vè;k; 10 dkuwu vksj lkekftd u;k;...fd iwjk dejk li+ksqn èkq¡, ls hkjk gqvk fkka eq>s yksxksa...

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 120

vè;k; 10

D;k vkidks d{kk 7 dk ̂ ck”kkj esa ,d deh”k* vè;k; ;kn gS\ogk¡ geus ns[kk Fkk fd ck”kkjksa dh Ük`a[kyk fdl rjg diklmRikndksa dks lqij ck”kkj esa deh”k [kjhnus okys xzkgd ls tksM+nsrh gSA bl Ük`a[kyk esa gj eksM+ ij Ø;&foØ; py jgk FkkA

dikl iSnk djus okyk NksVk fdlku] bZjksM osQ cqudj ;k diM+kfu;kZr dkj[kkus osQ e”knwj deh”k osQ mRiknu esa çR;{k ;kvçR;{k :i ls 'kkfey cgqr lkjs yksx ck”kkj esa 'kks"k.k dkf'kdkj gksrs gSaA muosQ lkFk mfpr crkZo ugha gksrkA ck”kkj esa gjtxg yksxksa osQ 'kks"k.k dh laHkkouk cuh jgrh gS] pkgs os e”knwjgksa] miHkksDrk gksa ;k mRiknd gksaA

yksxksa dks bl rjg osQ 'kks"k.k ls cpkus osQ fy, ljdkj oqQN dkuwucukrh gSA bu dkuwuksa osQ ”kfj, bl ckr dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gSfd cktkj esa vuqfpr rkSj&rjhdksa ij vaoqQ'k yxk;k tk,A

dkuwu vkSj lkekftd U;k;

2019-20

121

U;wure osru osQ fy, dkuwu dh”k:jr D;ksa iM+rh gS\

irk yxk,¡&

(d) vkiosQ jkT; esa fuekZ.ke”knwjksa osQ fy, r; U;wure osruD;k gS\

([k) D;k vkidks fuekZ.k e”knwjksaosQ fy, r; U;wure osru lgh] de;k ”;knk yxrk gS\

(x) U;wure osru dkSu r;djrk gS\

dkuwu v

kSj l

kekftd

U;k;

vgenkckn osQ ,d diM+k fey esa dkedjrs e”knwjA fctyh ls pyus okys dj?kksaosQ lkFk c<+rh çfrLièkkZ osQ dkj.k 1980vkSj 1990 osQ n'kdksa esa ”;knkrj diM+kfey can gks x, FksA ikojywe fctyh lspyus okys dj?kksa dks dgrs gSaA ;g 4&6dj?kksa dh NksVh bdkbZ gSA bu dj?kksa osQekfyd [kqn mu ij dke djrs gSa vkSjifjokj osQ yksxksa osQ lkFk ckgj osQ Jfedksadks Hkh dke esa yxkrs gSaA ;g tkuh gqbZ ckrgS fd fctyh ls pyus okys dj?kksa esadk;ZfLFkfr;k¡ cgqr [kjkc gksrh gSaA

vkb, ck”kkj dh ,d vke fLFkfr dks ns[ksa ftlesa dkuwu cgqrek;us j[krk gSA elyk e”knwjksa osQ esgurkuk dk gSA futhoaQifu;k¡] BsosQnkj] dkjksckjh yksx vkerkSj ij ”;knk ls ”;knkequkI+kQk dekus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA equkI+ksQ dh pkg esa dbZ ckjos e”knwjksa dks mudk gd ugha nsrs vkSj dbZ ckj rks mudkesgurkuk rd ugha nsrsA e”knwjksa dks muoQk esgurkuk u nsukdkuwu dh u”kj esa xSj&dkuwuh ;k xyr gSA e”knwjksa dks esgurkukde u feys ;k mudks okftc esgurkuk feys] bl ckr dkslqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, U;wure osru dk Hkh ,d dkuwu cuk;kx;k gSA bl dkuwu osQ rgr fdlh Hkh e”knwj dks U;wure osruls de e”knwjh ugha nh ldrhA U;wure osru esa gj oqQN lkyesa c<+ksrjh dj nh tkrh gSA

ftl rjg e”knwjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djus osQ fy, U;wure osrudk dkuwu cuk;k x;k gS mlh rjg ck”kkj esa mRikndksa vkSjmiHkksDrkvksa osQ fgrksa dh j{kk djus osQ fy, Hkh dkuwu cuk,x, gSaA bu dkuwuksa osQ ”kfj, e”knwj] miHkksDrk vkSj mRikndrhuksa osQ lacaèkksa dks bl rjg lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS fd muesals fdlh dk 'kks"k.k u gksA

vè;k; 10% dkuwu vkSj lkekftd U;k;

2019-20


rkfydk la[;k 1 esa fofHkUu i{kksa dh lqj{kk ls lacafèkr oqQN egÙoiw.kZ dkuwu fn, x, gSaA mlesa esa fn, x,dkWye (2) vkSj (3) esa crk;k x;k gS fd ;s dkuwu D;ksa vkSj fdlosQ fy, ”k:jh gSaA d{kk esa ppkZ osQvkèkkj ij bl rkfydk osQ [kkyh [kkuksa dks HkjsaA

dkuwu

U;wure esgurkuk dkuwuAblesa ;g fuf'pr fd;kx;k gS fd fdlh dk Hkhesgurkuk ,d fu/kZfjrU;wure jkf'k ls de ughagksuk pkfg,A

dk;ZLFky ij i;kZIr lqj{kkO;oLFkk dk bar”kke djusokys dkuwuA mnkgj.k osQfy,] psrkouh vykeZ]vkikrdkyhu }kj vkfn lgh<ax ls dke dj jgs gksaA

ph”kksa dh xq.koÙkk fu/kZfjrekudksa osQ vuq:i gksuhpkfg, ;g crkus okysdkuwuA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]fo|qr midj.k lqj{kk ekudksaosQ vuq:i gksus pkfg,A

”k:jh ph”kksa tSls phuh]feV~Vh dk rsy] vukt vkfndh dherksa dks fu;a=k.k esaj[kus okys dkuwuA

,sls dkuwu tks iSQfDVª;ksa dksgok ;k ikuh esa çnw"k.kiSQykus ls jksdrs gSaA

dk;ZLFky ij cky e”knwjhdks jksdus okys dkuwuA

e”knwj ;wfu;u@laxBu cukusls lacafèkr dkuwu

rkfydk 1bldh ”k:jr D;ksa gS\

cgqr lkjs e”knwjksa dks muosQ ekfydlgh esgurkuk ugha nsrsA pw¡fde”knwjksa dks dke dh ”k:jr gksrhgS] blfy, os lkSnsckth Hkh ugha djikrs vkSj cgqr de e”knwjh ij ghdke djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA

fo|qr midj.kksa] Hkkstu] nokbZ vkfndh [kjkc xq.koÙkk osQ dkj.kmiHkksDrkvksa dk thou [krjs esa iM+ldrk gSA

;wfu;uksa esa laxfBr gksdj e”knwjviuh la;qDr rkdr osQ lgkjs lghosru vkSj csgrj dk;ZfLFkfr;ksa osQfy, vkokt mBk ldrs gSaA

;g dkuwu fdlosQ fgr esa gS\

;g dkuwu lkjs e”knwjksa] [kklrkSj ls [ksre”knwjksa] fuekZ.k e”knwjksa] iSQDVªh e”knwjksa]?kjsyw ukSdjksa vkfn osQ fgrksa dh j{kk osQfy, cuk;k x;k gSA

,sls xjhcksa osQ fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy,tks fd bu ph”kksa dh Hkkjh dher oguugha dj ldrsA

2019-20

123

lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ eqrkfcd Hkkjr esa 5 ls 14 lky dh mez osQ40 yk[k ls -T;knk cPps fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa ukSdjh djrs gSaA buesa ls cgqrlkjs cPps [krjukd O;olk;ksa esa gSaA 2016 esa laln us cky Je (izfr"ks/,oa fofu;eu) vf/fu;e] 1986 esa ;g la'kks/u fd;k gS fd 14 o"kZ lsde vk;q osQ cPpksa osQ lHkh O;olk;ksa esa rFkk fd'kksjksa (14&18 o"kZ) osQtksf[kedkjh O;olk;ksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa esa fu;kstu djus ij izfrca/ gSA cPpksa;k fd'kksjksa osQ fu;kstu dks vc ,d laKs; vijk/ cuk fn;k x;k gSA2017 esa] ,d vkWuykbu iksVZy] https://pencil.gov.in] IysV-iQkWeZ -iQkWjb-isQfDVo bu-iQkslZesaV -iQkWj uks pkbYM yscj (isafly) izkjaHk gqvk gSA ;g iksVZyf'kdk;rsa ntZ djkus] pkbYM VsªfoaQx rFkk jk"Vªh; cky Je ifj;kstuk(,ulh,yih) osQ dk;kZUo;u ,oa ekWuhVfjax osQ fy, gSA


dkuwu cuk nsuk gh dkiQh ugha gksrkA ljdkj dks ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djukgksrk gS fd dkuwuksa dks ykxw fd;k tk,A bldk eryc ;g gS fd dkuwudks ykxw fd;k tkuk cgqr ”k:jh gksrk gSA tc dksbZ dkuwu rkdroj yksxksals de”kksj yksxksa dh j{kk osQ fy, cuk;k tkrk gS rks mldks ykxw djukvkSj Hkh egÙoiw.kZ cu tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] çR;sd e”knwj dks lghosru feys] ;g lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, ljdkj dks dk;ZLFkyksa dkfu;fer :i ls fujh{k.k djuk pkfg, vkSj vxj dksbZ dkuwu dk mYya?kudjrk gS rks mldks l”kk nsuh pkfg,A vxj e”knwj xjhc ;k 'kfDrghu gSrks vkenuh x¡okus ;k cnys dh dkjZokbZ osQ Mj ls og de osru ij Hkhdke djus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSA ekfyd Hkh bl ckr dks vPNh rjgle>rs gSaA os viuh rkdr dk bLrseky djrs gSa rkfd e”knwjksa ls de iSlsesa dke djk;k tk losQA ,slh lwjr esa ;g cgqr ”k:jh gksrk gS fd lacafèkrdkuwuksa dks vPNh rjg ykxw fd;k tk,A

bu dkuwuksa dks cukus] ykxw djus vkSj dk;e j[kus osQ fy, ljdkjO;fDr;ksa ;k futh oaQifu;ksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks fu;af=kr dj ldrh gSrkfd lkekftd U;k; lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQA buesa ls cgqr lkjs dkuwuksadk tUe Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa fn, x, ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ls gqvk gSAmnkgj.k osQ fy,] 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr osQ vfèkdkj dk vFkZ gS fd fdlh dksHkh de esgurkuk ij dke djus ;k caèkqvk e”knwj osQ rkSj ij dke djusosQ fy, etcwj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lafoèkku esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gSfd 14 lky ls de mez osQ fdlh Hkh cPps dks fdlh dkj[kkus ;k [knku;k fdlh vU; [krjukd O;olk; esa dke ij ugha j[kk tk,xkA

O;ogkj esa ;s dkuwu fdl rjg lkeus vkrs gSa\ ;s dkuwu lkekftdU;k; dh fparkvksa dks fdl gn rd lacksfèkr djrs gSa\ bl vè;k;esa ge ,sls gh oqQN lokyksa dh iM+rky djsaxsA

2019-20


rhu fnu osQ Hkhrj 8]000 ls ”;knk yksxekSr osQ eq¡g esa pys x,A yk[kksa yksxx¡Hkhj :i ls çHkkfor gq,A

”kgjhyh xSl osQ laioZQ esa vkus okys ”;knkrj yksx xjhc dkedkth ifjokjksa osQ yksx FksA muesa lsyxHkx 50]000 yksx vkt Hkh brus chekj gSa fd oqQN dke ugha dj ldrsA tks yksx bl xSl osQvlj esa vkus osQ ckotwn ftank jg x, muesa ls cgqr lkjs yksx xaHkhj 'okl fodkjksa] vk¡[k dhchekfj;ksa vkSj vU; leL;kvksa ls ihfM+r gSaA cPpksa esa vthcks&xjhc foo`Qfr;k¡ iSnk gks jgh gSaA blfp=k esa fn[kkbZ ns jgh yM+dh bl ckr dk mnkgj.k gSA

24 lky igys Hkksiky esa nqfu;k dh lcls Hkh"k.k vkS|ksfxd =kklnh gqb± Hkksiky esa ;wfu;u dkckZbM uked vesfjdh oaQiuh dk dkj[kkukFkk ftlesa dhVuk'kd cuk, tkrs FksA 2 fnlacj 1984 dks jkr osQ 2 cts ;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ blh la;a=k ls feFkkby vkblkslkbukbM (fed)xSl fjlus yxhA ;g csgn ”kgjhyh xSl gksrh gS---A

bl nq?kZVuk dh pisV esa vkus okyh vt+ht+k lqYrku %¶rdjhcu 12-30 cts eq>s vius cPps dh rs”k [kk¡lh dhvkokt lqukbZ nhA dejs esa gYdh lh jks'kuh FkhA eSaus ns[kkfd iwjk dejk lI+ksQn èkq¡, ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA eq>s yksxksa dhph[kus dh vkok”ksa lqukbZ nhaA lc dg jgs Fks] ^Hkkxks] Hkkxks*AblosQ ckn eq>s Hkh [kk¡lh vkus yxhA yxrk Fkk tSls eSa vkxesa lk¡l ys jgh gw¡A vk¡[ksa cqjh rjg tyus yxhaA

lkewfgd vafre laLdkj

xSl ls cqjh rjg çHkkfor ,d cPpk

vxyh lqcg

Hkksiky xSl =kklnh

2019-20

125

;g rckgh dksbZ nq?kZVuk ugha FkhA ;wfu;u dkckZbM us iSlkcpkus osQ fy, lqj{kk mik;ksa dks tkucw>dj u”kjvank”kfd;k FkkA 2 fnlacj dh =kklnh ls cgqr igys Hkh dkj[kkusesa xSl dk fjlko gks pqdk FkkA bu ?kVukvksa esa ,d e”knwjdh ekSr gqbZ Fkh tcfd cgqr lkjs ?kk;y gq, FksA

lcwrksa ls iwjh rjg lkI+kQ Fkk fd bl egkfouk'k osQ fy, ;wfu;udkckZbM gh nks"kh gS] ysfdu oaQiuh us viuh xyrh ekuus ls budkjdj fn;kA

blosQ ckn 'kq: gqbZ dkuwuh yM+kbZ esa ihfM+rksa dh vksj ls ljdkj us;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ f[kykI+kQ nhokuh eqdnek nk;j dj fn;kA 1985esa ljdkj us 3 vjc MkWyj dk eqvkotk ek¡xk Fkk] ysfdu 1989 esaosQoy 47 djksM+ MkWyj osQ eqvkots ij viuh lgefr ns nhA bl=kklnh ls thfor cp fudyus okys yksxksa us bl I+kSQlys osQ f[kykI+kQloksZPp U;k;ky; esa vihy dh] exj loksZPp U;k;ky; us Hkh blI+kSQlys esa dksbZ cnyko ugha fd;kA

24 lky ckn Hkh yksx U;k; osQ fy, la?k"kZ dj jgs gSaA os ihus osQ lkiQ ikuh] LokLF;lqfoèkkvksa vkSj ;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ tgj ls xzLr yksxksa osQ fy, ukSdfj;ksa dh ek¡xdj jgs gSaA mUgksaus ;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ ps;jeSu ,aMjlu dks l”kk fnykus osQ fy,Hkh vkanksyu pyk;k gSA

balkiQ dh yM+kbZ vHkh tkjh gS---A

;wfu;u dkckZbM us dkj[kkuk rks can dj fn;k] ysfdu Hkkjh ek=kk esafo"kSys jlk;u ogha NksM+ fn,A ;s jlk;u fjl&fjl dj ”kehu esa tkjgs gSa ftlls ogk¡ dk ikuh nwf"kr gks jgk gSA vc ;g la;a=k MkvksoSQfedy uked oaQiuh osQ dC”ks esa gS tks bldh lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ dkftEek mBkus dks rS;kj ugha gSA

;wfu;u dkckZbM la;a=k osQ bnZ&fxnZ fc[kjs iM+s jlk;uksa osQ cksjs

xSl jkgr ea=kh ls ckr djrs xSl ihfM+rA

;wfu;u dkckZbM deZpkjh ;wfu;u osQ lnL;ksa dk vkanksyu

2019-20


,d e”knwj dh dher D;k gksrh gS\

vxj vki Hkksiky osQ egkfouk'k dh otgksa dks le>uk pkgrs gSa rkslcls igys ;g tkuuk iM+sxk fd ;wfu;u dkckZbM us Hkkjr esa ghviuk dkj[kkuk D;ksa [kksykA

fons'kh oaQifu;ksa osQ Hkkjr vkus dk ,d dkj.k ;gk¡ dk lLrk Je gSAvxj ;s oaQifu;k¡ vesfjdk ;k fdlh vkSj fodflr ns'k esa dke djsarks mUgsa Hkkjr tSls xjhc ns'kksa osQ e”knwjksa osQ eqdkcys ogk¡ osQ e”knwjksadks ”;knk osru nsuk iM+sxkA Hkkjr esa u osQoy os de dher ij dkedjok ldrh gSa] cfYd ;gk¡ osQ e”knwj ”;knk ?kaVksa rd Hkh dke djldrs gSaA ;gk¡ e”knwjksa osQ fy, vkokl tSlh nwljh ph”kksa ij Hkh [kpsZdh ”;knk ”k:jr ugha gksrhA bl rjg ;s oaQifu;k¡ ;gk¡ de ykxr ij”;knk equkI+kQk dek ldrh gSaA

ykxr esa dVkSrh osQ rjhosQ blls [krjukd Hkh gks ldrs gSaA ykxr esadeh ykus osQ fy, lqj{kk mik;ksa dh vdlj vuns[kh dh tkrh gSA;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ dkj[kkus esa ,d Hkh lqj{kk midj.k ;k rks lgh<ax ls dke ugha dj jgk Fkk ;k mudh la[;k de FkhA 1980 ls1984 osQ chp fed la;a=k osQ dkexkjksa osQ ny dh la[;k 12 ls?kVkdj 6 dh tk pqdh FkhA e”knwjksa osQ fy, lqj{kk çf'k{k.k dhvofèk rks 6 eghus ls ?kVk dj osQoy 15 fnu dj nh xbZ Fkh! feddkj[kkus osQ fy, jkr dh ikyh osQ e”knwj dk in gh [kRe dj fn;kx;k FkkA

;wfu;u dkckZbM osQ Hkksiky vkSj vesfjdh la;a=kksa esa lqj{kk O;oLFkk esaI+kQoZQ tkuus osQ fy, uhps i<+sa&

¶if'pe othZfu;k (vesfjdk) esa oaQI;wVjho`Qr psrkouh vkSj fuxjkuhO;oLFkk ekStwn FkhA Hkksiky osQ ;wfu;u dkckZbM dkj[kkus esa xSl osQfjlko osQ fy, osQoy e”knwjksa osQ vank”ks osQ lgkjs dke pyk;k tkrkFkkA if'pe othZfu;k esa [krjk iSnk gksus ij yksxksa dks lqjf{kr LFkkuksaij ys tkus dh O;oLFkk ekStwn Fkh] tcfd Hkksiky esa ,slk oqQN ughaFkkA¸

vyx&vyx ns'kksa osQ chp lqj{kk ekudksa esa brus Hkkjh I+kQoZQ D;ksa gSa\vkSj nq?kZVuk gks tkus osQ ckn ihfM+rksa dks bruk ekewyh eqvko”kk D;ksafn;k tk jgk gS\

bl ckr dk tokc ;g gS fd Hkkjrh; e”knwj dk eksy vHkh Hkh”;knk ugha ekuk tkrkA ,d e”knwj tkrk gS rks I+kQkSju mldh txg

fuekZ.k LFkyksa ij nq?kZVuk,¡ vke gSaA blosQckotwn lqj{kk midj.kksa vkSj vU; lkoèkkfu;ksadks vdlj u”kjvank”k dj fn;k tkrk gSA

2019-20

127

nwljk fey ldrk gSA gekjs ;gk¡ csjks”kxkjh bruh ”;knk gS fd FkksM+hlh ru[okg osQ cnys u tkus fdrus yksx vlqjf{kr fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkhdke djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA e”knwjksa dh bl de”kksjh dk iQk;nkmBkdj ekfyd dk;ZLFky ij lqj{kk dh f”kEesnkjh ls cp tkrs gSaAbl rjg Hkksiky xSl =kklnh osQ brus lkyksa ckn Hkh ekfydksa osQ ccZjjoS;s osQ dkj.k fuekZ.k LFkyksa] [knkuksa ;k dkj[kkuksa esa nq?kZVuk dh[kcjsa gj jks”k vkrh jgrh gSaA

lqj{kk dkuwuksa dk fozQ;kUo;u

dkuwu cukus vkSj ykxw djus okyh laLFkk osQ ukrs ;g lqfuf'pr djukljdkj dh f”kEesnkjh gS fd lqj{kk dkuwuksa dks lgh <ax ls ykxw fd;ktk,A ljdkj dks bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fdvuqPNsn 21 esa fn, x, thou osQ vfèkdkj dk mYya?ku u gksA tc;wfu;u dkckZbM la;a=k esa lqj{kk ekudksa dh bl rjg [kqys vkevogsyuk gks jgh Fkh rks ljdkj D;k dj jgh Fkh\

igyh ckr] Hkkjr esa lqj{kk dkuwu <hys FksA nwljk] mu de”kksj lqj{kkdkuwuksa dks Hkh Bhd ls ykxw ugha fd;k tk jgk FkkA

ljdkjh vI+kQlj bl dkj[kkus dks [krjukd dkj[kkuksa dh Js.kh esaj[kus dks Hkh rS;kj ugha FksA bl dkj[kkus dks ?kuh vkcknh okys bykosQesa [kksyus ij mUgsaus dksbZ ,srjkt ugha fd;kA tc Hkksiky osQ oqQN uxjfuxe vfèkdkfj;ksa us bl ckr ij m¡xyh mBkbZ fd 1978 esa fedmRiknu dkj[kkus dh LFkkiuk lqj{kk ekudksa osQ f[kykI+kQ Fkh rksljdkj dk dguk Fkk fd çns'k dks Hkksiky osQ la;a=k esa yxkrkj fuos'kpkfg, rkfd jks”kxkj feyrs jgsaA ljdkj dh jk; esa ;wfu;u dkckZbMls bl ckr dh ek¡x djuk vlaHko Fkk fd og lkI+kQ&lqFkjh rduhd;k ”;knk lqjf{kr çfozQ;kvksa dks viuk,A ljdkjh fujh{kd dkj[kkusesa viukbZ tk jgh nks"kiw.kZ çfozQ;kvksa dks ckj&ckj ea”kwjh nsrs jgsA tcdkj[kkus esa ckj&ckj xSl dk fjlko gksus yxk vkSj lcdks ;g ckrle> esa vk pqdh Fkh fd dgha oqQN Hkkjh xM+cM+h py jgh gS] rcHkh fujh{kdksa osQ dku ij tw¡ rd ugha jsaxhA

dkuwu cukus vkSj mudks ykxw djus okyh laLFkk osQ fy, ;g joS;klgh ugha gSA yksxksa osQ fgrksa dh j{kk djus dh ctk; ljdkj vkSjfuth oaQiuh] nksuksa gh mudh lqj{kk dks u”kjvank”k djrh tk jgh FkhaA

;g gjfx”k vPNh fLFkfr ugha gSA tc Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; vkSj fons'khO;olk;h u,&u, dkj[kkus [kksyrs tk jgs gSa rks e”knwjksa osQ vfèkdkjksadh j{kk djus okys l[r dkuwuksa vkSj muosQ ”;knk csgrj fozQ;kUo;udh ”k:jr vkSj c<+ xbZ gSA

gky gh esa ,d Vªsoy ,tsalh dks vkns'k fn;k x;kfd og vius oqQN xzkgdksa dks 8 yk[k #i, dkeqvko”kk nsA bu lSykfu;ksa dks eqvko”kk blfy,fn;k tk jgk Fkk D;ksafd oaQiuh dh ykijokgh osQdkj.k os fMTuhySaM ns[kus vkSj isfjl esa [kjhnkjhdjus ls oafpr jg x, FksA rks fiQj Hkksiky xSl=kklnh osQ ihfM+rksa dks ¯”knxh Hkj dh ihM+k vkSjuqdlku osQ cnys bruk de eqvko”kk D;ksa feyk\

vkidks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd fdlhiSQDVªh esa lqj{kk dkuwuksa dks ykxw djukcgqr egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS\

D;k vki oqQN nwljh ,slh fLFkfr;ksa dkmYys[k dj ldrs gSa tgk¡ dkuwu ;kfu;e rks ekStwn gSa] ijarq muosQfozQ;kUo;u esa f<ykbZ osQ dkj.k yksxmudk ikyu ugha djrs\ (mnkgj.k osQfy, eksVj xkfM+;ksa dh rs”k jÝ+rkjgsyesV@lhV&csYV u iguuk vkSj okgupykrs le; eksckby iQksu dk mi;ksxdjuk)A dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus esa D;kleL;k,¡ vkrh gSa\ D;k vkifozQ;kUo;u esa lqèkkj osQ fy, oqQNlq>ko ns ldrs gSa\


2019-20


i;kZoj.k dh j{kk osQ fy, u, dkuwu

1984 esa gekjs ikl i;kZoj.k dh j{kk osQ fy, cgqr de dkuwu FksAbu dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dh O;oLFkk rks vkSj Hkh de”kksj FkhAi;kZoj.k dks ,d ^eqÝ+ r* ph”k ekuk tkrk FkkA fdlh Hkh m|ksx dksgok&ikuh esa çnw"k.k NksM+us dh [kqyh NwV feyh gqbZ FkhA pkgs ufn;k¡gksa] gok gks ;k Hkwfexr ikuh gks & i;kZoj.k nwf"kr gks jgk Fkk vkSjyksxksa dh lsgr osQ lkFk f[kyokM+ fd;k tk jgk FkkA

<hys lqj{kk ekudksa ls u osQoy ;wfu;u dkckZbM dks I+kQk;nk feyk]cfYd mls çnw"k.k ls fuiVus osQ fy, iSlk Hkh [kpZ ugha djuk iM+kAvesfjdk esa ;gh oaQiuh bl f”kEesnkjh ls ugha cp ldrh FkhA

Hkksiky =kklnh us i;kZoj.k osQ eqíksa dks vxyh drkj esa yk fn;kA dbZyk[k ,sls yksx dkj[kkus ls fudyh tgjhyh xSl dk f'kdkj cu x,Fks tks bl dkj[kkus ls fdlh Hkh rjg tqM+s ugha FksA blls yksxksa dks;g vglkl gqvk fd ekS”kwnk dkuwu pkgs fdrus Hkh de”kksj gksa] ososQoy e”knwjksa ls gh lacafèkr gSaA muesa mu vke yksxksa osQ vfèkdkjksaij è;ku ugha fn;k x;k gS tks vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVukvksa osQ dkj.k ?kk;ygksrs gSaA

i;kZoj.koknh dk;ZdrkZvksa rFkk vU; yksxksa osQ bl nokc ls fuiVus osQfy, Hkksiky xSl =kklnh osQ ckn Hkkjr ljdkj us i;kZoj.k osQ ckjs esau, dkuwu cuk,A i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku igq¡pkus osQ fy, çnw"k.k iSQykusokyksa dks gh f”kEesnkj ekuk tkus yxkA blosQ ihNs le> ;g Fkh fdgekjs i;kZoj.k ij vxyh ihf<+;ksa dk Hkh gd curk gS vkSj mlsosQoy vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ fy, u"V ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

vnkyrksa us LoLFk i;kZoj.k osQ vfèkdkj dks thou osQ ekSfydvfèkdkj dk fgLlk crkrs gq, dbZ egÙoiw.kZ iSQlys fn,A lqHkk"koqQekj cuke fcgkj jkT; (1991) osQ eqdnes esa loksZPp U;k;ky;us dgk fd thou dk vfèkdkj lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 21 osQ rgr,d ekSfyd vfèkdkj gS vkSj blesa çnw"k.k&eqDr gok vkSj ikuh dkvfèkdkj Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;g ljdkj dh f”kEesnkjh gS fd ogçnw"k.k ij vaoqQ'k yxkus] ufn;ksa dks lkI+kQ j[kus vkSj tks nks"kh gSa muij Hkkjh tqekZuk yxkus osQ fy, dkuwu vkSj çfØ;k,¡ r; djsA

^LoPN okrkoj.k ,d tulqfoèkk gS*] D;kvki bl c;ku dh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSa\

gesa u, dkuwuksa dh ”k:jr D;ksa gS\

oaQifu;k¡ vkSj BsosQnkj i;kZoj.k dkuwuksadk mYya?ku oSQls dj ikrs gSa\

Hkksiky fLFkr ;wfu;u dkckZbM I+kSQDVjh osQvklikl nwf"kr bykdksa esa fLFkr gSaMiaiksa dksljdkj us yky jax ls iqrok fn;k gSA fiQjHkh LFkkuh; yksx mudk bLrseky dj jgs gSaD;ksafd muosQ ikl lkI+kQ ikuh dk dksbZ Ïksrugha gSA

lrr fodkl y{; 9: m|ksx] uokpkj vkSj cqfu;knh lqfo/k,¡www.in.undp.org

2019-20

129

tulqfoèkk osQ :i esa i;kZoj.k

gky osQ o"kks± esa U;k;ky;ksa us i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s eqíksa ij dbZ dM+svkns'k fn, gSaA ,sls dbZ vkns'kksa ls yksxksa dh jks”kh&jksVh ij Hkh cqjkvlj iM+k gSA

felky osQ rkSj ij] vnkyr us vkns'k fn;k fd fnYyh osQ fjgk;'khbykdksa esa dke djus okys m|ksxksa dks can dj fn;k tk, ;k mUgsa'kgj ls ckgj nwljs bykdksa esa Hkst fn;k tk,A buesa ls dbZ dkj[kkusvklikl osQ okrkoj.k dks çnwf"kr dj jgs FksA bu dkj[kkuksa dh xanxhls ;equk unh Hkh çnwf"kr gks jgh Fkh D;ksafd bu dkj[kkuksa dks fu;eksaosQ fglkc ls ugha pyk;k tk jgk FkkA

vnkyr dh dkjZokbZ ls ,d leL;k rks gy gks xbZ] ysfdu ,d ubZleL;k iSnk Hkh gks xb± dkj[kkuksa osQ can gks tkus ls cgqr lkjs e”knwjksaosQ jks”kxkj [kRe gks x,A cgqrksa dks nwj&njkt osQ bykdksa esa tkuk iM+ktgk¡ mu dkj[kkuksa dks nksckjk pkyw fd;k x;k FkkA vc iznw"k.k dhleL;k bu u, bykdksa esa iSnk gks jgh gS ;s bykosQ çnwf"kr gksus yxs gSaAe”knwjksa dh lqj{kk lacaèkh fLFkfr;ksa dk eqík vHkh Hkh oSlk dk oSlk gSA

Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.kh; eqíksa ij gq, rk”kk vuqlaèkkuksa ls ;g ckr lkeus vkbZgS fd eè; oxZ osQ yksx i;kZoj.k dh fpark rks djus yxs gSa] ysfdu osvDlj xjhcksa dh ihM+k dks è;ku esa ugha j[krsA blfy, muesa ls cgqrksadks ;g rks le> esa vkrk gS fd 'kgj dks lqanj cukus osQ okLrs cfLr;ksadks gVkuk pkfg, ;k çnw"k.k iSQykus okyh iSQfDVª;ksa dks 'kgj osQ ckgjys tkuk pkfg,] ysfdu ;g le> esa ugha vkrk fd blls cgqr lkjsyksxksa dh jks”kh&jksVh Hkh [krjs esa iM+ ldrh gSA tgk¡ ,d rjI+kQ LoPNi;kZoj.k osQ ckjs esa tkx:drk c<+ jgh gS ogha nwljh rjI+kQ e”knwjksa dhlqj{kk osQ ckjs esa yksx ”;knk fpark ugha trk jgs gSaA

vc pqukSrh ,sls lekèkku <w¡<+us dh gS ftuesa LoPN okrkoj.k dkykHk lHkh dks fey losQA bldk ,d rjhdk ;g gS fd gedkj[kkuksa esa ”;knk LoPN rduhdksa vkSj çfozQ;kvksa dks viukus ij”kksj nsaA blosQ fy, ljdkj dks Hkh pkfg, fd og dkj[kkuksa dksçksRlkgu vkSj enn nsA mls çnw"k.k iSQykus okyksa ij tqekZuk djukgksxkA bl rjg e”knwjksa osQ jks”kxkj Hkh cp tk,¡xs vkSj leqnk;ksa oe”knwjksa dks lqjf{kr i;kZoj.k dk vfèkdkj Hkh fey tk,xkA

D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd mQij m¼`r ekeys esa lHkh i{kksa dks U;k; feyk gS\

D;k vkidks i;kZoj.k dh j{kk osQ vkSj rjhosQ fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\ d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA

xkfM+;ksa ls mRlftZr /qvk¡ i;kZoj.kh; çnw"k.kdk ,d cM+k lzksr gSaA 1998 osQ cknloksZPp U;k;ky; us vius dbZ I+kSQlyksa esa;g vkns'k fn;k fd fnYyh esa Mhty lspyus okys lHkh lkoZtfud okgu dEçsLMuspqjy xSl (lh-,u-th-) b±èku dk bLrsekydjsaA bu ç;klksa ls fnYyh tSls 'kgjksa osQok;q çnw"k.k esa dkI+kQh fxjkoV vkbZ gSAysfdu lsaVj I+kQkWj lkbal ,s.M ,uok;juesaV(u;h fnYyh) dh ,d rk”kk fjiksVZ esa dgkx;k gS fd gok esa fo"kSys inkFkks± dk LrjdkI+kQh m¡Qpk gSA ;s fo"kSys inkFkZ isVªksy dhctk; Mhty ls pyus okyh clksa@dkjksa osQdkj.k iSnk gks jgs gSaA

can dkj[kkuksa osQ ckgj ijs'kku e”knwj

jks”kxkj fNu tkus osQ ckn cgqr lkjs e”knwjNksVk&eksVk O;kikj ;k fngkM+h e”knwjh djusyxrs gSaA oqQN e”knwjksa dks igys ls Hkh NksVsdkj[kkuksa esa dke feyrk gS tgk¡ osQ gkykrigys ls Hkh ”;knk 'kks"k.k Hkjs gksrs gSa vkSjtgk¡ dkuwuksa dh fLFkfr vkSj Hkh ”;knkde”kksj gksrh gSA


2019-20


fu"d"kZ

pkgs ck”kkj gks] nÝ+ rj gks ;k dksbZ dkj[kkuk gks cgqr lkjh fLFkfr;ksaesa yksxksa dks xyr rkSj&rjhdksa ls cpkus osQ fy, dkuwu ”k:jh gksrs gSaAfuth oaQifu;k¡] BsosQnkj] O;olk;h vkfn ”;knk equkI+kQk dekus osQpDdj esa xyr gFkoaQMs Hkh viukus yxrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij ose”knwjksa dks de esgurkuk nsrs gSa] cPpksa ls dke djokrs gSa] dke dhfLFkfr;ksa ij è;ku ugha nsrs ;k i;kZoj.k dk [k;ky ugha j[krs vkSj blrjg vkl&ikl osQ yksxksa dks Hkh uqdlku igq¡pkrs gSaA

,sls esa ljdkj dh ,d vge f”kEesnkjh ;g curh gS fd og futhoaQifu;ksa osQ xyr rkSj&rjhdksa dks jksdus vkSj lkekftd U;k; çnkudjus osQ fy, dkuwu cuk,] mudks ykxw djs vkSj mu ij fuxjkuh j[ksA;kuh u ljdkj dks osQoy ^lgh dkuwu* cukus pkfg,] cfYd mudksykxw Hkh djuk pkfg,A vxj dkuwu de”kksj gksa vkSj mudks lgh <axls ykxw u fd;k tk, rks muls Hkkjh uqdlku gks ldrk gSA Hkksiky xSl=kklnh bl ckr dk lcwr gSA

bl fn'kk esa ljdkj dh rks f”kEesnkjh curh gh gS] vke yksx Hkhnokc Mkydj futh oaQifu;ksa vkSj ljdkj nksuksa dks lekt osQ fgr esadke djus osQ fy, ckè; dj ldrs gSaA tSlk fd geus igys ns[kk]i;kZoj.k ,d ,slk fo"k; gS tgk¡ yksxksa us tufgr osQ fy, nokc MkykgS vkSj U;k;ky;ksa us Hkh LoLFk i;kZoj.k osQ vfèkdkj dks ekSfydvf/dkj osQ :i esa thou dk vfHkUu vax ekuk gSA bl vè;k; esageus bl ckr ij ”kksj fn;k gS fd yksxksa dks bl ckr osQ fy, vkok”kmBkuh pkfg, fd LoLF; okrkoj.k dh lqfoèkk lcdks feysA blhrjg e”knwj vfèkdkjksa (;kuh dke dk vfèkdkj] lgh esgurkuk vkSjekuoksfpr dk;ZfLFkfr;kasa dk vfèkdkj) osQ {ks=k esa Hkh vHkh gkykrdkI+kQh [kjkc gSaA yksxksa dks bl ckr osQ fy, vkok”k mBkuh pkfg,fd dkexkjksa osQ vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy, l[r dkuwu cuk, tk,¡rkfd lcdks thou dk vfèkdkj fey losQA

fodflr ns'k vius fo"kSys vkSj [krjukdm|ksxksa dks fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ys tk jgs gSarkfd bu ns'kksa osQ de”kksj dkuwuksa dk I+kQk;nkmBk losQa vkSj vius ns'kksa dks lkI+kQ&lqFkjkj[k losQaA nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'k] [kklrkSj lsHkkjr] ckaxykns'k vkSj ikfdLrku µdhVuk'kd] ,sLcsLVkWl cukus okys ;k tLrs olhls dks lalkf/r djus okys dkj[kkuksa dkscM+s iSekus ij vius ;gk¡ cqyk jgs gSaA

lrr fodkl y{; 8: mfpr dk;Z vkSj vkfFkZd o`f¼www.in.undp.org

2019-20

131

1- nks e”knwjksa ls ckr djosQ irk yxk,¡ fd mUgsa dkuwu }kjk r; fd;k x;k U;wure osru fey jgk gS ;k ughaA blosQ fy,vki fuekZ.k e”knwjksa] [ksr e”knwjksa] I+kSQDVªh e”knwjksa ;k fdlh nqdku ij dke djus okys e”knwjkas ls ckr dj ldrs gSaA

2- fons'kh oaQifu;ksa dks Hkkjr esa vius dkj[kkus [kksyus ls D;k I+kQk;nk gS\

3- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd Hkksiky xSl =kklnh osQ ihfM+rksa dks lkekftd U;k; feyk gS\ ppkZ djsaA

4- tc ge dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dh ckr djrs gSa rks bldk D;k eryc gksrk gS\ dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dh f”kEesnkjhfdldh gS\ dkuwuksa dks ykxw djuk bruk egÙoiw.kZ D;ksa gS\

5- dkuwu osQ ”kfj, cktkjksa dks lgh <ax ls dke djus osQ fy, fdl rjg çsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS\ vius tokc osQlkFk nks mnkgj.k nsaA

6- eku yhft, fd vki ,d jklk;fud iSQDVªh esa dke djus okys e”knwj gSaA ljdkj us oaQiuh dks vkns'k fn;k gS fdog orZeku txg ls 100 fdyksehVj nwj fdlh nwljs LFkku ij viuk dkj[kkuk pyk,A blls vkidh f”aknxh ij D;kvlj iM+sxk\ viuh jk; iwjh d{kk osQ lkeus i<+dj lquk,¡A

7- bl bdkbZ esa vkius ljdkj dh fofHkUu Hkwfedkvksa osQ ckjs esa i<+k gSA buosQ ckjs esa ,d vuqPNsn fy[ksaA

8- vkiosQ bykosQ esa i;kZoj.k dks nwf"kr djus okys lzksr dkSu ls gSa\ (d) gok_ ([k) ikuh vkSj (x) feV~Vh esa çnw"k.kosQ lacaèk esa ppkZ djsaA çnw"k.k dks jksdus osQ fy, fdl rjg osQ dne mBk, tk jgs gSa\ D;k vki dksbZ vkSj mik;lq>k ldrs gSa\

9- igys i;kZoj.k dks fdl rjg ns[kk tkrk Fkk\ D;k vc lksp esa dksbZ cnyko vk;k gS\ ppkZ djsaA

vH;kl

cPpksa ij bl rjg cks> Mkyuk fdruh cqjh ckr gSA ns[kks] eq>svius csVs dh enn osQ fy, bl yM+osQ dks ukSdjh ij j[kuk iM+k!

10- çfl¼ dkVwZfuLV vkj- osQ- y{e.k bl dkVwZu osQ ”kfj,D;k dguk pkg jgs gSa\ bldk 2016 esa cuk, x, mldkuwu ls D;k lacaèk gS ftldks i`"B 123 ij vkiusi<+k FkkA


2019-20


'kCn ladyu

miHkksDrk% tks O;fDr ck”kkj esa cspus osQ fy, ugha cfYd futh bLrseky osQ fy, dksbZ ph”k[kjhnrk gS mls miHkksDrk dgk tkrk gSA

mRiknd% ,slk O;fDr ;k laLFkku tks ck”kkj esa cspus osQ fy, ph”ksa cukrk gSA dbZ ckj mRikndvius mRiknu dk oqQN fgLlk futh bLrseky osQ fy, Hkh j[k ysrs gSa] mnkgj.k osQ fy,]fdlkuA

fuos'k% Hkfo"; esa mRiknu c<+kus@lqèkkjus osQ fy, ubZ e'khujh ;k bekjr ;k çf'k{k.k ij [kpZ gksusokyk iSlkA

e”knwjksa dh ;wfu;u% e”knwjksa dk laxBuA vkerkSj ij e”knwj ;wfu;usa dkj[kkuksa vkSj nÝ+ rjksa esafn[kkbZ nsrh gSa ysfdu vU; fdLe osQ e”knwjksa dh Hkh ;wfu;usa gks ldrh gSa] tSls ?kjsywukSdjksa dh ;wfu;uA ;wfu;u osQ usrk vius lnL;ksa dh vksj ls ekfydksa osQ lkFk lkSnsckthvkSj ckrphr djrs gSaA e”knwj ;wfu;usa osru] Je fu;ekoyh] fu;qfDr] c[kkZLrxh vkSjinksUufr ls lacafèkr fu;eksa] ykHkksa vkSj dk;ZLFky lqj{kk vkfn eqíksa ij dke djrh gSaA

11- vkius Hkksiky xSl =kklnh vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa py jgs la?k"kZ osQ ckjs esa i<+k gSA nqfu;k Hkj osQ fo|kFkhZ U;k; osQ blla?k"kZ esa viuk ;ksxnku ns jgs gSaA os tqywl&çn'kZuksa ls ysdj tkx:drk vfHk;ku rd pyk jgs gSaA mudh xfrfofèk;ksaosQ ckjs esa vki www.studentsforbhopal.com ij i<+ ldrs gSaA bl osclkbV ij cgqr lkjs fp=k] iksLVj]o`rfp=k vkSj ihfM+rksa osQ c;ku vkfn miyCèk gSaA

bl osclkbV rFkk vU; lalkèkuksa dk bLrseky djrs gq, viuh d{kk esa fn[kkus osQ fy, Hkksiky xSl =kklnh ij ,dnhokj if=kdk (okWy&isij)@çn'kZuh rS;kj djsaA iwjs LowQy dks viuh jpuk,¡ ns[kus vkSj mu ij ppkZ djus osQ fy,vkeaf=kr djsaA

2019-20

133

,d thfor vkn'kZ osQ :i esa lafoèkku

thou dk vfèkdkj ,d ekSfyd vfèkdkj gSA lafoèkku osQ ekè;e ls ;g vfèkdkj ns'k osQ lHkhukxfjdksa dks feyk gqvk gSA tSlk fd vkius bl fdrkc esa i<+k gS] vke ukxfjdksa us bl vfèkdkj] ;kuhlafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 21 dk fofHkUu lanHkks± esa bLrseky fd;k gSA ukxfjdksa osQ bu ç;klksa ls gh ;gvfèkdkj vkSj lkFkZd o O;kid gks x;k gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vkius i<+k fd fdl rjg gkfde 'ks[kus LokLF; osQ vfèkdkj dks thou osQ vfèkdkj dk vfHkUu vax lkfcr dj fn;kA blh rjg eqacbZ osQ>qXxhokfl;ksa dh dksf'k'kksa ls jks”kxkj osQ vfèkdkj dks thou osQ vfèkdkj dk fgLlk ekuk x;kA blhvè;k; esa vkius ;g Hkh i<+k fd fdl rjg U;k;ky; us ¶çnw"k.k eqDr ikuh ,oa gok¸ osQ vfèkdkjdks thou osQ vfèkdkj dk fgLlk crk;k FkkA blosQ vykok f'k{kk vkSj vkokl osQ vfèkdkj dks Hkhvnkyrksa us thou osQ vfèkdkj dk fgLlk crk;k gSA

thou osQ vfèkdkj dh ;g foLr`r O;k[;k vke ukxfjdksa osQ ç;klksa dk urh”kk gSA tc Hkh ukxfjdksadks ,slk yxrk gS fd muosQ ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku gks jgk gS rks os vnkyr esa tkdj U;k;ek¡xrs gSaA tSlk fd vkius bl iqLrd esa dbZ txg i<+k gS] bUgha ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa us u, dkuwu cukusvkSj [kkl rjg dh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djus esa Hkh enn nh gSA ;s lc oqQN blhfy, laHko gqvk fdgekjs lafoèkku esa oqQN [kkl fu;e gSa tks Hkkjr osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa dh çfr"Bk vkSj LokfHkeku dhj{kk djrs gSaA ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa rFkk dkuwu osQ 'kklu ls lacafèkr fofHkUu çkoèkkuksa esa bl ckr dhO;k[;k dh xbZ gSA

bu mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd gekjk lafoèkku dkI+kQh yphyk Hkh gSA blh vkèkkj ij lafoèkku}kjk fn, x, çfr"Bk vkSj U;k; osQ fopkj esa u, fljs ls mHkjdj vkusokys eqíksa dh lwph dk Hkhlekos'k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl yphysiu osQ dkj.k lafoèkku osQ çko/kuksa dh ubZ O;k[;k,¡ dhtk ldrh gSaA bl vkèkkj ij lafoèkku dks ,d thoUr nLrkos”k ekuk tk ldrk gSA LokLF; dkvfèkdkj ;k vkokl dk vfèkdkj vkfn ,sls eqís gSa tks 1949 esa lafoèkku lHkk osQ lnL;ksa }kjk is'kfd, x, lafoèkku esa fyf[kr rkSj ij ekStwn ugha FksA ysfdu Hkkouk osQ Lrj ij os fuf'pr :i lsekStwn FksA bldk eryc ;g gS fd lafoèkku esa ,sls yksdrkaf=kd vkn'kZ ml le; Hkh ekStwn FksftuosQ ”kfj, yksx jktuhfrd çfozQ;k dk bLrseky djosQ ;g lqfuf'pr dj ldrs Fks fd vkeukxfjdksa dh f”aknxh esa ;s vkn'kZ gdhdr dk :i ysaA

tSlk fd bl iqLrd osQ vè;k;ksa esa ppkZ dh xbZ gS] laoSèkkfud vkn'kks± dks ;FkkFkZ :i nsus osQ fy,dkI+kQh oqQN fd;k tk pqdk gSA nwljh vksj] bUgha vè;k;ksa esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd vHkh cgqroqQN gksuk ckdh gSA ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa turk }kjk fd, tk jgs fofHkUu la?k"kZ ckj&ckj blckr dks ;kn fnykrs gSa fd lekt osQ ”;knkrj yksxksa dh f”aknxh esa lekurk] çfr"Bk vkSj LokfHkekutSls loky vHkh Hkh vèkwjs gSaA tSlk fd d{kk 7 dh iqLrd esa vkius i<+k Fkk] ehfM;k Hkh bu la?k"kks±ij vdlj è;ku ugha nsrkA ysfdu bldk ;g eryc ugha gS fd bu vkanksyuksa ij è;ku ugha fn;ktkuk pkfg,A

bl iqLrd osQ fofHkUu vè;k;ksa esa ;g le>kus dh ps"Vk dh xbZ gS fd lafoèkku esa dkSu ls yksdrkaf=kdvkn'kZ fn, x, gSa vkSj muls yksxksa osQ nSfud thou ij fdl rjg vlj iM+rk gSA blosQ ihNs gekjkedln vkidks ,sls lkèku eqgS;k djkuk gS ftuosQ lgkjs vki vius vklikl dh nqfu;k dksle>us&cw>us dk ç;kl dj losaQ vkSj lafoèkku }kjk crk, x, jkLrs ij pyrs gq, mlesa fgLlk ys losaQA

2019-20


fdrkcsa

vkWfLVu] xzsufoy- 1966] fn bafM;u dkWULVhV~;w'ku % dkWuZjLVksu vkWI+kQ , us'ku] vkWDlI+kQksMZ % DysjsaMu çslA

vkWfLVu] xzsufoy- 1999] ofo±Qx , MseksozsQfVd dkWULVhV~;w'ku % fn bafM;u ,Dlihfj;Ul] u;h fnYyh % vkWDliQksM±

ykW;lZ DysfDVo- 2007] LVsf;ax vykbo % iQLVZ ekWuhVfjax ,aM boSY;q,'ku fjiksVZ 2007 vkWu n izksVsD'ku vkWI+kQ oweSu izQkeMksesfLVd okW;ySal ,DV] 2005] u;h fnYyh % ykW;lZ DysfDVoA

jkekLokeh] xhrk- 2005] bafM;k fLVafoaQx % eSuqvy LoSQosatlZ bu vka/zk izns'k ,aM ns;j ooZQ] u;h fnYyh % uou; ifCyosQ'kuA

ys[k

ih- lkbZukFk] ¶gwt lSfozQiQkbl bt bV ,suhos\¸ n fgUnw] 6 flracj 1998

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fof/d izdj.k

vksYxk Vsfyl olsZl ckWEcs E;wfufliy dkWiksZjs'ku (1985)3 ,l lh lh 545

if'pe cax [ksr e”knwj lfefr cuke if'pe caxky jkT; (1996)

LVsV (nsgyh ,sMfefuLVªs'ku) olsZl yDleu oqQekj (1985) 4 ,l lh lh 476

lqHkk"k oqQekj olsZl LVsV vkWI+kQ fcgkj (1991) 1 ,l lh lh 598

osclkbV~l

Hkksiky xSl =kklnh] http://www.studentsforbhopal.org/WhatHappened.htm. Accessed on 12 tuojh 2008.

lh- osQ- tkuw] www.countercurrents.org. Accessed on 12 uoacj 2007.

usiky esa yksdra=k, http://www.himalmag.com. Accessed on 15 fnlacj 2007.

Hkkjrh; fuokZpu vk;ksx] https://eci.gov.in

yksd lHkk] http://loksabhahindi.nic.in

esuqvy LoSQosaftax] http://in.one.un.org/page/breaking-free-rehabilitation-manual-scavengers/

Accessed on 24 vDrwcj 2017.

gkFk ls eSyk mBkuk] www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF 129.html. Accessed on 2 tuojh 2008.

jkT; lHkk] https://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in

Hkkjr dk loksZPp U;k;ky;] https://www.sci.gov.in

lrr fodkl y{; (Sustainable Development Goals-SDGs), www.in.undp.org

lanHkZ

2019-20

vè;k; 10 dkuwu vksj lkekftd u;k;...fd iwjk dejk li+ksqn èkq¡, ls hkjk gqvk fkka eq>s yksxksa...

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