valentin qualitätsvergleiche in der intensivmedizin final · 2 structure presence of a consultant...

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Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin Chance für Patienten oder bürokratische Hürde? Ö STER RE ICH ISC HES ZEN TRU M FÜR D OK UMEN TA TION U ND QU ALIT ÄTS- SIC HERU NG IN DE R INTE NSIVMED IZIN ASDI Univ. Prof. Dr. A. Valentin, MBA Innere Medizin, KH Schwarzach, Salzburg [email protected]

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Page 1: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin

Chance für Patienten oder bürokratische Hürde?

ÖSTER RE ICH ISC HES ZEN TRU M FÜRD OK UMEN TA TION U ND QU ALIT ÄTS-SIC HERU NG IN DE R INTE NSIVMED IZIN

ASDI

Univ. Prof. Dr. A. Valentin, MBAInnere Medizin, KH Schwarzach, Salzburg

[email protected]

Page 2: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Qualitätsvergleich

WOZU ?

Page 3: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

What is Quality ?

“the degree to which health services increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge”

Institute of Medicine, 1990

ResultsQuality = Objectives

Quality Indicators

Page 4: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Qualitätsanspruchan das Gesundheitssystem

• Unabhängig von Zeitpunkt und Ort, sozialen Status, Geschlecht,………..

• Gewährleistung einer Behandlung– nach aktuellen Standards– zeitgerecht

Page 5: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Quality Indicator Domains

• Structurewhat you need vs what is provided

• Processwhat you should do vs. what you do

• Outcomewhat you expect vs. what you find

Page 6: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

ESICM task force on safety and quality

Domain Description Standard1 Structure ICU fulfils national requirements Yes2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist

24 h/day100%

3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%4 Process Presence of routine multidisciplinary

clinical ward rounds100%

5 Process Standardized Handover procedure for discharging patients

100%

6 Outcome Reporting and analysis of SMR Yes7 Outcome Readmission rate within 48 h of ICU

discharge4%

8 Outcome Rate of CVC related blood stream infections

4 per 1000 days CVC

9 Outcome Rate of unplanned extubations 10 per 1000 days intubation

Rhodes A, Int Care Med 2012

Page 7: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Use of Quality indicators in eight countries

Flaatten H, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012

Page 8: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Wahrnehmung des eigenen Tuns

Signalerkennung

Reflexion

Page 9: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004Bridging the gap betweenperception and reality

Page 10: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Events /100 pt days

lower95% CI

upper95% CI

All 74.5 69.5 79.4

Wrong time 33.4 30.1 36.7

Missed medication 22.4 19.7 25.1

Wrong dose 10.2 8.4 12.0

Wrong drug 5.3 4.0 6.6

Wrong route 3.2 2.2 4.2

SEE 2BMJ 2009;338:b814

Page 11: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Tidalvolume ≤ 6ml PBW in ARDS/ALI:Lungprotective Ventilation in Reality

Brunckhorst F, Crit Care Med 2008

Perceived adherence: 80%Real adherence: 3%

Page 12: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Benchmarking

Page 13: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

• Anwesenheit eines Intensivmediziners

• Frühe enterale Ernährung• Milde, Therapeutische

Hypothermie nach Reanimation• Registrierung von kritischen

Ereignissen• Verzögerte Entlassung von der

IBS• Beatmungsassoziierte

Pneumonie• Durchschnittliche Dauer der

mechanischen Beatmung• Durchschnittliche Länge des

Aufenthaltes an der IBS• Infektionsrate Zentralvenöser

Katheter• Mortalität beim schweren

Schädel Hirntrauma• Reintubationsrate• Standardisierte Mortalitätsrate• Ungeplante Wiederaufnahmen

Page 14: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Quality Indicator Domains

• Structurewhat you need vs what is provided

• Processwhat you should do vs. what you do

• Outcomewhat you expect vs. what you find

Page 15: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Apostolos Armaganidis (Greece); Antonio Artigas (Spain); Simon V. Baudouin (UK); Geoff Bellingan (UK); Willehad Boemke (Germany); Jan Braun (Germany); Edoardo Calderini (Italy); Maurizia Capuzzo (Italy); Vladimir Cerny (Czech Republik); Akos Csomos (Hungary); Maria Deja (Germany); Ruth Endacott (UK); Kurt Espersen (Denmark); Patrick Ferdinande (Belgium); Armand R.J. Girbes (Netherlands); Bertrand Guidet (France); Kevin Gunning (UK); Anne B. Guttormsen (Norway); Moshe Hersch (Israel); Ken Hillman (Australia); Gaetano Iapichino (Italy); Michael Joannidis (Austria); Max Jonas (UK); Andrew Jones (UK); Nina Maguina (Greece); Paulo Maia (Portugal); Claude Martin (France); Paolo Merlani (Switzerland); Adam Mikstacki (Poland); Rui Moreno (Portugal); Pedro Navarrete-Navarro (Spain); Georg Ntoumenopoulos (UK); Roman Parežnik (Slovenia); Michael Pinsky (USA); Alessandro Protti (Italy); Christian Putensen (Germany); Michael Quintel (Germany); Radovan Radonic (Croatia); Andrew Rhodes (UK); Hans Ulrich Rothen (Switzerland); Esko Ruokonen (Finland); Michael Sander (Germany); Claudia Spiess (Germany); Dierk Vagts (Germany); Andreas Valentin (Austria); Dominique Vandijck (Belgium); Débora Feijó Vieira (Brasil);

Page 16: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

How many physicians do you need?

y q

• Example for 6-8 bed ICU. Patients level II• 33.5 working hours per day• Physicians: 7.1 Full time equivalents

24 hours

8 hours 1.5 hours

Page 17: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Strukturkriterium:Anwesenheit Intensivmediziner

• Wo?• Für wie viele Patienten?• Welcher Schweregrad der Patienten?

• Arbeitszeit• Kontinuität• Informationsweitergabe

• ……………..

Page 18: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Allied health care personnel

Page 19: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Nächtliche ICU Entlassungen

Page 20: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Association Between Nighttime Discharge from theIntensive Care Unit and Hospital Mortality

Azevedo LCBMC Health Serv Res

2015

Page 21: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Quality Indicator Domains

• Structurewhat you need vs what is provided

• Processwhat you should do vs. what you do

• Outcomewhat you expect vs. what you find

Page 22: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Enterale ErnährungErnährungsbeginn < 48h

Page 23: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Nutrition in critically ill patients: where do we stand?Preiser JC, Minerva Anestesiol 2016

Page 24: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Quality interactions innosocomial infection

• Structure– Room design– Fixed installations– Medical equipment– Air conditioning– Staffing– Training level– Funding

• Process– Handwashing– Isolation/infection

precaution– Infection reporting– Room cleaning,

desinfection– Antibiotic use– Communication

Page 25: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Infektionsrate ZVK

Page 26: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Quality Indicator Domains

• Structurewhat you need vs what is provided

• Processwhat you should do vs. what you do

• Outcomewhat you expect vs. what you find

Page 27: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Risiko-adjustierte Mortalität

ASDI Kollektiv 2014; 33500 Patienten; 91 ICUs

Page 28: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Risiko-adjustierte MortalitätBeatmete Patienten

Page 29: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Wiederaufnahmen innerhalb 48h

Page 30: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Raw ICU readmissionrates are of little value

as an indicator ofquality of care

Raw ICU readmissionrates are of little value

as an indicator ofquality of care

• Influenced by case mix

• Discharge:premature vs too late

• No evidence how to alteradaequately

• …………

Kramer A, Crit Care Med 2013

Page 31: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Pts readmitted to the ICU have a morethan fourfold risk of dying

Risk factors for readmission

Metnitz PG, Int Care Med 2003

Last

ICU

day

Page 32: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Ana

lyse

-Ebe

nen

Page 33: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Relative Post-ICU Mortalität

ASDI Kollektiv 2014; 33500 Patienten; 91 ICUs

Page 34: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Anteil verzögerter Entlassungen

Page 35: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%
Page 36: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Das Problem ist, dass nicht alleswas zählt gezählt werden kann undnicht alles was gezählt werden kannzählt

Albert Einstein

Page 37: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Beatmungsassoziierte Pneumonie

Page 38: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

VAP as quality indicator ?

• Definition ?• Diagnosis difficult• Complex, multifactorial causality• Impact of patients characteristics (≤ 60% ?)• Partial conflicting evidence on preventive measures• Paradox: until now only weak evidence for survival

benefits through preventive measures

Page 39: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

Hürden für Qualitätsvergleiche

• Dokumentationsaufwand• Kein direktes Feedback• Bedeutung unklar• Shame and blame culture• Qualität des Vergleichs zweifelhaft• …………………….

Page 40: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Wo befindet sich die Intensivmedizin?

Eingesetzte Ressource

Nutzen

Individuum

System

Page 41: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

A. Valentin 10/2004

35% relative decrease in mortalityfor ICU admissions from 1988 to 2012

483.000 ICU admissions

Zimmermann JE, Crit Care 2013

Page 42: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Risikoadjustierte KH-Mortalität 1998-2015

Page 43: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%
Page 44: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

Post Intensive Care 

Syndrom

Page 45: Valentin Qualitätsvergleiche in der Intensivmedizin final · 2 Structure Presence of a consultant level intensivist 24 h/day 100% 3 Structure Adverse event reporting system 100%

FAZIT

• Qualitätsvergleiche sind Ausdruck eines Anspruchs der bestmöglichen Patientenbetreuung

• Detektor für Struktur‐ und Ressourcenmangel• Prozessindikatoren als Spiegel der Realität• Outcome‐Messungen bedürfen einer sorgfältigen u. detaillierten Interpretation

• Frage zum Outcome: haben wir die richtigen Ziele?• Qualitätsvergleiche sind Hilfsinstrumente aber noch nicht die Verbesserung