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9

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10

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v nmR²>`H«$_ nmR²>`dñVw VWm nmR²>` nwñVH$m| H$mo amÁ` {ejm Zr{V Ho$ AZwê$n {Ì^mfm gyÌ H$mo AnZmE§Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z (Evaluation)

{ejm-OJV² _| _yë`m§H$Z Zo Z`m-Z`m àdoe {H$`m h¡Ÿ& `h àdoe _mnZ H$s AZoH$ Jå^ra H${_`m|H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& _mnZ dmñVd _| Am`m_m| H$mo àVrH$ hr àXmZ H$aVm h¡ O~{H$ òàVrH$ EH$mH$s ê$n go N>mÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| Hw$N> ~Vbm Zht gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, {H$gr N>mÌ Zo

ŷJmob _| 45 A§H$ àmßV {H$ ò Vmo Bggo N>mÌ Ho$ ŷJmob Ho$ kmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| Hw$N> nVm Zht MbVmŸ& àmá45 A§H$ Ý ỳZV_ h¢ `m CÀMV_ h¢, {H$VZo A§H$m| _| go àmá h¢, 45 go A{YH$ {H$VZo b‹S>H$m| Zo A§ àmá{H$ ò h¢, H$jm Ho$ ŷJmob {Zîn{Îm Ho$ _mZH$ (Norms) Š`m h¢ Am{X ~mVm| H$m O~ VH$ kmZ Zht hmoVm,~mbH$ H$s ŷJmob {Zîn{Îm Ho$ gå~ÝY _| 45 A§H$ Hw$N> Zht ~Vb{V h¢Ÿ& {H$ÝVw _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V BZg^r ~mVm| na ñnï> àH$me S>mbm OmVm h¡Ÿ& _yë`m§H$Z VÏ`m| H$m Bg àH$ma go àVrH$ àXmZ H$aVm h¡ {H$CZgo VÏ` Ho$ _yë`m| H$m ^r A§H$Z hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&

11

"Evaluation is the assignment of symbols to phenomena in order to characterise the

worth or value of a phenomenon usually with reference to some social, cultural or scientific

standard.

_mnZ Ed§ _yë`m§H$Z _| Omo AÝVa h¡, Cgo ZrMo ñnï> {H$`m J`m h¡ …-

_yë`m§H$Z

1. _yë`m§H$Z H$m joÌ AË`ÝV ì`mnH$ h¡Ÿ& `hN>mÌ Ho$ gånyU© ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ gå~ÝY _| _yë`H$m A§H$Z H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

2. _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌ H$s pñW{V H$m dU©ZBg àH$ma go {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ CggoVwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z gå^d hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

3. _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE A{YH$V_ epŠV gmYZVWm YZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ&

4. _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX _yë`m|H$m {ZYm©aU {H$`m OmVm h¡ O¡go 45 A§H$àmá H$aZo dmbo N>mÌ H$s H$jm _| Š`m pñW{Vh¡Ÿ& _yë`m§H$Z ~VmVm h¡ {H$ 45 A§H$ àmáH$aZo dmbm N>mÌ H$jm _| àW_ h¡ `m {ÛVr`h¡ `m Hw$N> Am¡aŸ&

5. _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY _|ñnï> YmaUm ~Zm`r Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ N>mÌg_J« ê$n go H¡$gm h¡Ÿ&

6. _yë`m§H$Z n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌ Ho$gå~ÝY _| nyU© gmW©H$Vm Ho$ gmW ̂ {dî`dmUrH$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

7. _yë`m§H$Z _| JwUmË_H$ VWm n[a_mUmË_H$XmoZm| hr àH$ma Ho$ {ZU©̀ {H$ ò OmVo h¢Ÿ& `hg§»`mË_H$ VWm dU©ZmË_H$ XmoZm| hr àH$maH$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

_mnZ

1. _mnZ H$m joÌ gr{_V hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ ì`dhmaHo$ Hw$N>oH$ Am`m_m| H$mo hr àVrH$ àXmZ H$aVmh¡Ÿ&

2. _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam VwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z gå^dZht h¡Ÿ&

3. _mnZ Ho$ {bE A{YH$ g_` l_ Am{X H$sAmdí`H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

4. _mnZ H$m H$m ©̀ Ho$db A§H$ àXmZ H$aZm hrh¡, Bggo AmJo Hw$N> ZhtŸ& `h Ho$db BVZm~Vm òJm {H$ N>mÌ Zo ŷJmob _| 45 A‘> àmá{H$`oŸ&

5. _mnZ Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| ñnï>YmaUm H$m {Z_m©U Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

6. _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam gmW©H$ ^{dî`dmUr gå^dZht h¡Ÿ&

7. _mnZ _| Ho$db n[a_mUmË_H$ {ZU©̀ hr {H$ òOmVo h¢Ÿ& `h Ho$db g§»`mË_H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

12

_mnZ EH$ pñW{V H$m kmZ XoVm h¡ {H$ÝVw gånyU© dmVmdaU go n¥WH²$ ahVm h¡, O~{H$ _yë`m§H$ZgånyU© dmVmdaU Ho$ gÝX ©̂ _| pñW{V H$m kmZ H$amVm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ _| {df`-dñVw Ho$ EH$ hr nhby na Ü`mZ{X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&1 "~«oS>\$sëS> VWm _maS>H$' Zo _mnZ Am¡a _yë`m§H$Z _| AÝVa ~VmVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ _mnZ_| {H$gr KQ>Zm ̀ m VÏ` Ho$ {bE àVrH$ (Symbols) {ZYm©[aV {H$ ò OmVo h¢, O~{H$ _yë`m§H$Z _| KQ>Zm ̀ mVÏ` H$m _yë` kmV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&2 g§jon _| _mnZ Ûmam n[a_mUmË_H$ {ZU©̀ {bE OmVo h¢, O~{H$_yë`m§H$Z _| JwUmË_H$ {ZU©̀ {b ò OmVo h¢Ÿ&

_mÝ`VmE± (Assumptions)

g_a\$sëS> (Roy E. Summerfield) Zo _yë`m§H$Z _| {Z{hV {ZåZm§{H$V nmR> _mÝ`VmAm| H$m CëboI{H$`m h¡ …-

(i) {ejm H$m H$m ©̀ ì`{º$`m| Ho$ ì`dhma _| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z H$aZm h¡Ÿ& {ejm Ûmam N>mÌ Z ò {dMma,H$m¡eb VWm A{^é{M`m± àmá H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

(ii) dm§{N>V n[adV©Z hr e¡{jH$ CÔoí`m| H$m ê$n J«hU H$aVo h¢Ÿ& AV… dm§{N>V n[adV©Z `m e¡{jH$CÔoí`m| H$m {ZYm©aU N>mÌm| Ho$ ñVa, Amdí`H$Vm `m VËH$mbrZ g_mO H$s _m±J H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$aH$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

(iii) _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$`m Ûmam dh gr_m kmV H$s OmVr h¡ {Og VH$ e¡{jH$ CÔoí` àmá {H$ ò J ò h¢Ÿ&

(iv) _mZd ì`dhma AË`ÝV O{Q>b h¡ AV… BgH$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$gr EH$ hr VÏ`, g§»`m `m àXÎm Ûmamgå^d Vht h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ {d{^Þ Am`m_ (Dimension) H$m _mn Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

(v) ì`{º$ {Og {d{Y go AnZo {dMmam| H$mo g§J{R>V VWm nañna gå~pÝYV H$aVo h¢, Cg {d{Y H$m kmZ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

(vi) _yë`m§H$Z Ho$db H$mJO, H$b_ VWm narjU VH$ hr gr{_V Zht h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE do g^r VarHo$AnZmZo n‹S>Vo h¢ {OZgo `h nVm bJ gHo$ {H$ dm§{N>V CÔoí`m| H$s àm{á hoVw N>mÌ Š`m àJ{V H$a ahmh¡ `m H$s h¡Ÿ&

1. "Evaluation is a relatively new technical term introduced to designate a more comprehensive conceptor measurement than is applied in conventional tests and examinations.... The emphasis in measurementis upon single aspects of subject-matter achievement or specific skills and abilities but.... the emphasisin evaluation is upon broad personality changes and major objectives of an educational programme.These include attitudes, interests, ideals, ways of thinking, work-habits and personal and socialadaptability." - Wrightstone; 'Evaluations' Encyclopaedia of Educational Research, Macmillan & Co.N.Y. p.403.

2. Roy E. Summerfield : The High School Journal Vol. 48, No. 7, April 1965, pp.434-38

13

(vii) _yë`m§H$Z VWm _mnZ {d{Y N>mÌ Ho$ grIZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡Ÿ&

(viii)_yë`m§H$Z H$m Xm{`Ëd {dÚmb`-ì`{º$ VWm A{^^mdH$ XmoZm| na hr h¡Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z H$m joÌ (Scope of Evaluation)

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ joÌ go h_mam VmËn ©̀ CZ joÌm| go h¡ {OZ_| ì`dhmaJV n[adV©Z hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& XygaoeãXm| _|, {OgH$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m Om`-àíZ H$m CÎma hr _yë`m§H$Z H$m joÌ {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&_yë`m§H$Z Ûmam h_ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ {d{^Þ Am`m_m| (Dimensions) H$m nVm bJmVo h¢Ÿ& ̀ o Am`m_ ear[aH$,~m¡{ÕH$ g§doJmË_H$, gm_m{OH$ VWm Z¡{VH$ joÌm| go gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ Am`m_nañna BVZo A{YH$ gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢ {H$ CZH$m n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ _yë`m§H$Z Agå^d h¡, {H$ÝVw {\$a ^rgw{dYm hoVw CÝh| ZrMo {bIo N>… nhbwAm| Ho$ _mn go kmV H$a gH$Vo h¢ …-

1. kmZ 2. ~moY 3. à`moJ4. {díbofU 5. g§íbofU 6. _yë`m§H$Z

g§jon _| _yë`m§H$Z H$m joÌ kmZ (Knowledge), ~moY (Comprehension), à`moJ (Application),{díbofU (Analysis), g§íbofU (Synthesis) VWm _yë`m§H$Z (Evaluation) Ho$ joÌm| _| ì`mßV h¡Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z H$s à{d{Y`m± VWm CnH$aU (Techniques and Tools)

_yë`m§H$Z H$m H$m ©̀ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ AZoH$ Am`m_m| H$mo kmV H$aZm h¡Ÿ& AV… BgHo$ {bE do g^r{d{Y`m± VWm CnH$aU H$m_ _| AmVo h¢ {OZgo h_ BZ Am`m_m| H$m AÜ``Z H$a gH|$Ÿ& BZ à{d{Y`m| VWmCnH$aUm| _| {ZåZm§{H$V CëboIZr` h¢ …

1. Aà_mnrH¥$V à{d{Y`m± VWm CnH$aU (No Standardised Techniques and Tools)-

A. g§M`r AmboI nÌ

B. g_mO{_{V

C. àJ{V à{VdoXZ

D. AmH$pñ_H$ {ZarjU A{^boI (Anecdotal Record)

E. AmË_H$Wm (Autobiography)

F. {ZYm©aU _mZ (Rating Scale)

14

G. ì`{º$ AÜ``Z (Case-Study)

H. àíZmdmbr (Questionnaire)

I. gmjmËH$ma (Interview)

J. àjonU à{d{Y`m± (Projective Techniques)

2. à_mnrH¥$V à{d{Y`m± d CnH$aU (Standardised Techniques and Tools)-

A. ~w{Õ-narjmE± (Intelligence Test)

B. {Zîn{Îm narjmE± (Achievement Test)

C. A{^`mo½`Vm narjmE± (Aptitude Test)

D. é{M narjm |̀ (Interest Inventories)

E. ì`{º$Ëd narjm |̀ (Personality Test)

BZ g^r à_mnrH¥$V VWm Aà_mnrH¥$V à{d{Y`m| VWm CnH$aUm| H$m g{dñVma dU©Z AmJm_rAÜ`m`m| _| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z _| gmonmZ (Steps in Evaluation)

_yë`m§H$Z H$m ©̀ hoVw {ZåZm§{H$V gmonmZm| (Steps) H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¢ …-

(i) e¡{jH$ CÔoí`m| H$m M`ZŸ&

(ii) e¡{jH$ CÔoí`m| H$m {d{eï>rH$aU (Specification)Ÿ&

(iii) pñW{V H$m kmZ (Identification of the Situation)Ÿ&

pñW{V-kmZ go VmËn ©̀ Cg pñW{V go h¡ {Og_| N>mÌm| Ûmam {ZpíMV ì`dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a {\$aCgH$m _mn H$aZm h¡Ÿ& _yë`m§H$Z H$m ©̀ hoVw Bg àH$ma H$s pñW{V H$m {Z_m©U H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& CXmhaUmW©,`{X h_ N>mÌm| H$s n‹T>Zo H$s J{V H$m _mn H$aZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo h_| Eogr pñW{V H$m {Z_m©U H$aZm n‹S>oJm{Og_| N>mÌ n‹T>Zo H$s J{V gå~ÝYr H$m ©̀ H$a| Am¡a Cg H$m ©̀ H$m _mn hmo gHo$Ÿ&

(iv) narjU-M`Z (Selection of techniques and tools)

(v) narjU VWm àm{d{Y`m| H$m {Z_m©UŸ&

15

`h {ZpíMV hmo OmZo na AÜ`mnH$ {H$Z-{H$Z àm{d{Y`m| VWm CnH$aUm| go H$m_ boZm, CZH$m{Z_m©U H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ&

(vi) àmá àXÎmm| H$m {díbofU H$aZmŸ&

(vii) {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZm Am¡a `h XoIZm {H$ N>mÌ Zo nyd©-{ZYm©[aV CÔoí`m| H$s àm{á _| {H$g gr_m VH$àJ{V H$s h¡, AWm©V² CgHo$ ì`dhma _| {H$VZo n[adV©Z hþE h¢Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ H$m ©̀ (Functions of Evaluation)

dV©_mZ g_` _| {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ _| _mnZ AJ«m§{H$V H$m`m] VWm CÔoí`m| H$s ny{V© hoVw à`moJ{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

(1) nyZ©-H$WZ VWm ^{dî`dmUr (Prediction) - _mnZ VWm _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ \$bñdê$n {H$gr^r ~mbH$ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| ñnï> YmaUm |̀ {Z{_©V H$s Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& YmaUmAm| Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$Ho$ gå~ÝY _| ñnï> VWm gmW©H$ ê$n go nyd© H$WZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& nyd© H$WZ go h_mam VmËn ©̀dV©_mZ Ho$ AmYma na ^{dî` Ho$ {bE {ZU©̀ VWm KQ>ZmAm| H$s KmofUm H$aZo go h¡Ÿ& nyd© H$WZ Ho$Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mdr {dH$mg H$m ^r nVm bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma nahr H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ {H$gr {df`-{deof ̀ m ì`dgm` _| AmJo MbH$a {H$g àH$ma H$sCÞ{V H$aoJmŸ& {H$gr N>mÌ Zo H$jm _| B{Vhmg _| {Zîn{Îm narjm _| àW_ ñWmZ àmá {H$`m h¡ VmoH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ^{dî` _| B{Vhmg _| AÝ` ~mV| g_mZ ahZo na AÀN>r àJ{V H$aoJm{H$ÝVw `h XoIm J`m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Zo g§JrV é{M narjU _| AË`ÝV hr Iam~ A§H$ àmá {H$ ò h¡ VmoH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ^{dî` _| g§JrV _| {deof CÞ{V Zht H$a nm òJmŸ&

(2) nam_e© VWm {ZX}eZ (Guidance) -_mnZ VWm _yë`m§bZ Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌ H$mo nam_e© VWm{ZX}eZ ^r àXmZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& N>mÌ Ho$ {d{^Þ Am`m_m| H$m _mn H$aHo$ `h {ZpíMV {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H$mo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go {df`m| H$m AÜ``Z H$aZm Mm{hE, Cgo {H$g àH$ma H$mnmR²>`H«$_ boZm Mm{hEŸ& _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam Z Ho$db e¡{jH$ {ZX}eZ hr daZ² ì`mdgm{`H$ {ZX}eZ XoZoH$m ^r H$m ©̀ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& N>mÌ H$s AZoH$ àH$ma H$s é{M`m|, A{^`mo½`VmAm| VWm éPmZm|H$m AÜ``Z H$aHo$, ~mbH$ H$mo CgH$s ~w{Õ VWm emar[aH$ j_Vm Ho$ AZwHy$b ì`dgm` MwZZo H$moH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

(3) VwbZm (Comparison) - _mnZ VWm n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na Xmo `m A{YH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ _Ü`VwbZm ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& àmá n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na hr h_ ì`{º$JV {d{^ÞVmAm| H$m nVm

16

bJmVo h¢ àm`… g^r à_mnrH¥$V narjUm| Ho$ à_mn (Norm) hmoVo h¢Ÿ& N>mÌm| Ho$ àmám§H$m| H$s narjUm|Ho$ à_mnm| Ho$ AmYma na VwbZm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& à_mnm| Ho$ gÝX ©̂ go hr ~mbH$m| H$mo Am¡gV, Am¡gVgo {ZåZ VWm Am¡gV go AÀN>m Kmo{fV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& `{X {H$gr narjU H$m à_mn 90 h¡ Vmo OmoN>mÌ 90 go ZrMo A§H$ àmá H$a|Jo, Am¡gV go {ZåZ VWm 90 Ho$ A{YH$ A§H$ àmá H$aZo dmbo N>mÌAm¡gV go AÀN>o hm|JoŸ&

(4) g§emoYZ (Modification) - _mnZ Z Ho$db {H$gr N>mÌ Ho$ {d{^Þ Am`m_m| H$s dñVwpñW{V H$mhr ~moY H$amVm h¡ daZ² N>mÌ H$s H$_Omo[a`m| VWm Xw~©bVmAm| H$m kmZ ^r XoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ kmZ Ho$AmYma na AÜ`mnH$ AZoH$ g§emoYZ H$m ©̀ ^r H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& narjm-n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na hrAnZr {ejU-nÕ{V VWm nmR²>`H«$_ _| g§emoYZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AÜ`mnH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b{ejU-nÕ{V`m± AnZm gH$Vm h¡ VWm {df`-gm_J«r _| Amdí`H$ n[adV©Z H$a Cgo Cn`moJr~Zm gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g_m{OH$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$ AZwgma ^r nmR²>`H«$_ _| n[adV©Z H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ& _mnZH$m ©̀ H$mo ^r nyam H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

(5) {ZXmZ (Diagnosis) - {Og àH$ma ear[aH$ Xmofm| H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE Xmofm| H$m {ZXmZ H$aZo H$sAmdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡, R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌm| _| ̂ r ~mbH$ H$s H$_Omo[a`m|,Xw~©bVmAm| VWm g_ñ`mË_H$ Ed§ Ag_m`mo{OV ì`dhma H$m {ZamH$aU H$aZo go nyd© {ZXmZ H$aZmAË`ÝV Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ AZoH$ CnH$aUm| Ûmam {ZXmZ H$m ©̀ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {ZXmZ-narjmAm| H$s ghm`Vm go N>mÌ H$s AZoH$ àH$ma H$s H$_Omo[a`m|, H${R>ZmB`m| VWm g_ñ`mAm| H$mkmZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg kmZ Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$m| Ho$ _mZ{gH$ amoJm| H$m {ZamH$aU {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {ZXmZ narjm |̀ ~mbH$ Ho$ CnMma _| AË`ÝV ghm`H$ hmoVr h¢Ÿ&

(6) dJuH$aU (Classification) - _mnZ-n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$m {d{^Þ dJm] _| dJuH$aU{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {dÚmb` _| N>mÌm| H$m loUr-{d^mOZ H$m ©̀-_mnZ H$s ghm`Vm go hr ~‹S>m gabhmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& BVZm hr Zht _mnZ H$s ghm`Vm go hr ~mbH$m| H$m CÞ`Z (Promotion) {H$`m OmVmh¡Ÿ& H$m¡Z N>mÌ AmJo H$s H$jm _| OmZo `mo½` h¡, Am¡a H$m¡Z N>mÌ BgHo$ {bE `mo½` Zht, BgH$m kmZh_| _mnZ hr XoVm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam MwZmd H$m ©̀ ̂ r ~‹S>r gabVm VWm g\$bVm go {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡Ÿ& {d{^Þ nmR²>`H«$_m|, ì`dgm`m| VWm H$m`m] Ho$ {bE Cn ẁº$ N>mÌm| H$m MwZmd {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&goZm, Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§ñWmZm|, Zm¡H$[a`m| Am{X Ho$ {bE MwZmd (Selection) H$aVo g_` _mnZ H$sghm`Vm br OmVr h¡Ÿ&

(7) AZwgÝYmZ VWm emoY-H$m ©̀ (Research Work) - AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ emoY VWm AZwgÝYmZH$m`m] _| _mnZ-CnH$aUm| H$m ì`mnH$ ê$n go à`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ _| VWm

17

emoY AZwgÝYmZ go gå~pÝYV AZoH$ H$m ©̀ hmoVo ahVo h¢, ò H$m ©̀ {~Zm _mnZ Ho$ nyao Zht {H$ ò OmgH$Vo h¢Ÿ& BZ emoY H$m`m] Ho$ n[aUm_m| na hr {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ H$mo ì`mdhm[aH$ VWm à`moJmË_H$ê$n àXmZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ H$mo ì`mdhm[aH$ ê$nàXmZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ bm^ (Advantages of Evaluation)

{ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ _| _mnZ AË`ÝV hr Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ A^md _| ò XmoZm| {df` hrAn§Jw hmo Om |̀JoŸ& {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ XmoZm| hr gm_m{OH$ {df` h¢Ÿ& \$bV… Bg_| {gÕmÝVm| H$m~mhþë` hmoZm {ZíM` hr h¡Ÿ& _mnZ H$s g_mVm go BZ {gÕmÝVm| _| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ì`mdhm[aH$Vm nm`rOmVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ H$mo _mnZ go AJ«m§{H$V bm^ h¢ …-

(1) ~mbH$ H$mo g_PZo _| ghm`Vm - _mnZ ~mbH$m| H$mo g_PZo _| ghm`Vm XoVm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ kmZVWm à`moJ go ~mbH$ H$s AZoH$ emar[aH$ VWm _mZ{gH$ j_VmAm| VWm e{º$`m| Am¡a gr_mAm| H$mkmZ àmá {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& àË òH$ AÜ`mnH$ VWm _Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$mo `h H$m ©̀ H$aZm Amdí`H$h¡Ÿ& O~ VH$ dh ~mbH$ H$mo R>rH$ go g_PoJm Zht, dh ~mbH$ H$mo Z Vmo C{MV {ejm hr Xo gH$Vmh¡ Am¡a Z CgH$s AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m hr g_mYmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AV… nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo g_PZmn‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a {\$a CgHo$ CnamÝV CgH$s ghm`Vm H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ& Bg H$m ©̀ _| _mnZ ~‹S>r ghm`VmH$aVm h¡Ÿ& AÜ`mnH$ AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ _mnZ CnH$aUm| H$s ghm`Vm go N>mÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| A{YH$ goA{YH$ gyMZm |̀ àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

(2) {ejU-{d{Y _| gwYma - {ejH$ EH$ gmoÔoí` à{H«$`m h¡Ÿ& àË òH$ {ejU H$m Hw$N> Z Hw$N> CÔoí`Adí` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {ejU Ho$ Ûmam CÔoí`m| H$s {H$gr gr_m VH$ àm{á hþB© h¡, Bg na ^r {ejU H$sg\$bVm {Z ©̂a H$aVr h¡Ÿ& AJa Amdí`H$ VWm dm§{N>V _mÌm _| CÔoí` àmá Zht hmo nm ò h¢ Vmo{ejU {d{Y _| gwYma H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam `h kmV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H${ejU Ho$ nyd© {ZYm©[aV CÔoí`m| H$s H$hm± VH$ àm{á hþB© h¡Ÿ& CÔoí` àm{á H$s gr_m Ho$ Ûmam hr {ejU{d{Y _| gwYma H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm AZŵ d hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ A^md _| Z Vmo `hr nVm MbgH$Vm h¡ {H$ CÔoí` H$hm± VH$ àmá hþE h¢ Am¡a Z {ejU-{d{Y`m| _| hr gwYma H$s Amdí`H$VmAZŵ d hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

(3) nmR²>`H«$_ _| g§emoYZ - {Og àH$ma _mnZ-n[a_mUm| Ho$ AmYma na {ejU-{d{Y _| gwYma{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& nmR²>`H«$_ H$m ^r _w»` H$m_ {ejm Ho$ nyd© {ZYm©[aV {d{^Þ CÔoí`m| H$mo àmá H$aZmh¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam `h kmV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ nmR²>`H«$_ BZ CÔoí`m| H$mo àmá H$amZo _| H$hm± VH$

18

g\$b ahm h¡ Am¡a dV©_mZ nmR²>`H«$_ _| ì`má H${_`m| H$mo {H$g àH$ma Xya {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&_mnZ Ho$ Ûmam Z Ho$db nmR²>`-nwñVH$m| H$m hr daZ² gånyU© {dÚmb` Ho$ àemgZ H$m _yë`m§H$Z{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

(4) {dÚmb`-àemgZ _| gwYma - {dÚmb`-àemgZ H$m ^r _w»` Ü ò̀ {ejm Ho$ nyd© {ZYm©[aVCÔoí`m| H$mo àmá H$aZm h¡Ÿ& àemgZ Bg {Xem _| H$hm± VH$ g\$b hmo ahm h¡, _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam `h ^rkmV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {dÚmb` _| AZwemgZ hrZVm, {Jao hþ̀ o narjm n[aUm_, AÜ`mnH$-dJ©_| ̂ ½Zmem (Frustration), VWm ZdrZ ̀ moOZmAm| Ho$ à{V {ejH$, N>mÌ VWm A{^^mdH$-dJ© H$s{H«$`m-à{V{H«$`mAm| H$m kmZ h_ _mnZ Ho$ AZoH$ CnH$aUm| go H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a {\$a CZH$m{ZamH$aU H$aZo hoVw Amdí`H$ H$X_ CR>m gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

(5) ì`{º$JV {d{^ÞVmAm| H$m kmZ - àË òH$ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ VWm _mZ{gH$ ê$n _| EH$-Xygao gon¥WH²$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ Ho$ Ûmam ì`{º$JV n¥WH$VmAm| H$m kmZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& ì`{º$JV{d{^ÞVmAm| H$m kmZ àË òH$ AÜ`mnH$ VWm _Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ho$ {bE AË`ÝV Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Š`m|{H$ Bgr kmZ Ho$ AmYma na {d{^ÞrH¥$V VWm ì`{º$JV {ejU VWm {ZX}eZ gå^d h¡Ÿ&

(6) H$jm VWm dJ© {Z_m©U _| ghm`H$ - _mnZ n[aUm_m| Ho$ AmYma na hr `h {ZYm©aU {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z N>mÌ AmJm_r H$jm _| OmZo `mo½` h¢ VWm {H$Z-{H$Z N>mÌm| H$mo A^rdV©_mZ H$jm _| hr amoH$Zo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ& EH$ ñVa H$s njm H$mo H$^r-H$^r H$B© dJm] _| ~m±Q>ZoH$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _mnZ hr nwZ… {dÚmb` A{YH$m[a`m| H$mo Bg H$m ©̀ _| ghm`Vm XoVm h¡Ÿ&

AmYw{ZH$ _mnZ {d{Y`m| Ho$ Xmof

dV©_mZ ẁJ _| {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ H$s Omo àJ{V hþB© h¡, CgH$m EH$_mÌ lò _mnZ {d{Y`m| H$mo{X`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& _mnZ {d{Y`m| Ho$ Ûmam {ejm VWm _Zmo{dkmZ H$mo ZB© {Xem {_br h¡Ÿ& BVZm hmoVo hþE^r _mnZ {d{Y`m± nyar Vah Xmof_wº$ Zht H$hr Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& BZ_| Hw$N> A{V Jå^ra Xmof nm ò OmVo h¢Ÿ&Hw$N> Xmofm| H$m ZrMo CëboI {H$`m J`m h¡ …-

(1) _mnZ CnH$aUm| Ho$ {Z_m©U _| H$m\$s g_`, l_ VWm YZ bJVm h¡Ÿ& gmW hr gmW _mZd Ho$ g^rì`dhmam| Ho$ _mn hoVw CnH$aU ~ZmZm gå^d ̂ r Zht h¡, Bg{bE AmO ̂ r AZoH$ joÌm| _| AÝVX©e©ZO¡gr {df`JV {d{Y`m| go hr H$m_ Mbm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ&

(2) _mnZ H$s AmYw{ZH$ {d{Y`m± `mo½`Vm Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$m| H$mo loUr-~Õ H$aVr h¢Ÿ& Bggo Hw$N>~mbH$m| _| hrZVm H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZm ^r gå^d ahVm h¡Ÿ&

19

(3) _mnZ H$s AmYw{ZH$ {d{Y`m± ~‹S>r hr {d{eï> VWm O{Q>b hmoVr h¢ BZH$m haoH$ H$moB© à`moJ Zht H$agH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `hm± VH$ {H$ BZHo$ n[aUm_m| H$s {ddoMZm ^r nyU© à{e{jV ì`{º$ hr H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&AV… H$^r-H$^r AZm‹S>r `m AnyU© à{e{jV ì`{º$ Ho$ hmWm| _| nhþ±MH$a _mnZ-CnH$aU `mn[aUm_ Cn`moJr Ho$ ñWmZ na AZwn`moJr gm{~V hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {hV Ho$ ñWmZ na hm{Z nhþ±MmVo h¢Ÿ&dmo_a (Womer) Ho$ eãXm| _|, "The consumers of test scores must be thorougly conver-sant with propoer methods of test use must studiously avoid misuses, overuses and

misconceptions."

(4) g_mO n[adV©Zerb h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {ZË` AZoH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo ahVo h¢, BZ n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gmW hr _mnZCnH$aUm| _| n[adV©Z Zht {H$`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a `h XoIm J`m h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma Omo CnH$aU V¡̀ ma H$a{b`m OmVm h¡, dh ~‹S>o bå~o g_` VH$ à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a Bg à`moJ _| g_m{OH$n[adV©Zm| H$s nyar Vah AdhobZm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&

AV… `h Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ _mnZ CnH$aUm| H$mo gm_m{OH$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gmW hr gmW ~XbVo ahZmMm{hE Am¡a BZH$m à`moJ Ed§ {ddoMZ Cn ẁŠV ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ Ûmam hr H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

20

{Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z (C.C.E.)

_yë`m§H$Z Š`m h¡?-

{H$gr ^r nXmW© `m dñVw H$s Cn`moJrVm {H$VZr h¡? BgHo$ _yë` H$s naI H$mo hr _yë`m§H$Z H$hVoh¢Ÿ& Bg_| _yë`+A§H$Z- Xmo eãXm| H$m _ob hþAm h¡Ÿ& _yë` H$mo Am±H$Zm (Om±MZm) hr _yë`m§H$Z h¡Ÿ&AWm©V² {dÚmb` _| _mJ©Xe©H$ VWm {ejmWu XmoZm| Ho$ {bE BgH$m ~‹S>m _hËd h¡Ÿ& _yë`m§H$Z Ûmam_mJ©Xe©H$ AnZo H$m ©̀ H$s g\$bVm, Ag\$bVm H$m nVm bJmVm h¡Ÿ& VWm {ejmWu H$s grIZo H$sà{H«$`m Ûmam hþE n[adV©Z H$s Om±M H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

N.C.E.R.T. Zo _yë`m§H$Z H$mo ""gVV MbZo dmbr ì`dpñWV à{H«$`m'' H$hm h¡, Omo XoIVr h¡ {H$-

l {ZYm©[aV {ejm CÔí`m| H$s àm{á {H$g gr_m VH$ hmo ahr h¡Ÿ&

l H$jm _| àXÎm grIZo Ho$ AZŵ d {H$VZo à^mdr hmo aho h¢?

l {ejm{W©̀ m| _| ì`dhma n[adV©Z H$s à{H«$`m {H$VZo AÀN>o VarHo$ go nyar hmo ahr h¡Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma g§jon _| h_ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$-

1. _yë`m§H$Z H$m {ejm-CX²>Xoí`m| go Jham g§~§Y h¡Ÿ&

2. _yë`m§H$Z H$m g§~§Y {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ ì`dhma g§~§Yr n[adV©Z go h¡Ÿ&

3. `h bJmVma MbZo dmbr EH$ à{H«$`m h¡Ÿ&

C.C.E. Am¡a aMZmË_H$ {dYmZ H$m n[aM`-

v {Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ gd©Vmo_wIr {dH$mg Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b hmoJmŸ&

v {ejm{W©̀ m| _| narjm Ho$ à{V pñWV ^` H$mo Xya H$aoJmŸ&

v _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$`m {dÚmb`r` ñVa na hmoJrŸ&

v {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo A§H$m| Ho$ ñWmZ na loUr (J«oS>) {XE OmE§JoŸ&

v nmR²>` VWm nmR²> òVa {H«$`m H$bmnm| H$m ^r g_mZ ñVa na _mJ©Xe©Z {H$`m OmEJmŸ&

21

v Am§V[aH$ _yë`m§H$Z H$mo à_wIVm Xr OmEJrŸ&

v ~mh²̀ _yë`m§H$Z VWm Am§V[aH$ _yë`m§H$Z - XmoZm| H$m g_mZ _hËd hmoJmŸ&

C.C.E. Š`m h¡?

C - Continious g {Za§Va/gVV

C - Comprehensive g ì`mnH$/g_J«/{dñV¥V

E - Evaluation g _yë`m§H$Z/_mZm§H$Z

Bg àH$ma C.C.E. H$m VmËn ©̀ h¡ - {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$`m H$m {Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$ZŸ&

{Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z -

nmR²>` VWm nmR²> òVa {H«$`mH$bmnm| _| {ejmWu ñd §̀ H$mo {H$VZm A§VJ«©ñV (Involve) em{_b H$aVmh¡, {dÚmb` Ho$ dmVmdaU _| CgH$m {d{dY joÌm| _| H$m ©̀ {Zd©hU, ^mJ boZm, VWm à_{V/g\$bVm{H$g hX VH$ h¡, Cgo {d{dY VH$ZrH$s Ûmam g_J« ê$n go Xm{Ib H$aZm, {díbofU H$aZm Am¡anwZ… {ejmWu Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b à{H«$`m Ûmam {Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ&

{ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ {d{dY nhbwAm| H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& CZH$s e¡jmUrH$ j_Vm, O¡go -kmZ Ho$ A§VJ©V {d{dY _yë`m|, é{M`m|, A{^d¥pËV`m| H$s j_Vm H$m _mnZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va _yë`m§H$Z H$m AW© -

{ejmWu Ho$ {dÚmb` Ho$ dmVmdaU _| {ZX}emË_H$ ê$n go em{_b hmoZm, {d{dY {H«$`m H$bmnm|VWm AÝ` g§X^m] _| CgHo$ ghO ì`dhma H$mo {Za§Va Ü`mZ _| aIH$a ghr {Xem _| _mJ©Xe©Z H$aZm hr""{Za§Va _yë`m§H$Z'' h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A§VJ©V {ejmWu Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{^d¥{Õ H$s à{H«$`m H$m JUZm H$sOmVr h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE _mJ©Xe©H$ Amdí`H$ à{H«$`m Ûmam àmoËgmhZ X|JoŸ& `h {dÚmb`gÌ Ho$ Ama§̂ go bJmVma gÌ Ho$ A§V VH$ MbZo dmbr à{H«$`m h¡Ÿ&

ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z H$m AW© -

`h {Z{X©ï> g_`, {Z{X©ï> nmR²>`H«$_ VH$ gr{_V hmoH$a nmR²> òVa {H«$`mAm| H$mo ^r em{_b H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

22

{ejmWu Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$`m H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$gr EH$ nhby Ûmam Z H$aHo$ {dñV¥V joÌm| VWm {d{dYAm`m_m| _| {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va Am¡a ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z

{Za§Va

{dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ

ì`mnH$

nmR>g§~§Yr

ghOñdm^m{dH$ì`dhma

nR²>`oVa

i i

ii i i i

{ejmWu Ho$ ghO {dH$mg H$mo Am¡a àmoËgm{hV H$aZm hr _yë`m§H$Z h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va _yë`m§H$Z Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, gm_m{OH$ VWm AmÜ`mpË_H${dH$mg H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a àJ{V H$s {Za§VaVm _| {df`m| H$mo g_PZo _| ghm`Vm {_bVr h¡Ÿ&

Bg_| {ejmWu H$m ì`pŠVËd {H$g {Xem _| {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡ `m hmo gH$Vm h¡ Ed§ CgHo$ ì`dhmaVWm Cn ẁŠV {dH$mg H$mo g_Pm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ àH$ma-

1) aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z (Formative Assessment (F.A.))

aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z nyam gÌ MbZo dmbm _yë`m§H$Z h¡Ÿ& Am¡nMm[aH$ VWm AZm¡nMm[aH$ ê$n go ̀ h_yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h Z¡Xm{ZH$ VWm CnMmamË_H$ {ejm go g§~§{YV h¡Ÿ&

H$jm Ho$ H$m ©̀, àíZmdbr (pŠdO) J¥hH$m ©̀, àXÎm H$m ©̀, {Z`mo{OV A{^hñVm§H$Z, _m¡{IH$ Ed§{b{IV narjmE± Am{X BgHo$ A§VJ©V em{_b h¢Ÿ&

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1. _rVm - - 4 6 7 8 8 6 B+

2. g{MZ 5 5 6 8 9 8 6 6.7 A

{ejmWu H$m Zm_ Vm{bH$m Hw$bàmàm§H$

loUr

F.A. (1-7 BH$mB©)

23

BH$mB© narjm Ho$ ê$n _| _m¡{IH$, {b{IV, {H«$`mË_H$ {H$gr ^r VmarHo$ H$m à`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡Ÿ& Bg narjm/_yë`m§H$Z H$s H$moB© {ZpíMV g§»`m Zht hmoVrŸ& qH$Vw aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z EH$ (1) Ho${bE 10% H$m {ZYm©aU h¡Ÿ& Bg_| n[adV©Z ̂ r hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go 10% _mZH$a Mb| V~AH$bmoH$Z Bg àH$ma hmoJm -

_mZb| … àË òH$ BH$mB© Ho$ {bE 10 A§H$ H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& g^r BH$mB`m| Ho$ A§H$m| H$mOmo‹S> VWm CZHo$ Ûmam à{VeV {ZH$mbH$a lUr H$m {ZYm©aU {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu Ho$ kmZmË_H$ Am¡a{H«$`mË_H$ XmoZm| njm| H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ àH$ma(Summative Assessment) (S.A.)

g§H$bZmË_H$/`moJmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z

`h gÌ Ho$ àma§{^H$ go_oñQ>a SA-1 VWm gÌ Ho$ A§V _| Xygao go_oñQ>a SA-2 Ho$ ê$n _| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `h{Z{X©ï> Ad{Y _| (gÌ _| Xmo ~ma) {H$`m OmZo dmbm _yë`m§H$Z h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A§VJ©V nyao gÌ Ho$ {H«$`m H$bmnm|H$m g_J« ê$n go _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE 30% + 30% A§H$ {ZYm©[aV {H$EOm gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& BÝh| VrZ àH$mam| go {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

(i) _m¡{IH$ (ii) nwñVH$ g{hV (iii) nwñVH$ a{hV

(i) _m¡{IH$ ê$n _| H${dVm Jm`Z, CƒmaU H$s ñnï>Vm, b`, amJ, C{MV Amamoh, Adamoh, nmR> H$moghr CVma M‹T>md go n‹T>Zm, {dam_m{X {Mh²Zm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a nT>Zm, àíZmoÎma, CnmñWmZAm{X Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE 30 A§H$ _| go 05 A§H$ {ZpíMV {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

(ii) nwñVH$ g{hV _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$mo {ejmWu XoI H$a, g_PH$a AnZr gm_Ï ©̀ ÛmamàíZm| Ho$ CÎma Ty>±‹T>H$a VWm A{^ì`pŠV Ûmam {bIVo h¢Ÿ& g§{jßVrH$aU, An{R>V JÚm§e go àíZm| Ho$CÎma, ì`mH$aU A§e, M`Z Am{X Ho$ ê$n _| 05 A§H$ Ho$ {bE _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

(iii) nwñVH$ a{hV _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE 20 A§H$ {ZpíMV {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& Bg_| àíZnÌ H$m {b{IVê$n _| _yë`m§H$Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| í`m_nQ> H$m Cn`moJ, ñ_¥{V Ho$ AmYma na àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZm,{bIZm, dmŠ`m|, H${dVmAm| H$m boIZ Am{X H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

24

Hw$b {_bmH$a {Za§Va Am¡a ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z {ejmWu Ho$ gd©Vmo_wIr {dH$mg H$s {Za§Va gw{dYmàXmZ H$aZo _| ghm`H$ h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu H$s J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo {díbo{fV H$a _mJ©Xe©H$ {ejmWu H$s e¡{jH$A{^d¥{Õ H$m boIm-OmoIm A{^^mdH$ H$mo g_` na Xo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {ZåZm§{H$V VarHo$ AnZmEOm gH$Vo h¢ -

v amÁ` ñVa Ho$ nmR²>`H«$_ na AmYm[aV {dÚmb` ñVa na narjm H$m ©̀ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bggo nyd©àíZm| H$s Vm{bH$m (H$mof) ~Zm b|Ÿ&

v nR²> òVa {df`m| Ho$ _mZH$m| H$m {ZYm©aU H$a, {d{dY àH$ma H$s gm_J«r Ûmam - H$jm_mnZ, nyN>-VmN> gyMr, g§X^m©ZwHy$b ì`dhma g§~§Yr Xm{Ibm nÌ Am{X Ho$ Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma Hw$b {_bmH$a Mma aMZmË_H$ VWm Xmo g§H$bZmË_H$/`moJmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$`m H$m{Zdm©h {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& gÌ Ho$ àma§̂ go 2 aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ ~mX AY©dm{f©H$ narjm H$s Ad{Y _|g_J« ê$n go g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z-1 {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& VËníMmV² kof Xmo aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z Am¡aXygam g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z gÌm§V _| AWm©V² dm{f©H$ narjm H$mb _| {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ {bE {Za§Va Ed§ ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm -

v {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo Ho$ ñVa H$mo g_PZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v {ejmWu H$s àJ{V H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {bE `moOZm ~ZmZo VWm CgH$mo n[aîH¥$V H$aZo _| _mJ©Xe©Z H$mH$m ©̀ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

v A{^^mdH$m| H$mo {ejmWu H$s àJ{V Ho$ ~mao _| ghr g_` na ~VmZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v _mJ©Xe©H$ Zo {ejmWu H$mo {H$VZm g_Pm h¡ Cgo OmZZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v _mJ©Xe©H$ Zo {ejmWu H$mo CnbãY H$am`r J`r grIZo H$s gm_J«r, grIZo H$s {H«$`mE±, grIZo H$sAd{Y Am{X {ejmWu H$s Am ẁ (AdñWm) Ho$ AZwHy$b h¡ `m Zht - BgH$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aZo_| ghm`H$Ÿ&

{ejmWu Ho$ {bE {Za§Va Am¡a ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm -

v {ejmWu H$mo grIZo Ho$ à{V AmË_{dídmg ~‹T>mZo/OmJ¥V H$aZo VWm Ano{jV {dH$mg H$s Amoa~‹T>Zo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

25

v {ejmWu ^`_wŠV, ñdÀN>§X dmVmdaU _| H$m ©̀aV h¡, grI aho h¢, BgH$m nVm bJmZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v {ejU ì`dñWm _| bmJy C{MV {Z{V-{Z`_m| H$mo g_P H$a ̀ h nVm bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AÝ`{H$Z gw{dYmAm| Ûmam do grI gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

v {ejmWu Ho$ AZwHy$b, Ano{jV {dÚmb` H$m dmVmdaU {Z_m©U H$a gyånyU© {dÚmb` H$s A{^d¥{ÕH$m _mJ© àeñV H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

v {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo JwUmË_H$ {ejm àmá hmo ahr h¡, Bg_| A{^d¥{Õ hmo ahr h¡, Bgo Om±MZo H$m H$m ©̀g_`-g_` na {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va, ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ CX²>Xoí` -

v {ejmWu H$s CnbpãY H$m g_J« {díbofU hmo gHo$Ÿ&

v àË òH$ gm_Ï ©̀ _| {ejmWu H$s CnbpãY H$m Xm{Ibm hmo gHo$Ÿ&

v A§H$m| Ho$ ~Xbo loUr Ûmam {ejmWu H$s àJ{V H$mo àñVwV/ì`ŠV H$aZmŸ&

v grIZo Ho$ ~mao _| {ZpíMVVm Ho$ {bE g_`mZwgma, g§X^m©Zwgma Amdí`H$ OmZH$mar nmZo Ho$ {bEghm`Vm {_boŸ&

v {d{dY {b{IV narjmAm| Ho$ X~md H$mo H$_ {H$`m OmEŸ&

gdmªJrU {dH$mg

^mfmE±

_yë`, Z¡{VH$Vm

M`{ZV {df`

b{bV H$bm,g_mOmon`moJrCËnmXZ H$bm

OrdZ {ejU{dÚmb` _|{H«$`m H$bmn

g_yh _| {ejmWuH$m ì`dhma

emar[aH$ {ejmEd§ Iob

26

v {d{dY gmYZ-gm_{J«̀ m| Ûmam {b{IV, _m¡{IH$, {ZarjU, g§Xe©Z, H$jm_mnZ, gm§X{ ©̂H$ Xm{IbmBË`m{X Ûmam d¡̀ pŠVH$ Am¡a gm_y{hH$ grIZo H$s à{H«$`m Ho$ {dH$mg H$s Om±M {d{dY Am`m_m| _|H$aZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v "narjm' Zm_H$ eãX H$m ^` Xya H$aZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v g§VmofàX VWm ~mbñZohr VarHo$ AnZmH$a {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g_PZmŸ&

v ghnmR²>̀ H«$_ Ho$ joÌ-g_mOmon`moJr CËnmXZ H$bm, emar[aH$ {ejm Am{X _| {ejmWu H$s gh^m{JVmH$m Xm{IbH$a {díbo{fV H$aZo O¡go - H$moB© {MÌ ~ZmZo _| é{M aIVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© boIZ H$bm _|,H$moB© Iob _| Am{X _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v {ejmWu Ho$ {d{dY joÌm| _| {dH$mg VWm A{^d¥{Õ g§~§Yr g_J« d¡̀ pŠVH$ Xm{Ibo aIZo _|,àmo\$mBb (nmpíd©H$) ~ZmZo ghm`H$Ÿ&

v {ejmWu H$s CnpñW{V, d¡̀ pŠVH$ ewÕVm/ñdÀN>Vm, H«$_~ÕVm, {Oå_oXmar, àOmgËVmË_H$ ̂ md,n`m©daU H$s ajm Ho$ à{V OmJéH$Vm, H$V©ì`nam`UVm, ñd{Z §̀ÌU, gh`moJ, gh^mJrVm Am{X_yë`m§H$Z n[a{Y Ho$ A§VJ©V OmZZo _| ghm`H$

v {ejmWu H$s àJ{V Ho$ ~mao _| A{^^mdH$ VWm g_wXm` Ho$ bmoJm| _| AmË_{dídmg OJmZo Ho$ ~mao _|OmZZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$`m Ûmam YZmË_H$ n[aUm_ àmá hmo VWm {dH$mg H$s {Xem _| nyaH$ à^md S>mbo,OmZZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

v {ejmWu H$mo ñd_yë`m§H$Z H$s g_W©Vm àXmZ H$aZo _| ghm`H$Ÿ&

{Za§Va _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ VËd …

_yë`m§H$Z hoVw nmR²>`, ghnmR²>` VWm {ejmWu Ho$ ghO ì`dhma H$m Ü`mZ _| aIZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&BgHo$ gmW hr AdbmoH$Z, ì`pŠV d¥ËVm§V H$m Xm{Ibm, g§̀ moOH$ Vm{bH$m, ñVa _mnZ H$m Z_yZm,g§Xe©Z, àíZmdbr, `moOZm H$m ©̀, A{^hñVm§H$Z, g§X^m©ZwHy$b Xm{Ibm Am{X H$s gyMr go _yë`m§H$Z{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

{H$gr ̂ r {ejmWu H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$gr EH$ {d{Y ̀ m VH$ZrH$ Ho$ Cn`moJ go Zht {H$`m Om gH$VmŸ&{ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV A§em| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIZm Amdí`H$ h¡-

27

v gmoIZo Ho$ joÌ H$m ñdê$n - {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo, Am¡a AZŵ d Ho$ joÌ {^Þ-{^Þ hmoVo h¡, O¡go^mfm, d¡H$pënH$ {df`, Iob, ñdmñÏ` {d{dY joÌm| _| CZH$s AbJ-AbJ é{M`m± hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

v grIZo H$s {d{Y - {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo H$m AZŵ d d CgHo$ dmVmdaU, nm[adm[aH$ n¥ð> ŷ{_ Ho$AZwê$n VoO `m Yr_r J{V _| AmJo ~‹T> gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

v grIZo Ho$ CÔoí` - àË òH$ joÌ Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔoí` AbJ-AbJ hmoH$a grIZo H$s à{H«$`m Am¡agmYZm H$mo ñdê$n XoVo h¡Ÿ&

v {ejmWu H$s n¥ð> ŷ{_ - àË òH$ {ejmWu AbJ-AbJ n[adoe, n[adma, joÌ go {dÚmb` _|AmVm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a dhm± Ho$ dmVmdaU _| g`m`moOZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

v {dÚmb` H$m n[adoe - àË òH$ {dÚmb` Am¡a H$jm H$m n[adoe, {ejmWu H$mo àmá ^mdZmË_H$Adga, A{^àm` Am{X Ho$ AmYma na {ejmWu H$s àJ{V Ed§ {dH$mg H$s {Xem _| ghm`H$ _mZoOmVo h¢Ÿ&

{Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z Am¡a N.C.F. - 2005

1. {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo H$s JwUmË_H$Vm VWm {dñV¥V joÌ _| {H$gr ̂ r àH$ma H$s àJ{V H$mo gy{MV H$aZodmbm nÌ hmoŸ& Bg_| {ejmWu H$s CnbpãY, gh^m{JVm (A§VJ«©ñVVm) Am{X {d{dY Am`m_m| H$m{díbofU hmoŸ&

2. {ejmWu H$m Ü`mZ O~ VH$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$s Amoa AmH${f©V aho V~ VH$ kmZdY©Z H$m H$m ©̀ hmoŸ&O~aXñVr nmR> {gImZo H$s à{H«$`m g_` H$mo ì`W© H$aZm hmoJmŸ&

3. grIZo Ho$ n[aUm_ Ho$ A{V[aŠV {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ AZŵ dm| H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m OmEŸ& d¡̀ pŠVH$ `mgm_y{hH$ Aä`mgm| Ûmam CZHo$ à`mgm| H$mo n[aUm_H$mar ~ZmZo H$m Adga CÝh| àXmZ H$a|Ÿ& O¡go -H$jm _| í`m_nQ> H$m ©̀, gm_y{hH$ nXÎm H$m ©̀, _m¡{IH$ CÎma Am{XŸ&

4. kmZ AmYm[aV {df`m| _| {ejmWu Zo Š`m grIm h¡? VWm Bggo CZH$s g_ñ`m H$m g_mYmZ à_wI{H$g àH$ma hmo gH$Vm h¡? grIo JE kmZ H$m ì`mdhm[aH$ Cn`moJ H¡$go hmoŸ& Am{X H$m _mnZ hrà_wI CÔoí` hmoŸ&

5. gh nmR²>`H«$_ _| {ejmWu Š`m grIVo h¢? Bggo àmá bm^ Š`m h¡? Cgo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a _mJ©Xe©H${ejmWu H$s gh^m{JVm, é{M, ñVa, H$m ©̀grIZo Ho$ à{V lÕm, {d{dY gm_Ï`m] Am¡a H$m¡ebm| H$m_yë`m§H$Z hoVw à`moJ H$a|Ÿ&

28

{Za§Va VWm ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z Am¡a R.T.E. 2009 -

A. {ejmWu H$s grIZo H$s à{H«$`m H$jm ̀ m {dÚmb`r n[adoe _| Ho$db ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa VWm {df` kmZVH$ hr gr{_VZ ahoŸ& CgHo$ g_J« {dH$mg O¡go - Mm[a{ÌH$, d¡̀ pŠVH$, gm_y{hH$, gm_m{OH$Am{X H$mo Adga àXmZ {H$`m OmEŸ& BgHo$ {bE RTE 2009 _| Cpëb{IV A§e Bg àH$ma h¢ -

v g§{dYmZ _| n{dÌ ñWmZ àmá Z¡{VH$ _yë` O¡go - gË`-Aqhgm, gh`moJ, ào_, em§{V Am{XH$mo grIZo H$m Adga {X`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ&

v {ejmWu H$mo gdmª_rO {dH$mg H$m nyam Adga àmá hmoŸ&

v {ejmWu _| {Z{hV kmZ, gm_Ï ©̀ Ed§ à{V^m Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ nmofU H$mo àmoËgmhZ X|Ÿ&

v emar[aH$ Ed§ _mZ{gH$ gm_Ï`m] Ho$ {dH$mg H$m nyam Adga àXmZ H$a|Ÿ&

v ~mb ñZohr VWm ~mb Ho$pÝÐV dmVmdaU _| {H«$`mH$bmn, Iob, AÝdofU, ZdrZ à{d{Y Ûmam{ejmWu H$mo grIZo H$m CÝ_wŠV dmVmdaU Am¡a Adga àXmZ H$a|Ÿ&

v {ejmWu H$mo ^`, MmoQ> VWm {PPH$ Am{X H$mo Xya H$a _wŠV Ed§ ñdÀN>ÝX ê$n go AnZoA{^àm` ì`ŠV H$aZo H$m Adga X|Ÿ&

{dÚmbr` ñVa na _yë`m§H$Z H$s {d{dY à{d{Y`m±

_yë`m§H$Z Ed§ AdbmoH$Z Ho$ g_` _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo `h Ü`mZ _| aIZm Mm{hE {H$ -

- H$ënZmË_H$ Xm{Ibm Z H$a|Ÿ&

- {ZU©̀ EH$X_ go Z b|Ÿ&

- H$^r-H$^r àíZmdbr go A{YH$ gyMZmE± àmá hmo OmE± Vmo CgH$s ^r JUZm H$a|Ÿ&

- {^Þ n[apñW{V, n[adoe, {H«$`mH$bmn, ñVa VWm Am ẁ Ho$ AZwê$n AdbmoH$Z VWm _yë`m§H$ZH$a|Ÿ&

29

aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ VarHo$ -

1) {ejm{W©̀ m| Ûmam ñd-_yë`m§H$Z

2) {ejH$ Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z

3) ghnm{R>`m| Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z

4) gh{ejH$m| Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z

Bg àH$ma _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ g_` Ü`mZ aI| {H$ {ejmWu Ho$ {H$g gm_Ï ©̀, H$m¡eb H$m _yë`m§H$Z {H$`mOm ahm h¡Ÿ& CgH$m ñnï> CëboI hmo VWm CgHo$ AmYma na _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE {OZ A§e Vm{bH$mAm| H$mCn`moJ H$ao Cgo ñnï> ê$n go Xm{Ib H$a|Ÿ&

O¡go - _m¡{IH$ CÎma, {b{IV CÎma, í`m_nQ> boIZ, {d{dY {H«$`mH$bmn, gm_y{hH$ {H«$`mE±,Am§JrH$ ^mfm, CƒmaU-ñnï>Vm, AmË_{dídmg go gh^mJrVm Am{XŸ& {ejmWu Ho$ {H$gr ^r H$m¡ebH$m AHo$bo `m Xmo A§emo, VrZ A§emo `m Mmam| H$m EH$ gmW ^r _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z (F.A.)

1 2 3 4 FA1 loUr

1. a{d 8 6 7 8 29/40 7.2 A

2. a_oe 6 27 6.7 B+

Hw$b A§H$ - loUr

29/40 x 10 = 7.2

FA1 OyZ 1 go àmaå^ OwbmB© _| g_má

FA2 OwbmB© A§V `m AJñV 1 go àmaå^ {gV§~a _| g_má

{gV§~a - AŠVy~a _| SA1 (g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z)

FA3 Zd§a - {Xg§~a

FA4 OZdar - \$adar

FA2 - _mM©

30

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ àH$ma

1. ghnm{R>`m| Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z

_yë`m§H$Z H$Vm© - bú_ràË òH$ (10 A§H$)

1. amoOm P P P P - - P - 50

2. ê$nm P - P P P - - - 40

3. am_ - P P - P P - - 40

4. aKw - P P P - - - - 30

5. ajm P P P - - - - - 30

6. _ZmoO P P P P P P P - 70

7. aå`m P P - P P P P - 60

H«$_g§.

{e… Ho$Zm_

1 (10)_m¡{IH$A§e

2 (10){b{IVA§e

í`m_nQ>H$m ©̀3

{d{dY{H«$`m-H$bmn

4

gm_y{hH${H«$`m-H$bmn

5

{dÚmb`_|

g§^{dV6

7 8 Hw$b(80)

31

2. ñd-_yë`m§H$Z

{ejmWu H$m Zm_ … g_arZ narjU gyMr

1. _¢Zo nmR> g_PmŸ& - - - - P -

2. nmR> Ho$ _w»` A§e OmZoŸ& - - - - P -

3. nmR> Ho$ é{MH$a A§e MwZ gH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ& - - - - - P

4. {H«$`m eãXm| H$m M`Z H$a gH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ& - - - - - P

5. àíZm| Ho$ CÎma _m¡{IH$ ê$n go Xo - - - - - PgH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ&

6. àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IV ê$n _| Xo - - - - - PgH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ&

7. Eogr EH$ KQ>Zm gwZm gH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ& - - - - P -

8. _wPo H$hmZr {bIZm ng§X h¡Ÿ& - - - - P -

9. _¢ Bg nmR> H$s VwbZm AÝ` ^mfm - - - P - -Ho$ nmR> go H$a gH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ&

10. _¢ AÝ` ^mfm go qhXr _| gmam§e - - P - - -{bI gH$Vr hÿ±Ÿ&

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ A§e Zht WmoS>m~hþV

hm± ñnï>ê$n go

nyU©V… ~hþVAÀN>rVah

Hw$b(A§eV…/nyU©V…)

32

3. {ejH$ Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z -

H$jm - 9

BH$mB© - 2

nmR> - Jwbm~qgh _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ A§e

{ejm{W©`m| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (10)Ho$ Zm_ Hw$b

1. aOm P - P P - P - P P - 6

2. VoOpñdZr P P P P P P P P P P 10

3. amKw - P P - P P P P - 6

4. {damQ> P P - P P P - - P P 7

5. H$_b P P - P - P P P P P 8

6. IoVm - P P P - - P P P - 6

7. g_Q>rZ P P - P P - P P P P 8

8. ajm P P P - P P - P P P 8

9. gwZrb P P - P - P P - P P 7

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ A§e -

1. H${dVm Jm`Z (6)

2. nmR> H$m C{MV Amamoh Adarh go nR>Z (7)

3. Am§{JH$ à{V{H«$`m (8)

4. boIZ-àíZ CÎma (9)

5. CƒmaU ñnï>Vm (10)

33

4. gh {ejH$m| Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z -

gË`mnZ Vm{bH$m (gyMr)

^mfm - g_yh MMm© hm± Zm

1. g_yh _| ZoV¥Ëd H$m¡eb H$m àXe©Z {H$`m J`m? - P

2. g_yh _| Xr JB© ŷ{_H$m H$m ghr {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡? P -

3. {ejmWu H$mo {df` H$m kmZ Wm? P -

4. CgH$m {df` àñVwVrH$aU ghr h¡? - P

5. AnZo ghnm{R>`m| H$s BÁOV H$aVm h¡? P -

6. g§dhZ H$m¡eb R>rH$ h¡? - P

7. Amg-nmg Ho$ _mhm¡b Ho$ à{V g§doXZerbVm h¡? P -

8. ^mfU Ho$ g_` Am§{JH$ {H$`m, ^md, ^mfm R>rH$ Wr? - P

9. g_`mZwgma Amdí`H$ A§em| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aVm h¡? P -

10. AÝ` {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo dmX-{ddmX H$m H$m\$s Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡? P -

11. ------------------------------

12. ------------------------------

13. ------------------------------

àXÎm H$m ©̀ - Om±M Vm{bH$m

1. {Z`mo{OV H$m ©̀ Ho$ ~mao _| kmZ h¡? - hm±/Zht

2. {ejmWu {df` g§~§Yr _w»` A§em| H$m g§J«h H$a MwH$m h¡? - hm±/Zht

3. {Z`mo{OV H$m ©̀ {ejmWu Ho$ g¥OZmË_H$ gm_Ï ©̀ H$moà{Vq~{~V H$aVm h¡? - hm±/Zht

4. ------------------------------

5. ------------------------------

6. ------------------------------

34

_yë`m§H$Z hoVw M`{ZV H$m¡eb

"gwZZm'

A§H$ 0 - 1 - 2 - 3

{ejmWu (0) Zht gwZVo h¢ (1) gwZVo h¢ (2) Ü`mZnyd©H$ gwZVo h¢ (3) à{V{H«$`m

ajm P - - -

g§Oy - P - -

^r_m - - P P

nyOm - - P P

A§H$m| Ho$ AZwê$n loUr {ZYm©aU

9 - 10 (90-100) = A+

8 - 9 (80-90) = A

7 - 7.9 (70-80) = B+

6 - 6.9 (60-70) = B

5 - 5.9 (50-60) = C+

4 - 4.9 (40-50) = C

3.5 - 3.9 (35-39) = D

20 - 34 = E CnMmamË_H$ _mJ©Xe©Z10 - 19 = F Ho$ {bE A{Zdm ©̀ ê$n0 - 9 = G go M`Z hm|JoŸ&

g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ ñdê$n VWm à{VeV (`moJmË_H$) H$m àmê$n

1. _m¡{IH$ - 05 A§H$ % = ì`dpñWV Am`moOZ hmo, Vm{H©$H$ qMVZ,A{^ì`pŠV, _yë`mYm[aV àíZ hmoŸ&

2. nwñVH$ g{hV - 05 A§H$ % = J«hU, A{^ì`{º$, àe§g, g§jon, gmam§eVWm _yë` hmoŸ&

}

35

3. nwaÎmH$ a{hV - 20 A§H$ % = kmV-àíZmoÎma Am{XŸ&

Hw$b - 30%

_m¡{IH$ g àe§gm - H${dVm, bKwàíZ Am{XŸ&nwñVH$ g{hV g A{^ì`pŠV ñVa - {Z~§YmË_H$Ÿ&nwñVH$ a{hV g kmZ, ~moY, ì`mH$aU Am{XŸ&

_yë`m§H$Z gyMr

Mmho {OVZr ^r gyMr ~ZmE±, dh _mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ {bE hmo, `m ñd-_yë`m§H$Z ({ejmWu) Ho$ {bE `mgh_mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ {bE, `m ghnm{R>`m| Ho$ {bE, CgH$s EH$ Vm{bH$m AnZr {ejmWu gyMr Ho$ nyd©bJmE±Ÿ& Cg na g§»`m I, 1, 2, i, ii, A, B, Am{X nhMmZ Ho$ {bE bJmE±Ÿ& A§Xa {ejmWu H$s AZwH«$_{UH$m_| g§»`mZwgma _yë`m§H$Z H$a|Ÿ&

O¡go - {ejH$ Ûmam _yë`m§H$Z gyMr-

I. A{^ì`pŠV Am¡a A{^é{M H$m _yë`m§H$Z -

A - {ejmWu H${dVm H$m gñda dmMZ H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

B - H${dVm _| {Z{hV _yë`, _w»` A§e MwZ gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

C - ~VmE JE A§em| H$mo Xmoham gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

D - H${dVm Ho$ _yë`m| H$mo AÝ` H${dVm go VwbZm H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

E - ^mdmW© J«hU H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

36

A B C D E Hw$b

{ejmWu -1 P P P P P 5

{ejmWu -2 - P - P - 2

{ejmWu -3 P P - P - 3

{ejmWu -4 - P P - - 2

{ejmWu -5 - P - P - 2

{ejmWu -6 - P P - - 2

{ejmWu -7 - - P P P 3

{dÚmb`m| _| {ejm{W©̀ m| H$s àJ{V Om±MZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> _w»` {H«$`mH$bmnm| H$m Am`moOZ H$aZm hmoJmŸ&

I. nyao g_yh Ho$ {bE, d¡̀ pŠVH$ ê$n goŸ&

II. CŠV boIZ (AmboIZ)&

III. Ü`mZ XoZm - ñdÀN>Vm, ì`dhma Hw$ebVm, ^mfm à`moJ, gh`moJ Am{XŸ&

IV. ~mVMrV - H$hmZr n‹T>Zm - H$hmZr H$hZm, H${dVm JmZm, H${dVm gwZmZm, H${dVm {bIZm Am{XŸ&

V. Am±H$S>m| H$s Om±MŸ&

VI. {H$gr H$m ©̀ H$m g§MmbZ, ì`dñWm, nmbZ, AZwemgZ Am{XŸ&

{df` {ejH$ H$s d¡̀ pŠVH$ Om±M Vm{bH$m H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {Og_| {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ _yë`m§H$ZHo$ gË`mnZ H$s Om±M XO© H$s OmEJr VWm gÌm§V _| A§H$ AWdm loUr Vm{bH$m Ho$ {Z_m©U _| ghm`H$hmoJrŸ&

37

nmR²>` {df`m| H$m _yë`m§H$Z

1) {Z{X©ï> joÌ - g^r {df`m|, ^mfmAm| Ho$ {bE&

2) {d{Y`m± - _m¡{IH$ narjm, {b{IV narjm, Z¡Xm{ZH$ narjm, n[a`moOZm H$m ©̀, àm`mo{JH$ narjm,AdbmoH$Z nÕ{V, S>m`ar {Zd©hUŸ&

3) ghm`H$ gmYZ - _m¡{IH$ àíZ, Aä`mg àíZ, Aä`mg H$m ©̀-H$bmn, àíZ-nÌ, `moOZmH$m ©̀, AdbmoH$Z gyMrŸ&

4) Ad{Y - àË òH$, _m{gH$ Ad{Y, BH$mB©dma, bKw narjm, go_oñQ>a/AY© dm{f©H$ narjm, dm{f©H$narjmŸ&

5) anQ> ([anmoQ>©) - àË`j, namoj ê$n go AdbmoH$Z H$aHo$ loUr àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

(i) àË`j - AÜ`mnH$ Am¡a {ejmWu H$mo kmV h¡ {H$ narjm br OmEJrŸ&

(ii) namoj - Ho$db AÜ`mnH$ H$mo kmV h¡ {H$ {ejmWu narjm _| (Om±M H$m ©̀ Ho$ A§VJ©V) h¡Ÿ&

38

g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z hoVw àíZ-nÌ H$m àmê$n

g§H$bZmË_H$/`moJmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z gÌ _| Xmo ~ma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE 30 + 30 A§H${ZYm©[aV h¢, {Og_| _m¡{IH$ VWm {b{IV Ho$ {bE H«$_e… 10 VWm 20 A§H$m| H$m {d^mOZ {H$`m J`mh¡Ÿ& nmR²>`nwñVH$ H$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a {ejmWu Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$`m H$m g_J« _yë`m§H$Z BgHo$ A§VJ©V{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Bg _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$`m H$m A§H$ {d^mOZ Bg àH$ma {H$`m Om ahm h¡ -

àW_ gÌ (OyZ - {gV§~a)

g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z - 1 A§H$ à{VeV

n‹T>Zm 20

{bIZm 20 20%

ì`mH$aU 20

gm{hË` 20

aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z 20%

Hw$b 40%

g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z - 2 A§H$ à{VeV

n‹T>Zm 20

{bIZm 20 40%

ì`mH$aU 20

gm{hË` 20

aMZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z 20%

Hw$b 60%

{ÛVr` gÌ (AŠVy~a - _mM©)

39

AÀN>o àíZnÌ H$s {deofVmE±

1) {dídgZr`Vm - àË òH$ {ejmWu H$m _mnZ EH$ O¡gm hmoJmŸ& n[aUm_ pñWa ahoŸ& VmËn ©̀ `h h¡{H$ narjm {dídgZr` V~ hmoJr O~ narjH$m| H$mo ~XbZo na ̂ r n[aUm_ Z ~Xb|Ÿ& {ejm{W©̀ m| H$sCÎma nwpñVH$mAm| H$s H$B© ~ma Om±M hmoZo na ^r àmám§H$m| _| H$moB© A§Va Zht AmEJmŸ&

2) d¡YVm - {ejmWu Ho$ {Og nj H$s Om±M H$aZm MmhVo hm|, Cgr H$s Om±M Ho$ AZwHy$b hr àe nÌhmoŸ& AWm©V² narjm H$m CX²>Xoí` {ZpíMV hmoŸ& CXm… {ejmWu Ho$ ^mfm-kmZ-_mnZ Ho$ {bE ^mfmg§~§Yr àíZ hm| VWm ^mfm g§~§Yr Om±M H$s OmEŸ& {df` H$s Am§V[aH$ (O¡go gm_mÝ` kmZ Am{XH$s) Om±M `hm± Z hmoŸ&

3) dñVw{Zð>Vm - àíZ H$m CÎma {ZpíMV hmoŸ& VWm EH$ CÎma hr hmoŸ& narjH$ ~XbZo na ^r A§H$Z_| A§Va Z AmEŸ& d¡̀ pŠVH$ ng§X `m Zmng§X H$mo ñWmZ Z X|Ÿ& nyU©V… {Zînj àíZm| H$m M`Z H$a|Ÿ&

4) ì`mnH$Vm - grIZo go g§~§{YV A{YH$ go A{YH$ A§em| H$m g_mdoe àíZ nÌ _| hm|Ÿ& g^r àíZnmR²>`H«$_ g§~§Yr hm|Ÿ&

5) {d ôXrH$aU - ì`pŠVJV ôXm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a Om±M H$m ©̀ H$a|Ÿ& g^r àH$ma Ho$ {ejm{W©̀ m|H$s Am ẁ, _mZ{gH$ ñVa Am{X H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a àíZ {H$E OmE±Ÿ& _§X J{V go grIZo dmbo{ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo ^r AZwHy$bVm hmoŸ&

eãX ^ÊS>ma _| d¥{Õ gå~ÝYr _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE _m¡{IH$ Ed§ {b{IV XmoZm| ê$nm| H$m à`moJ {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {Og_| {MÌ, MmQ>©, Q>on[aH$mS>©a Ûmam gwZr hþB© Üd{Z`m| H$m nwZ©CƒmaU, CÝh| nhMmZZmAm¡a {bIZm Am{X H$m à`moJ H$a|JoŸ&

n‹T>Zo Ho$ H$m¡eb H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE í`m_nQ> na {bIo, gŵ m{fV, \$bH$, gyMZmnQ>Am{X H$m à`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡, {Og_| C{MV Amamoh Adamoh, ñnï> CƒmaU Am{X H$mo Ü`mZ_| aI|Ÿ&

{bIZo Ho$ H$m¡eb Ho$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE gwÝXa-gwS>m¡b, ñnï>, ghr boIZ, nmR> H$mo g_PH$aCgHo$ erf©H$, gmam§e gm§{jßVrH$aU boIZ H$m à`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE 15 A§H${ZYm©[aV H$a|Ÿ&

40

gwZZo Ho$ H$m¡eb Ho$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bE _m¡{IH$ A§em| H$mo aIm OmEJmŸ& Q>on[aH$mS>©a, ao{S>`mo H$mogwZZo _| EH$mJ«Vm, H${dVm gwZZm BZHo$ gmW gmW ~mobZo Ho$ H$m¡eb H$m ^r _yë`m§H$Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ&BgHo$ {bE 15 A§H$ {bE Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

ì`mH$aU VWm ^mfm à`moJ Ho$ {bE ^r 15 A§H$ {ZYm©[aV {H$ |̀ Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

eãX H$mof VWm ghm`H$ J«§W Ho$ à`moJ Ho$ {bE 10 A§H$ {ZYm©[aV H$a|Ÿ&

CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Zm¡dt H$jm H$s nmR²>` nwñVH$ Ho$ AmYma na g§H$bZmË_H$/`moJmË_H$ _yë`m§H$ZHo$ {bE 80 A§H$m| H$m EH$ àíZ nÌ {X`m Om ahm h¡

41

g§H$bZmË_H$ _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ {bEàíZ nÌ H$m EH$ Z_yZm

g_` … 2.30 K§Q>o Hw$b A§H$ - 80

^mJ - A - n‹T>Zm (20 A§H$)

1) àñVwV nX²>`m§e H$mo n‹T>H$a {XE JE àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE …- 5 A§H$

{OgH$s aO _| bmoQ>-bmoQ> H$a ~‹S>o hþE h¢,KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b gaH$ gaH$ H$a I‹S>o hþE h¢Ÿ&na_h§g g_ ~më`H$mb _| g~ gwI nmE,{OgHo$ H$maU Yyb ^ao hrao H$hbmEŸ&h_ Iobo-Hy$Xo hf©- ẁV {OgH$s ß`mar JmoX _|Ÿ&

nmbZ nmofU Am¡a OÝ_ H$m H$maU Vy hr,djñWb na h_| H$a ahr YmaU Vy hrŸ&A «̂§H$e àmgmX Am¡a do _hb h_mao,~Zo hþE h¢ Ahmo ! VwPr go, VwP na gmaoŸ&ho _mV¥̂ y{_! O~ h_ H$^r eaU Z Voar nmE§Jo,~g g^r àb` Ho$ noQ> _| g^r brZ hmo, OmE§JoŸ&&

Bg YaVr na {_Q²>Q>r _| (a) ___________________________ H$a _mZd ~S>m hþAm h¡Ÿ& dh(b) _______________________ Ho$ ~b Mb Mb H$a I‹S>m hþAm h¡, VWm na_h§g O¡go gwI(c) _______________ _| àmá {H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bg ̂ y{_ Ho$ H$maU hr Yyb ̂ ao (d) _______________H$hbmEŸ& Eogr (e) _______________ H$mo XoI H$a _Z àgÞ Š`m| Z hmo? Vy hr _mZd Ho$ OÝ_Am¡a (f) _______________ H$m H$maU ahr h¡Ÿ& Vy h_| AnZo (g) _______________ na YmaUH$a ahr h¡Ÿ&

Bg YaVr na hr ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ^dZm| Am¡a (h) _______________ H$m {Z_m©U hþAm h¡Ÿ& O~ h_|YaVr H$s (i) _______________ Zht {_boJr Vmo g~ (j) _______________ _| {dbrZ hmoOmE§JoŸ&

42

2) àñVwV JX²>`m§e H$mo n‹T>H$a àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE … 5 A§H$

J`m h‹S>~S>mH$a ^rVa go {ZH$bm Am¡a ~¡bm| H$mo nH$S>Zo MbmŸ& do XmoZm| ^mJoŸ& J`m Zo nrN>m{H$`mŸ& Am¡a ^r VoO hþEŸ& J`m Zo emoa _Mm`mŸ& {\$a Jm±d Ho$ Hw$N> AmX{_`m| H$mo ^r gmW boZo Ho${bE bm¡Q>mŸ& XmoZm| {_Ìm| H$mo ^mJZo H$m _m¡H$m {_b J`mŸ& grYo Xm¡‹S>Vo Mbo J òŸ& `hm± VH$ {H$ _mJ©H$m kmZ Z WmŸ& {Og n[a{MV _mJ© go Am ò Wo, CgH$m `hm± nVm Z WmŸ& Z ò Z ò Jm±d {_bZo bJoŸ&V~ XmoZm| EH$ IoV Ho$ {H$Zmao I‹S>o hmoH$a gmoMZo bJo, A~ Š`m H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

hram Zo H$hm - "_mby_ hmoVm h¡, amh ŷb J òŸ&'

Vw_ ^r ~oVhmem ^mJoŸ& dht Cgo _ma {JamZm WmŸ&' Cgo _ma {JamVo, Vmo Xw{Z`m Š`m H$hVr? dhAnZm Y_© N>mo‹S> Xo, bo{H$Z h_ AnZm Y_© Š`m| N>mo‹S>o?

1) "J`m' eãX H$m à`moJ Bg AW© _| {H$`m J`m h¡ -A) ì`pŠV B) gd©Zm_ C) H$mb dmMH$ D) OmZda

2) ^mJZo H$m _m¡H$m Bgo {_bm -A) J`m H$mo B) Jm`m| H$mo C) ~¡bm| H$mo D) Jm±d Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo

3) ZE ZE Jm±d {_bZo bJo -A) ^mJVo hþE B) Xygao Jm±d OmoV hþE C) Ky_Vo hþE D) Q>hbVo hþEŸ&

4) "hram' BgH$m Zm_ Wm -A) ì`pŠV B) Jm` C) b‹S>H$s D) ~¡b

5) "hram' `h Zht N>mo‹S>Zm MmhVm Wm -A) Y_© B) Ka C) Jm±d D) _mJ©

3) àñVwV AZwÀN>oX H$mo n‹T>H$a {XE JE dmŠ`m§em| H$mo nyam H$s{OE … 5 A§H$

Cg AmX_r H$mo amoQ>r {IbmZo Ho$ {bE _¢Zo Ka _| H$h {X`mŸ& amoQ>r ImZo Ho$ ~mX CgZo H$hm - _m±Or, gM ~VmD±$, AmnH$mo ^r Z ~VmD±$ Vmo {H$go ~VmD±$Ÿ& ""AÝZ XmVm gwIr ^dŸ&'' AmnZo _wPoamoQ>r Xr, A~ Vmo _wPo ~VmZm hr n‹S>oJmŸ& {H$gr H$m Xw…I XoIH$a _oam öX` V‹S>nVm h¡Ÿ& Xw…I XyaH$aZo Ho$ {bE hr ^JdmZ Zo _wPo godm Ho$ {bE ôOm h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE _¢ {H$gr H$s ^r godm H$aZo goBZH$ma Zht H$aVm hÿ±Ÿ& EH$ _hrZo nhbo H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& `hm± nmg Ho$ EH$ Jm±d _| ^bo {Xb H$m EH$

43

{H$gmZ ahVm WmŸ& CgH$s _m± ~hþV ~r_ma WrŸ& bmoJm| Ho$ {dídmg Am¡a ào_ Ho$ H$maU _¢ ^r Ü`mZnyd©H$ XdmAm| H$mo V¡̀ ma H$aVm hÿ±Ÿ& {H$gmZ H$s _m± H$mo _oao nhþ±MZo go Vgëbr {_b OmEJrŸ&XdmB`m± ̂ r _oar ~hþV H$s_Vr hmoVr h¢Ÿ& BYa-CYa H$s MrO| Cg_| Zht S>mbVm hÿ±Ÿ& Ho$ga, H$ñVyarO¡gr H$s_Vr MrO| Cg_| hmoVr h¢Ÿ& {OÝh| _¢ XdmB`m± XoVm hÿ±, CZH$s ~r_mar Jm`~ hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& g~^JdmZ H$s H¥$nm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| _oar Š`m VmH$V h¡?

1. Cg AmX_r Zo ImZm ImZo Ho$ ~mX M¡Z H$s gm±g br Am¡a H$hm ..................Ÿ&

2. dh ñd`§ H$mo ^JdmZ H$m ....................... g_PVm WmŸ&

3. nmg Ho$ Jm±d _| ....................... ~r_ma WrŸ&

4. Cg AmX_r Zo H$hm {H$ CgH$s XdmB`m± ......................... h¢Ÿ&

5. CgH$s XdmB`m| _| .................... Am{X MrO| hmoVr h¢Ÿ&

4) àñVwV AZwÀN>oX H$mo n‹T>H$a àíZm| Ho$ CÎma MwZH$a {b{IE … 5 A§H$

`h ghr h¡ {H$ BZ {XZm| Hw$N> Eogm _mhm¡b ~Zm h¡ {H$ B©_mZXmar go _ohZV H$aHo$ Or{dH$m MbmZodmbo {Zarh Am¡a ^mobo-^mbo l_Ordr {ng aho h¢ Am¡a PyR> VWm \$ao~ H$m amoOJma H$aZo dmbo\$b \y$b aho h¢Ÿ& B©_mZXmar H$mo _yI©Vm H$m n`m©̀ g_Pm OmZo bJm h¡, gƒmB© Ho$db ^ré Am¡a~o~g bmoJm| Ho$ {hñgo n‹S>r h¡Ÿ& Eogr pñW{V _| OrdZ Ho$ _yë`m| Ho$ ~mao _| bmoJm| H$s AmñWm hr{hbZo bJr h¡Ÿ& gXm _Zwî`-~w{Õ ZB© n[apñW{V`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE ZE gm_m{OH$ {d{Y{ZfoYm| H$mo ~ZmVr h¡, CZHo$ R>rH$ Z gm{~V hmoZo na CÝh| ~XbVr h¡Ÿ&

1. AmOH$b BZH$m ~mob ~mbm h¡ ........................

A) B©_mZXmam| H$m B) ~oB_mZm| H$m C) Jar~r H$m D) YZdmZm| H$m

2. gƒmB© BZHo$ {hñgo H$m n`m©̀ _mZr OmZo bJr h¡ ........................

A) _yIm] B) l_Or{d`m|C) ^rê$ d ~o~g bmoJm| D) _ohZVr

3. BgHo$ ~mao _| bmoJm| H$s AmñWm S>m±dmS>mob h¡ ........................

A) OrdZ B) OrdZ Ho$ _yë` Ho$ C) Or{dH$m D) Or{dH$monmO©Z

44

4. B©_mZXmar H$m {dbmo_ eãX h¡ ........................

A) ZB©_mZXmar B) ~oB©_mZXmar C) ~oB©_mZ D) ~oB_mZr

5. ZdrZ gm_m{OH$ {d{Y {ZfoY Bg{bE ~ZVo h¢ ........................A) _mZd H$s ~w{Õ Ho$ {bE B) n[adV©Z Ho$ {bEC) ZdrZVm Ho$ {bE D) ZB© n[apñW{V`m| H$mo gm_Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE

^mJ - B - {bIZm (20 A§H$)5. "_oam ~MnZ' nmR> Ho$ AmYma na AnZo {à` ì`pŠVËd H$m g§{já {ddaU Xr{OE …- 4 A§H$

6. (a) àYmZmÜ`mnH$ go VrZ {XZ H$s Nw>Å>r _m±JVo hþE EH$ nÌ {b{IE - 4 A§H$

(b) nwñVH$ {dH«o$Vm go {hÝXr H$s ì`pŠVËd {dH$mg g§~§Yr nwñVH$m| H$mo _m±JZo Ho$ {bE nÌì`dhma H$s{OEŸ& 4 A§H$

7. (a) AnZo Amg-nmg Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE gwYma Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ H$X_CR>mZo Ho$ ~mao _| g§{já {Q>ßnUr {b{IEŸ& 4 A§H$

(b) AnZo {à` Ë`mohma H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE g§{já boI {b{IE Ÿ& 4 A§H$

^mJ - C - ì`mH$aU (20 A§H$)

8. {XE JE AZwÀN>oX _| ghr ì`mH$aUm§e ^a H$a nyam H$s{OEŸ& 4 A§H$

A~ aWrZ ~m~y (a) _______________ h±gZo H$s ~mar Wr, {OgZo Am_aU AZeZ {H$`m Wm -Xodbmbr H¢$n (b) _______________ gM Zht bJ ahm h¡ (c) _______________ Vw_ dhr{XdmH$a Xmg hmoŸ& {OgZo AnZo aŠV (d) _______________ ~mny H$mo nÌ {bIm Wm CZHo$OÝ_{XZ naŸ&

(a) {H$, H$s, go, _|

(b) go, na, _|, H$m

(c) H$mo, {H$, H$s, H$m

(d) Zo, H$mo, go, na

45

9. g§dmX H$mo nyU© H$s{OEŸ& 4 A§H$

amYm … (XadmOm ImobVo hþE) - (a) _______________ ?

_rZm … _¢ hÿ±Ÿ&

amYm … (AmíM ©̀ go) Aao! _rZm (b) _______________ ?

_rZm … _¢ Vmo A^r-A^r AmB© hÿ±Ÿ&

amYm … A~ Vw_ (c) _______________ ?

_rZm … _¢ AmOH$b AnZo _m_m Ho$ `hm± (d) _______________ !

(a) Š`m h¡?, H$hm± h¡?, H¡$gm h¡?, H$m¡Z h¡?

(b) Vw_ H$~ AmB©?, Vw_ H$~ JB©?, Vw_ H$hm± hmo?, Vw_ H$m¡Z hmo?

(c) Š`m hmo?, H$hm± ahVr hmo?, Š`m| hmo?, éH$mo?

(d) ImVr h¡, nhZVr h¡, ahVr hÿ±, OmVr hÿ±Ÿ&

10. {XE JE g§dmXm| Ho$ AmYma na ZrMo {XE JE AZwÀN>oX H$mo nyam H$s{OEŸ& 4 A§H$

à_moX … Š`m {ZU©̀ {b`m AmnZo?

OrdZbmb … `hr {H$ ~hÿ H$s {dXmB© Zht hmoJr?

à_moX … `{X AmnZo {dXmB© Zht H$s Vmo ~hZ H$s Š`m Xem hmoJr? _m± H$m öX` ^r Qy>Q>OmEJmŸ&

OrdZbmb … Eogm hr Wm Vmo XhoO nyam Š`m| Zht {X`m?

à_moX … AnZr gm_Ï ©̀ Ho$ AZwgma {OVZm ^r hmo gH$m h_Zo Xo {X`mŸ&

OrdZbmb … AnZr _m± go H$hmo {H$ AJa ~oQ>r H$s {dXmB© MmhVr h¢ Vmo nhbo Cg Kmd Ho${bE _ah_ ôO|Ÿ&

à_moX Zo AnZr (a) ___________________ H$s {dXmB© Ho$ ~mao _| nyN>mŸ& na OrdZbmb ~hÿÛmam bmE JE (b) ___________________ go AàgÞ WoŸ& à_moX Ho$ AZwgma CÝhm|Zo AnZr(c) __________________ Ho$ AZwgma {ddmh {H$`m WmŸ& {dXm Z hmoZo na ~hZ Am¡a _m± XmoZm|H$m (d) __________________ Qy>Q> OmEJmŸ&

46

11. (a) ewÕ dV©Zr dmbm eãX Mw{ZE … 4 A§H$

1. AZẁ m`rZr 2. AZỳ m{`Zr 3. AZẁ m{`Vr 4. AZẁ m{`Zr

(b) g_wÐ, JO, qgYw, dm[a{Y - {dOmVr`/~o_ob eãX Mw{ZEŸ&

(c) {H$g eãX _| "B`m±' Omo‹S>Zo na ~hþdMZ H$m eãX ~ZVm h¡ -

dñVw, narjm, b‹S>H$s, {H$Vm~

(d) "à' CngJ© bJmH$a ghr AW© dmbm eãX Mw{ZEŸ&

\$b, hma, Amhma, {XZ

12. àñVwV dmŠ`m| _| go JbV à`moJ H$mo MwZH$a CgHo$ ñWmZ na ghr à`moJ Ho$ eãX {b{IEŸ&4 A§H$

1. Hw$_mar Zmo~ob AZẁ m`r ~ZoŸ&2. {ddoH$mZ§X Zo à`ËZerb ahrŸ&3. ñd{_Or H$moere {H$Ÿ&4. CZH$m ^mfU J§̂ ra WrŸ&

^mJ - D - gm{hË` (20 A§H$)

13.A. {XE JE CÕaU H$mo n‹T>H$a nyN>o JE àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IEŸ& 3 A§H$

Yrao-Yrao d¥Õm H$s Am±Im| H$s Á`mo{V OmZo bJrŸ& Mm±XZr _| amñVm Q>Q>mobH$a dh a|J ahr WrŸ& AmJo`m nrN>o go H$moB© Jm‹S>r AmVr {XIVr Vmo dh EH$X_ {H$Zmao I‹S>r hmo OmVr Am¡a H$hVr - ""{ZH$bOmAmo, ~oQ>r! AnZr Vmo dh C_« hr Zht ahrŸ&''

à.1 "d¥Õm' {H$gH$mo gå~mo{YV h¡ -

A) `mÌr B) Q>m`a C) Zmar D) ~g

à.2 "Mm±XZr _| amñVm Q>Q>mobH$a a|JZm' go VmËn ©̀ Š`m h¡ -

A) Yrao-Yrao MbZm B) VoOr go MbZmC) ZmnZm D) Ty>±‹T>Zm

47

à.3 ""{ZH$b OmAmo, ~oQ>r!'' {H$gHo$ {bE à ẁŠV h¡ -

A) ~oQ>r B) AÝ` Jm±{S>`m| C) noS>-nm¡Ym| D) `m{Ì`m|Ÿ&

AWdm

""do H$hVo - O~ Vw_ Z_mµO n‹T>Vo hmo Vmo Vw_ AnZo eara go BVa ~«÷m§S> H$m EH$ {hñgm ~Z OmVohmo, {Og_| Xm¡bV, Am ẁ, Om{V `m Y_©-n§W H$m H$moB© ôX ^md Zht hmoVmŸ&''

à.1 àñVwV CÕaU {H$gHo$ OrdZ H$s KQ>Zm H$m {hñgm h¡?

à.2 "do H$hVo' Bg_| do H$m¡Z h¢?

à.3 "BVa' eãX H$m g_mZmW©H$ eãX Š`m h¡?

13.B.àñVwV CÕaU n‹T>H$a ~VmBE {H$ Bgo {H$g nmR> go {b`m J`m h¡, {H$gZo H$hm Am¡a {H$ggoH$hm h¡? 3 A§H$

""Owbyg H$m¡Z ~ZmEJm? Vw_ P§S>m CR>mZm, h_ Owbyg ~ZmH$a Mb|Jo nrN>o-nrN>oŸ&''

14. {H$Ýht Mma àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xmo-VrZ dmŠ`m| _| {b{IE … 8 A§H$

à. a. {ddoH$mZ§X Zo OZVm H$mo bbH$ma H$a Š`m H$aZo H$mo H$hm?

à. b. ^mB© H$mo ~hZ H¡$go {dXm H$aVr h¡?

à. c. ~§YwAm| H$mo ~g _| {~R>mZo Ho$ {bE AmE hþE bmoJ ~g XoIH$a CgHo$ ~mao _| Š`m gmoM aho Wo?

à. d. _m¡gr H$m ñd^md H¡$gm Wm?

à. e. H$bm_ Am¡a ObmbwX²>XrZ nañna g_` H¡$go {~VmVo Wo?

à. f. "{ejm' H${dVm Ho$ AmYma na _Zwî` H$mo OrdZ _| grI H¡$go {_bVr h¡? ~VmBEŸ&

à. g. "_oar A{^bmfm' H${dVm _| H${d Zo _Zwî` H$mo àH¥${V go {H$Z JwUm| H$mo J«hU H$aZo H$m g§Xoe{X`m h¡?

48

15. {H$Ýht Xmo àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IEŸ& 6 A§H$

à. a. eågwX²>XrZ AI~mam| Ho$ {dVaU H$m H$m ©̀ H¡$go H$aVo Wo?

à. b. H${d _¡{WbreaU Jwá Or Zo ^maV_mVm H$m JwUJmZ {H$Z eãXm| _| {H$`m h¡?

à. c. n[al_ H$m _hËd H${d R>mHw$a JmonmbeaU qgh Zo {H$Z eãXm| _| ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡?

à. d. H$OmH$s AWdm _mbdOr H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmAm| H$m CëboI H$s{OEŸ&

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49

nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {Z{hV _yë`

1. àñVwV Zm¡dt H$jm Ho$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {ejm{W©̀ m| _| Z¡{VH$ _yë`, gm_m{OH$ _yë`, g_mO godm,amï´> ào_, AmË_{dídmg Am{X ^mdZmAm| Ho$ gVV {dH$mg H$m à`ËZ {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

2. amï´>r` Ë`m¡hma, amï´>r` P§S>o Ho$ à{V ñdm{^_mZ d Jm¡ad ~‹T>mZo H$m à`mg {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

3. ^mfm H$m CX²>Xoí` Z Ho$db g§Xoe XoZm h¡, ~pëH$ _Zmoa§OZ ̂ r {_b|Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go {Xb ~hbmZodmboì §̀½` {Z~§Ym| H$mo aIm J`m h¡Ÿ&

4. {ejm[W©̀ m| _| _mV¥ào_, {eew Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ JwUm| H$mo Xem©Zo dmbo Am¡a nm[adm[aH$ ào_ Ho$ à{Vé{M CËnZ H$aZo dmbr gm_{J«̀ m| H$m g§M`Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

5. ì`pŠVËd {Z_m©U H$aZo H$s Ñ{ï> go _hËdnyU© _Zr{f`m| Ho$ àoaUmXm`H$ OrdZ Ho$ ~mao _| g_Pm`mJ`m h¡Ÿ&

6. qhXr ^mfm Ho$ à{V ào_, {H«$`merbVm, dmVm©bmn, _m¡{IH$ A{^ì`pŠV H$mo àoaUm XoZo go g§~§{YVCX²>Xoí`m| H$s ny{V© H$s J`r h¡Ÿ&

7. {ejm{W©̀ m| _| n ©̀Q>Z H$s ^mdZm H$mo OmJ«V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñWmZr` {deofVmAm| H$mo n[aM` H$amZoH$s CX²>Xoí`m| H$s ny{V© hoVw Eo{Vhm{gH$ {Z~§Ym| H$s aMZm ^r H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&

8. gm¡hmX©Vm, {eï>mMma, ^md¡Š`Vm Am{X JwUm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo dmbr H$hm{Z`m| H$mo ñWmZ {X`mJ`m h¡Ÿ&

9. ñdñW eara _| ñdñW _pñVîH$ H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg _Zmod¡km{ZH$ VËd Ho$ AmYma na Z Ho$dbemar[aH$ Am¡a ñdmñÏ` g§~§{YV {dMmam| H$mo hr Zht ~pëH$ Iob Hy$Xm| go {_bZo dmbo AÝ`à`moOZm| H$mo ^r Xem©̀ m J`m h¡Ÿ&

10. {ejm{W©̀ m| _| àH¥${V ào_, n{dÌ Z{X`m| H$s H$ënZm H$amZo dmbo {dMmam| go g§~§{YV e¡{jH$gm_J«r H$m ^r g_mdoe> nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

11. Xoe ào_, gm_m{OH$ E¡Š`Vm Am{X _yë`m| go g§~§{YV H${dVmAm| H$m M`Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

12. H${R>Z n[al_ go hmoZodmbo à`moOZm| H$mo H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Xem©̀ m J`m h¡Ÿ&

50

13. {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo ì`pŠVJV A{^bmfm H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo go g§~§{YV àmoËgmh Z XoZo dmbr ^mdZmAm|go AmoV-àmoV H${dVmAm| H$mo g§H${bV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

14. amJmË_H$ àd¥{Îm`m| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo H$s Ñ{ï> go {dZ_«Vm, H$ê$Um, godm _Zmô md, ^JdmZ Ho$à{V lX²>Ym go g§~§{YV H${dVmAm| H$mo ñWmZ {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

15. dgwX¡d Hw§$Qw>§~H$_² H$s n[aH$ënZm go {ejmWu n[a{MV hm|, Cg_| d¡pídH$ ào_ H$s OmJ¥{V hmo BgX¥{ï> go Eogo _yë`m| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo dmbr H${dVmAm| H$mo MwZm J`m h¡Ÿ&

16. àmMrZ {hÝXr H${d`m| H$m n[aM` N>mÌm| H$mo {_bo Bg Ñ{ï> go g§V H$~ra Ho$ Zr{V naH$ Xmohm| H$monmR²>` nwñVH$ _| gpå_{bV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

17. _m¡{IH$ A{^ì`pŠV H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ nÌboIZ, {dñV¥V ì`mH$aU H$mn[aM` ^r H$am`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

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51

H$jm _| {hÝXr H$s ŷ{_H$m

kmZ {Z_m©U _| ^mfm H$s ŷ{_H$m H$m ~‹S>m _hËd h¡Ÿ& kmZ {Z_m©U Am¡a ^mfm H$m AQy>Q> g§~§Y h¡Ÿ&^mfm Ho$ {~Zm kmZ Ho$ g¥OZ H$s H$ënZm ^r Zht H$s Om gH$VrŸ& Eogo _| nmR²>` nwñVH|$ Ho$db {ZXo©e XoZoVH$ hr gr{_V hm| Vmo {ejm{W©̀ m| go kmZ {Z_m©U H$s à{H«$`m _| g{H«$`Vm H$s Cå_rX Zht H$s Om gH$VrŸ&

^mfm `WmW© H$mo CX²>Km{Q>V H$aVr h¡, na gmW hr Bg_| H$ënZmnaH$ VËd ^r hmoVo h¢Ÿ& nX²>`, JX²>`Am¡a ZmQ>H$ {ejm{W©`m| H$s ^m{fH$ g§doXZm H$mo ñ\y${V© àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ gmW-gmW h_mao OrdZ Ho$gm¡ÝX`m©Ë_H$ nhby H$mo g_¥Õ ^r H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `h {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ nT>Zo-{bIZo H$s j_Vm Ho$ ñVa H$mo ^rD±$Mm CR>mVo h¢Ÿ& ^mfm {H$ñgo-H$hm{Z`m|, hmñW-ì §̀½`m|, H$hmdVm|, _OmH$, ZH$b, H$mo ^r A§V{Z{h©d{H$E hmoVr h¡ `h amoO_am© Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {hñgo hmoVo h¢Ÿ& `h H$ht go ^r ñdm`Îm BH$mB© Zht hmoVr Omogm§gm[aH$ {H«$`m H$bmnm| go _wŠV hm|Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo H$jm _| ewÕVm (^mfm g§~§Yr) ~aH$ama aIZo H$s {OX {ejm{W©̀ m| go Zht H$aZmMm{hEŸ& ~pëH$ Eogm _mhm¡b V¡̀ ma H$ao {H$ ~ƒo ̂ mfm Ho$ gm¡ÝX`m©Ë_H$ nhby H$s gamhZm H$a|Ÿ& Am¡a ñdV…hr ^m{fH$ aMZmË_H$Vm H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aZo _| _XX XoŸ&

{ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo AnZo AZŵ dm| Ho$ AmYma na AnZo Amg-nmg H$s Xw{Z`m go XyañW g§gma H$mo Omo‹S>H$a H$ënZm epŠV go dhm± H$s g¡a H$aZo H$m Adga X|Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo H$jm _| nmR²>`nwñVH$ VWm AnZo ^mfmB© H$m¡eb go Eogm dmVmdaU {Z_m©U H$aZm h¡Omo {H$ñgo H$hm{Z`m|, H${dVmAm| go b~aoO hmoŸ& {OZ_| _yë` Am¡a _mZdr` g§doXZmE± ñdV… _wI[aV hmoahr hm|Ÿ& `h V` H$aZm hmoJm {H$ BÝh| (_yë`m| H$mo) C^maZo Ho$ {bE ~bnyd©H$ H$mo{ee Z {H$`m OmE Am¡a_mZH$a Mb| {H$ _yë` Vmo {ejmWu H$s qOXJr _| ghO ê$n go em{_b ahVo h¢Ÿ& _mJ©Xe©H$ na§namJV gmoMH$m {Zdm©h H$aZo H$m _moh N>moS>| Am¡a g_P b| {H$ J«hUerbVm a{hV ^mfm A{YH$ Xya VH$ Zht MbgH$VrŸ&

àË òH$ {ejmWu H$s grIZo H$s AnZr hr J{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moUaIH$a Am¡a {ejmWu H$s gamhZm H$aHo$ Bg J{V H$mo ~‹T>m gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

OrdZ go Omo‹S>o {~Zm ^mfm H$mo grIZo-{gImZo H$s H$ënZm ^r Zht H$s Om gH$VrŸ& O~ h_ {H$gr^r H${dVm, H$hmZr ̀ m boI H$mo OrdZ go Omo‹S> XoVo h¢ V~ ̂ mfm _| n[adoe H$m g_mdoe ñdV… hr hmo OmVmh¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE A{V[aŠV à`mg H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht n‹S>VrŸ&

52

{Okmgw ì`pŠV AWm©V² {ejmWu {H$gr ̂ r g_ñ`m Ho$ ha nhby na {dMma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& AnZr EH$ am`~ZmVm h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu H$s {Okmgm H$m g_mYmZmË_H$ nhby Cgo ñd §̀ OmZZo, Ty>±T>Zo H$mo ào[aV H$aZm h¡Ÿ&C{MV {Xem _| _mJ©Xe©Z H$aZm h_mam H$V©ì` h¡Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ H$m à`mg VWm {dÚmb` H$s ì`dñWmE± Bg ~mV na Ho$pÝÐV hm| {H$ do {ejmWu H$mgånyU© {dH$mg H$a gH|$Ÿ& n‹T>Zm-{bIZm Bg g_P H$m EH$ N>moQ>m-gm {hñgm _mÌ h¡Ÿ& H${dVmE± _wIa{d_e© h¢Ÿ& _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo CZ_| AW© Zht, ~pëH$ Üd{Z`m± Ty>±T>Zm h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu `h H$m_ ñdV… H$a b|Jo,_mJ©Xe©H$ ñd §̀ ̂ r H${dVm AmZ§X boVo hþE {ejmWu H$mo ̂ r AmZ§X boZo X|JoŸ& {ejm{W©̀ m| H$s A{^ì §̀OZmH$s Ñ{ï> go {dZmoXd¥pËV, hmg-n[ahmg, ahñ` amo_m§M, Am§M{bH$Vm g^r Hw$N> _m¡OyX h¡Ÿ&

Zm¡dt H$jm H$s "{hÝXr dëbar' H$s gm_J«r _| R>hamd Z hmoH$a ~Xbmd h¡, àdmh h¡Ÿ& Cgr àH$ma{ejU nÕ{V`m| _| ^r ~Xbmd H$s _m±J H$aVr h¢Ÿ& `h ~ƒm| Ho$ gmW A§V…{H«$`m H$aZm MmhVr h¡ Am¡a_mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ nj _| CZH$s ~m¡{ÕH$ qgMmB© H$s _m§J H$aVr h¢Ÿ& `h _m§J H$aVr h¢ {H$ g^r {dYmAm| H$moEH$ O¡gr àH¥${V H$m g_PZo dmbr àH¥${V go ~Mm OmEŸ& Bg nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {ejmWu H$s ñd^mdJVàd¥{Îm`m| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a nmR>m| H${dVmAm| H$m gpå_bZ {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& {ejmWu g_yh _| AÀN>r VahgrIVo h¢, àíZ H$aHo$ CÎma Ty>±T>Vo h¢Ÿ& _mJ©Xe©H$ H$s `mo½`Vm Am¡a j_Vm, nmR> H$s àH¥${V Am¡a H$boda,H$jm H$m àmo\$mBb, Cg_| _m¡OyX {d{dYVm `h g~ nmR> Ho$ _mJ©Xe©Z H$s VH$ZrH$ Ho$ ~mao _| gmoMZo _|_XX H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

AmH$bZ Am¡a _yë`m§H$Z Ho$ g§X ©̂ _| Bg nwñVH$ H$s àH¥${V H$mo g_PZm hmoJmŸ& H$ënZm, {díbofU,g_mbmoMZmË_H$, g¥OZmË_H$ qMVZ, n[adoer` gOJVm go Ow‹S>o gdmb ~ZmZo hm|JoŸ& VWm {ZpíMV ê$ngo EH$-gm ~±Ym-~±Ym`m CÎma nmZo H$s AmXV go ~MZm hmoJmŸ& "{ZarjU' O¡go ^md na ^r A§Hw$ebJmZm hmoJm, ~ƒm| Ho$ ^mfm à`moJ H$s j_Vm na {dídmg H$aZm hmoJmŸ&

{ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo AnZo ñd §̀ Ho$ {dMma g~Ho$ gm_Zo aIZo H$m AmË_{dídmg X|Ÿ& CÝh| g_ñ`mAm| H$monhMmZZo VWm CZH$m _m¡{bH$ g_mYmZ Ty>±T>Zo H$m ^anya Adga X|Ÿ& CZ_| Bg `mo½`Vm H$m {dH$mg ^r H$a|{H$ do AnZo _V `m {dMma Ho$ g_W©Z _| CXmhaU XoH$a AnZo {dMma H$mo ghr {gÕ H$a gH|$Ÿ& g_ñ`mAm|Am¡a CZHo$ g_mYmZm| H$s ImoµO Ho$ Xm¡amZ _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo ~ƒm| Ho$ g_mZ {Okmgw hmoH$a VËna {ejmWu~ZH$a XoIZm hmoJmŸ&

53

_mJ©Xe©Z H$s ZdrZ nÕ{V

g_` n[adV©Z erb h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma {ejU nÕ{V _| ^r gm_m{OH$ {Z`_ Ho$ AZwgma n[adV©ZAmdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& AmO H$s n[apñW{V _| ~mb Ho$pÝÐV nmR²>`H«$_, ~mbHo$pÝÐV {ejU nÕ{V`m| H$m Cn`moJhmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

ZdrZ nÕ{V H$s Amdí`H$Vm _yë`m§H$Z nÕ{V _| ~Xbmd ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& n[adV©Zerb g_mO_| {Za§Va Am¡a ì`mnH$ _yë`m§H$Z H$mo {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b H$hm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& {dÚmb`r n[adoe _|{gImZo H$s ZdrZ nÕ{V go VmËn ©̀ {ejmWu H$mo ñd §̀ grIZo gmoMZo, H$aZo Am¡a A{^ì`ŠV H$aZo H$m nyamAdga {X`m OmZm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {^Þ {^Þ {ejU VH$ZrH$m|, {H«$`m H$bmnm| H$mo em{_b H$a AnZo_mJ©Xe©Z H$mo amoMH$ VWm g\$b ~ZmZm _mJ©Xe©H$ H$m CX²>Xoí` hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& {d{dY nÕ{V`m| _|{ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo A{^hñVm§H$Z, àXÎm H$m ©̀, í`m_nQ> na boIZ Ho$ Adga àXmZ {H$E OmZo Mm{hEŸ&àË òH$ {ejmWu H$s A{^é{M CgH$s n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b H$m ©̀ H$m Am`moOZ H$aZo H$m à`mg hmo,{Oggo g^r {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo AnZo H$m¡eb, AnZr H$m ©̀ j_Vm, AnZr à{V^m Ho$ àXe©Z H$m _m¡H$m{_boŸ&

_mJ©Xe©Z Cgo, {Xem àXmZ H$ao, Z {H$ {Xem ^Q>H$mZo H$m H$m ©̀ H$aoŸ& Bg{bE _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo gXmgVH©$, {gImZo H$s ZdrZ nÕ{V Ed§ ZdrZ VH$ZrH$s, {H«$`m H$bmnm| Ho$ Am`moOZ Ho$ à{V {Okmgw Am¡aCËgmhr hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

àXÎm H$m`m] Ho$ {df` Eogo hm| Omo {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo gabVm go (Ty>±T>Zo na) CnbãY hmo gHo$Ÿ& CZH$moH$m ©̀ H$s EH$ê$nVm Z bJoŸ& AÝ`Wm ZragVm H$m AZŵ d H$a|JoŸ&

Bg àH$ma _mJ©Xe©Z hoVw ZdrZ nÕ{V`m| H$m AZwgaU VWm CÝh| AnZo _mJ©Xe©Z _| g_mJV H$aZmAmO H$s n[apñW{V H$s geŠV _m±J h¡Ÿ&

54

H$jm _| nmR²>`-nwñVH$ H$m _hËd

H$jm _| nmR²>` nwñVH$ EH$ gmYZ h¡ d gmÜ` h¡Ÿ& n[a^mfm … ""EH$ gw{Z{üV nmR²>`H«$_ Ho$ AÜ``ZHo$ àYmZ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n _| EH$ gw{Z{üV {ejm Ho$ ñVa na à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{Z{üV {df` nagwì`dpñWV ê$n go {bIr hþB© nwñVH$ H$mo nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$hVo h¢'' - H$mQ>©a JwS> ({h.{e.{g. n¥. 403)

nmR²>` nwñVH$ Ho$ _hËd H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV A§em| go nhMmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

v _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo {Xem {ZX}e H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

v {ejmWu Ho$ kmZ {dH$mg _| _XX H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

v ^mfmB© H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg _| ghm`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ go A{O©V kmZ H$mo {ejmWu ñWm`r ~Zm òJmŸ&

v ^mfm na A{YH$ma àmá H$aZo _| nmR²>` nwñVH$ _XX H$aoJmŸ&

v kmZ Ho$ gmW ^mfmB© Iob-_Zmoa§OZ H$m H$m_ ^r nmR²>` nwñVH$ go hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

v ñdmÜ`m` Ho$ {dH$mg _| nmR²>` nwñVH$ AË §̀V _hËd nyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

v àíZ n{ÌH$m H$s V¡̀ mar _| nmR²>`-nwñVH$ H$m ñWmZ _hËd nyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

v AÀN>m _mJ©Xe©H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$mo AnZm Jwbm_ ~ZmVm h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z _mJ©Xe©H$ nwñVH$ H$m Jwbm_Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| amï´>r`Vm ñdmñÏ` g§~§Yr Xe©Zr` ñWb d J«må` OrdZ go g§~§{YV nmR> hmoZmMm{hEŸ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$m Zm_ BVZm AmH$f©H$ hmo {H$ dh n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aoŸ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ Ho$ nmR> H$ënZm epŠV Ho$ {dH$mg _| ghm`H$ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ go {ejmWu _| ñdmÜ`m` H$s é{M CËnÞ hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

55

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {MÌm| VWm aoIm{MÌm| H$s g§»`m n`m©á _mÌm _| hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

v nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| {df` {d{dYVm d e¡br {d{^ÞVm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

v JÚ nmR>m| _| gab Am¡a N>moQ>r H$hm{Z`m± hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

v ^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go nmR²>` nwñVH$ _| gab eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ&

----- 0 -----

56

H$jm _| _mJ©Xe©H$ Am¡a {ejmWu H$s gh^m{JVm

H$jm _| grIZo-{gImZo H$m dmVmdaU grIZo {gImZo H$s g\$bVm H$mo V` H$aVm h¡Ÿ& ^`_wŠVn[adoe {ejmWu H$mo ñdÀN>ÝX ê$n go ^mfm-{df` grIZo _| ghm`H$ hmoJmŸ& _mJ©Xe©H$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$g~go nhbo {ejmWu _| AmË_{dídmg OJmE, Ñ‹T> H$aoŸ& VWm CZHo$ gmW AmË_r`Vm go noe AmEŸ& BggoH$jm _| grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$`m gwJ_ Am¡a gabVm go Mb gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& H$jm _| O~ VH$ {ejmWunyU© ê$n go gh^mJr h¢ V~ VH$ hr {gImZo H$s d _mJ©Xe©Z H$s à{H«$`m hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& VmËn ©̀ `h h¡ {H$`{X {ejmWu H$s é{M H$_ hmo J`r h¡ Vmo {gImZo `m _mJ©Xe©Z H$m {dYmZ ~Xb|Ÿ&

{H«$`mH$bmn H$s à{d{Y _| amoMH$Vm bmZo Ho$ {bE CÝh| Iob, MwQ>Hw$bo, amoMH$ {H$ñgo Am{X gwZ-gwZm H$a n[adV©Z bmE± VWm H$jm H$mo amoMH$ ~ZmE±Ÿ& _mJ©Xe©H$ {ejm{W©̀ m| H$s é{M H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVohþE {d{dY {H«$`mH$bmnm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go _mJ©Xe©Z H$a|Ÿ& CÝh| ñd §̀ {Okmgw ~ZZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$a|Ÿ&{dídmgnmÌ ~Z|Ÿ& {Z…g§H$moM {ejmWu AnZr g_ñ`m VWm AnZm H$m¡Vyhb H$jm _| ì`ŠV H$a gH|$Ÿ&nañna gh^m{JVm CÎm_ n[aUm_ àñVwV H$aVr h¡Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ H$s g\$bVm {ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo Iy~ Am¡a ghUVm go {gImZo _| h¡Ÿ& {ejm{W©̀ m| H$s H$jm_| nyU© gh^m{JVm _mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ H$m ©̀ H$mo gab ~ZmVr h¡Ÿ&

_mJ©Xe©H$ CÝh| àmoËgm{hV H$aVo hþE A{V[aŠV {df` g§J«h Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a|Ÿ& CÝh| gamh|Ÿ&{Oggo {ejm{W©̀ m| H$m AmË_{dImg ~T>Vm h¡ Am¡a do nyao CËgmh go H$jm H$s {H«$`mAm| _| ^mJ boVo h¢Ÿ&

57

qhXr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$ CX²>Xoí`

1. ^mfm ào_Ÿ&

2. ^mfmB© H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mgŸ&

3. agmñdmXZŸ&

4. ì`mdhm[aH$ ì`mH$aU H$m n[aM`Ÿ&

5. amï´>r` EH$Vm H$m àMma H$aZmŸ&

6. ^mB©Mmao H$s ^mdZmŸ&

7. g¥OZmË_H$ ^mdZm H$m {dH$mgŸ&

8. kmZmË_H$ ^mdZm H$m {dH$mgŸ&

9. gm_m{OH$ OrdZ _| {b{IV VWm H${WV A{^ì`pŠV H$m {dH$mg H$aZmŸ&

10. gm{hpË`H$ {dYmAm| H$m kmZ àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

11. lì` Am¡a Ñí` CnH$aUm| go à^md nyd©H$ qhXr {gImZmŸ&

12. qhXr go g§~§{YV g§dmX, dmVm©bmn, `mÌm-{ddaU, g_mMma, {dkmnZm| go {ejmWu H$mo n[aM`H$amZmŸ&

13. qhXr ^mfm Ho$ `WmdV² CƒmaU H$m n[aM` H$amZmŸ&

14. ldU H$m¡ebm| H$m n[aM` H$amZodmbo n[adoe H$m {Z_m©U H$aZmŸ&

15. _m¡{IH$ A{^ì`pŠV H$m A{YH$ Adga àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

16. gab JX²>`m§em| Ho$ Ûmam aMZmË_H$ {dH$mg H$m A{^d¥{Õ H$aZmŸ&

17. kmZ-joÌ VWm {ddoH$ H$m {Za§Va {dH$mg H$aVo hþE M[aÌ {Z_m©U H$amZmŸ&

18. nmR²>` nwñVH$m| _| {Z{hV kmZ ̂ §S>ma H$m AdbmoH$Z H$amZm VWm ~mbH$m| H$mo ñdmÜ`m` Ho$ à{V é{MCËnÝZ H$aZmŸ&

58

19. qhXrVa ^mfr qhXr àXoem| _| OmZo na {ejmWu _| gab qhXr H$m à`moJ H$aZo H$s j_Vm ~‹T>mZmŸ&

20. X¡Z§{XZ OrdZ go g§~§{YV {d{dY VWm {d{eð> {df`m| na AnZo {dMma gab qhXr _| A{^ì`ŠVH$aZo H$s j_Vm ~‹T>mZmŸ&

21. {ejmWu _| qhXr Ho$ gab gm{hË` H$mo A{^ê${M VWm AW©~moY Ho$ gmW n‹T>Zo _| `mo½` ~ZmZmŸ&

22. {ejmWu H$mo qhXr _| ghO ewX²>Y Ed§ àdmh Ho$ gmW ~mobZo H$s j_Vm ~‹T>mZmŸ&

23. {ejmWu _| gm_m{OH$ _yë`m| H$m {dH$mg H$aZmŸ&

24. {MÌm| go Omo‹S>H$a n‹T>Zo H$s AmXV ~‹T>mZmŸ&

25. qhXr ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam amï´>ào_ H$s ^mdZm H$mo OmJ¥V H$aZmŸ&

26. {ejmWu _| AdbmoH$Z epŠV H$m {dH$mg H$aZmŸ&

27. qhXr ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam {ejmWu H$mo n`m©daU Ed§ àXyfU Ho$ à{V OmJ¥V H$aZmŸ&

28. {ejmWu H$mo dmVm©bmn H$m Adga àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

29. qMVZ epŠV H$m {dH$mg H$aZmŸ&

30. ~mb gm{hË` Ho$ à{V é{M àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

31. àË òH$ N>mÌ na ì`pŠVJV Ü`mZ XoVo hþE CZH$s H${R>ZmB© H$mo Xya H$aZmŸ&

32. g_`-g_` na {ejmWu H$s CnbpãY`m| H$mo Om±M H$a _yë`m§H$Z H$a A{^boI V¡̀ ma H$aZmŸ&

33. nwñVH$ n‹T>Zo Ho$ à{V {ejmWu _| é{M CËnÞ H$aZmŸ&

59

{H«$`m `moOZm

{df`, H$jm Ed§ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b nmR²>` nwñVH$ H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE EH$ {H«$`m-`moOZm H$sAmdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {OgH$s ghm`Vm go H$jm _| _mJ©Xe©H$ AnZr ̀ moOZmZwgma gabVm go {ejm{W©̀ m|H$mo _mJ©Xe©Z Xo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r g_`mZwgma Cg_| WmoS>m-~hþV n[adV©Z {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omog_` H$s _m±J hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& H$jm Ho$ AZwHy$b EH$ nyd© {H«$`m `moOZm nmR> g§~§Yr A{YJ_ A§em| H$mo{ejm{W©̀ m| H$mo erK«Vm go {gImZo _| _XXJma hmoVr h¡Ÿ& àË òH$ nmR>, JÚ hmo `m nÚ `m ì`mH$aU A§eCgHo$ AZwHy$b ^mfm H$m¡ebm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE EH$ àmê$n H$s V¡̀ mar Adí` hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& dm{f©H$nmR> `moOZm Ho$ gmW-gmW dm{f©H$ {H«$`m `moOZm _mJ©Xe©Z H$mo g\$b ~ZmZo _| nyU©V`m ghm`H$ hmoJrŸ&{H$g nmR> `m {H$g nÚ Ho$ {bE {H$Z-{H$Z {H«$`m-H$bmnm| H$m Am`moOZ nmR> H$mo amoMH$ Ed§ gwJ_~ZmEJmŸ& {H$Z ghm`H$ gm_{J«̀ m| H$s ì`dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hEŸ& {H$Z J{V{d{Y`m|, Iobm| (^mfmB©Iobm|) H$m Am`moOZ nmR> Ho$ AZwgma CÎm_ hmoJmŸ& {H$Z MmQ>m], Vm{bH$mAm|, gr.S>r., AmXe© àmê$nm|,Iobm| H$s ì`dñWm VWm {H$VZr _mÌm _|, {H$VZr Ad{Y VH$ gr{_V hmoJr,ŸBgH$m VmËH$m{bH$ àmê$nV¡̀ ma H$aZm hmoJmŸ& {ejm{W©̀ m| H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V Ho$ AZwgma amoMH$ {H«$`mH$bmnm| H$m Am`moOZ H$aH$jm _| amoMH$Vm {df` Ho$ à{V JhZ é{M CËnÞ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& n[aUm_V… {df` H$mo {gImZo _|gw{dYm hmoJrŸ& {ejmWu erK«Vm go J«hU H$a|JoŸ&

H$^r ^r {ejm{W©̀ m| Ho$ gmW H$s OmZodmbr ~mVMrV H$mo ì`W© Z g_P|Ÿ& CZ_| {dídmg, Y¡̀ © VWm_mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ gmW {df` gå~ÝYr àíZ nyN>Z

vÀgÀuÀw : 9 «µÀaiÀÄ : »a¢ - kardsert.kar.nic.in/trgmodules/rachana/hindi.pdf · 2013. 10....

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