Population Revision Booklet

Section 1 Global Population Change 1800 - present

Exam Question 2013Describe the pattern shown of global population change. (2)

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Give details of two contrasting population future projections11 billion peak

9 billion peak

Examine variations in global birth rate. Annotate places with high / low birth rates onto your map.

Using the population pyramid describe and explain the population structure of Mali (a very poor developing country). Note this is a change in case study from Mexico.

Pyramid aspect Description ExplanationBase

Apex(top)

Shape (convex or concave)

Gender

Now draw and label a population pyramid for Japan

Explain why very poor developing countries often have high birth rates. (4 marks)

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Explain two reasons why death rates have decreased in many countries. (4 marks)

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Explain two reasons why birth rates have decreased in many countries. (4 marks)

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The Demographic Transition Model

For Stage 2 to Stage 5 give an example of a country in that stage.

In which stages does the population show greatest increase?

Explain your answer.

Stage Issue ChallengesYouthful Population

Ageing Population

Population Management

Countries want their populations to be sustainable. This means a very small amount of growth by natural increase each year. You could think of this as birth rate being slightly higher than death rate.

They do not want a high rate of natural increase as resources start to become scarce (e.g. water, food, housing, jobs).

On the other hand they do not want a declining population or an ageing population as they will not have enough people for the work force.

If natural increase is too high, a country might use an anti-natalist policy. This means they try to reduce the number of children per family. Your case study of this is China’s One Family One Child policy in operation between 1979 and 2014.

If population change is becoming negative, or has an ageing population, a country will use a pro-natalist policy to encourage people to have more children. Your case study of this is Singapore.

Anti-natalist

China – One Family One Child Policy1979 - 2014

China had 14% of the world’s population, but only 7%of world’s water and food. Therefore, autocratic government decided to impose the policy.

They encouraged each family to have one child by rewarding one child families with the best housing, free healthcare and schools. Barrier contraceptives were given out.

They enforced the policy by fining families who had two children and then carrying out forced abortions or forced sterilisations.

Regarded as successful because China’s population has stabilised at 1.4 billion. The reduced birth rate allowed high quality education which means China has developed a very skilled work force. Has also aided gender equality.

However, some argue peoples’ human rights were taken away and that forced abortions are immoral. Additionally, many only children mean there is a burden of care on some families.

Pro-natalist

Singapore Singapore has an ageing population with 15% of its population above 65. Additionally, birth rates are low – only 8 per 1000. Well below replacement level.

In 2008 the government brought in the marriage and parenthood package. Firstly, it increased maternity and paternity leave and levels of pay.

Secondly, it subsidised child care reducing costs for working parents and encouraging people to have more children.Thirdly, a ‘baby bonus’ is paid to people when they have a second and third child.

There has been a small increase in birth rate, but overall they are still very low and well below replacement rate.

There appears to be a culture of very small family size which the government policies cannot change.

Explain how governments might try to manage population change. (6 marks).

Firstly, .....................................................................................................................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Secondly, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........Thirdly, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………To conclude, .................................................................................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Migration Revision Booklet

Section 1

Net migration = Immigration – Emigration

1. Define each of these key terms.

2. Describe the differences between immigration and emigration over time.

3. Calculate net migration for 2003 and 2004.

4. Why is there such a big difference between the two years?

Exam Question Explain why tensions can result as a result of high net migration. (4)

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The UK Points Based System – for migrants from outside the EU

Tier

Skill / Job type Offer

1 Highly skilled. Scientists/ university lecturers. Accepted easily, usually through a company or university sponsor.

2 Skilled with job offer. These people have a specific skill which the UK has a shortage of. The best example is nurses.

Accepted with clear need illustrated by employer sponsoring. The NHS recruiting nurses from the Philippines is a good example.

3 Low skilled. Agricultural workers or hospitality. Since 2010 this is inaccessible for people from outside the EU.

4 Students. Often from Asia who pay to attend university in the UK.

Temporary student visa offered. Cities like Oxford and Cambridge very high number, but very profitable for the UK.

Exam QuestionUsing a named example explain how one country has attempted to manage migration. (6 marks).

Named example ………………………………………………………

Firstly, .....................................................................................................................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Secondly, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........Thirdly, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………To conclude, the policy with the biggest impact has been

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