viii - nplgdspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/142975/1/sotsialur_metsnierebata... · platonis...

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universiteti

ISSN 1987-7684

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa

fakulteti

საზოგადოებრივ და პოლიტიკურ მეცნიერებათა დეპარტამენტი

socialur mecnierebaTa

sakiTxebi

VIIISromebis krebuli

gamomcemloba `,universali~

Tbilisi 2015

YDC (uak) 316 (051)s 743

,,socialur mecnierebaTa sakiTxebi“gamodis 2009 wlidan

saredaqcio kolegiis Tavmjdomare,redaqtori:

irakli manveliZe

saredaqcio kolegia:

gusein nizami oRli najafovi (baqo), genadiiaSvili (Tbilisi), lado mkervaliSvili (Tbilisi)ineza zoiZe, natalia lazba, zaza burkaZe, irakligorgilaZe, laSa baJunaiSvili, inga cincqilaZe,irina cincaZe (pasuxismgebeli mdivani).

recenzentebi:

marina itriaSviliioseb sanikiZelevan jaYyeli

ISSN 1987-7684

© საზოგადოებრივ და პოლიტიკურ მეცნიერებათა დეპაერტამენტი

სტატიაში მოცემულ ფაქტებზე, მოსაზრებებსა და დასკვნებზე პასუხისმგებელია ავტორი!

misamarTi:

saqarTvelo, baTumi, ninoSvilis 35, universitetis II korpusi,

socialur mecnierebaTa deparatamenti #505.

E-mail [email protected] Tel: 0422 29 33 46

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2015Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 222 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30E-mail: [email protected]

Batumi Shota Rustaveli StateUniversity

Faculty of social and Political sciences

The Department of Social and Political Sciences

Problems of SocialSciences

VIIIPROCEDINGS

Publishing House ,,Universali“TBILISI-2015

Problems of Social Sciences

Issued since 2009

Chairman of the Editorial Board, Editor:

Irakli Manvelidze

Editorial Board:

Huseyn N. Najafov, Lado Mkervalishvili (Tbilisi), Genadi Iashvili(Tbilisi), Natalia Lazba, Ineza Zoidze, Zaza Burkadze, IrakliGorgiladze, Lasha Bajunaishvili, Inga Tsintsqiladze, Irina Tsintsadze.

reviewers:

Marina ItriashviliIoseb Sanikidze

Levan Jakeli

ISSN 1987-7684

© The Department of Social and Political Sciences

For providing in articles the material, opinions and conclusions responsibility of theauthor.

Address: 505, The Department of social sciences, Shota RustaveliState University, 35 Ninoshvili Street, Batumi, Georgia,

E-mail [email protected] Tel: 042 229 33 46

Publishing House ,,Universali“

Publishing House ,,universali”, 2015Tbilisi, 0179, I. Chavchavadzis ave.. 19,: 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30E-mail: [email protected]

Батумский Государственныйуниверситет имени Шота Руставели

Факультет социальных и политических наук

Департамент общественных и политических наук

Вопросы социальныхнаук

VIIIСборник трудов

Издательство «Универсал»Тбилиси 2015

Сборник

«Вопросы социальных наук» выходит с 2009 года

Председатель редакционного совета, редактор:

Ираклий Манвелидзе

Редакционный совет:

Наджафов Гусейн Низами оглы (Баку), Генадий Иашвили(Тбилиси), Ладо Мкервалишвили (Тбилиси), Заза Буркадзе,Иракли Горгиладзе, Инеза Зоидзе, Наталия Лазба, ЛашаБажунаишвили, Инга Цинцкиладзе, Ирине Цинцадзе(ответственный редактор).

Рецензенты:

Марина ИтриашвилиИосеб СаникидзеЛеван Джакели

ISSN 1987-7684

© Департамент общественных и политических наук

За предоставленный в статьях материал, мнения и заключенияответственность несет автор.

Адрес: Грузия, Батуми, Ниношвили 35, II корпус университета,департамент социальных наук #505.E-mail [email protected] Tel: 0422 29 33 46

Издательство «Универсал», 2015Тбилиси, 0179, проспект И. Чавчавадзе 19,: 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30

socialur mecnierebaTa sakiTxebiProblems of Social Sciences

Вопросы социальных наук

2015VIII

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S i n a a r s i

C O N T E N TСОДЕРЖАНИЕ

politikis mecniereba

Political Scienceполитология

laSa baJunaiSviligeopolitikuri koliziebi axlo aRmosavleTSi .......11

Lasha BazhunaishviliGeopolitical Collisions in the Middle East...................................23Лаша БажунаишвилиГеополитические Коллизии на Ближнем Востоке .................24

kaxaber surgulaZeevrokavSirSi migraciuli nakadisregulirebis meqanizmebi..................................................25

Кахабер СургуладзеМЕХАНИЗМЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ МИГРАЦИОННОГОПОТОКОВ В ЕВРОСОЮЗЕ......................................................31Kakhaber SurguladzeMechanisms for regulating migration flow to the EuropeanUnion....................................................................................32



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irakli manveliZegiga fartenaZegiorgi qaTamaZeeleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTareba, rogorc saxel-mwifo mmarTvelobis reformirebis elementi aWarismagaliTze .............................................................................33

Иракли МанвелидзеГига ФартенадзеГеоргий КатамадзРазвитие электронного правительства, как пример элементареформирования государственного управления на примереАджарии ......................................................................................48Irakli ManvelidzeGiga PhartenadzeGiorgi KatamadzeDevelopment of electronic governance as an element of reformingstate governance according to the Adjarian example ...................50

irakli gorgilaZesruteebis geopolitika da axali wesrigi SavzRvaze ....................................................................................52

Ираклий ГоргиладзеГеополитика проливов и “Новый порядок” на Черномморе..............................................................................................61



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Irakli GorgiladzeGeopolitics of the Straits and New Order in the Black Sea.......62

lamzira xideSeliislamuri saxelmwifo - realuri safrTxe ..................64

Ламзира ХидешелиИсламское государство – реальная угроза ...............................71Lamzira KhidesheliIslamic Stata – Real Danger .........................................................72

natalia lazbapolitikuri konfliqtebis religiuri faqtori......73

Natalia LazbaReligious factor of political conflicts ...........................................81Наталия ЛазбаРелигиозный фактор политических конфликтов.....................82

giorgi jRarkavagermaniisa da evrokavSiris urTierTamokidebulebisxarisxi....................................................................................83

Giorgi JgarkavaThe interdependence levels between Germany and the EuropeanUnion ............................................................................................92Гиорги ДжгаркаваСтепень взаимозависимости между Германией и ЕвропейскимСоюзом ........................................................................................93



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xaTuna muradiSviliplatonis Sexedulebebi idealuri saxelmwifo mmar-Tvelobis Sesaxeb ................................................................95

Khatuna MuradishviliPlato’s opinions om the ideal state governmence .........................109Хатуна МурадишвилиВзгляд Платона на идеальное государственное

управление ..................................................................................110

Tornike mJavanaZenato saqarTvelos ekonomikuri usafrTxoebisgaranti ....................................................................................111Tornike MzhavanadzeNATO as Guarantee of Economic Safety for Georgia ........119Торнике МжаванадзеНАТО как гарантия экономической безопасностиГрузии ........................................................................................121

sociologia

SociologyСоциология

ineza zoiZereligiisa da ojaxis,rogorc socialuri erTobebisurTierTmimarTebis zogierTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb .......123



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Ineza ZoidzeAbout some issues concerning interrelations between religion andfamily as social unions .................................................................132

Инеза ЗоидзеО некоторых вопросах взаимосвязи религии и семьикак социальних обеденений ...........................................133

pedagogika

Pedagogyпедагогика

madona falavandiSviliaxali sainformacio teqnologiebis danergva saswavloprocesSi: problemebi da perspeqtivebi ......................134

Мадона ПалавандишвилиВнедрение новых информационных технологий в учебныйпроцесс: проблемы и перспективы ...........................................140Madona FalavandishviliIntroducing new information technologies in learning process,

problems and perspectives............................................................141B



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biznesi da ekonomika

Business and EconomyБизнес и экономика

TamTa varSaniZesocialur-eTikuri faqtorebis roli biznesis organi-zaciis efeqtur funqcionirebaSi .................................142

Тамта ВаршанидзеРоль социально-этических факторов в эффективномфункционировании организации бизнеса ................................153Tamta VarshanidzeThe role of social-ethical factors in effective functioning of businessorganization ..................................................................................154

maskomunikacia

массовая коммуникацияMass Communication

irine cincaZemasmediis roli publicisturi enis normirebis pro-cesSi .......................................................................................155

Ирине ЦинцадзеРоль средств массовой информации в процессе нормированияпублицистичного языка .............................................................161Irine Tsintsadze



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The role of mass media in the process of publicist’s languagestandardization..............................................................................162nestan mamuWaZemanipulireba - XXI saukunis mediis moTxovna ............163

Nestan MamuchadzeManipulation _ demand of the Xxi century ................................171

Нестан МамучадзеМанипулирование как требование к массовой коммуникацииXXI века.......................................................................................172

naTela beriZeJurnalistis profesionalizmi qarTul mediaSi......173

Natela BeridzeJournalist's professionalism in Georgian media ...........................177Натела БеридзеПрофессионализм журналиста в грузинском медие ...............177

maia papunaSvilisocialuri mediis xibli da damangreveli Zala ........178

Маиа РарунашвилиПрaивлекательность и разрушительная силасоциальной медиию...................................................................187

Maia PapunashviliAttraction of social media and destructive power ........................188



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samarTali

ПравоLaw

anzor ustiaZeerToblivi saqmianobis amxanagoba,rogorc samewarmeo (biznesis) subieqti.......................189

Анзор УстиадзеТоварищество совместной деятельности,как субъект предпринимательства (бизнеса) ...........................206Anzor UstiadzeJoint Activity Partnership, as a Business Entity ...........................207

identoba

идентичностьIdentity

cira futkaraZesimboluri interaqcionizmi evropelTaidentobaSi............................................................................208

Tsira PhutkaradzeSymbolic interactionism in the European identity........................221Цира ПуткарадзеСимволический интеракционизм в идентностиевропейцев...................................................................................222



2015VIII

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politikis mecniereba

Political Scienceполитология

geopolitikuri koliziebi axloaRmosavleTSi

laSa baJunaiSvili

axlo aRmosavleTis regionis postbipolarulsaerTaSoriso urTierTobebis aqtualur problemas

warmoadgens regionis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis - sau-

dis arabeTsa da iranis brZola „lideri saxelmwifos“statusisaTvis, romelic samxedro-politikuri kon-

frontaciis paralelurad, eTno-kulturul da reli-giur xasiaTsac atarebs. swored amitom, aRniSnuli da-

pirispireba SesaZloa ganxiluli iqnas, rogorc Sida

civilizaciuri konfliqti. amerikeli mecnieris semu-

el hantingtonis Tanaxmad, qveynebi jgufdebian saku-

Tari civilizaciis wamyvani (birTvi) saxelmwifo(ebi)sirgvliv, rac amkvidrebs Sidacivilizaciur wesrigs.swored es wamyvani (birTvi) saxelmwifo an saxelmwifo-



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Ta jgufi warmoaCens sakuTari civilizaciis intere-

sebs globalur politikaSi, msoflio wesrigs ki mniS-vnelovanwilad afuZnebs am birTvi saxelmwifoebs So-

ris Sejaxebebi an dialogi. samxedro-politikuri

TvalsazrisiT, civilizacia ar warmoadgens erTian mo-

noliTur organizms. xSir SemTxvevaSi SigniT arsebul

calkeul eri-saxelmwifoebs Soris, romlebic gansxva-

vebuli kulturis, eTno-lingvistur da religiuri

mimdinareobis matarebelia, arsebobs Sida civiliza-

ciuri konfliqti, rac metwilad dakavSirebulia bir-

Tvi saxelmwifos statusis damkvidrebis, Zlierebisa

da keTildReobisaken swrafviT (Huntington 1996: 126-127,179; pataria 2015:472-473,476).

islamur civilizaciaSi Sida konfrontaciis

sawyis etapad SesaZloa CaiTvalos VII saukune, rode-

sac arabebma regionSi axal monoTeistur religias,vrcel imperias, maRalganviTarebul kulturas, e. w.islamur civilizacias Cauyares safuZveli da regio-nis uZlevelis sparsuli civilizaciis Zlier konku-

rentebad iqcnen. marTalia, maT SeZles sparselebis ga-

muslimeba da sabolood, maTi islamuri civilizaciis

nawilad qceva, Tumca iraneli xalxi ar Tmobda uZve-

les TviTmyofadobas, rac dausrulebeli konfliqtis

mizezi gaxda. mogvianebiT (VII-X ss.), arabebsa da spar-



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selebs Soris eTno-kulturulma dapirispirebam re-

ligiuri motivebic SeiZina. irani islamis erT-erTi

mimdinareobis - Siizmis aRmsareblebad gadaiqca, rome-

lic orTodoqsalur islams - sunizms Tvisobrivad da-

upirispirda (Abdo 2013:14,20). Sedegad, islamur civi-lizaciaSi Sida dapirispireba da konfliqti kidev uf-

ro gamwvavda.amgvarad, islamuri civilizacia sabolood or

msxvil konfrontaciul erTeulebad gaiyo. saukunee-

bis ganmavlobaSi eTno-kulturuli, lingvisturi da

religiuri sqizma (anu Sida civilizaciuri konfliq-

ti) wiTel xazad gasdevda aRmosavluri imperiebis ge-

opolitikas, met-naklebad gavlenas axdenda maT saSi-

nao da sagareo politikur orientirebze, saxelmwifo

ideologiasa da konfliqtebis eskalaciaze, rac regi-

ons arastabilurs xdida.islamur civilizaciaSi birTvi saxelmwifos

statusisaTvis brZola meoce saukuneSi axali energi-

iT gaCaRda, rodesac jer osmaleTis imperiis, xolo me-ore msoflio omis Semdeg, evropuli koloniuri impe-

riebis msxvrevas mohyva. arabulma saxelmwifoebma su-

vereniteti moipoves, xolo SeerTebul StatebTan

mWidro partniorobis Sedegad, mniSvnelovnad gaZli-

erda iranic. damoukideblobis mopovebis paralelu-



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rad, sparseTis yuris saxelmwifoebi navTobis msxvil

eqsportior saxelmwifoebad gadaiqcnen, ramac maT ma-namde warmoudgeneli tempebis ekonomikuri ganviTare-

bis, Zlieri samxedro-TavdacviTi sistemebis formire-bisa da saerTaSoriso asparezze wamyvan saxelmwifob-

Tan partniorobis saSualeba misca. ekonomikuri ganvi-Tarebis fonze kvlav ganaxlda dapirispireba regionis

wamyvan saxelmwifoebs Soris. erTi cdilobda pan-ara-

buli samyaros konsolidacias, xolo meore Zlevamosi-

li sparseTis imperiis aRdgenas.sxvadasxva periodSi pan-arabul moZraobas sxva-

dasxva arabuli saxelmwifo edga saTaveSi. 50-60-ian

wlebSi egvipte, siria da iordania liderobdnen. maTgavlenas sparseTis yuris arabuli saxelmwifoebic ga-

nicdida. ufro metic, miuxedavad naseris socialistu-

ri msoflmxedvelobisa, arabuli monarqiebis (saudis

arabeTi, gaerTianebuli arabuli saemiroebi, yatari,quveiTi, iordania) politikuri elita da xSir SemTxve-vaSi samefo ojaxis warmomadgenlebi pativs scemdnen

da iziarebdnen „naserizms“ da misi arabuli naciona-

lizmis ideebs (Kissinger 1970:8-9; Sirriyeh 1984 :61-63). 1958wels Seiqmna egvipte-siriis gaerTianebuli arabuli

saxelmwifo, romelsac male iemenic SeuerTda da rome-

lic pretenzias acxadebda regionis liderobaze. pan-



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arabizmis Sekavebis mizniT, irani aqtiurad TanamSrom-

lobda regionis ara arabul saxelmwifoebTan (israel-

Tan, sekularul TurqeTTan da avRaneTTan). SemTxvevi-

Ti ar iyo, rom Teirans gansakuTrebuli strategiuli

da ekonomikuri urTierTobebi gaaCnda israelTan ise,rom de iure arc hyavda aRiarebuli (Parsi 2007:22-23).iranis Sahi reza fehlevi israelisa da iranis kavSirs

erTiani safrTxeebis mimarT Semdegnairad axasiaTebda:„arc irans da arc israels ar surs marto aRmoCndes

arabTa zRvaSi“ (Neff 1991:24). 70-wlebSi ssrk-s daxmare-

biT samxedro-politikuri TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelov-

nad gaZlierda erayi, romelic iranis erT-erT Zlier

konkurentad iqca, Tumca SeerTebuli Statebisa da is-

raelis daxmarebiT, Teirani warmatebiT arTmevda Tavs

radikaluri arabuli saxelmwifoebis Sekavebas1.regionis hegemonobisTvis brZolaSi axali etapi

iranis islamuri revoluciis (1978-79 ww.) Semdeg daiw-

yo, rodesac aiaTola homeinis iniciativiT, iranma axa-

li sagareo politikis strategia SeimuSava, rac iTva-

1 მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ირანი და საუდის არაბეთიც შეერთებულიშტატების მოკავშირე და იარაღის ვაჭრობის სფეროში კლიენტი-სახელმწიფოები იყვნენ, მათ შორის არსებობდა მწვავე კონკურენცია. ერ-რიადი ვერ ეგუებოდა ირანის მისწრაფებას დასავლელი მოკავშირეებისინტერესების დასაცავად შეესრულებინა „სპარსეთის ყურის ჟანდარმისფუნქცია“ (Sirriyeh 1984 :19).



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liswinebda islamuri revoluciis eqsportiT Teokra-tiuli reJimebis damyarebas axlo aRmosavleTis sa-

xelmwifoebSi (devizi „arc aRmosavleTi, arc dasavle-

Ti, mxolod islami“). Sedegad Teiranma aqtiurad daiw-yo Siituri politikuri Zalebis mxardaWera regionis

arabul saxelmwifoebSi (libani, bahreini, siria, erayi

da iemeni). Teiranis gaaqtiurebis fonze palestinaSida libanSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda Siitebis rogorc

ricxvi, ise maTi politikuri gavlenebi, eraySi ki maTsadam huseinis xelisuflebas mniSvnelovani diskom-

forti Seuqmna.regionSi islamuri revoluciis eqsportisa da

politikuri suraTis Secvlis mcdelobas iran-erayis 8wliani omi mohyva (1980-88). omma mniSvnelovnad Secvala

regionis samxedro-politikuri viTareba. SeiaraRebu-li konfliqtis Sedegad baRdadma mniSvnelovani dar-

tyma miiRo, xolo iranma, romelic SeiaraRebuli kon-fliqtis dros arabuli samyaros pirispir marto aR-

moCnda, momavali usafrTxoebisa da regionSi pozicie-

bis SenarCunebis mizniT, birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis

programa ganaaxla, romelic islamuri revoluciisSemdeg aiaTola ruhola homeinis iniciativiT iqna Se-

Cerebuli. swored, maSin Caeyara safuZveli iranis axal



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birTvul strategias2, romelic usafrTxoebisa da re-gionSi poziciebis SenarCunebis garanti unda gamxda-

riyo. amrigad, islamuri revoluciis Semdeg, iranmascada Tavis gavlenebis gafarToeba avRaneTidan liba-

namde. geopolitikur konkurenciasTan erTad, religi-uri konfrontacia kvlav gaxda saxelmwifoTaSorisi

urTierTobis mTavari leitmotivi.civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg, regionSi arsebu-

li samxedro-politikuri suraTi arsebiTad Seicvala.90-ian wlebSi aSS-erayis dapirispireba (1991 wlis spar-

seTis yuris pirveli omi da 1998 wlis sahaero operacia

erayis winaaRmdeg - „operacia udabnos mela“), 2003wels antiteroristuli kampaniiT dasrulda, riTac

vaSingtonma sabolood gaanadgura iranis erT-erTi an-

gariSgasawevi mowinaaRmdege (Semakavebeli), regionis

erT-erTi Zlieri moTamaSe, mis xelisuflebaSi myofisuniti lideri sadam huseini da xeli Seuwyo xelisuf-

lebis saTaveSi Siituri politikuri Zalebis mosvlas.siriasa da irans Soris Siituri erayis warmoqmnam, re-

gionSi „Siituri saxelmwifoebis RerZis“ da Teiranis

gavlenebis gaZlierebis safrTxe Seqmna. Seqmnil viTa-

rebaSi aucilebeli iyo iranis Sekaveba, romlis valde-

2არსებობდა შაჰის პერიოდის ბირთვული სტრატეგიაс, რომელიც ირანის„მშვიდობიან ბირთვულ აფეთქებას“ ისახავდა მიზნად.



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buleba arabul samyaros axalma gamokveTilma liderma

saudis arabeTma aiRo. 2003 wlidan dRemde saudis mmar-

Tvelma ojaxma miliardobiT dolaris „investicia“,diplomatiuri da politikuri Zalisxmeva gaiRo saer-TaSoriso asparezze, raTa ramdenime miznisTvis warma-

tebiT mieRwia: 1 - mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesa urTier-Tobebi Tavis Zvel konkurentebTan, TurqeTTan, egvip-

tesTan da yatarTan3; pakistanTan, sudanTan da maro-

kosTan Seqmna araformaluri gaerTianeba - „arabul sa-

xelmwifoTa bloki“, romelic mimarTulia iranis wina-

aRmdeg; 2 - xeli Seuwyo radikaluri sunituri mimdina-

reobebis, gansakuTrebiT vahabizmis gaZlierebas axlo

aRmosavleTis islamur saxelmwifoebSi (Friedman 2015),gansakuTrebiT im qveynebSic, sadac xelisuflebis sa-

TaveSi Siituri politikuri elitaa moqceuli, Tumca

mosaxleobis umravlesoba sunitebs Seadgens; 3 - xelsuwyobs mmarTveli sunituri politikuri Zalebis gaZ-

lierebas im arabul saxelmwifoebSi (bahreini, iemeni,erayi), sadac mosaxleobis umravlesoba Siizmis aRmsa-

rebelia. 2003 wlidan dRemde saudis arabeTi solidurfinansur da ekonomiur daxmarebas uwevs erayis mosax-

leobas, romelic imavdroulad sunituri Temis mxar-

3„ძმებ მუსლიმებთან“ კარგი დამოკიდებულების გამო.



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daWeris tolfasia. er-riadSi aRniSnul daxmarebas

„arabuli identobis“ gaZlierebiT iranis gavlenebis

Sekavebis aucileblobiT xsnian (Gfoeller 2009:3); 4 - da-

savleTis wamyvan saxelmwifoebTan (aSS, evrokavSiri),israelTan da TurqeTTan erTad aqtiurad aris CarTu-

li iranis birTvuli programis winaaRmdeg. saudisarabeTi mxars uWers mkacri ekonomikuri sanqciebis ga-

tarebas, riTac er-riadi imedovnebs ar mxolod bir-Tvuli programis ganviTarebis damuxruWebas, aramed,Teiranis finansur-ekonomikur daqveiTebas, rac iransaqtiuri sagareo politikis warmoebis saSualebas mo-

uspobs (mxedvelobaSia libanSi, siriaSi, eraySi, iemenSi

da bahreinSi sasurveli reJimebis damyareba). ekonomi-

kuri sanqciebis da diplomatiuri izolaciis garda,saudis mmarTveli ojaxi israelis msgavsad, SeerTebu-li Statebisgan daJinebiT iTxovda iranis birTvuli

programis samxedro gziT ganadgurebas. 2008 wlis ap-rilSi eraySi SeerTebuli Statebis elCTan raian kro-kerTan da general devid peteriusTan Sexvedris dros

saudis monarqma abdalah bin ab al-azizma yovelgvari

diplomatiuri mokrZalebis gareSe ganucxada maT, rom

vaSingtoni valdebulia „gvels (irans l.b) Tavi gauCeC-

qvos“ (Gfoeller 2009:3).



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amgvarad, birTvi saxelmwofos statusis mopove-bisaTvis aqtiurad mimdinareobs dapirispireba saudis

arabeTsa da irans Soris. maTi konfrontaciis asparezswarmoadgens regionis politikurad da ekonomikurad

arastabiluri saxelmwifoebi - erayi, siria-palestina,bahreini, iemeni, libani, avRaneTi da sxv. 2003 wlidandRemde saudis arabeTis mxardaWeriT erayis suniturisamxedro dajgufebebi da politikuri elita aqtiu-rad cdilobs premier ministr al maliqis xelisufle-

bis likvidacias. 2006 wels Siitebsa da sunitebs Soris

sistematiuri SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba daiwyo, ro-

melic mogvianebiT „teraqtebis omSi“ gadaizarda. 2011wels, rodesac SeerTebuli Statebis samxedro Zalebma

datova erayi, abu baqr al baRdadis meTaurobiT Cr.erayisa da siriis teritoriaze e.w. „siriisa da levan-

tis islamuri saxelmwifo“ Camoyalibda, romelmac aq-tiuri samxedo kampania wamoiwyo erayis xelisuflebis

winaaRmdeg.SedarebiT mwvaved ganviTarda movlenebi siria-

Si. 2011 wels „arabuli gazafxulis“ fonze, baSar alasadis reJimis opoziciurma suniturma Zalebma alavi-

ti (Siizmis erTerTi ganStoeba) mmarTvelis wianaR-

mdeg siriis qalaqebSi jer saprotesto aqciebi, xolo

mogvianebiT SeiaraRebuli brZola wamoiwyo. opozici-



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uri Zalebis garda (Tavisufali siriis armia), asadis

winaaRmdeg konfliqtSi CaerTo al-qaidas mier organi-

zebuli jebhat al nusras fronti, ahrar al Sami, isla-

muri fronti da islamuri saxelmwifo (daeSi), romleb-mac kontroli daaweses erayis mosazRvre siriis Crdi-

loeT provinciebze. siriis samoqalaqo omSi CarTulradikalur sunitur samxedro dajgufebebs aqtiurmxardaWras uwevs sparseTis yuris arabuli saxelmwi-

foebi, gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobs er-riadi. regiona-

luri TvalsazrisiT, saudis arabeTs gaaCnia samxedro-politikuri da ekonomikuri resursi Seakavos iranis

mzardi gavlena regionSi. Tavis mxriv, irani cdilobslibanis hezbolasTan erTad baSar al asdis reJimis Se-

narCunebas. iranis islamuri respublika aqtiur finan-sur da samxedro daxmarebas uwevs siriis saxelisuf-leblo Zalebs. asadis momxre Zalebi cocxali ZaliTmniSvnelovan Sevsebas iReben regionis saxelmwifoTa

Siituri Temebisagan.amgvarad, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axlo aR-

mosavleTis regionSi aqtiurad mimdinareobs brZola

gavlenebisTvis, arsebuli wesrigisa da ZalTa balansis

transformaciisaTvis, romelic „arabuli gazafxulis“fonze mniSvnelovnad gamoikveTa. swored, arabul sam-yaroSi reJimebis cvlilebis dros gamoCnda Tu ramde-

nad Rrma da mwvavea religiur-politikuri dapirispi-



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reba axlo aRmosavleTis wamyvans saxelmwifoebs Sorisda ramdenad aris igi dakavSirebuli xangrZliv brZo-

lasTan, romelic birTvi saxelmwifos statusisaTvis

mimdinareobs. garda amisa, postbipolarul saerTaSo-riso urTierTobebSi axlo aRmosavleTi wamyvani sa-xelmwifoebis mometebuli interesebis zonis statuss

inarCunebs. regionSi mimdinare rigi samxedro-politi-

kuri procesebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom aqtiuri riskisstatusis mTavar geopolitikur aqtorebs aq permanen-tuli arsebobis Sanss unarCunebs.

literatura

d. pataraia, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi. discipli-

na da Teoria, gamomc. „arete“, Tbilisi 2015;Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and Remaking

of World Order, Pub. By Simon and Shuster, NY 1996;Donald Neff, „The U.S., Iraq, Israel and Iran: Backdrop to the

War”, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Summer), pp. 23-41,published by University of California Press;

Hussein Sirriyeh, „US Policy in the Gulf 1968-1877, Aftermath ofBritish Withdrawal“, Published by Ithaca Press, London 1984;

Henry A. Kissinger, „The Persian Gulf”, Memorandum for thePresident, October 22, 1970. Source: Library of Congress, ManuscriptDivision, Kissinger Papers, Box CL-315, NSC Files, National SecurityMemoranda, NSDMS 11/70-9/71. Secret. Sent for action. Tab A, the draftdecision memorandum, is not published, but the final version is published



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as Document 97.mis.http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve04/comp1;

Trita Parsi, Treacherous Alliance. The Secret dealings of Israel,Iran and The United States, Publ. by Yale University Press, 2007;

SAUDI KING ABDULLAH AND SENIOR PRINCES ON SAUDI POLICYTOWARD IRAQ, MEMORANDUM FM AMEMBASSY RIYADHTO RUEHC/SECSTATEWASHDC /IMMEDIATE/, SECRET, RIYADH 000649. E.O. Classified By: CDAMichael Gfoeller, Reasons 1.4 (b,d). Source: http://www.wikileaks.ch

Geneive Abdo, The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings andthe Rebirth of the Shi’a-Sunni Divide, Analysis Paper, №29, Apr. 2013.Published by The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings

Thomas Friedman, Our Radical Islamic BFF, Saudi Arabia, NewYork Times, Sept. 2, 2015. Source:http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/02/opinion/thomas-friedman-our-radical-islamic-bff-saudi-arabia.html;

Lasha Bazhunaishvili

Geopolitical Collisions in the Middle EastResume

The Article describes struggle between Middle East SuperStates - Iran and Saudi Arabia for Status of “Core State” of so-calledIslamic Civilization. In most cases considered, thatduring and post-Cold warperiod political and military events developed in the regionlinked with interest of Western Countries (the US, USSR/Russia andEEC/EU), if, however, we understand nature of the problem is



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obvious,, that regional conflicts, crises, destabilization and threats arelinked with struggling for leadership of two regional leader states –Iran and Saudi Arabia.Mostly, this confrontation becomes effectivetool for Great Powers to influence on regional developments anduse it for their own interests.

Лаша Бажунаишвили

Геополитические Коллизии на Ближнем ВостокеРезюме

Актуальной проблемой постбиполярных международ-ных отношений Ближневосточного региона является борьбаведущих стран данного региона за приобретение статуса«государства-лидера», который параллельно с военно-политической конфронтацией, носит этнокультурный ирелигиозный характер. Именно поэтому данноепротивостояние, возможно, рассматривать, как внутреннийцивилизационный конфликт, который создает нестабильныйфон в регионе.



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evrokavSirSi migraciuli nakadisregulirebis meqanizmebi

kaxaber surgulaZe

„siriis omma" da mis kvalobaze evrokavSirSi ga-nviTarebulma globaluri masStabebis migraciulmaprocesebma, sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenebis farTovnebaTa Relvis saganad iqca. aseT fonze, interess iw-vevs im berketebi naxva, riTac SesaZlebelia migraciisda migrantebis farTo nakadis Sekaveba zogadad evro-kavSirSi da masSi Semaval calkeul qveynebSi.

saerTod, unda SevniSnoT, rom zogadad migraci-is da migrantebis nakadis mimarT evrokavSirSi Semava-li qveynebi iyeneben ormagi standartis politikas. sa-kiTxs isic arTulebs, rom garegnulad evrokavSiri damasSi Semavali calkeuli qveynebi TiTqos ar saWiroe-ben „zedmeti moqalaqis" arsebobas. arada, aSkaraa, romaraevropuli regionebidan isini cdiloben miizidonsxvadasxva saxis inteleqtualebi. aseve mosaxleobissapensio ricxvis zrdis, anu „gadaberebis" gamo, evropaukve saWiroebs iaf muSaxels. erTis mxriv, zogadevro-puli faseulobebiT gansazRvrulia TiToeuli adamia-nis Tavisufali gadaadgileba, meores mxriv, SengeniszonaSi migraciul nakadze dawesebuli aris mkacri Se-zRudvebi.



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ormagi standartebis miuxedavad, erTi udavoa,rom problemis gadaWra gulisxmobs migraciis da mi-grantebis nakadis normatiul-samarTlebrivi xasiaTisregulirebas da integraciuli zomebis miRebas. pir-velSi igulisxmoba migraciis raodenobrivi Semadgen-lobaze uSualo zemoqmedeba, xolo meoreSi xarisxob-rivi cvlilebebi da migrantebis integrirebas abori-

gen mosaxleobaSi [Царёва, 2015:30].normatiul-samarTlebriv berketebSi igulis-

xmeba sxvadasxva saxis saerTaSoriso sakanonmdeblo aq-tebi. saerTod, XX-XXI s-bis mijnaze migraciuli poli-tikis sferoSi saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobam mniSvne-lovani cvlilebebi ganicada. masSi ZiriTadad gamoyo-fen mxolod samarTalwarmoebis universalur saerTaS-iriso aqtebs da migrantebis statusis maregulirebeldokumentebs.

ltolvilTa problemebi da mis niadagze ganvi-Tarebuli migraciuli procesebi kacobriobis istori-is Tanaarsebobis nawilia. amis miuxedavad, am sferoSipirveli saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis aqti miiRes mxo-lod 1921 wels. samecniero literaturaSi SeniSnulia,rom migraciuli procesebis samarTlebrivi regulire-ba sakiTxi erT-erTi rTuli mimarTulebaa da igi saTa-

ves iRebs e.w. „ltolvilTa samarTlisgan" (Refugee Law).migrantTa sakiTxi, romelic fiqsirdeboda jer kideverTa ligis aqtebSi, 1951 wlis gaeros konvenciiT da1967 wlis oqmebiT problemis gadaWris universaluri



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safuZvlis saxe miiRo [Ястребова А., 2007:172]. arsebiTad,samecniero literaturaSi dReisTvis mkafiod aris ga-mijnuli migranti, ltolvili da a.S. sxva cnebebi.

udavoa, rom migraciul procesebs ra kuTxiTacar unda SevxedoT, misi gadaWrisas yovelTvis amosava-li rCeba gaeros mier 1948 wlis adamianis uflebebaTasayovelTao deklaracia", evrokavSiris zogadi da ka-vSirSi Semavali calkeuli qveynebis kanonmdeblobebi.gaeros deklaraciiT: `yvela adamians aqvs nebismierisaxelmwifos farglebSi Tavisufali mimosvlisa dacxovrebis ufleba" (muxli 13.1). aseve „yvelas aqvs uf-leba eZios devnisgan TavSesafari sxva qveyanaSi daisargeblos am TavSesafriT" (muxli 14.1) [adamianis uf-lebebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia:9-10].

Zogadad, sazogadoebisTvis migraciis da migra-ntebis farTo nakadis daregulirebis sakiTxebis mni-Svnelobis Sesaxeb gaeros mxridan sxvadasxva dros mi-Rebulia araerTi rezoliciebi. erT-erTi maTgania1965 wels miRebuli konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaci-is yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb. am konvenciiTmoxda winare aqtebiT gamoTqmuli postulatebis Se-magreba. aqve SevniSnavT, rom uSualod migrantebis uf-lebebi Semagrebulia gaeros mier daarsebuli SromiTiurTierTobebis regulirebis specialuri dawesebule-

bis (International Labour Organization) mier miRebuli konven-ciebiT (№97, 1949; №143, 1975) da sxva aqtebiT

[http://www.conventions.ru/view_base.php?id=278]].



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zemonaxsenebi sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT zogadadgamagrebuli iqna migrantebis uflebebis dacvis meqa-nizmebi da ganisazRvra garkveuli standartebic, ro-melTa dacva subieqt saxelmwifoebisTvis normebad iq-ca. amis garda, saerTaSoriso normebiT ganisazRvra sa-xelmwifoebis uflebebi TavianT teritoriebze migra-ntebis Sesvlis, cxovrebis da saqmianobis Sesaxeb. swo-red igi xsnisa evrokavSirSi arsebul Tavis normatul-samarTlebriv meqanizmebs, romlebic amatebs saerTa-Soriso deklarirebul principebs zogad samarTalga-

moyenebis praqtikiT [Царёва, 2015:32].evrokavSiris teritoriaze regionaluri mni-

Svnelobis ZiriTadi dokumenti, romliTac xdeba mi-graciis uSualod regulireba aris 1977 wlis evropu-li konvencia migrantebis statusis Sesaxeb konvenciaaqcentirebulia migrantebis Sromis da cxovrebis uf-lebebis Tanasworobis sakiTxebze. niSandoblivia, romaRniSnul konvencias, iseve rogorc saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis sxva aqtebs, aqvT mxolod sarekomendacio xa-siaTi.

SeniSnulia, rom aralegaliri migraciis sawina-aRmdegod evropuli saxelmwifoebis ukanaskneli wlee-bis gamocdilebam aCvena problemis unificirebis au-

cilebloba [Царёва, 2015:33]. am mxriv, aralegaluri mig-raciis sawinaaRmdego berketebi evrokavSiris sakanon-mdeblo baza figulirdeba 2002-2009 wlebSi miRebulidireqtivebiT da konvenciebiT (№90, 28.11.2002; №115,



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16.12.2008; №52, 18.06.2009 da a.S). am dokumentebiT ucxoqveynis teritoriaze ukanonod Sesuli fizikuri daiuridiuli pirebi, aseve imigrantTa aralegaluriSromis damqiravleblebze, vrceldeba sxvadasxva admi-nistraciul-samarTlebrivi sanqciebi.

niSandoblivia, rom evrokavSiris qveynebSi sxva-dasxva erovnebis aralegalebis yofna ganpirobebuliaistoriuli (kolonialuri, ekonomikuri..) garemoebi-Tac. ase mag., safrangeTSi ZirTtadSi midian yofiliCrd. afrikuli koloniebidan (alJiri, tunisi). germa-niaSi ltolvilTa umetesoba aris TurqeTidan da yo-fili iugoslaviis qveynebidan. espaneTSi marokodan dasamxreT amerikuli koloniebidan, xolo britaneTSiumetesad afrikidan (Nnigeria...) da samxreT aziidan (in-

doeTi...) [Царёва, 2015:39; Юдина, 2006].cxadia, migraciis Sedegad evrokavSiris gamrava-

lerovnebam, rac gamowveuli iyo e.w. multikulturu-li politikiT, warmoSva sapirispiro eTnokultiruliproblemebic. mis niadagze garTulebebis Tavidan asa-cileblad evropuli imigraciuli samarTlis ageba da-iwyo Sengenis SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. arsebirad Sen-genis sistema SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc migraci-is daregulirebis saerTaSoriso regionaluri sistema

[Ястребова А., 2007:174].marTalia sasazRvro daregulirebis sakiTxSi

dReisTvis SedarebiT warmatebis moqmedebs SengenisSeTanxmeba, rac gulisxmobs problemisken erTian mid-



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34

gomas, magram mxedvelobaSi isic aris misaRebi, rom ev-rokavSirSi Semavali saxelmwifoebi tavianTi erovnu-li Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare erTmaneTSi Tan-xmdebian mxolod zogad principebSi.

dasasrul SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom dReisaTvis ev-rokavSiri warmoadgens saxelmwifoTa gaerTianebisgansakuTrebul formas, romelsac gaaCnia saerTaSori-so dokumentebze (konvenciebi, aqtebi…...) dafuZnebulimigraciis procesis da migraciuli (legaluri da ara-legaluri) nakadis regulirebis gansakuTrebuli sama-rTlebrivi meqanizmebi. yvela es samarTlebrivi aqtidrois moTxovnebs pasuxobs da maTi migraciuli pro-cesis problemis simwvavis SemTxvevaSi mosalodneliaris sakanonmdeblo bazis Semdgomi cvlileba.

ლiteratura

adamianis uflebebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

(http://ungeorgia.ge/uploads/UDHR-60Geo.pdf);Царёва Е., Особенности миграционной политики Италии

на современном этапе (кандидатская диссертация, рукопись),М., 2015;

Ястребова А., Правовие аспекты межлисциплинарногоизучения миграционных процессов с. 171-183, Методология иметоды изучения миграционных процессов, М., 2007;

Юдина Т., Социология миграции, М., 2006;http://www.conventions.ru/view_base.php?id=2



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Кахабер Сургуладзе

Механизмы регулирования миграционных потоков вЕвросоюзе

Резюме

В статье речь идет о механизмах регулирование свя-занных с над миграционных процессов глобального масштабаразвишихся в Евросоюзе. Отмечено, что решение проблемы по-дразумевает нормативно-правовое регулирование (Всеобщаядекларация прав человека, принятая Генеральной АссамблеейООН 10.12.1948, Общее законодательство Евросоюза и вхо-дивших в нею отдельных государств), а также принятие инте-грационных мер. В первом случае подразумеваетса непо-средственное воздействие на количественный состав миграции,во-втором качественные изменения и интеграция мигрантов вместное население.



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Kakhaber Surguladze

Mechanisms for regulating migration flow to the EuropeanUnionResume

The article is about mechanisms for regulation of globalmigration flow to the European Union. It is mentioned that solutionof the problem needs normative-legal regulation (the United Nationsuniversal declaration of human rights of 1948, the common EU andMember States’ legislation) as well as integration measures. The firstimplies direct impact on quantity of migration flow and the secondimplies qualitative changes and integration of migrants in localpopulation.



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eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTareba, rogorcsaxelmwifo mmarTvelobis reformirebis

elementi aWaris magaliTze

irakli manveliZegiga fartenaZe

giorgi qaTamaZe

Tanamedrove etapze, sainformacio sazogadoebisganviTarebis procesi saqarTveloSi did gavlenas ax-

dens saxelmwifo marTvis sistemis funqcionirebaze.Sesabamisad, did mniSvnelobas iZens sainformacio -sa-

komunikacio teqnologiebi, ramac unda uzrunvelyos

saxelmwifo aparatis muSaobis efeqturobis amaRleba,misi urTierTmoqmedeba moqalaqeebTan da sxvadasxva

dawesebulebebTan. amasTan, umniSvnelovanesi amocanaxdeba biurokratizaciis da korufciis aRmofxvra sa-

xelmwifo samsaxurSi. am konteqstSi mTavar rols Ta-maSobs eleqtronuli mTavrobis Seqmna da efeqturi

funqcionireba. misi mTavari Rirseba ki iqneba xeli-

suflebisadmi sazogadoebis ndobis amaRleba.saqarTvelos xelisufleba informaciuli sazo-

gadoebis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebas, msoflios informa-ciul sivrceSi aqtiur integrirebas qveynis ganviTare-

bis strategiis – demokratiuli, Tavisufali, samar-



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Tlebrivi saxelmwifos mSeneblobis, sazogadoebrivi,ekonomikuri da socialuri winsvlis, adamianuri re-

sursebis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes winapirobad,safuZvlad da prioritetad aRiarebs.

eleqtronuli mTavroba upirvels yovlisa, aris

im dokumentebiT muSaobis avtomatizacia, risTvisacmoqalaqeebi mimarTaven saxelmwifo uwyebebs sxvadas-

xva cnobebis, licenziebis da sxva formaluri aqtebis

miRebisTvis, maTi gansazRvruli saqmianobis dakano-

nebisTvis. amave dros moqalaqeebisaTvis es aris Se-

saZlebloba Tvali miadevnon maT gancxadebis, Txovnis,winadadebebis, moTxovnebis Semdgom msvlelobas. aqe-

dan gamomdinare, eleqtronuli mTavroba, es aris sa-xelmwifo marTvis formebis da meTodebis erToblio-

ba, momsaxureba gauwios moqalaqeebs, organizaciebs da

xelisuflebis sxva organoebs sainformacio - sakomu-nikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT SeTavazebulimomsaxurebis da uwyebaTSoris organizaciis optimi-

zaciis mizniT. amave dros gazardos sazogadoebis mo-

nawileobis done saxelmwifo marTvis sferoSi. Tana-

medrove etapze eleqtronuli mTavroba ganixileba,rogorc mmarTvelobis instrumenti da marTvis proce-

sebis ganxorcielebis sistema, rogorc krizisis, po-



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litikuri ryevebis socialur-ekonomikuri gamowveve-

bis marTvis efeqturi forma4.teqnologiurma Zvrebma ara marto ekonomikis,

aramed sazogadoebis socialuri Semadgenlobac Sec-

vala, ramac axali gamowvevebisa da amocanebis winaSedaayena qveynebis politikuri sistemebi da maTi mmar-

Tvelobis reJimebi. informaciuli teqnologiebisa dakomunikaciebis uprecedento zrdis Sedegia cifrulidemokratiisa da eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis damkvid-

reba dasavleTis saxelmwifoebSi. eleqtronuli mmar-Tveloba efuZneba informaciisa da komunikaciaTa teq-

nologiebis gamoyenebas qveynis marTvis procesSi. is

moicavs rogorc adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas, asevesaxelmwifo mmarTvelobas erovnul doneze da uSua-

lod ukavSirdeba saxelmwifoTaSoris urTierTobebs.misi ZiriTadi instrumentebia cifruli teqnologiebi

da globaluri komunikaciuri sistemebi, rac saSuale-bas iZleva Seiqmnas saxelmwifo organizaciebis veb-

gverdebi, ganTavsdes informacia maTi saqmianobis, bi-

ujetebis mdgomareobis, konkursebis, vakansiebis Sesa-

xeb, xelmisawvdomi gaxdes mniSvnelovani movlenebi,axali ambebi da a.S. es ki uprecedentod zrdis xalxis

4 რა ტი ა ბ ულა ძ ე , საქართველოს ელექტრონული მთავრობისგამოწვევები.



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monawileobis SesaZleblobas qveynis marTvis saqmeSi5.mTavrobis mimarT ndobis amaRlebis da kargi mmarTve-

lobisa da demokratiis gaZlierebis mizniT, mTlian sa-

zogadoebas (moqalaqeebi, sazogadoebrivi jgufebi, sa-

moqalaqo organizaciebi da biznesi) unda SeeZlos mo-nawileoba miiRos sajaro gadawyvetilebebis miRebasa

da politikis SemuSavebaSi.2006 wlis martis saqarTvelos prezidentis

brZanebulebiT efeqtiani mmarTvelobis sistemis da

teritoriuli mowyobis reformis centri Seiqmna, ro-

melmac SeimuSava konceptualuri dokumentebi, rogo-

ricaa: saqarTvelos informatizaciis saxelmwifo kon-cefciis proeqti da eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis kon-

cefcia. 2007 wlidan mniSvnelovani nabijebis gadadgma

eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT.Seiqmna ელექტრონული მთავრობის განვითარებისმხარდამჭერი სამთავრობო komisia, 2010 wels ki saqar-

Tvelos iusticiis saministroSi Camoyalibda. saagen-

tos erT-erT ZiriTad funqcias eleqtronuli mTavro-

bis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba warmoadgens. mas Semdegsaxelmwifom eleqtronuli mTavrobis proeqtebis

mniSvnelovani ricxvi ganaxorciela, maT So-

5 ქ ე თე ვ ა ნ რ ო ს ტ ი ა შ ვ ი ლი , ე ლე ქ ტ რ ო ნ უ ლი მ მ ა რ თვ ე ლო ბ ას ა ქ ა რ თვ ე ლო შ ი : მ ს ო ფ ლი ო ტ ე ნ დე ნ ც ი ე ბ ი , https://idfi.ge/ge/e-governance-in-georgia-world-tendencies



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ris my.gov.ge, hr.gov.ge, eauction.ge, rs.ge. gaeros eleq-tronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis maCveneblis Tanax-

mad, saqarTvelo 2012 wels 72-e adgilidan 2014 wels 56-adgilze avida.

eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi ukanas-knel aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi gadadgmuli konkretu-

li, Tundac arakoordinirebuli, zogjer usistemo,magram mainc seriozuli nabijebis bevri kargi magali-

Tia rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo seqtorSi, maT So-

ris centralur, seqtorul da regionalur doneze.CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi swored regionaluri donis

analizia mniSvnelovani.amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa regionaluri

eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis arsebuli mdgo-

mareoba aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi. 2014 welsSeqmna aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis erTiani sam-

Tavrobo portali. am kuTxiT regioni msgavsi tipis

proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi pioneria qveyanaSi.zogadad, saqarTveloSi eleqtronuli CarTu-

lobis oTxi mTavari sferoa gansazRvruli: ukukavSiri

eleqtronul servisebTan mimarTebaSi, eleqtronuli

servisebis SemuSavebaSi CarTuloba, Ria monacemebi,gamWvirvaloba, Ria mmarTveloba da bolos, gadawyve-

tilebis miReba da politikis SemuSaveba.



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ukukavSiris meqanizmebi SeiZleba moicavdes Sem-

degs: komentirebis/saCivris saSualeba, anu veb gverdis

bolo Tavi, CamosaSleli meniu servisis miwodebis Sem-

deg da a.S.; onlain Catebi an swrafi mokle teqsturi

Setyobinebis funqcia; forumebi, blogebi; onlain

kvleva an konsultaciebi; onlain gamokiTxvebi; socia-

luri mediis gamoyeneba. portal www.adjara.gov.ge–ze araris ganTavsebuli zemoTdasaxelebuli erTi ukukavSi-

ris meqanizmic ki. Tu ar CavTvliT iseT moZvelebul

serviss, rogoricaaa ,,mogvwereT“. amave dros yvelas

gaaCnia oficialuri feisbuq-gverdebi. Tumca isini araris gaTvlili konkretuli momsaxurebebisa Tu mom-

xmareblis segmentze. Cvens mier Catarebuli eleqtro-

nuli CarTulobis kvlevis mixedviT, erTian portalzewarmodgenili sajaro institutebis vebgverdebi Ziri-

Tadad orientirebulia calmxriv komunikaciaze, racgamoixateba informaciis gacvlaSi da ar uzrunvel-

yofs iseTi ganxilvis platformas, rogoricaa blog-forumebi. im veb gverdebis umravlesobas, romlebzec

monitoringi Catarda, ar aqvs onlain servisebis Sefa-

sebis formebi, romlis meSveobiTac moxdeba problemisidentificireba da aRniSnuli problemis gadaWris

gzebis Zieba moqalaqeebTan erTad. vebgverds www.ad-

jara.gov.ge ar aqvs specialuri moduli, romelic sa-



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Sualebas miscems yvela msurvels, datovos komentari

sxvadasxva samTavrobo gadawyvetilebebis, proeqtebis,RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb da am gziT gamoxatos Tavisi mo-

sazreba. veb-gverdi ar moicavs eleqtronul petici-

ebs.regionSi eleqtronuli mTavrobis danergva se-

riozul problemebs awydeba. kvlevam gamoavlina orga-

nizaciuli, teqnikuri, socialuri da meToduri xasia-

Tis problemebi. romlebic mocemul etapze qmnis seri-ozul barierebs da xels uSlis eleqtronuli mTavro-

bis efeqtur ganviTarebas. aRsaniSnavia Sesabamisi sa-

kadro resursis aryola, centrsa da regions Soris Se-

sabamisi programebis miznebis gansxvavebuloba, moqa-laqeTa naklebi gaTviTcnobierebuloba eleqtronuli

mTavrobis proeqtis Sesaxeb da a.S.mniSvnelovani pozitiuri Zvrebis miuxedavad,

aWaris regionSi Tanamedrove sainformacio-sakomuni-kacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebis saerTo mdgomareo-

ba aradamakmayofilebelia. regionis informaciul ga-

remo, SeiZleba Sefasdes rogorc demokratizebis mi-

marTulebiT gardaqmnis stadiaSi myofi, romelic gar-

kveuli progresis miuxedavad, saWiroebs seriozul re-

formebs Tanamedrove sainformacio-sakomunikacio

teqnologiebze dafuZnebis TvalsazrisiT. arsebuli



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realoba es aris arasistemuri, strategiulad gaumiz-

navi arakoordinirebuli nabijebi; isini ufro metad

warmoadgenen “stiqiur“, vidre erTian, mizanmimarTul,sistemur process. aqedan gamomdinare, unda Seiqmnas

strategiuli dokumenti ,,aWaris eleqtronuli mTav-

roba“, romelic uzrunvelyofs regionSi eleqtronu-li mTavrobis ganviTarebis procesis garkveul siste-

maSi moqcevas.,,aWaris eleqtronuli mTavroba“, rogorc sa-

xelmwifo marTvis axali sistema, unda Seiqmnas mosax-leobisTvis saxelmwifo momsaxurebis xarisxis da

efeqturobis gazrdis, saxelmwifo organoebis saqmia-

nobis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebulobis mizniT.agreTve saxelmwifo organoebis sxvadasxva doneebs

Soris efeqturi uwyebaTSorisi urTierTobebisTvis.sakuTriv eleqtronuli mTavroba warmoadgens siste-

mas, romelsac struqturaSi aqvs Sida da gare kontu-

rebi.eleqtronuli mTavrobis Sida konturi es aris

daxuruli sistema, romelic gankuTvnilia mxolod sa-

xelmwifo aparatis Sida moxmarebisTvis. is moicavs

programul-aparatul kompleqs, romelSic daculia

monacemebi. yvelaferi es uzrunvelyofs efeqturs

uwyebaTSoris urTierTobebs. Sida konturis far-



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glebSi moqmedebs Semdegi sistemebi: eleqtronuli do-

kumentbrunvis erTiani uwyebaTSorisi sistema, mTav-robis sainformacio analitikuri sistema da misi geo-

sainforamcio sistema.dokumentis ,,aWaris eleqtronuli mTavrobis

strategiis“ ganxorcieleba unda daefuZnos ara mar-

to konceptualur da instrumentalur, aramed, samar-

Tlebriv safuZvlebsac. unda Seiqmnas samarTlebriv

normatiuli baza, romelic uzrunvelyofs eleqtro-nuli mTavrobis instrumentaluri bazis formirebas

da, romelic, pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs eleqtronulidokumentbrunvis erTiani uwyebaTSoris regionaluri

sistemis Seqmnas. amave dros samarTlebrivi normiT un-da gansazRvros uwyebaTSoris urTierTobebSi gamosa-

yenebeli dokumentebis saxeobaTa CamonaTvali. eleq-tronuli dokumentbrunvis erTiani uwyebaTSoris re-gionaluri sistemis Seqmna daaregulirebs regiona-

lur saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebs, adgilob-rivi TviTmmarvelobis da sazogadoebriv organizaci-ebs Soris urTierTobebs da uzrunvelyofs regionis

yvela saxelmwifo uwyebis erTian saqmiswarmoebas.saxelmwifo xelisuflebis sainformacio-anali-

tikurma sistemam unda uzrunvelyos mmarTvelobiTi

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis efeqturi mxardaWera, ro-

melic unda daefuZnos aWaris regionis socialur-eko-



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nomikuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebis

analizs, monitorings da damuSavebas.aWaris regionis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis or-

ganoebis geoinformaciuli sistema unda warmoadgen-

des im informaciis marTvis instruments, romlis sa-fuZvelzec Seiqmneba erTiani geoinformaciuli siv-

rce, romelic gaaerTianebs avtonomiuri da municipa-luri donis mmarTvelobiT organoebis da uwyebebis

monacemTa bazebs erToblivi gamoyenebis sistemaSi.yvelaferi es saSualebas mogvcems racionalurad dai-

gegmos da miRebul iqnes efeqturi gadawyvetilebebi,maT Soris calkeuli teritoriebis optimaluri mar-

Tvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisTvisac. uwyebaT-Soris muSaobis efeqturobis amaRlebisTvis aucilebe-lia yvela municipalitetSi dainergos videosakonfe-rencio kavSirebis sistema sxvadasxva donis TaTbire-

bis Catarebis uzrunvelyofisTvis.,,eleqtronuli mTavrobis“ gare konturi war-

moadgens sistemas, romelic erTis mxriv, Seicavs mo-saxleobisTvis aucilebeli informaciis farTo

speqtrs regionis mTavrobis, saxelmwifo organoebis,samarTlebriv-normatiuli bazis, sacnobaro informa-

ciis, sxvadasxva movlenebis Sesaxeb, xolo meores

mxriv, iZleva saSualebas eleqtronuli resursebis ga-moyenebiT sxvadasxva saxis saxelmwifo momsaxurebis



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miRebis SesaZleblobas. gare konturi warmoadgens Riasistemas da wvdoma dasaSvebia yvela kategoriis mom-

xmareblisTvis. is Sedgeba rigi Ria internet resurse-

bisagan. mocemulma konturma aseve unda moicvas ram-

denime sistema: aWaris mTavrobis erTiani portali,municipalitetebis portali, q. baTumis meriis da sak-

rebulos portalebi, aWaris umaRlesi sabWos portali

da saxelmwifo momsaxurebis portali. mTavrobis por-

tali es aris mTavrobis aparatis, saministroebis da

saqveuwyebo dawesebulebebis oficialuri veb-gverde-

bis erToblioba, romelmac moqalaqeebs da biznesstruqturebs unda miawodos yvela aucilebeli in-

formacia mTavrobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifomomsaxurebis portalma moqalaqeebsa da ekonomikur

subieqtebs unda miawodos ara marto informacia, ara-med instruqcia saxelmwifo momsaxurebis servisebis

da maTi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.aWaris municipaluri veb-gverdebis gaerTiane-

bebis bazaze unda moxdes erTiani regionaluri muni-

cipaluri portalis Seqmna, romelic gaaerTianebs yve-

la sistemas. TiToeuli municipalitetis veb-gverdiunda Seicavdes zogad informacias municipalitetis

Sesaxeb, mis municipalur gaerTianebebis, marTvis or-

ganoebis, sxvadsxva statistikur monacemebis, mniSvne-



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lovani normatiuli dokumentebis teqstebis, ganxor-cielebul gegmebis da proeqtebis Sesaxeb informaci-

as. saitze aseve unda xdebodes Sesabamis municipali-tetSi dagegmili RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb informaciis

gacnobac. moqmed veb-gverdebze ganTavsebulia mxo-lod zogad informacias municipalitetis da mar-

Tvis organoebis Sesaxeb, isic sakamod mwiria. munici-palitetebis erTiani portalis da aWaris moqmedi er-Tiani samTavrobo portalebis gaerTianebis bazaze un-

da Seiqmna erTiani regionaluri portali - aWaris

eleqtronuli mTavrobis“ sistemis saxiT. aRniSnulsistemaSi unda moqmedebdes iseTi eleqtronuli ser-

visi, romelic moqalaqeebs da organizaciebs daexmare-ba pirdapir mimarTon maTTvis dainteresebul Sesaba-

mis kompetentur uwyebas saWiro sakiTxze. Tavis mxrivuwyebas eqneba SesaZlebloba operatiulad miiRos da

ganixilos mimarTva da gasces pasuxi.,,aWaris eleqtronuli mTavrobis“ proeqtis Se-

muSavebam da ganxorcielebam xeli unda Seuwyos moqa-laqeebisaTvis saxelmwifo momsaxurebis SeTavazebis

procesis optimizacias sainformacio-sakomunikacio

teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. aseve gazardos saxelmwi-fo xelisuflebis organoebis efeqturoba gadawyveti-lebis SemuSavebis da miRebis sferoSi regionis socia-

lur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. yvela-



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feri erTad mniSvnelovnad xels Seuwyobs biurokrati-

zaciis Semcirebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebis gaWianure-

bas, rasac xSirad awydebian saxelmwifo mosamsaxuree-

bi, regionis aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas SesaZleb-

lobas miscems gaakontrolos uwyebis qveda rgolebi,romlebic Rebuloben moqalaqeebis gancxadebebs da sa-

Civrebs. amis garda, rigi saxelmwifo servisebis SeTa-vazeba moxdeba uSulod eleqtronuli sistemis meSveo-

biT, rac gamoricxavs moqalaqeTa rigebs uwyebebSi

msgavsi servisebiT sargeblobis dros.amave dros arsebobs problemebi im moqalaqee-

bisTvis, romlebsac ar aqvT yovelTvis internetTanwvdoma an ar floben eleqtronuli resursebis Sesaba-

mis unarebs. Tumca es problemebi SeiZleba paralelurreJimSi mogvardes eleqtronuli terminalebis gan-Tavsebisa da Sesabamisi unarebis kvalifikaciis amaR-

lebis gziT.eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis, rogorc saxelmwi-

fo marTvis saSualebis srulyofis Sesaxeb saubrisas

aucilebelia aRiniSnos rigi faqtorebi, romelTa aR-

mofxvra xels Seuwyobs regionaluri da, zogadadeleqtronuli marTvelobis Sesaxeb programis efeq-

tur ganxorcielebas. pirveli, erTiani strategiis ar

arseboba, romelSic mkafiod iqneboda gansazRvrulicentraluri xelisuflebis regionebTan urTierTda-



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mokidebuleba msgavs programebTan dakavSirebiT. sau-baria saqarTvelos regionebSi msgavsi proeqtebis gan-

xorcielebaze da kompetenciebis gamijvnaze. is romregionebis araTanabari ganviTareba kidev ufro ar-

Tulebs rogorc centrTan, aseve sakuTriv regionebs

Soris urTierTobis mdgomareobas. mTlianobaSi kiarasakmarisi mcdelobaa saxelmwifos erTiani eleq-

tronuli arqiteqturis Seqmnaze.meore, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes efeqturi

sajaro servisis strategiaze im mizniT, rom mosaxleo-bisTvis SeTavazebuli iqnes axali mosaxerxebeli eleq-

tronuli servisebi, ramac unda uzrunvelyos moqala-qeTa eleqtronuli CarTuloba da Ria mmarTvelobis

Camoyalibeba; Sesabamisad unda Seiqmnas Sesabamisi in-

frastruqtura; gaZlierdes eleqtronuli usafrTxo-

eba; moqalaqeebSi unar–Cvevebis ganviTarebis xelSew-

yoba da eleqtronuli inkluzia. yvelaferma erTadunda moaxdinos cifruli momsaxurebis gamoyenebis aq-

tiuri xelSewyoba. aseve unda iqnes Seswavlili Tu ro-gori wvdoma aqvs mosaxleobas da rogor iyeneben

www.adjara.gov.ge–s da SeTavazebul sxva efeqtian servi-

sebs. xelisuflebam aqcenti unda gaakeTos moqalaqeeb-

ze orientirebuli servisebis danergvaze, cifruli

uTanasworobis aRmofxvraze, momxmarebelTa internet

unarebis gaumjobesebaze, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis



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danergili servisebis moxmarebis efeqturobas. prio-riteti unda mieniWos mTavrobasa da moqalaqeebs So-

ris (G2C) efeqtian serviss da onlain servisebis xelmi-

sawvdomobas portal www.adjara.gov.ge –s meSveobiT.aseve mniSvnelovani iqneba eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomobis zrda mTeli regionis masStabiT

iusticiis saxlebSi, sazogadoebriv centrebsa da bib-lioTekebSi ganTavsebuli TviTmomsaxurebis aparate-

bis meSveobiT, agreTve iseTi komerciuli arxebis meS-

veobiT, rogoricaa gadaxdis aparatebi.amrigad, miuxedavad arsebuli xarvezebisa, aWa-

ris magaliTze Seqmnili erTiani samTavrobo portali,SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc regionaluri mTavrobisganviTarebis modeli saqarTveloSi da is SeiZleba mi-viCnioT rogorc saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis reformi-

rebis elementi saqarTveloSi. unda Seiqmnas regiona-luri eleqtronuli mTavrobis danergvis da ganviTa-

rebis saxelmwifo programa, romelic iqneba qveyanaSieleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis Semadgeneli na-

wili.



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Иракли МанвелидзеГига Фартенадзе

Георгий Катамадзе

Развитие электронного правительства, как примерэлемента реформирования государственного управления

на примере АджарииРезюме

Введение электронного правительства в регионесталкивается с серьезными проблемами. Проведенныеисследования выявили организационные, технические,социальные и методологические проблемы, которые создаютсерьезные препятствия на данном этапе и мешаютэффективному развитию электронного правительства.

Необходимо также отметить отсутствиесоответствующих кадровых ресурсов, различие программныхцелей между центром и регионами, ограниченнаяосведомленность граждан о проекте электронногоправительства и т.д.

Несмотря на некоторые позитивные сдвиги вАджарском регионе развитие современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий остается посредственным.



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Информационную среду региона, можно охарактеризоватькак переходный период к демократизации который, несмотряна определенный прогресс, нуждается в серьезномреформировании с точки зрения создания современныхинформационных и коммуникационных технологий.

Существующая реальность является не системной,стратегически непродуманной без скоординированныхшагов; они представляют «стихийное» действие, а нецеленаправленный системный процесс. Исходя из этого,необходимо создание стратегического документа«Электронное правительство Аджарии», который обеспечит врегионе процесс развития электронного правительства,подведение его под определенный процесс.

Документ «Стратегия электронного правительстваАджарии» должен иметь не только концептуальные иинструментальные, но также законные основания.Необходимо создать правовую нормативную базу, котораяобеспечит формирование инструментальной базыэлектронного правительства и которая, в первую очередь,подразумевает создание единой региональноймежведомственной системы электронного документооборота.

В тоже время правовыми нормами должноопределяться в межведомственных отношениях перечисление



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используемые виды документов. Создание единойрегиональной межведомственной системы электронногодокументооборота будет способствовать регуляцииотношений между государственной властью, местнымсамоуправлением и общественными организациями,обеспечит единым документооборотом все государственныеучреждения.

Irakli ManvelidzeGiga PhartenadzeGiorgi Katamadze

Development of electronic governance as an element ofreforming state governance according to the Adjarian

exampleResume

Establishment of electronic governance in the region isfacing serious problems. Organizational, technical, social andmethodological problems have been identified after the research.These problems currently create serious barriers and prevent thedevelopment of effective e-governance. Lack of human resources,difference in program targets of the centre and the region, lack ofcitizens’ awareness about the project of electronic governance areother issues that should be mentioned.



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In spite of positive changes the overall situation concerningdevelopment of modern information-communication technologies inAdjara is not satisfactory. The information systems in the region canbe described as transforming in a democratic way which needsserious reforms. Current situation shows that unsystematic,uncoordinated actions were made which overall represents morechaotic rather than coordinated systematic process. Therefore, astrategic document “Adjarian Electronic Government” should becreated which will ensure systematic development of electronicgovernance in the region.

The implementation of the strategy of “Adjarian ElectronicGovernment” should be based on not only conceptual andinstrumental but also legal basics. A legal normative basis should becreated which will include formation of electronic government’sinstrumental basis as well as creation of united regional system ofelectronic document management. Meanwhile types of documentswhich would be used in inter institutional relations should be definedunder a legal norm. Creation of regional united system of e-filingwill regulate regional public institutions, relations between local self-government and public organizations as well as it will ensurecoordinated work of all regional public institutions.



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sruteebis geopolitika da axali wesrigiSav zRvaze

irakli gorgilaZe

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi Savi

zRvis sruteebis sakiTxi erT-erT umTavres geopoli-

tikuri problemad rCeba. brZola naosnobis reJimiskontrolze wamyvani saxelmwifoebis sagareo politi-

kis erTerTi umTavres orientirs warmoadgens.jer kidev lozanis samitze (1923) Savi zRvis sru-

teebis sakiTxi erT-erT wina planze iyo wamoweuli.sabWoTa ruseTi kategoriulad moiTxovda sruteebis

daxurvas yvela gemisTvis. didi britaneTi ki cdilob-

da Sav zRvaSi ''antantis'' gavlenis gazrdas. sabolood

TurqeTi daTanxmda, rom Savi zRvis sruteebis demili-tarizacias ganaxorcielebda da antantis samxedro

flotebisTvis, sruteebs gaxsnida.6

sakiTxi sabolood montrios konvenciam daaregu-

lira. konvenciis debulebebi erToblivad SeimuSaves:didma britaneTma, TurqeTma, safrangeTma, bulgareT-

ma, rumineTma, saberZneTma, iugoslaviam, avstraliam

da iaponiam.

6 Imperial Conference of 1923. http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/1923-Imperial-Conference.pdf



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montrios konvencia, romelic 1936 wlis 20 ivliss

Sveicariis qalaq montrioSi daido, aregulirebs ”Savi

zRvis sruteebis” statuss, romlebic TurqeTis suve-

renitetis qveSaa, magram Riaa yvela qveynis savaWro ge-

misTvis mSvidobian an saomar viTarebaSi (Tu TurqeTi

araa omis monawile). Tuki TurqeTi omis monawilea, im

qveynebis savaWro gemebs, romelebic ar arian TurqeT-

Tan omSi Cabmulni, SeuZliaT isargeblon sruteebSi

tranzitiT im pirobiT, rom neitralitets daicaven

(ar daexmarebian omis sxva monawileebs). marTalia yve-la monawile saxelmwifom aRiara sruteebze TurqeTis

gavlena, magram miuxedavad amisa, TurqeTs ufleba arhqonda sakuTari Sexedulebebisamebr ganesazRvra

sruteebSi, romelime qveynis flotis gatareba-arga-

tarebis sakiTxi. TurqeTs unda exelmZRvanela konven-

ciis debulebebiT.konvenciis ZaliT aseve mcire SezRudvebi dawes-

da SavizRvispira qveynebis samxedro flotebisTvis,xolo ara SavizRvispira qveynebis flotebisTvis mTe-

li rigi SezRudvebi SemuSavda: sruteebSi ver gaivlis

is xomaldi, romlis wyalwva aRemateba 15 aTas tonas,maTi raodenoba ki 9 erTeuls. araSavizRvispira qvey-



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nebs ufleba aqvT Sav zRvaSi dahyon mxolod 21 dRe.7

SavizRvispira qveynebs es SezRudva ar exebaT.8

kavkasia yovelTvis warmoadgenda Savi zRvis sru-teebis regionSi dominirebisa da masze kontrolis ga-

saRebs. amitom xelsayrel garemobebSi kavkasiasTan mi-

marTebiT yvela didi saxelmwifo avlenda Tavis Zalas.jer kidev I msoflio omis dasawyisSi arsebobda mTeli

kavkasiis xelaxla gadanawilebis gegmebi, razedac da-majereblad mowmobs axalgazrda TurqeTis xelmZRva-nelobis Ria dapirebebi ruseTis kavkasieli xalxebis-

Tvis, romlebsac arigebdnen im imediT, rom „kavkasiaSi

rusebis winaaRmdeg ajanydebian TaTrebi, qarTvelebi

da mTielebi“, da somxebsac sTavazobdnen maTTan Seer-

Tebas. omSi warmatebis SemTxvevaSi „rusebis gandevnis“Semdeg axalgazrda Turqebi pirdebodnen „Crdilo-da-

savleTSi Seiqmnas avtonomiuri saqarTvelo quTaisis,

7 Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits - JULY 20 TH, 1936.http://www.dailysabah.com/op-ed/2015/12/12/the-montreux-convention-regarding-the-regime-of-the-straits8 იმის გამო რომ 1952 - 1992 წლებში ბოსფორსა და დარდანელზე 444ავარია მოხდა და უმეტეს შემთხვევაში, გემებზე თურქი ლოცმანი არიმყოფებოდა. 1994 წლის 1 ივლისს თურქეთმა მიიღო სანაოსნომიმოსვლის სპეციალური დადგენილება: ''ყველა ის ხომალდი, რომელიცაპირებს გაიაროს შავი ზღვის სრუტეები (ბოსფორი და დარნდანელი)ვალდებულია სრუტეებში გავლამდე დაიქირაოს თურქი - ლოცმანი, რათასათანადოდ იყოს დაცული უსაფრთხოების ნორმები“.



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tfilisis, baTumisa da trapizonis gubrniis nawilis

farglebSi“, Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi „gamoiyos av-

tonomiuri muslimanuri olqi daRestnis, baqosa da

elizavetpolis guberniis nawilis SemadgenlobiT“ da,bolos, centralur nawilSi Seiqmnas „avtonomiuri

somxeTi erevnis, yarsis, elizavetpolis guberniis da-

savleT nawilisgan maTTvis arzrumis, vanisa da biTli-

sis vilaieTebis mimdebare nawilebis mierTebiT“9

globalurma cvlilebebma XX saukuneSi, pirvel-

yovlisa, ssrk daSlam da axali saerTaSoriso subieq-

tebis suverenizaciam gaaqtiura geopolitikuri, eko-

nomikuri, samxedro-strategiuli da ekologiuri xasi-

aTis problemebi, rac pirdapir ukavSirdeba Savi zRvis

regionisa da sruteebis sakiTxs.istoriuli sivrcis geopolitikuri saxis Senar-

Cunebis erTerT mTavar instruments warmoadgens sam-

xedro-strategiuli erTianoba. mas ayalibebs xelSek-

rulebebi erToblivi Tavdacvisa da kavSirebis Sesaxeb,romlebic mowmobs saerTo strategiuli interesebis

arsebobas, gansazRvravs mesame qveynebisadmi urTier-

Tvaldebulebebs. amis gaTvaliswinebiT interesTajgufebi seriozul gavlenas axdenen da ibrZvian evra-

9 Россия и Центральная Европа в новых геополитических реалиях. -კ ო ნ ფ ე რ ე ნ ც ი ი ს მ ა ს ა ლე ბ ი . narochnitskaia.ru



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ziaSi maTTvis momgebiani geopolitikuri konfigura-

ciis Seqmnaze.amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. aSS 2002 wlis

erovnuli usafrTxoebis strategiis mixedviT, Savi dakaspiis regionebi miCneulia mniSvnelovanad ara mxo-

lod navTobis maragebis, aramed indoeTisa da samxreT-aziis bazrebisaken gamavali gzebis gamo. aSS samxedroarseboba avRaneTidan saqarTvelomde zrdis vaSingto-

nis gavlenas regionSi. miznis misaRwevad arsebiTiaZalTa balansis cvla riTac miiRweva ruseTis gavlenis

Sesusteba ekonomikur, politikur da samxedro sfero-

ebSi. meore mniSvnelovani mizania ssr kavSiris daSlisSedegad aRmocenebuli damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebis

integracia evro-atlantikur struqturebSi. SedegadaSS mokavSireebTan erTad SeZleben dominirebuli po-

ziciis mopovebas aq, riTac moaxerxeben regionuli ba-

lansis dawolis centris Secvlas maT sasargeblod.10

Sedegad, Savi zRvis mniSvneloba aSS-sTvis mdgo-

mareobs SemdegSi:Savi zRvis sanapiroebidan SesaZlebeli gaxdeba

rogorc samxreTi aseve CrdiloeTi kavkasiis kontro-

10 Stephen Blank, Time for a Transatlantic Initiative, New Europe Review, გვ. 5



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li. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ki calkeuli probleme-

bis provocireba;aSS-s arsebobam Sav zRvaze SesaZlebelia waaxali-

sos ukraina, saqarTvelo, moldaveTi da a.S., SedegadSeZleben kidev ufro Zlierad gauwion winaaRmdegoba

ruseTs.ruseTis federacia. aSS moqmedebebi regionSi,

kerZod bazebis mSenebloba centralur aziaSi, samxed-

ro da teqnikuri daxmarebebi saqarTvelosTvis (stra-tegiulad mniSvnelovani navTobis transportirebis

saqmeSi) arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba ruseTis politikas.ramac am ukanasknels alternatiuli gadawyvetilebe-

bis miRebis aucilebloba ukarnaxa. vaSingtonis arse-

bobam (an gamokveTilma interesebma) aiZula moskovi Se-eqmna Sanxais organizacia da winaaRmdegoba gaewia mis-

Tvis regionSi.aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, ruseTisTvis kvlav

prioritetulia politikuri, ekonomikuri da samxed-

ro dominireba regionSi. moskovs sakuTari interese-bis Sesabamisad surs kontrolis uzrunvelyofa Sav

zRvispireTsa da kavkasiaSi, amiT TurqeTis, aSS-sa da

evrokavSiris poziciebis Sesusteba.evropis kavSiri. ek interesebi pirdapir Seesaba-

meba aq misi gafarToebis process. mas Semdeg rac orga-



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nizaciis subieqtebi gaxdnen aRmosavleT da centra-

luri evropis qveynebi ek-ma Savi zRvis regionis mezob-

lis statusi moipova. xolo 2007 wels rumineTisa dabulgareTis gaerTianebiT ki regionSi aqtiuri moTama-

Se gaxda.Savi zRva energetikuli gzebis perspeqtivaze

dgas, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ek-sTvis, ro-melic sakuTar energouzrunvelyofas gare aqtorebis

meSveobiT cdilobs, amdenad usafrTxoeba da stabilu-

roba regionSi mniSvnelovani komponentia, gansakuTre-

biT 2007 wlis Semdeg. garda amisa, ek cdilobs imigra-

ciis aRmosavleTi-dasavleTi xazis Sesustebas Savi

zRvidan. marTalia evropis konstituciis proeqtis wa-rumateblobam interesi nawilobriv Seasusta magram

arsebuli viTarebis analizi cxadhyofs, rom is Seinar-

Cunebs geopolitikuri aqtoris statuss aq.mimdebare qveynebi. aRniSnul problemasTan da-

kavSirebiT, TurqeTs, ukrainas, bulgareTs, rumineTsa

da saqarTvelos gansxvavebuli xedvebi gaaCniaT. Tumcaineteresebi identuria regionaluri stabilurobisa

da usafrTxoebis, mdgradi ganviTarebisa da transpor-

tirebis sakiTxebSi. aSS interesebi SesaZlebelia gage-

bul iqnas rogorc regionuli stabilurobis garanti,Sesabamisad amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis bazebma



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bulgareTsa da rumineTSi es qveynebi mniSvnelovan po-

ziciebze daayena. isic cnobilia, rom ukrainas, azerba-ijansa da saqarTvelos mniSvnelovnad uWers mxars da-savleTi rac inicirebul demokratiul reformebSi ai-

saxeba. amitom Sida dinamikis gauTvaliswineblad es

qveynebi importirebuli cvlilebebis reJimSi arian.miaCniaT ra, rom demokratizaciiTa da mdgradobiT

SeZleben ruseTis gavlenisgan Tavis daRwevas. damou-

kideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, ukrainam yvela Zala ix-

mara imisTvis, rom SeenarCunebina potsabWoTa samxed-

ro Zalebi sazRvao flotSi. kievis mcdeloba gaxdesdasavleTis nawili da amasTan energodamokidebulebaruseTze qveyanas arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi ag-

debs.11 rumineTi rogorc ormxrivi molaparakebis wev-

ri, aqtiur rols TamaSobs regionSi. agreTve is cdi-lobs damatebiTi ekonomikuri Semosavali miiRos ro-

gorc kaspiis, aseve konstante-trietskis navTobsade-

niT. bulgareTi ZiriTadad mxars uWers ek da aSS inte-

resebs regionSi, Tumca qveynis roli aRniSnul sakiT-

xTan dakavSirebiT (rumineTTan SedarebiT) pasiuria.

11 Ognyan Michev, "Transatlantic Strategy For Black Sea Stabilization AndIntegration", Ronald D. Asmus (ed.), A New Euro-Atlantic Strategy for the BlackSea Region, Washington; The German Marshall Fund of the U.S., 2004, გვ.92



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TurqeTma, Tavisi Zlieri flotiT Sav zRvaze, ssr kav-Siris daSlis Semdeg bosforisa da dardanelis srute-

ebze dominanti saxelmwifos statusi moipova, da regi-

onSi usafrTxoebis garantori gaxda.12 miuxedavad ami-sa TurqeTis pozicia aRniSnul sakiTxTan diskusiebSi

ugulebelyofilia.amrigad, sruteebis sakiTxi msoflio politikis

erTgvar qvakuTxeds warmoadgens. arsebuli interese-

bidan gamomdinare, rTulad warmosadgenia globaluri

politikis aqtorebi SeTanxmdnen erTian poziciaze.xolo vidre iarsebebs problemis interpretaciis ra-

modenime varianti, iarsebebs konfrontaciis bazac,rac regions mometebuli riskis pirobebSi amyofebs.

12 Ardan Zentürk, "Amerika ile Krizin Asıl Nedeni" (Главная причина турецко-американского кризиса), Star daily newspaper, 28.02.2005.



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Ираклий Горгиладзе

Геополитика проливов и “Новый порядок” на ЧерноммореРезюме

Черноморские проливы являются одной из самыхсложных геополитических проблем международных отношений.Борьба за контроль над режимом судоходства в Проливахпостоянно велась великими державами разными средствами. Насовременном этапе проблема Проливов не только не потеряласвоей остроты и актуальности, но приобрела новое звучание.

Глобальные изменения конца XX века, прежде всего,распад СССР и появление новых независимых государстввысветили новые задачи ипроблемы геополитики экономического, военно-стратегического, экологического свойства, напрямую связанныес Черноморским регионом и проблемой Проливов.



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Irakli Gorgiladze

Geopolitics of the Straits and New Order in the Black SeaResume

The Black Sea Straits issue still remains main geopoliticalproblem of the modern International Relations. Struggle forcontrolling over the Navigation Regime is most important foreignpolicy challenge for the Great Powers.

Global Changes of XX century, mostly dissolution of USSR andSovereignitization of new International Subjects encouragedactivating of new geopolitical, economic, strategic, military andecological problems which directly connecting with Black SeaRegion and the Strait problems.

literatura

Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits -JULY 20 TH, 1936. http://www.dailysabah.com/op-ed/2015/12/12/the-montreux-convention-regarding-the-regime-of-the-straits

Imperial Conference of 1923. http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/1923-Imperial-Conference.pdf



2015VIII

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Maritime Traffic Regulations for the Turkish Straits and theMarmara Region. — Turkey. Almanac. — Ankara,1995.

Ognyan Michev, "Transatlantic Strategy For Black SeaStabilization And Integration", Ronald D. Asmus (ed.), A NewEuro-Atlantic Strategy for the Black Sea Region, Washington; TheGerman Marshall Fund of the U.S., 2004, p.92

Stephen Blank, Time for a Transatlantic Initiative, NewEurope Review, p. 5

Ardan Zentürk, "Amerika ile Krizin Asıl Nedeni" (Главнаяпричина турецко-американского кризиса), Star dailynewspaper, 28.02.2005.

Россия и Центральная Европа в новых геополитическихреалиях. - konferenciis masalebi. narochnitskaia.ru

История дипломатии/Издание второе. Ред.кол.: ГромыкоА.А. и др. М. T.I-V. М. 1976.



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islamuri saxelmwifo - realuri safrTxe

lamzira xideSeli

2011-2012 wlebis areulobebis Sedegad islamuripolitikuri partiebi zogierT arabul qveyanaSi war-

marTvel politikur Zalad gadaiqca. islamuri aRor-

Zinebis (haraqaT an-nahada al islamia) - TunisSi, ,,mus-

limi Zmebis“ asociacia (al-ixvan al muslimun) - egvip-

teSi, islamuri saxelmwifo (al-davla al islamia) si-

riasa da eraySi da sxva.Tanamedrove msofliosaTvis yvelaze did saf-

rTxes warmoadgens ,,islamuri saxelmwifo“, Tavdapir-

veli saxelwodebiT ,,erayisa da levantis islamuri sa-

xelmwifo“ (ISIS). dajgufebis safuZvels suniti radika-

lebi warmoadgenen. islamuri teroristuli organiza-

cia akontrolebs erayisa da siriis garkveul nawils,aseve mcire teritorias libiasa da nigeriaSi. 2014wlis ivnisis dasawyisSi ISIS-m uprecedento teroris-

tuli Setakebebi ganaxorciela. daipyro erayis Crdi-

loeTiT mdebare raionebis sakmaod didi nawili, xoloivnisis bolosTvis gaaqtiurdnen siriisa da erayis te-

ritoriazec. TavianT kontrols dauqvemdebares siri-

asa da eraySi arsebuli navTobmompovebeli obieqtebi,



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boevikebma xelSi Caigdes ori umsxvilesi samxedro ba-

za. TavianT gankargulebaSi aqvT didZali iaraRi da

samxedro teqnika. maT Soris gadasatani sazenito kom-

pleqsebi, tankebi, bronirebuli samxedro teqnika da

amerikuli warmoebis haubicebi.ISIS operaciebs atarebs da ganStoebebi aqvs

msoflios mraval qveyanaSi, maT Soris samxreT aziaSic.2014 wlis 29 ivniss organizaciam sakuTari Tavi gamoac-

xada xalifatad, xolo lideri - abu baqar al baRdadi -xalifad. ISIS-s mizania daamyaros religiuri, politi-kuri da samxedro mmarTveloba mTeli msoflios mus-

limebze.islamuri saxelmwifo warmoiSva 1999 wels daj-

gufeba ,,jamaa al-Tavhid va al -jihadis“ bazaze, rome-

lic dakavSirebuli iyo al-qaidasTan. 2003 wels aSS-smier eraySi ganxorcielebuli samxedro operaciis

dros, ISIS SeuerTda erayis daumorCileblobis moZrao-

bas. TviTgamocxadebidan sul mcire xanSi islamurmasaxelmwifom magnitiviT miizida eqstremistuli orga-nizaciebi da Seurigebeli islami radikalebis globa-

lur centrad gadaiqca.boevikebis raodenoba swrafad izrdeba axlo aR-

mosavleTis, Crd. afrikis, evropis, amerikis da avstra-

liis islamisti radikalebiT. momaval boevikebs ar ga-



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aCndaT araviTari samxedro gamocdileba, isini am cod-nas iRebdnen ruseTis ZalovnebTan nabrZoli Crdilo

kavkasielebisagan. 2012 wlis bolos siriaSi Seiqmna

ramdenime banaki, romelTa muSaobasac mkacr kon-trols uwevdnen yofili erayeli samxedro mosamsaxu-

reebi. 2013 wlis Semodgomaze mxolod alepos maxlo-bel provinciaSi islamuri saxelmwifos warmomadgen-

lebma SeZles 2,6 aTasze meti ucxoeli mebrZolis rek-

rutireba, romelTa Sorisac Warbobdnen Tuniselebi,saudis arabeTis moqalaqeebi, Turqebi, egviptelebi da

CeCnebi. moqmedebda emirTa kontrolis rTuli sqema,isini iyvnen pasuxismgeblebi mkvlelobebze, adamianTa

gatacebebze, snaiperTa moqmedebebze, biurokratiaze,komunikaciebsa da usafrTxo kavSirgabmulobisTvis

saWiro Sifrebis SemuSavebaze.eqstremisti liderebis Canafiqri iTvaliswineb-

da mravalricxovani sadazvervo da Zalovani qveganyo-

filebebis paralelur moqmedebas, romlebic Tavis

mxriv, erTmaneTsac uTvalTvalebdnen. saxelmwifokontrolis es sistema Tavis droze sadam huseinma Seq-

mna, romlis drosac arcerTi generali ar iyo darwmu-

nebuli, rom mas ar uTvalTvalebdnen.ISIS SeuerTdnen ,,siriis Tavisufali armiis“ da

al-qaidasTan dakavSirebuli ,,jabhaT an-nusras“ boevi-



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kebi. sam TveSi islamuri saxelmwifos boevikebis rao-

denoba gaizarda samjer da 30 aTass gadaaWarba. 2014wlis 10 ivniss ISIS-s sunitma mebrZolebma aiRes qalaq

mosulis dasavleTi nawili, riTac maT gaakontrolesnavTobmompovebeli da navTobgadamamuSavebeli raio-

nebi da damoukidebelni gaxdnen. maT daikaves aero-

porti, adgilobrivi satelevizio sadguri da samTav-

robo Senobebi. cixeebidan gaaTavisufles aTasamde

msjavrdebuli. sunituri teroristuli dajgufebis

boevikebma daxvrites 12 RvTismetyveli Seixi.ISIS-s mamoZravebel Zalas navTobi warmoadgens.

siriaSi arsebuli sxva islamuri dajgufebebisgan gan-

sxvavebiT, islamurisaxelmwifo ar aris damokidebuli

ucxour daxmarebaze, amisaTvis maT siriaSi Seqmnes ,,sa-

xelmwifo“, sadac daaweses Tavisi gadasaxadebi, romle-bic navTobis eqsportiT miRebul TanxebTan erTad

srulad faravs maTi agresiuli saqmianobis xarjebs.islamuri saxelmwifo yoveldRe navTobis gayidvidan 3mln. dolars iRebda, es ki niSnavda, rom igi istoriaSi

yvelaze mdidari teroristuli organizaciaa. dajgu-

feba siriasa da eraySi navTobis 11 sabados akontro-

lebda. aq mopovebuli navTobi ki TurqeTis, iordaniisa

da erayis Sav bazarze xvdeboda. Tumca dResdReobiT

es Semosavali, msoflio bazarze navTobis fasis klebis



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gamo, mniSvnelovnad Semcirebulia. sakmaod did Semo-savals iRebs islamuri saxelmwifo adamianebis gatace-

biTac. teroristebs aseve exmarebaT is Tanxebi, romle-

bic sxvadasxva gziT mosaxleobisgan miiTvises. finan-

suri Semosavlis erT-erTi wyaro qalebisa da gogone-bis motaceba da Semdeg maTi seqsualur monebad gayid-

vaa.islamuri saxelmwifos ideologias - Seqmnas xa-

lifati muslimebiT dasaxlebul nebismier teritoria-

ze - bevri mxardamWeri hyavs, Tumca zogierTi arabuliqveyana islamuri saxelmwifos mowinaaRmdegeebs miem-

xro.am mxriv, arabul samyaroSi ara aris azris erTia-

noba. ,,xalifati aris iq, sadac Sen xar“ - es aris ISIS-s

erT-erTi mTavari mizani.amaSia misi saerTaSoriso po-

litikis mTeli arsi. xalifati ar cnobs gaeros da Ca-

moyalibebul diplomatiur wess. amitomac adareben xa-lifats bolSevikebs da safrangeTis didi revoluciis

revolucionerebs. maTi ideologia ar cnobs saz-

Rvrebs da zeerovnulia.islamuri saxelmwifo TandaTan gadaiqca radi-

kaluri islamis mTavar Zalad axlo aRmosavleTis re-

gionSi da vlindeba tendencia Semdgomi zrdisken. ISIS-s mier gakontrolebuli teritoriis saerTo farTobi

2014 wlis monacemebiT 40-90 aTas kvadratul kilo-



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metrs, xolo mis teritoriaze mcxovrebi adamianebis

ricxvi 8 milions Seadgenda. maTgan umetesoba sunite-

bi iyvnen. 2015 wlis zafxulis dasawyisisaTvis, brZole-bis Sedegad islamurma saxelmwifom dakarga Tavdapir-

velad eraySi dapyrobili teritoriebis 25-30 % (daax-

loebiT 8-10 aTasi kvadratuli kilometri). siriasa da

eraySi moqmedi formirebebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis 70aTasi sxvadasxva erovnebis boeviki.

mimdinare procesebis miRma verc yofili sabWo-

Ta kavSiris qveynebi darCeba, radgan ISIS-s wevrebma ru-seTis prezidentis vladimer putinis misamarTiT ram-

denjerme gaavrceles video mimarTva., sadac isini pi-

robas deben, rom gaaTavisufleben CeCneTs da mTel

kavkasias. ruseTis teritoriaze aqtiurad mimdinare-

obs mebrZolebis rekrutireba, islamistebis popula-roba izrdeba CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi da centralur azi-

aSi. am procesebis miRma verc saqarTvelo darCeba,radgan saqarTvelosac hyavs muslimuri aRmsareblo-

bis moqalaqeebi. ISIS-s gaaqtiureba ukve SesamCnevi xde-

ba, is flobs uzarmazar finansebs da aqtiurad ewevaaxali momxreebis gadabirebas mTeli msoflios masSta-

biT. bolo periodSi islamuri aRmsareblobis saqar-Tvelos moqalaqeebma daiwyes moxaliseebad islamuri



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saxelmwifos rigebSi brZola. maT Soris arian aras-

rulwlovanebic.

literatura

gureSiZe s. ,,islamuri saxelmwifo“. Tanamedrove

axlo aRmosavleTi. Tb.,2015http://Freebearcon.com/national-security/saudi-arabia-shows-

off-chinese-missiles/http://tvrain.ru/articles/spiegel_isis-386128./http:www.asiaafrika.ru/AA.nomers/201507/http://thediplomat.com/2015/01/isis-looks-for-foothold-in-

central-asia.nttp://www.russia-direcr.org/analysis/central-asia-yurning-

russia-and-us-combat-isishttp://www.lemonde.fr/etat-islamique/http://www.marianne. net/tags/etatislamique.www.francetvinfo.fr./monde/proche-orient/offensive-jihadiste-

en-irak/



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Ламзира Хидешели

Исламское государство – реальная угрозаРезюме

Самой серьезной угрозой в современном мире являетсяИсламское государство (ISIS), основу которого представляютрадикалы-сунниты. Исламская террористическая организацияконтролирует существенные территории Ирана и Сирии. ISISпроводит операции и имеет свою сеть во многих странах мира, втом числе и Южной Азии. 29 июня 2014 года даннаяорганизация объявила себя Халифатом, а лидера – Абу Бакраль-Багдади халифом Багдада.

Целью Исламского государства является установлениерелигиозного, политического, военного влияния над всемимусульманами мира. Движущей силой Исламского государстваявляется нефть. Организация владеет огромными финансами иактивно ведет политику по привлечению в свои ряды новыхсторонников из многих стран мира, в том числе и Грузии.



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Lamzira Khidesheli

Islamic Stata – Real DangerResume

The biggest danger today for modern works is IslamicRepublic (ISIS) base of which are Sunni radicals. Islamic terroristorganization controls certain part of Iraq and Siria. ISIS carries outoperations and has fields in number of countries, including SouthernAsia. On June 29, 2014 ISIS organization declared itself as aCaliphate with Abu Baqr Al-Baghdad as its Khalifa. Goal of IslamicState is to establish religious, political and military governance overall Muslims across the world. Oil is the major force behind theIslamic State. It possesses huge amount of finances and is activelyoccupied with winning over new supporters from worldwide,including from Georgia.



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politikuri konfliqtebis religiurifaqtori

natalia lazba

politikur konfliqtebSi religiuri faqto-

ris bunebis, rolis da mniSvnelobis sakiTxi Tanamed-

rove msoflioSi sul ufro met yuradRebas ipyrobs.sazogadoebaSi, saxelmwifo da religiuri dawesebule-

bebi paralelurad erTmaneTis gverdigverd arseboben.religia xels uwyobs sazogadoebrivi, maT Soris po-

litikuri faseulobebis mxardaWeras da dasabuTebas,rac aseve gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis damokidebu-

lebaze kanonierebisa da xelisuflebisadmi. religiisada politikis aseTi urTierTmimarTeba ganpirobebu-

lia imiT, rom adamianTa didi nawilisaTvis religiurirwmena erovnuli kulturis da cxovrebis ganuyofeli

nawilia, romelic qmnis sazogadoebis socialur-poli-

tikuri mowyobis safuZvels.politikuri konfliqti politikuri subieqte-

bis Sejaxebas, winaaRmdegobas warmoadgens, gamowveu-

li maTi interesebis, Rirebulebebis da Sexedulebebis

sxvadasxvaobiT. politikuri konfliqti socialuri

konfliqtis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens. politikuri



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konfliqtis mTavar paradigmas warmoadgens brZola

ZalauflebisaTvis. Zalaufleba asocirdeba winaaRme-

gobasTan, ZaladobasTan, sanqciebTan da sxva ,,negati-

ur movlenebTan’’. TviT politika ki xSirad globa-

lur konfliqtad moixseneba. politikuri konfliqtis

sagans ori saxis deficiti warmodgens: poziciuri de-

ficiti (anu, socialuri poziciebis deficiti - socia-

luri statusebi, rolebi) da wyaroebis deficiti (ma-

terialuri, sulieri resursebi). konfliqti Cndeba

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi miiswrafvian er-

TmaneTis xarjze miiRon sargebeli.religia umTavres socialur instituts warmo-

adgens, sulier resurs, romelic Seicavs socialur

normebs, Rirebulebebs, rolebs, ritualebs, Cveule-

bebs, qcevis standartebs. uolter rasel midi (saer-

TaS. urT. specialisti, aSS) aRniSnavs, rom religia yo-

velTvis iyo da rCeba mniSvnelovan faqtorad, rome-

lic gansazRvravs qveynis politikas, strategias, naci-

onalur identobas da kulturas. religias rogorc

socialur fenomens, gaaCnia Tavisi funqciebi:• kompensatoruli (ususurobis kompensa-

cia, xsnis fsiqologiur daZabulobas)• komunikaciuri (morwmunoebis erTmaneT-

Tan da RmerTTan - locvis meSveobiT)



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• regulaciuri (normebis, wesebis, tradi-

ciebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba individebis marTva)• integraciis (eris konsolidacia), magram

polikonfesiur qveynebSi-piriqiT, religias SeuZlia

iTamaSos dezintegraciis roli.• kulturis translacia - xeli Seuwyos

damwerlobis, xelovnebis da a.S. ganviTarebas, dagro-

vili gamocdilebis gadacemas Taobidan Taobas.religia gavlenas axdens saxelmwifoze da po-

litikaze, sazogadoebaze da ojaxze. gavlenis donessakralizaciis da sekularizaciis procesebi gansaz-

Rvravs. sakralizacia (lat. sacer -saRvTo) eklesiis

rolis amaRlebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, religi-

is gavlenis arealis gafarToebas. sekularizacia(lat. Saecularis-amqveyniuri)- socialuri institu-

tebis ganTavisufleba saeklesio zegavlenisagan.Tanamedrove samyaroSi religiisa da politikis

Taviseburi urTierTobis formebi Camoyalibda. maga-

liTad, religiis gamoyeneba politikuri miznebismisaRwevad (1991 wels sadam huseinis quveiTze Tavdas-

xmis motivacia - quveiTis samefo ojaxi arRvevs isla-

mis normebs); religiis gavlena politikaze, arsebuli

kanonebis CarCoebSi (italiaSi, espaneTSi, portugalia-Si eklesia gavlenas axdens sakanonmdeblo organoebze



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(ojaxis, ganaTlebis sakiTxebze); politikuri insti-tutebis sakralizacia (sintoizmi warmoadgens poli-

tikuri institutebis sulier sayrdens (iaponia))dRes religia ideologiiis rols TamaSobs,

rac iwvevs mis politizacias. xSirad is gamodis ro-

gorc konservatizmis, liberalizmis da socializmis

alternativa. aqedan gamomdinare, religiuri faqtorixSirad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs rogorc saerTa-

Soriso, ise saSinao konfliqtebSi.msoflio religiebi Tavis klasikur variantSi,

tolerantobas da siyvaruls efuZneba. magram, religi-

as xSirad iyeneben politikuri brZolis iaraRad. ma-

galiTad, muslimi fundamentalistebi omis aRsaniSna-

vad iyeneben cnebas ,,jixads,, urjuloebTan. magram,arabulidan es termini niSnavs saRvTo oms. Tu davda-

pirvelad, islamis gavrcelebis periodSi is niSnavda

TavdacviT oms, XIVs. jixadis koncepcia rTuldeba -Cndeba sulieri jixadi (alahTan daaxlovebis sulie-ri gza).

agreTve, iaponuri cneba-filosofia ,,busido’’(ar Cabarde mters cocxali, tyveebi gaanadgure da a.S).

zog religias (qristianobas, islams) axasiaTebs

prozeletizmi. maTTan SedarebiT, aRmosavluri reli-giebi Tavisi simSvidiT da araagresiulobiT gamoirCe-



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va. magram, aqac arsebobs agresiis sastiki magaliTebi.1995 wels teraqti tokios metroSi (gazi ,,zarinis’’ ga-

moyenebiT) cnobilma iaponurma religiurma seqtam

,,aum sinrike’’ moawyo, Tavisi damfuZneblis da lide-

ris saTaveSi (sioko asaxara). mTavari amocana - jer

iaponiis, xolo Semdeg mTliani samyaros dapyroba.dRes msoflioSi ramdenime meqanizmi moqmedebs,

romelic gansazRvravs religiuri konfliqtebis pro-

vocirebis ZiriTad faqtors. upirveles yovlisa, ese-

nia: saxelmwifos polikonfesiuri xasiaTi (indoeTi,indonezia, nigeria, libani da a.S). naTeli magaliTia

libani, sadac 20-ze meti konfesiis warmomadgeneli

cxovrobs da ramac me-20 saukunis 80-an wlebSi xeli Se-

uwyo sisxlismRvrel samoqalaqo dapirispirebas. meo-re faqtors warmoadgens religiuri jgufebis dis-

kriminacia, rac gamoixateba: socialur da politi-

kur uTanasworobaSi, gansazRvruli konfesiis warmo-madgenlebis gadaWarbebuli raodenoba politikur

elitaSi. magaliTad, iranSi, sadac tradiciulad do-

minirebs sunituri umciresoba, roca mosaxleobis um-

ravlesoba - Siiti (ajanyeba 1991w.). huseinis reJimis

dacemis Semdeg (2003) viTareba icvleba. magram Seiqmna

axali safrTxe, Siitur mTavrobas ewinaaRmdegebian su-

niti boevikebi. filipinebze, sadac diskriminirebul-



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ma muslimma umciresobam daiwyo ajanyebuli brZola

1968 wels (grZeldeba 40 weli). ZiriTadi mosaxleoba -kaTolikebi, umciresoba-muslimi (2.).

Semdeg faqtors warmoadgens ekonomikuri,samxedro ideologiuri an politikuri mxardaWera

qveynis garedan. separatistuli moZraoba indur

StatSi jamu da kaSmirSi. 1947 wels britanulma indo-

eTma moipova damoukidebloba, mis teritoriaze (re-

ligiuri niSniT) gaCnda ori saxelmwifo: indoeTis kav-

Siri (indusebi) da pakistani (muslimebi). pakistani gai-

yo - bangladeSi da TviT pakistani. magram jamus prob-

lema dResac aqtualuria - 60% akontrolebs - indoe-

Ti, 40%-pakistani. ZiriTadi mosaxleoba - muslimebi,gaerTianeba pakistanTan undaT.

politikis Careva religiaSi es aris is faqto-

ri, romelic dRes warmoadgens erT-erT seriozul

mizezs ukrainaSi politikuri krizisis CamoyalibebaSi.Istoriulad, dasavleT ukrainaSi damtkicda unia, ro-melmac daakavSira marTlmadidebluri eklesia da ka-

Tolikuri romi. uniaTuri eklesia xeli Seuwyo ukrai-

nuli nacionalizmis formirebaSi. is ssrk-s dros iyo

iZulebiT likvidirebuli. bolo wlebSi uniaTuri ek-lesiis mimdevrebi misi legalizaciis sakiTxiT gamo-

diodnen, rasac warmatebiT miaRwies. Sedegi: dapirispi-



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reba uniaTebs da marTlmadideblebs Soris. saxezeasxva qveynebis Carevis mcdeloba aRniSnul konfliq-

tSi. amas emateba ganxeTqileba marTlmadideblur ek-

lesiaSi - nawili politikosebis gamodian iniciativiT

damoukidebeli (moskovis patriarqidan) eklesiis Seq-

mnaze. ukrainuli marTlmadideblobis ganxeTqileba.Seiqmna ukrainuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia. dRes

saxezea religiuri orientiris konfiguracia - da-

savleTSi - uniaTuri, rig centralur regionebSi - uk-

rainuli eklesia, dasavleTSi da samxreTSi - kanonieri

marTlmadidebluri eklesia (3).da bolos, religia dResac asrulebs ideolo-

giis msgavs funqcias, rac mis politizacias uwyobs

xels. Tumca yovelTvis es ar niSnavs, rom sazogadoe-

ba ufro da ufro religiuri xdeba. xSirad ganviTare-

bad qveynebSi mwvave socialur-ekonomikuri Tu poli-tikuri realiebi religiuri niSiT hpovebs gamoxatu-

lebas, romelic mimarTulia raRac samarTlianobis

miRwevisaTvis (4). aseT SemTxvevebSi religia SeiZlebamogvevlinos iseTi Tanamedrove ideologiebis alter-

nativad, rogoricaa konservatizmi, liberalizmi Tu

socializmi. globalizaciis procesi, romelic xSiradxels uwyobs tradiciuli sazogadoebis vesternizaci-

as, SeiZleba gamoiwvios nacionalizmis tendenciebis



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gaZliereba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba TviTmyofadi

kulturis SenarCunebisken. aseT SemTxvevebSi religia

gaxdeba nacionaluri programis mniSvnelovani nawili.

Lლiteratura

lancovi s., politikuri konfliqtologia, mos-

kovi, 2008.Kemp, G. Iran and Iraq: The Shia Connection, Soft Power; and

the Nuclear Connection. Washington, DC: United States Institute ofPeace, 2005.

Рябых, Г.. Русская православная церковь в системесовременных международных отношений // Полис. 2008. № 2.

Бровко, О.Д. Религиозный фактор политическихконфликтов [Электрон- ный ресурс] / О.Д. Бровко. –– Режимдоступа:http://www.rusnauka.com/15_APSN_2010/Politologia/68138.doc.htmю (дата обращения: 08.04.2014).



2015VIII

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Natalia Lazba

Religious factor of political conflictsResume

The nature, role and importance of the religious factor inpolitical conflicts are one of the most important problems nowadays.In a modern society a state and church are developing in parallel.Religion promotes the formation and maintenance of social valuesincluding political values which in turn has an impact on the attitudeof society towards laws and government. Such interrelations betweenreligion and politics is caused by the fact that for most peoplereligion is part of national culture and is inseparable from lifestyleand basics of socio-political organization of society.



2015VIII

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Наталия Лазба

Религиозный фактор политических конфликтовРезюме

Природа, роль и значимость религиозного фактора вполитических конфликтах входит в ряд наиболее актуальныхпроблем сегодняшнего мира. В современном обществегосударство и церковь сосуществуют параллельно друг другу.Религия способствует обоснованию и поддержаниюобщественных ценностей, в том числе и политических, чтовлияет на отношение общества к закону и власти. Такаявзаимосвязь религии и политики обусловлена тем, что длябольшинства людей религиозная вера является частьюнациональной культуры и неотделима от образа жизни и основсоциально-политического устройства общества.



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germaniisa da evrokavSirisurTierTamokidebulebis xarisxi

giorgi jRarkava

evrokavSiris istoria 1951 wels Seqmnil evropis

qvanaxSirisa da foladis gaerTianebiT iwyeba. organi-zacia eqvsi saxelmwifos gaerTianebas warmoadgenda

(dasavleT germania, safrangeTi, italia da beniluqsis

qveynebi). swored eqfg-s Seqmnam daudo saTave evrokav-

Siris dRevandeli saxiT Camoyalibebas. dasavleT ger-

mania, igive germaniis federaciuli respublika, Tavi-danve did rols asrulebda aRniSnuli gaerTianebis

farglebSi, radgan organizaciis Seqmnis motivi swo-red germaniaSi arsebuli qvanaxSiris sabadoebis gan-

kargvis problematuroba iyo - masze pretenzias saf-

rangeTic acxadebda. qvanaxSiris gaerTianebis parale-

lurad 1958 wels romis xelSekrulebiT iqmneba evro-

pis ekonomikuri gaerTianebac, romelsac imave wels ev-

ratomis Seqmnac mohyva. aRniSnuli organizaciis wev-

rebi SeTanxmdnen, rom atomuri energiis dargSi eTa-

namSromlaT erTmaneTTan. 1967 wels zemoT CamoTvli-li samive organizacia gaerTianda da evrogaerTiane-

bad gardaiqmna. am periodSic germaniis federaciuli



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respublikis roli dasavleT evropis masStabiT didi

iyo, magram hegemonur rols mainc safrangeTi inarCu-

nebda. amas adasturebs isic, rom „luqsemburgis kom-

promisi“ swored safrangeTis daJinebulmoTxovnas

mohyva (evrogaerTianebaSi kvalificirebuli umravle-sobiT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis axali principi saf-

rangeTis interesebSi ar Sedioda). xolo inglisis ev-ropul organizaciaSi gaerTianeba orjer swored saf-

rangeTis uaris Semdgom daibloka (1963 da 1967 wlebi).situacia garkveulwilad vili brandtis kanclerad

arCevam Secvala. brandtis moqnilma politikam, ro-

melsac „istpolitika“ ewoda, saboloo jamSi mis qveya-nas aramxolod evrogaerTianebis farglebSi SesZina

damatebiTi wona, aramed didi gavlena moaxdina 90-ian

wlebSi „ori germaniis“ gaerTianebis saqmezec. 70-ianiwlebis bolos germaniis roli evrokavSirSi imdenad

gaizarda, rom swored qveynis kancleris, helmud Smid-tis safrangeTis prezident Jiskar destenTan molapa-rakebebis dros gancxadebuli Tanxmobis wyalobiT mo-

xerxda evropuli monetaruli sistemis Camoyalibeba.monetaruli sistemis Camoyalibebis Semdeg Seiqmna ev-

ropuli valutis gaerTianebac, romlis mTavari ele-

mentic doiC marka gaxda (Photius, 1994). am periodSievrogaerTianebis valutebis gacvliTi kursebi bevrad

ufro stabiluri iyo iseT valutebTan SedarebiT, ro-



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gorebicaa amerikuli dolari da iaponuri ieni - es yve-

laferi ki doiC markis garSemo xdeboda. maastrixtis

samitamde (1991) doiC markis revalvacia sxva evrozo-

nis valutebis mimarT 38% iyo.rac Seexeba aRmosavleT germanias, is 90-ian wle-

bamde dasavleT evropisgan izolirebulad, komunis-

tur politkur realobaSi viTardeboda. Tumca kideverTxel aRsaniSnavia vili brandtis roli dasavleT da

aRmosavleT germaniis daaxloebaSi. 70-ian wlebSi swo-red bdandtis dros aRiara germaniis federaciulmarespublikam germaniis demokratiuli respublikis da-

moukidebloba da garkveuli kavSirebi gaaba masTan, ra-

mac, saboloo jamSi, berlinis kedlis dangrevis Semdegori Tanabaruflebiani politikuri erTeulis integ-

racia gaamartiva.germaniis, rogorc evrokavSiris gamokveTili

potenciuri lideris roli, berlinis kedlis dacemis-

Tanave ikveTeba. Tumca Zlieri da erTiani germaniisarseboba evropaSi warsuli gamocdilebidan gamomdi-nare didi safrTxis Semcveli iyo da amitomac aRniSnu-

li sakiTxi 90-ian wlebSi did eWvebs da yoymans iwvevda

safrangeTis (miterani), italiisa (andreoti) da brita-

neTis (teTCeri) liderebs Soris (Baltic Worlds, 2009). ase-Ti damokidebulebis gamo dasavleT germaniis kan-



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clerma helmut kolma germanelebis mxridan evrope-lebis mimarT keTilmosurneobis dasamtkiceblad saga-reo aqcenti erTiani evropis politikuri kavSiris gam-tkicebisken mimarTa da Seecada dasavleli politiko-sebisTvis erTiani germaniis roli evrogaerTianebisfarglebSi dadebiTi da integraciuli kuTxiT warmoe-

Cina. aRniSnulma politikam maleve gaamarTla, radgangermaniis xsenebuli sagareo kursi evropis supranaci-onalur institutebSi mowonebul iqna da Sesabamisad

maTma TanamSromlebma, rogorc evrogaerTianebis in-

teresis damcvelebma, TavianT qveynebSi germaniis ga-

erTianebis ideis propaganda daiwyes.germanelebma SeZ-les adreotisa da miteranis darwmunebac germaniis ga-erTianebis saWiroebaSi evrogaerTianebis naTeli mo-

mavlis mizniT. sabolood germania 1990 wlis oqtom-

berSi gaerTianda, ris Sedegadac evrogaerTianebaSi

axali gamokveTili lideric gamoCnda. germaniis aRniS-

nulma sagareo kursma - gaerTianebis procesSi aqcenti

gaekeTebina ara erovnul, saxelmwifoebriv doneze,aramed supranacionalur evrogaerTianebaze, Tavidan-ve naTeli gaxada Tu ramxela politikuri zegavlena

eqneboda qveyanas organizaciis SigniT.evrokavSiri dRevandeli saxiT 1993 wlidan ya-

libdeba (maastrixtis xelSekrulebis ZalaSi Sesvli-

dan). am periodidan moyolebuli germaniis politika



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evrokavSiris farglebSi hegemonobaze orientirebuli

ar yofila. karnegis centris mklevaris ian teqnus az-riT germaniis sagareo politika evropisa da msofli-

os masStabiT gaerTianebis dRidan 3 ZiriTad svetze

dgas (CARNEGIEEUROPE, 2014). pirvel sveti qveynis ev-

rokavSiris mimarT damokidebulebas exeba. misi mixed-viT germaniis sagareo politika evropis politikurda ekonomikur erTobaze unda iyos orientirebuli da

qveynebs Soris integracias unda uwyobdes xels. meoresvetis mixedviT germania partnior qveynebTan kompro-

misuli politikis gatarebas unda ecados, manam sanam

es mis erovnul interesebs ar Selaxavs. mesame sveti ki

ufro metad germaniis mier 90-ian wlebSi gatarebul im

midgomas exeba, romlis mixedviTac qveynis sagareo

orientirSi didi, dominanti qveynebis garda, patara

evropuli qveynebic unda moxvedriliyvnen. amis mize-

zi Semdegi gaxldaT - germanias surdaiseT qveynebTan,rogorebicaa holandia, dania, avstria da Tundac espa-neTi pirdapir kavSirze gasuliyo da maTi ndoba arasxva didi qveynebis saSualebiT aramed Tavadve moepo-

vebina. am midgomis gagrZeleba gaxldaT germaniidangasuli didi raodenobiT investiciebi evrokavSiris

patara vqynebSi, ramac saboloo jamSi aRniSnuli qvey-



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nis, rogorc politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri roli ki-

dev ufro gazardaevrokavSiris farglebSi.swored amgvarad mimdinareobda evrokavSirisa

da germaniis urTierTobebi 90-iani wlebidan moyole-

buli, ramac saboloo jamSi germania organizaciis ga-

mokveTil liderad aqcia.amaze metyvelebs misi roli

saberZneTis krizisis mogvarebaSi, romlis drosacgermania praqtikulad evrokavSiris politikis mTava-

ri moqmedi subieqti gaxda. qveyana aramarto politi-kurad axdenda situaciaze gavlenas aramed didi iyo

misi wvlili ekonomikuri kuTxiTac. amis karg magali-Tad gamodgeba mimdinare wlis zafxulSi germaniis gan-cxadebuli Tanxmobis Semdeg evrokavSiris mier saber-

ZneTisTvis krizisis, dasaZlevad gamoyofili pirveli

fuladi daxmareba (The Guardian, 2015).germania did rols TamaSobs siriis mimdinare

krizisis mogvarebaSic. 2015 wels siriis krizisis drosevropis mimarTulebiT migrantTa Zalian didi talRa

wamovida. maTi umravlesoba ki swored germaniis mier

iqna miRebuli. qveyana praqtikulad evrokavSiris far-glebi am periodSi migrantebis krizisis makoordini-

rebel Zalad iqca. germaniis kancleris, angela merke-

lis gancxadebiT 2015 wlis bolos germaniaSi Casul

migrantTa raodenoba rekordul maCvenebels - 800 000-



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s miaRwevda. amis miuxedavad krizisis daregulirebissaqmeSi germanias migrantebis mimarT sakuTari poli-

tika ar Seucvlia. piriqiT, seqtemberSi germaniis vice-

kanclerma, zigmar gabrielma sakuTar gamosvlaSi aR-

niSna, rom germanias ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi yo-

velwliurad 500 000 migrantis miReba SeeZlo (Tabula,2015). amiTgermaniam faqtobrivad evropis migrantebiskrizisis dartyma Tavis Tavze aiRo da evrokavSiris

sxva qveynebs magaliTi misca, rom saerTo evropul

problemaze pasuxismgeblobis wili maTac egrZnoT.evrokavSiris masStabiT germania mosaxleobis

raodenobiT pirvel adgilzea (daaxloebiT 80 milioni

adamiani).germania msoflioSi erT-erTi mowinave ganvi-

Tarebuli industriuli qveyanaa. misi ekonomika ameri-

kis, CineTisada iaponiis Semdeg rigiT meoTxea. aRniS-nuli ekonomika ZiriTadad industriul warmoaebasa da

momsaxurebazea fokusirebuli. magram germaniis eko-

nomikas erTi specifikuroba axasiaTebs - igi Zlieraa

damokidebuli eqsportze. msoflios bankis monaceme-bis mixedviT dReisaTvis qveynis ekonomikis daaxloe-

biT 45% swored eqsportze modis. eqsporti TavisTa-

vad gasaRebis bazarzea damokidebuli. gasaRebis baza-ri ki germaniisTvis upirveles yovlisa evrokavSiris

zonaa. Sesabamisad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom ekonomi-



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kurad germania evrokavSirze sakmaod Zlieraa damoki-

debuli. magram aRniSnuli damokidebuleba evrokav-

Sirzec vrceldeba - Tu germania eqsportis mxrivaa

organizaciaze damokidebuli, es ukanaskneli germania-

ze damokidebulebas importis mxriv ganicdis. TumcaaRniSnuli damokidebuleba ra Tqma unda pirdapirpro-

porciuli ar aris.zemoTxsenebuli faqti germaniis politikaze Se-

sabamis gavlenas axdens - ekonomikuri mniSvnelobis ga-mo germanuli evropuli politika evrokavSiris qvey-nebSi politikuri stabilizaciasa da ekonomikuri

mdgradobis xelSewyobazea orientirebuli, raTa ger-maniaSi warmoebul produqtze moTxovna SenarCundes

da amasTan erTad gaizardos kidec. es yvelaferi ger-maniis ekonomikur gavlenas evrokavSiris farglebSi

TandaTan ufro da ufro zrdis, rac politikur wonis

matebazec aisaxeba.amrigad, urTierTdamokidebulebis xarisxi, ro-

gorc davinaxeT or subieqts Soris marTlacaa (Tanac

sakmaod didi), Tumca saboloo jamSi SegviZlia davas-

kvnaT, rom germanias ufro didi politikuri wona aqvs

evrokavSirSi, vidre evrokavSirs germaniaSi, radgan ev-rokavSiris ZiriTadi politikis ganmssazRvreli Tavad

germaniaa. rac Seexeba ekonomikas, aq urTierTdamoki-



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debulebis xarisxi TiTqmis Tanabaria - uxeSad, rom

vTqvaT, germania ver gaZlebs evrokavSiris bazris ga-

reSe (eqsportze didwilad damokidebulebis gamo), ev-

rokavSirs ki germaniidan importis gareSe gauWirdeba.aRniSnuli faqtebi gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas,rom aRniSnul realobas Tavis sasargeblod Zalian ra-

cionalurad iyenebs - arsebuli politikuri gavlenis

meSveobiT ekonomikur bazars inarCunebs, ekonomikuriresursebiT ki TavisTavad ukve politikuri wonis gaz-

rdasac axerxebs.aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia

davaskvnaT, rom evrokavSiris SesamCnevad ufro meta-daa germaniaze damokidebuli vidre piriqiT da es da-mokidebuleba droTa ganmavlobaSi ufro da ufro iz-

rdeba.



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Giorgi Jgarkava

The interdependence levels between Germany and theEuropean Union

Resume

Recent events (Greece, Syriacrises) approve how importantis Germany in Europe. I think that it will be interesting to determinethe real role of Germany in the European Union. In addition, we willdiscuss the role of the EU for the German domestic politics, whichwill ultimately help us to realize how much the European Union andGermany are interdependent on each other. After clarification of thespecific nature of the interdependence will try to determine if thelevel of political and economic dependence is equal.



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Гиорги Джгаркава

Степень взаимозависимости между Германией иЕвропейским Союзом

Резюме

Последние события (Греция, Сирия кризисы) утвердить,как важно Германия в Европе. Я думаю, что это интересно,чтобы определить реальную роль Германии в ЕвропейскомСоюзе. Кроме того, мы обсудим роль ЕС для немецкихвнутренней политики, которые в конечном итоге помогут нампонять, насколько Европейский Союз и Германия являютсявзаимозависимыми друг от друга. После выяснения спецификивзаимозависимости будет пытаться определить, если уровеньполитической и экономической зависимости равны.

literatura

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iohansoni, karl magnus. 2010. procesi, romelsacukan ver dabrundeba. BALTICWORLDS. interne-



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ti:http://balticworlds.com/a-process-of-no-return-responses-within-the-european-community-to-the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall-and-the-prospect-of-german-reunification/; bolonaxva, 29 oq-

tomberi, 2015.teqnu, ian. 2014. germaniis swori pirveloba evro-

pisTvis. CARNEGIEEUROPE. interneti:http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=57046; bolonaxva,29 oqtomberi, 2015.

raniki, jenifer. fleTCeri, nik. 2015. saberZneTipirvel daxmarebas iRebs. The Guardian. interneti:http://www.theguardian.com/business/blog/live/2015/aug/19/german-mps-to-vote-on-greek-bailout-live bolonaxva, 29 oqtom-

beri, 2015.TABULA. 2015. germania mzadaa weliwadSi 500 000

ltolvili miiRos. interneti:http://www.tabula.ge/ge/story/99377-germania-mzadaa-tselitsadshi-500-atasamde-ltolvili-miighos bolonaxva, 29 oq-

tomberi, 2015.



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platonis Sexedulebebi idealurisaxelmwifo mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb

xaTuna muradiSvili

filosofia mecnierebis uZvelesi dargia, rom-lis mTavar mizans adamianis sinamdvilesTan damokide-bulebis yvelaze saukeTeso formiT gamoxatuleba wa-

moadgens. is Cv.w.a-mde VII-VI saukuneebSi Caisaxa iseTi

civilizaciis mqone qveynebSi, rogoricaa indoeTi, Ci-

neTi da antikuri saberZneTi. antikuri filosofia Ri-

rebulia ara mxolod Tavisi arsiT, SinaarsiTa da mniS-

vnelobiT, aramed imiTac, rom igi im dros arsebul yo-

velgvar codnas moicavda, radganac im droisaTvis ararsebobda da verc iarsebebda damoukidebeli an kerZo

mecnieruli codnis sxvadasxva dargebi.aRsaniSnavia filosofiis erTi Tavisebureba,

kerZod, filosofiaSi gansxvavebiT mecnierebebisgan

problemebi maradiulia, xolo pasuxebi am problemeb-

ze SedarebiT cvalebadi, aseve rac ufro gansxvavebu-

li azrebia gamoTqmuli ama Tu im problemebze, miT uf-

ro Rrmaa filosofiuri msoflxedveloba. aseT msof-

lmxedvelobaTa rigs miekuTvneba platonis, aristote-

lis, kantis, hegeli da sxvaTa filosofiuri msof-



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lxedvelobebi, romelTac didi gavlena moaxdines ka-

cobriobis sulieri kulturis ganviTarebaze.kacobriobam Tavis ganviTarebasTan erTad yove-

live sakvlevi daajgufa da TviTeuli erT romelime

mecnierebaSi gaaerTiana: maTematika, istoria, sabune-

bismetyvelo mecniereba da a.S. ibadeba kiTxva: radganmTeli samyaros sferoebi danawilda konkretul mec-

nierebebs Soris, ra darCa filosofias Sesaswavli da

ra praqtikuli daniSnuleba aqvs mas. pasuxi Semdegia:filosofiurma kvleva-Ziebam swored maSin monaxa Ta-

visi namdvili Sesaswavli sagani, roca samyaro konkre-

tulma mecnierebebma dainawiles. mecnierebaTa aseTmadiferenciaciam filosofias saSualeba misca epovna

misTvis mniSvnelovani, wminda filosofiuri proble-

mebi. mTavari ki mainc isaa rom dReisTvis arsebobs fi-

losofiis dargi, romelsac mecnierebis filosofia

ewodeba. Tavis mxriv es iyofa bunebis mecnierebis fi-losofiad da sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa filosofi-

ad.aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo, rogorc socia-

luri instituti mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi iyo

filosofosebis, iuristebisa da istorikosebis serio-

zuli gansjis sagani. udidess moazrovneTa mTeli Tao-

bebi Zal-Rones ar iSurebdnen, raTa erTxel da samuda-



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mod gaecaT pasuxi SekiTxvaze - Tu ras warmoadgens sa-xelmwifo da ra rols TamaSobs is sazogadoebis cxov-

rebaSi? misi mmarTvelobis formebis mniSnelobaze sa-

xelmwifos ganviTarebaSi? lideris fenomenis da misi

rolis Sesaxeb saxelmwifos mmarTvaSi da a.S. am sakiT-xebTan dakavSirebiT msoflio mniSvnelobisaa sokra-

tes, platonisa da aristoteles naSromebi, romlebic

am Temas eZRvneba.bizantiaSi aseTi wesi arsebobda: vidre biblias

aiRbdnen wasakiTxad, manamde sagudagulds ibandnen xe-

lebs... swored, bizantieli filosofosi miqel fselo-

si ambobda, rom ...daubaneli xeliT platonic ar unda

gadaSaloo. platonis pirovneba imdenad didia, igi im-

denad sazogado figura iyo rom mas icnoben, poetebi,durglebi, eqimebi, Samanebi, politikosebi da sazoga-

doebrivi fenis TiTqmis yvela warmomadgeneli.platoni (427-347) aTenis maRali aristokratiis

wres ekuTvnoda, riTac is yovelTvis amayobda. plato-

ni ar gaxldaT bavSobidan diadi moazrovne. man mraval

asparezze scada sakuTari adgilis damkvidreba, is iyo

mxatvari, dramaturgi, sportsmeni. platoni gaxldaT

olimpiuri Cempioni WidaobaSi, misi saxelic swored

mis aRnagobas ukavSirdeba. is iyo sakmaod kargi poe-

tic. mokled ase mravalmxrivad ganviTarebuli adamia-



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ni oci wlis asakSi umowafdeba sokrates saidanac iwye-

ba misi rogorc filosofosis moRvaweoba, ramac gan-

sazRvra misi Semdgomi ganviTareba.platonis Sromebi 50 wlis moRvaweobis Sedegia.

maTi umravlesoba dialogis formiTaa dawerili. dia-

logTa umravlesobaSi wamyvania sokrate. platoni sa-

kuTar azrebs, rogorc wesi, misi piriT gadmogvcems.platonis „saxelmwifo“ filosofiuri mecniere-

bis umniSvnelovanes naSroms warmoadgens, erTi mxrivimitom rom am dialogs TviT platonis filosofiursistemaSi mTavari adgili uWiravs da meores mxriv imi-

tom, rom am naSromSi platoni wminda politikuri sa-kiTxebis garda maTive siRrmiseuli da konteqsturigadmocemisaTvis exeba Tavisi filosofiuri sistemis

TiTqmis yvela danarCen mniSvnelovan problemas. pla-toni am naSromSi politikuri xasiaTis sakiTxebs sxva-

Ta Soris ki ar hyveba, aramed savsebiT mizandasaxuladwarmogvidgens maT rogorc adamianis msoflmxedvelo-

bis organul, Tu damagvirgvinebel Temad. es ki aSkarad

politikuri TviTcnobierebis zenitia, anu rodesac

adamiani ara mxolod cxovrobs politikurad, aramedicis yovelive politikis Sesaxeb da fiqrobs politi-

kuri cxovrebis avkargianobaze.platonis saxelmwifos idealur saxelmwifos

uwodeben. es sakiTxi SeiZleba orgvarad warmovidgi-



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noT, erTis mxriv „idealuri“ niSnavs saukeTesos. amsityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiTac da platoniseuliCanafiqriTac saxelmwifos miseuli proeqti marTlac

saukeTeso iyo. meores mxirv, platonis saxelmwifoidealuria ara rogorc realurad arsebuli saxelmwi-

fos aRwera, aramed rogorc rogorc idea. platoni-

saTvis ki is rac arsebobs rogorc idea, ukve saukeTe-

sod arsebobis wess gansazRvravs. idea xom platonTan

WeSmaritebis sawyiss warmoadgens.erTi SexedviT Tu idealuri saxelmwifos „pro-

eqtireba“ mxolod idea iyo da exeboda politikur ur-

TierTobebs mxolod imisaTvis, rom eCvenebinaT idea-

luris buneba, es ar unda gavigoT ise rom platoni

utopistia. arada arsebobs aseTi Sexedulebac, magram

aq mTavari arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom utopiisagangansxvavebiT platonis saxelmwifos proeqti ar warmo-adgenda mxolod adaminis fantaziisa da ocnebis sfe-

ros. rogori problematuric ar unda iyos kavSiriidealur da realur sagnebs Soris erT rameSi SeiZleba

Rrmad viyoT darwmunebuli, rom idealur da realursaxelmwifos Soris kavSiri platonis filosofiiT ga-

rantirebulia.gasarkvev sakiTxTa nusxaSi platoni jer aTav-

sebs sakiTxs – Tu ras warmoadgens samarTliani saxel-mwifo da mxolod amis Semdeg gadadis iseT sakiTxze



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rogoricaa „marTali kacis „ bunebis gageba. samarTli-anobis sakiTxis saxelmwifos mimarT dasma mravali Se-

saZlo interpretaciis mimarTebiT SeiZleba daisvas,ase magaliTad, samarTlianoba marTlwesrigis dacvis

TvalsazrisiT, samarTlianoba sazogadoebis sxvadas-xva fenebs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis kuTxiT da

sxva. manam sanam saxelmwifos samarTlianobaze an ara-samarTlianobaze eqneba saubari platoni mimoixilavs

Tavad saxelmwifos. es moTxovna misTvis or qvesakiT-

xad iSleba. erTi is Tu rogor yalibdeba saxelmwifo

da meore is, Tu ra aZlevs adamianTa erTobas aseT sa-

fuZvels, romelsac Cven saxelmwifos vuwodebT. pla-

toni glavkonis piriT ambobs: „ mas Semdeg rac adamia-

nebma gamoscades erTic da meorec, anu moiqcnen samar-Tlianadac da arasamarTlianadac da dazaraldnen

arasamarTlianobisagan, maSin maT mizanSewonilad Cas-

Tvales molaparakeba, raTa samomavlod arc usamar-

Tloba CaedinaT da arc dazaralebuliyvnen misgan, aqe-

dan daiwyo kanonmdebloba da xelSekruleba“ (saxel-

mwifo 359 a). anu adamianebi iZulebulni gaxdnen Tavisiyofis gasaumjobeseblad SeeqmnaT cxovrebisaTvisukeTesi pirobebi ramac ganapiroba swored saxelmwi-

fos Seqmna.



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platonTan sazogadoebrivi fena yalibdeba sam

nawilad: mmarTvelebi, mcvelebi da Tavisufali mewar-

me xalxi. is saxelmwifo mcvelebze saubrisas zogjer

iaraRian xalxsac gulisxmobs da mmarTvelebsac, Tum-ca is am or fenas mainc erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad ga-

mijnulad wamodgidgens. aRniSnuli fenebis mdgomare-oba saxelmwifoSi statikuria isini ar gadadian erTma-

neTSi, Tumca maT raRac mkveTr da gancalkevebul daj-

gufebadac ver warmovidgenT. TviTeuli fenisaTvis

ganmsazRvrelia romelime saTnoeba. magaliTad mmar-

Tvel fenaSi es aris sibrZne, mcvelebSi–simamace, xolo

xelosnebsa da miwaTmoqmedebSi – gamWriaxoba. erTi ram

cxadia – platonTan samarTlianoba imgvar saTnoebad

cxaddeba, romelic damaxasiaTebelia yvela da ara ro-

melime erTi fenisTvis.sainteresoa ra ganapirobebs sazogadoebis di-

ferenciacias? magaliTad riT gansazRvravs platoni,rom romelime konkretulma adamianma Seavso mcvele-

bis, an vTqvaT Tavisufali miwaTmoqmedis rigebi? aq

mTavaria erTi ram, Tu adamiani mcvelebis fenaSi mox-vda es araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar uzrunvelhyofs misi

Svilis aucileblad amave fenaSi moxvedras. konkretu-li adamianis romelime socialuri fenisadmi kuTvni-lebis garkveva damokidebulia ara ojaxze da adamianis



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personalur Tvisebebze. sabolood adamiani ama Tu imfenaSi misi piradi TvisebebiTa da talantis meSveobiT

xvdeba, rac mkacrad kontroldeba xelisuflebis mier.ojaxisa da axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdas platoni idea-

luri saxelmwifos erT–erT umniSvnelovanes proble-

mad miiCnevs. platoni cota ar iyos miuRebel formas

iwones ojaxisa, aq is saubrobs kerZo sakuTrebis ak-

rZalvaze saxelmwifoSi, radgan Tvlis rom kerZo mesa-

kuTreoba warmoSobs fufunebas, rac zogadsaxelmwi-foebriv doneze mesakuTruli instiqtebis ganuwyvete-

li zrdaa da is mas omis wyarod acxadebs. es ki plato-

nisaTvis yvela sazogadoebrivi ubedurebis mizezia.saxelmwifo mcvelebsa da mmarTvelebs ekrZalebaT ro-

gorc aucilebelis garda sxva kerZo sakuTrebis qona,ise col–Svilis yola, platoni ar akonkretebs es ak-rZalva mxolod mcvelebze vrceldeba Tu saxelmwifos

yvela moqalaqeze. saerTo col–Svilis idea srul Tan-xmobaSia kerZomesauTruli suliskveTebis aRmof-

xvrasTan (saxelmwifo 464 c–d).platoni metad mkacr pirobebs usazRvravs

maT, kerZod is ambobs, rom ar unda hqondeT iseTi sac-

xovrisi sadac ver SeaRwevda nebismier msurveli, sak-vebi da sxva saarsebo saSualebebi maT unda miiRon mo-

qalaqeebisagan imis fasad, rom isini icaven samSoblos.isini albaT raRac saerTo sacxovreblis tipis saxlSi



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cxovrobdnen unda rogorc omianobis aseve mSvidobia-

nobis dros, maT ar unda hqondeT Sexeba oqrosa da ver-

cxlTan, ar unda hqondeT sakuTari saxli, miwa, fuli,raTa ar iqcnen msxvil mepatroneebad da Sinaur mtre-

bad ar eqcnen sxva moqalaqeebs. (saxelmwifo 417 ab).mcvelebs aseve ekrZalebodaT TviTneburad saxelmwi-

fo sazRvris datoveba.platonis idealur saxelmwifoSi amgvari gadaw-

yvetileba gamarTlebulia saerTo saxelmwifoebriviinteresebis an sazogadoebaSi gamefebuli saerTo pa-

tiviscemiTa da siyvarulis moSveliebiT. anu Tu aravinicis vinaa misi mama an Svili yoveli adamiani mamaSvi-

lur siyvaruls Tanabrad unawilebs yvelas. Tumca aR-saniSnavia rom saxelmwifoSi arsebuli sruli gaur-kvevloba adamianTa warmomavlobaSi gacilebiT ufromniSvnelovan rols asrulebs sazogadoebis socialur

diferenciaciaSi. platoni ar gamoricxavs im garemoe-bas rom niWieri adamianis STamomavali iyos niWieri daSesabamisad talanTiT dajildoebulma adamianma dai-

kavos adgili sazogadoebriv ierarqiaSi. magram man esadgili unda daikavos mxolod Tavisi niWiTa da talan-

tis wyalobiT saxelmwifo aRmzrdel–moxeleebis mierda radganac platonis ideebSi bavSvis mSoblebis vina-oba ucnobia es am garemoebas uwobs xels da is am fenaSiadgils mxolod sakuTari SesaZleblobebis da ara

mSoblebis wyalobiT ikaves. yoveli adamiani gamorCeu-



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li talantiTaa dajildoebuli, amdenad yvela ver gax-

deba mmarTveli an kidev mcveli. platoni romelic ar-

sad ar arRvevs izonomias, anu kanonis winaSe Tanaswo-

robis moTxovnas, amave dros adamianTa bunebiT uTa-

nasworobis ideas SesaZleblad uSvebs. yovelma adami-anma unda daikavos is adgili saxelmwifos socialur

struqturaSi, romelic mis niWsa da pirovnul Tvise-

bebs Seesabameba. TandaTadobiT naTeli xdeba rom esaasamarTlianad organizebuli saxelmwifos ZiriTadi mi-

zani. is saxelmwifoa samarTliani, romelSiac yvelaadamians Sesabamisi adgili aqvs miCenili da ar xdeba

sazogadoebis fenebis aRreva. sakiTxis sruli saxiTwarmosadgenad sainteresoa yuradreba gavamaxviloTra faqtorebs miiCnevda platoni adamianis niWierebisa

da talantis ganmsazRvrelad. SeiZleba kiTxva aramar-Tlzomieradac mogveCvenos magram faqtia adamianebi

gasxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. aq platoni miTs iSveli-ebs da hyveba Tu rogor Seqmna RmerTma miwisagan adami-

ani da rom qmnadobis procesSi zogierTs mieria oqro,zogs vercxli, xolo zogsac rkina da spilenZi. is vi-

sac oqro mieria mmarTvelebs unda Seadgendnen, ver-

cxlnarebi xalxi mcvelebad gamodgebia, xolo rkiniTada spilenZiT Sezavebulebma xelosnebisa da miwaTmoq-

medebis rigebi unda Seavson. yoveli mmarTveli zemoT-qmulidan gamomdinare unda zrunavdes ara imis garkve-



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vaze Tu visi Svilia esa Tu is axalSobili, aramed imaze

Tu ra Tvisebebi gaaCnia mas da Tu aRmoaCens, rom sava-raudod oqronarevi mSoblebis SvilSi sWarbobs spi-

lenZisa da rkinis xasiaTi, mas Sesabamis sazogadoebriv

fenaSi unda miuCinon adgili. es ki niSnavs, rom raRacsaxiT socialuri mobiloba idealur saxelmwifoSi ma-

inc arsebobs.aqedan gamomdinare, ibadeba kiTxva: xom ar iqneba

maTi yofacxovrebis aseTi mkacri reglamentacia gada-

Warbebuli? – sokrate am kiTxvaze pasubobs, rom idea-luri saxelmwifos idea is ki araa romelime fena gaxa-

dos bednieri, aramed maT mTeli am saxelmwifos yvela

fenis amgvar yofaSi cxovreba surdaT.platonis idealur saxelmwifo mmarTvelobad

da saerTod saxelmwifod iseTi saxelmwifo miaCnia sa-

dac arsebuli samive fena, gansxvavebuli bunebiT, Tvi-

Teuli Tavis saqmes akeTebdes. breZenad, mamacad dagamWriaxad is Tvlis Sesabamisi Tvisebebisa da mdgoma-

reobis mqone fenebis saxelmwifos.idealuri saxelmwifo, romelzedac platoni sa-

ubrobs SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ori konkretuli

formiT: is SeiZleba iyos an monarqia an aristokratia

igive rac rCeulTa mmarTveloba. rCeulebi, romlis Se-saxebac platoni laparakobs memkvidreobiTi kasta ar

aris. idealuri saxelmwifos mmarTvelebi rCeuli fi-



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losofosebi arian. aq „filosofosSi“ platoni ar gu-

lisxmobs diplomirebul filosofiis magistrs. pla-toni Zalian bevrs saubrobs filosofosi mmarTvelis

ama Tu im Tvisebis daxasiaTebisas. maT interesebze, mo-

wodebebze da misiaze, aseve maT mniSvnelobaze sazoga-

doebisaTvis.Tanamedrove droisaTvis yvelaze metad Rire-

bul mmarTvelobis formas – demokratias platoniidealur saxelmwifo mmarTvelobad mainc da mainc ar

miiCnevs da bolodan meore adgilas ayenebs mas. Tumca

mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoeba, rom plato-

nisaTvis „demokratia“ iseve, rogorc Zveli romaelebi-

saTvis „respublika“ anu „plebsis mmarTveloba“ gaTa-

nabrebuli iyo ara imdenad „xalxis mmarTvelobasTan“,ramdenadac „mdabioTa mmaTvelobasTan“.

platoni demokratiuli saxelmwifos moqalaqes

uwinares yovlisa ganixilavs, rogorc Tavisufal ada-

mians, radganac amgvar saxelmwifoSi Tavisufleba da

gulaxdiloba sufevs, Sesabamisad, visac ra surs imas

akeTebs da ise warmartavs sakuTar cxovrebas, rogorc

moesurveba. Tavisufleba adamianebis gansxvavebulo-

bas uwyobs xels, gansxvavebuloba ki sazogadoebas mra-

valferovans xdis.



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amgvar saxelmwifoSi arasrulyofil adamia-

nebsac ki lmobierebad eqcevian, rasac platoni Ta-visTaTavisTavad idealur saxelmwifod dasaxuli

modelis principebis ugulebelyofad miiCnevs.platonis xedva saxelmwifo mowyobasTan da-

kavSirebiT ufro jgufuria da ara individualistu-

ri. is CaSlilia fenebSi – mmarTvelTa fena aris swo-

red „elita“ mas adamiani, rogorc amosavali wertili

cale ganxiluli ar hyavs, aramed rogorc saxelmwifos

arsebobis umTavresi amosavali wertili.yovelive zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare plato-

nis „saxelmwifo“ miekuTvneba filosofiur naSromTa

im kategorias, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli xde-ba saxelmwifos Tanamedrove mmarTvis meqanizmebis Se-muSavebaSi garkveuli paralelebis gavleba da maT sa-

fuZvelze axali koncefciebis danergva.platonis ideebi saxelmwifos Sesaxeb dResac ar

kargavs aqtualobas da dResac Tanamedrovea Tavisi ni-

uansebiT. zemoT ganxiluli magaliTebidan SeiZlebauamravi daskvnebis gakeTeba da axali miznebisa da amo-

canebis dasaxva. platoni yovel adamians saxelmwifoSiunawilebs Tavis funqciebs da raTa maT isini srulyo-

filad da uSecdomod Seasrulon. ukrZalavs maT sxva

saqmeebiT dakavebas, rasac saxelmwifo borotebad da

danaSaulad miiCnevs. Tanamedrove epoqaSi Tu adamiani



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Tavis saqmes srulyofilad da pasuxismgeblobiT asru-lebs mas ubralod droc ar rCeba sxvisi saqmeebiT da-

saintereseblad. saxelmwifo ki imdenad rTuli meqa-

nizmia, rom Tu yovelma individma Tavisi saqme ar akeTa

progresi namdvilad ar iqneba.aq maxsendeba citata didi konstantine gamsa-

xurdias didostatis marjvenadan „xelovneba gulis

sisxls moiTxovs safasad, Tu mTeli jani ar Sealie am

sastik bomons araferi gamogiva xelidan“. saxelmwifos

marTvac xom namdvili xelovnebaa.

literatura

platoni, „saxelmwifo“m.biWiaSvili „politikuri Teoria“; Tb., 2006.Tomas m., magStati „gavigoT politika“ ideebi, in-

dtitutebi da problemebi; ilias saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2010.А.В. Скоробогатов, История политических и правовых

учений(6.4. Учение Платона о государстве и праве); Казань2004.



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Khatuna Muradishvili

Plato’s opinions om the ideal state governmenceResume

Many centuries have passed from the antique age till todaywith the growing dynamics. The mankind developed according tosocial and scientific points of view, but those questions, which weredeeply thought by antique philosophers are actual nowadays too andthey are the topics of discussion and argument. That’s why theantique philosophy is unique. It is still actual nowadays.

Many centuries ago this branch developed concepts of theworld importance. Such as government, justice, a law, the supremacyof the law,a leader, especially important are their points of viewabout a political leader, as the basic subject in the governing of astate.



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Хатуна Мурадишвили

Взгляд Платона на идеальное государственноеуправление

Резюме

С античной эпохи прошло много веков , с возрастающейдинамикой развития . Человечество достигло в планеобщественного мировозрения и науки высокого развития, новопросы которые волновали философов античной эпохиактуальны и являются спорным по сей день. В этом заключаетсяуникальность философии античной эпохи. Оно актуально исегодня.

Много веков назад это направление развило и сталоосновой таких мировых понятий как государство, право,закон,верховенство закона и лидер. Особенно важными является ихвзгляды на политических лидеров, как о ключевых субьектах вуправлении государства



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nato saqarTvelos ekonomikuriusafrTxoebis garanti

Tornike mJavanaZe

nato rogorc umsxvilesi samxedro gaerTianeba

warmoadgens usafrTxoebis da stabilurobis garants,misi wevri qveynebisTvis, amdenad qveynisTvis,romelsac ori de faqto regioni gaaCnia da imyofebageografiulad iseT konfliqtur regionSi rogorickavkasiaa bunebrivia esaWiroeba am gaerTianebis

wevroba. natos wevroba saqarTvelosTvis niSnavs metmxardaWeras iseTi aRWurvilobisa da infrastruqt-

uris modernizaciasa da agebaSi, rogoricaa ko-

munikaciebi, sainformacio sistemebi, aeroportebi,sanavigacio sistemebi, radarebi da a.S.

natos erT-erTi gansakuTrebuli damaxasiaT-

ebeli isaa, rom wevri subieqtebi monawileobas Rebu-

lobs gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. natos wev-

rebi gadawyvetilebas ar Rebuloben kenWisyriT, amis

magivrad marTaven konsultaciebs, eZeben problemis

gadaWris gzebs da midian gadawyvetilebamde, romelic

yvelasaTvisaa misaRebi. konsesusis principi aris

natos gadawyvetilebis miRebis ZiriTadi arsi.



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gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileoba

aris erT-erTi sargebeli, romelic SeuZlia miiRos

saqarTvelom, rogorc natos wevrma. es ar arisgaerTianeba sadac mxolod didi saxelmwifoebi

Rebuloben gadawyvetilebebs. zogi patara qveyanapirvelad Tavis istoriaSi erTveba gadawyvetilebis

miRebis procesSi, did da mniSvnelovan qveynebTan da

ZalebTan erTad. „Zalian momgebiania patara qvey-

nisTvis iyos im magidasTan, sadac seriozul gada-

wyvetilebebs Rebuloben“. Tu, rogori mniSvnelovania

patara qveynebisTvis konsensusis wesi, amis ugvianesi

magaliTiasaberZneTis mier aSS-s damarcxeba, maked-

oniis natoSi miRebis sakiTxSi. natos wevrobis kidev

erT upiratesobaa, wvdoma saerTaSoriso politikur

procesebze, patara saxelmwifoebs eZlevaT saSualeba

gavlena iqonion, did saxelmwifoebTan erTad, sxva-

dasxva tipis gadawyvetilebebze, Sesabamisad maT ukeT

SeuZliaT gaataron, TavianTi strategiuli, ekono-

mikuri da politikuri interesebi.qveynis usafrTxoeba aris demokratiuli da

warmatebuli sazogadoebis safuZveli. yvelaferi

maszea damokidebuli. usafrTxoebis gareSe SeuZl-

ebelia visaubroT stabilurobaze, demokratiaze, eko-

nomikur zrdaze da keTildReobaze. amis uaxloesi



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magaliTebia bosnia da kosovo. istoriulad, pataraqveynebi uerTdebian aliansebs rom daicvan Tavisi

teritoriis mTlianoba da SeinarCunon suvereniteti.zlatko SabiCierT-erT Tavis gamosvlaSi ambobs:„sxvebze metad patara qveynebs undaT gadascensuverenitetis nawili saerTaSoriso organizaciebs da

amiTgadarCnen, SeinarCunon damoukidebloba da

ganviTareba“.natoSi yvela wevri valdebulia daexmaros natos

fondebs, aseve natos operaciebs Tavisi erovnuli

ZalebiT da misces natos SeiaraRebul Zalebs, maT

teritoriaze ganlagebis ufleba. koleqtiuri Tav-

dacva aris natos qvakuTxedi, is umniSvnelovanesia

evropisa da transatlantikuri usafrTxoebisTvis.natos „qolgis qveS“ yofna gansakuTrebiT mniSv-

nelovania patara saxelmwifoebisTvis, maTi usaf-

rTxoeba damokidebulia aliansis solidarobaze,radganpatara SeiaraRebuli Zalebis nacvlad, maT

suverenitets icavs didi, teqnologiurad gamarTuli,multi nacionaluriSeiaraRebuli Zalebi. natoSi Sesv-

lis aplikanti qveynebis mixedviT es aris erT-erTi

mTavari mizezi, Tu ratom surT SeuerTdnen alianss.erTis mxriv, zogma SeiZleba ivaraudos, rom avstria,Sveicaria, irlandia da SvedeTi, rogorc neitraluri



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qveynebi, arian usafrTxo da stabiluri. magram ar

undadagvaviwydes, rom evrokavSiri mWidrodaerTianebs am qveynebs ekonomikurad da politikurad

natos wevr qveynebTan, da amdenad aliansi „uzr-unvelyofs usafrTxoebis CarCoebs evropis

ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis 1951 wlis evropisnaxSirisa da liTonis sazogadoebisgan dRevandel

evrokavSiramde“.„yvela wevrisTvis koleqtiuri Tavdacva aris

ufroZviri, vidre erovnuli Tavdacva“. natos yvela

wevrs Seaqvs finansuri wvlili natos fondebSi,jariT, damxmare masalebiT da personaliT. miuxedavad

imisa, rom aliansis wevroba ar aris iafi, miuxedavad

amisa is upiratesobebi rac moaqvs natos, aSkarad aRe-

mateba xarjebs. saqarTvelos, rogorc wevr qveyanaseqneba SesaZlebloba monawileoba miiRos teqnol-

ogiur-samecniero kvleviT samuSaoebSi, romelicnatos wevri qveynebis erToblivi dafinansebiT ganx-

orcieldeba, es aris mniSvnelovani SesaZlebloba, gai-ziaro wevri saxelmwifoebis teqnologiuri da same-

cniero miRwevebi.sabWoTa kavSiris safrTxis Semdeg, iugoslaviis

konfliqti da terorizmis saerTaSoriso safrTxe,iqca Crdilo-atlantikuri aliansis axal gamowvevad.



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imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom patara qveynebs aqvT

SezRuduli biujeti Tavdacvis sferoSi, isiniawydebian did problemebs axal gamowvevebTan gamkl-

avebisas, amdenad maTTvis mniSvnelovania samxedro

aliansSi yofna did saxelmwifoebTan, romlebic Tavis

mxriv uziareben gamocdilebas da uweven daxmarebas.Patara qveynebis problema gaxlavT is, rom maT ar Seu-

ZliaT, damoukideblad Seqmnan unariani samxedro inf-

rastruqtura, aliansis struqturaSi maTi mniSv-

neloba gacilebiT maRalia, vidre struqturis gareT.rogorc NATO_s gafarToebis sakiTxTa

kongresis angariSSia moxsenebuli, natos gafarToebis

periodSi, qveynebSi (romlebic gaxdnen natos wevrebi)miiRes kanonebi raTa uzrunveleyoT samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis kontroli samxedro Zalebze. wevri

saxelmwifoebis midgoma aris, rom Tavdacvas,ekonomikasa da demokratias Soris aris Zalian mWidro

kavSiri, amdenad samoqalaqo seqtoris gaZliereba dademokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba aris natos

prioriteti. sworedac erT-erT moTxovnad natos wev-

robis msurvel saxelmwifoebs,demokratiis maRal

xarisxs uyeneben, romelic dafuZnebulia sabazro

ekonomikis principebze.postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebs,natoSi gawevrianebaSi Zalian daexmaraT politikuri



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sistemis transformacia. usafrTxoeba da stabil-

uroba, romelic dakavSirebulia natos wevrobasTan,aris momavalSi demokratiuli procesebis

TviTuzrunvelyofis safuZveli.natos gafarToeba aris stimuli imisa, rom

damTavrdes uTanxmoeba centraluri da aRmosavleTi

evropis qveynebs Soris. yofili mowinaaRmdegebi axali

garemoebis winaSe aRmoCndnen, natos standartebma da

moTxovnilebebma miaRwies uprecedento SeTanxmebebs,ris Sedegac dastabilurda sazRvrebi da

urTierTTanamSromloba. es Seicavs polonur-litvur

SeTanxmebas 1994 wels, ungrul-slovakur SeTanxmebas

1996 wels, SeTanxmebebis serias poloneTsa da ukrainas

Soris 1996 wels da 1996 wlis germanul-Cexur SeTa-

nxmebas“. kargi urTierToba mniSvnelovania yvelasaT-

vis. es stabilurobis da mSvidobis garantia. stabil-urobasTan da mSvidobasTan erTad modis

keTildReoba.regionSi demokratiis ganviTareba pirdapiraa

dakavSirebuli regionis stabilurobasTan, rac

sasargebloa yvela qveynisTvis. natos Tavdacvis dastabilurobis CarCos moaqvs bevri sargebeli wevri

qveynebisTvis. aliansis qveynebisTvis ukiduresad

mniSvnelovania, qveynebs Soris urTierTobis



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gaumjobeseba. saberZneTi-TurqeTi, gaerTianebuli

samefo-irlandia mxolod magaliTebia Secvlili kriz-

isis da imisa, Tu rogor mSvid garemoSi gadaizarda es

yvelaferi am qveynebisTvis da natosTvis. stabiluri

nato aris saukeTeso niadagi stabiluri evropisTvis.nato aris aramxolod fizikur usafrTxoebaze

orientirebuli organizacia, is aseve zrunavsinstituciurad gamarTul usafrTxo garemos Camoy-

alibebaze. natos standartebi upirveles yovlisa

dafuZnebulia iseTi Zireuli principebis dacvaze,rogoricaa adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, maT

Soris ekonomikisTvis, iseTi mniSvnelovani uflebis

xelSeuxeblobaze, rogoric sakuTrebis uflebaa.natos wevrobis msurvel qveynebs aqvT, rigi

standartebi dasakmayofilebeli, rac bunebriviagulisxmobs reformebs da sakanonmdeblo bazis

gaumjobesebas. daakmayofilo natos standartebiniSnavs miuaxlovde evrokavSiris standartebs da

gaxde evropuli tipis socialur-ekonomikurad

mdgradi saxelmwifo. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos aq

mniSvnelovani winsvla, kerZod korufciis aRqmis

maCveneblis mixedviT is 51-e adgilze imyofeba da

uswrebs evrokavSiris da natos iseT wevr qveynebs,rogoricaa italia, xorvatia, CexeTi da a.S.



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mniSvnelovnad kargi pozicia uWiravs saqarTvelosbiznesis keTebis simartivis indeqsis mixedviT da is

reitingSi me-15 adgils ikavebs, saqarTvelom 2014 welspozicia gaiumjobesa globaluri konkurentunarian-

obis indeqsis reitingSic.ekonomikuri aRmavloba aris sabolo sargebeli

yvela qveynisTvis. dacul da stabilur qveyanas, sadac

kanonis Zala da demokratia dominirebs, moaqvs ekon-omikuri zrda da ufro maRali cxovrebis standarti

yvela adamianisTvis. yvela qveyana natoSi aris „zonaSi

maRali dacvis doniT, romelic pozitiurad cvlis

politikur da ekonomikur mimzidvelobas“. esmniSvnelovania natos axali wevrebisTvis aRmosavleT

da samxreT evropidan.

Lliteratura

Bebler, Anton A, ed. The challenge of NATO enlargement.Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999.

Collier, Paul. The bottom billion: why the poorest countriesare failing and what can be done

about it. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.Hamilton, DanielS., ed. Transatlantic transformations:

Equipping NATO for the 21st CentLay.



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Washington, D.C.: Center for Transatlantic Relations, PaulH. Nitze School of

Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns HopkinsUniversity, 2004.

Qesaraku, Mariola, ed. Costs and Benefits of NATOmembership: Albanian and Regional

Challenges after the Bucharest Summit. Institute forDemocracy and Mediati"on, 2008,

26http://idmalbania.org/publications/en/NATO-IDM -

anglisht.pdf

Tornike Mzhavanadze

NATO as Guarantee of Economic Safety for Georgia

NATO, as the biggest military union, is a guarantee of safetyand stability for member countries; although the country, which hastwo de facto regions and geographically is situated in such conflictregion, as Caucasus, urgently needs the membership of suchorganization.

Membership in NATO means for Georgia more support inmodernization and construction of such equipment and infrastructureas communications, informational systems, airports, navigationsystems, radars and others. Simultaneously Georgia, as a member



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country, will have opportunity to participate in technological-scientific researches, which will be insured by joint financing ofNATO member countries.

NATO is the organization , oriented not only of physicalsafety, it also concerns on the development of institutionally safeenvironment. First of all, standards of NATO are based on such mainprinciples as human rights and freedom, also on immunity of suchimportant right for economics, as right for property. Countries, whowish to become members of NATO, have to satisfy severalrequirements and standards, which by itself means necessity andimprovement of reforms and legislation base. To satisfy NATO’sstandards means to come closer to the standards of EU and becomesocially and economically sustainable state of European type. Fromthis point of view, Georgia has important progress, according to theindex of corruption perception it is on the 51st place and outpacessuch NATO and EU countries, as Italy, Croatia, Czech Republic andothers. Georgia is on the important position according to the index ofsimplicity of making business and it holds the 15th place in rating, in2014 Georgia improved its position also in rating of globalcompetitive index.

Dynamics shows us, that investment becomes to grow,together with the membership of NATO, and it doesn’t depend onwhether the country becomes a member of EU or not. Obtainingforeign investments is important for economics of any country,especially for Georgia which has transitional economics.



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Торнике Мжаванадзе

НАТО как гарантия экономической безопасностиГрузии

Резюме

НАТО, как крупнейшее военное объединение являетсягарантией стабильности и безопасности для стран-членоваллианса. Страна, которая имеет две де факто региона игеографически расположена в таком конфликтном регионе,какКавказ, особенно нуждается в членстве.

Членство НАТО для Грузии означает поддержку вмодернизации и конструктеризации такого оборудования иинфраструктуры как коммуникация, информационные системы,аеропорты, навигационные системы, радары и др. В то же времяу Грузии, как у страны- члена Нато, будет возможность принятьучастие в технологическти-научных исследованиях, которыебудут обеспечены совместным финансированием стран-членовНАТО.

НАТО - организация, которая ориентирована не только нафизическуб безопасность, она также подразумевает развитиеинституционно безопасной среды. В первую очередь, стандартыНАТО основываются на таких принципах,как права и свободачеловека, экономика и право на собвственность.

Страны, которые хотят стать членами НАТО, должнысоответствовать определенным стандартам и требованиям,к-



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оторые сами по себе означают нужность улучшения реформ ибазы законодательства.

Стандарты НАТО озночают приближение к евростанд-артам и становление государства социально и экономическипригодного для государства европейского типа.

С этой точки зрения Грузия испытывает значитедьныйпроресс. Согласно индексу Грузия занимает 51 место по борьбес коррупцией и опережает такие страны НАТО и Евросрюза, какИталия, Чехия, Хорватия и др.

Грузия занимает значительное место и в индексе легкостиведения бизнеса, страна находится на 15 месте в рейтинге.

Динамика показывает, что рост инвестиций пря-мопропорционален членству НАТО, не зависимо от того,станетстрана членом Евросоюза или нет. Привлечение зарубежныхинвестиций важно для любой страны и особенно для Грузии, укоторой транзитная экономика.



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sociologia

SociologyСоциология

religiisa da ojaxis, rogorc socialurierTobebis urTierTmimarTebis

zogierTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb

ineza zoiZe

mkvlevarTa nawilis azriT, laTinuri sityva “re-

ligia” Tavdapirvelad zeadamianur Zalas aRniSnavda,romelic adamianebisagan moiTxovda garkveuli wesiT

moqcevas. am moTxovnas adamianebi asrulebdnen, romTavidan aecilebinaT am Zalebisagan mosalodneli ube-

dureba. sxva mkvlevarebi ki Tvlian, rom religia aRniS-

navs grZnobas, romelic adamians gaaCnia da romliTac

akvirdeba zebunebriv Zalebs am grZnobiT. smitis az-

riT, es termini aRniSnavs imas, “rac adamianis nebas ga-

redan warmarTavs, an ganacdevinebs Zlier emocias, anakeTebinebs konkretul rames da sapasuxod hpirdeba

dasjas, an wyalobas sakuTar sociumSi [m. CitaSvili,



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religiurobis fsiqologia: empiriuli gamokvleve-bi, Tbilisi 1998., gv. 32.]. mogvianebiT religiam dakarga

Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvneloba da zogad cnebad iqca,igi aerTianebs rwmenis yvela sistemas da aRiarebs maT

arsebobas. aseve, SeiZina mravalfunqciuri datvirTvada xSir SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba rogorc did politi-

kaSi ideologiuri, aseve lokalur kulturebSi mora-

luri zemoqmedebis wyarod.religiis funqciebidan erT-erTi mniSvnelova-

ni socialuri funqciaa, igi Rrma dainteresebas iCens

sazogadoebisa da sazogadoebrivi procesebis mimarT,adamianTa jgufobrivi gaerTianebebisa da maTi urTi-

erTobebis, socialuri cxovrebis mTeli rigi saWirbo-

roto sakiTxebisadmi. rwmenis, religiuri grZnobisa dasakulto moqmedebaTa saSualebiT religia qmediT ze-

gavlenas axdens sazogadoebaze, adamianTa gaerTiane-

bebsa da calkeul socialur jgufebze, xels uwyobs

maT winaSe wamoWrili problemebis gadaWras, cxovrebis

Taviseburebebis gacnobierebas. konfesiebi, rasakvir-

velia, gansxvavdebian TavianTi miznebiTac da maTi gan-

xorcielebis saSualebebiTac, magram yoveli maTgani

asrulebs garkveul socialur_daniSnulebiT funqci-

as [l.kodua, Tb., 1995., gv. 34.].religiis socialuri funqcia Seiswavles mar-

qsma, emil diurkheimma da maqs veberma. emil diurkhei-



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mis Tanaxmad, religia ara mxolod asaxavs sazogadoe-

bis struqturas, aramed xels uwyobs mis gamyarebas.mas gaaCnia gamaerTianebeli funqcia, radgan axdensadamianebis yuradRebis koncentrirebas da maT daime-

debas. diurkheimi amtkicebs, rom cxovrebis yvela

mxare zustadaa asaxuli religiiT. religiuri wes-_Cveulebebi, erTi mxriv, badeben axal ideebsa da az-

rovnebis kategoriebs, meore mxriv, amyareben ukve Ca-

moyalibebul faseulobebs. religia gvevlineba aramxolod Tanamimdevrul grZnobad da qmedebis saSua-

lebad, aramed gansazRvravs adamianis azrovnebis wess

tradicil kulturebSi [ Н. Смелзер, м 1994, ст. 471], e.i.diurkheimi miiCnevs, rom religiis socialuri funqcia

es aris sazogadoebrivi kavSirebis asaxva da gamagreba,rac vlindeba koleqtiur CvevebSi, wes-CveulebebSi,tradiciebSi, zne-CveulebebSi, qcevis wesebSi. yoveli-ve es ki garkveuli periodis Semdeg xdeba socialuri

erTsulovnebis garanti [n.d. eriaSvili, d.i. belski,a.i.kravCenko, s.i. kurganovi, Tb., 2001, gv., 18-2011].

rodesac vsaubrobT religiis socialur fun-

qciaze, erT-erT mTavar sakiTxad rCeba ojaxi da sao-

jaxo urTierTobebi da masze religiis gavlena. reli-gia ojaxs uqmnis moralur Zalauflebas da maintegri-

rebel rols. socialuri garemo, sadac vibadebiT da



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vizrdebiT gavlenas axdens Cvens qcevaze. socializa-

ciac, aseve, individualobisa da Tavisuflebis sawyi-

sia. misi meSveobiT xdeba socialur rolTa aTviseba.socializebuli adamiani advilad axdens sakuTari Ta-

vis integraciasa da realizebas garemoSi. igi izia-

rebs Tavisi socialuri jgufis Sexedulebebs, faseu-

lobebs, Rirebulebebs da urTierTobas amyarebs imave

kulturis sxva warmomadgenlebTan. socializaciis

procesSi xdeba identobis xarisxis gansazRvrac. in-

dividis socializaciis procesi iwyeba ojaxSi, sadac

adamiani yoveldRiurad iRebs sasjels an jildos,swavlobs ra aris daSvebuli da ra ara. erkveva ra val-

debulebebi aqvs da nel-nela xdeba ojaxis srulufle-

biani wevri. am gagebiT ojaxi sazogadoebiserT-erTi

ZiriTadi socialuri ujredia da udides gavlenas ax-

dnes pirovnuli Rirebulebebis formirebaze, rac Sem-dgomSi ganapirobebs adaminis qcevis normebis Camoya-

libebas.Zogadad, ojaxi yvela tipis sazogadoebi-

saTvis damaxasiaTebeli socialuri ujredia Tavisi

saxesxvaobebiT. ojaxebi gansxvavebul da mravalkul-

turul garemoebebSi warmoiSobian da viTardebian,kveTen rogorc geografiul, aseve, kulturul da is-

toriul sazRvrebs. maTi mravalsaxeoba gamoixateba

ojaxur struqturaSi, ganviTarebis procesebSi, is-



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toriaSi, socialur da bunebriv konteqstebSi. msof-lioSi arsebobs ojaxebis mravali saxeoba maTi qorwi-

nebis, ojaxis Seqmnis da ojaxis struqturis mixedviT,axasiaTebs msgavsebebi da ganicdis cvlilebebs da

sirTuleebs, rodesac cdilobs moergos Tanamedrove

cxovrebis moTxovnebsa da pirobebs, rac damokidebu-

lia kulturul Taviseburebebze, religiur aRmsareb-

lobaze, socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobaze,mTavrobis politikaze da saojaxo politikis SemuSa-

vebasa da ganxorcielebaze. ojaxs sxvadasxva mecniere-

ba gansxvavebulad gansazRvravs, win wamoswevs misTvis

pirvel rigSi saintereso sakiTxebs. bevrma mkvlevarma

da mecnierma scada Taviseburad ganesazRvra ojaxi. m.beqaias ganmartebiT ojaxi aris qorwinebiT Tu naTesa-

ur urTierTobaSi myofi pirovnebebisagan Semdgari,istoriulad gansazRvruli organizaciis mqone mcire

jgufi, romlis Tavdapirveli Seqmna da Semdgomi arse-boba ganpirobebulia mTeli sazogadoebisa da calkeu-

li pirovnebebis fsiqo-bio-socialuri moTxovnilebe-

bis ganuyofeli erTianobis ZaliT. aseT ganmartebaSi,maTi azriT, asaxulia ojaxis arsic, Semadgenlobac, sa-zogadoebriv cxovrebasTan kavSiric da momavlis per-

speqtivac [m. beqaia, g. wulaZe, z. goqaZe, g. melaZe,Tb.,1996].



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sociologebis azriT ojaxi aris adgi-

li, sadac individualuri qceva sazogadoebriv

normebs da tradiciebs ukavSirdeba, mas xSirad

uwodeben sazogadoebis ZiriTad birTvs, romelsac

gaaCnia sakomunikacio, saintegracio da maregulire-

beli funqcia [n.d. eriaSvili, Tb., 2001, gv., 18-2011] so-ciologiuri kuTxiT mkvlevarebi dainteresebulni

arian, Tu ramdenad inarCunebs an icvleba ojaxSi sa-

zogadoebrivi normebi, wesebi, rogor xorcieldeba ma-

Ti miReba da rogor funqcionirebs. cnobilia, romadamianebze da adamianTa erTobebze gavlenas axdens

socialuri garemo, ojaxSi sruliad sxvadasxva arxe-

biT, pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri gziT, Tavs iyris daerTiandeba sazogadoebis cxovrebis yvela ZiriTadi

momenti – uflebrivi, ekonomikuri, socialuri, profe-

siuli, zneobrivi da a.S. romlebic ojaxze zemoqmede-

ben ara cal-calke da damoukideblad, aramed kompleq-

surad, rac mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs ojaxs, ro-

gorc sazogadoebis qvesistemas, socialur instituts,mis cvlilebebsa da ganviTarebas.

istoriuli ganviTarebis manZilze icvleba da

viTardeba sazogadoeba, magram ojaxis funqciebi TiT-

qmis ucvleli rCeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom icvleba mi-

si daniSnuleba da miznebi. rigi sazogadoebrivi moT-



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xovnilebis cvllebebis miuxedavad ojaxi mainc inar-

Cunebs im rols, romelic mas Tavidanve daekisra. oja-

xi aris is socialuri ujredi, sadac pirvelad cnobie-

reba uyalibdeba adamians.ojaxi imdenad Zveli da tradiciuli socialu-

ri institutia, rom gaCnda warmodgena misi rogorc

religiurobis matarebel erT-erT yvelaze mniSvne-

lovan fenomenze, SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom ojaxi

adamianebis sakraluri erTobaa,ramdenadac religiu-ri cnobierebis Camoyalibebisa da religiuri ritua-

lebis Sesrulebis rolis meti wili modis ojaxze.re-ligia garkveulwilad safuZvels udebs socialuri

normebis sistemebis Camoyalibebas,rac moraluri ze-

moqmedebis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens. iseve

rogorc sazogadoeba, aseve ojaxic rodesac kargavs

moralur Zalauflebas Tavis wevrebze, iwyeba dezor-

ganizacia, qaosi, dabldeba integraciis xarisxi. ojaxi,rogorc mniSvnelovani socialuri instituti warmo-adgens sazogadoebis araformaluri socialuri kon-

trolis agents, socialuri kontrolis erTian siste-

maSi organulad aris CarTuli religiac. tradiciul

dResaswaulebTan da wes-CveulebebTan dakavSirebuli

ritualebis (mag.,qorwineba, bavSvis dabadeba,mSobel-sa da Svils Soris damokidebulebisa da zegavlenis



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faqtorebi, saojaxo meurneobasTan dakavSirebuli

wes-Cveulebebi da sxva) mkacri dacva zrdis socia-

luri normebisadmi pativiscemis grZnobas, soli-

darobis xarisxis amaRlebas, rac garkveulwiladojaxis simyaris safuZvels warmoadgens da naT-

lad aCvenebs ojaxsa da religias Soris kavSirs. re-ligiuri normebi mTeli rigi akrZalvebiTa da qcevismakontrolebeli meqnizmebiT garkveul mimarTule-

bas aZleven ojaxis ganviTarebas.amrigad, ojaxi sazogadobis mniSvnelovani so-

cialuri ujredia, romelic sazogadoebrivi ganviTa-

rebis kvaldakval viTardeba, magram ar kargavs Tavis

mniSvnelobas, rogorc sazogadoebis integraciis,aseve kulturuli ganviTarebis, individualizmis,identobis Camoyalibebisa da socializaciis saqmeSi.yovelive amaze ki gansakuTrebul gavlenas axdens

religia, romelic aseve sazogadoebis mniSvnelovan

socialur institutad ganixileba. religia xels uw-

yobs socialuri normebis sistemis Casmoyalibebas,romlebic ojaxis stabilurobisa da simyaris mniSvne-

lovan garantad iTvleba, ramdenadac is iZleva TiTo-eul individze moraluri zemoqmedebis saSualebas

da warmoadgens makontrolebel meqanizms.



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literatura

m. beqaia, g. wulaZe, z. goqaZe, g. melaZe - ojaxiskrizisi saqarTveloSi da saojaxo politikis princi-

pebi, Tbilisi,1996n.eriaSvili,d.i.belski,a.i.kravCenko,s.i.krgano-

vi,sociologia iuristebisatvis,Tbilisi, 2001l.kodua, qristianuli religiis zneobrivi fun-

qcia, Tb. 1995m. CitaSvili, religiurobis fsiqologia: empiriu-

li gamokvlevebi , Tbilisi 1998Н. Смелзер. Социология, м 1994



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Ineza Zoidze

About some issues concerning interrelations betweenreligion and family as social unions

Resume

The essence of a family as a social institution is discussed inthe article as well as its social role and influence on socializationprocesses. Attention is drawn to importance and role of religion infamily social changes.

A family as a unit of a society is following the socialdevelopment and doesn’t lose its importance in the process of socialintegration, cultural development, individualism, identitydevelopment and socialization. Religion which is an important socialinstitution especially influences all of the above mentionedprocesses. Religion helps develop a system of social norms whichgives moral power to a family and represents a controllingmechanism.



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Инеза Зоидзе

О некоторых вопросах взаимосвязи религии и семьикак социальних обеденений

Резюме

В статье рассмотрено значение семьи как социальногоинститута, ее назначение, влияние на происходящие вобществе процессы социализации. Внимание уделяетсязначению религии, ее роли на происходящие в семьесоциальные изменения.

Семья, как одна из значимых социальных единицобщества, развивается следом за общественным развитием,однако, не теряет свою значимость, как в деле общественнойинтеграции, так и культурного развития, формированияидентичности и в деле социализации. На все эти процессы, вобщем итоге, влияет религия, которая рассматривается какважнейший социальный институт. Религия способствуетформированию системы социальных норм, что создает длясемьи моральную власть и представляет механизмобщественного контроля.



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pedagogika

PedagogyПедагогика

axali sainformacio teqnologiebisdanergva saswavlo procesSi: problemebi

da perspeqtivebi

madona falavandiSvili

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove peri-odi kompiuteruli teqnologiebis Zlieri zegavle-niT xasiaTdeba, romlebic, aRweven ra adamianurimoRvaweobis yvela sferoSi, sazogadoebaSi informa-ciuli nakadebis gavrcelebas uwyoben xels, racglobalur sainformacio sivrces qmnis. am procese-bis ganuyofeli da mniSvnelovani nawili ganaTlebiskompiuterizaciaa. am process Tan sdevs pedagogiu-ri Teoriisa da praqtikis arsebiTi cvlilebebi, da-kavSirebuli swavlebis teqnologiis Sinaarsis ko-reqtirebasTan. es cvlilebebi adekvaturad unda Se-esabamebodes Tanamedrove teqnologiuri SesaZleb-lobebs, da xels unda uwyobdes bavSvis harmoniul



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Serwymas informaciul sazogadoebaSi. dRes ukve aS-karad ikveTeba saerTo ganaTlebis mTeli sistemisganaxlebis aucilebloba. pirvel rigSi, es ukavSir-deba Tanamedrove skolis winaSe arsebul axal ga-mowvevas _ moamzados mozardebi axali socialur-

ekonomikuri realobisTvis; meorec, pedagogiuri sa-zogadoeba saWiroebs cvlilebebs ganaTlebis siste-maSi, rasac adasturebs pedagogTa uCveulod didiinteresi inovaciebisadmi; mesame, TviT politikurisistemis warmmarTvelebi arian daiteresebulni zo-gadi ganaTlebis arsebuli sistemis SecvliT. axalisainformacio teqnologiebi _ es aris ara mxolodteqnikuri saSualebebi, aramed swavlebis axaliformebi da meTodebi, axleburi midgoma swavlebisada aRzrdis procesisadmi. Tanamedrove pedagogiuriteqnologiebi, iseTebi, rogoricaa proeqtis meTo-dika, sainformacio teqnologiebis, internetresur-sebis gamoyeneba, pirovnebis realizacias uwyobsxels, uzrunvelyofs individualurobasa da swavle-bis diferenciacias mozardTa unarebisa da SesaZ-leblobebis, maTi ganswavlulobis donis, interese-bis da misTanaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

ganaTlebis informatizaciis problemebi XXI

saukunis umniSvnelovanesi fundamenturi da globa-luri problemaa. saganmanaTleblo praqtikaSi sain-formacio teqnologiebis farTod danergva pedago-



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giur sazogadoebaSi warmoSobs erTgvar socialurdaZabulobas, dakavSirebuls teqnikuri bazis Seq-mnasTan, aTvisebasa da danergvasTan. kompiuterisada internetis saswavlo procesSi gamoyeneba mudmi-vad da sistemurad unda xdebodes. aq aSkara xdeba,rom amisTvis saWiroa ara ubralod codna, aramedsakuTari pedagogiuri koncefciis gansazRvruli ga-daxedvac _ saWiro xdeba erTgvari gurus kvar-cxlbekidan Camosvla da moswavleebis gverdiT, mer-xTan dajdoma; maTTan erTad moamzado Tema kompiu-terze, rac, rogorc wesi, teqnikurad ukeTes SesaZ-leblobas iZleva amgvari saqmianobisTvis. anu peda-gogma unda ipovos sakuTari Tavi axal, informati-zebul saganmanaTleblo procesSi. mxolod sainfor-macio teqnologiebis gamoyenebas SeuZlia safuZvel-Sive Secvalos situacia Tanadrouli, sasargebloda, rac mTavaria, aradamamZimebeli urTierTobisorganizebisTvis.

Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebi, garkveul-

wilad, cvlis, aaxlebs maswavleblis saqmianobas. miuxe-

davad rigi udavo upiratesobebisa, arc erT Tanamed-

rove teqnikur saSualebas ar SeuZlia aRmzrdeli-peda-

gogis rolze pretenziis gacxadeba. rasakvirvelia,kompiuters SeuZlia zogierTi im funqciis Sesruleba,romelic adre axasiaTebda mxolod pedagogs: moswav-

lis moqmedebis analizi, miniSnebebis gacema, kiTxvebis



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dasma, pasuxis Sefaseba, kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema (roca

kiTxvebisa da Temebis wre winaswar gansazRvrulia), ma-

Sin, rodesac pedagogs SeuZlia pasuxi gasces nebismier

SekiTxvas, maT Soris, cudad formulirebuls; amasTan,pedagogis pasuxi iqneba formulirebuli moswavlis Se-

saZleblobis, misi pirovnebis faqtorebisa da pirobe-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT“ (Захарова 2003:192).praqtika gviCvenebs, rom saswavlo dawesebu-

lebis informatizaciis procesi unda moicavdesSemdegi sakvanZo problemebis gadawyvetas: es aristeqnologiuri, pedagogiuri da fsiqologiuriproblemebi. garda amisa, saWiroa:

1. Tanamedrove sainformacio-kompiuteruliteqnologiebis realizebisTvis aucilebeli teqniku-ri da materialuri bazis Seqmna;

2. axali pedagogikuri da mmarTvelobiTi sain-formacio kulturis formireba, dafuZnebuli in-formatikis fundamentur codnaze;

saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi internetis daner-gvis pirvelive nabijebma naTlad aCvena sistemisganviTarebisaTvis misi uzarmazari SesaZleblobebi.pedagogis mier sainformacio teqnologiebis aTvise-ba mas aZlevs SesaZleblobas:

_ hqondes wvdoma usazRvro moculobis sas-wavlo da samecniero informaciaze;



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_ ganaxorcielos saswavlo procesis kompiu-terizacia;

_ moaxdinos sxvadasxva saxis informaciis de-talize da gazogadeba;

_ awarmoos axali informaciebis kvalificiu-ri da mravalgzisi gamoyeneba TviTganviTarebisprocessa da praqtikul saqmianobaSi.

Tanamedrove mozardi cxovrobs mravalricxova-

ni mediaSesaZleblo- bebis samyaroSi, sadac bavSvs au-cileblad sWirdeba garkveuli codna stiqiurad mom-dinare ganusazRvreli raodenobis informaciis mis-

Tvis saWiro informaciad daxarisxebis, gacnobisa da

gamoyenebis mizniT. internetwyaroebis, uaxlesi saer-

TaSoriso kvlevebis analizis mixedviT, bavSvebs arCe-vanis sruli Tavisufleba aqvT kompiuteriTa da inter-

netiT sargeblobis SemTxvevaSi. maT xeli miuwvdebaT

yvelanairi Sinaarsisa da formis informaciaze. auci-lebelia momzaddes kanonmdebloba da specialuri

programebi internetis zemoqmedebisagan dacvis, in-

ternetresursebis sworad, saganmanaTleblo da aR-mzrdelobiTi mizniT gamoyenebisaTvis

pedagogTa damatebiTi ganaTlebis sainforma-cio kompetenciis specifika imaSi mdgomareobs, rommas SeuZlia imuSaos didi raodenobis informacias-Tan rogorc mecadineobaze, ise misi dasrulebisSemdeg, rac uTuod Seuwyobs xels aRsazrdelebis



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ufro met dainteresebas konkretuli sakiTxebiT,

radgan maT eZlevaT SesaZlebloba damoukidebladmoiZion maTTvis saWiro informacia.

sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba aqtu-aluria rogorc Teoriuli swavlebis, ise praqtiku-li mecadineobebis dros. damatebiTi ganaTlebis pe-dagogis individualuri sainformacio-saganmanaT-leblo sivrce aris erTiani da Sevsebadi. sainfor-macio teqnologiebis aTviseba xels uwyobs am siv-rcis gafarToebas da mis mravalfunqciur gamoyene-bas, saganmanaTleblo moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

Tanamedrove kompiuteri _ es ara mxolodswavlebisa da informaciis miRebis instrumentia,aramed TviTgamoxatvis saSualebac, mas SeuZlia pi-rovnebis Sinagani samyaros formireba, fantaziisada SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTareba. saboloojamSi, bavSvebs SeuZliaT kompiuterebi aqcion Se-moqmedebiT saxelosnod, sadac Seqmnian da ganaxor-cieleben TavianT saavtoro Tუ SemoqmedebiT proeq-tebs.

literatura

imedaZe naTela, janaSia naTia, gorgoZe sofio

,,ganviTarebisa da swavlis Teoriebi“. Tbilisi -2008.



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xazaraZe o. ,,swavlebis teqnikuri saSualebebi’’.Jurnali ,,skola da cxovreba’’. №10. Tbilisi - 1971

jiblaZe g. ,,daprogramebuli swavlebis da swavle-

baSi teqnikur saSualebaTa gamoyenebis problemebi’’.Jurnali ,,skola da cxovreba’’. №4. Tbilisi - 1971

Захарова И.Г. Информационные технологии вобразовании: Учеб. пособие для студ. высш. пед. учеб.заведений. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2003

Мадона Палавандишвили

Внедрение новых информационных технологий вучебный процесс: проблемы и перспективы

Резюме

Молодёжь живёт сейчас в мире современныхтехнологий. Технический прогресс навязывает им свои новыеценности и правила жизни, которые порой противоречатестественному и гармоничному их развитию. Очень важно,чтобы достижения техники не мешали, а способствовалидуховному развитию детей. Настало время существеннопреобразовывать систему дополнительного образования.



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Madona Falavandishvili

Introducing new information technologies in learningprocess, problems and perspectives

Resume

Nowadays the youth lives in a world of modern technologies.Technical progress with its characteristic values and lifestyle isspreading which sometimes contradicts the natural harmoniousdevelopment. It is important to ensure that technical progress didn’thinder a child’s spiritual development but helped to develop it. It istime to substantially change the educational system.



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biznesi da ekonomika

Business and EconomyБизнес и экономика

socialur-eTikuri faqtorebis rolibiznesis organizaciis efeqtur

funqcionirebaSi

TamTa varSaniZe

organizacia es aris Segnebulad koordinirebuli

„socialuri warmonaqmni“, romelic marTvas saWiroebs.menejeris mTavari funqcia ki mis xelT arsebuli mate-rialuri da adamianuri resursebis swori koordinacia

da kontrolia. „socialuri warmonaqmni“ gulisxmobsadamianebis TanamSromlobas erTi saerTo miznis mi-

saRwevad. rac kidev erTxel adasturebs im faqts, romadamianebs Soris TanamSromloba gansazRvravs organi-

zaciis momavals.menejmentis moralur-eTikuri aspeqtebis aqtu-

aloba ganpirobebulia korporaciebis mudmivi swraf-



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viT progresisaken, mogebis maqsimizaciis mizniT, ris

safuZvelzec xSirad vawydebiT problemebs, romelicgamowveulia ekonomikuri bazris mniSvnelobis araswo-

rad aRqmiT. xSirad bazari aRiqmeba, rogorc universa-

luri nebadarTulobis simbolo, rac arTulebs sabaz-

ro urTierTobebs. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia TiToeu-

li organizaciis sakuTari xedva da faseulobebi, ro-

melic yalibdba rogorc organizaciuli kultura.organizaciuli kultura es aris faseulobaTa

sistema, qcevis standartebi, problemebis gadawyvetis

gzebi, azrovnebis stili da moqmedebis saSualebebi,romelsac ama Tu im xarisxiT yvela TanamSromeli izia-

rebs. is kompaniisTvi erTgvar imunur sistemas warmo-

adgens, romelic icavs erT mTlian organizms (am Sem-

TxvevaSi organizacias) infeqciisa da virusebisagan. esaris dinamiuri movlena romelic icvleba menejeris

midgomebis Secvlis Sesabamisad.imisaTvis rom moiwvion da SeinarCunon Rirebuli

TanamSromlebi, organizaciebi TavianT saqmianobas

warmarTaven eTikuri principebis dacviT. isini qmnian

eTikur kodeqsebs, axdenen TanamSromlebis eTikuri

qcevis waxalisebas, dadebiTi qcevis nimuSebis rekla-

mirebas da ayalibeben Sida procedurebs, romelTa meS-

veobiT xdeba moraluri principebis dacva. es aris sam-



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magi sargeblis sistemis warmoSobis winapiroba: Tanam-Sromloba da gunduri muSaoba xels uwyobs individe-

bis SromiT kmayofilebis warmoSobas, vinaidan isiniRebuloben daswavlisa da pirovnuli ganviTarebis Se-

saZleblobebs, ician rom SeaqvT mniSvnelovani wvlili

saerTo miznis misaRwevad, riTac mTlianobaSi izrdebaorganizaciis efeqtianoba da kmayofildeba sazogado-

ebis moTxovnebi.moralur-eTikur aspeqtebze saubrisas mniSvne-

lovania ganisazRvros Tu ramdenad TanxvedraSi modisorganizaciuli kultura axlad ayvanili TanamSrom-

lis eTikur RirebulebebTan. am Tanxvedras swored pi-

rovnebis socializacia ganapirobebs. socializaciisprincipebis meSveobiT adamiani iTvisebs qcevis wesebs

da agreTve Sexedulebebisa da ganwyobebis sistemebs,romlebic individs, rogorc sazogadoebis wevrs,

efeqtianad funqcionirebis saSualebas aZlevs.kulturebi gansxvavdebian agreTve eqspresiu-

lobis gamoxatvis da piradi sivrcis ganmsazRvreli

normebis mixedviT. Crdilo evropis mkacri kulturiswarmomadgenlebi xmelTaSuazRvis kulturis eqspresi-

ul warmomadgenlebs aRiqvamen rogorc „guliTad, ara-

saqmian da drois uqmad mxarjav adamianebs“. piriqiT,

samxreTelebi evropis CrdiloeTSi mcxovreblebs „saq-



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mian, civ da zedmetad punqtualur“ adamianebar miiCne-

ven (Triandis, 1981).filosofosi da logikis specialisti Jan piaJe

ikvlevda inteleqts, sadac gamoyo aRqma da motivacia,aRqma rogorc kvlevis sagani, romelic SeiZleba Seda-

rebuli iqnes inteleqtTan da daupirispirdes mas, xo-

lo motivacia ganisazRvreba, rogorc inteleqtisaT-

vis damaxasiaTebeli impulsebi. isini SeiZleba gamoixa-

ton kvleviT impulsebSi da aTvisebis miswrafebaSi. J.piaJe darwmunebulia, rom zrdasruli adamianis qcevis

gageba SeuZlebelia ganviTarebis perspeqtivis gareSe,es ukanaskneli ki eTikuri nomrebis formirebas uwyobs

xels.jer kidev sokratem yuradReba miaqcia im faqts,

rom eTika sakuTari arsiT paradoqsulia. eTikis fi-losofiuri safuZveli, esaa keTilisa da borotis ga-

yofa. sokrates ideis siRrme imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

eTikis swavleba ar SeiZleba. aseve ar SeiZleba misiTrogorc raRac abstraqtuli sistemiT xelmZRvanelo-

ba. SesaZlebelia misi mxolod gancda. eTika mxolod

imis koleqtiuri „gamosaxulebaa“, rac Cven ganvicadeT.Sesabamisad, sakuTari moraluri principebi rom Seimu-

Saos, bevri dabrkoleba unda gadalaxos, cxadia es



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mtkiceba exeba biznessac, rogorc sazogadoebis na-

wils.is rac guSin eTikuri iyo, xval SeiZleba araeTi-

kuri aRmoCndes. normebze dafuZnebuli eTikis Seqmnis

mcdelobebi axlac mimdinareobs, magram kacobriobis

mTeli gamocdileba adasturebs, rom aseTi raciona-luri konstruqcia amuxruWebs sazogadoebis ganviTa-

rebas da axlis dabadebas xels uSlis. eTika ixreba ra-

cionalurisaken, radgan es aramaterialuri substan-

ciaa.biznes eTika esaa koleqtiuri TviTSegnebis for-

ma da biznesi eTikuri iqneba zustad imdenad ramdena-

dac misi TviTSegnebaa ganviTarebuli. aseTi eTikurisistema gaxdeba mudmivad cvalebad koordinatTa sis-

tema, romelsac Tavad biznesi daaregulirebs.eTikuri relativizmis mimdevrebi amtkiceben,

rom moralis principebs gansazRvravs, upirveles yov-

lisa is sazogadoeba, romelSic maTi formireba xdeba.ar arsebobs absoluturi eTikuri standarti kultu-

ruli konteqstis gareSe. qmedeba, romelic evropul

qveynebSi misaRebad iTvleba, axlo aRmosavleTSi SeiZ-

leba miuRebeli aRmoCndes. kompaniebisaTvis, romle-bic saerTaSoriso doneze saqmianoben eTikuri rela-

tivizmi metad praqtikuli filosofiaa, gansakuTre-



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biT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac isini erTmaneTs konkuren-

cias uweven msoflio doneze, romelTa qveynis mora-luri kodeqsebi arsebiTad zemoqmedebs adamianis qce-

vis normebze.organizaciis kulturis formirebas, eTikuri

normebis Camoyalibebas korporaciaSi, mniSvnelovnad

gansazRvravs xelmZRvanelobis stili, dReisaTvis mi-Rebuli klasifikaciis Tanamedrove sistemis mixedviT,

ganasxvaveben xelmZRvanelobis avtokratiul, demok-

ratiul da liberalur stils.avtokratiuli xelmZRvaneli flobs sakmaod Za-

lauflebas imisTvis, rom Tavisi neba Tavs moaxviosSemsruleblebs da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi yovel-

gvari meryeobis gareSe mimarTavs mas. avtokrati ax-

dens uflebamosilebaTa centralizacias, xelqveiTTaSromis struqturirebas da TiTqmis ar aZlevs maT Ta-

visuflebas gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi. samu-Saos Sesrulebis mizniT avtokrats SeuZlia fsiqolo-

giuri zewola xelqveiTze. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi

organizaciuli eTika ganisazRvreba erTpirovnulad,rac qmnis arajansaR garemos.

Tanamedrove xelmZRvaneli cdilobs Seqmnas

jansaRi garemo, rac xels Seuwyobs samuSao procesis

gamartivebas da efeqtianobis amaRlebas, es TavisTa-



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vad did Zalisxmevas da energias moiTxovs. demokratistilis xelmZRvaneli xasiaTdeba uflebamosilebaTa

decentralizaciis maRali xarisxiT, xelqveiTebi aqti-

urad monawileoben gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi. maRalierarqiul safexurze myofi demokratiuli xelmZRva-neli cdilobs daarwmunos xelqveiTi TviTon gadawyvi-ton warmoSobili problemebi da ar eZebon xelmZRva-

nelTa mxridan daxmareba.SeiZleba iTqvas, liberali stili yvela Sem-

TxvevaSi wamgebiania organizaciisaTvis. liberali

xelmZRvaneli urigdeba uaryofiT movlenebs, rac mav-

ne Semwynareblurad unda CaiTvalos, radgan msgavs si-tuaciebSi izrdeba muSakTa mier disciplinis darRve-vis SemTxvevaTa raodenoba da mcirdeba organizaciis

efeqtianad funqcionirebis SesaZlebloba.moralur-eTikuri problemebis ganxilvisas auci-

lebelia gamovyoT meoce saukunis moazrovnis da fsi-

qoanalitikosis erix fromis klasifikacia, froms mi-aCnia, rom arsebobs avtoritaruli da humanisturi

eTika. avtoritaruli eTikis Sesabamisad, korporacia-Si avtoriteti gansazRvravs qcevis wesebs da adgens

TanamSromlis saqmianobisaTvis prioritetebs, xolohumanisturi eTikis Sesabamisad individi TavisiT gan-

sazRvravs saqmianobis mimarTulebebs, Tavad aris wese-



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bis Semoqmedic da Semsrulebelic, Tavad awesrigebs,uwevs kontrols da emorCileba mas.

avtoritarul eTikas iracionaluri avtoriteti

Seesabameba, xolo humanisturi eTika mxolod raciona-lur avtoritets gansazRvravs. mniSvnelovania maTierTmaneTisgan gamijvna, radgan racionaluri avtori-

tetis saTave codna, kompetenturoba da profesiona-

lizmia, maSin roca iracionaluri piriqiT, SiSs da Za-

lauflebas emyareba. unda aRiniSnos, rom oganizaciaSimaqsimaluri Sedegi maSin miiReba, rodesac firmisa da

individis interesebi TanxvedraSi modis.adamianebs mkveTrad ganasxvaveben erTmaneTisgan

maTi genetikuri gansazRvrulobiTa da individualu-

ri gamocdilebiT, individualuri gansxvavebebi ganapi-

robebs im faqts, rom momuSaveebis yvelaze efeqtiani

Sromis miiRweva maSin, rodesac menejeri yoveli maTga-

nisTvis iyenebs specifikur midgomebs. yoveli adamianiindividualurad aRiqvams mis garSemo mimdinare mov-lenebs sistematizaciia da interpretaciis im meqaniz-

mebis meSveobiT, romlebic miRebuli gamocdilebis sa-

fuZvelze yalibdeba.eTika ar warmoadgens arsis kanonTa maZiebel so-

ciologiur da fsiqologiur mecnierebas, es aucile-

beli normebis damdgeni filosofiuri sagania. praAAqti-

kul filosofiaSi gveubneba kanti- „ saqme is ki araa,



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Tu ra xdeba, aramed kanonebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra unda

xdebodes, Tundac imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es SeiZ-

leba arc ki ganxorcieldes“.kanti Tavis naSromSi „praqtikuli gonis kriti-

ka“ aRniSnavs: „adamiani da zogadad, yoveli gonieri ar-

seba arsebobs TavisTavad, rogorc mizani, ara mxolod

rogorc saSualeba romelime survilis misaRwevad,aramed igi yvela Tavis qmedebaSi, romelic mimarTulia

sakuTari Tavisadmi da aseve, sxva gonieri arsebisadmi,yovelTvis unda ganixilebodis, rogorc mizani.“ aqe-dan gamomdinare, yvela menejeri unda amovides im er-

TaderTi msjelobidan - adamiani es iseTi fenomenia,romelic individualur damokidebulebas da midgomassaWiroebs masqsimaluri SedegianobisaTvis da miznis

misaRwevad. swored es sakiTxi gvevlineba eTikur

problemad, radgan menejerebi xSirad ver acnobiere-ben maT winaSe mdgar eTikur gansxvavebebs, romelic

morals efuZneba.adamianis cxovreba yalibdeba mTeli rigi sagne-

bisadmi mimarTuli survilebisa da miswrafebebisagan,am survilebisa da miswrafebebis ganxorcieleba war-moadgens adamianis survilisaTvis arsobrivi energiis

gantvirTva. arsebobs organuli kavSiri mas Soris, rac

surs adamians da masTan, rogoricaa igi Tavisi bune-



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biT. adamiani Tavis cxovrebaSi axorcielebs ara sia-

movnebasa da bednierebas, aramed sakuTar bunebas,axorcielebs sakuTar energias, Tundac es tanjvis fa-

sad miiRweodes. xSirad vnebas arCeven, vidre siamovne-

bas, isini TviT adamianis individualobis arss erwymi-

an. rodesac adamiani iRwvis Semecnebis raime rTuli sa-

kiTxis gadasawyvetad, an ibrZvis socialuri samarTli-

anobis ganamdvilebisaTvis, misi sulieri cxovreba am

sakiTxebs unda daeTmos, sworad isini warmoadgenen mi-

zans. Tuki adamiani amave dros siamovnebaze ifiqrebsda swored siamovnebas CaTvlis Tavis gacnobierebul

miznad, maSin igi verasodes gadawyvets Semecnebis

problemas da verasodes miaRwevs samarTlianobas.TviT jon stiuart mili acxadebs, rom bednierebadmyofobisaTvis araa aucilebeli uSualod bednierebi-

saTvis zrunvao.da bolos menejmentis mTavari eTikur moraluri

problema SesaZlebelia hegelis erT frazaSi movaqci-

oT „WeSmaritebis kriteriumia SeuTavsebloba, misi ar-

seboba ki, cdomilebaa“.maSasadame, farTod gavrcelebuli socialuri

koncefciebis mixedviT eTikuri normebis Sesaxeb zo-gadi warmodgenis biznes samyaroze provocirebas im

daskvnamde mivyavarT, rom Tu organizacia dainterese-



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bulia sakuTari efeqtianobiT, man saqmianoba zneobrivmotivaciaze unda aawyos da ara tradiciul motivire-

baze. am yovelives emyareba is mosazreba, rom konku-rentuli organizaciis saTaveSi racionaluri avtori-

teti dgas, xolo Zalaze da SiSze awyobili iraciona-luri avtoritetis xelmZRvaneloba uaryofiTad moq-

medebs organizaciis ekonomikur maCveneblebze.zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naTlad Cans Tu

raoden mniSvnelovania adamianis moraluri Rirebule-bebis gaTvaliswineba TanamSromelTa gundis Seqmnisa

da misi marTvis procesSi.

literatura

upiratesobis menejmenti, T. maisuraZe. Tb. 2014adamianuri resursebis menejmenti, n.paiWaZe, e.Co-

xeli, n.faresaSvili

Эрих Фромм. Человек для себя. „Хранитель“. Москва.2006.



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Тамта Варшанидзе

Роль социально-этических факторов в эффективномфункционировании организации бизнеса

Резюме

часто рынок воспринимается как символ универсальногоразрешения, что осложняет рыночные отношения. Прирассмотрении морально-этических проблем необходимовыделить классификацию мыслителя и психоаналитикадвадцатого века Эриха Фромма. Фромм считает, что существуетавторитарная и гуманистическая этика. Соответственноавторитарной этике в корпорации авторитет определяет правилаповедения и устанавливает приоритеты для деятельностисотрудника, а соответственно гуманистической этике индивидсам определяет направления деятельности, сам является исоздателем и исполнителем, сам упорядочивает и подчиняетсяему. Если организация заинтересована собственнойэффективностью, он должен деятельность вести с учетомморальной и нравственной мотивации, а не опираться натрадиционное мотивирование, исходя из этого, во главеконкретной организации стоит рациональный авторитет.Обоснованное на насилие и страх руководство, сиррациональным авторитетом, отрицательно действует наэкономические показатели организации. Сторонники этическогорелятивизма утверждают, что принципы морали определяет впервую очередь то общество, в котором оно формируется.



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Несуществует абсолютный этический стандарт без культурногоконтекста.

Tamta Varshanidze

The role of social-ethical factors in effective functioning ofbusiness organization

Resume

Often the market is seen as a symbol of universal allowed,making it difficult to market relations. Moral and ethical issues, it isnecessary to distinguish the twentieth century thinker and psychoanalyst’sclassification Erich Fromm, Fromm believes that there areauthoritarian and humanistic ethics. Authoritarian ethics of thecorporation the authority to define the guidelines and sets prioritiesfor the activities of employees, while the humanistic ethics of theindividual is determined by its own activities, he is also the creatorand performer of the rules, to regulate, control, and to obey him. if anorganization is interested in its efficiency, the activities should buildon the moral motivations and not for the traditional reasons. All theseare based on the notion that the competitive power of rationalauthority is the power, and the fear of a negative impact on theeconomic characteristics of the assembled leadership of their rationalauthority. Ethical relativism followers claim that moral principles aredetermined, first of all the society in which they are formed. There isno absolute standard for ethical and cultural context.



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maskomunikacia

массовая коммуникацияMass Communication

masmediis roli publicisturi enisnormirebis procesSi

irine cincaZe

presa, radio, televizia masobrivi informaciis

sityvieri saSualebaa. sainformacio daniSnulebas

sityvierad axorcielebs, warmoadgens saliteraturo

enis yoveldRiur sarbiels, sadac Cans enis cvlilebis

cocxali procesi. masmediis enas intensiurad swavlo-

ben Tanamedrove msoflioSi. masobrivi sainformaciosaSualebebi farTod uRebs kars yovelgvar inovacias

enaSi, xels uwyobs ama Tu im enobrivi movlenis dam-

kvidreba - gavrcelebas sazogadoebaSi, es gansakuTre-

biT presis Sesaxeb iTqmis, Tumca radio, televizia, in-terneti da reklamac saSualebas iZleva yoveldRiu-rad davakvirdeT enaSi mimdinare cvlilebebis cocxal

process.



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Jurnal - gazeTebis ena dRes formaTa nairsaxeo-

biT gamoirCeva, axalwarmonaqmnebiT, terminologiis

SerCevis axali principebiT. presa zogadad farTo au-ditoriisaTvis aris gankuTvnili da amitomacaa speci-

fikuri misi ena.sagazeTo-saJurnalo publicistika publici-

sturi stilis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli saxes-

xvaobaa, romelic Tavisi daniSnulebis, amocanebisa dasakomunikacio pirobebis sakmaod rTul movlenas war-

moadgens. misi daniSnuleba kulturaTSorisi urTier-

Tobis mediatorobaa, amocana auditoriis mizidva - Se-

narCuneba, xolo sakomunikacio pirobebi - ena.Tanamedrove qarTuli Jurnalebisa da gazeTe-

bis ena globalizacias erTgvari mozaikuri suraTis

SeqmniT exmianeba da warmoadgens.ucxo enis sityvaTa damkvidrebis saqmeSi mniS-

vnelovani wvlili internetJurnalistikas e.w. ,,onla-

in Jurnalistikas“ miuZRvis. is gulisxmobs informaci-

is uwyvet da pirdapir eTerSi gadacemas, rac ra Tqmaunda mediis warmomadgenlebis mxridan sametyvelo

enis normirebas uSlis xels. am SemTxvevaSi, informa-

ciis gadacemis ena ukontroloa, rasac Sedegad moaqvs

,,axali“ sityvis Semosvla- damkvidreba. enis globali-

zaciis Sedegad axali leqsikuri maragi mkvidrdeba, da



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xSirad adamianebs misi Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityvis mo-

Zieba uWirs. Tanamedrove realobaSi informacia in-ternetsivrceSi mkvidrdeba da farTo auditoriamde

midis swrafad, koreqtirebis gareSe.sazogadoebis udidesi nawili ucxo sityvebs

swored internetis meSveobiT iRebs. beWduri media

met-naklebad normirebul enas amkvidrebs. sxvadasxva

tipis Jurnal-gazeTebic Tavisebur enobriv politikas

atareben: mizanmimarTulad irCeven ucxo sityvebs, Se-sabamisi qarTuli leqsikuri erTeulis gauTvaliswi-

neblad. magaliTisaTvis warmovadginoT ucxo sityvaTa

mcire CamonaTvali, romelTa gamoyenebac TandaTan

mkvidrdeba qarTul saliteraturo enaSi:kastingi - xmebis Tu qulebis mixedviT SerCevas,

arCevas niSnavs. am sityvas xSirad xmaroben RonisZieba-

Ta Jiuris wevrebi da Semsruleblebic. konkursze ga-

marjvebulTa SerCevisas gvesmis kastingi! Jiuris Se-satyvisi ar gvaqvs da is bunebrivad damkvidrda qar-

Tul enaSi.prerogativi - upiratesobas niSnavs, Tumca

dRes sityva ,,prerogativi“ damkvidrda metyvelebaSi.agreTve, treningi - wvrTna, varjiSi. monito-

ringi - dakvirveba, kontroli. aliansi - kavSiri, gaer-

Tianeba. reabilitacia - aRdgena. pragmatuli - sasar-



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geblo. prevencia - xSirad gvesmis teleekranidan, sain-

formacio gamoSvebis Jurnalistebi xmaroben, es qar-Tulad winaswari zomebis miRebad iTargmneba laTinu-ridan da ufro advilad gasagebia telemayureblisaT-

vis.Tanamedrove qarTuli presa, ZiriTadad, orien-

tirebulia politikaSi, Tu ekonomikaSi momxdari axali

ambebis gaSuqebiT. am mimarTulebiT gansakuTrebul aq-

tiurobas gazeTebi iCenen. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom gaze-TebSi msgavsi xasiaTis statiebis beWdvisas xSirad Sei-

niSneba, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, politikisa da ekono-mikis sferoebSi arsebuli terminologiis uxvi gamoye-

nebis tendencia, Sesabamisad, isini unda miviCnioT ro-

gorc dargobrivi terminologia.magaliTad: aplikacia (Aplication)- gancxade-

ba, werilobiTi moTxovna. baneri (Banner) - droSa, ala-

mi. boifrendi (Boyfreind) megobari biWi, brauzeri

(Browser) furclebis swrafi gadamxedi, brendingi(brendi) (Brand(ing) markireba, (marka), draivingi (Dri-

ving) mamoZravebeli, dreskodi (Dresscode) SezRudva

CacmulobaSi, dresingi (Dressing) Cacmuloba.faqtiurad masmediis enam daimkvidra da Seisis-

xlxorca iseTi terminebi, rogoricaa: viqendi (Wee-

kend) SabaT-kvira, vorkSopi, an urSkopi (Workshop) sa-



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xelosno, Toq-Sou (Talk – show) Toq-Sou (qarTuli

leqsikuri Sesatyvisoba ar gaaCnia), Tineijeri (Teena-

ger) mozardi, ivenTi (Event) movlena, RonisZieba, imi-ji (Image) imiji (qarTuli leqsikuri Sesatyvisoba ar

gaaCnia), interfeisi (Interface) SeTanxmebulad muSa-

oba, kreatiuli (Kreative) SemoqmedebiTi, laivi (Live)cocxali, pirdapiri eTeri, lokacia (Location) ad-

gilmdebareoba, meiqeri (Maker) Semqmneli, miqsi (Mix)nazavi, marketingi (Marketing) marketingi (qarTuli

leqsikuri Sesatyvisoba ar gaaCnia), menejmenti (Mana-

gement) administracia, marTva, meinstrimi (Mainstre-

am) ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, mesenjeri (Messanger) gam-

gzavni (teqstisa) niusi (News) siaxleebi, axali ambebi,onlain (Online) pirdapiri eTeri, cocxali Sesrule-

ba, parkingi (Parking) manqanis gasaCerebeli adgili,resursi (Resource) maragi, relasaqcia (Relaxation)dasveneba, saundreki (Soundtrack) musika kinofilmi-

dan, stafi (Staff) momuSave personali, topi (Top)umaRlesi, treningi (Traning) wvrTna, varjiSi, farTi(Party) wveuleba, qaveri (Cover) gadafarva, qasTingi(Casting) SerCeva da a. S.

ra Tqma unda es mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia im

terminologiisa, romelsac qarTveli Jurnalistebi



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iyeneben rogorc, beWdur, aseve onlain mediaSi, da ara

mxolod mediis warmomadgenlebi.daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ucxo enidan

Semosuli sityvebis ZiriTadi mizezi mainc globali-

zaciis Sedegia, romelsac sazogadoeba nel-nela iTvi-

sebs. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove cxovrebaSiteqnikuri progresis siswrafes aseTive tempiT verutoldeba konkretuli saliteraturo ena da misiveleqsikuri fondi sinqronul reJimSi ver asaxavs am

procesebs. Sesabamisad, isini sxva, dominanti enebidan

iReben sityvebs imave formiT, rogoriTac sawyis enaSi

gvxvdeba. amis Sedegad, mkvidrdeba garkveulwilad ne-

ologizmebi, barbarizmebi, Jargonebi, slengi da a.S.rac aRniSnuli sakiTxebis samomavlo kvleva - Ziebas

iTxovs.



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Ирине Цинцадзе

Роль средств массовой информации в процессенормирования публицистичного языка

Резюме

Пресса, радио, телевидение являются словеснымисредствами массовой информации. Осуществляют передачуинформации словесно, представляют ежедневную аренуиспользования литературного языка, в котором виден живойпроцесс его изменений. Язык массовой коммуникацииинтенсивно изучают в современном мире. Средства массовойинформации способствует широкому использованию инновацийв современном языке, помогают введению тех или иныхязыковых явлений - распространению в обществе (в основномкасается прессы), однако, радио, телевидение, интернет исредства рекламы дают возможность наблюдать за ежедневнымживым процессом развития языка.

Основной причиной проникновения в грузинский языкиностранных слов является процесс глобализации, которыйпостепенно осваивает население. Необходимо ответить, что всовременном мире литературный язык не поспевает застремительным развитием технического прогресса, еголексический фонд не успевает за данным процессом.Соответственно, слова используются в той форме, в какой ониупотребляются в родном языке. В итоге, появляются



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неологизмы, барбаризмы, жаргоны, сленг и т.д., что являетсятемой дальнейшего исследования.

Irine Tsintsadze

The role of mass media in the process of publicist’slanguage standardization

Resume

Press, radio and television are mass information tools. Theygive information about literary language and the process of itschange. The mass media language is being intensively studied inmodern times. The mass information tools give way to all kinds ofinnovations in a language and help spread them in a society. This canbe especially said about press although radio, television, internet andadvertisements also show how language changes day by day.

Spread of foreign words is mainly a result of globalization towhich the society slowly adjusts. It should be mentioned that inmodern times literary languages and their lexical stock don’tprogress so quickly as technology. Therefore, they accept wordsfrom other dominant languages. As a result neologisms, barbarisms,slang and other things appear in a language which needs futureresearch.



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manipulireba - XXI saukunis mediismoTxovna

nestan mamuWaZe

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi ara mxolodcodnas gvawvdian sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mravali

sferos Sesaxeb, aramed gamoTqvamen sxvadasxva inte-

ressac. masmedia xSirad sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis

manipulaciisTvis aris gamoyenebuli. amas araerTi so-

ciologiuri Teoria aRiarebs da asabuTebs kidec.media yovelTvis manipulatoruli miznebisaT-

vis ar aris gamoyenebuli, magram es ukanaskneli rom ma-

sebze zemoqmedebis mZlavr iaraRadaa miCneuli, arc

amaze kamaTobs aRaravin. xelisufleba valdebulia da-

icvas qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi interesebi da amitom,aucilebeli xdeba am TvalsazrisiTac imoqmedos audi-

toriaze.roca vsaubrobT auditoriaze zemoqmedebaze,

manipulirebaze, pirvel rigSi unda ganvixiloT „geit-

kiperTa“ instituti da „eijendasetingis“ TeoriiT Seq-

mnili meTodebi.„geitkiperoba“ anu karis dacva informaciis

SerCevis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis aRiarebuli



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xerxia dasavleTis da aSS-is JurnalistikaSi. „karis

dacva“ metamorfulad unda gavigoT. kari gadawyveti-

lebis miRebis sawyisi momentia. amitom karis mcveli

Zalebi ganapirobeben imas, Tu ra saxis gadawyvetile-

bas gaivlis erTi karidan meoreSi“ [2,233].„geitkiperoba“ publicisturi nawarmis Seqmnis

winapirobadac gvevlineba. „karis dacva“ axali ambebis

moZiebisa da gavrcelebis process ukavSirdeba, vidre

weras. procesis umTavresi mizani romelime socialu-

ri fenis interesi SeiZleba gaxdes. „geitkepingis“ erT-erTi metad gavrcelebuli forma _ „ezo ZaRlis“ meta-

foriT aris cnobili. Jurnalistikis daniSnulebaa uT-

valTvalos saxelisuflebo struqturebs, raTa maTzustad Seasrulon amomrCevelTa da kanonis mier da-

kisrebuli movaleobebi. „ezos ZaRlis“ funqciis Ses-rulebisas masmedias evaleba xeli Seuwyos movlenaTa

saxelmwifo interesebis Sesabamisad gaSuqebas. „es ki

amas niSnavs, rom igi „naklovanebaTa“ gamosaaSkareveb-

lad ki ar meTvalyureobs xelisuflebas, aramed misi

interesebis sadarajoze dgas. misi umTavresi daniSnu-

leba is aris, rom Jurnalistikam sworad gaacnobierosxelisuflebis mier qveyanaSi sworad gatarebuli so-

cialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da sxva politikismniSvneloba da daexmaros mTavrobas sazogadoebrivi



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problemebis mogvarebaSi“. „amgvarad, „geiptikingi“ is

meqanizmia, romelic Tanamedrove viTarebaSi mowode-bulia JurnalistTa codnad da Sinagan rwmenad aqcios

profesiuli ideologiis moTxovnebi, raTa maT adekva-

turi gavlena iqonion auditoriaze“ [2,234].masobriv auditoriaze gablenis gaZlierebis me-

qanizms emsaxureba „eijendasetingia“ (agendaset-

ting_ing. dRis wesrigis Seqmna). es gulisxmobs, rom sa-zogadoebaSiarsebobs problemebis Tanmimdevruli

nusxa, romelsac gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs

rogorc sazogadoeba, aseve xelisufleba. termini

„dRis wesrigi“ masobrivi komunikaciis TeoriaSi aSS-smecnierebma maqsuel makkobma da nolnd Soum daamkvid-

res. 1968 wels CrdiloeT karolinis StatSi amomrCe-velTa gamokiTxvis Sedegad maT daadgines is ZiriTadi

sakiTxebi, romelTa mimarTac isini gansakuTrebul in-teress iCendnen mimdinare saarCevno kampaniis proces-

Si. Semdeg mecnierebma Seiswavles adgilobrivi presa

da aRmoaCines, rom masmediis mier ganxilulia yvelaumTavresi sakiTxi da maTdami damokidebuleba pirda-pir ukavSirdeboda mosaxleobis mier umniSvnelovane-

sad miCneul sakiTxebs da am sakiTxebis Sefasebas. swo-red kvlevis Sedegad Seiqmna koncefcia masmediis

„dRiswesriguli“ funqciis Sesaxeb. es funqcia audi-

toriaSi qmnis movlenebis interpretirebul CarCos,



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saSualebas iZleva gavacnobieroT problema da davisa-

xoT misi potenciuri gadaWris gzebi. masobrivi komu-nikaciis saSualebebis praqtika propagandistuli miz-

nebisaTvis sxva mraval meTodsac mimarTavs. umberto

ekos azriT, masmedias SeuZlia Seqmnas iseTi „daxuru-

li“ teqstebi, romlis interpretacia mxolod erTmniS-

vnelovani xdeba da Sesabamisad, propagandistul miz-

nebs emsaxureba. „Ria“ teqstebi TavianTi gaxsnilobis

gamo interpretaciis mraval SesaZleblobas Seicaven,auditoriaSi komunikaciis procesis Tanamonawileebs

eZeben da ara upirobo Tanamoazreebs.Tuki manipulirebis zemoT ganxilul Teoriul

standartebs davakvirdebiT, SevniSnavT, rom am prin-

cipis gamoyeneba arc regionuli mediisTvisaa ucxo.Tuki media manipulatoria, mZlavri iaraRia ama Tu im

movlenis pirdapir Tu pirispir, cxadia, arc Sedegi

ayovnebs.rodis manipulirebs media yvelaze metad? am

kiTxviT Cven pirdapiri sociologiuri gamokiTxviT

377 respondents mivmarTeT.



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rodis manipuli-rebs media yvela-

ze metad?

romeli mediasaSualeba mi-maCnia manipulaciis

mZlavr iaraRad?Sedegi

arCevnebis win gazeTi „baTumlebi“ 128 xma

socialuri Tema-tikis gaSuqebisas

sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisaWaris televizia da radio

81 xma

religiuri Temati-kis gaSuqebisas

telearxi 25 98 xma

ar vici sxva 70 xma

rogorc Cans, auditoria medias nakleb ndobas

ucxadebs. maSasadame, am SemTxvevaSic Tavs iCens kon-

kretuli frTisa Tu wris gavlena. ndobis ar gamocxa-

deba fsiqologiuri momentia. martivad da amavdrou-

lad uxeSad rom vTqvaT, mediam ndoba dakarga, romlis

mopovebasac xangrZlivi procesi Wirdeba.dRes media politikuri kampaniebis nawili gax-

da. igi ganusazRvrel Zalas flobs da amomrCevelTa

gonebas ganagebs. mediis garda adamianebze maTi pirov-

nuli Tvisebebi, socialuri kategoriis maCveneblebi,ojaxebi, megobrebi da TanamSromlebi moqmedeben. me-diasTan mimarTebaSi SesaZloa samgvar gavlenaze visa-



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ubroT: aRZvra anu aqtivacia, ganmtkiceba da gardaq-

mna.aRZvra (activation) _ es aris socialuri kate-

goriebiT ganpirobebuli midrekilebebis aRZvra, gaaq-

tiureba imisa, rac ukve arsebobs. „aqtivacia, romelic

mediis gavlenis Sedegia, adamianebs azr ar acvlevi-

nebs, magram arCevnebis Sedegebze aisaxeba. am gavlenis

miRwevas Tavisi safexurebi aqvs:politikuri propaganda, romelic radiosa da

Jurnal_gazeTebSi saarCevno kampaniis mimarT amom-

rCevlis interess zrdis;am interesebis gamo amomrCeveli masalebis gav-

lenas kidev ufro metad eqvemdebareba;Tumca, isic unda iTqvas, rom es gavlena arCevi-

Tia. pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi (asaki, sqesi, ganaTleba)da socialuri kategoriebi (mdidari, protestanti

fermerebi, qalaqeli kaTolike muSebi) ganapirobebs

amomrCevlis simpaTias romelime erTi partiis mimarT;mzardi interesi da arCeviTi gavlena sabolood

ayalibebs amomrCevlis ganzraxvas, romelic zogadadmaTi pirovnuli da socialuri maxasiaTeblebidan mom-

dinareobs“[1, 373].ganmtkiceba (reinforcement) _gansxvavebuli

momentia. es is procesia, roca amomrCevelTa umravle-



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sobam ramdenime TviT adre icis, vis unda misces xma.aseT SemTxvevaSi media ganmtkicebis funqcias asru-

lebs. erTguli amomrCevlis ganzraxvis ganmtkiceba Zi-

riTadad komunikaciebis meSveobiT xdeba. am SemTxveva-Si mediis gavlenis mizans amomrCevlebis TavianTi ar-

Cevanis sisworeSi darwmuneba warmoadgens.gardaqmna (conversion) _ dakvirveba cxadyofs,

rom gardaqmna mcire odenobis adamianebSi xdeba. eseni

is adamianebi arian, romelTac konkretuli partiisad-

mi gamokveTili damokidebuleba ar aqvT. medias amom-

rCevelze rogorc seleqturi, aseve SezRuduli gav-

lena aqvs. roca vsaubrobT mediis gavlenaze, xSirad

pirvel rigSi swored gardaqmnas gulisxmoben. „mkvlev-

rebma aRmoaCines, rom cdispirebis 16% mediis gavlenas

ar eqvemdebareba, 9%-s Sereuli gavlena aReniSneba,14%-s _ aqtivacia, 53%-s ganmtkiceba (gavlenis yvelaze

efeqturi forma), gardaqmna ki mxolod 8%-s exeba“ [1,373].

mecnierebma adamianis bunebis Secnobis Ziebisas

mniSvnelovan warmatebebs miagnes. swored es warmate-bebi aRmoCnda fasdaudebeli masobrivi komunikaciis

Sedegisa da procesis ukeT gagebisaTvis. udavoa, rom

adamianis Camoyalibebaze sxvadasxva Sexeduleba, damo-

kidebuleba, interesTa Rirebuleba da mravali fsiqo-



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logiuri faqtori moqmedebs. individze masobrivi ko-munikaciis gavlenis dros pirovnuli da fsiqologiu-

ri Taviseburebani, socialuri kategoriis sxvadasxvasubtropika da socialuri urTierTobis sqemebi mniS-

vnelovan rols asruleben. aqedan gamomdinare, media

manipulirebas mZlavr iaraRad iyenebs, rac faqtobri-

vad, 21-e saukuneSi am ukanasknelisTvis aucilebel

moTxovnad iqca.literatura

surgulaZe r. „Jurnalistikamcodneobis safuZ-

vlebi“. Tbilisi, 1996.denisi m, deflori e. „masobrivi komunikaciis ga-

azrebisaTvis, saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa in-

stituti, 2009.bertrani k. `media eTika da angariSvaldebulebe-

bis sistemebi. gamomcemloba `Tavisuflebis institu-

ti~. Tbilisi, 2004.lumani n. „sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis sistemis

cvlilebani da masobrivi media“. Tbilisi, 2007.



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Nestan Mamuchadze

Manipulation _ demand of the Xxi centuryResume

Massmedia isoften used formani pulatin ghumanconsciousness. Itisaknowledgedand well-groundedbyseveralsociological theories. If the media is a manipulator, a strong weaponagainst different events, clearly, the result is also without a delay.When we talk about media influence and manipulation, first of all,we should discuss gatekeepers’ institute and the methods createdwith an Agenda Setting theory. This scientific article also aims todiscuss the mentioned ideology based on an example of regionalmedia.



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Нестан Мамучадзе

Манипулирование как требование к массовойкоммуникации XXI века

Резюме

Средства массовой информации часто используется дляманипуляции общественного сознания. Несколькосоциологическая теория признает и подтверждает это. Еслимедия манипулятор, является мощным инструментом событийнепосредственно и лицом к лицу, конечно, есть результат. Когдамы говорим о медиявоздействии и манипулировании , в первуюочередь, следует рассматривать институт "гейтпикера« иметоды, созданные по теорию "эидженда сетинга« . Научнаястатья является попыткой изучить идеологию по примеререгиональной медии



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Jurnalistis profesionalizmi qarTulmediaSi

naTela beriZe

Jurnalistis pirovnuli da profesiuli mxaree-bis kvleva tradiciul sociologiur problematikas

ganekuTvneba. adre umTavresi yuradReba eqceoda iseT

aspeqtebs, rogoricaa: obieqturoba, principuloba,kompetenturoba, komunikabeluroba, literaturuli

niWi. TanamedroveobisaTvis ufro aqtualuri aRmoC-

nda iseTi Tvisebebi, rogoricaa patiosneba, wesiereba,zneobrioba, pasuxismgebloba sazogadoebis winaSe. sa-

zogadod, Jurnalisti TiTqmis yovelTvis erTgvari

dilemis winaSe dgas: SeinarCunos obieqturoba da Rir-

seba, Tu gaiyidos, SekveTiT weros da daarRvios pro-

fesiuli eTika. rogorc Cans, am mxriv viTareba arc Tu

saxarbieloa, radgan sul ufro mwvaved dgeba eTikuri

kriteriumebis mkacri gansazRvra-dadgenis saWiroeba,viTarebas ki Tanamedrove JurnalistikaSi gansxvavebu-

li paradigmebis arseboba arTulebs: erTia- amerikuli

realoba, sadac Jurnalistis profesiuli saqmianoba

mxolod eTikuri normebiT regulirdeba, meorea Cveni



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sinamdvile- kanoniT regulirebuli Jurnalisturi si-

namdvile.fokus–jgufebis respodentebi Zalze kritiku-

lad afaseben rogorc televiziis, ise presis xarisxs

saqarTveloSi. niSandoblivia erT–erTi maTganis gan-

cxadeba:is Toq–Souebis formatic, romelic CvenTanaa,

Zalian iaffasiania, realuri politikuri debatebi ar

arsebobs.masmediis xarisxiT respodentebis mier dafiqsi-

rebuli ukmayofileba or ZiriTad aspeqts ukavSirde-

ba: erTia Jurnalistebis dabali profesionalizmi da

meore – xelisuflebis politikuri zewola qarTul me-

diaze.respodentebis azriT: qarTveli Jurnalistebi

<garda im Jurnalistebisa, vinc saerTaSoriso gamoce-

mebSi muSaoben> ver avlenen saTanado profesiul kva-

lifikacias.respodentebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom saqarTve-

loSi mediis tendenciurobas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs

da jer kidev sabWoTa memkvidreoba ukavSirdeba. Tum-

ca, isic naTelia, rom miuxedavad dRes arsebuli prob-

lemisa, axla bevrad ukeTesi mdgomareobaa, vidre sab-

WoTa kavSiris dros, radganac ufro meti informaciis



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wyaroa xelmisawvdomi. Tumca, rogorc adre media da

gansakuTrebiT televizia, saqarTveloSi Riadaa Car-Tuli politikur procesebSi da rogorc wesi xeli-

suflebis interesebs icavs, nacvlad imisa, rom Seeca-

dos meoTxe xelisuflebis roli Seasrulos. respo-

dentebis azriT, igive xdeboda saparlamento arCevne-

bis wina periodSic.saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar Camoyalibebula pre-

sis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis modeli. ar aris tra-

dicia, romlis Tanaxmadac Jurnalistebi miukerZoeb-

lad, magram mkacrad mosTxoven angariSs politikosebssazogadoebis saxeliT maT mier sajaro samsaxurSi ga-

weuli muSaobis Sesaxeb.radganac Cven vsaubrobT damoukidebel mediaze

da Jurnalistebze, mxedvelobaSi unda gvqondes maTi

materialuri, sulieri, profesiuli mdgomareoba. qar-Tuli mediis damoukideblobis xelSewyoba iwyeba eko-

nomikidan, garemodan da saxelmwifodan. demokratiu-li mTavroba valdebulia xeli Seuwyos demokratiis

ganviTarebas. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia, rogorc civi-lur qveynebSi arsebobs mediis damoukideblobis fon-

debi, aseve msgavsi fondebi unda Seiqmnas saqarTvelo-

Sic (rogorc qalaqebSi, aseve regionebSi Sesabamisi sa-

kanonmdeblo baziT), romelsac daafinansebs saxelmwi-



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fo biujeti. aseTi midgoma ar uaryofs konkurencias,sabazro-ekonomikur urTierTobebs, aramed igi xels

Seuwyobs informaciuli bazris daregulirebas, rom

media ar iyos angaJirebuli da politizirebuli. yove-live es ki Jurnalistur profesionalizms da mosaxle-obis demokratiuli kulturis amaRlebas xels Seuw-

yobs.qarTuli media sivrce dRes imyofeba seriozu-

li gamocdis winaSe: an qarTuli media iqneba yovelTvispolitizirebuli da angaJirebuli da garkveuli jgu-

febis interesebis gamomxatveli, an gaxdeba damoukide-

beli, Tavisufali, obieqturi, Suamavali sazogadoeba-

sa da mTavrobas Soris.

literatura

danelia n., ,,mediis damoukidebloba da mediaze

kontrolis saSualebebi. Tb. 2008 w.danelia n., gogiberiZe n., ,,TviTcenzura.“ (mediis

kvleva)



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Natela Beridze

Journalist's professionalism in Georgian mediaResume

The research aspects of the Modern Georgian Jurnalistespersonal and professional sides, That was held recently (2003), arereviewed here. It is mentioned, that the research revealed the deficitof jurnalistic norms of professional ethics, violation of these normsin informational programs, not to listen to the speakers opinion,interruptio on, overprass to other issues and ect.

Натела Беридзе

Профессионализм журналиста в грузинском медиеРезюме

Дан обзор исследования личностных и профессиональныхаспектов современного грузинского журналиста, провадимых впоследнее время. Отмечено, что исследованиями выявлен дефицитсоблюдения норм профессиональной этики журналиста, фактынарушения этих норм в <<новостных>> информационныхпрограмах; недоучет мнения собеседника, прерывание беседы,переход на другой вопрос и др.



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socialuri mediis xibli da damangreveliZala

maia papunaSvili

dRes TiTqmis aRaravin davobs imaze, rom socia-luri media sul ufro met adgils ikavebs adamianTa

cxovrebaSi. amas adasturebs statistikac: „kavkasiis

kvleviTi resursebis centris (CRRC) 2012 wlis monace-

mebis mixedviT, Tu 2011 wels TbilisSi internetis yo-veldRiurad momxmarebelTa ricxvi mosaxleobis saer-

To raodenobis 41%-s Seadgenda, 2012 wels es ricxvi

46%-mde gaizarda. rac Seexeba imave monacemebs sofle-

bis SemTxvevaSi, 2011 wlis 4%-ianma maCvenebelma 7%-mde

moimata.“ 13

imis miuxedavad, rom saqarTveloSo internetisa

da socialuri qselebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi, sxva

qveynebTan SedarebiT, arc ise didia, aSkaraa momxmare-

belTa raodenobis swrafad zrdis tendencia, rac gan-

pirobebulia ramdenime mizeziT: socialuri media ad-vilad xelmisawvdomia yvela internetmomxmareblis-

Tvis; is komunikaciis swrafi, operatiuli saSualebaa;yvela momxmarebels aZlevs sakuTari azris gamoxatvis

13 https://idfi.ge/ge/statistics-of-internet-users-in-georgia



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SesaZleblobas; tradiciuli mediisgan gansxvavebiT,socialuri media interaqtiuria - momxmarebeli in-

formaciis ubralo mimRebi ki ar aris, aramed SeuZlia

miRebuli informaciis komentireba, mowoneba da, rac

mTavaria, sakuTari informaciis Seqmnac, rac gansakuT-

rebul xibls matebs socialur medias. rasakvirvelia,adamianebs moswonT, rom SeuZliaT sakuTari Sexedule-

bebi SeuzRudavad, yovelgvari cenzuris gareSe, gau-

ziaron sxvebs, gaecnon sxvebis Sefasebebs sakuTar na-

azrevTan dakavSirebiT; socialuri media momxmarebe-

lebs interesebis, moRvaweobis sferos, religiuri Tu

profesiuli niSnis mixedviT gaerTianebis, jgufebis

Seqmnis saSualebasac aZlevs. am jgufebSi gaerTiane-bul adamianebs SeuZliaT TanamoazreebTan erTad gani-

xilon maTTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi, gamarTon dis-

kusia ama Tu im problemis garSemo; socialuri media

adamianTa farTo masebis erTi ideis, miznis, wamowyebis

garSemo mobilizebis, konsolidaciis saukeTeso saSu-

alebaa, magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mas SeuZliagarkveuli problemebi Seuqmnas nebismier saxelmwi-

fos, Tu gadaiqceva am saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis iaraRad.socialuri mediis momxmarebelTa ricxvis

zrdasTan erTad sul ufro matulobs sxvadasxva dam-



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naSave Tu teroristuli organizaciebis mxridan maTi

nayofierad gamoyenebis safrTxe. magaliTad, islamurisaxelmwifosaTvis momxreebis SeZenis ZiriTadi in-

strumenti swored socialuri qselebia. „Tavdapirve-

lad islamuri saxelwifos warmomadgenlebi Twitter-iT sargeblobdnen, Tumca male aq angariSebis dablok-

va daiwyes, amitom bolo dros ufro xSirad mesinjer

Telegram-s iyenebdnen, romelic saSualebas iZleva,Setyobineba SeuzRudavi raodenobis adamians gaugzav-

no.“14

axlaxan gavrcelebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,mesinjer Telegram-is sajaro arxebi, romlebsac aqti-

urad iyenebdnen teroristebi, daibloka. daixura maTi

aqtiuri momxmareblebis angariSebic. „Cven avReldiT,roca gavigeT, rom ISIS Tavisi propagandis gasavrce-

leblad Telegram-is sajaro arxebs iyenebs“,- naTqva-

mia kompaniis saitze ganTavsebul informaciaSi.15

internetsivrceSi jer kidev mimdinare wlis ap-rilSi gamoCnda islamuri saxelmwifos qarTulenovani

vebgverdi, romelic miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSimcxovrebi muslimebis informirebas islamuri saxel-

mwifos siaxleebis Sesaxeb, agreTve maT gadabirebas.

14 http://www.bbc.com/news15 https://telegram.org/



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gadabireba xdeba sxvadasxva xerxiT: magaliTad, yura-

nis ideebis ganuxrelad dacvisken mowodebiT, imis xaz-

gasmiT, rom swored islamur saxelmwifoSi icaven yu-

ranis dogmebs. erT-erT mimarTvaSi, romelsac xels

awers abu mariam al-jurji, naTqvamia: „Cemo Zvirfaso

muslimanebo, Cven marTla yuranSi vcxovrobT, Cven xom

es gvindoda? Tqvenc xom es gindaT? modiT CvenTan da

naxeT, ra xdeba aq.“16 sxva SemTxvevaSi qarTveli musli-mebis misazidad gamoyenebulia socialuri probleme-

bis Tema. samufTos yofili imamis, murman paiWaZis, mi-

marTva islamuri xalifatidan ase JRers: „dideba

alahs, rom Waobidan amomiyvana da dRes aq var, islamur

xalifatSi... xalifatSi deni, wyali, mkurnaloba da

sxva komunaluri momsaxurebebi ufasoa, sxva qveynebSi

da aseve saqarTveloSi ki gadasaxadebi xalxs axrCobs.Cemo xalxo, gadmosaxldiT aq!“17

es da sxva gancxadebebi Seicavs muqarasac: „ala-his nebiT movalT saqarTveloSic da damyardeba samya-

ros gamCenisa da baton-patroni uzenaesi alahis kano-

nebi.“18

16 https://xalifati.wordpress.com/2015/17 იქვე.18 იქვე.



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muqaris Semcvelia saqarTvelodan xalifatSi

gadasaxlebuli oTxi mebrZolis videomimarTvac, ro-

melic mimdinare wlis 23 noembers gavrcelda xalifa-

tis vebgverdze.19

mosaxleobaSi panikis gavrcelebas isaxavs miz-

nad vebgverdze warmodgenili foto da videomasala,romlebzec xalifatis mebrZolTa mier ganxrcielebu-

li sadamsjelo operaciebi da teraqtebia asaxuli.vebgverdis arsebobis Sesaxeb informacia myisie-

rad gavrcelda saqarTveloSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom igiadvilad xelmisawvdomia yvela dainteresebuli piri-

saTvis. garda amisa, vebgverdis misamarTs bolo perio-dis ganmavlobaSi araerTi momxmarebeli iziarebda sa-

kuTar gverdze. islamuri saxelmwifos vebgverdisa damasze ganTavsebuli informaciis Sesaxeb saubrobdneninternetgamocemebi Tu tradiciuli mediasaSualebe-

bi.migvaCnia, rom aRniSnuli masalebi unda ganvixi-

loT, rogorc saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg islamuri sa-

xelmwifos mier warmoebuli sainformacio omi.sainformacio omis cnobili mkvlevari g. poCep-

covi wignSi „sainformacio omebi“ aRniSnavs: „amerikis

19 იქვე.



2015VIII

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SeerTebuli Statebis Tavdacvis saministros sainfor-

macio armiis direqtori ase ganmartavs „sainformacio

oms“: „sainformacio omi Sedgeba qmedebebisagan, ro-melTa mizania sainformacio upiratesobis miRweva na-

cionaluri samxedro strategiis uzrunvelsayofad,informaciaze da mowinaaRmdegis sainformacio siste-

mebze zemoqmedebis gziT, imavdroulad, sakuTari in-

formaciisa da informaciuli sistemis dacvis gziT.“20

citirebuli ganmartebebis mixedviT, sainformacio

omi aris strategia, romlis mizania nacionaluri po-

litikis realizeba. am omis obieqtebad gvevlinebian

sainformacio sistemebi, Sesabamisi gadamcemi xazebi,gadamamuSavebeli centrebi da am sistemaSi dasaqmebu-

li adamianuri resursi; agreTve - sainformacio teqno-

logiebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba SeiaraRebis sistemaSi,magram termini „sainformacio omi“ gamoiyeneba meore

mniSvnelobiTac - es aris masebsa Tu calkeul indivi-

debze zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRi.ras isaxavs miznad masebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

sainformacio omi? am kiTxvaze martivi pasuxi aseTia:masebis cnobierebis Secvlas, rasac mohyveba masis qce-

20 Георгий Почепцов, Информационные войныОсновы военно-коммуникативных исследований,http://www.koob.ru/pochepcov/, გვ. 6.



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vis Secvlac. faqtia, rom islamuri saxelmwifos propa-

gandas ukve mohyva garkveuli Sedegebi. saqarTvelosmoqalaqeebi midian siriaSi da monawileobas iReben

sabrZolo moqmedebebSi. saqarTvelo, ra Tqma unda, ar

aris gamonaklisi - rogorc cnobilia, islamur saxel-mwifoSi mebrZolebi msoflios araerTi qveynidan Cadi-

an, magram es, rasakvirvelia, Cven damSvidebis safuZ-

vels ar unda gvaZlevdes. islamuri saxelmwifos qar-Tulenovan vebgverdze pirveli posti mimdinare wlis

aprilSi gamoqveynda, momdevno - maisSi. rogorc zemo-

Tac aRvniSneT, 23 noembers vebgverdiT gavrcelda vi-

deomimarTva, romelic Seicavs rogorc mowodebas dasaqarTvelos sxva moqalaqeebis gadabirebis mcdelo-

bas, ise muqaras. saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuri,miuxedavad teroristuli dajgufebis vebgverdis ga-

moCenidan sakmaod didi drois gasvlisa, ar blokavs

mas. saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris ufrosis mo-

adgile levan izoria mediasTan saubrisas aRniSnavs,rom saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxurma gamoZieba

daiwyo, magram vebgverdi ar dabloka, radgan surs sak-

marisi informaciisa da mtkicebulebebis Segroveba.misive TqmiT, „saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxuri api-



2015VIII

189

rebs, SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos sasamarTlos, raTa

aseTi vebgverdebis arseboba aikrZalos.“21

dasaxelebuli vebgverdis masalebSi, garda pro-

pagandisa, SeiniSneba mosaxleobis daSinebis mcdeloba.muqaris Semcvel gancxadebebTan dakavSirebiT batoni

izorias komentari aseTia: „bunebrivia, Cven yvela mu-

qaras, romelic iqna gaJRerebuli teroristebisagan

da es muqara ukavSirdeba konkretulad saqarTvelos,seriozulad aRviqvamT. Cven mobilizebas viCenT maRa-

li xarisxiTa da maRali pasuxismgeblobiT, rac ukav-

Sirdeba riskebisa da safrTxeebis Tavidan acilebas.“22

bunebrivia, saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuri

an romelime sxva struqtura, saxelmwifos usafrTxoe-

bis dacvis principidan gamomdinare, ufro Riad da

dawvrilebiT ver isaubrebs antikrizisul gegmaze, ro-

melic, savaraudod, aqvs, magram migvaCnia, rom aprili-dan dRemde sakmaod didi dro gavida da teroristuli

propagandis aRkveTa mas aqamde unda momxdariyo. gar-

da amisa, aucilebelia teroristebis propagandas dau-pirispirdes saxelmwifos mxridan propaganda da kon-kretuli nabijebis gadadgma mosaxleobis religiuri

ganaTlebis donis amaRlebis mizniT. xolo Tu imasac

21 http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=2990422 http://maestro.ge/menu_id/254/id/4071/lang/1



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gaviTvaliswinebT, rom islamuri saxelmwifo gadabire-

bis erT-erT meTodad saqarTveloSi arsebuli mZimesocialuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis infor-

mirebas iyenebs, amis sapirispirod ki mas „namdvil miwi-

er samoTxes“ hpirdeba, saxelmwifo valdebulia, gar-kveuli socialuri proeqtebi ganaxorcielos gansa-

kuTrebuli riskis mqone regionebSi, saidanac axalgaz-rdebi swored gausaZlisi socialuri mdgomareobisa

da dausaqmeblobis gamo midian islamur saxelmwifoSi.sxvagavarad teroristebis propagandas kidev didxans

eqneba noyieri niadagi adamianebis gadabirebisaTvis.

Lliteratura

Георгий Почепцов, Информационные войныОсновы военно-коммуникативных исследований,http://www.koob.ru/pochepcov/

https://idfi.ge/ge/statistics-of-internet-users-in-georgiahttp://www.bbc.com/newshttps://telegram.org/https://xalifati.wordpress.com/2015/http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=29904http://maestro.ge/menu_id/254/id/4071/lang/1



2015VIII

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Маиа Рарунашвили

Прaивлекательность и разрушительная силасоциальной медиию

Резюме

В данной статье говорится о положительной иотрицательной роли интернета в современной жизни. Заостреновнимание на те риски и опасноси, которые реально существуютв современном мире и естественно в Грузии.

Сегодня социальные медиасредства неотемлемая частьнашей жизни. Функционирование соцсетей вазможно с помощюкомпьютеров,мобильных телефонов, смартфонов, что означаетто, что оно доступно любому интернетпользователью и помимомирных граждан соцсетями свободно пользуются всякого родатерористические организации и эти обстоятельства могут нестиреальную угрозу безопасности отдельного государства и всегомирового сообщества в целом. Исходя из вышеизложенного,власти обязаны строго контролировать соцсети международныхпреступных организации, дабы избежать дальнейших проблембсвязанных с безапасностью государства.

В данный момент Грузия стоит перед реальнымвызовом. Терористы Исламского государства с помощюгрузинскоязычных вебсайтов осуществляют пропаганду, целькоторой посеить панику и страх среди населеия, а такжевербовка граждан. По нашему мнению власти Грузии должныпровести в жизнь адекватные контрмеры.



2015VIII

192

Maia Papunashvili

Attraction of social media and destructive powerResume

The article is about positive and negative roles of internetand social media in our modern life. It is focused on the threats thatactually exist in the modern world and, of course, in Georgia too.

Nowadays social media is an inseparable part of our lives.Social networks can be operated with computers, smart phones,mobile phones, which means that the networks are available for anyinternet users. Easy access to social networks is becoming more andmore dangerous all over the world, as they are available not just forordinary and peaceful citizens, but also for terrorist organizations,which of course is insecure for any country. That is why thegovernments are obliged to have strict control over the socialnetworks of the international criminal organizations in order toprevent security problems of the countries.

Nowadays Georgia is facing a serious challenge _ theterrorists of the Islamic States produce purposeful propagandathrough Georgian websites. Their aim is to win over Georgiancitizens, as well as to panic and frighten population by spreadingthreatening statements. Therefore, in our opinion, effectivecountermeasures have to be taken by authorities of Georgia.



2015VIII

193

samarTali

ПравоLaw

erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagoba,rogorc samewarmeo (biznesis) subieqti

anzor ustiaZe1. Sesavali

biznes saqmianobis (mewarmeobis) dawyebis mniS-

vnelovani safexuria samarTlebrivi formis arCeva.organizaciuli formis sworad SerCeva mniSvnelovan

rols asrulebs mewarmeobis mTel procesSi. amitom

biznesiT dainteresebuli pirebi, saqmianobis dawyebam-de iReben Sesabamis racionalur gadawyvetilebas da

irCeven im samarTebriv formas, romelic maTTvis yve-laze optimaluria da romelic ukeTes pirobebs sTava-

zobs mewarmes sxva alternatiuli organizaciul - sa-

marTlebrivi formis modelebidan. amasTan samarTleb-riv formebs Soris gansxvavebas ara mxolod Teoriul

datvirTva aqvs, aramed es gansxvaveba calkeuli same-



2015VIII

194

warmeo sazogadoebebis (samewarmeo subieqtebis) eko-nomikur funqciaSi da gadasaxadebiT dabegvris sakiT-

xebSic aisaxeba.sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebis kvalobaze sul

ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba samewarmeo saqmiano-bis subieqtTa saqmianobis samarTlebrivi regulacie-

bis sakanonmdeblo srulyofa, Sesabamisad srulyofas

ganicdis am regulaciebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebac.„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni aris is ZiriTadi nor-

matiuli aqti, romelic samewarmeo saqmianobis monawi-

leTa samarTlebriv formebs ayalibebs. aRniSnuli ka-

nonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqti amomwuravad gansaz-

Rvravs mewarme subieqtTa samarTlebriv formebs. eseni

arian: individualuri mewarme, solidaruli pasuxis-

mgeblobis sazogadoeba (sps), komandituri sazogadoe-

ba (ks) SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps),saaqcio sazogadoeba (ss) da kooperativi.

marTalia „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni amomwura-vad gansazRvravs im samarTlebriv formebis CamonaT-

vals, rac am kanonis Tanaxmad samewarmeo (biznes) saqmi-

anobaSi aris dasaSvebi, magram realuri cxovrebaSi

biznes saqmianobaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki samSeneblo biz-nesSi farTod gamoiyeneba iseTi samarTlebrivi warmo-

naqmni, rogoricaa erToblivi saqmianoba (amxanagoba)anu samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagoba.



2015VIII

195

winamdebare statiaSi swored erToblivi saqmia-

nobis amxanagobis (samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobis)raobaze, misi „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoniT gaTvaliswi-nebul samarTlebriv formebTan Tavsebadobaze da ka-nonmdeblobis srulyofis saWiroebaze iqneba msjelo-

ba.

2. erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagoba, rogorc biznesissubieqti

aRiarebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, kerZosamar-

Tlebrivi urTierTobis, maT Soris biznes samarTleb-

rivi urTierTobis monawileebs „pirebi“ ewodebaT.kontinenturi evropis samarTalSi ganmtkicebuli Se-

xedulebis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo ko-deqsic piris cnebaSi gulisxomobs uflebaunarian ar-

sebas, ese igi arsebas, romelsac samarTali aniWebs

unars, iyos uflebaTa subieqti (lado Wanturia, Sesa-

vali samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, 1997, 125).samoqalaqo urTierTobis ZiriTadi monawile

adamiania. magram adamianebi zogjer iseT miznebs isaxa-

ven, romelTa miRweva maT cal-calke arc fizikurad Se-uZliaT da arc kerZo qonebaa amisaTvis sakmarisi andaaRniSnulisaTvis sxva garemoebebic SeiZleba arsebob-

des kidec. kerZo samarTali am adamianebs SesaZleblo-



2015VIII

196

bas aZlevs gaerTiandnen da Camoayalibon samarTlis

axali subieqti, romelsac iuridiuli piri ewodeba. Tu

adamiani, ase vTqvaT bunebis qmnilebaa, iuridiuli piriyoveli konkretuli samarTlis mieraa Seqmnili da sa-marTlebriv urTierTobaTa gaiolebis mizniT gaTanab-

rebulia adamianis samarTlebriv mdgomareobasTan,uwinares yovlisa ki qonebrivi urTierTobebis sfero-

Si da maT Soris biznesSic.samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-8 muxlis pirveli nawi-

lis Tanaxmadac „kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobissubieqti SeiZleba iyos nebismieri fizikuri an iuridi-

uli piri. es wesi gamoiyeneba rogorc samewarmeo, aseve

arasamewarmeo, saqarTvelosa Tu sxva qveynis pirebis

mimarT“.magram garda fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebisa,

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, maT Soris biznesSic sxva ise-

Ti saxis warmonaqmebic dominireben, romlebic ar arian

arc fizikuri pirebi da arc iuridili pirebi. sworedamgvari saxis warmonaqmnia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

kodeqsis 930-940-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli erTob-

livi saqmianoba (amxanagoba) anu samoqalaqo samarTlis

amxanagoba.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 930-e muxlis

Tanaxmad „erToblivi saqmianobis (amxanagobis) xelSek-rulebiT ori an ramdenime piri kisrulobs erTobli-



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vad imoqmedos saerTo sameurneo an sxva miznebis misaR-

wevad xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli saSualebebiT, iu-

ridiuli piris Seuqmnelad“.aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo ganmarteba naTlad

gveubneba, rom saerTo sameurneo an sxva miznebis mi-

saRwevad, ori an ramdenime piri kisrulobs erTobli-vad imoqmedos xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli saSuale-

bebiT. kanonmdebeli pirdapir gveubneba, rom ori an

ramdenime piris erToblivad moqmedeba, romelsac Se-

iZleba ganusazRvreli vadac hqondes, am SemTxvevaSi

iuridiul pirs ar warmoadgens. Tumca cxadia rom „ori

an ramdenime piris erToba“ arc erTi konkretuli fi-

zikuri piri ar aris, imitom rom kanonmdebeli asevepirdapir gveubneba ori an ramdenime piris erTobliv

(gaerTianebul) moqmedebaze.amrigad, samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagoba ar

warmoadgens arc fizikur pirs da arc iuridiul pirs,magram samoqalaqo kodeqsis 930-e - 940-e muxlebis Sina-

arsidan gamomdinare faqtia, rom igi kerZo samarTleb-

rivi urTierTobis monawilea.winamdebare statia im sakiTxis garkvevas eZRvne-

ba, samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagoba Tu ramdenad SeiZ-

leba iyos (ramdenad aris) mewarme subieqti, maSin roca

„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtiamomwuravad gansazRvravs mewarme subieqtebis samar-



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Tlebrivi formebis CamonaTvals da maT Soris samoqa-

laqo samarTlis amxanagoba moxseniebuli ar aris.aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa, rom

germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis (germaniis samoqalaqo

kodeqsi, mTargmneli da redaqtori zurab WeWelaSvi-

li, 2010, 14) $14-Si mewarmis cneba Semdegnairad aris Ca-

moyalibebuli:(1) mewarme aris fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, an-

da uflebaunariani amxanagoba, romelic garigebis da-debisas moqmedebs samewarmeo an damoukidebeli profe-

siuli saqmianobis farglebSi.(2) uflebaunariania amxanagoba, romelsac mini-

Webuli aqvs unari, SeiZinos uflebebi da ikisros val-

debulebebi.qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia

azri, rom samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobis samar-Tlebrivi forma SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes rogorc

arasamewarmeo miznebisaTvis, aseve samewarmeo miznebi-

saTvis (lado Wanturia, sakorporacio samarTali (sa-

xelmZRvaneloSi qarTuli samarTlis safuZvlebi), 2004,225). „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-2 muxlis pirvelipunqtis danawesidan gamomdinare ki samoqalaqo samar-

Tlis amxanagobis samarTlebrivi formis, samewarmeo

(biznes) saqmianobaSi gamoyeneba sakanonmdeblo doneze

pirdapir aRiarebuli ar aris. Tumca yoveldRiur yofa



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cxovrebaSi samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobis samar-

Tlebrivi formis samewarmeo (biznes) saqmianobaSi ga-

moyeneba didi xania xorcieldeba.am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa, rom saqarTve-

los sagadasaxado kodeqsis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad gaer-

Tianebebi, amxanagobebi da sxva msgavsi warmonaqmnebi,romelibic ar arian saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesa-

bamisad Seqmnili iuridiuli pirebi, magram axorciele-

ben ekonomikur (Sesabamisad samewarmeo) saqmianobas an

Seqmnili arian ekonomikuri (Sesabamisad samewarmeo)saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad iTvlebian sawarmod,iseve rogorc saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabami-

sad Seqmnili iuridiuli pirebi. saqarTvelos finansTa

ministris 2010 wlis 31 dekembris №996 brZanebiT dam-

tkicebuli „gadasaxadebis administrirebis Sesaxeb“ is-

truqciis pirveli muxlis me-2 punqtis „g“ qvepunqtis

Tanaxmad ki „sagadasaxado organos mier gadasaxadis ga-damxdelad aRricxvas eqvemdebareba amxanagoba da sxva

msgavsi warmonaqmni, romelsac SeiZleba warmoeSvas sa-

gadasaxado valdebuleba“. ufro metic, aRniSnuli in-

struqciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad amxanagoba

da sxva msgavsi warmonaqmni, valdebulia ekonomikurisaqmianobis dawyebamde sagadasaxado aRricxvis Sesaxeb

gancxadebiT mimarTos Semosavlebis samsaxurs.



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samoqalaqo kodeqsis 930-e muxliT gansazRvrul

sameurneo an sxva miznebSi, Cvenis azriT savsebiT SesaZ-lebelia vigulisxmoT samewarmeo anu komerciuli mi-

zani. marTalia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 24-e muxlis me-5 na-

wilis Tanaxmad „iuridiuli piri, romlis mizania same-

warmeo (komerciuli) saqmianoba unda Seiqmnas „mewarme-

Ta Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, magram es

moTxovna vrceldeba mxolod iuridiul pirebze. samo-

qalaqo samarTlis amxanagoba ki, rogorc aRiniSna sa-

moqalaqo kodeqsis 930-e muxlis Tanaxmad iuridiul

pirs ar warmoadgens. amasTan samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-10muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad „samoqalaqo urTierTo-bis monawileebs SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon kanoniT auk-

rZalavi, maT Soris kanoniT pirdapir gauTvaliswinebe-

li nebismier moqmedeba“.sayuradReboa, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasa-

marTlos samoqalaqo samarTlis palatam Tavis 2013wlis 05 dekembris as-632-601-2013 gadawyvetilebaSi gai-

zara Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjeloba, rom

„ ... samoqalaqo kodeqsis 930-e muxlis Sesabamisad Seq-

mnili erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagoba, upirveles

yovlisa aris mogebaze orientirebuli amxanagoba“.zemoT moyvanili msjelobidan gamomdinare na-

Telia, rom saqarTelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi arapirda-



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pir iTvaliswinebs, rom erToblivi saqmianobis amxana-

goba SeiZleba iyos samewarmeo (biznesis) subieqti, xo-lo saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi ki kidev ufros

met safuZvels qmnis imisaTvis, rom samoqalaqo samar-

Tlis amxanagoba iyos samewarmeo subieqti (xmalaZe, Sa-

viSvili, xatiaSvili, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeq-

sis komentarebi, 2005, 131).Tu samoqalaqo kodeqsi da sagadasaxado kodeqsi

samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobas aRiarebs, rom igi

SeiZleba iyos samewarmeo (biznes) subieqti, maSin ratom

arafers ambobs amis Sesaxeb „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqar-

Tvelos kanoni, romelic aris mewarme subieqtTa samar-Tlebrivi formebis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi normati-

uli aqti.aRsaniSnavia, rom 2008 wlis 14 martis kanoniT

„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi Sevida cvli-

leba da me-19 muxliT ganisazRvra samewarmeo amxanago-

bis cneba, romlis pirveli punqti Camoyalibda Semdeg-

nairad „Tu saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis safuZ-

velze Seqmnili amxanagoba gadawyvets registracias, is

registrirdeba samewarmeo amxanagobis saxiT“. samewar-

meo amxanagobis regulaciis sakiTxs mieZRvna aseve me-191 da me-192 muxlebi. aRniSnul kanonSi 2009 wlis 3 no-

enbers ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebiT ki me-19, me-191da me-192 muxlebi saerTod amoRebuli iqna.



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miuxedavad imisa, rom samoqalaqo samarTlis am-

xanagobas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni mewarme subieqtad

ar miiCnevs, faqtia rom realur cxovrebaSi, gansakuT-

rebiT samSeneblo biznesSi, sakmaod farTod gamoiyene-ba samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobis samarTlebrivi

forma da igi ekonomikuri brunvis monawilea (subieq-

tia).

3. erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagobis arsi

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare unda

davaskvnaT, rom samoqalaqo samarTlis samxanagoba Se-

iZleba iyos rogorc arasamewarmeo subieqti, aseve sa-

mewarmeo subieqti, risi gamijvnac saqmianobis miznidan

gamomdinare unda ganxorcieldes. „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli subieqtebi ki miuxedavad

imisa Tu ra mizans daisaxaven isini dafuZnebisas, maincsamewarmeo subieqtebi arian da eqvemdebarebian im sa-

marTlebriv reJims, rac mewarme subieqtebisaTvis aris

kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli.winamdebare statiaSi Cven mokled ganvixilavT,

erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagobis anu samoqalaqo sa-

marTlis amxanagobis im niSan-Tvisebebs, rac misTvisrogorc samewarmeo subieqtisTvis aris damaxasiaTebe-

li.



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samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobas, rogorc ker-Zo samarTlis subieqts axasiaTebs iseTive institute-

bis arseboba, rac damaxasiaTebelia „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli samewarmeo iuridiuli pi-

rebisaTvis (sps, ks, Sps, ss da kooperativi). aseTi insti-

tutebia: amxanagobis dafuZnebis procedura, saxelwo-

debis (safirmo saxelis) SerCeva, Sesatanis gansazRvra,wilobrivi monawileoba, gadasaxadis gadamxdelad re-

gistracia, marTvis organoebis Seqmna, xelmZRvaneloba

da warmomadgenloba, monawileTa (partniorTa) ufleba

movaleobebis gansazRvra, pasuxismgebloba, saqmiano-

bis Sewyveta (likvidacia) da sxva.am TvalsazrisiT, pirvel yovlisa unda iTqvas,

rom iseve rogorc sps, ks-s da kooperativis dafuZnebis

SemTxvevaSi partniori (wevri) SeiZleba iyo minimum ori

piri, erToblivi saqmianobis amxanagobis Camosayali-

bebladac (Sesaqmelad, dasafuZneblad) samoqalaqo ko-

deqsis 930-e muxlis Tanaxmad saWiroa minimum ori piri.amasTan wevrebi (damfuZneblebi) iseve rogorc mewarme

iuridiuli pirebis SemTxveveaSi, amxanagobis SemTxve-vaSic SeiZleba iyvnen rogorc fizikuri pirebi da aseve

iuridiuli pirebi.mewarme iuridiuli piris registraciisaTvis

„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti

gansazRvravs, rom saregistracio ganacxadi unda Sei-



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cavdes sawarmos safirmo saxelwodebas, „gadasaxadebis

administrirebis Sesaxeb“ instruqciis № I-02 danarTis

Tanaxmadac, amxanagobis sagadasaxado aRricxvis Sesa-xeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes gadamxdelis srul sa-

xelwodebas.mewarme iuridiuli piris partniorebi, „mewarme-

Ta Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-3 muxlis me-41 punqtis Tanaxmad

dafuZnebisas deben SeTanxmebas (wesdebas), ris safuZ-

velzec wesrigdeba sawarmos saqmianobasTan an/da par-tniorebis urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

(da romelic Seicavs swored im monacemebs, rac „mewar-

meTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad registraci-

isavis aris aucilebeli), samoqalaqo kodeqsis 931-emuxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmadac xelSekruleba unda Se-

icavdes: a) monawileTa dasaxelebasa da misamarTs; b)monacemebs erToblivi saqmianobis saxeobisa da mizne-

bis Sesaxeb; g) monawileTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs;d) marTvis organoTa struqturasa da funqciebs; e) mo-nawileTa Soris Semosavlebisa da zianis ganawilebis

wess da pirobebs; v) xelSekrulebidan gasvlis wess; z)saqmianobis xangrZlivobas; T) xelSekrulebis moSlisa

da darCenili qonebis ganawilebis wess.mewarme iuridiuli piris partniorebs, „mewarme-

Ta Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-3 muxlis me-7 punqtis TanaxmadSeuZliaT wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi gan-



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sazRvron TiToeuli partnioris Senatanis Setanis we-

si da vada, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 932-e muxlis pirvelinawilis Tanaxmadac monawileebma unda Seitanon xel-

SekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Senatanebi.„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni mewarme iuridiuli

pirebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs partniorTa Soris mogebis

ganawilebis wess, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 935-e muxlic

„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni mewarme iuridiuli pi-rebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs xelmZRvanelobisa da warmo-

madgenlobis samarTlebriv regulacias, samoqalaqo

kodeqsis 934-e muxlic aregulirebs xelmZRvanelobisa

da warmomadgenlobis sakiTxebs.„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni mewarme iuridiuli

pirebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs kreditorebis winaSe pasu-

xismgeblobas, analogiurad samoqalaqo kodeqsis 937-emuxlic iTvaliswinebs monawileTa solidarul pasu-

xismgeblobas.„mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoni mewarme iuridiuli

pirebisaTvis iTvaliswinebis likvidaciis wessa da pi-

robebs, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 939-e da 940-e muxlebiciTvaliswinebs erToblivi saqmianobis Sewyvetis safuZ-

vlebsa da Sewyvetis wess.analogiuri suraTia Zalian bevr sxva sakiTxTan

(institutTan) dakavSirebiTac, romlis detalur ana-

lizsac winamdebare statiaSi ar SevudgebiT. Tundac



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is, rom rogorc `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni, samoqalaqokodeqsic Zalian bevr dispozicir normas iTvaliswi-

nebs aRniSnuli subieqtebis dafuZnebis, marTvis, fun-

qcionirebis da saqmianobis Sewyvetis (likvidaciis) sa-

kiTxze.zemoT aRniSnuli urTierT Sedarebidan gamom-

dinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samoqalaqo samarTlis am-xanagoba qmnis sabaziso models amxanagobis tipis same-

warmeo iuridiuli pirebisaTvis e. w. personaluri sa-zogadoebebisaTvis da aseve Seicavs Zalian bevr iseT

instituts, rac axasiaTebs kapitalisturi tipis same-

warmeo sazogadoebebs.samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagoba, Tavisi arsiT

sworedac rom yvelaze ufro axlos dgas solidaruli

pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebasTan. maT Soris mTavari

gansxvaveba isaa, rom iuridiuli fiqciis (samoqalaqo

kodeqsis da „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-2 muxlis me-3punqtis) wyalobiT sps aris iuridiuli piri, xolo er-

Toblivi saqmianobis amxanagoba, samoqalaqo kodeqsis

930-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sameurneo an sxva miznebis misaR-

wevad moqmedebs iuridiuli piris Seuqmnelad. Tumca

ra Tqma unda samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobasa da `me-

warmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul mewarme su-bieqtTa samarTlebriv formebs Soris sxva gansxvavebe-

bic arsebobs.



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4. daskvna

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cve-nis azriT ukeTesi iqneba Tu mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis

me-2 muxlSi ganxorcieldeba cvlileba da daemateba am-

gvari punqti: „garda am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli me-

warme subieqtebisa, samewarmeo saqmianoba SeiZleba gan-

xorcieldes erToblivi saqmaianobis (amxanagobis)formiT, romlis Seqmis, saqmianobis da Sewyvetis wesi

ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 930 -940-e muxlebis Sesabamisad“. magram Tu kanonmdebels

surs, rom „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebu-li formebis garda sxva romelime subieqtis mier ar

ganxorcieldes samewarmeo saqmianoba, maSin aseve Se-

saZlebelia, samoqalaqo kodeqsSi Sevides cvlileba daganisazRvros rom Tu erToblivi saqmianobis amxanago-bis saqmianobis mizani samewarmeo saqmianobis ganxor-

cielebaa, maSin samoqalaqo samarTlis amxanagobis

formis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia. sayuradReboa, rom

1964 wlis 26 dekembris redaqciis samoqalaqo samar-

Tlis kodeqsis (romelic moqmedebda amJamad moqmedi

samoqalaqo kodeqis amoqmedebamde) 447-e muxlis (rome-lic aregulirebda saerTo saqmianobis xelSekrulebis

miznebs) me-2 nawili gansazRvravda, rom „moqalaqeebsSeuZliaT dadon saerTo saqmianobis xelSekruleba



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mxolod piradi sayofacxovrebo saWiroebis dasakmayo-

fileblad“.dRevandeli mdgomareoba ki am TvalsazrisiT er-

Tgvar gaurkvevlobas qmnis biznesis monawileTaTvis.aseve sayuradReboa, rom arcerTi normatiuli aqti am-

Jamad ar gansazRvravs, dasaSvebia Tu ara samoqalaqo

samarTlis samxanagobis reorganizacia „mewarmeTa Se-

saxeb“ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi for-

mis subieqtad da piriqiT SeiZleba Tu ara „mewarmeTa

Sesaxeb“ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebriviformis subieqti gardaiqmnas samoqalaqo samarTlis

amxanagobad, anda moxdes maTi erTmaneTan Serwyma.dasaxelebuli cvlilebebiT kanonmdeblobaSi

arsebuli gaurkvevlobac aRmoifxvreba da biznes saq-mianobis dawyebis msurvelTa arCevanic sakanonmdeblo

doneze ufro naTeli da daxvewili iqneba, rac kidevufro xels Seuwyobs biznesis ganviTarebas da Sesabami-

sad qveynis ekonomikur aRmavlobas.



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literatura

1. „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni;2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi:3. germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi;4. saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi;5. samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsi (1964 wlis 26

dekembris redaqcia);6. saqarTvelos finansTa ministris 2010 wlis 31

dekembris 996 brZanebiT damtkicebuli instruqcia „ga-

dasaxadebis administrirebis Sesaxeb“.7. Wanturia l., Sesavali samoqalaqo samarTlis

zogad nawilSi, Tb., 1997.;8. qarTuli samarTlis safuZvlebi, roman Senge-

lias redaqciiT, Tb., 2004.;9. xmalaZe v., SaviSvili i., xatiaSvili d., saqar-

Tvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis komentarebi, Tb., 2005.10. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqala-

qo samarTlis palatis 2013 wlis 05 dekembris as-632-601-2013 gadawyvetileba, htt://www.supremecourt.ge;



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Анзор Устиадзе

Товарищество совместной деятельности,как субъект предпринимательства (бизнеса)

Резюме

Важной ступенью начала предпринимательскойдеятельности (бизнеса) является подбор правовой формы,которая играет важную роль во всем процессепредпринимательства. Лица, заинтересованные впредпринимательской деятельности, избирают для такойдеятельности самую оптимальную для себя правовую форму.

Закон «О предпринимателях» исчерпывающеопределяет правовые формы, допускаемые впредпринимательской деятельности. Однако, в бизнесе такжешироко применяется такое образование, как совместнаядеятельность (товарищество) урегулированное Гражданскимкодексом.

Настоящая статья содержит рассуждения о сутитоварищества совместной деятельности и взаимосоответствие справовыми формами, предусмотренными законом «Опредпринимателях».



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Anzor Ustiadze

Joint Activity Partnership, as a Business EntityResume

Selection of legal form is an important stage of startingbusiness, which plays a significant part throughout the businessprocess. The persons interested in business select the, the mostoptimal legal form for his activity.

The Law “On Entrepreneurs” exhaustively determineslegal forms admitted in business activity. But such formation, as jointactivity (partnership) governed by the Civil Code is also widelyapplied in business.

This article contains discussion of essence of joint activitypartnership and its mutual compliance with the legal forms providedby the Law “On Entrepreneurs”.



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identoba

ИдентичностьIdentity

simboluri interaqcionizmi evropelTaidentobaSi

cira futkaraZe

qarTvelTa identoba tradiciulad sakmaod ax-

los iyo da aris evropelTa identobasTan. humanurixasiaTi da paralelebi evropul RirebulebebTan uf-

ro metad gvaaxlovebs dasavlur cxovrebasTan. ami-tomac advilad moxda qarTvelTa asimiliacia evro-

pul socialur jgufebSi. qarTvelTa amJamindeli yo-

fa metad rTuli, saintereso da mravalferovania. 1)rTulia im TvalsazrisiT, rom materialuri faseulo-bebis moTxovnilebaTa zrdam mkveTrad Seaferxa suli-

eri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba . 2) sainteresoa,ramdenadac qarTveli kaci Sinaganad mebrZoli da ambi-

ciuri, cdilobs mxari aubas yvela im cvlilebas, rasac

globalizacia hqvia da yvelaze mTavari- 3) mravalfe-



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rovneba-qarTvelTa nawili, romelic migraciul pro-

cesebSia CarTuli,cdiloben TavianTi SemosavlebiqarTuli saxelmwifos ekonomikur aRmavlobas moaxma-

ron, aq xdeba ZiriTadad maTi materialuri resursebis

gadmomisamarTeba. anu,Cveni analizis Tema qarTvelTa

socialuri jgufebia, romlebic kulturalurad dainteleqtualurad asocirdebian evropul Rirebule-

bebTan. midi werda“socialuri jgufis qcevas, socia-

lur fsiqologiaSi, ar ganvixilavT misi calkeuli in-

dividebis qcevis TvalsazrisiT.Cven ufro gamovdi-

varT jgufuri aqtivobis,socialuri mTlianobis mona-

cemebidan,romlis CarCoebSi vaanalizebT TiToeuli

individis qcevas...[mead,1934,p7]“.evropuli identoba JRers ambiciozurad,magram

amaSi brali aravis ar miuZRvis.evropuli identoba

gansazRvravs evropelebis koleqtiurobas,maT speci-

fikur-evropul saerTo niSnebs,maxasiaTeblebs,anusityva evropuli ar gamoiyeneba sityvis mxolod geog-

rafiuli mniSvnelobiT,misi istoriuli fesvebi modis

saxeldobr „nacionaluri-‘’s evropuli gagebiT. termi-

ni evrpouli identoba ucxoa sxva kontinentTaTvis.sxvadasxva erovnebis xalxebi,gafantuli mTeli evro-

pis kontinentze,cxovroben saerTo identobis Seg-

rZnebiT,romliTac ver flobs vercerTi kontinentis



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warmomadgenlebi. maT axasiaTebT mWidro kavSiri jgu-

fis SigniT; jgufis wevrebs erToblivad SeuZliaT Cai-

dinon raime qmedeba gaucnobiereblad,Tuki maTi Zire-

uli sazrunavi emTxveva. anu,evropuli identobis mata-reblebs axasiaTebT grZnobebis urTierTSoris gayo-

fa,isini Tavis Tavs pirvel rigSi aRiqvamen, rogorc ev-

ropels da ara mxolod,rogorc espanels,Sveds,belgi-

els da a. S. es SegrZneba ucxoa araevropelTaTvis.statiis saTaurSi evropuli identoba davukav-

SireT simbolur interaqcionizms-„simboluri inte-

raqcionizmi evropul identobaSi“.interaqcionizms aq viyenebT,rogorc piro-

bas,romelic aucilebelia monawileTa urTierTqmede-

bis reaqciaze .interaqcionistuli orientacia Tavis-Tavad gulisxmobs socialuri urTierTqmedebis pro-

cess,individis socialuri qcevis gagebis Tvalsazri-

siT.ra xerxebiT da saSualebebiT xorcieldeba da re-

gulirdeba socialuri interaqciis procesi, swored

es gvinda mokled avsaxoT Cvens naSromSi.Cndeba interesi komunikaciis problemisadmi

simboloebis,enis,situaciebis interpretaciis,pirov-

nebis struqturis,roluri qcevebis,referentuli

jgufebis,rogorc wyaro, socialuri mizandasaxulo-



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bebis da socialuri urTierTmedebis normebis formi-

rebis.interaqcionistebma SeimuSaves iseTi mimarTu-

lebebi,rogoricaa:1) simboluri interaqcionizmi.2) rolebis Teoria.3) referentuli jgufebis Teoria.es mimarTulebebi xSirad urTierTgadajaWvu-

lia, Tumca Cven mxolod simbolur interaqcionizms

ganvixilavT. j.midis ideaTa gamgrZelebelni, simbolu-

ri interaqcionizmis warmomadgenlebi, gansakuTre-

bul yuradRebas amaxvileben „simboluri komunikaci-

is“ problemaze, sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saubrebze,urTierTqmedebebze, ganxorcielebuli simboloebis

meSveobiT.blumeris mosazrebiT, simboluri interaqcio-

nizmi emyareba sam winapirobas:1. adamianebi axdenen qmedebas’’nivTebTan“ mimar-

TebaSi,im mniSvnelobiT,romliTac xdeba am nivTebis

aRqma. ‘’nivTi“ aq interpretirebulia rogorc,yvelafe-

ri, rac adamianis irgvlivaa: fizikuri sagnebi; sxva

adamianebi;socialuri kategoriebi, magaliTad megob-

rebi da mtrebi; socialuri institutebi-skola,saxel-

mwifo da a.S.; idealebi-piradi Tavisufleba da patios-



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neba; sxva adamianebis qcevebi-maTi brZanebebi, survi-

lebi da situaciebi, romlebsac exebian TavianT yovel-

dRiur cxovrebaSi.2. meore winapiroba-nivTebi iqmneba an aRmocen-

deba socialur garemocvasTan urTierTqmedebis Se-

degad.3. mesame Teoriuli winapiroba miuTiTebs,rom es

mniSvnelobebi gamoiyeneba da icvleba adamianis miergarSemortymuli nivTebis interpretaciis procesSi

[Blumer,1937,p.81].simboluri interaqcionizmis warmomadgenlebi

xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, adamianis arsebobas ara mxolod

bunebriv,fizikur,aramed simbolur garemocvaSi, aseve

simboloebi, rogorc Tanmsdevi funqcia socialuri

urTierTqmedebis procesSi[Blumer,1984].interaqcionistebi aviTareben j.midis Sexedu-

lebas-komunikaciis warmatebulad ganxorcielebis-

Tvis individs esaWiroeba flobdes ”sxvisi rolis mi-

Rebis“unariT, anu, Sevides im adamianis mdgomareoba-

Si,viskenac mimarTulia komunikacia da Sexedos Tavis

Tavs misi TvalebiT. am SemTxvevaSi individi gardaiq-

mneba pirovnebad, socialur arsebad,romelsac SeuZ-

lia sakuTar Tavs moepyros ,rogorc obieqts,anu gaac-

nobieros azri mis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis,qceve-



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bis da warmoidginos es sityvebi da qcevebi, rogor

aRiqmeba sxva adamianis mier.socialuri jgufebi,sadac adamianebi monawile-

oben jgufis warmatebulobaSi, individs uxdeba gan-

zogadeba jgufis umravlesobaTa poziciebis.indivi-

dis jgufSi qcevas j.midi aRniSnavs,rogorc“Sedegikonkretuli individis mier sxvebis mizandasaxuloba-

Ta miRebas sakuTar TavTan mimarTebaSi,rogorc erT

mTlian mizandasaxulobas,an mosazrebas,romelsac Se-

iZleba ewodos mizandasaxuloba“ ganzogadebuli sxvi-

si“ [Mead,1934,p.90]. midisTvis “ganzogadebuli sxva“pir-

dapir kavSirSia referentuli jgufis problemasTan.erTerTi mTavari Tezisi simboluri interaqci-

onizmis mocemulia ,rogorc mtkicebuleba,rom indivi-

di,pirovneba yovelTvis socialuria,anu pirovneba arSeiZleba formirdebodes sazogadoebis gareSe

[Blumer,1984].pirovneba Tuki ar SeiZleba formirdebodes sa-

zogadoebis gareSe,ismis kiTxva-ras warmoadgens pi-

rovnebis birTvi? - ra Tqna unda sakuTari Tavis iden-

turoba,romelic me-koncefciaSi vlindeba.me-koncef-

cia warmoadgens codnisa da rwmenis sistemas,romel-

sac individi flobs Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb: Tu ras war-

moadgens individi,ra aris misi mniSvnelovani maxasia-



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Teblebi,ras fiqrobs individi imaze,Tu ras akeTebs is

kargad da ras cudad,ra saxis situaciebs aZlevs upi-

ratesobas da ras erideba.pirovneba vlindeba agreTve imaSi, Tu rogor

afasebs is Tavis Tavs,rac TviTpativiscemaSi aisaxeba.socialuri mecnierebebisTvis mniSvnelovan proble-

mas warmoadgens pirovnebis am aspeqtis,me-s codnis Ca-

moyalibebis sakiTxi.Sesabamisad uamravi gamokvleva

mieZRvna am problema.miTiTebuli iqna mTeli rigi wya-

roebi,Tu rogor yalibdeba,saidan momdinareobs me-s

codna.maT Soris gansakuTrebiT aRiniSna: 1) sociali-

zaciis procesi-miTiTebuli iqna ,rom individs bavSvo-

bidan garkveuli maneriT epyrobian mSoblebi,maswav-

leblebi,megobrebi.rom garkveuli asakis Semdeg indi-

vidi monawileobs ama Tu im eTnikur,kulturul an re-

ligiur aqtivobebSi,rac ayalibebs idividis gamocdi-lebis birTvs da gamocdilebis regularobas ki mivya-

varT iqamde,rom is gaSinaganebuli xdeba,rogorc me-koncefciis mniSvnelovani aspeqti; 2)refleqsirebuli

Sefaseba aris refleqsi im reaqciebisa,rac sxvebs aqvT

individze; 3) ukukavSiri sxvebidan-ra ukukavSirs

iRebs individi sakuTari Tvisebebis Sesaxeb; 4) me-s per-

cepcia-ras askvnis individi Tavisi pirovnuli Tvise-

bebis Sesaxeb sakuTar qcevaze dakvirvebiT; 5) garemo-



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seuli gansxvavebulobani - anu faqtorebi, romlebic

individs gansxvavebuls xdis; 6) socialuri Sedareba-individis mier sakuTari konkretuli Tvisebebis Sefa-

seba msgavs sxvasTan SedarebiT; 7) socialuri identu-

roba-romelic individis socialuri jgufis wevrobi-

dan momdinareobs.Cven swored am ukanasknelze gvinda gavamaxvi-

loT yuradReba. iTvleba, rom socialuri identuroba

warmoadgens me-koncefciis nawils, romelic momdina-

reobs misi socialuri jgufis wevrobidan, Rirebule-

bebsa da emociur mniSvnelobasTan erTad, romelic da-

kavSirebulia jgufis wevrobasTan. es jgufi SeiZleba

iyos ojaxi, eTnikuri an religiuri jgufi da a.S. rad-

gan socialuri identuroba me-koncefciis mniSvnelo-

van nawils warmoadgens, unda vivaraudoT, rom socia-luri identurobiT pirovnebaSi garkveuli Rirebule-

baTa sistemis Camoyalibeba xdeba. Tu ra Rirebulebu-

lebebis matarebelia individi, ufro metad ganisaz-

Rvreba imiT, Tu romel jgufTan axdens individi iden-

tifikacias. am mimarTulebiT interaqcionistebi ik-

vleven pirovnebis iseT mdgomareobas da qcevas, rom-lisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia mocemuli pirovnebis

warmatebuli TanamSromloba sxva individebTan.



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interaqcionistTa kvlevebi am mimarTulebiTiziarebs interesebs evropuli identobis mkvlevare-

bis interesTa sferodan. kerZod:evropuli identoba, rogorc obieqturi moce-

muloba, xasiaTTa erToblioba, evropelebis gansxvave-

ba araevropelebisgan tradiciebiT, kulturiT, cxov-

rebis stiliT da azrovnebis sistemiT. isini acnobie-

reben TavianT evropul identobas iseTi faqtorebiT,rogoricaa erTiani evropuli saxelmwifos terito-

ria, erTiani civilizacia da istoriuli ganviTareba.evropisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli identobis

kvali nelnela irecxeba. axlis ZiebiT aRvsili evropu-

li identoba winaaRmdegobebiT savsea: erTis mxriverovnuli niSnebis da moZraobebis wina planze wamowe-

va,meores mxriv-sazogadoebis nawilis gaZlierebuli

swrafva evropuli identobisadmi. evropuli identoba

ki arasodes ar warmoadgenda erTian koncepcias, mTa-

vari isaa, rom ar SemuSavebula gegma erTiani integra-

ciis konteqstSi. „evropis mamebi“ r. Sumani, J.monne va-

raudobdnen, rom integraciis procesi da axali evro-

pis Seqmna aRmoCndeba xangrZlivi, etapobrivi. arse-

bobs absoluturad gansxvavebuli, istoriuli, poli-

tikuri, socialuri da normatiuli warmodgenebi ev-

ropuli identobis Sesaxeb. amitomac aucilebelia va-



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221

RiaroT arseboba gansxvavebuli konteqstebis, Teori-uli safuZvlebis da politikuri realiebis am termi-

nis gamoyenebis.saqarTvelo Tavisi istoriiT, kulturiT, msof-

lmxedvelobiT dasavlur qveynad moiazreba. universa-

luri Rirebulebebi, romelTa matarebelic evro-

paa(adamianuri Rirseba, Tavisufleba, demokratia, Ta-

nasworoba,umciresobaTa uflebebis dacva) iZleva demok-

ratiis ganviTarebis saSualebas. ismis kiTxva:rogor

unda ganviTardes demokratiuli sazogadoeba, rom

amas ar Seewiros erovnuli identoba?am kiTxvaze mkvlevarebi muSaoben da momavalSi

kvlavac imuSaveben. demokratiuli sazogadoebis gan-viTarebis da evropuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisTvalsazrisiT studentTa jgufSi CavatareT martivi

kvleva.studentebs miecaT Cemdegi saxis davaleba: 1)

jgufi unda daiyos sam nawilad; 2) TiToeulma jgufma

unda airCios qveyana,romelTanac axdenen identobas

erTi konkretuli Rirebulebis safuZvelze; 3) 1-100%ganzomilebaSi maT mier SerCeul Rirebulebas ra pro-centuloba unda daeTmos individTa mSvidobiani da

warmatebuli TanacxovrebisTvis.



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ase gamoiyureba studentTa mier Sesrulebuli

davalebis Sedegebi:

adamianisTvis saWiro Rirebulebebs -sityvis

Tavisufleba,erovnuloba -misi dacvis mniSvnelovani

aspeqti-kanonis uzenaesoba SeerCa. aq Cans rom pirovne-

bis me-koncepciis Camoyalibeba xdeba socializaciisprocesSi mis mier sazogadoebis RirebulebaTa da nor-

maTa aTviseba-formirebiT.

1 jgufi aSSRirebuleba

procentuli maC-veneblebi

sityvis Tavisufleba 30%

2 jgufi germania kanonis uzenaesoba 35%

3 jgufi safrangeTi erovnuloba 35%

სიტყვისთავისუფლება

კანონისუზენაესობა

ეროვნულობა



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samive Rirebuleba- sityvis Tavisufleba, erov-nuloba da kanonis uzenaesoba urTierTgadajaWvu-

lia,rac ase gamovsaxeT naxazze.samive Rirebuleba-sityvis Tavisufleba, kano-

nis uzenaesoba da erovnuloba-CarCoebSi xorcieldeba

socialuri qmedebebi, Tumca ar iTvleba gadamwyvet

faqtorad am moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis. kavSiri amRirebulebebs Soris erwymis pirovnebaTaSoriso ur-

TierTobebs, rac gulisxmobs ara mxolod azrTa gac-

vlas, aramed mniSvnelovania saqmianobiTi gacvlebi.hipoTezebCvens mier Sesrulebul mcire kvle-

vas aqvs Semdegi:1. erovnuloba da kanonis uzenaesoba iden-

tificirdeba evropul RirebulebebTan.2. sityvis Tavisufleba me-koncefciis Camo-

yalibebis qvakuTxedia; gare faqtorebs naklebad SeuZ-

liaT zegavlena moaxdinon Sinagan faqtorebze.vfiqrobT saintereso Sedegi mogvca analizma.

sami Rirebuleba, romelic axalgazrdebma umniSvnelo-

vanesad SearCies, ori Rirebuleba evropuli qveynidan

aiRes, risi saSualebiTac moaxdines TavianTi evropu-

li identobis gamovlineba, amiT warmoaCines, rom isinikulturalurad da inteleqtualurad dasavluri Ri-

rebulebebis matarebeli adamianebi arian.



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amrigad, simboluri interaqcionizmi eswrafvis

pirovnebas miuaxlovdes, rogorc socialur movlenas,moipovos pirovnebis formirebis socialur-fsiqolo-giuri meqanizmebi sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis

dros (socialur jgufSi, sazogadoebaSi, skolaSi,ojaxSi da a.S.), rac evropuli identobisTvis umTavre-

sia. praqtika gviCvenebs, rom „qarTuli identoba TiT-qmis yvela mimarTulebiT tradiciulad axlos aris

evropul identobasTan“.

literatura

1. futkaraZe c. qristiani da mahmadiani qarTve-

lebis me-koncefcia (SedarebiTi analizi). perioduli

samecniero Jurnali“ inteleqti“#1 (18)2004.

2. Андреева Г. М.; Богомолова Н. Н.; Петровскаиа Л.А.-Зарубежная Социальная Психологиа ХХ Столетия.стр.179-193.

3. АШПИ/Арапина С.В. Европейская идентичность:теориа и практика (некоторие аспекти).

4. Blumer H. der Methodologische Standort desSymbolischen Interactionismus// Alltagwissen Interaction undGesellschaftliche Wirklichkeit.bd.1.1937.#1

5. Mead G.H. Mind,Self,Society.Chicago,1934.



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Tsira Phutkaradze

Symbolic interactionism in the European identityResume

There is a symbolic interactionism of the European identityin this scientific work. What is the main difference from theEuropean identity between not European.

Interactionism is used as a condition required for thesuccessful interaction of the participants (team members) in scientificwork. There are developed directions by interactionists such assymbolic interactionism; 2) role theory; 3) theory of reference groupsbut we'll discuss in this scientific work only about symbolicinteractionism.

There is used views of H. Blumer's and G. Meaddi's aboutinteractionism in particular, the fact in which case the personcooperate successfully with other individuals.

Research interactionists in this direction coincide with theinterests of researchers European identity. That is European identityas an objective given,

set of characters, unlike Europeans from non-Europeantraditions, style of life and system of thought. They are aware of theirEuropean identity factors such as the territory of European Unionmember states, a single civilization and historical development.



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"Fathers of Europe" as Robert Schuman and Jean Monnetwere of opinion that the process of integration and creation of a newEurope will be long and gradual.

Цира Путкарадзе

Символический интеракционизм в идентностиевропейцев

Резюме

В научном труде приведен символическийинтеракционизм в идентности европейцев. В чем главноеотличие европейской идентности от неевропейской.

Интеракционизм в труде используется как условие,обязательное для успешного взаимодействия участников(членов группы). Из разработанных интеракционистаминаправлений, таких как:

1. Символический интеракционизм;2. Теория ролей;3. Теория референтных групп,

мы остановимся только на символическоминтеракционизме. В труде использованы

взгляды Х. Блуммера, Г. Меадда на интеракционизм, вчастности, на то, в каком случае удается личности успешносотрудничать с другими индивидуумами.



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Исследования интеракционистов в этомнаправлении совпадают с интересами исследователейевропейской идентности. То есть европейская идентность, какобъективная данность, совокупность характеров, отличиеевропейцев от неевропейцев традициями, стилем жизни исистемой мышления. Они осознают свою евройпескуюидентность такими факторами, как территория единогоевропейского государства, единая циивилизация иисторическое развитие. „Отцы Европы“ Р.Шуман, Ж.Моннепредполагали, что процесс интеграции и создание новойЕвропы будет длительный, поэтапный.

Sromebis krebuli

Сборник трудов

PROCEDINGS

socialur mecnierebaTa sakiTxebi

Вопросы социальных наукProblems of Social Sciences

VIII

redaqtori:irakli manveliZe

teqnikuri redaqtorigiorgi qaTamaZe

gamomcemlobis redaqtori:iza xarebava

tiraJi 200

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19,: 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30E-mail: [email protected]

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