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³ííèöÿ – îäíå ³ç íàéñòàð³øèõ ³íàéçàãàäêîâ³øèõ ì³ñò Óêðà¿íè. Ïåð-øà ïèñåìíà çãàäêà äàòóºòüñÿ 1363ðîêîì. Öÿ îáñòàâèíà äîâîäèòü, ùî íàòîé ÷àñ ì³ñòî, ÿê àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíà îäè-íèöÿ, âæå ³ñíóâàëî ³ ìàëî ïåâíèéâïëèâ íà ïëåìåíà, ÿê³ ïðîæèâàëè âöåíòðàëüí³é ÷àñòèí³ Ïîä³ëëÿ.

Ðîçïîâ³äàòè ïðî ñó÷àñíó ³ííè-öþ âèîêðåìëåíî â³ä íàâêîëèøí³õñ³ë (ßêóøèíö³, Çàðâàíö³, Ëóêà-Ìå-ëåøê³âñüêà, ³ííèöüê³ Õóòîðè) íå

ñiì ñòîëiòüseven centuries

Vinnytsia – is one of the oldest andmost mysterious cities of Ukraine. Thefirst written record dates from the yearof 1363. This fact proves that at thattime the city already existed as anadministrative unit and had someimpact on the tribes that lived in thecentral part of Podillya.

It is not quite right to tell aboutmodern Vinnytsia separately from theneighboring villages (Yakushyntsi,Zarvantsi, Luka-Meleshkivska, Vinnytski

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çîâñ³ì ïðàâèëüíî, áî, óìîâíî, íàé-ñòàð³øà íà ñüîãîäí³, ÷àñòèíà ì³ñòàùå ÿêèõîñü ï’ÿòñîò ðîê³â òîìó ìàëà³íøèé öåíòð, ³ íèí³ ÷èìàë³ íàä³ëèâêàçàíèõ ñ³ë º ñêëàäîâîþ îáëàñíî-ãî öåíòðó. Ç òî÷êè çîðó íàóêè ³ñòî-ðè÷íà ÷àñòèíà ñòîñóºòüñÿ ñòàðîãîì³ñòà ³ ñêåëÿñòèõ áåðåã³â, äå íèí³ïñèõîíåâðîëîã³÷íà ë³êàðíÿ ³ìåí³Þùåíêà. Òóò ìåøêàëè ëþäè ùå çàï³çíüîãî ïàëåîë³òó (40-10 òèñ. ðîê³âòîìó).

...Îêðàñîþ ÿê äàâíüîãî, òàê ³ ñó-÷àñíîãî ì³ñòà áóëà ³ º ð³÷êà, ùî âïðî-äîâæ ñòîë³òü íîñèëà íàçâó Áîã. Òå-ïåð – Ï³âäåííèé Áóã.

Îñü óæå íå îäíå äåñÿòèë³òòÿ íà-óêîâö³ ñïåðå÷àþòüñÿ ùîäî ïîõîäæåí-íÿ íàçâè ì³ñòà, àëå é äîñ³ íå ïðèéø-ëè äî îäíîñòàéíîñò³. Õî÷à âàðòî íà-óêîâöÿì ïîãîäèòèñü – ì. ³ííèöÿ ºîäíèì ç íàéñòàð³øèõ ì³ñò Ïðàâîáå-ðåæíî¿ Óêðà¿íè.

ßê óæå çàçíà÷åíî, ì³ñòî ò³ñíî ïî-

Khutory), because, conventionally, theoldest for today part of the city hadanother center some five hundred yearsago, and now considerable plots of thementioned villages are part of theregional city. From the point of view ofscience, historical part relates to Old Cityand rocky shores, where now you canfind psycho-neurological hospital namedafter Yushchenko. Here people livedduring the late Paleolithic (40-10thousand years ago).

…Decoration of ancient and moderncity was and is the river that forcenturies was called God. Now – it isPivdennyi Bug.

For the past several decades,scientists argue about the origin of thename of the city, but still they have notreached a consensus. Althoughscientists should agree – Vinnytsia isone of the oldest cities in the Right-Bank Ukraine.

As already mentioned, the city is

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â’ÿçàíå (ùî çàñâ³ä÷åíîàðõåîëîã³÷íèìè ðîç-êîïêàìè) ç òðèï³ëüñü-êîþ êóëüòóðîþ. Íà ö³éòåðèòî𳿠îñ³ë³ ëþäè-çåìëåðîáè ìåøêàëèçäàâíà. Íàñòóïíèì åòà-ïîì ñòàëà ÷åðíÿõ³âñü-êà òà çàðóáèíåöüêàêóëüòóðè. Îñîáëèâîáàãàòî ïàì’ÿòîê çàëè-øèëè ïî ñîá³ ñê³ôè.

Ãëèáîêó ³ñòîð³þ òå-ðèòîð³¿, ïðî ÿêó âåäå-ìî ìîâó, âïåðøå, äî-ñèòü ́ ðóíòîâíî, âèâ÷èâ³ îïðèëþäíèâ â³äîìèéâ÷åíèé Â. Îòàìàíîâñü-êèé ó ìîíîãðàô³¿ «Â³ííèöÿ â Õ²V-ÕV²²ñòîë³òòÿõ».

Îñü âèòÿã ³ç éîãî ïðàö³: «Á³ëüøó÷àñòèíó ³ííèöüêîãî ïîâ³òó âêðèòîñ³ðèìè ë³ñîâèìè ñóãëèíêàìè, çóñòð³÷à-

closely connected(evidenced by archeolo-gical excavations) withTrypillian culture. On thisterritory, settled farmerslived since old times. Thenext stage was Chernya-kivska and Zarubynetskacultures. Especially manymonuments were leftbehind by Scythians.

The deep history ofthe territory, about whichwe are talking, was forthe first time thoroughlystudied and published bya famous scientist V.Otamanovskyi in the

monograph «Vinnytsia in Õ²V-ÕV²²centuries».

Here is an extract from his work:«The major part of Vinytsia district iscovered with gray forest loams, you can

Ìàéäàí Íåçàëåæíîñò³ Independence Square

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þòüñÿ ÷îðíîçåìë³… Ïîâñþäíî º ãîí-÷àðí³ ãëèíè, îñîáëèâî êàîë³í. Õàðàê-òåð ãðóíò³â ïîêàçóº, ùî íà òåðèòîð³¿ïîâ³òó ñóö³ëüíèìè ìàñèâàìè òÿãíóëè-ñÿ ïîäåêóäè ïóù³, à ñåðåä íèõ, ÿê âè-ÿâëÿþòü íàçâè ñòàðîäàâí³õ îñàä (Ëóêà,Ïðèëóêà), ÷èìà-ëî áóëî íàâçë³ññÿõ ïðèðîä-íèõ ëóê; ñòåïèáóëè ãîëîâíî âï³âí³÷íî-ñõ³äí³é÷àñòèí³ ïîâ³òó.˳ñè ñåðåäíüîãîÏîáîææÿ íàëå-æàòü äî òèïó ñå-ð å ä í ü î º â ð î -ïåéñüêèõ, à ïå-ðåâàæàþòü ÷îðí³ì³øàí³ ë³ñè. Îñ-íîâó ë³ñîâî¿ ðîñ-ëèííîñò³ ñòàíî-âèòü ãðàá, à äî

also find black soils there... Everywherethere are pottery clays, especially kaolin.The nature of soils shows that on theterritory of district here and there werevirgin forests in the form of solid masses,and among them the names of ancient

sediment werefound (Luka,Pryluka), therewere many natu-ral meadows atforest edges;steppes weremainly in thenortheastern partof the district.Forests of middlePobozhzhya be-long to the typeof middle Euro-pean, and blackmixed forestsprevail there. The

Ìàéäàí Íåçàëåæíîñò³ Independence Square

ªâðîïåéñüêà ïëîùà European Square

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çâè÷àéíèõ òóòåøí³õ äåðåâ íàëåæàòü:ÿñåí, ëèïà, êëåí, ÿâ³ð, áåðåñò, äóá, ñî-ñíà, îñèêà, òîïîëÿ, äèêà ãðóøà, äèêàÿáëóíÿ, ÷åðåìõà òà ÷åðåøíÿ.

 ë³ñàõ òà â ñòåïàõ, â ð³÷êàõ òàíà áîëîòàõ áóëè òóò â³ääàâíà âåëè-÷åçí³ ôàóí³ñòè÷í³ áàãàòñòâà. Çà ÷àñ³âïåðåä³ñòîðè÷íèõ âîäèëèñÿ ìàìóòè,íîñîðîãè, ïðàçóáðè òà îëåí³. ßê âè-êàçóþòü àêòîâ³ äæåðåëà òà òåïåð³øí³ðåøòêè ôàóíè, íà ñåðåäíüîìó Ïî-áîææ³ âîäèëîñÿ áàãàòî ë³ñîâèõ çâ³ð³â:òóðè, çóáðè, ëîñ³, îëåí³, âåäìåä³, äèê³ñâèí³, áîáðè, âîâêè, ëèñè, äèê³ êîòè,êîçè, ¿æàêè, áîðñóêè, êóíèö³, òõîðè,ãîðíîñòà¿, âèâ³ðêè, çàéö³), çâ³ð³â ñòå-ïîâèõ: äèê³ êîí³ ³ ñàéãàêè, âîäÿíèõ:-íîðêà é âèäðà, ñèëà âîäÿíîãî, áîëî-òÿíîãî, ë³ñîâîãî é ñòåïîâîãî ïòàñòâà:äèê³ ãóñè é êà÷êè, ÷îðíîãóç, ÷àïëÿ,æóðàâåëü, ãîëóáè, ïåðåïåëèöÿ, îðÿ-áîê òà ³í.  ëèïîâèõ ë³ñàõ – áäæîëè,à â Áîãó òà â ð³÷êàõ ³ îçåðàõ – ñèëàâñÿêî¿ ðèáè: êîðîï, ëÿù, ñîì, ùóïàêòà ñëàâíîçâ³ñíèé áîãñüêèé âåðåçóá».

Êîëè ïî÷àëà ôîðìóâàòèñÿ äàâ-íüîðóñüêà äåðæàâà ç³ ñòîëèöåþ âÊèºâ³, «çàãàäêîâ³» ïëåìåíà òèâåðö³âòà óëè÷³â, î÷îëþâàí³ êíÿçÿìè, â÷è-íèëè â³ä÷àéäóøíèé ñïðîòèâ ³ ïðîòÿ-ãîì ê³ëüêîõ ñòîë³òü íåâïèííî âîþâà-ëè ç ï³âí³÷íèì ñóñ³äîì çà ñâîáîäó.Íàâ³òü çà íàéá³ëüøîãî ðîçâèòêó Êè¿-âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ ðàííüîôåîäàëüíà äåðæà-âà íå çóì³ëà ïîâí³ñòþ ï³äêîðèòè áó-æàí, ÿê³ ïðîäîâæóâàëè æèòè çà áàòü-ê³âñüêèìè çàêîíàìè, ïîêëîíÿþ÷èñüñâî¿ì áîãàì. Ëèøå â³äìîâà â³ä çáðîé-íî¿ åêñïàíñ³¿ é íàëàãîäæåííÿ òîðãî-âåëüíèõ ñòîñóíê³â ïðèíåñëà ìèð óñëîâ’ÿíñüêèé ä³ì. Ùîïðàâäà, â÷åí³äîñ³ íå ä³éøëè âèñíîâêó ïðî ïîâíó àí-òðîïîëîã³÷íó ºäí³ñòü ïëåìåí. Ïðèíöè-ïîâî âàæëèâî çíàòè, ùî ñàìå òèâåðö³òà óëè÷³ ïåðøèìè çàâ’ÿçàëè òîðãî-âåëüí³ òà êóëüòóðí³ ñòîñóíêè ç ï³âäåí-íèìè òà çàõ³äíèìè íàðîäàìè. Çãîäîì,

basis of forest vegetation is hornbeam,and usual local trees include the following:ash tree, linden, maple, sycamore, elm,oak, pine, aspen, poplar, wild pear, wildapple, bird cherry and cherry.

In the forests and steppes, in therivers and on the marshes was hugefaunal wealth here long time ago. Duringprehistoric times the mammoths,rhinoceros, deers and aurochs werefound there. As official sources andcurrent fauna remains indicate a lot offorest animals were on the territory ofmiddle Pobozhzhya: wild oxen, aurochs,moose, deers, bears, wild bigs, beavers,wolves, foxes, wild cats, goats,hedgehogs, badgers, martens, polecats,ermine, squirrel, rabbits), steppeanimals: wild horses and saiga antelope,water animals: mink and otter, thepower of water, marsh, forest and steppepoultry: wild geese and ducks, stork,heron, crane, doves, female quail, hazelgrouse and etc. In linden forests – bees,and in Bug and in the rivers and lakes –the power of any fish: carp, bream,catfish, pike and well-known bohskyykutum».

When Kievan Rus started itsformation with its capital in Kyiv,«mysterious» tribes Tyvertsi and Ulychi,led by princes, rendered a desperateresistance and during several centuriescontinually fought against a northernneighbor for freedom. Even in the timeof the greatest development of KievanRus early-feudal state failed to bringBuzhans under its full control, whocontinued to live according to thepaternal law, worshiping their gods. Onlythe refusal from the armed expansionand establishing trade relations broughtpeace to the Slavic houses. However,scientists have not still reached aconclusion on the full anthropologicalunity of tribes. It is crucially importantto know that exactly Tyvertsi and Ulychi

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ðîç÷èíÿþ÷è â ñîá³ ìàëî÷èñåëüí³ ïëå-ìåíà, â êðà¿ âèòâîðèëàñÿ äåùîâ³äì³ííà åòí³÷íà ñï³ëüíîòà, êîòðóïîºäíàëà ìîâà òà êóëüòóðà, ÿêó çà-ëèøèëè ïîïåðåäí³ öèâ³ë³çàö³¿. Óñå öåáàãàòñòâî ìîæíà ïîáà÷èòè ó ³ííèöü-êîìó îáëàñíîìó êðàºçíàâ÷îìó ìóçå¿,à îêðåì³ ôðàãìåíòè ì³ñòÿòüñÿ â íå-âåëè÷êèõ ñ³ëüñüêèõ âèñòàâêàõ. Ïðî-òÿãîì ðîê³â ðîçêîïîê âèÿâëåíî áà-ãàòî ð³çíèõ àðòåôàêò³â, ùî ï³äòâåð-äæóþòü äàâí³ñòü ëþäíîñò³ íà òåðè-òî𳿠̳çÿê³âñüêèõ Õóòîð³â, Ëóêè-Ìå-ëåøê³âñüêî¿, ßêóøèíåöü ³ Ñòðèæàâ-êè.

³ííèöÿ ³ íàâêîëèøí³ ñåëà, íà÷åìàãí³ò, ïðèâàáëþâàëè äî ñåáå íåò³ëüêè ìàéñòðîâèòèõ ëþäåé, à éð³çíîãî øòèáó çàâîéîâíèê³â. Òàêñïðèÿòëèâ³ äëÿ æèòòÿ ïðèðîäí³ êðàº-âèäè, îñîáëèâî ë³ñè òà çàïëàâè, âîä-íî÷àñ ïåðåòâîðþâàëèñÿ ó ðÿò³âíèê³â,äàþ÷è ïðèõèñòîê.

Ïðîòÿãîì òðèâàëîãî ÷àñó â³ííè-÷àíè áóëè ï³ä âëàäîþ Ãàëèöüêî-Âî-ëèíñüêèõ êíÿç³â, àëå, ÿê ñâ³ä÷àòüôàêòè,âîíè íå õîò³ëè êîðèòèñÿ í³êî-ìó.Âíàñë³äîê ÷îãî ïîòåðïàëè â³äçáðîéíèõ íàïàä³â. Ç íàá³ãàìè ìîí-ãîëî-òàòàð íà Êè¿âñüêó Ðóñü ó³ííèö³ òà íàâêîëèøí³õ ñåëàõ í³÷î-ãî íå çì³íèëîñÿ, áî öþ òåðèòîð³þàç³éñüê³ îðäè îìèíóëè. ßê íå ïàðà-äîêñàëüíî, àëå ìåøêàíö³, ÿê³ âîë³-ëè çàéìàòèñÿ çåìëåðîáñòâîì (ïîêà-çîâèì ôàêòîì º òå, ùî ì³ñöåâå íà-ñåëåííÿ çäàâíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàëîïëóãè ç ìåòàëåâèìè íàðàëüíèêàìè òàëåìåøàìè äëÿ âàæêèõ ãðóíò³â), äî-ñèòü ïðèõèëüíî ïîñòàâèëèñÿ äî ïðè-õîäó ëèòîâñüêèõ êíÿç³â Êîð³àòî-âè÷³â. Íîâ³ âîëîäàð³ êðàþ íå ÷èíè-ëè ãðàáóíê³â, à íàâïàêè ñï³ëüíî çì³ñöåâèìè æèòåëÿìè çàõèùàëè âëàñ-íèé îñ³äîê ³ íàâêîëèøí³ ñåëà â³ä òà-òàðñüêèõ çàç³õàíü. Íèí³ àðõåîëîã³÷-íî äîâåäåíî, ùî íà òîé ÷àñ ³ííèöÿ

were first who entered into trade andcultural relations with the southern andwestern nations. Subsequently,dissolving in itself numericallyinsignificant tribes, a slightly differentethnic community was formed there,which combined language and culture,which were left by previous civilization.All this wealth can be seen at Vinnytsiaregional history museum and somefragments can be found in small ruralexhibitions. Over the years ofexcavations many different artifactswere revealed that confirm the antiquityof population on the territory ofMizyakivski Khutory, Luka-Meleshkivska,Yakushyntsi and Stryzhavka.

Vinnytsia and the neighboringvillages, like a magnet attracted not onlyhandy men, but also different kinds ofconquerors. So natural landscapesfavorable for the life, particularly forestsand floodplains, at the same time turnedin rescuers, giving a shelter.

For a long time residents of Vinnytsiawere under the legal authority ofHalytsko-Volynski princes, but accordingto the facts, they did not want to obey toanybody. As a result of which theysuffered from the armed attacks. Afterthe Mongol-Tatar raids on Kievan Rusnothing changed in Vinnytsia andneighboring villages, because thisterritory was avoided by Asian hordes.Paradoxically, but those residents whochose to be engaged in farming (It isextremely significant that local populationsince olden times used ploughs with metalcultivator points and ploughshare for hardsoils), reacted very favorably to the arrivalof Lithuanian princes Koriatovych. Newlords of the land did not rob, but rathertogether with local residents defendedtheir own land and neighboring villagesfrom Tatar encroach-ments. Now it hasbeen archaeologically proved that at thattime Vinnytsia was known as the city-

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áóëà â³äîìà ÿê ì³ñòî-öåíòð ùå çà ñòîðîê³â äî ïðèõîäó ëèòîâö³â.Ç âòðàòîþâïëèâó ëèòîâñüêèõ êíÿç³â íà òåðè-òîð³þ, ì³ñòî çàçíàëî íèçêè ñïóñòîø-ëèâèõ íàá³ã³â òàòàð, ÿê³ â³äêîëîëèñÿâ³ä Çîëîòî¿ Îðäè ³ ïîñåëèëèñÿ âï³âí³÷íîìó Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’¿. ̳ñöåâåíàñåëåííÿ íå áóëî ãîòîâå äî òàêîãîðîçâèòêó ïîä³é. Ñàìå öå ïîñèëèëîâ³äò³ê ëþäíîñò³ ç ïîä³ëüñüêèõ çåìåëü.

Íà ïî÷àòêó ÕV ñòîë³òòÿ ó íàâêî-ëèøí³õ ñåëàõ ïî÷àëî çàðîäæóâàòèñÿêîçàöòâî. Ïîêè âîíî áóëî ñëàáêèì,íîâ³ çàãàðáíèêè – ïîëüñüêà øëÿõòà,

çàëiçíè÷íèé âîêçàërailway station

center a hundred years before the arrivalof Lithuanians. Since the Lithuanianprinces lost the influence of this territory,the city suffered a series of devastatingraids of the Tatars, who cut themselvesoff from the Golden Horde, and settledin the northern Black Sea region. Thelocal population was not prepared forsuch sequence of events. This factincreased the outflow of population fromPodillya lands.

At the beginning of ÕV century inthe neighboring villages the Cossacksbegan to emerge. While they were weak,

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ñòàâèëàñÿ äî íüîãî ïðèõèëüíî ³ íà-ìàãàëàñÿ ï³äïîðÿäêóâàòè.Àëå íà çà-âàä³ ñòàëè óêðà¿íñüê³ êíÿç³ ðîäó Îñò-ðîçüêèõ. Ìåòîþ êîçàöòâà áóâ àêòèâ-íèé îï³ð ñòåïîâèêàì ïîäàë³ â³ä ì³ñòà.Ñâ³ä÷åííÿì öüîãî º òå, ùî íàñåëåí-íÿ íå íàäàâàëî îñîáëèâîãî çíà÷åí-íÿ áóä³âíèöòâó ïîòóæíèõ ôîðòåöü,çäàòíèõ âèòðèìóâàòè çàòÿæí³ îáëî-ãè. ϳñëÿ êîæíîãî íàïàäó îðäèíö³îòðèìóâàëè íå ìåíø æîðñòîêóâ³äïîâ³äü.

Çîâñ³ì ³íøó êàðòèíó áà÷èìî âïåð³îä åêñïàíñ³¿ ïîëüñüêî¿ øëÿõòè íàÏîä³ëëÿ. Îñîáëèâ³ñòþ öüîãî ÷àñó ºòå, ùî óêðà¿íñüê³ êíÿç³ äîáðîâ³ëüíîâèçíàëè çâåðõí³ñòü êîðîëÿ. ßê íà-ñë³äîê øëÿõòà ïî÷àëà çàç³õàòè íàâ³êîâ³÷í³ âîëüíîñò³ ñåëÿíñòâà, à çãî-äîì âòðó÷àëàñÿ ³ ó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ðåì³ñ-íèê³â. Êîëè æ íîâà âëàäà çàìàõíó-ëàñÿ íà äóõîâí³ñòü, öå ïåðåðîñëî óïîâñòàííÿ.

Ïðèâîêçàëüíà ïëîùà Railway Station Square

new invaders – Polish gentry treatedthem favopurably and tried to subduethem. But Ukrainian princes Ostrogskiprevented it. The purpose of theCossacks was active resistance toinhabitants of steppe regions away fromthe city. Evidence of this is that thepopulation did not pay special attentionto building of strong fortresses that couldwithstand prolonged sieges. After eachattack the Horde received not less fierceresponse.

Quite a different picture we seeduring the expansion of the Polishgentry in Podillya. The special featureof this period is that Ukrainian princesvoluntarily recognized the supremacyof the king. As a result the gentry beganto encroach on the freedom of thepeasantry, and then interfered in theactivities of craftsmen. When newpower encroached on spirituality, itdeveloped into a rebellion.

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Õî÷à ó ³ííèö³ ä³ÿëà öèâ³ëüíà àä-ì³í³ñòðàö³ÿ òà ïåðåáóâàëà ïîòóæíàâ³éñüêîâà çàëîãà ïîëüñüêîãî â³éñüêà,ñþäè ïðè¿õàâ ëåãåíäàðíèé ÑåâåðèíÍàëèâàéêî. Ïîêîçà÷åí³ ñåëÿíè ³ç íà-âêîëèøí³õ ñ³ë ïîïîâíèëè éîãî çàã³í³ç íàì³ðîì çàïîá³ãòè íàâàë³ îðäèíö³â,â÷èíÿþ÷è ñì³ëèâ³ ïîõîäè àæ çà Äó-íàé òà Êàðïàòè.

Îäíà ³ç îñîáëèâîñòåé ì³ñòà, ÿêàìîæå ïðîëèòè ñâ³òëî íà âèíèêíåííÿíàçâè ïîëÿãຠâ òîìó, ùî â³ííè÷àíèçäàâíà ñëàâèëèñÿ âèðîáíèöòâîìì³öíèõ íàïî¿â. Çã³äíî ç àðõ³âíèìè

àåðîïîðòairport

Although a civil administrationfunctioned in Vinnytsia and there werepowerful military troops of Polish forces,legendary Severyn Nalyvayko arrivedthere. Cossacks-peasants from theneighboring villages joined hisdetachment with the intent to preventthe invasion of the Horde makingcampaigns over the Danube and theCarpathians.

One of the special features of thecity which can cast light on the originof the name is that residents ofVinnytsia have been famous for the

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äàíèìè â 1552 ðîö³ ó ³ííèö³ áóëî42 êîð÷ìè. Òîìó âèíîêóðíÿ ìàºï³äñòàâè ââàæàòèñÿ ïðè÷èíîþ âèíèê-íåííÿ íàçâè.

Çâàæàþ÷è íà äàâí³ñòü ïåðåáó-âàííÿ â ì³ñò³ ð³çíèõ àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíèõîäèíèöü, íåâàæêî çðîçóì³òè, ùî ïðè-âàáëþâàëî ç íàâêîëèøí³õ ñ³ëëþäí³ñòü –ìîæëèâ³ñòü ïðîäàòè âèðî-ùåíå ³ âèðîáëåíå. Òóò çäàâíà ïðà-öþâàëè âïðàâí³ øåâö³, çáðîÿð³, êî-âàë³ òà êðàâö³. Òîæ íå äèâíî, ùî

production of alcoholic beverages sinceold times. According to the archive datain 1552 there were 42 taverns inVinnytsia. Therefore, the winery hasgrounds to be considered the cause ofthe name origin.

Taking into consideration the longstanding of residence of variousadministrative units in the city, it is easyto understand what attractedpopulation from the neighboringvillages – a possibility to sell what theygrew and made. Skilled shoemakers,gunsmiths, blacksmiths and tailorsworked here long since. No wonder thatcitizens, in comparison with the ruralpopulation, were always richer.

After the Polish occupation theCatholics began to propagate theirbelief. In order not to allow to convertthe Ukrainians into Catholicism, in 1632the Metropolitan Petro Mohyla andBratslav assessor of district courtMykhaylo Kropyvnytskyi foundedOrthodox College at Ascension Abbey,which became a powerful spur toawakening of self-consciousness.However, in eight years, the King made??it close, but failed to eradicate the

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âóëèöÿ ÑîáîðíàSoborna street

ì³ñòÿíè, ïîð³âíÿíî ç ñ³ëüñüêèì íàñå-ëåííÿì, çàâæäè áóëè çàìîæí³øèìè.

²ç çàõîïëåííÿì ïîëÿêàìè ì³ñòàêàòîëèêè ïî÷àëè íàñàäæàòè ñâîþâ³ðó. Àáè íå äàòè ïîêàòîëè÷èòè óê-ðà¿íö³â,â 1632 ðîö³ ìèòðîïîëèò Ïåò-ðî Ìîãèëà òà áðàöëàâñüêèé ï³äñóäîêÌèõàéëî Êðîïèâíèöüêèé çàñíóâàëèïðè Âîçíåñåíñüêîìó ìîíàñòèð³ ïðà-âîñëàâíó êîëåã³þ, ÿêà ñòàëà ïîòóæ-íèì ïîøòîâõîì ïðîáóäæåííÿ ñàìî-

Ukrainian desire for education.Especially favourable for economicdevelopment was to give Vinnytsia thestatus of Magdeburg Law. Thishappened on May 30, 1640. Accordingto this privilege the city had the rightfor its emblem and seal. The first vogt,that is the Mayor, was ParfenOmelyanovych, who was elected by thesociety. The received freedom had a lotof positive. One of the most important

Ïðèì³ùåííÿ ³ííèöüêî¿ ì³ñüêî¿ ðàäèThe Building of Vinnytsia City Council

Öåíòðàëüíà ÷àñòèíà âóëèö³ ÑîáîðíàThe central part of the Soborna street

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ñâ³äîìîñò³. Ïðîòå çà â³ñ³ì ðîê³â êî-ðîëü äîì³ãñÿ ¿¿ çàêðèòòÿ, àëå âèêîð³-íèòè ïîòÿã óêðà¿íö³â äî îñâ³òè âæåíå âäàëîñÿ. Îñîáëèâî ñïðèÿòëèâèìäëÿ åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó áóëî íà-äàííÿ ³ííèö³ ñòàòóñó Ìàãäåáóðñüêî-ãî ïðàâà. Öå ñòàëîñÿ 30 òðàâíÿ 1640ðîêó. Çã³äíî öüîãî ïðèâ³ëåþ ì³ñòîìàëî ïðàâî íà ãåðá ³ ïå÷àòêó. Ïåð-øèì â³éòîì, òîáòî ì³ñüêèì ãîëîâîþ,ãðîìàäà îáðàëà Ïàðôåíà Îìåëÿíî-âè÷à. Îòðèìàí³ âîëüíîñò³ ìàëè áàãà-òî ïîçèòèâó. Îäíèì ³ç íàéâàæëèâ³øèõñòàëî òå, ùî âïðàâí³ ðåì³ñíèêè ç Êè¿-âùèíè ïî÷àëè ïåðåñåëÿòèñÿ äîâ³ëüíîãî ì³ñòà. Ó öåé æå ÷àñ òóò ð³çêîçá³ëüøèëàñÿ ºâðåéñüêà ãðîìàäà.

Îäíàê, çáàãà÷åííÿ ëþäíîñò³ âèê-ëèêàëî çàçäð³ñòü òîä³øíüî¿ âëàäè,ÿêà ïîñèëèëà åêñïëóàòàö³þ é áåç-ï³äñòàâíî çá³ëüøóâàëà ïîäàòêè. Âîä-íî÷àñ ðåì³ñíèêè òà êîçàêè íåîäíî-ðàçîâî ãèíóëè ï³ä ñòÿãàìè òîãî ÷è³íøîãî êîðîëÿ. Òàê ³ñêðà íåñïðàâåä-ëèâîñò³ ïîòðàïèëà íà áëàãîäàòíèéãðóíò Âèçâîëüíî¿ â³éíè ï³ä ïðîâîäîìÁîãäàíà Õìåëüíèöüêîãî.

Íà òîé ÷àñ ìåøêàíö³ ³ííèö³ òàíàâêîëèøí³õ ñ³ë äîñëóõàëèñÿ äî çàê-ëèêó ïîëêîâíèêà Ìàêñèìà Êðèâîíî-ñà ïðî âèçâîëåííÿ â³ä ïîëüñüêîãîÿðìà é íå ïðîñòî âëèëèñÿ ó éîãîçàã³í, à íåùàäíî êàðàëè çäèðíèê³â.Ïî éîãî ñìåðò³ òåðèòîð³ÿ â³ä³éøëà äîÊàëüíèöüêîãî ïîëêó, ÿêèé î÷îëþâàâëåãåíäàðíèé ²âàí Áîãóí. Ïðî íüîãîö³ëêîì âèïðàâäàíî ïèøóòü êíèãè, áî²âàí Áîãóí ïî-ïðàâó ââàæàºòüñÿ íàé-âèäàòí³øèì êîçàöüêèì ïîëêîâíèêîìóñ³õ ÷àñ³â. Íàâ³òü íåïðèìèðåíí³ âî-ðîãè – ïîëÿêè ïèñàëè ïðî â³äâàæíî-ãî ïîëêîâíèêà: «...³í áóâ ñèëüíèé ³õèòðèé ...ïðîñëàâèâñÿ íåâòîìí³ñòþ ³øâèäê³ñòþ ä³é». Çãîäîì, çâàæàþ÷è íàñòðàòåã³÷íó âàæëèâ³ñòü òåðèòîð³¿,ïîëêîâèé îñ³äîê ³ç Êàëüíèêà ïåðåíå-ñåíî ó ³ííèöþ, ùî ñïðèÿëî ðîçâèò-

thing was that the skilled craftsmenfrom Kyiv region began to migrate to afree city. At the same time, Jewishcommunity increased sharply.

However, enrichment of populationcaused the envy of then power, whichstrengthened the exploitation andincreased taxes without any grounds.At the same time, craftsmen andCossacks were repeatedly killed underthe banners of one or other king. Suchspark of injustice got to the fertileground of the Liberation War undercommand of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi.

By that time citizens of Vinnytsiaand neighboring villages listened to theappeal of Colonel Maksym Kryvonosabout the liberation from the Polishoppression and not just joined hisdetachment, but mercilessly punishedextortionists. After his death theterritory was ceded to Kalnytskyiregiment, who was headed bylegendary Ivan Bohun. Books arewritten abut him justifiably, becauseIvan Bohun by all rights is consideredto be the most prominent Cossackcolonel of all times. Even implacableenemies – the Poles wrote about thebrave colonel: «... He was strong andcunning ... is famous for tirelessnessand speed of action.» Subsequently,taking into account the strategicimportance of the territory, theregimental center was moved fromKalnyk to Vinnytsia, which contributedto the development of the city andneighboring villages. In Yakushyntsiand Voronovytsia there were Cossacksquadrons (sotnia) for a long time,which included residents from theneighboring villages. Especiallyheroically approved themselvesCossacks and peasants who lived inpresent Khmelnytskyi way. In thespring of 1651, when Ivan Bohun wasrepulsing enemy attacks in Vinnytsia,

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êó ì³ñòà ³ íàâêîëèøí³õ ñ³ë. Ó ßêóøèí-öÿõ òà Âîðîíîâèö³ ïðîòÿãîì òðèâà-ëîãî ÷àñó ³ñíóâàëè êîçàöüê³ ñîòí³,êóäè âõîäèëè ìåøêàíö³ ç íàâêî-ëèøí³õ ïîñåëåíü. Îñîáëèâî ãåðî¿÷-íî ïîêàçàëè ñåáå êîçàêè òà ñåëÿíè,ùî ìåøêàëè íà òåïåð³øíüîìó õìåëü-íèöüêîìó øëÿõó. Íàâåñí³ 1651 ðîêó,êîëè ²âàí Áîãóí â³äáèâàâ àòàêè âî-ðîãà ó ³ííèö³, ÿêðàç âîíè âäàðèëèïî àâàíãàðäó êîðîë³âñüêîãî â³éñüêàïîáëèçó ßêóøèíåöü ³ âùåíò ðîçãðî-ìèëè éîãî.

Ó ÷àñ Âèçâîëüíî¿ â³éíè ÷åðåçì³ñòî íåîäíîðàçîâî ïðî¿æäæàâ Áîã-äàí Õìåëüíèöüêèé. Òóò ÷àñòî áóâà-ëè ïîëêîâíèêè: Äàíèëî Íå÷àé, ²âàíÁîãóí, Ìèõàéëî Çåëåíñüêèé, ÎñòàïÃîãîëü, ãåíåðàëüíèé ïèñàð ²âàí Âè-ãîâñüêèé ³ áàãàòî ³íøèõ ä³ÿ÷³â.

Çäàâàëîñÿ, ùî òàêà âèìð³ÿíà ñâî-áîäà çäîáóòà ³ ñåëÿíè çìîæóòü çàé-íÿòèñÿ çâè÷íîþ ñïðàâîþ, òà âèÿâè-ëîñÿ, ùî öå äàëåêî íå òàê. Ó ñåðå-äèí³ ÕV²² ñòîë³òòÿ çíîâó çàâèðóâàëàâ³éíà. Öüîãî ðàçó íå âèçâîëüíà, àãðîìàäÿíñüêà. Öåé ïåð³îä â³äîìèé â³ñòî𳿠ÿê Ðó¿íà. Ñàìå òîä³ â³äáóëîñÿðîç’ºäíàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñï³ëüíîòè.Òîãî÷àñíà ðóø³éíà ñèëà – êîçàêè òàïîêîçà÷åí³ ñåëÿíè, ï³ä ïðîâîäîìð³çíèõ î÷³ëüíèê³â, âèáîðþâàëè ñâîþÓêðà¿íó. Îäí³ õîò³ëè âàñàëüíî¿ çàëåæ-íîñò³ â³ä îñìàíñüêî¿ Ïîðòè, ³íø³ –ïðàãíóëè ïîâåðíóòèñÿ ï³ä çâåðõí³ñòüêîðîëÿ. Ñïðîáè ïîëêîâíèêà ÂàñèëÿÄðîçäåíêà çãóðòóâàòè ëþäí³ñòü çàê³í-÷èëèñÿ òðàã³÷íî, ³ Ïîä³ëëÿ, â òîìó÷èñë³ ì³ñòî, ñòàëî àðåíîþ êðîâîïðî-ëèòíèõ çáðîéíèõ ñóòè÷îê, ÷àñ â³ä÷àñó ïåðåõîäÿ÷è òî äî êîçàöüêî-òó-ðåöüêîãî ãåòüìàíà, òî äî êîçàöüêî-ïîëüñüêîãî.

Ïåâíå ïîëåãøåííÿ ³ ñïîê³é íàñòà-ëè ç îáðàííÿì íà ïîëüñüêèé ïðåñòîëßíà Ñîáåñüêîãî. Íîâèé, ÿê éîãî íà-çèâàëè ñó÷àñíèêè, êîçàöüêèé êîðîëü

they just hit the vanguard of the royaltroops near Yakushyntsi and utterlydefeated them.

At the time of the Liberation WarBohdan Khmelnytskyi passed throughthe city repeatedly. Such colonels asDanylo Nechay, Ivan Bohun, MykhayloZelenskyi, Ostap Gogol, general clerkIvan Vyhovskyi and many otherpersonalities often visited the city.

It seemed that that freedom wasobtained and peasants could do theirusual things, but it turned out that itwas not true. In the middle of ÕV²²century the war exploded again. Thistime, not liberation but civil war. Thisperiod is known in history as the Ruin.The disconnection of the Ukrainiancommunity occurred then. Driving forceof that time – the Cossacks andpeasants which joined Cossacks, undercommand of various leaders, fought fortheir Ukraine. Some wanted vassaldependence from Ottoman Porte,others longed to return under thesupremacy of the king. Attempts ofColonel Vasyl Drozdenko to unitehumanity ended tragically, and Podillya,including the city, was the scene ofbloody armed conflicts, from time totime moving to the Cossack-Turkishhetman, then to the Cossack-Polishhetman.

Some relief and peace came afterthe election of Jan Sobieski to the Polishthrone. The new, as he was called bycontemporaries, Cossack King did nothide his Ukrainian roots and sympathyfor the courageous people. He wasperhaps the only politician of the MiddleAges who understood that Poland, as astate, was impossible without Cossackcourage. Therefore, with a greatdifficulty overcoming resistance ofmagnates he issued Universal (legalact) on the equalization of the rights ofthe Polish and Ukrainian people. That

Ïðèì³ùåííÿ îáëäåðæàäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ ³ îáëàñíî¿ ðàäè íà âóëèö³ ÑîáîðíàRegional state administration and Regional council in Soborna street

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ìiñüêà íàáåðåæíà «Ðîøåí»municipal quay "Roshen"

íå ïðèõîâóâàâ ñâîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãîêîð³ííÿ òà ñèìïàò³é äî ñì³ëèâîãîëþäó. ³í ÷è íå ºäèíèé ïîë³òèê ñå-ðåäí³õ â³ê³â ðîçóì³â, ùî Ïîëüùà, ÿêäåðæàâà, áåç êîçàöüêî¿ â³äâàãè íå-ìîæëèâà. Òîìó, âàæêî äîëàþ÷è îï³ðìàãíàò³â, âèäàâ óí³âåðñàë ïðîçð³âíÿííÿ â ïðàâàõ ïîëÿê³â òà óê-ðà¿íö³â. Öå âèêëèêàëî åêîíîì³÷íåïîæâàâëåííÿ ³ ñòàëî êðîêîì äî ðîç-

caused economic revival and becamea step to the flourishing of towns wherebeginnings of industry began to arise.When the lands after the Ottoman staybecame depopulated and weretransferred under the authority of theHero of Vienna defense Colonel AndriyAbazin, he started to populate thoselands. Head of the region encouragedto move not only ethnic Ukrainian, but

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êâ³òó ì³ñòå÷îê, äå çàðîäæóâàëèñÿ ïà-ðîñòêè ïðîìèñëîâîñò³. Êîëè æ çåìë³,ÿê³ ï³ñëÿ îñìàíñüêîãî ïåðåáóâàííÿçíåëþäí³ëè ³ áóëè ïåðåäàí³ â ï³äïî-ðÿäêóâàííÿ ãåðîþ îáîðîíè ³äíÿïîëêîâíèêó Àíäð³þ Àáàçèíó,â³íâçÿâñÿ çà ¿õíº çàñåëåííÿ.Î÷³ëüíèêêðàþ çàîõî÷óâàâ äî ïåðå¿çäó íåò³ëüêè åòí³÷íèõ óêðà¿íö³â, à é íàäà-âàâ ïðàâî áóòè â³ëüíîþ ëþäèíîþâñ³ì, õòî ïîãîäæóâàâñÿ âèçíàâàòèçâè÷àºâå ïðàâî. Äîñèòü øâèäêî íàïîëÿõ çíîâó ç’ÿâèëèñÿ ñåëÿíè, à âì³ñòàõ ðåì³ñíèêè. Íàñòóïíèé óí³âåð-ñàë ïðî íåñòÿãóâàííÿ ïðîòÿãîì ï’ÿò-íàäöÿòè ðîê³â ïîäàòêó äîäàâ åíåð㳿,é æèòòÿ çàâèðóâàëî, àëå íå íà äîâ-ãî. dz ñìåðòþ ßíà Ñîáåñüêîãî íàä³ÿíà ìèð ³ ñïîê³é óðâàëàñÿ. Ïîëêîâíè-êè Ñåìåí Ïàë³é, Ñàì³éëî Ñàìóñü òàÀíäð³é Àáàçèí äî îñòàííüîãî ñïîä³-âàëèñÿ íà êîíñîë³äàö³þ äâîõ íàðîä³âòà äîòðèìàííÿ íîâîîáðàíèì êîðîëåìäîìîâëåíîñòåé, ïðîòå ³íòðèãè, íåáà-æàííÿ ïîâàæàòè çàêîí òà ãàðàíò³¿

gave the right be a free man toeveryone who agreed to recognize thecustomary law. Pretty soon peasantsreappeared in the fields and craftsmenappeared in the towns. The nextUniversal about uncollection of taxesfor fifteen years added energy, and lifewas in full swing, but not for a longtime. After the death of John Sobieskihope for peace and quiet life wasbroken. Colonels Semen Paliy, SamiyloSamus and Andriy Abazin hoped to thebitter end for the consolidation of twonations and observance of agreementsby the newly elected king, but intrigues,unwillingness to obey the law andguarantees of predecessor cancelled allagreements. The long-awaited hope forpeaceful coexistence disappeared withthe dissolution of the regiments.Instead, a senseless war started thatin the first place delivered blows to thesuburban villages. The armed menattacked again brother to brother.Some supported actions of Sobieski,

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Âå÷³ðíÿ ì³ñüêà íàáåðåæíà «Ðîøåí»Evening Municipal Quay "Roshen"

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ñâiòëîìóçè÷íèé ôîíòàí «Ðîøåí»light and music fountain "Roshen"

ïîïåðåäíèêà ïåðåêðåñëèëè äîìîâëå-íîñò³. Äîâãîî÷³êóâàíå ñïîä³âàííÿ íàìèðíå ñï³âæèòòÿ çíèêëî ðàçîì ³ç ðîç-ïóñêîì ïîëê³â. Íàòîì³ñòü ðîçïî÷àëà-ñÿ áåçãëóçäà â³éíà, ÿêà çàâäàëà óäà-ðó â ïåðøó ÷åðãó ïî ïðèì³ñüêèõ ñå-ëàõ. Îçáðîºí³ ÷îëîâ³êè çíîâó ï³øëèáðàò íà áðàòà. Îäí³ çàëèøèëèñÿ ïðè-õèëüíèêàìè ñïðàâè Ñîáåñüêîãî, ³íø³– ïðîòè. ijéøëî äî òîãî, ùî êîçàêèòà ñåëÿíè âîðîíîâèöüêî¿ ñîòí³ï³äòðèìàëè êîðîëÿ Àâãóñòà ³ âèñòó-ïèëè ïðîòè â³ííèöüêèõ êîçàê³âÀ.Àáàçèíà, ÿêèé ïðàãíóâ äîòðèìóâà-òèñÿ ðàí³øå çàòâåðäæåíèõ óí³âåð-

others were against. It reached thatpoint that the Cossacks and peasantsof Voronovytsia sotnia supported theKing Augustus and opposed againstVinnytsia Cossacks of A. Abazin, whowanted to adhere to previouslyapproved Universals. The result was aterrible massacre in the valley of riverVoronka.

Temporary victory of yesterday’sallies and cooperation with Moscow armywas a precipice with expectedconsequences. Once Cossack resistancewas overcome, new owners of estates,after twenty years of peace, began using

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Ó ì. ³ííèöÿ íà ð. ϳâäåííèé Áóã â³ííè÷àí òà ãîñòåé ì³ñòàçà÷àðîâóº íàéá³ëüøèé ó ªâðîï³ ð³÷êîâèé ñâ³òëîìóçè÷íèé ôîíòàí «Ðîøåí»

In Vinnytsia city on the river Pivdennyi Buh citizens of Vinnytsia city and itsquest charms Europe's largest river light and music fountain "Roshen"

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âå÷³ðíÿevening

ñàë³â. Ðåçóëüòàòîì öüîãî ñòàëà æàõ-ëèâà ð³çàíèíà â äîëèí³ ð³÷å÷êè Âî-ðîíêè.

Òèì÷àñîâà ïåðåìîãà â÷îðàøí³õñîþçíèê³â ³ ñï³âïðàöÿ ç ìîñêîâñüêèìâ³éñüêîì âèÿâèëàñÿ ï³ðîâîþ ç î÷³êó-âàíèìè íàñë³äêàìè. ßê ò³ëüêè êîçàöü-êèé îï³ð áóëî ïîäîëàíî, íîâ³ âëàñ-íèêè ìàºòíîñòåé, ï³ñëÿ äâàäöÿòèðîê³â ñïîêîþ, ïî÷àëè ðóêàìè ïðåä-ñòàâíèê³â ºâðåéñüêî¿ ãðîìàäè íåùàä-íî âèçèñêóâàòè ì³ñöåâå íàñåëåííÿ.ijéøëî äî òîãî, ùî ïîëÿêè ïåðåäà-âàëè ¿ì â îðåíäó ïðàâîñëàâí³ õðàìè.Ñêîðèñòàâñÿ ñèòóàö³ºþ, íàéçàãàäêî-â³øèé ç óñ³õ ïîâñòàíö³â,êîëèøí³é çà-ïîð³çüêèé ñîòíèê Âåðëàí. Ñàìå â³íï³äíÿâ ìàñîâå ïîâñòàííÿ, ôîðìóþ÷èïîâñòàíñüêó àðì³þ çà êîçàöüêèìïðèíöèïîì òà àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíèì óñò-ðîºì. Íàïåðåäîäí³ çðóøåííÿ Âåðëàííåîäíîðàçîâî áóâàâ ó ñåëàõ íàâêî-ëî ³ííèö³, çàîõî÷óþ÷è ÷îëîâ³ê³â äîâ³éñüêà ï³ä ñòÿã îòàìàíà Ãðèâè. Äî-ñèòü øâèäêî çàïàëàëè ìàºòêè é ïî-òåêëà êðîâ. Òàê íàðîäèëàñÿ Ãàéäà-ìà÷÷èíà. Àïîãåºì ïîâñòàííÿ ñòàâøòóðì ïîëüñüêîãî êëÿøòîðó ó³ííèö³ òà ð³çàíèíà ºâðå¿â. Çàñïî-êî¿âñÿ êðàé ÷åðåç äåñÿòèë³òòÿ ï³ñëÿÊî볿âùèíè.

ʳíåöü ÕV²² ñòîë³òòÿ îçíàìåíó-âàâñÿ òèì, ùî ðîñ³éñüêà âëàäà, çà-

hands of the representatives of Jewishcommunity to exploit mercilessly thelocal population. It came to the pointthat the Poles rented Orthodox churchesout for them. The most mysterious ofall rebels, former captain Zaporizkyisotnik Verlan took advantage of thesituation. He stirred up a massiverebellion by forming a rebel armyaccording to Cossack principles andadministrative system. Days before therebellion Verlan repeatedly visited thevillages around Vinnytsia, encouragingmen to join the troops under the bannerof hetman Gryva. Pretty soon estateswere burned and blood began to flow.Thus haidamachchyna was born. Theapogee was the storming of the PolishMonastery in Vinnytsia and massacre ofthe Jews. Peace came to those lands indecades after Koliivshchyna.

The end of ÕV²² century wasmarked by the fact that the Russianpower, having occupied Pravoberezhya,took away lands that still belonged tofree peasants or Cossacks.

By mid-Õ²Õ century Vinnytsiasuffered considerable human losses,and was not distinguished from othercities in the region. The sameundevelopment, poverty and completeilliteracy. Later, when the WesternEurope started to wake up, tsarist

Æèòëîâèé ì³êðîðàéîí «Ïîä³ëëÿ» –îäèí ç íàéêðàñèâ³øèé ó ³ííèö³Housing estate "Podillya" - one of themost beautiful in the Vinnytsia

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õîïèâøè Ïðàâîáåðåææÿ, â³äáèðàëàçåìë³, ÿê³ äîñ³ íàëåæàëè â³ëüíèì ñå-ëÿíàì ÷è êîçàêàì.

Äî ñåðåäèíè Õ²Õ ñòîë³òòÿ ³ííè-öÿ, çàçíàâøè ÷èìàëèõ ëþäñüêèõâòðàò, íå âèð³çíÿëàñÿ ç-ïîì³æ ³íøèõì³ñò êðàþ. Òà æ â³äñòàë³ñòü, á³äí³ñòü ³ö³ëêîâèòà íåãðàìîòí³ñòü. Çãîäîì,êîëè ïî÷àëà ïðîêèäàòèñÿ Çàõ³äíàªâðîïà, öàðñüêèé ðåæèì âèð³øèââäàòèñÿ äî âèïåðåäæóâàëüíèõ ä³é.Ïîâîë³ ïî÷àëè â³äêðèâàòèñÿ øêîëè òàë³êàðí³. Ó öåé æå ÷àñ äåÿê³ ïîì³ùèêèðîçóì³ëè, ùî òàê äîâãî íå ìîæå òðè-âàòè, é â îêðåìèõ ïèòàííÿõ éøëèíàçóñòð³÷, ñïðèÿþ÷è ðîçâèòêó ïðî-ìèñëîâîñò³, âèõîäÿ÷è ³ç âëàñíî¿ áåç-ïåêè òà ïðèìíîæåííÿ áàãàòñòâà. Îä-íàê ïåðåñ³÷íèé ãðîìàäÿíèí íå ì³ãñêîðèñòàòèñÿ öèì «áëàãîì». Ó ö³ æðîêè â ì³ñò³ ðîçïî÷àâñÿ ïðîöåñ, ùîäîêîð³ííî çì³íèâ âèãëÿä ïðîâ³íö³éíî-ãî ì³ñòà – áóä³âíèöòâî öåãåëüíèõ áó-äèíê³â. Äëÿ âèïàëþâàííÿ öåãëè íà-âêîëî ïî÷àëè ìàñîâî âèðóáóâàòèë³ñè.

 1814 ðîö³ ó ³ííèö³ â³äêðèòî

regime decided to take anticipatoryactions. Schools and hospitals beganto open slowly. At the same time, somelandlords understood that this could notlast long, and in some issues madeadvances, contributing to thedevelopment of industry, in terms oftheir own security and wealth increase.

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ïåðøó ã³ìíàç³þ, äå â îñíîâíîìó íà-â÷àëèñÿ êàòîëèêè. Ç ðîêàìè ê³ëüê³ñòüóêðà¿íö³â-ã³ìíàçèñò³â, ÿê ³ âèêëà-äà÷³â, ïî÷àëà çðîñòàòè. Êåð³âíèöòâîäåäàë³ ÷àñò³øå çàïðîøóâàëî íà âèê-ëàäàöüêó ðîáîòó âèïóñêíèê³â Êè¿âñü-êîãî òà Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåò³â.²ñíóâàëè é ³íø³ ïðèâàòí³ ïàíñ³îíè.

However, an ordinary citizen could usethis «benefit.» During those years, inthe city there was a process, whichradically changed the appearance of aprovincial city – building of brickhouses. Forests were cut overmassively around for firing bricks.

In 1814 the first gymnasium wasopened in Vinnytsia, where mostlyCatholics studied. Over the years, thenumber of Ukrainian-school students aswell as teachers began to grow.Management with ever increasingfrequency invited graduates from Kyivand Kharkiv Universities to teachstudents. There were other privateboarding schools.

After the defeat of the Polishrebellion the influence of Catholics onreligious and social life dramaticallydecreased. However, the vacant nichewas not captured by Ukrainians,because at that time they were stillintellectually exhausted. Jews tookfront positions, which almostmonopolized trade and small-commodity production.

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Íàö³îíàëüíèé ìóçåé-ñàäèáà Ì. ². ÏèðîãîâàM. I. Pyrogov National memorial estate

ϳñëÿ ïîðàçêè ïîëüñüêîãî ïîâñòàí-íÿ âïëèâ êàòîëèê³â íà ðåë³ã³éíî-ãðî-ìàäñüêå æèòòÿ ð³çêî çìåíøèâñÿ. Ïðî-òå â³ëüíó í³øó íå çàõîïèëè óêðà¿íö³,áî íà òîé ÷àñ âîíè, â ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî-ìó ïëàí³, áóëè ùå äîñèòü çíåêðîâëåí³.Íà ïåðøèé ïëàí âèõîäÿòü ºâðå¿, ÿê³ïðàêòè÷íî ìîíîïîë³çóâàëè òîðã³âëþ òàäð³áíî-òîâàðíå âèðîáíèöòâî.

...For more than a centuryVinnytsia is known thanks to surgeonMykola Pyrogov. After the Crimean Wara genius of medicine purchased a smallvillage of Sheremetka. There he spentthe last fifteen years of his life andprovided medical assistance toeverybody who needed it, he did nottake money from the poor, and

Áóäèíîê ðîäèíè Ïèðîãîâèõ House of the Pyrogovs

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Öåðêâà-óñèïàëüíèöÿ Ì. ². Ïèðîãîâà M. I. Pyrogov’s church-burial-vault

Òóò ïîêî¿òüñÿ íàáàëüçàìîâàíå ò³ëî Ì. ². ÏèðîãîâàHere lies the embalmed body M. I. Pirogov

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...Îñü óæå ïîíàä ñòîë³òòÿ ³ííè-öþ çíàþòü çàâäÿêè õ³ðóðãà ÌèêîëèÏèðîãîâà. ϳñëÿ Êðèìñüêî¿ â³éíèãåí³é ìåäèöèíè ïðèäáàâ íåâåëè÷êåñåëî Øåðåìåòêó. Òóò â³í ïðîæèâ îñ-òàíí³õ ï’ÿòíàäöÿòü ðîê³â ñâîãî æèòòÿ³ íàäàâàâ ìåäè÷íó äîïîìîãó âñ³ì ïî-òðåáóþ÷èì, ç á³äíèõ íå áðàâ ïëàòè,çà âëàñíèé êîøò óòðèìóâàâ øêîëó.Ðàçîì ³ç âåëèêîþ ãðîìàäñüêîþ ðîáî-òîþ íå ïðèïèíÿâ çàéìàòèñÿ îðãàí³-çàö³ºþ ìåäèöèíè. Ì. Ïèðîãîâ çàñíó-âàâ ó ³ííèö³ ë³êàðíþ äëÿ äóøåâíî-õâîðèõ, ÿêà íèí³ íîñèòü ³ì’ÿ àêàäåì-³êà Î. Þùåíêà. Çàðàç íà òåðèòî𳿠ïî-ì³ñòÿ â÷åíîãî – íàéâ³äâ³äóâàí³øèéìóçåé, äå çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ ò³ëî õ³ðóðãà,çàáàëüçàìîâàíå ïðîôåñîðîì Ä. Âè-âîäöåâèì.

Ç ëåãêî¿ ðóêè Ì. Ïèðîãîâà ó³ííèö³ àêòèâíî ðîçïî÷àâñÿ ðîçâèòîêìåäèöèíè. Éîãî ñïðàâó ïðîäîâæèëè³íø³ òàëàíîâèò³ ë³êàð³. Íà ïî÷àòêóìèíóëîãî ñòîë³òòÿ ãðàô Ãåéäåí âèñ-òóïèâ ç ³í³ö³àòèâîþ ñòâîðåííÿ ë³êó-âàëüíîãî çàêëàäó, ÿêèé áè íîñèâ ³ì’ÿÏèðîãîâà. Ïåðøèì ãîëîâíèì ë³êàðåìñòàâ Ë. Ìàëèíîâñüêèé.

 ñåðåäèí³ Õ²Õ ñòîë³òòÿ ó ³ííèö³íàðîäèâñÿ ìàéáóòí³é êëàñèê óêðà¿í-ñüêî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè Ìèõàéëî Êîöþ-áèíñüêèé. Íèí³ ó áàòüê³âñüê³é îñåë³ñòâîðåíî ìóçåé ïèñüìåííèêà, à éîãî

ïëîùà Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêàarea of Taras Shevchenko

maintained school at his own expense.Together with the great social work hedid not stop to be busy with theorganization of medicine. M. Pyrogovfounded in Vinnytsia a mental hospital,which now bears the name ofacademician O. Yushchenko. Now onthe territory of scientist’s estate thereis the most visited museum, whichkeeps the body of the surgeon,embalmed by Professor D. Vyvodtsev.

Thanks to Pyrogov’s ability, thedevelopment of medicine startedactively in Vinnytsia. His work wascontinued by other talented doctors.

At the beginning of the last century,Count Geiden took the initia-tive toestablish health-care facility that wouldbe named after Pyrogov. The first ChiefDoctor was L. Malynovskyi.

Future classic of the Ukrainianliterature Mykhaylo Kotsyubynskyi wasborn in the mid-Õ²Õ century inVinnytsia. At present time the writer’smuseum is located in his father’s house,and Vinnytsia State PedagogicalUniversity is named after him.

Industrial explosion for thedevelopment of Vinnytsia was railroadconstruction. Its construction involvedthousands of landless peasants, wholater became workers. That is how thefirst social stratum of the proletariat

Ïàì’ÿòíèê-êîìïîçèö³ÿ Òàðàñó Øåâ÷åíêóíà ïëîù³ ³ìåí³ ïîåòà

Monument-compositionto Taras Shevchenko

Ïëîùà Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêà. ³ííèöüê³ îáëàñí³ êðàºçíàâ÷èé òà õóäîæí³é ìóçå¿Area Taras Shevchenko. Vinnytsia regional natural history and art museums

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³ì’ÿ íîñèòü ³ííèöüêèé äåðæàâíèéïåäàãîã³÷íèé óí³âåðñèòåò.

Ïðîìèñëîâèì âèáóõîì äëÿ ðîç-âèòêó ³ííèö³ ñòàëî ïðîêëàäàííÿ çà-ë³çíèö³. Íà ¿¿ áóä³âíèöòâî áóëî çàëó-÷åíî òèñÿ÷³ áåççåìåëüíèõ ñåëÿí, ÿê³çãîäîì ñòàëè ðîá³òíèêàìè. Òàê óòâî-ðèâñÿ ïåðøèé ñîö³àëüíèé ïðîøàðîêïðîëåòàð³àòó, ÿêîìó âèïàëî â³ä³ãðà-òè îñîáëèâó ðîëü â ìàéáóòíüîìó.

Ó öüîìó êîíòåêñò³ ñë³ä ñêàçàòèïðî ì³ñòå÷êî-ñóïóòíèê ³ííèö³ – Âî-ðîíîâèöþ. Íà òîé ÷àñ âîíî äîñÿãëîçíà÷íîãî ðîçêâ³òó. ßêðàç ñþäè, äî ðî-äè÷³â, ïîëþáëÿâ ïðè¿çäèòè ìîðñüêèéîô³öåð Îëåêñàíäð Ìîæàéñüêèé. Òóòâ³í âïåðøå çä³éñíèâ âèïðîáîâóâàí-íÿ ïëàíåðà. Íèí³ â ñåëèù³ 䳺 ìóçåéàâ³àö³¿ òà êîñìîíàâòèêè. Çãîäîì ó Âî-ðîíîâèö³, ïåâíèé ÷àñ, æèâ ³ òâîðèâìàéáóòí³é âèäàòíèé äðàìàòóðã – Ìè-õàéëî Ñòàðèöüêèé. Ç áóä³âíèöòâîìîäíîãî ³ç ïåðøèõ öóêðîçàâîä³â æèò-òÿ â ñåëàõ íàâêîëî Âîðîíîâèö³ çàâè-ðóâàëî. Âëàñíèêè íàâêîëèøí³õ çå-ìåëü, îñîáëèâî ð³ä Ãðîõîëüñüêèõ òàÙåíüîâñüêèõ ðîçóì³ëè, ùî áåç âêëà-äàííÿ êîøò³â ó ñòâîðåííÿ ñîö³àëüíî¿ñôåðè í³÷îãî ñïîä³âàòèñÿ íà çðîñòàí-íÿ íàäõîäæåíü. Òîìó, âèõîäÿ÷è ³çâëàñíèõ ³íòåðåñ³â, ìàãíàòè â³äêðèâà-ëè ë³êàðí³ òà øêîëè.

Ïî÷àòîê äâàäöÿòîãî ñòîë³òòÿ îç-íàìåíóâàâñÿ îñîáëèâî áóðõëèâèìðîçâèòêîì ì³ñòà. Áåç ïåðåá³ëüøåííÿìîæíà ñêàçàòè, ùî öå çàñëóãà ì³ñüêî-ãî ãîëîâè Ì. Îâîäîâà. Çà ðîêè éîãîêåðóâàííÿ (1899-1917) ³ííèöÿ íå-âï³çíàííî çì³íèëàñÿ.  ò³ æ ðîêè ðîç-ïî÷àâ ä³ÿëüí³ñòü àðõ³òåêòîð Ã. Àðòè-íîâ. Ñïðîåêòîâàí³ çîä÷èì áóä³âë³ éäîñ³ ïðèêðàøàþòü öåíòðàëüíó ÷àñòè-íó ì³ñòà. òîä³ æ ñòàëè ïðîêëàäàòè âî-äîãîíè òà âîäîâ³äâåäåííÿ, ç’ÿâèëè-ñÿ åëåêòðèêà, òðàìâàéí³ êî볿, äîíèí³ðàäóþòü îêî ñõîäè íà Êóìáàðàõ, çáó-äîâàíî òåàòð, ãîòåëü «Ñàâîé», ïðè-

was formed, which happened to play aspecial role in the future.

In this context, it should bementioned about the town-companionof Vinnytsia – Voronovytsia. By thattime it reached a great prosperity. Navalofficer Oleksandr Mozhayskyi liked tocome there to visit his relatives. Therehe tested a sailplane for the first time.At present time the village has Air andSpace Museum. Later the futureoutstanding playwright – MykhayloStarytskyi lived and worked inVoronovytsia for some time. After theconstruction of one of the first sugarplants the life in the villages aroundVoronovytsia became more active.Owners of neighboring lands, especiallythe Grokholski and Shchenyovdkirealized that without makinginvestments in the creation of socialsphere they should not hold out muchhope to increase revenue. Therefore,based on their interests, magnatesopened hospitals and schools.

The beginning of the twentiethcentury was marked by especially rapiddevelopment of the city. No exaggerationto say that it was a merit of City MayorM. Ovodov. For the years of hismanagement (1899-1917) Vinnytsiachanged itself beyond recognition.During the same years architect M.Artynov began its activity. Buildingsdesigned by the architect still adorn thecentral part of the city. Then water pipesand drainage systems, electricity,tramways appeared, stairs to Kumbaryare still pleasant to the eye, theater, hotel«Savoy», buildings of the City Counciland library were built, main street wascovered with paving blocks,superphosphate plant started working.Across the river, instead of the ferry, theiron bridge was built, the phone beganto work, pedagogical institute started itsactivity, military barracks were built and

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ì³ùåííÿ ì³ñüêî¿ äóìè òà á³áë³îòåêè,çàáðóêîâàíî öåíòðàëüíó âóëèöþ,çàïðàöþâàâ ñóïåðôîñôàòíèé çàâîä.×åðåç ð³÷êó, çàì³ñòü ïîðîìà, ïðîêëà-äåíî çàë³çíèé ì³ñò, çàïðàöþâàâ òå-ëåôîí, ïî÷àâ ä³ÿòè ó÷èòåëüñüêèé³íñòèòóò, çáóäîâàíî â³éñüêîâ³ êàçàð-ìè ³ áàãàòî ³íøîãî ç’ÿâëÿëîñÿ áóê-âàëüíî íà î÷àõ, ïåðåòâîðþþ÷è ïðî-â³íö³éíå ì³ñòå÷êî íà îñåðåäîê êóëü-òóðè, êóäè ïðè¿çäèëè ³ çóïèíÿëèñÿâ³äîì³ ëþäè.

Ïåðøà ñâ³òîâà â³éíà áîëÿ÷å âäà-ðèëà ïî âñüîìó. ßê íàñë³äîê âïàëàïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü âèðîáíèöòâà. Ùåá³ëüøèé äèñáàëàíñ ïðèíåñëè ðåâî-ëþö³éí³ ïî䳿. ßê ³ 250 ðîê³â òîìó ñóñ-ï³ëüñòâî ðîçêîëîëîñÿ íà äâà âîðîæèõòàáîðè. Ñîëäàòè, ç³ çáðîºþ â ðóêàõ,ïîïîâíèëè ðÿäè âîðîãóþ÷èõ ñòîð³í.Ùå â÷îðà çàòèøíå ì³ñòî ïåðåòâîðè-ëîñÿ íà â³éñüêîâå óãðóïóâàííÿ, ìå-äè÷í³ çàêëàäè ïðèéìàëè ïîðàíåíèõ.Ñë³ä â³ääàòè íàëåæíå ì³ñöåâ³é ³íòåë³-ãåíö³¿, ÿêà íàñë³äóâàëà êåð³âíèêà³ííèöüêîãî â³ää³ëåííÿ ×åðâîíîãîÕðåñòà, äðóæèíó ãåíåðàëà Î. Áðóñè-ëîâà, ͳíó Âàñèë³âíó. Ï³ä ¿¿ êåð³âíèö-òâîì ì³ñòÿíè íå ò³ëüêè íàäàâàëè ìà-òåð³àëüíó äîïîìîãó ïîðàíåíèìá³éöÿì, à é ïðàöþâàëè â øïèòàëÿõ.

Ó ñêëàäíèé ³ñòîðè÷íèé ïåð³îä ç1914 ïî 1920 ðîêè ó ³ííèö³ òðóäè-ëèñÿ ÷è ïåðåáóâàëè âèäàòí³ ëþäè.Çîêðåìà, ïðàöþâàëè îðãàí³çàòîðèêîîïåðàòèâíîãî ðóõó É. Âîëîøè-íîâñüêèé òà Â. Ìà÷óøåíêî, åòíîãðà-ôè Â. Áîðæêîâñüêèé ³ Ñ. Êèëèìíèê,ïåäàãîã Ñ. Ðóñîâà, ïèñüìåííèêè Ä.Ìàðêîâè÷ ³ Ë. Ìîñåíäç, êîìïîçèòîðèÌ. Ëåîíòîâè÷, Ã. Äàâèäîâñüêèé ³ ß.Ñòåïîâèé, ïåðåêëàäà÷ Á³á볿 ². Õîìåí-êî, õóäîæíèê À. Ìàíåâè÷. Òåàòðàëü-íà òðóïà ó ñêëàä³ Ï. Ñàêñàãàíñüêîãîòà Ì. Ñàäîâñüêîãî, àðòèñòè À. Áó÷ìàòà Ã. Þðà ñòâîðèëè ó ³ííèö³ òåàòð,ÿêèé íèí³ â³äîìèé ÿê Íàö³îíàëüíèé

many other things appeared before ourvery eyes, turning a provincial town in acultural oasis, to which famous peoplecame and stayed there.

World War I painfully hit ateverything. As a result, productionperformance fell down. Revolutionaryevents brought even greater imbalance.Like 250 years ago the society was splitinto two hostile camps. The soldiers withthe weapon in their hands joined theranks of the opposing parties. Yetyesterday’s comfortable city turned intoa military group, medical institutionsaccepted the wounded. We should givea credit to local intellectuals who followedthe head of Vinnitsa branch of the RedCross, wife of General O.Brusylov, NinaVasylivna. Under her leadership, thetownspeople not only provided financialassistance to the wounded soldiers, butalso worked in hospitals.

In difficult historical period from1914 to 1920 prominent people workedor stayed in Vinnytsia. In particular, thefollowing personalities worked there:organizers of cooperative movement Y.Voloshynovskiy and V. Machushenko,ethnographers V. Borzhkovsky and S.Kylymnyk, teacher S. Rusova, writers D.Markovych and L. Mosendz, composersM. Leontovych, G. Davydovskyi and Y.Stepovyi, translator of the Bible I.Khomenko, artist A. Manevych. Theatergroup consisting of P. Saksahanskyi andM. Sadovskyi, artists A. Buchma and G.Yura established the theater in Vinnytsia,which is now known as the NationalAcademic Drama Theatre named afterIvan Franko. Classic of Polish literatureY. Ivashkevych and many other culturalfigures and art workers visited the city.However, since 1917 Vinnytsia wasexpecting a nasty challenge. After thecollapse of Tsarist Russia anarchy andthe Bolshevik’s dictatorship began torule. The absence of nationally conscious

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Ìåìîð³àë ÑëàâèMemorial of Glory

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ïàì’ÿòíèêè âèäàòíèì çåìëÿêàìmonuments of outstanding countrymen

Ïàì’ ÿòíèê óêðà¿íñüêîìó ïèñüìåííèêó Ì. Ì. ÊîöþáèíñüêîìóThe monument to Ukrainian writer M. Kotsiubynsky

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àêàäåì³÷íèé äðàìàòè÷íèé òåàòð ³ìåí³². Ôðàíêà. Áóâàâ ó ì³ñò³ êëàñèêïîëüñüêî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè ß. ²âàøêåâè÷ ³ùå áàãàòî ³íøèõ ä³ÿ÷³â êóëüòóðè òàìèñòåöòâà. Ïðîòå ç 1917 ðîêó ³ííè-öþ ÷åêàâ ï³äñòóïíèé óäàð. Ç ðîçâà-ëîì öàðñüêî¿ Ðîñ³¿ ïî÷èíຠïàíóâàòèàíàðõ³ÿ òà á³ëüøîâèöüêà äèêòàòóðà.³äñóòí³ñòü íàö³îíàëüíî ñâ³äîìî¿ åë³-òè íå äàëà çìîãó óòðèìàòè âëàäó,÷èì ñêîðèñòàëèñÿ ïîë³òè÷í³ äåìàãî-ãè, ÿê³ îïèðàëèñÿ íà á³ëüøîâèê³â ³

elite did not make it possible to retainthe power, which was used by politicaldemagogues who opposed theBolsheviks and Bundivtsi.

Then All-Russian ExtraordinaryCommission began its activity, and asa result there were mass arrests andexecutions. The first to come under thepunitive actions were the intellectualsand former officers. Attempts of theUkrainian troops to seize the initiativeproved to be insufficient, and the city

Ïàì’ÿòíèê âèäàòíîìó àðõ³òåêòîðó Ã. Ã. ÀðòèíîâóMonument to the outstanding architect G. Artynov

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Ïàì’ÿòíèê Ãåðîþ Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçóï³äï³ëüíèêó ²âàíó Áåâçó

Monument of the Hero of the SovietUnion undergrounder Ivan Bevz

Ïàì’ÿòíèê Ãåðîþ Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçóï³äï³ëüíèö³ Ëÿë³ Ðàòóøí³é

Monument of the Hero of the SovietUnion undergrounder Lyala Ratushna

áóíä³âö³â. Ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ ñóìíîçâ³ñíåÂ×Ê, à â³äòàê ìàñîâ³ àðåøòè ³ ðîçñò-ð³ëè. Ïåðøèìè ïîòðàïèëè ï³ä êà-ðàëüí³ àêö³¿ ³íòåë³ãåíòè òà êîëèøí³îô³öåðè. Ñïðîáè óêðà¿íñüêîãîâ³éñüêà ïåðåõîïèòè ³í³ö³àòèâó âèÿâè-ëèñÿ íåäîñòàòí³ìè, ³ ì³ñòî ÷àñòî ïå-ðåõîäèëî ç ðóê ó ðóêè.  öåé ÷àñ çàï-ëÿìóâàëè ñåáå ÷óæèíö³-êàòè Ê. Êâÿ-òåê, Â. Ïðèìàêîâ, Î. Ôàëê³íçîí, ª.Åäåëüøòåéí, Ì. Êîçèöüêèé, Ì. Òàð-íàãðîäñüêèé òà ³íø³. Çà íåïîâíèõ òðèðîêè á³ëüøîâèêè ðîçñòð³ëÿëè ê³ëüêàòèñÿ÷ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ì³ñöåâî¿ åë³òè.³ä ïîâíîãî âèíèùåííÿ íàö³îíàëüíî-ãî åëåìåíòó ³ííèöþ âðÿòóâàâ îòà-ìàí ß. Øåïåëü, ÿêèé òðè÷³ âèáèâàââîðîã³â ç ì³ñòà. Äåÿêèé ÷àñ ó ³ííèö³ïåðåáóâàâ óðÿä Ñ. Ïåòëþðè òà óêðà¿-íñüêà â³éñüêîâà åë³òà. Ñþäè íà ïå-

was often passed from hand to hand.At that time strangers-executionerssuch as K. Kvyatek, V. Prymakov, O.Falkinzon, Y. Edelstein, M. Kozytskyi,M. Tarnahrodskyi and others stainedtheir good names. In less than threeyears, the Bolsheviks shot severalthousand members of the local elite.From the complete destruction of thenational element Vinnytsia was savedby ataman (Cossack chieftain) Y.Shepel, who three times dislodgedenemies out of the city. Thegovernment of S.Petlyura and Ukrainianmilitary elite stayed in Vinnytsia forsome time. Dictator of Galychyna Y.Petrushevych and marshal of Poland Y.Pilsudskyi came to Vinnytsia to holdnegotiations with the Chief Cossackchieftain.

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Ïàì’ÿòíèê ïîåòó Âàñèëþ ÑòóñóThe monument to the poet Vasyl Stus

Ïàì’ÿòíèê âî¿íàì-àôãàíöÿìMonument of Afghan warriors

ðåìîâèíè äî Ãîëîâíîãî îòàìàíà ïðè-¿æäæàëè äèêòàòîð Ãàëè÷èíè ª. Ïåò-ðóøåâè÷ òà ìàðøàë Ïîëüù³ Þ.ϳëñóäñüêèé.

ϳñëÿ îñòàòî÷íîãî çàõîïëåííÿÏîä³ëëÿ á³ëüøîâèêàìè òà çàïðîâàä-æåííÿ ïîë³òèêè «âîºííîãî êîìóí³ç-ìó», ì³ñòî âòðà÷ຠ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèéïîòåíö³àë é ïîñòóïîâî ïåðåòâîðþºòü-ñÿ íà ñ³ðå é íåïðèì³òíå ïðîâ³íö³éíåì³ñòå÷êî, à âåëè÷åçíà ê³ëüê³ñòüâ³éñüêîâèõ ÷àñòèí ðîç÷èíÿº â ñîá³çàðîäêè íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ñâ³äîìîñò³. Çíî-âó ïîâåðòàºòüñÿ ðóñèô³êàö³ÿ.Ó öåé÷àñ í³õòî íå äáàâ ïðî ìåøêàíö³âì³ñòà. Íîâà âëàäà íàìàãàëàñÿ, â ïåð-øó ÷åðãó, â³äíîâèòè ïðîìèñëîâ³ï³äïðèºìñòâà, à òàê³ «áëàãà» öèâ³ë³-çàö³¿ ÿê âîäîãîíè, êàíàë³çàö³ÿ, áóä³-âíèöòâî æèòëà, åëåêòðèô³êàö³ÿ, íà-

When the Bolsheviks finallyoccupied Podillya and implemented thepolicy of «war communism», the citylost its intellectual potential andgradually turned into a gray andunremarkable provincial town and ahuge number of military units dissolvedin itself a germ of nationalconsciousness. Russification returnedagain. At that time nobody cared aboutthe residents of the city. The new powertried to restore industrial enterprisesin the first place, and such «benefits»of civilization as water supply,sewerage, housing construction,electrification, medical facilities madeno interest for the authorities. The newstate was preparing for a new war.

After the introduction of NEP thesituation was improved. Enterprisingtownspeople began to recover slowlyfrom anxiety. Conducted population

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â³éñüêîâî-³ñòîðè÷íèé ìóçåé

Ïîâ³òðÿíèõ ñèë Çáðîéíèõ ñèë Óêðà¿íèmilitary-historical museum of Air Forces

of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

ëàãîäæåííÿ ìåäèöèíè âëàäó íå ö³êà-âèëî. Íîâà äåðæàâà ãîòóâàëàñÿ äîíîâî¿ â³éíè.

²ç âïðîâàäæåííÿì ÍÅÏó ñèòóàö³ÿïîë³ïøóºòüñÿ. ϳäïðèºìëèâ³ ì³ñòÿíèïî÷àëè ïîâîë³ îãîâòóâàòèñÿ â³ä íå-ñïîêîþ. Ïðîâåäåíèé ïåðåïèñ íàñå-

census found that in Vinnytsia 51315people lived, among them Jews –21169, Ukrainian – 19052, Russian –9467, Poles – 2340 ...

In March 1923, the city received thestatus of a district center. Afterwards therewas the beginning of a gradual revival of

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ëåííÿ âèÿâèâ,ùî ó ³ííèö³ìåøêຠ51315÷îëîâ³ê, ³ç ÿêèõºâðå¿â – 21169,óêðà¿íö³â –19052, ðîñ³ÿí –9467, ïîëÿê³â –2340...

Ó áåðåçí³1923 ðîêó ì³ñòîîòðèìàëî ñòàòóñîêðóæíîãî öåí-òðó. ϳñëÿ öüîãîïî÷èíàºòüñÿ ïî-ñòóïîâå â³äðîä-æåííÿ ïðîìèñ-ëîâî¿ ³íôðàñò-ðóêòóðè. Ïåð-øîþ ïåðåìîãîþñòàëî áóä³âíèö-òâî Ñàáàð³âñü-êî¿ ÃÅÑ, ïîòóæíîñò³ ÿêî¿ áóëè ñïðÿ-ìîâàí³ íà çàâîäè ³ ôàáðèêè, ïîâîë³ñòຠäî ëàäó òðàìâàéíà êîë³ÿ, à âê³íö³ äâàäöÿòèõ ðîê³â ðîçïî÷èíàºòü-ñÿ ðàä³îô³êàö³ÿ. Ó ö³ ðîêè âëàäà äåùîïðèãàëüìóâàëà ðåïðåñ³¿,ñòàâ â³äðîä-

i n d u s t r i a linfrastructure. Thefirst victory wasthe construction ofS a b a r i v s k ah y d r o p o w e rstation, thecapacities of whichwere focused onplants andf a c t o r i e s ,gradually tramtracks were putinto operation,and in the latet w e n t i e sinstallation of radiostarted. Duringthose years, thepower sloweddown repressionsomewhat, new

Ukrainian spirit under the control of theBolsheviks, began to revive. Poets andwriters worked fruitfully in the nameUkrainization, among them significantnames – T. Ognevyk, M. Narushevych, S.Smerychynskyi, P. Peda, Y. Klen, Y. Dorosh.

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ñòàâêà «Âåðâîëüô»,

âèñòàâêà çáðî¿ ³ òåõí³êè ÷àñ³â ÂÂÂrate "Wehrwolf"

exhibition of weapons and equipment of the Great Patriotic War

æóâàòèñü íîâèé, ï³äêîíòðîëüíèéá³ëüøîâèêàì, óêðà¿íñüêèé äóõ.  ³ì’ÿóêðà¿í³çàö³¿ ïë³äíî ïðàöþâàëè ïîåòè³ ïèñüìåííèêè, ñåðåä ÿêèõ º çíàêîâ³³ìåíà – Ò. Îãíåâèê, Ì. Íàðóøåâè÷,Ñ. Ñìåðè÷èíñüêèé, Ï. Ïåäà, Þ. Êëåí,ª. Äîðîø. Äî âèâ÷åííÿ ³ñòî𳿠ì³ñòà

??Historian V. Otomanovskyi made a lotof efforts for studying the city history. Thefuture filmmaker Ivan Savchenko madehimself known in those years.

However, the period of nationalrenaissance did not last long. Togetherwith the beginning of industrialization,

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áàãàòî çóñèëü äîêëàâ ³ñòîðèê Â. Îòî-ìàíîâñüêèé. Ó ò³ æ ðîêè çàÿâèâ ïðîñåáå â³äîìèé â ìàéáóòíüîìó ê³íîðå-æèñåð ². Ñàâ÷åíêî.

Îäíàê ïåð³îä íàö³îíàëüíîãî ðå-íåñàíñó òðèâàâ íåäîâãî. Ðàçîì ç ïî-÷àòêîì ³íäóñòð³àë³çàö³¿, âëàäà ïî÷è-íຠíîâó õâèëþ ðåïðåñ³é. Ïåðøîþ ï³äêàðàþ÷èé ìå÷ ïîòðàïèëà íàö³îíàëü-íî ñâ³äîìà ³íòåë³ãåíö³ÿ. Îäíàê íà çà-ãàëüíîìó ñòàí³ öå íå ïîçíà÷èëîñÿ, áîïåðåñ³÷íèì ãðîìàäÿíàì õîò³ëîñÿ êðà-ùîãî æèòòÿ, à öüîãî ìîæíà áóëî äî-ñÿãòè ïðàöþþ÷è. Ó öåé ÷àñâ ì³ñò³ áóäóþòüñÿ ì’ÿñîêîì-á³íàò, âàãîíîðåìîíòíèé òàïëîäîîâî÷åâèé çàâîäè,êîíäèòåðñüêà òà øâåéíàôàáðèêè, ñ³ð÷àíîêèñëèéöåõ ñóïåðôîñôàòíîãî çà-âîäó, òðèâຠðîçáóäîâàäîñ³ ïðèì³òèâíèõ ìàéñòå-ðåíü òà íàäàííÿ ¿ì âèùîãîñòàòóñó.

Ëèõ³ òðèäöÿò³ çàëèøè-ëè ÷îðíó ïëÿìó â ³ñòîð³¿Â³ííèö³. Ñïî÷àòêó ãîëîäî-ìîð, ÿêèé ïîãíàâ âèìó÷å-íèõ ñåëÿí ó ì³ñòî. Âëàäà íåìîãëà âïîðàòèñÿ ³ç âèñíà-

the power began a new waveof repression. The first onewho got under a punishingsword were nationallyconscious intellectuals.However, the generalcondition was not affected bythat fact, because ordinarypeople wanted a better life,and this could be achievedby working. At that time, thecity built meat-packing,railroad car repair and fruitand vegetable plants,confectionery and clothingfactories, sulfuric acidworkshop of superphosphate

plant, constructing primitive workshopsand providing them with a higher statusstill continued.

Daring thirties left a black spot inthe history of Vinnytsia. At first therewas forced famine that turned laboredpeasants out to the city. The powercould not cope with exhausted andunqualified peasants who could notwork at industrial companies. In 1937another wave of repression started.

Ideological guillotine mercilesslyexecuted thousands of people.

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â³äîì³ âèù³ ó÷áîâ³ çàêëàäèknown institutions of higher learning

æåíèìè ³ íåêâàë³ô³êîâàíèìè äëÿ ðî-áîòè íà ïðîìèñëîâèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâàõñåëÿíàìè. Ó 1937 ðîö³ ðîçïî÷àëàñÿ÷åðãîâà õâèëÿ ðåïðåñ³é.

²äåîëîã³÷íà ã³ëüéîòèíà íåùàäíîñòðà÷óâàëà òèñÿ÷³ ëþäåé. Ïîâ÷àëü-íî äëÿ íàñòóïíèõ ïîêîë³íü, ç ìåòîþ

Instructively for future generations, inorder to destroy the traces andwitnesses of forced famine, itsorganizers were killed in the first place,and then came the element. Anyonewho got in sight of the People’sCommissariat for Internal Affairs was

³ííèöüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé ìåäè÷íèé óí³âåðñèòåò ³ì. Ì. ². ÏèðîãîâàVinnytsia National Medical University named after M. Pirogov

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çíèùåííÿ ñë³ä³â ³ ñâ³äê³â ãîëîäîìî-ðó, îäíèìè ³ç ïåðøèõ áóëè ë³êâ³äî-âàí³ éîãî îðãàí³çàòîðè, à äàë³ íàñòà-ëà ñòèõ³ÿ. Ðîçñòð³ëþâàëè âñ³õ, õòî ïî-òðàïëÿâ â ïîëå çîðó ÍÊÂÑ. Ñïðàâèôàáðèêóâàëèñÿ ïðîòÿãîì ê³ëüêîõ ãî-äèí, ³ç çàñòîñóâàííÿì òîðòóð. Äîñòå-ìåííî íåâ³äîìî, ñê³ëüêè äåñÿòê³â òè-ñÿ÷ íåâèííèõ ãðîìàäÿí áóëî çàìîð-äîâàíî.

Íàïåðåäîäí³ â³éíè ³ç ͳìå÷÷èíîþ³ííèöÿ òð³øêè îãîâòàëàñÿ â³ä ïî-òðÿñ³íü. Ïîñòóïîâî íàëàãîäæóâàëàñÿðîáîòà åëåêòðîòðàíñïîðòó, ïî÷àëî-ñÿ, õî÷ ³ ìëÿâî, áóä³âíèöòâî æèòëà,áóäóâàëèñÿ äîðîãè ç òâåðäèì ïîêðèò-òÿì, ä³éøëè ðóêè ó âëàäè äî ðîçáó-äîâè ìåäè÷íèõ çàêëàä³â, â³äíîâèâðîáîòó ³ííèöüêèé ïåäàãîã³÷íèé³íñòèòóò â ÿêîìó òîä³ íàâ÷àâñÿ ìàé-áóòí³é ïèñüìåííèê Ì. Ñòåëüìàõ...

³éíà óâ³ðâàëàñÿ â ìèðí³ äîì³âêèíåñïîä³âàíî. Íàñåëåííÿ ñâÿòî â³ðè-

executed by shooting. Cases werefabricated for several hours, usingtorture. It is not known how many tensof thousands of innocent citizens weremurdered.

Before the war with GermanyVinnytsia recovered a little from theshocks. Work of electrical transport wasgradually adjusted, housing develop-ment was established though sluggishly,hard-surface roads were built, the powerfound time to build medical institutions,Vinnytsia Pedagogical Institute resumedits work, where future writer M.Stelmakh studied at that time...

The war broke into the peacefulhomes unexpectedly. The populationbelieved strongly the authorities that itwould never happen, when suddenly theenemy was on the threshold. The Nazisseized the city almost without a fight. Aseparate unit, covering the retreat in thedistrict Stare misto, was destroyed by

³ííèöüêèé äåðæàâíèé ïåäàãîã³÷íèé óí³âåðñèòåò ³ì. Ì. ÊîöþáèíñüêîãîVinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after M. Kotsyubynskyi

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Õðàì Ïîêðîâè Ïðåñâÿòî¿ Áîãîðîäèö³ ÓÃÊÖTemple of the Intercession

of the Theotokos UGCC

the invaders during a day. In Vinnytsia,in the absence of authorities marauderscommitted acts of violence for severaldays. Illusive expectations of somecitizens for the «liberators» were

ñàêðàëüí³ çàêëàäèreligious Institutions

ëî âëàä³, ùî öüîãî í³êîëè íå òðàïèòü-ñÿ, àæ òóò âîðîã íà ïîðîç³. Íàöèñòèçàõîïèëè ì³ñòî ïðàêòè÷íî áåç áîþ.Îêðåìèé ï³äðîçä³ë, ùî ïðèêðèâàââ³äñòóï â ðàéîí³ Ñòàðîãî ì³ñòà, îêó-

Ñâÿòî-ÏðåîáðàæåíñüêèéÊàôåäðàëüíèé Ñîáîð

Holy Transfiguration Cathedral

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Öåíòðàëüíà öåðêâà ºâàíãåëüñüêèõõðèñòèÿí-áàïòèñò³â

Central Church of EvangelicalChristians-Baptists

Ðèìî-êàòîëèöüêèé õðàìÏðåñâÿòî¿ Ä³âè Ìà𳿠Àíãåëüñüêî¿

Roman-Catholic Templeof Blessed Angelic Virgin Mary

ïàíòè çíèùèëè ïðîòÿãîì äíÿ. Ó³ííèö³, çà â³äñóòíîñò³ âëàäè, ê³ëüêàäí³â áåç÷èíñòâóâàëè ìàðîäåðè. ²ëþ-çîðí³ ñïîä³âàííÿ îêðåìèõ ãðîìàäÿííà «âèçâîëèòåë³â» ðîçâ³ÿëèñÿ äîñèòüøâèäêî. ßê ³ ðàí³øå, â áîðîòüá³ ç âî-ðîãîì, ìåøêàíö³ çíîâó ðîçä³ëèëèñÿ.Îäí³ ñïðèÿëè á³ëüøîâèöüêîìóï³äï³ëëþ, à ³íø³ – íàö³îíàë³ñòè÷íî-ìó.  ï³äñóìêó ³ ïåðø³ ³ äðóãó áóëèçíèùåí³. Îñîáëèâ³ñòþ îêóïàö³éíîãîïåð³îäó ñòàëî áóä³âíèöòâî â ñ. Êîëî-Ìèõàéë³âêà ã³òëåð³âñüêî¿ ñòàâêè

«Âåðâîëüô». Ó öåé æå ÷àñ ó ³ííèö³,Âîðîíîâèö³ òà ßêóøèíöÿõ ä³ÿëèê³ëüêà àáâåðøê³ë, ùî óíåìîæëèâëþ-âàëî øèðîêîìàñøòàáíó áîðîòüáó

dispelled rather quickly. As before, in thefight with the enemy, citizens were againdivided. Some contributed to theBolshevik underground, and others – tothe nationalistic underground. In theend, the first and second weredestroyed. The special feature of theoccupation period was the constructionof Hitler headquarters “Vervolf” in thevillage of Kolo-Mykhailivka. At the sametime several Abwehr schools functionedin Vinnytsia, Voronovytsia andYakushyntsi, and made large-scale fight

against the Nazi impossible. It shouldbe mentioned that Vinnytsia became«famous» of the fact that in 1943 theinvaders carried out excavations on the

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³ííèöüêèé äåðæàâíèé àêàäåì³÷íèé

ìóçè÷íî-äðàìàòè÷íèé òåàòð ³ìåí³ Ì. ÑàäîâñüêîãîVinnytsia State Academic

Music and Drama Theatre named after M. Sadowski

ïðîòè ã³òëåð³âö³â.Ñë³ä ñêàçàòè, ùî³ííèöÿ «ïðîñëàâèëàñÿ» òèì, ùî â1943 ðîö³ îêóïàíòè ïðîâåëè ðîçêîï-êè íà òåðèòî𳿠ïîëüñüêîãî öâèíòàðÿé âñòàíîâèëè, ùî äîâåäåíî ì³æíà-

territory of the Polish cemetery andestablished, that was proved by theinternational commission, the fact ofmass shooting of civil population in1937-38.

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áóäèíîê îô³öåð³âhouse officers

ðîäíîþ êîì³ñ³ºþ, ôàêò ìàñîâèõðîçñòð³ë³â öèâ³ëüíîãî íàñåëåííÿ ó1937-38 ðîêàõ.

Ðàäÿíñüê³ â³éñüêà çâ³ëüíèëè ì³ñòîâ áåðåçí³ 1944 ðîêó ³ ïåðøå, ùî çðî-áèëà âëàäà – àðåøòóâàëà âñ³õ, õòîáóâ ïðèñóòí³é íà ðîçêîïêàõ æåðòâïîë³òè÷íèõ ðåïðåñ³é. Çàãàëüíà ìîá³-ë³çàö³ÿ ÷îëîâ³ê³â ³ âïðîâàäæåííÿ

The Soviet troops liberated the cityin March 1944 and the first thing thatwas made ??by that power – it arrestedeveryone who was present at theexcavations of victims of politicalrepressions. The total mobilization ofmen and the introduction of implacableregime did its part. Liberatorsimmediately introduced a new, not less

Ãîðäî, òèõî ³ âåëè÷àâî íåñå ñâî¿ âîäè Áîãîì äàíà ð³êàGiven by God river bears its water in a proud and majestic way

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æîðñòîêîãî ðåæèìó çðîáèëè ñâîþñïðàâó. Âèçâîëèòåë³ îäðàçó çàïðîâà-äèëè íîâó, íå ìåíø æîðñòîêó ôîðìóïðàâë³ííÿ – ô³ëüòðàö³þ ãðîìàäÿí, ïî-ñò³éíå âèìàãàííÿ ï³äïèñàòèñÿ íà ïî-çèêó, çàãðîçà áóòè çâèíóâà÷åíèì óïîñ³áíèöòâó âîðîãó çàãíàëî ëþäåé óïîâíèé ñòóïîð. Ðàçîì ³ç öèì âëàäàïî÷àëà ñòð³ìêî íàëàãîäæóâàòè ðîáî-òó ïðîìèñëîâèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, ùî äà-âàëà ðîá³òíèêàì, à öå â ñâî¿é îñíîâ³æ³íêè òà ï³äë³òêè, íàä³þ íà âèæèâàí-íÿ. Ïîïðè âñ³ òðóäíîù³ âîºííîãî ïå-ð³îäó, ëþäè õîò³ëè îäíîãî – ìèðó, éâ³í íå çàáàðèâñÿ. Ùå äî òðàâíÿ 1945ðîêó çàïðàöþâàëî òðàìâàéíå äåïî,áóëî â³äðåìîíòîâàíî âîäîíàï³ðíóñòàíö³þ òà âîäîã³í, çàïðàöþâàëèøâåéíà ³ âçóòòºâà ôàáðèêè, ìîòîðî-ðåìîíòíèé çàâîä ³ ÷èìàëî ³íøèõäð³áí³øèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ.

Ìèðíèé òðàâåíü ñîðîê ï’ÿòîãîïðèí³ñ ñïîä³âàííÿ íà êðàùå æèòòÿ.̳ñòÿíè òðóäèëèñÿ,äîêëàäàþ÷è ÷è-ìàëèõ çóñèëü. Çàâäÿêè ¿õíüîìó ñòà-ðàííþ ðîçïî÷àâ ðîáîòó ³íñòðóìåí-òàëüíèé çàâîä, çãîäîì – åëåêòðîðå-ìîíòíèé, ìîëî÷íèé, åëåêòðîòåõí³÷-íèé, êîíñåðâíî-êîâáàñíèé òà ³íø³ï³äïðèºìñòâà. Òîä³ æ ðîçïî÷àëîñÿçâåäåííÿ ïîòóæíîãî ìàñëîñèðçàâîäó,îäíî÷àñíî çàïðàöþâàâ ñóïåðôîñôàò-íèé çàâîä. Íàñòóïíèì êðîêîì ñòàëàâ³äáóäîâà Ñàáàð³âñüêî¿ ÃÅÑ. Öå áóâïðîðèâ ó åêîíîì³÷íîìó æèòò³ îáëàñ-íîãî öåíòðó. Ðàçîì ³ç öèì áóäóâàëèíîâ³ æèòëîâ³ áóäèíêè. Ïðîòå ïîòóæ-íîñòåé êàòàñòðîô³÷íî íå âèñòà÷àëî.

Íàïðèê³íö³ ï’ÿòäåñÿòèõ ðîê³â ïî-÷àâ ñòð³ìêî çðîñòàòè åêîíîì³÷íèéïîòåíö³àë ì³ñòà. Çàïðàöþâàëèõ³ì³÷íèé òà ìåáëåâèé êîìá³íàòè, çà-âîä çàë³çîáåòîííèõ êîíñòðóêö³é, êîí-äèòåðñüêà ôàáðèêà, óäîñêîíàëþâà-ëèñÿ ä³þ÷³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà.

Ó ö³ ðîêè âëàäà ñåðéîçíî âçÿëà-ñÿ çà ìîñòîáóäóâàííÿ, àáè ïîë³ïøè-

cruel form of governing – filtering ofcitizens, constant extortion to subscribeto the loan, threat of being accused ofaiding to enemies drove people into acomplete stupor. At the same timeauthorities rapidly began to establishthe work of industrial enterprises thatgave the workers, and that basicallywomen and teenagers, hope for thesurvival. Despite all the difficulties ofthe war period, people wanted only onething – peace, and it did not keepwaiting. Before May 1945 tram depotstarted working, a water station andwater supply were repaired; clothingand shoe factories, motorepair plantand many other smaller companiesbegan their work.

Peaceful May of nineteen forty-fivebrought hope for a better life.Townspeople worked, making a lot ofefforts. Thanks to their diligence toolfactory started working, then –electrical repair plant, milk factory,electrotechnical, canning-sausagefactory and other enterprises. Thenpowerful erection of Creamery wasstarted, at the same timesuperphosphate plant began its work.The next step was rebuilding ofSabarivska HPS. It was a breakthroughin the economic life of the regionalcenter. At the same time new dwellinghouses were built. However, facilitieslacked disastrously.

In the late fifties the economicpotential of the city began to grow.Chemical and furniture plants,ferroconcrete structures plant,confectionery started working, activecompanies were improved.

During those years, the authoritiesset to work seriously on bridgeconstruction in order to improve theconnection between two parts of thecity. It should be given a little-knownfact – Staromiskyi bridge over the river

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òè çâ’ÿçîê äâîõ ÷àñòèí ì³ñòà. Òóò ñë³äíàâåñòè ìàëîâ³äîìèé ôàêò – ñòàðî-ì³ñüêèé ì³ñò ÷åðåç ð. ϳâäåííèé Áó㺠óí³êàëüíèì çà êîíñòðóêö³ºþ, áî çâå-äåíèé íå òðàäèö³éíî ñòðîãî ãîðèçîí-òàëüíî, à ï³ä êóòîì. Ó ñâ³ò³ òàêèõ ñïî-ðóä îäèíèö³.

Ó ø³ñòäåñÿò³ ðîêè ðîçïî÷àëàñÿïîë³òèêà óêðóïíåííÿ ðåã³îí³â. Òîä³ äî³ííèöüêî¿ îáëàñò³ áóëî ïðèºäíàíîñóñ³äí³. Îäíàê ç³ çì³íîþ ïîë³òè÷íîãîâåêòîðó âñå ïîâåðíóëîñÿ íà «êðóãèñâîÿ».

Öåé ÷àñ äëÿ ì³ñòà îçíàìåíóâàëè-ñÿ àêòèâíèì ³, äî ïåâíî¿ ì³ðè, ñóïå-ðå÷ëèâèì, øëÿõîì ðîçâèòêó. Åêñòåí-ñèâíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ òðóäîâèõ ðå-ñóðñ³â âèìàãàëî ñòâîðåííÿ åëåìåí-òàðíèõ æèòëîâèõ óìîâ. Òîæ òîä³ áóëîóõâàëåíî ð³øåííÿ ïðî ðîçøèðåííÿòåðèòî𳿠ì³ñòà. Òàê íà çíàìåíèòèõïîä³ëüñüêèõ ÷îðíîçåìàõ âèð³ñ ì³êðî-ðàéîí «Âèøåíüêà». Âòðàòà çåìë³ êîì-ïåíñóâàëàñÿ ïîòóæíîþ ³íäóñòð³àë³çà-ö³ºþ. Ïîì³æ íîâîáóäîâàìè áóëè çáó-äîâàí³çàâîäè «Êðèñòàë», «Òåðì³-íàë», ðàä³îòåõí³÷íèé...

Ó ö³ ðîêè íà ì³ñö³ íåâïîðÿäêîâà-íî¿ ì³ñöèíè «Êàë³÷à» âèðîñëà ïëîùà³ìåí³ Ãàãàð³íà ³ çâåäåíî òîðãîâåëü-íèé öåíòð – óí³âåðìàã, ÿêèé, çàê³ëüêà ðîê³â, ñòàâ ôëàãìàíîì òîðãî-âåëüíî¿ ìåðåæ³ Ñîþçó, à çãîäîì çà-êîíîäàâöåì ìîäè ç ðåàë³çàö³¿ òîâàð³â.Äèðåêòîð óí³âåðìàãó Ì. Ìàëèøåíêîáóâ âèçíàíèé îäíèì ³ç íàéêðàùèõîðãàí³çàòîð³â òîðã³âë³.

dz çâåäåííÿì æèòëîâîãî ì³êðî-ðàéîíó «Âèøåíüêà» âèíèêëà ïîòðå-áà â çàáåçïå÷åíí³ íàñåëåííÿ ïðîäóê-òàìè õàð÷óâàííÿ – òàê ïîñòàâ ðèíîê«Óðîæàé». Íà ïî÷àòêó ø³ñòäåñÿòèõ³ííèöÿ ñòàëà ñâîãî ðîäó ðåâîëþö³-îíåðîì. Öå áóëî ºäèíå ì³ñòî â Ñîþç³,äå áåç äîçâîëó Äåðæïëàíó ÑÐÑÐ êîø-òîì ì³ñöåâèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ïðîêëàäå-íî ïåðøó òðîëåéáóñíó ë³í³þ. Ó ò³ æ

Pivdennyi Bug is unique in itsconstruction because it was built nottraditionally horizontally but at theangle. There are just few constructionslike this in the world.

In the sixties the policy of regionsconsolidation began. Then neighboringregions joined Vinnytsia region.However, with the change of politicalvector everything resumed its naturalcourse.

That time for the city was markedby active and, to some extent,controversial way of development.Extensive use of human resourcesrequired the creation of elementary livingconditions. So then it was decided tobroaden the territory of the city. Somicrodistrict «Vyshenka» grew on thefamous black soils. Loss of land wascompensated by powerful industria-lization. Among the new buildings suchfactories as «Crystal», «Terminal», radioengineering were built.

During those years Gagarin Squaregrew on the territory of disorderedlocality «Kalicha» and shopping center– department store was built, which forseveral years was a leader ofdistribution network of the Union, andthen a trendsetter in goods selling.Director of department store M.Malyshenko was recognized as one ofthe best organizer of trading.

With the construction of a residentialmicrodistrict «Vyshenka» there was aneed to provide people with food – sothe market «Urozhay» appeared.

In the early sixties Vinnytsiabecame a kind of revolutionary. It wasthe only city in the Union, wherewithout the permission of Gosplan(State Planning Committee) of theUSSR at the expense of localenterprises the first trolleybus line wasbuilt. In those same years, Vinnytsiaacquired the status of strategic

³ííèöüêà îáëàñíà êë³í³÷íà ë³êàðíÿ ³ì. Ì. ². ÏèðîãîâàVinnytsia Regional Hospital named after Ì. Pirogov

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³ííèöüêà ïñèõ³àòðè÷íà ë³êàðíÿ

³ì. Þùåíêà, çàñíîâàíà â 1897 ðîö³Vinnytsia Psychiatric Hospital

named after Yushchenko, founded in 1897

ðîêè ³ííèöÿ íàáóëà ñòàòóñó ñòðàòå-ã³÷íîãî çíà÷åííÿ. Öüîìó ñïðèÿëî çâå-äåííÿ íàéâèùî¿, íà òîé ÷àñ, òåëå-â³ç³éíî¿ âåæ³, ÿêà â îñíîâíîìó âèêî-íóâàëà â³éñüêîâ³ çàâäàííÿ. Òà öå íåçàòüìàðèëî ¿¿ çíà÷åííÿ, áî âåëè÷åç-íà íàâêîëèøíÿ òåðèòîð³ÿ ïîêðèâàëà-ñÿ ñò³éêèì òåëåâ³ç³éíèì ñèãíàëîì.Êð³ì òîãî, ³ííèöÿ ó ÷àñè ðîçãîðòàí-íÿ «õîëîäíî¿» â³éíè, ñòàëà çàêðèòèìì³ñòîì. Íà öå áóëè âàãîì³ ïðè÷èíè –òóò ì³ñòèâñÿ øòàá ðàêåòíî¿ òà àâ³à-ö³éíî¿ àðì³é. Ç òîãî ÷àñó ³ííèöþ ïî-÷àëè çàñåëÿòè â³éñüêîâ³ ïåíñ³îíåðè,ÿê³ ðîçíåñëè éîãî ñëàâó ÿê îäíîãî ³çíàéêðàùèõ â ñîö³àëüíîìó ïëàí³.

ѳìäåñÿò³ ðîêè îçíàìåíóâàëèñÿòèì, ùî ³ííèöÿ ³ç çàøòàòíîãî ì³ñòàâèéøëà íà âèñîêèé ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíî-ì³÷íèé ð³âåíü. ßêðàç ì³ñòî äèâóâàëîçáàëàíñîâàí³ñòþ âñ³õ ñôåð, âèð³çíÿ-ëîñÿ ÷èñòîòîþ, à îñîáëèâî ðàäóâàëîîêî îçåëåíåííÿ – ïàðêè, ñàäè, àëå¿.Íà òîé ÷àñ îáëàñíèé öåíòð çà öèì ïî-êàçíèêîì íå ïîñòóïàâñÿ íàâ³òü Êèº-âó.

Ó ö³ ðîêè â³ííè÷àíè ïðîñëàâèëè-ñÿ ñâîºþ ôóòáîëüíîþ êîìàíäîþ «Ëî-êîìîòèâ» ³ ³ííèöüêèì ìóçè÷íî-äðà-

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importance. This was facilitated by theconstruction of the highest, at thattime, TV tower, which performed mainlymilitary tasks. But this did notovershadow its importance as a hugesurrounding area was covered with astable TV signal. Besides, Vinnytsia atthe time of development of «cold war»became a forbidden city. For that therewere strong reasons – the headquartersof missile and aviation army werelocated there. Since then, Vinnytsiabegan to settle military retirees whospread its fame as one of the best citiesin social terms.

The seventies were marked by thefact that Vinnytsia from a provincial citycame to a high socio-economic level.The city amazed with balance of allareas, distinguished itself in purity, andespecially pleasant to the eye waslandscape gardening – parks, gardensand alleys. At that time, the regionalcenter for this indicator was not inferiorto even Kyiv.

During those years citizens ofVinnytsia became famous for its footballteam «Lokomotiv» and Vinnytsia Musicand Drama Theatre named after M.

³ííèöüêèé îáëàñíèé ñïåö³àë³çîâàíèé êë³í³÷íèé

äèñïàíñåð ðàä³àö³éíîãî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿVinnytsia Regional Specialized Clinical Center

Radiation Protection

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ôîíòàíèfountains

ìàòè÷íèì òåàòðîì ³ìåí³ Ì. Ñàäîâñü-êîãî, äå ïðàöþâàâ â³äîìèé ðåæèñåðÔ. Âåðåùàã³í. Òàêîãî âêëàäàííÿ óêóëüòóðó, ÿê òîä³, ì³ñòî íå çíàëî í³êî-ëè. ×îãî âàðòèé ôåñòèâàëü «Çîð³ íàäÁóãîì», ÷è çàêëàäàííÿ òâîð÷î¿ áàçèâ ðîçâèòîê ëÿëüêîâîãî òåàòðó.Äîøèðîêî¿ ê³íîìåðåæ³ äîäàëèñÿ ñó÷àñí³ê³íîòåàòðè «Ðîñ³ÿ» òà «Ìèð».

Sadovskyi, where worked a well-knownstage director F. Vereshchagin. The cityhad never known such contribution intothe culture. Festival «Stars over theBug» and laying a creative base in thedevelopment of Puppet Theater deservea special notice. Modern cinema«Russia» and «Myr» were added tobroad cinema network.

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Öåíòðàëüí³é ì³ñüêèé ïàðêCentral City Park

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Ïðîòÿãîì ñîðîêà ïîâîºííèõ ðîê³âäîâêîëèøí³ ñåëà íàäàâàëè ì³ñòóëþäñüê³ òà ïðîäîâîëü÷³ ðåñóðñè. Îä-íàê ëèøå ê³ëüêà ç íèõ ì³öíî ñòîÿëèíà íîãàõ. Ó Âîðîíîâèö³ ä³ÿëè ïëîäî-êîíñåðâíèé òà öóêðîâèé çàâîäè, êîâ-áàñíèé öåõ, øâåéíà ôàáðèêà,â³ää³ëåííÿ «Ñ³ëüãîñïòåõí³êè», õë³áçà-âîä, ÏÒÓ, âåëèêà ë³êàðíÿ. Ó Ñòðè-æàâö³ çá³ëüøèâ âèðîáíèöòâî áóä³-âåëüíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ãðàí³òíèé êàð’ºð.Çàïðàöþâàëè ïòàõîôàáðèêè â Ñòå-ïàí³âö³ òà Ïèñàð³âö³. Ó Àãðîíîì³÷íî-ìó áóëî â³äêðèòî ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñü-êó äîñë³äíó ñòàíö³þ, â ÌåäâåæîìóÂóøêó – Ïîä³ëüñüêó äîñë³äíó ñòàí-ö³þ ñàä³âíèöòâà, à â Áîõîíèêàõ ïðî-âîäèëè åêñïåðèìåíòè íàóêîâö³ ³íñòè-òóòó êîðì³â. Âàðòî ñêàçàòè, ùî öå íåïðîñòî íàóêîâ³ óñòàíîâè, à òàê³, äåâèðîùóâàëè ïîñàäêîâèé ìàòåð³àë òàåë³òíå íàñ³ííÿ, ÿêå ïðèìíîæóâàëîñëàâó âñüîãî Ïîä³ëëÿ.

ѳìäåñÿò³ òà ïåðøà ïîëîâèíàâ³ñ³ìäåñÿòèõ ðîê³â âèÿâèëèñÿ íàéóñ-ï³øí³øèìè â ³ñòî𳿠ì³ñòà. ³ííèöÿ ïî-ñòóïîâî ïåðåòâîðèëàñÿ â ïåðëèíóÏîä³ëëÿ. Îáëàñíèé öåíòð ñòð³ìêî ðîç-âèâàâñÿ. Ïîðÿä ³ç òðàäèö³éíèìè ïðî-ìèñëîâèìè ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè âèðîñòà-ëè ñó÷àñí³, îð³ºíòîâàí³ íà â³éñüêîâ³ïîòðåáè, òà æèòòÿ âèìàãàëî êàðäè-íàëüíèõ çðóøåíü ó äîñ³ â³äñòàëîìóñ³ëüñüêîìó ãîñïîäàðñòâ³. Òîæ äëÿ âè-ð³øåííÿ ïîòðåá àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðà âñåë³ Àãðîíîì³÷íå áóâ â³äêðèòèéñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèé ³íñòèòóò.

Ïðîòå çàãàëüíà êðèçà ñåðåäèíèâ³ñ³ìäåñÿòèõ ðîê³â äîøêóëüíî âäàðè-ëà ïî ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ îáëàñíîãî öåí-òðó. Öå â³äáèëîñÿ íà ñóñï³ëüíèõ ïðî-öåñàõ. Òàê ³ç ïðîãîëîøåííÿì ïåðå-áóäîâè â ì³ñò³ óòâîðèëîñÿ ãðîìàäñü-êå îá’ºäíàííÿ Íàðîäíèé Ðóõ çà ïå-ðåáóäîâó, ÿêèé î÷îëèëè êàíäèäàòèíàóê Â. Ìóëÿâà, Î. Íèæíèê òà þðèñòÑ. Âîâê. Ï³ä ¿õí³ì êåð³âíèöòâîì âïåð-

For forty years after the warneighboring villages gave human andfood resources to the city. However, onlya few of them stood firm on their feet.Fruit canning factory and sugar mill,sausage shop, clothing factory,department of «Agricultural machinery»,bread-making plant, vocational school,a large hospital functioned inVoronovytsia. In Stryzhavka granitequarry increased the production ofbuilding materials. Poultry farms startedtheir work in Stepanivka and Pysarivka.In the village of Agronomichneagricultural research station wasestablished, in Medvezhe Vushko –Podilska Experimental Station ofGardening, and in Bokhonyky scientistsfrom the Institute of forage carried outexperiments. It should be noted thatthese are not just scientific institutions,but such establishments where scientistsgrew plant materials and stock seedswhich multiplied the glory of all Podillya.

The seventies and first half ofeighties were the most successful in thehistory of the city. Vinnytsia graduallyturned into a pearl of Podillya. Theregional center was developing rapidly.Modern companies grew along withtraditional industrial enterprises,focused on the military needs, and liferequired fundamental changes in stillbackward agriculture. So to solve theneeds of the agricultural sectorAgricultural Institute was opened in thevillage of Agronomichne.

However, the general crisis of themid-eighties hit hard to the industry ofthe regional center. This was reflectedin the social processes. Since after theproclamation of restructuring thereappeared a community associationnamed the National Movement for therestructuring, which was headed bycandidates of science Mulyava, O.Nyzhnyk and lawyer S.Vovk. Under

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øå ó öåíòðàëüí³é Óêðà¿í³, ùå çàäîâ-ãî äî ïðîãîëîøåííÿ íåçàëåæíîñò³,-áóëî ï³äíÿòî ñèíüî-æîâòèé ñòÿã ïî-øèòèé àêòèâ³ñòêîþ ÓÐÏ Ë. Êîðí³ºí-êî. Íèí³ â³í çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ â îáëàñíî-ìó êðàºçíàâ÷îìó ìóçå¿. Òîä³ æ óòâî-ðåíî åêîëîã³÷íó îðãàí³çàö³þ «Çåëå-íèé ñâ³ò Ïîä³ëëÿ». Ðóá³êîí íåïîâåð-íåííÿ äî òîòàë³òàðíî¿ äåðæàâè â³ííè-÷àíè ïðîéøëè 1 ãðóäíÿ 1991 ðîêó,êîëè íà Âñåóêðà¿íñüêîìó ðåôåðåí-äóì³ 95,43 â³äñîòêà ãðîìàäÿí ïðîãî-ëîñóâàëè çà ñîáîðíó ³ íåçàëåæíó Óê-ðà¿íó.

Ïðîòå âåñåëêîâ³ ñïîä³âàííÿ íàùàñëèâå æèòòÿ íåçàáàðîì çàòüìàðè-ëèñÿ ïîãëèáëåííÿì åêîíîì³÷íî¿ êðè-çè. Îäíå çà îäíèì ïðèïèíÿëè ðîáî-òó ïðîìèñëîâ³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà, îð³ºíòî-âàí³ íà â³éñüêîâèé êîìïëåêñ. Äåñÿò-êè òèñÿ÷ êâàë³ô³êîâàíèõ ðîá³òíèê³âîïèíèëèñÿ áåç çàñîá³â äî ³ñíóâàííÿ,³ äîñ³ òèõå òà çàòèøíå ì³ñòî ïåðåòâî-ðèëîñÿ íà ñóö³ëüíèé áàçàð, ó ã³ðøî-ìó ðîçóì³íí³ öüîãî ñëîâà. Êîìóíàëü-íå ìàéíî íå çàâæäè ïîòðàïëÿëî â÷åñí³ ðóêè ³ ïðàêòè÷íî çà áåçö³íü.Àáè âèæèòè, â³ííè÷àíè êóðñóâàëè íàðèíêè Òóðå÷÷èíè òà Ïîëüù³, çãîäîìç’ÿâèâñÿ íîâèé âèä çàðîá³ò÷àíñòâà-íà áóäîâàõ ó êðà¿íàõ ªâðîïè. Òàêòðèâàëî äî äåâ’ÿíîñòî øîñòîãî ðîêó.Ç òîãî ÷àñó ³ííèöÿ ïîâîë³ ïî÷àëàîãîâòóâàòèñÿ òà ïîâåðòàòèñÿ äî íîð-ìàëüíîãî æèòòÿ, àëå öå âæå áóëî³íøå ì³ñòî é ³íø³ ëþäè, ÿê³ çðîçóì³-ëè, ùî â íîâèõ ñóñï³ëüíî-åêîíîì³÷-íèõ â³äíîñèíàõ âîíè ïîâèíí³ äáàòèñàì³ çà ñåáå.

Äâîõòèñÿ÷í³ ðîêè äàëè ïîòóæíèéñòàðò ³í³ö³àòèâ³ ãðîìàäÿí. ßê ò³ ãðèáèï³ñëÿ äîùó, â ì³ñò³ âèíèêàëè êîîïå-ðàòèâè, öåõè, ìàéñòåðí³, êðàìíèö³ äåçíàõîäèëè çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñâî¿ì ðóêàìäåñÿòêè òèñÿ÷ ãîðîäÿí. Ó öåé ÷àñ³ííèöÿ çàö³êàâèëà ³íâåñòîð³â. Òàêîòðèìàëà äðóãå äèõàííÿ êîíäèòåðñü-

their leadership blue and yellow flag,sewn by activist of URP L. Kornienko,was raised for the first time in thecentral Ukraine, long before theproclamation of independence. Nowthis flag is kept in the regional historymuseum. At the same time anenvironmental organization «Greenworld of Podillya» was established.Rubicon of no return to a totalitarianstate was crossed by citizens ofVinnytsia on December 1, 1991, whenat the National referendum 95.43percent of citizens voted for united andindependent Ukraine.

However magnificent hopes for ahappy life were soon darkened bydeepening of economic crisis. Industrialenterprises one by one stopped theiractivities, focused on the militarycomplex. Tens of thousands of skilledworkers lost their means ofsubsistence, and still a quiet andcomfortable city became a solid market,in the worst sense of this word.Communal property not always founditself in honest hands and almost fornothing. In order to survive, citizens ofVinnytsia plied to the markets of Turkeyand Poland, then appeared a new kindof working abroad on the constructionsites in Europe. This continued to theyear of nineteen ninety six. Since thenVinnytsia slowly began to recover andreturn to normal life, but that wasalready another city and other peoplewho understood that they should carefor themselves in the new social andeconomic relations.

The year two thousand gave a strongstart to the initiative of citizens. As thosemushrooms after the rain, cooperatives,shops, workshops, stores appeared inthe city, where tens of thousands ofcitizens found how to use their hands.At this time, investors became interestedin Vinnytsia. So a confectionery factory

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êà ôàáðèêà, ÿêà íèí³çíàíà ï³ä òîðãîâîþ ìàð-êîþ «Ðîøåí», òà íàé-á³ëüøå ³ íàéïðîãðåñèâ-í³øå â ªâðîï³ êîíäè-òåðñüêå ï³äïðèºìñòâîö³º¿ æ êîðïîðàö³¿. Íåñïî-ä³âàíî çàÿâèëè ïðî ñåáåíà âåñü ñâ³ò çáðîÿð³ çà-âîäó «Ôîðò». Íèí³ ö³ï³äïðèºìñòâà âèðîáëÿ-þòü âèñîêîÿê³ñí³ ñîëî-äîù³ òà çáðîþ. Íàìàãà-þòüñÿ íå â³äñòàâàòè â³äôëàãìàí³â òàê³ ï³äïðèº-

got a second breath,which is now knownunder the brand name«Roshen», and thelargest and most pro-gressive in Europe con-fectionery company ofthe same corporation.Suddenly gunsmiths ofplant «Fort» made them-selves known in theworld. Nowadays, thesecompanies produce high-quality sweets and wea-pons. Such enterprisesas the pharmaceutical

çîîïàðêzoo

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ñó÷àñíàmodern

ìñòâà ÿê ôàðìàöåâòè÷íå ÒΠ«Ñïåð-êî-Óêðà¿íà», äåðåâîîáðîáíå – «Áàð-ë³íåê» òà ïëîäîîâî÷åâå – «Àãðàíà-Ôðóò Óêðà¿íà». Ö³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ç’ÿâè-ëèñÿ çàâäÿêè ³íîçåìíèì ³íâåñòèö³ÿì.Íà ïî÷àòêó íîâîãî òèñÿ÷îë³òòÿ ó

company LLC «Sperko-Ukraine»,woodworking enterprise – «Barlinek»and fruit and vegetable – «Agrana Fruit-Ukraine» are trying to keep up with theleaders. These plants appeared due toforeign investments. At the beginning

Àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíà áóä³âëÿ íà âóë. Õìåëüíèöüêå øîñåAdministrative building on the street Khmelnytsky Highway

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³ííèö³ ðîçïî÷àëîñÿ ãðàíä³îçíå áóä³â-íèöòâî, âíàñë³äîê ÷îãî ïîñòàâ ñó÷àñ-íèé æèòëîâèé ì³êðîðàéîí «Ïîä³ëëÿ».

ßêùî ïåðåîð³ºíòàö³ÿ íà ðèíêîâ³óìîâè ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ ïðèìóñèëàâ³äìîâèòèñÿ â³ä îêðåìèõ íàïðÿìê³ââèðîáíèöòâà, òî ³íø³ íàáèðàëè ðîç-âèòêó. Âíàñë³äîê ë³êâ³äàö³¿ ãàëóç³ ìà-øèíîáóäóâàííÿ â ì³ñò³ ïîë³ïøèëàñÿåêîëîã³ÿ.

Ñó÷àñíà ³ííèöÿ – ÿê³ñíîâ³äð³çíÿºòüñÿ â³ä ò³º¿, ÿêó ùå ïàì’ÿ-òàþòü ëþäè ñòàðøîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ. Çêîæíèì ðîêîì ì³ñòî íàáóâຠâñåá³ëüøèõ îçíàê ºâðîïåéñüêîñò³. Âîíîâïåðøå ñåðåä îáëàñíèõ öåíòð³â çà-äåêëàðóâàëî øëÿõ äî ªâðîïè.

Ñó÷àñíà ³ííèöÿ – öå ñâîÿ ³ñòî-ð³ÿ, êóëüòóðà, ìåíòàëüí³ñòü. Õ³áàìîæíà íå ëþáèòè ³ííèöþ, äå ÷è íåíàéá³ëüøå ôîíòàí³â ð³çíî¿ êðàñè, à

of the new millennium in Vinnytsia begana grand construction, which brought amodern residential microdistrict«Podillya».

If the reorientation to marketconditions of economic managementforced to abandon certain directions ofproduction, while other directions gaineddevelopment. Due to liquidation ofmechanical engineering environmentalconditions were improved in the city.

Modern Vinnytsia – is qualitativelydifferent from that city which the oldergeneration still remembers. Every yearthe city gains more and more signs ofEuropean city. It was the first amongthe regional centers which declared theway to Europe.

Modern Vinnytsia – is its ownhistory, culture and mentality. How canyou not love Vinnytsia, where there is

Òîðãîâåëüíî-ðîçâàæàëüíèé êîìïëåêñ íà âóë. ÏèðîãîâàShopping and entertainment complex on the street Pirogov

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ñâ³òëîìóçè÷íèé, çáóäîâàíèé íà êîø-òè Ïåòðà Ïîðîøåíêà, íàéîðèã³íàëü-í³øèé ó ñâ³ò³?

Ñó÷àñíà ³ííèöÿ – íå ïàòð³àð-õàëüíå ì³ñòî, à êóëüòóðíèé ³ íàóêî-âèé öåíòð. ×îãî âàðò³ â÷åí³ Â³ííèöü-êîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî òåõí³÷íîãî óí³-âåðñèòåòó, ÿê³ â ñôåð³ íàíîòåõíîëîã³éïë³äíî ïðàöþþòü íàð³âí³ ³ç àìåðè-êàíñüêèìè íàóêîâöÿìè. Öåé çàêëàäòðèâàëèé ÷àñ î÷îëþâàâ àêàäåì³ê Íà-ö³îíàëüíî¿ àêàäå쳿 íàóê Óêðà¿íè Á.Ìîê³í. Âàðòî çàçíà÷èòè, ùî ñòóäåí-òè ÂÍÒÓ ùîðîêó çäîáóâàþòü ïðå-ñòèæí³ ì³æíàðîäí³ ïðå쳿 òà îòðèìó-þòü ãðàíäè íàéêðàùèõ óí³âåðñèòåò³âñâ³òó. Íå â³äñòàþòü ¿õí³ êîëåãè ³ç íà-ö³îíàëüíîãî ³ííèöüêîãî ìåäè÷íîãîóí³âåðñèòåòó ³ìåí³ Ì. Ïèðîãîâà, äåçäîáóâàþòü ÿê³ñíó îñâ³òó ñòóäåíòè çÓêðà¿íè ³ êðà¿í Àôðèêè òà À糿. Î÷î-

the greatest number of fountains ofvarious beauty and light-music one,built for funds of Petro Poroshenko isthe most original in the world?

Modern Vinnytsia – is not apatriarchal city, but a cultural andscientific center. Special attention shouldbe paid to scientists of Vinnytsia NationalTechnical University who work effectivelyand equally along with Americanscientists in the field ofnanotechnologies. This institution for along time was headed by B. Mokin, anAcademician of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine. It should be notedthat students of VNTU annually getprestigious international awards andreceive grants of the best universities inthe world. Their colleagues from PyrogovMemorial Vinnytsia National MedicalUniversity don’t fall behind, where

Òîðãîâåëüíî-ñåðâ³ñíèé êîìïëåêñ "Ìàã³ãðàíä"Trade and service complex "Magigrand"

Òîðãîâåëüíî-ðîçâàæàëüíèé êîìïëåêñ «Ôåð³äå-Ïëàçà»Shopping and entertainment complex "Feride Plaza"

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Âóë. ÃðóøåâñüêîãîGrushevskogo street

Òåàòðàëüíà ïëîùàTheatre Square

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Ïðîñïåêò Þíîñò³Avenue Youth

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ìàëüîâíè÷àpicturesque

ëþº çàêëàä îäèí ³ç ïåðøèõ Ãåðî¿âÓêðà¿íè, äîêòîð ìåäè÷íèõ íàóê Â.Ìîðîç. À â ÿê³é êðà¿í³ ñâ³òó íå çíà-þòü äèòÿ÷èé òàíöþâàëüíèé àíñàìáëü«Áàðâ³íîê», ³ííèöüêèé àêàäåì³÷íèéì³ñüêèé õîð «Â³ííèöÿ» ³ êàìåðíèéîðêåñòð «Àðêàòà»? Íà âèñîêîìó ð³âí³ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ìàéñòåðíîñò³ ïðàöþþòüòâîð÷³ êîëåêòèâè ³ííèöüêèõ àêàäå-ì³÷íèõ òåàòð³â – ëÿëüêîâîãî òà ìó-çè÷íî-äðàìàòè÷íîãî ³ìåí³ Ì. Ñà-

students from Ukraine and the countriesof Africa and Asia get high-qualityeducation. The university is headed byone of the first Heroes of Ukraine, Doctorof medicine V. Moroz. And who in theworld does not know the children’s danceensemble «Barvinok», Vinnytsia CityAcademic Choir «Vinnytsia» andChamber Orchestra «Arkata»? Creativeteams of Vinnytsia Academic Theaters– Puppet Show and Music and Drama

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Âèøåíüñüêå îçåðîVyshenske lake

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äîâñüêîãî. Îêðåì³ âèñòàâè ìàéñòð³âñöåíè ââàæàþòüñÿ êëàñèêîþ ³ââ³éøëè â çîëîòèé ôîíä òåàòðàëüíî-ãî ìèñòåöòâà. Îñîáëèâî ïë³äíî òðó-äèòüñÿ â³äîìèé ðåæèñåð, íàðîäíèéàðòèñò Óêðà¿íè Â. Ñåëåçíüîâ. Ùå º ó³ííèö³ ³ñòîðè÷íå ì³ñöå – Ìóðè. Ïðîòåäàâíº ì³ñòî çáåð³ãຠîäíó òàºìíèöþ,êîòðó àðõåîëîãè òà íàóêîâö³ íàìàãà-þòüñÿ íå àô³øóâàòè – öå ï³äçåìí³õîäè.

Çà ðîêè íåçàëåæíîñò³ îáëàñíèéöåíòð ïðîñëàâèëè òàê³ ñïîðòñìåíè –ïðèçåðè ÷åìï³îíàò³â ñâ³òó, ªâðîïè òàÎë³ìï³éñüêèõ ³ãîð, ÿê áàãàòîáîðåöüÍ. Äîáðèíñüêà, áîêñåð Â. Óçºëêîâ,âåëîãîíùèê Ñ. ×åðíÿâñüêèé, âåñëó-âàëüíèöÿ Ð. Îñèïåíêî-Ðàäîìñüêà òà÷èìàëî ³íøèõ. Ñë³ä ñêàçàòè, ùîâ³ííèöüêà õîêåéíà êîìàíäà íà òðà⳺ áàçîâîþ äëÿ çá³ðíî¿ Óêðà¿íè.À ùåîáëàñíèé öåíòð ìîæå ïîõâàëèòèñÿàâòîäðîìîì íàéâèùî¿ ñêëàäíîñò³«Â³õîëà».

³ííèöÿ â³äîìà äàëåêî çà ìåæà-ìè äåðæàâè çàâäÿêè ïàðòíåðñüêèìñòîñóíêàì ç Ïîëüùåþ, Ôðàíö³ºþ, Âå-ëèêîþ Áðèòàí³ºþ òà ͳìå÷÷èíîþ,ï³äòðèìóº íàïðî÷óä äðóæí³ ñòîñóíêèç Ìîëäîâîþ òà Ðóìóí³ºþ.

Ïðîòÿãîì îñòàíí³õ ðîê³â ó ì³ñò³÷èìàëî êîøò³â âêëàäåíî ó ñîö³àëüíóñôåðó. Íèí³ ìåøêàíö³ ïèøàþòüñÿíàéêðàùèìè äîðîãàìè. Òóò âïåðøå âÓêðà¿í³ ïðîêëàäåíî âåëîñèïåäí³ äî-ð³æêè, ôóíêö³îíóº òðàíñïîðò äëÿ³íâàë³ä³â-â³çî÷íèê³â. Ïðèºìíî äèâóºîðèã³íàëüíå îçåëåíåííÿ öåíòðàëüíî¿÷àñòèíè ì³ñòà òà ñòèë³çîâàí³ âêàç³â-íèêè çíàêîâèõ ì³ñöü. Âïåðøå â Óê-ðà¿í³ äî ïîñëóã ì³ñüêèõ æèòåë³ââ³äêðèòî ïðîçîð³ îô³ñè. Ðóõàþ÷èñü äîªâðîïè, ³ííèöÿ çíîâó æ òàêè, ïåð-øîþ â Óêðà¿í³, âçÿëàñÿ çà âïðîâàä-æåííÿ àëüòåðíàòèâíèõ âèä³â ïàëèâà³ íèí³ º ë³äåðîì ç åêîíî쳿 ïðèðîäíî-ãî ãàçó.  ì³ñò³ ïðåäñòàâëåí³

Theater named after M. Sadovskyi, workat a high level of professional skills. Someperformances of stage artists areconsidered to be classics and enteredthe golden fund of theatrical art. Afamous stage Director, People’s Artist ofUkraine V. Seleznev works especiallyfruitfully. There is also a historical placein Vinnytsia city – the Walls. However,the ancient city keeps one secret, whicharchaeologists and scientists are tryingnot to advertise – these are undergroundtunnels.

Since independence, the regionalcenter was made famous by suchathletes – winners of the WorldChampionship, Europe and OlympicGames, as all-round athlete N.Dobrynska, boxer V. Uzelkov, racingcyclist S. Chernyavskyi, oarswoman R.Osypenko-Radomska and many others.We should note that Vinnytsia fieldhockey team is the base for the nationalteam of Ukraine. Moreover the regionalcenter can boast of automobile racetrackof the highest complexity «Vikhola.»

Vinnytsia is known far outside theboundaries of the country due topartnership relations with Poland,France, Great Britain and Germany, andsupports wonderfully friendly relationswith Moldova and Romania.

In recent years, a lot of money wasinvested in the social sphere. Nowresidents are proud of the best roads.For the first time in Ukraine we have bikepaths, and functions transport fordisabled persons on wheelchairs. You willbe pleasantly surprised by the originallandscaping of the central part of thecity, stylized signs of significant places.For the first time in Ukraine transparentoffices are opened for the services of cityresidents. Moving to Europe, Vinnytsiaagain was first in Ukraine to introducealternative fuels and today is a leader innatural gas saving. The largest trading

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íàéá³ëüø³ òîðãîâåëüí³ êîìïàí³¿ òàáàíêè. Îäíèì ³ç ïîçèòèâíèõ ïîêàç-íèê³â ó ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîìó ðîç-âèòêó ñòàëî òå, ùî ó ³ííèö³ ñâîºð³ä-íèé áåá³-áóì. Äëÿ íàéìåíøèõ ìåø-êàíö³â â îáëàñíîìó öåíòð³ ïîáóäîâà-íî ÷èìàëî äóæå ãàðíèõ äèòÿ÷èõ ìàé-äàí÷èê³â. Òåïåð³øíÿ ³ííèöÿ – ì³ñòîìîëîäèõ. Äî ïîñëóã éîãî æèòåë³â ñó-÷àñí³ ìåäè÷í³ çàêëàäè, ñòàä³îíè, ëüî-äîâ³ ïàëàöè, áàñåéíè òà àêâàïàðêè.

Ãîñò³ ç-çà êîðäîíó âèçíàþòü, ùî³ñòîðè÷íà ÷àñòèíà îáëàñíîãî öåíòðó,çàâäÿêè çáåðåæåí³é àðõ³òåêòóð³, äóæåñõîæà íà ì³ñòà öåíòðàëüíî¿ ªâðîïè.Ùå òóðèñòè íåîäì³ííî â³äâ³äóþòüóñèïàëüíèöþ õ³ðóðãà Ì. Ïèðîãîâà,áóâàþòü ó êðàºçíàâ÷îìó òà õóäîæ-íüîìó ìóçåÿõ. Çðåøòîþ, ö³êàâîþ îê-ðàñîþ ñòàëà ªâðîïåéñüêà ïëîùà ³çîðèã³íàëüíèì ñèìâîëîì – âîäîíàï³ð-íîþ âåæåþ. Ç ïðèºìíèõ ñþðïðèç³âñüîãîäåííÿ ñë³ä â³äçíà÷èòè â³äêðèò-òÿ ïëîù³ ³ ïàì’ÿòíèêà Òàðàñà Øåâ-÷åíêà íà ðåêîíñòðóéîâàí³é òåðèòîð³¿á³ëÿ ³ííèöüêîãî îáëàñíîãî êðàº-çíàâ÷îãî ìóçåþ. Áåç ïåðåá³ëüøåííÿ,öåíòðàëüíèì ì³ñöåì äëÿ âñ³õ ì³ñòÿíº ïëîùà Ãåðî¿â Íåáåñíî¿ ñîòí³. ßê-ðàç òóò ïðîâîäÿòüñÿ áàãàòîòèñÿ÷í³íàðîäí³ â³÷à. Îäíàê íàéá³ëüøèì áà-ãàòñòâîì ³ííèö³ º ëþäè-òðóäàð³, ÿê³ñàì³ âèçíà÷àþòü ñâîþ äîëþ, äîëþñâîãî êðàþ...

Ìè ïèøàºìîñÿïåðëèíîþ Ïîä³ëëÿ –

ì³ñòîì ³ííèöÿ!

companies and banks are representedin the city. One of the positive indicatorsof socio-economic development was thefact that in Vinnytsia there is a peculiarbaby boom. For the smallest residentsof the regional center there are manyhigh quality playgrounds. PresentVinnytsia – is the city of youth. It offersits residents modern medical facilities,stadiums, ice rinks, swimming pools andwater parks.

Guests from abroad recognize thatthe historical part of the regional center,thanks to the preserved architecture,much like the cities of the CentralEurope. Besides tourists certainly visitthe table-tomb of surgeon M.Pyrogov,and local history and art museums.Finally, an interesting decorationbecame the European square with anoriginal symbol – water tower. Amongpleasant surprises of present time weshould mention the opening of squareand the monument to TarasShevchenko on the reconstructedterritory near Vinnytsia RegionalHistory Museum. Without exaggeration,the central place for all the citizens isthe square of Heroes of the HeavenlyHundred. Just here public meetings ofmany thousands are held. However, thegreatest wealth of Vinnytsia is people-workers, who themselves decide ontheir fate and the fate of their land...

We are proudof the pearl of Podillya –

Vinnytsia city!

Ïîãëÿä íà ì³ñòî ç òåëåâåæ³The view of the city from the TV tower

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Õóäîæíº âèäàííÿ

²ÍÍÈÖß – Ñ²Ì ÑÒÎ˲ÒÜ

Ôîòîàëüáîì

Ðåäàêòîð – Â³êòîð Ãîðàø

Ôîòîõóäîæíèê – Îëåêñàíäð Ãîð䳺âè÷

Äèçàéí – ²ãîð Ïåòðîâñüêèé

Ïåðåêëàä àíãë³éñüêîþ – Îëåíà Ðîìàíåíêî

Ñâ³äîöòâî ïðî âíåñåííÿ ñóá’ºêòà âèäàâíè÷î¿ ñïðàâè

äî Äåðæàâíîãî ðåºñòðó âèäàâö³â

ñåð³ÿ ÄÊ ¹ 1539 â³ä 23.10.2003 ð.

ϳäïèñàíî äî äðóêó 12.05.2015.Ôîðìàò 70õ1001/16. Ïàï³ð êðåéäîâàíèé 115 ã/ì2.

Ãàðí³òóðà Verdana. Äðóê îôñåòíèé.Óìîâ. äðóê. àðê. 7,78.

Òèðàæ – 1000 åêç.

ÒΠ«Êîíñîëü»,21027, ì. ³ííèöÿ, âóë. ×åõîâà, 12-À

Òåë. (0432) 64-04-64, 26-54-54