nwjh ij gSaA Lej.k jgs fd pk¡n dh i`Foh ls nwjh yxHkx bruh gh gSA /wfy;ksa okys bu pk¡nksa dks lcls igys 1961 esa ikSysaM ds •xksyosÙkk Kordylewski us ns•k FkkA rc ls bu pk¡nksa dks dkMyhZysoLdh ckny (Kordylewski

clouds) Hkh dgrs gSaA

/wfy pUæekvksa ls lEcaf/r eq[; rF;

ubZ •kstksa ls irk pyrk gS fd çR;sd Kordylewski ckny 15×10 fMxzh pkSM+k gS tks 30×20 pUæ

xksyd (lunar disks) ds cjkcj gSA nksuksa /wyh pUæek vUrfj{k esa 65]000 × 45]000 ehy

ds vUrfj{kh; {ks=k esa iQSys gq, gSa tks i`Foh dh pkSM+kbZ ls yxHkx 9 xquk cM+k gSA /wfy pUæek fo'kky rks gSa ij os lw{e /wy d.kksa ds cus gq, gSaA ;s d.k eqf'dy ls 1 ekbØksehVj ds gSaA tc lwjt dk çdk'k bu /wfy d.kksa ij iM+rk gS rks ;s iQhdk&iQhdk pedrs gSa] yxHkx mlh çdkj tSls xzgksa dh d{kkvksa ds chp fc•jh gqbZ èkwfy;ksa

ls pedus okys u{k=kh; çdkl (zodiacal light)A D;ksafd /wfy ds bu cknyksa ls vR;ar gh iQhdk çdk'k fudyrk gS blfy, budks rkjksa ds çdk'k] vkdk'k dh ped] varfj{k xaxk ds çdk'k vkSj u{k=kh; çdk'k ds chp esa <w¡<uk vfr'k; dfBu gksrk gS ;|fi os i`Foh ls mruh gh nwj gSa ftruk fd paæekA

Kordylewski clouds lnSo cnyrs jgrs gSaA ;g lp gS fd os viuh d{kk esa cus jgrs gSa vkSj os ogk¡ ij djksM+ksa o"kks± ls fo|eku gSa] ijUrq bu cknyksa dk ,d ckny ls nwljs ckny esa vkuk&tkuk yxk jgrk gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ dqN /wfyd.k i`Foh vFkok paæek ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k ls f•ap dj nwj pys tkrs gSaA bu cknyksa ds dqN d.k varxzZgh; vUrfj{k rFkk mYdk o`f"V ls mRiUu gksrs gSaA n

5- varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k

Hkkjr vxys pkj o"kZ dh vof/ (2019&22) ds fy, fiQj ls varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k (International Telecommunications Union –

ITU) ifj"kn~ dk lnL; pqu fy;k x;k gSA bl ifj"kn~ ds fy, pquko la;qÙkQ vjc vehjkr ds nqcbZ esa bl o"kZ py jgs ITU Plenipotentiary

Conference esa gq, FksA bl pquko esa Hkkjr dks dqy feykdj 165 er feysA bl çdkj mldk LFkku vkWLVªsysf'k;k {ks=k ls pqus 13 ns'kksa esa rhljk

rFkk oSf'od Lrj ij pqus 48 ns'kksa esa 8ok¡ jgkA fofnr gks fd ITU esa 193 lnL; gksrs gSa tks ifj"kn~ ds lnL;ksa dk pquko djrs gSaA

ITU D;k gS\

varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k (ITU) la;qÙkQ jk"Vª dh ,tsalh gS ftldk mís'; fo'o&Hkj esa nwjlapkj ds lapkyu vkSj lsok dk rkyesy djuk gSA tc bldh LFkkiuk 1865 esa gqbZ rks bldk uke

ml le; varjkZ"Vªh; csrkj la?k (International

Telegraph Union) FkkA bl çdkj ;g fo'o dk lcls iqjkuk varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu gSA ITU dk eq[;ky; fLoV~tjySaM ds ftusok esa fLFkr gSA jsfM;ks ÚhDosalh LisDVªe dk vkn'kZ] U;k;iw.kZ ,oa rkfdZd mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djuk ,oa fo'o&Hkj esa lapkfyr nwjlapkj ds fy, ekud rS;kj djuk rFkk ns'kksa dks vkarfjd lapkj xfrfof/;ksa dks fodflr rFkk la/kfjr djus esa lg;ksx djuk gSA



ITU dh vuqla'kk,¡ ckè;dkjh ugha gksrh gSa] fdUrq

vfèkdka'k ns'k mudk vuqikyu djrs gSa D;ksafd

,slk djus ls varjkZ"Vªh; bysDVªkWfud lapkj dk

okrkoj.k çHkkodkjh cuk jgrk gSA

ITU esa la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds lHkh lnL; ns'k

(iykÅ x.kjkT; dks NksM+dj) 'kkfey gSa

rFkk lkFk gh osfVdu flVh Hkh bldk lnL;

gSA la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds lnL;ksa ds vfrfjÙkQ ITU

dh lnL;rk ftuds fy, •qyh gqbZ gS] os gSa–

ekyokgd] midj.k fuekZrk] foÙk çnkrk fudk;]

'kks/ ,oa fodkl laxBu rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; ,oa

{ks=kh; nwjlapkj ls tqM+s gq, futh laxBu ijUrq bu

lHkh futh {ks=k ds lnL;ksa dks er dk vfèkdkj

ugha gksrk gSA

ITI ds rhu ç{ks=k gSa– jsfM;ks lapkj

(Radiocommunication– ITU-R)– ITU jsfM;ks

ÚhDosalh LisDVªe ds vkn'kZ] U;k;iw.kZ ,oa rdZiw.kZ mi;ksx dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA nwjlapkj ekudhdj.k (Telecommunication Standardization– ITU-T)– fo'o&Hkj esa lapkfyr nwjlapkj ds ekudhdj.k ds fy, ITU vuqla'kk,¡ rS;kj djrk gSA nwjlapkj fodkl (Telecommunication Development –

ITU-D) – ITU fofHkUu ns'kksa dks vius vkarfjd lapkj dks fodflr ,oa la/kfjr djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA n

6- fo'o [kk| dk;ZØe

2030 rd fo'o ls Hkw• dks feVkus ds fy, fd;s tk jgs ç;klksa dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, la;qÙkQ jk"Vª fo'o •k| dk;ZØe (World Food

Programme – WFP) ,oa phu ds bZ&dkWelZ dh vxz.kh dEiuh vyhckck lewg (Alibaba Group) us ,d j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh rS;kj dh gSA bl fo"k; esa fd;s x;s le>kSrs ds vuqlkj vyhckck fo'o •k| dk;ZØe dh xfrfof/;ksa ds fMftVy :ikarj.k gsrq viuh vk/qfudre rduhd vkSj lalk/u eqgS;k djsxkA

vyhckck DykmM fo'o •k| dk;ZØe (WFP) ds lkFk dke djsxk vkSj ,d fMftVy fo'o •k| ekufp=k (World Hunger Map) dk

fuekZ.k djsxkA bl ekufp=k ls 2030 rd i`Foh ds uD'ks ls Hkw• dks feVkus ds dk;ZØeksa dh fuxjkuh esa lgk;rk feysxhA fofnr gks fd Hkw• feVkuk la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds eq[; lrr fodkl y{;ksa esa ls ,d gSA

WFP D;k gS\

la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds varxZr vkus okyk fo'o •k| dk;ZØe fo'o dk lcls cM+k ekuoh; laxBu gS ftldk dke Hkw• dk fuokj.k vkSj •k| lqj{kk dks c<+kok nsuk gSA fo'o •k| dk;ZØe Hkw• vkSj dqiks"k.k dks feVkus ds fy, çfrc¼ gSA ;g dk;ZØe la;qÙkQ jk"Vª fodkl lewg (United

Nations Development Group) vkSj mldh dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dk lnL; Hkh gSA fo'o •k| dk;ZØe 1961 esa gqvk FkkA

bldk ç'kklu ,d dk;Zdkjh cksMZ djrk gS ftlesa lnL;&ns'kksa ds çfrfuf/ gksrs gSaA fo'o •k| dk;ZØe dh xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, /ujkf'k fo'o dh ljdkjksa] fuxeksa vkSj futh nkrkvksa ls vkrh gSA

fo'o •k| dk;ZØe ds vU; vkuq"kafxd dk;Z gSa– lw{e iks"kd rÙoksa dh deh dks nwj djuk] cky e`R;q nj dks ?kVkuk] ekufld LokLF; esa lq/kj ykuk rFkk HIV vkSj AIDS lesr jksxksa ls yM+ukA n

7- pkcgkj canjxkg ij vesfjdk Hkkjr ds lkFk

vesfjdk us bZjku ds pkcgkj canjxkg esa Hkkjr }kjk fd;s tk jgs fuekZ.k dk;Z rFkk lkFk gh ml canjxkg dks viQxkfuLrku ls jsyos ekxZ ls tksM+us ds dke dks yxk;s x, vius çfrca/ksa ls NwV nsus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA bl fu.kZ; ls Li"V gksrk gS fd VªEi ç'kklu vkseku dh •kM+h esa fLFkr lkefjd egÙo dh bl cUnjxkg ds fuekZ.k esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk dks ekU;rk nsrk gSA fofnr gks fd pkcgkj ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u vkSj ogk¡ ls viQxkfuLrku rd jsy&ykbu fcNus ls vesfjdk dks ;q¼ ls vkØkar viQxkfuLrku esa jln igq¡pkus esa vklkuh gksxhA

vesfjdk us bZjku ij vc rd ds lcls dM+s çfrcU/ yxk;s gSa D;ksafd mldk ekuuk gS fd bZjku ijek.kfod çfrca/ksa dk ikyu ugha dj jgk gSA ;s çfrcU/ uoEcj 5] 2018 ls ykxw gks x, gSaA ;s dM+s çfrcU/ bZjku ds cSafdax vkSj ÅtkZ ç{ks=kksa ij Hkh ykxw gSaA vesfjdk us lHkh ns'kksa dks

;g psrkouh nh gS fd os bZjku ls rsy e¡xkuk can dj nsa vkSj ;fn os ,slk ugha djrs gSa rks muij naM yxk;s tk,¡xsA

pkcgkj canjxkg

¥ Hkkjr us gh pkcgkj canjxkg cuk;k gSA bldk mís'; gS fd pkjksa rjiQ tehu ls f?kjs viQxkfuLrku dks iQkjl dh •kM+h (Persian Gulf ) rd igq¡pus ds fy, ,d ,slk ;krk;kr xfy;kjk feys tks ikfdLrku gksdj ugha xqtjs D;ksafd ikfdLrku ls bldh vDlj Buh jgrh gSA vk'kk gS fd bl xfy;kjs ds pkyw gks tkus ls vjcksa #i;ksa dk O;kikj gks ldrk gSA bZjku dk pkcgkj canjxkg vkseku dh •kM+h ij fLFkr ml ns'k dk ,dek=k cUnjxkg gSA pkcgkj ds canjxkg ls Hkkjr dks eè; ,f'k;k esa O;kikj djus esa lqfo/k rks gksxh gh] varjkZ"Vªh;

mÙkj&nf{k.k xfy;kjs (International North-

South Transport Corridor) rd mldh igq¡p Hkh gks tk,xhA

¥ pkcgkj canjxkg pkyw gksus ds ckn Hkkjr esa ykSg v;Ld] phuh vkSj pkoy ds vk;kr esa egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼ gksxhA blds vfrfjÙkQ •fut rsy ds vk;kr dh ykxr Hkh cgqr dqN ?kV tk;sxhA KkrO; gS fd varjkZ"Vªh; mÙkj&nf{k.k xfy;kjk bZjku ls ysdj :l rd tkrk gS vkSj blesa ;g ,d Hkwfe ekxZ gS ftlesa leqæ] jsy] lM+d ;krk;kr dk lgkjk fy;k tk;sxkA fofnr gks fd phu us •kM+h rd viuh igq¡p cukus ds fy, ikfdLrku dks Xoknj uked canjxkg cukus esa enn dh gS ftlls mldk {ks=k esa ncnck gks tk,A pkcgkj canjxkg Hkkjr dks phu ds bl ncncs dk çfrdkj djus esa l{ke cuk,xkA

n



lkr czsu cwLVlZ



lkr oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj(czsu cwLVlZ ij vkèkkfjr)

1- xaxk xzke LoPNrk lEesyu

iz- xaxk xzke LoPNrk ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa&

1- uekfexaxs;kstukdsrgrvc,du;hifj;kstukyk;hx;hgSSftldkukexaxkxzkeifj;kstukj[kkx;kgSA

2- bldk;ZØedkdk;kZUo;ujk"Vªh;LoPNxaxkfe'kuvkSjjkT;ksaesafLFkrbldsled{klaxBuksatSls&jkT;dk;ZØeizca/ulewg}kjkfd;ktkrkgSA

3- xaxk xzke ifj;kstuk dks 12 Nov, 2017 dks dsUnz ljdkj usvkSipkfjd:ilsvkjaHkfd;kA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1o3 (b) dsoy3

(c) dsoy1o2 (d) buesalsdksbZugha

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k% bl ifj;kstuk dks 23 Dec 2017 dks dsUnz ljdkj usvkSipkfjd:ilsvkjaHkfd;kAblrjgdFku3xyrgSbldsvykokfn,x;slHkhdFkulghgSablfy,mÙkj(b)gksxkA n

2- vkWijs'ku xzhUl

iz- vkWijs'ku xzhUl ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa&

1- ns'kHkjesaiwjso"kZrdewY;ksaesamrkj&p<+kodsfcukVekVj]I;ktvkSjvkywdhvkiwfrZvkSjmiyC/rklqfuf'prdjusdsmís';lsljdkj}kjk500djksM+#i;sdhykxrlsvkWijs'kuxzhudh?kks"k.kkdhxbZA

2- [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx ea=kky; VekVj] I;kt vkSj vkyw dsmRiknulsysdjHkaMkj.krddsifjogurFkkbuiQlyksadsmfprHkaMkj.kdsfdjk,dsfy,50»lfClMhnsxkA

mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gS\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) 1]o2nksuksa (d) urks1ugh2

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k%gkyghesaHkkjrljdkjds[kk|izlaLdj.km|ksxea=kky;usvkWijs'kuxzhUlds fy,lapkyuj.kuhfrdkseatwjhnsnhgSAbldsvarxZrewY;dksfLFkjdjusdsfy,mik;ykxwdjusgsrqukiQsM(NAFED)dksuksMy,tsUlhcuk;kx;kgSAmi;qZDrnksuksadFkulghgSaAblfy,mÙkj(c)gksxkA n

3- vkstksu ijr

iz- fuEufyf[kr esa ls xyr dFku dk p;u djsa&

1- NASA ds,dvè;;ulsirkpykgSfdDyksjksÝyksjksdkcZudsmRltZuesadehdsdkj.kvkstksuijrdkfNnzfiQjlsHkjusyxkgSA

2- vkstksuxSliwjsi`FohdsÅij,dijresaNk;kjgrkgSvkSjUV fdj.kksadsfofdj.kdks/jkryijigq¡puslsjksdrkgSA

3- DyksjksÝyksjksdkcZu(CFC) ,dfefJrxSlgS]ftlesaDyksjhuvkSjdkcZudsrRogksrsgSaA

dwV

(a) dsoy1o3 (b) dsoy3

(c) dsoy1o2 (d) buesalsdksbZugha

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k%DywjksÝywjksdkcZu(CFC) ,d;kSfxdxSlgSftlesaDyksjhuÝyksjhuvkSjdkcZudsrRogksrsgSaAblrjgdFku3xyrgSAblfy,mÙkj(b)gksxkA n

4- nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx la?k

iznf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx la?k (SAARC) ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa&

1- lkdZdslfpoky;dhLFkkiukdkBekaMwesa17tuojh1987dksgqbZA

2- phudks2005esalkdZlaxBuesai;Zos{kddkntkZizkIrgqvkA

3- lkdZesa'kkfeyi;Zos{kdns'kksadksHkherkf/dkjizkIrgksrkgSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@ gSa\

(a) dsoy1o3 (b) dsoy1o2

(c) dsoy3 (d) 1]2o3

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k%dFku1vkSj2lghgSysfdudFku3lghughagSaApw¡fdlkdZi;Zos{kdksadkserkf/dkjizkIrughagksrkgSAblfy,mÙkj(b)gksxkA n

5- Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vf/fu;e dh èkkjk 7

iz- Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vf/fu;e dh èkkjk 7 ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&


40 uoEcj 2018 A vad3

1- RBI vfèkfu;edhèkkjk7;gizko/kudjrhgSfddsUnzljdkjle;≤ijRBI xouZjlsijke'kZdjdsHkkjrh;fjtoZcSaddksyksdfgrlslacaf/rfunsZ'knsldrhgS

2- èkkjk7ykxwgksusdhfLFkfresavkjchvkbZdklkekU;v/h{k.krFkkdkedktdklapkyulsaVªycksMZvkWiQMk;jsDVlZdkslkSaifn;ktkrkgSA

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