vkS|ksfxd lektesa ifjorZu vkSjfodkl

5

2015-16

74

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

ius vkf[kjh ckj dkSu lh fiQYe ns[kh Fkh\ vki fuf'pr :i ls mlesa dk;Z dj jgs vfHkusrk ,oavfHkus=kh dk uke crk ldrs gSa] ijaRkq D;k vkidks èofu ,oa izdk'k rduhf'k;u] Ükaxkj djus okys

dykdkj vkSj u`R; funsZ'kd dk uke ;kn gS\ oqqQN yksxksa dk tSls lsV dks rS;kj djus okys c<+bZ

(dkjisaVj) osQ uke dk rks dgha vkHkkj osQ fy, ftØ Hkh ugha gksrk gSA tcfd] bu lc yksxksa osQ lg;ksxosQ fcuk fI+kQYe cukbZ ugha tk ldrh gSA ckWyhoqM vkiosQ vkSj esjs fy, ,d LoIu yksd dh rjg gks

ldrk gS] ijarq cgqr ls yksxksa osQ fy, ;g muosQ dk;Z djus dk LFkku gSA fdlh vU; m|ksx dh rjg]blosQ dkexkj Hkh la?k osQ lnL; gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, urZd] tksf[ke osQ dk;Z djus okys dykdkj ,oa

vfrfjDr dykdkj dfUk"B dykdkj la?k (twfu;j vkfVZLV ,lksfl,'ku) osQ lnL; gksrs gSaA mudh ek¡x

gS fd vkB ?kaVs dh f'kÝV gks] esgurkuk okftc gks vkSj dk;kZOkLFkk lqjf{kr gksA bl m|ksx osQ mRiknuksadk foKkiu ,oa ck”kkj esa tkuk fI+ kQYe forjd osQ }kjk] ,oa flusek gkWy ekfydksa vFkok laxhr osQ

oSQlsV~l ,oa ohfM;kst cspus okyh nqdkuksa osQ }kjk gksrk gSA vkSj bl m|ksx esa dk;Z djus okys yksx] fdlhvU; m|ksx dh rjg mlh 'kgj eas jgrs gSa] ysfdu 'kgj esa muosQ }kjk fd, x, fofHkUu dk;Z] os yksx

dkSu gSa vkSj fdruk dekrs gSa] ij fuHkZj djrk gSA fI+kQYeh flrkjs vkSj diM+k feyksa osQ ekfyd tqgw tSls

LFkkuksa ij jgrs gSa] tcfd vfrfjDr dykdkj vkSj diM+k fey osQ etnwj xksjsxk¡o tSlh txgksa ij jgrsgSaA oqQN ik¡p flrkjk gkssVyksa esa tkrs gSa vkSj tkiku dk lq'kh (Sushi) tSlk [kkuk [kkrs gSa tcfd oqQN

LFkkuh; gkFkxkfM+;ksa ij oM+k iko [kkrs gSaA eqacbZ osQ yksxksa dks dgk¡ os jgrs gSa] D;k os [kkrs gSa vkSj fdrusdherh diM+s igurs gSa osQ vkèkkj ij foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA ijarq oqQN lkekU; ckrsa ;k OkLrq,¡ tks

'kgj mUgsa nsrk gS osQ vkèkkj ij os leku (laxfBr) Hkh gS&os ,d tSlh fI+kQYesa vkSj fØosQV eSPk ns[krs

gSa] os leku ok;q iznwf"kr okrkoj.k esa vkokxeu djrs gSa] vkSj mu lcdh vkdk¡{kk gksrh gS fd muosQcPps vPNk dke djsaA

yksx dgk¡ vkSj oSQlk dk;Z djrs gSa os fdl rjg dk O;olk; djrs gSa ;g lc mudh igpkudk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksrk gSA bl vè;k; eas ge ns[ksaxs fd izk S|ksfxdh esa gksus okys ifjorZu vkSj yksxfdl izdkj dk dk;Z djrs gSa ftlls Hkkjr esa lkekftd lacaèkksa esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA nwljh rjI +kQ]lkekftd laLFkk,¡ tSls tkfr] ukrsnkjh dk latky] fyax ,oa {ks=k Hkh] dk;Z dks laxfBr djus osQ rjhosQvFkok mRikn dks ck”kkj esa Hkstus osQ rjhosQ dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA ;g lekt'kkfL=k;ksa osQ fy, 'kksèkdk ,d cM+k {ks=k gSA

mnkgj.k osQ fy, ge efgykvksa dks oqQN vU; {ks=kksa tSSls bathfu;fjax dh ctk; ufl±x vFkokf'k{k.k osQ dk;ks± esa vfèkd D;ksa ikrs gSa\ ;g ek=k ,d la;ksx gS vFkok blosQ ihNs lekt dh ;glksp gS fd efgyk,¡ ns[kHkky ,oa ikyu iks"k.k osQ {ks=k osQ fy, vfèkd mi;qDr gSaA cfuLcr mudk;ks± osQ tks l[r* vkSj iq#"kksfpr* utj vkrs gSa! tcfd ufl±x osQ dk;Z esa ,d iqy dks fMtkbudjus ls vfèkd cy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vxj vfèkd efgyk,¡ bathfu;fjax osQ {ks=k esa tkrhgSa rks os bl O;olk; dks oSQls izHkkfor djrh gSa\ vius vki ls iwfN, fd D;kas Hkkjr esa dkWIkQh osQfoKkiu esa iSosQV ij nks di fn[kk, tkrs gSa tcfd vesfjdk esa ,d di\ bldk mÙkj ;g gS fdcgqr ls Hkkjrh; dkWiQh ihus dks lkekftdrk fuHkkus dk ,d volj ekurs gSa tcfd vesfjdk esadkWiQh ihuk losjs mBdj LiwQfrZ ykus okys is; dks ihus tSlk gSA lekt'kkL=kh bu iz'uksa esa #fp j[krsgSa fd dkSu D;k mRikfnr djrk gS] dkSu dgk¡ dk;Z djrk gS] dkSu] fdldks vkSj oSQls csprk gS\ ;s

vk

2015-16

75

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

O;fDrxr #fp ugha gS cfYd lkekftd izk:iksa dk urhtk gSA blosQ foijhr yksxksa dh #fp;k¡ ;gle>kus esa fd lkekftd dk;Z oSQls gksrs gSa ls izHkkfor gksrh gSaA

5-1 vkS|ksfxd lekt dh dYiuk

lekt'kkL=k osQ vusdksa egRoiw.kZ dk;Z rc fd, x, Fks tcfd vkS|ksxhdj.k ,d u;h voèkkj.kk Fkk vkSje'khuksa us ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku xzg.k fd;k gqvk FkkA dkyZ ekDlZ] osCkj vkSj ,ehy nq[kkZbe tSls fopkjdksaus m|ksx dh cgqr lh u;h ladYiukvksa ls Lo;a dks tksM+kA ;s Fkh uxjhdj.k ftlus vkeus&lkeus osQlacaèk dks cnyk tksfd xzkeh.k lektksa esa ik, tkrs FksA tgk¡ fd yksx vius ;k tku igpku osQ HkwLokfe;ksaosQ [ksrksa eas dke djrs Fks] mu lacaèkkas dk LFkku vkèkqfud dkj[kkuksa ,oa dk;ZLFkyksa osQ vKkr O;kolkf;dlacaèkksa us ys fy;kA vkS|ksxhdj.k ls ,d foLr`r Je foHkktu gksrk gSA yksx vfèkdrj vius dk;ks± dkvafre :i ugha ns[k ikrs D;kasfd mUgsa mRiknu osQ ,d NksVs ls iqtsZ dks cukuk gksrk gSA vDlj ;g dk;Znksgjkus vkSj Fkdkus okyk gksrk gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkh csjkstxkj gksus ls ;g fLFkfr vPNh gSA ekDlZ us blfLFkfr dks vyxko* dgk] ftlesa yksx vius dk;Z ls izlUu ugha gksrs] mudh mÙkjthfork Hkh bl ckrij fuHkZj djrh gS fd e'khuas ekuoh; Je osQ fy, fdruk LFkku NksM+rh gSaA

vkS|ksxhdj.k oqQN ,d LFkkuksa ij tcjnLr lekurk ykrk gS mnkgj.k osQ fy, jsyxkfM+;ksa] clksa vkSjlkbcj oSQisQ esa tkrh; HksnHkko osQ egÙo dk uk gksukA nwljh rjI+kQ] HksnHkko osQ iqjkus Lo:iksa dks u,dkj[kkuksa vkSj dk;ZLFkyksa esa vHkh Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd] bl lalkj eas lkekftd vlekurk,¡de gks jgh gSa ysfdu vkfFkZd ;k vk; ls lacafèkr vlekurk,¡mRiUu gks jgh gSaA cgqèkk&lkekftd vkSj vk; lacaèkh vlekurkijLij vkPNkfnr gks tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, vPNs osruokys O;olk;ksa tSls esMhflu] dkuwu vFkok i=kdkfjrk eas mPptkfr osQ yksxksa dk opZLo vkt Hkh cuk gqvk gSA efgyk,¡(vfèkdka'kr%) leku dk;Z osQ fy, de osru ikrh gSaA

oqQN le; ls lekt'kkfL=k;kas us vkS|ksxhdj.k dks ldkjkRedvkSj udkjkRed nksuksa :iksa esa ns[kk gS] vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ fl¼karosQ izHkko ls 20oha 'krkCnh osQ eè; ls vkS|ksxhdj.k vifjgk;Z,oa ldkjkRed :i eas fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA vkèkquhdhdj.k dkfl¼kar ;g roZQ nsrk gS fd vkèkqfudhdj.k dh izfØ;k esa i`Fko~Qlekt dh voLFkk,¡ vyx&vyx gSa ijarq mu lHkh dh fn'kk,d gh gSA bu fl¼kardkjksa osQ vuqlkj vkèkqfud lekt if'pedk izfrfufèkRo dj jgk gSA

5-2 Hkkjr esa vkS|ksxhdj.k

Hkkjrh; vkS|ksxhdj.k dh fof'k"Vrk,¡

Hkkjr eas vkS|ksxhdj.k ls gksus okys vuqHko dbZ izdkjksa ls ik'pkR; izfreku ls leku vkSj dbZ izdkjksals fHkUu FksA fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ chp fd, x, rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k ;g lq>krs gaaS fd vkS|ksxhdj.k iw¡thokn

vfHklj.k 'kks/ ftls fd vk/qfudhdj.k osQfl¼kardkjksa DykoZQ us vkxs c<+k;k osQ vuqlkj21oha 'krkCnh dk vk/qfudho`Qr Hkkjr 19oha'krkCnh dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls lk>k djus osQ ctk;mudh vf/d fo'ks"krk,¡ 21oha 'krkCnh osQ phu;k la;qDr jkT;ksa tSlh gksaxhA D;k vkidks ;glp yxrk gS\ D;k laLo`Qfr] Hkk"kk ,oa ijaijk,¡u;h rduhd osQ dkj.k foyqIr gks tkrh gSa] vkSjD;k laLo`Qfr u, mRiknksa dks viukus osQ rjhosQdks izHkkfor djrh gS\ bu fcanqvksa ij vius Lo;aosQ fopkjksa dks mnkgj.k nsrs gq, fyf[k,A

fØ;kdyki 5-1

2015-16

76

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

dk dksbZ vkn'kZ izfreku ugha gSA pfy, vc ge] bls fHkUurkvksa osQ fcanq ls izkjaHk djrs gSa] bls yksxksaosQ dk;Z djus osQ rjhosQ ls lac¼ djrs gSaA fodflr ns'kksa eas tula[;k dk ,d cM+k Hkkx ukSdjh is'kkyksxksa dk gksrk gS] mlosQ ckn m|ksxksa esa vkSj 10» ls de o`Qf"k dk;ks± esas yxs gksrs gSa (vkbZ-,y-vks osQvk¡dM+s) 1999&2000 eas Hkkjr esa yxHkx 60» yksx izkFkfed {ks=k (o`Qf"k ,oa [knku) 17» yksxf}rh;d {ks=k (mRiknu] fuekZ.k vkSj mi;ksfxrk) vkSj 23» yksx r`rh;d {ks=k (O;kikj] ;krk;kr] foÙkh;lsok,¡ bR;kfn) esa dk;Zjr FksA fiQj Hkh] vxj ge bu {ks=kksa dh vkfFkZd o`f¼ dks ns[ksa rks o`Qf"k dk;ks±osQ fgLls esa rs”kh ls ßkl gqvk vkSj bl {ks=k esa gksus okys dk;Z yxHkx vkèks ls vf/d gks x,A ;gfLFkfr cgqr gh xaHkhj gS D;ksafd bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd ftl {ks=k esa yksx ”;knk dk;Zjr gSa og mUgsavfèkd vkenuh nssus esa l{ke ugha gSa (Hkkjr ljdkj] vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2001&02)A Hkkjr esa 2006&07esa jkstxkj osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ fgLls bl izdkj Fks& Ñf"k esa 15-19»] [knku ,oa [kuu esa 0-61»]

mRiknu esa 13-33»] fuekZ.k esa 6-10»] O;kikj]gksVy ,oa jsL=kka esa 13-18»] ;krk;kr HkaMkj.k,oa lapkj esa 5-06»] lkeqnkf;d] lkekftd,oa O;fDrxr lsokvksa esa 8-97»] foÙkh;chek] jh;y bLVsV ,oa O;kolkf;d lsokvksa esa2-22» rFkk fctyh vkSj ikuh esa 0-33» FkkA(Ïksr% ;kstuk vk;ksx 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk]2007&12] oksY;we I] i`"B 66)

fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ,dvkSj cM+k varj fu;fer osruHkksxh dk;Zjr yksxkasdh la[;k dk gksuk gSA fodflr ns'kksa esavkSipkfjd :i ls dk;Zjr yksx cgqla[;d gSaAHkkjr esa 50» ls vfèkd yksx Lo&jkstxkjh gSa]osQoy 14» yksx fu;fer osruHkksxh jkstxkj esa

gaS] tcfd yxHkx 30» yksx vfu;fer etnwj gSa (vuar 2005%239) ;gka nh xbZ rkfydk esa 2004&05ls 2009&10 rd xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; {ks=kksa esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa ,oa vU;ksa us vDlj laxfBr ;k vkSipkfjd vkSj vlaxfBr ;k vukSipkfjd {ks=kksa osQ eè;varj LFkkfir fd;k gSA bl ckr ij erHksn gS fd bu {ks=kksa dks ifjHkkf"kr oSQls fd;k tk,A ,d ifjHkk"kkosQ vuqlkj laxfBr {ks=k dh bdkbZ esa 10 vkSj vfèkd yksxksa osQ iwjs o"kZ jkstxkj esa jgus ls bu {ks=kksa dkxBu gksrk gSA ljdkjh rkSj ij budk iathdj.k gksuk pkfg, rkfd deZpkfj;ksa dks mi;qDr osru ;k etnwjh]isa'ku vkSj vU; lqfoèkk,¡ feyuk lqfuf'pr gks losaQA Hkkjr esa 90» ls vfèkd dk;Z pkgs og o`Qf"k] m|ksxvFkok ukSdjh gks] vlaxfBr ;k vukSipkfjd {ks=k esa vkrs gSaA laxfBr {ks=k osQ bruk NksVk gksus dk lkekftdvk'k; D;k gS\

bldk igyk vFkZ ;g gS fd cgqr de yksx cM+h iQeks± esa jkstxkj djrs gSa tgk¡ fd os nwljs {ks=kksavkSj i`"BHkwfe okys yksxksa ls fey ikrs gSaA uxjh; {ks=k bl izdkj osQ oqQN ekSosQ ns ikrk gS&uxjh; {ks=kesa vkidk iM+kslh fHkUu {ks=k dk gks ldrk gS&eksVs rkSj ij] vfèkdrj Hkkjrh; yksx NksVs iSekus ij dk;Zdj jgs LFkkuksa ij gh dke djrs gSaA ;gk¡ dk;Z osQ dbZ i{kksa dk fuèkkZj.k oS;fDrd lacaèkksa ls gksrk gSAvxj fu;kstd vkidks ilan djrk gS] rks vkidk osru c<+ ldrk gS] vxj vki mlosQ lkFk >xM+k

jkstxkj osQ vk/kj ij dkexkjksas osQ forj.k dk izfr'kr&Lo jkstxkj] fu;fervkSj vfu;fer dkexkj&fofHkUUk o"kksZa esa xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; {ks=k esaA

o"kZ1993&94 1999&2000 2004&05 2009&10

xzkeh.kLo&jkstxkj 58-0 55-8 60-2 54-2lHkh fngkM+h dkexkj 42-0 44-2 39-9 45-9fu;fer 6-5 6-8 7-1 7-3vfu;fer 35-6 37-4 32-8 38-6uxjh;Lo&jkstxkj 42-3 42-2 45-4 41-1lHkh fngkM+h dkexkj 57-7 57-8 54-5 58-9fu;fer 39-4 40-0 39-5 41-4vfu;fer 18-3 17-7 15-0 17-5

Ïksr % lsd.M ,uqvy fjiksVZ Vw n ihiqy vkWu ,EIykW;esUV & 2011

2015-16

77

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

djrs gSa rks vki viuk jkstxkj Hkh x¡ok ldrs gSaA cM+s laLFkkuksa esa ,slk ugha gksrk ogk¡ dk;Z osQ fuf'prfu;e gksrs gSa] ogk¡ fu;qfDr vfèkd ikjn'khZ gksrh gS vkSj vxj vkiosQ vius Å¡ps inkfèkdkjh ls oqQNerHksn gksrs gSa rks mldh f'kdk;r vkSj {kfriwfrZ dh fuf'pr dk;Zfofèk;k¡ gksrh gSaA nwljs] cgqr gh deHkkjrh; lqjf{kr vkSj ykHknk;d ukSdfj;ksa esa izos'k djrs gSaA tks ogk¡ gSa muesa Hkh nks&frgkbZ ljdkjh ukSdjhdjrs gSaA blhfy, ljdkjh ukSSdfj;k¡ yksdfiz; gSaA cps gq, yksx cq<+kis esa vius cPpksa ij vkfJr gksusosQ fy, ckè; gSaA tkfr] èkeZ rFkk {ks=k dh nhokjksa dks ikj djus esa ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa dh egRoiw.kZ HkwfedkgSA ,d lekt'kkL=kh roZQ nsrs gq, mu dkj.kksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa fd fHkykbZ LVhy IykaV esa lkaiznkf;dnaxs D;ksa ugha gksrs gSa\ dkj.k ;g gS fd ogk¡ Hkkjr osQ lHkh Hkkxksa osQ yksx ,d lkFk dke djrs gSaA rhljs]cgqr gh de yksx la?k osQ lnL; gSa] tks fd lqjf{kr {ks=k dh fo'ks"krk gS] os ,df=kr gksdj lkewfgd:i ls vius mi;qDr osru vkSj lqjf{kr dk;kZoLFkk osQ fy, yM+us dk vuqHko ugha j[krsA ljdkj us vcvlaxfBr {ks=kksa dh voLFkk ij fuxjkuh j[kus osQ fy, fu;e cuk, gSa] ysfdu ogk¡ Hkh dk;kZfUofr esafu;kstd vFkok BsosQnkj dh euethZ gh izHkkoh gksrh gSA

Hkkjr esa Lora=krk osQ izkjafHkd o"kks± esa vkS|ksxhdj.k

:bZ] twV] dks;yk [kkusa ,oa jsyos Hkkjr osQ izFke vkèkqfud m|ksx FksA Lora=krk osQ ckn ljdkj us vkfFkZdhdks izHkko'kkyh Å¡pkb;ksa* ij j[kkA blesa lqj{kk] ifjogu ,oa lapkj] ÅtkZ [kuu ,oa vU; ifj;kstukvksadks 'kkfey fd;k x;k ftUgsa djus osQ fy, ljdkj gh l{ke Fkh vkSj ;g futh m|ksxksa osQ iQyus&iwQyusosQ fy, Hkh vko';d FkkA Hkkjr dh fefJr vkfFkZd uhfr esa oqQN {ks=k ljdkj osQ fy, vkjf{kr Fkstcfd oqQN futh {ks=kksa osQ fy, [kqys FksA ysfdu mlesa Hkh ljdkj viuh vuqKfIr (ykblsaflax) uhfrosQ }kjk ;g lqfuf'pr djus dk iz;kl djrh gS fd ;s m|ksx fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa iSQys gq, gksaA Lora=krkosQ igys m|ksx eq[;r% canjxkg okys 'kgjksa tSls enzkl] cacbZ ,oa dydÙkk (psUubZ] eqacbZ ,oadksydkrk) rd gh lhfer FksA ysfdu mlosQ ckn vU; LFkku tSls cM+kSnk] (cM+ksnjk) dks;acVwj] cSaxyksj(caxyw#)] iwuk] iQjhnkckn ,oa jktdksV Hkh egRoiw.kZ vkS|ksfxd {ks=k cu x,A ljdkj vU; NksVs&iSekusosQ m|ksxksa dks Hkh fof'k"V izksRlkgu ,oa lgk;rk nsdj izksRlkfgr djus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA cgqr lhoLrq,¡ (enksa) tSls dkx”k ,oa ydM+h osQ lkeku] ys[ku lkexzh] 'kh'kk ,oa phuh feV~Vh tSls NksVs&iSekusosQ {ks=kksa osQ fy, vkjf{kr FksA 1991 rd oqQYk dk;Zdkjh tula[;k esa ls osQoy 28» cM+s m|ksxksa eas ukSdjhdj jgs Fks] tcfd 72» yksx NkssVs&iSekus osQ ,oa ijaijkxr m|ksxksa esa dk;Zjr Fks (jkW; 2001%11)

HkweaMyhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k ,oa Hkkjrh; m|ksxksa esa ifjorZu

lu~ 1990 osQ n'kd ls ljdkj us mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dks viuk;k gSA futh oaQifu;k¡] fo'ks"k :i lsfons'kh iQeks± dks mu {ks=kksa eas fuos'k djus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gS ftUgsa igys ;s ljdkj osQfy,] tSls nwjlapkj] ukxfjd mM~M;u ,oa ÅtkZ vkfn osQ fy, vkjf{kr FksA m|ksxksa dks [kksyus osQ fy,vuqKfIr (ykblsal) okafNr ugha gSA vc Hkkjrh; nqdkuksa ij fons'kh oLrq,¡ vklkuh ls miyCèk gks tkrhgSaA mnkjhdj.k osQ ifj.kkeLo:i cgqr lh Hkkjrh; oaQifu;ksa dks cgqns'kh; oaQifu;ksa us [kjhn fy;k gSAlkFk gh lkFk oqQN Hkkjrh; oaQifu;k¡ cgqnss'kh; oaQifu;k¡ cu xbZ gSaA bldk igyk mnkgj.k gS tc ikjysis; dks dksdk dksyk us [kjhnkA ikjys is; dh lkykuk vkenuh 250 djksM+ #i;s Fkh] tcfd dksdk dksykdk foKkiu ctV 400 djksM+ #i;s gSA foKkiu dk ;g Lrj LokHkkfod :i ls miHkksx dks c<+k nsrk

2015-16

78

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

gS] ijaijkxr dksdk dksyk us vkt dbZ Hkkjrh; is;ksa dk LFkku ys fy;k gSA mnkjhdj.k dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ{ks=k [kqnjk O;kikj gks ldrk gSA vkiosQ fopkj ls D;k Hkkjrh;] Hkkjrh; fMikVZesaVy LVksj (Hkkjrh;cgqfoHkkxh; HkaMkjksa) ls [kjhnkjh djus oQks ojh;rk nsrs gSa] vFkok os O;kikj osQ fy, ckgj tkrs gSa\

ljdkj lkoZtfud oaQifu;ksa osQ vius fgLlksa dks futh {ks=k dh oaQifu;ksa dks cspus dk iz;kl djjgh gS] ftls fofuos'k dgk tkrk gSA dbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh blls Hk;Hkhr gSa fd dgha fofuos'k osQ dkj.kmudh ukSdjh u pyh tk,A ekMUkZ iwQM ftls ljdkj us LokLF;oèkZd lLrk [kkuk miyCèk djkus osQ fy,cuk;k Fkk] vkSj og futhdj.k dh tkus okyh igyh oaQiuh Fkh] us 60» deZpkfj;ksa dks igys ik¡po"kks± esa tcju lsokeqDr dj fn;kA

vc ge ns[krs gSa fd ;g fu;e fdl rjg fo'oO;kih izo`fÙk cu x;kA vfèkdka'k oaQifu;ksa us viusLFkk;h deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k esa dVkSrh dj nh] os vius dk;Z ckálzksrksa tSls NksVh oaQiuh ls ;gk¡ rdfd ?kjkasa ls Hkh djokus yxsA cgqns'kh; oaQifu;k¡ iwjs fo'o esa ckáÏksrksa ls dke djokrh gaS] fodkl'khyns'kksa tSls Hkkjr ls mUgsa lLrs etnwj miyCèk gks tkrs gaSA D;ksafd NksVh oaQifu;ksa dks cM+h oaQifu;ksa lsdk;Z izkIr djus osQ fy, LièkkZ djuh gksrh gS vr% os dkexkjksa dks de osru nsrs gSa vkSj dk;kZoLFkkHkh vfèkdrj [kjkc gksrh gSA NksVh iQeks± esa etnwj laxBuksa dk xBu Hkh eqf'dy gksrk gSA vfèkdka'koaQifu;k¡] ;gk¡ rd fd ljdkj Hkh vc ckáÏksrksa vkSj vuqcaèk ij dke djokus yxh gSA ysfdu ;gizo`fÙk futh {ks=kksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

lkjka'k esa] Hkkjr vHkh Hkh ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA lsok {ks=k& nqdkusa] cSad] vkbZ-Vh- m|ksx] gksVYl]vkSj vU; lsokvksa osQ {ks=k eas] vfèkd yksx vk jgs gaS vkSj uxjh; eè;oxZ dh la[;k Hkh c<+ jgh gS]uxjh; eè;oxZ osQ lkFk os ewY; tks Vsyhfotu lhfj;yksa vkSj fI+kQYeksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa Hkh c<+ jgs gSaAijarq ge ;g Hkh ns[krs gSa fd Hkkjr esa cgqr de yksxksa osQ ikl lqjf{kr jkstxkj gSa] ;gk¡ rd fd NksVhla[;k osQ LFkk;h lqjf{kr jkstxkj Hkh vuqcafèkr dkexkjksa osQ dkj.k vlqjf{kr gksrs tk jgs gSaA vc rdljdkjh jkstxkj gh tula[;k osQ vf/dka'k yksxksa dk dY;k.k djus dk ,d cM+k ekxZ Fkk] ysfdu vc

ckWDl 5-1Hkkjrh; ck”kkj eas [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksa dh ?kqliSBbl le; Hkkjr osQ [kqnjk O;kikj {ks=k dh uhfr izos'k osQ fy, ,dne vuqowQy gksus osQ dkj.k nqfu;kHkj osQ cM+s&ls&cM+s O;kikj lewg ftuesa okWyekVZ LVkslZ] oSQjsiQksj vkSj VsLdks 'kfey gSa] bl ns'k esa izos'kosQ fy, vkrqj jgs gSaA tcfd fonsf'k;ksa }kjk ck”kkj esa izR;{k iw¡th&fuos'k ij ljdkj dh vksj ls izfrcaèk yxk gqvk gSAfjyk;al baMLVªht vkSj Hkkjrh; ,;jVsy tSls cM+s&cM+s Hkkjrh; O;kolkf;d lewgksa }kjk gky esa Hkkjh iw¡th&fuos'k fd;kx;k gS ftldh otg ls bu fons'kh [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksa }kjk Hkh tYnh ls tYnh fuos'k djus dh vko';drk eglwl dhtk jgh gSA xr lIRkkg Hkkjrh; ,;jVsy us ;g laosQr fn;k fd okWyekVZ] oSQjsiQksj vkSj VsLdks osQ chp gq, okrkZykiksa osQnkSjku ;g irk pyk fd os Hkh [kqnjk {ks=k esa la;qDr m|e yxkus dh ckr lksp jgs gSaA Hkkjr dk [kqnjk {ks=k ;gk¡ dhrhoz lao`f¼ osQ dkj.k gh vkd"kZd ugha cu x;k gS cfYd blfy, Hkh fd ogk¡ laiw.kZ jk"Vª dk 97 izfr'kr O;olk; ifjokjksa}kjk lapkfyr uqDdM+ nqdkuksa osQ tfj, pyk;k tk jgk gSA ysfdu m|eksa dh bl fo'kss"krk dks ns[krs gq, ljdkj fonsf'k;ksadks ck”kkj esa izos'k djus ls D;ksa jksd jgh gS\ jktuhfrd yksx vDlj ;g nyhy nsrs gSa fd HkweaMyh; [kqnjk O;kikjhgtkjksa NksVs LFkkuh; rFkk ?kjsyw O;kikfj;ksa dh Üka[kyk vkSj gky eas mHkj jgs Lons'kh [kqnjk O;kikj lewgksa dks cckZn dj nsaxsA

lzksr % baVjus'kuy gSjkYM fVªC;wu] 3 vxLr 2006

2015-16

79

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

og Hkh de gksrk tk jgk gSA oqQN vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us bl ij fopkj foe'kZ Hkh fd;k ysfdu fo'oO;kihmnkjhdj.k ,oa futhdj.k osQ lkFk vkenuh dh vlekurk,¡ Hkh c<+ jgh gaSA vkidks bl fo"k; ijvfèkd tkudkjh HkweaMyhdj.k osQ vxys vè;k; eas i<+us dks feysxhA

lkFk gh cM+s m|ksxksa esa Hkh lqjf{kr jkstxkj de gksrk tk jgk gS] ljdkj us Hkh m|ksx yxkus osQ fy,Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k dh uhfr izkjaHk dh gSA ;s m|ksx vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ yksxksa dks jkstxkj ugha fnyokrsgSa cfYd ;s ogk¡ tcjnLr iznw"k.k iSQykrs gSaA cgqr ls fdlkuksa ftuesa eq[; :i ls vkfnoklh 'kkfeygSa] oqQYk foLFkkfirksa esa ;s djhc 40» gSa us {kfriwfrZ dh de nj osQ fy, fojksèk fd;k vkSj bUgsa tcjufngkM+h etnwj cuuk iM+k vkSj mUgsa cM+s 'kgjksa osQ iqQVikFk ij dke djrs ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vki vè;k;3 esa nh xbZ fgrksa dh izfr;ksfxrk dh ifjppkZ dks ;kn dhft,A

vxys Hkkx eas ge ns[krs gSa fd yksx fdl rjg dke ikrs gSa] os okLro esa vius dk;ZLFky ij D;kdjrs gSa vkSj fdl rjg dh dk;kZoLFkk ls :&c&: gksrs gSa\

5-3 yksx dke fdl rjg ikrs gSavxj vki cqèkokj lqcg dk VkbEl vkWI+kQ bafM;k ns[ksaxs rks mlesa VkbEl ,lsUV* osQ uke ls ,d fof'k"Vi`"B ik,¡xs] ;gk¡ jks”kxkj osQ foKkiu gksrs gSa] vkSj vius vki ls vFkok vius dkexkj ls vPNk dkeysus osQ fy, izsfjr djus osQ lq>ko gksrs gSaA

ckWDl la- 5-2 lkoZtfud {ks=k dh ukSdfj;ksa dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA dke ikus okys O;fDr dks vU;ykHk tSls edku fdjk;k HkÙkk Hkh feyrk gSA dk;Z osQ fy, okafNr ;ksX;rk,¡ cgqr foLrkj ls of.kZr gksrhgSaA ,sls dk;ks± esa inksUufr osQ izkoèkku gksrs gSa vkSj vkidh ofj"Brk dks Hkh Lohdkjk vkSj egÙo fn;ktkrk gSA

vc ge ckWDl la- 5-3 esa futh {ks=k dh ukSdfj;ksa osQ ckjs eas tkudkjh izkIRk djrs gSaA ;g Hkh ,dfu;fer osru okyh ukSdjh gS] ;g ,d tkus ekus gksVy dh ukSdjh gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ osru ,oa t:jh

2015-16

80

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

ckWDl 5-3jSfMlu gksVy] fnYYkhtYn gh viuk fu"Bkokudk;ZØe 'kq: dj jgk gS

xzkgd lsok lapkydofj"B Vsyh&foØ; lapkyd

izR;k'kh dks vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk ij vPNh idM+ gkscspus dh lgt lao`f¼ okys vkosnu djsa] fiNyk

vUkqHko vf/ekU;

ge ,d ik¡p flrkjk dk;Z ekgkSy izLrkfor djrs gSa]vfojr fodkl ,oa izf'k{k.k] izsj.kkLin okrkoj.k] fnudk dke vkSj vPNk osru@izksRlkgu va'k dkfyd ,oa

iw.kZdkfyd fodYi miyC/A

30 vxLr ls 1 flracj 2006 izkr% 9-30 ls lk;adky6-30 rd I+kQksu djsa

I+kQksu % 66407361@66407351@66407353vFkok viuk lh oh iSQDl djsa 26779062

vFkok bZ esy djsa&memberhelpdesk@radissondel.com.

jSMhlu

ckWDl 5-2n;ky flag egkfo|ky;(fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; }kjk lapkfyr dkWyst)yksèkh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110003izkpk;Z osQ in osQ fy, izkFkZuk i=k vkeaf=kr fd, tkrs gSa osrueku #-16400&22400 gS (de ls de #i;s 17]300izfrekg) Mh-,_ lh-lh-,] ,p-vkj-,-] Vh-,- ,oa vU; ykHkksa osQ lkFk] ;g fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; osQ fu;ekuqlkj gksxkA;ksX;rk

(i) lac¼ fo"k; esa de ls de 55 izfr'kr vad vFkok ch xzsM osQ led{k lfgr LukrdksÙkj mikfèk xzsM iSekus osQvuqlkj ch] xzsM lkr lw=kh; iSekus tSls vks] ,] ch] lh] Mh] bZ] vkSj ,iQ gSA

(ii) ih,p-Mh- vFkok led{k mikfèk(iii) oqQy 15 o"kZ dk i<+kus dk vuqHko vkSj@vFkok fo'ofo|ky;@egkfo|ky; vFkok vU; led{k laLFkku ls iksLV

MkWDVksjy 'kksèk dk;±izkFkZuk i=k esa ;ksX;rk] vuqHko] mez bR;kfn dk iwjk fooj.k nsa rFkk iqf"V djus okys lHkh nLrkostksa osQ lkFk vè;{k] 'kklhfudk;] n;ky flag dkWyst] yksèkh jksM] u;h fnYyh 110003 esa bl foKfIr osQ tkjh gksus osQ 15 fnu osQ vanj eqgjcanfyiQkisQ esa igq¡puk pkfg,Aps;jesu'kklh fudk; (xojfuax ckWMh)

;ksX;rk,¡ yphyh gSa] vkSj ;g ,d vuqcaèk dh rjg dk dkegSA lkFk esa fn, x, foKkiu esa nh xbZ Hkk"kk dks tjk nsf[k,AtSls ,d fu"Bkoku dk;ZØe dh rjgA izR;sd laxBu viusLo;a osQ fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj dk;Z djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA

ysfdu cgqr de vuqikr esa yksx foKkiu ;k jkstxkjdk;kZy; osQ }kjk ukSdjh izkIr dj ikrs gSaA os yksx tksLofu;ksftr gSa tSls&uylkt] fctyh feL=kh vkSj c<+bZ([kkrh ;k rj[kku) ,d rjI+kQ gSa vkSj futh V~;w'ku nsus okysvè;kid] okLrqdkj vkSj Lora=k :i ls dke djus okysNk;k fp=kdkj] nwljh rjI+kQ gSa] bu lHkh dh dk;Z vofèkbuosQ futh laidks± ij fuHkZj jgrh gSA os lksprs gSa fd mudkdke gh mudk foKkiu gSA eksckby I+kQksu us uylktksa ,oavU; ,sls yksxksa dh ftanxh dks vfèkd ljy cuk fn;k gS]vc os ”;knk yksxksas osQ fy, dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA

,d I+kSQDVªh osQ dkexkjksa dks jks”kxkj nsus dk rjhdk fHkUugksrk gSA igys cgqr ls dkexkj BsosQnkj ;k dke nsus okyksals jks”kxkj ikrs FksA dkuiqj diM+k fey esa jks”kxkj fnykusokys dks feL=kh cksyrs Fks] vkSj os [kqn Hkh ogk¡ dke djrsFksA os leku {ks=kksa ;k leqnk;ksa ls etnwj dh rjg vkrs Fks]ijarq ekfyd mu ij o`Qikyq gksrs Fks vr% os lc dkexkjksaosQ eqf[k;k cu tkrs FksA nwljh rjI+kQ feL=kh futh dkexkjksa ijleqnk; lacaèkh ncko Mkyrk FkkA vktdy dke fnykus okys

80

2015-16

81

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

dk egÙo de gks x;k gS] vkSj dk;Zdkfj.kh rFkk ;wfu;u nksuksa gh vius yksxksa dks dke fnykus esaegRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA oqQN dkexkj ;g Hkh pkgrs gSa fd mudk dke muosQ cPpksa dks ns fn;ktk,A cgqr lh I+kSQfDVª;ksa esa cnyh dkexkj Hkh gksrs gSa] tks fd NqV~Vh ij x, gq, etnwjksa osQ LFkku ijdke djrs gSaA cgqr ls cnyh dkexkj ,d gh oaQiuh esa cgqr yacs le; ls dke dj jgs gksrs gSa fdarqmUgsa lcosQ leku LFkk;h in vkSj lqj{kk ugha nh tkrh gSA bls laxfBr {ks=k esa vuqcafèkr dk;Z dgrs gSaA

gkyk¡fd] fngkM+h etnwjksa osQ dke dh BsosQnkjh O;oLFkk ”;knkrj Hkou&fuekZ.k dk;Z osQ LFkku ij;k b±Vs cukus osQ LFkku vkfn ij fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA BsosQnkj xk¡o tkrk gS vkSj ogk¡ dke pkgus okyksa ls blosQckjs esa iwNrk gSA og mUgsa oqQN iSlk mèkkj Hkh nsrk gS] mèkkj fn, x, iSls esa dke osQ LFkku rd vkusosQ ;krk;kr dk iSlk gksrk gSA mèkkj iSlk vfxze fngkM+h ekuk tkrk gS] vkSj tc rd mèkkj ugha pqoQtkrk og fcuk iSls osQ dke djrk gSA igys o`Qf"k etnwj vius dtZs osQ cnys tehankj osQ ikl caèkqvketnwj dh rjg jgrs FksA vc m|ksxksaa esa vfu;r dkexkj osQ :i esa tkrss gSa] gkyk¡fd os vHkh Hkh d”kZnkjgSa] ijarq os vuqcaèkd osQ vU; lkekftd nkf;Roksa ls c¡èks gq, ugha gksrs gSaA bl vFkZ esa] os vkS|ksfxdlekt esa vfèkd eqDr gSaA os vuqcaèk dks rksM+dj fdlh vkSj osQ ;gk¡ dke <w¡<+ ldrs gSaA dHkh&dHkhiwjk ifjokj izolu dj tkrk gS vkSj cPps dke esa vius ekrk firk dh lgk;rk djrs gSaA

nf{k.k xqtjkr osQ b±V osQ Hk^ksa esa etnwjksa osQ ny

nf{k.kh xqtjkr eas b±V osQ ckM+sesa dke gksus osQ ekSle eas yxHkx30 ls 40 g”kkj dkexkj dk;Zdjrs gSaA b±V osQ HkV~Vksa osQ ekfydÅ¡ph tkfr osQ yksx tSls ikjlh ;knslkbZ gksrs gSaA iztkifr] tkfr osQyksx bu b±V osQ ckM+s ij viukikjaifjd fe^h dk dk;Z djrs gSaAdkexkj vfèkdka'kr% LFkkuh; ;kizoklh nfyr gksrs gSaA mUgsa BsosQnkjosQ }kjk jks”kxkj ij j[kk tkrk gS

vkSj ;s 9 ls 11 lnL;ksa dh Vksyh esa dke djrs gSaA iq#"k feV~Vh dks lkurs vkSj mls b±V dk vkdkjnsrs gSa rFkk NksVs cPps mUgsa lq[kkus osQ LFkku ij ys tkrs gSaA efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dh ,d Vksyh b±Vksadks HkV~Vksa ij ys tkrh gS a tgk¡ iq#"k mUgsa idkrs gSa] vkSj fiQj ls mUgas Vªdksa ij ykn fn;k tkrk gSA

izR;sd Vksyh jks”kkuk 2500 ls 3000 b±Vs cuk ysrh gSA tYnh dke djus okyk lewg 10 ?kaVsesa vkSj èkhes dke djus okyk 14 ?kaVs esa viuk dke [kRe djrk gSA 6 o"kZ dh mez ls cPps firk}kjk cukbZ xbZ rk”kk b±Vksa dks jkr eas mBkus dk dke djrs gSaA xhyh b±Vksa dk otu yxHkx 3 fdyksgksrk gSA jkr osQ v¡èksjs esa NksVs cPps ,d&,d b±V dks vkèkkj iV~Vh ij j[kus osQ fy, nkSM+rs gSaA tcos ukS o"kZ osQ gks tkrs gSa rks mUgsa nks b±Vs mBkus dh inksUufr feyrh gSA lekt'kkL=kh tku czseu dgrsgSa fd muosQ ekrk&firk mUgas jksrs gq, muosQ fcLrjksa ls txk nsrs gSaA

ckWDl 5-4

2015-16

82

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

5-4 dke dks fdl rjg fd;k tkrk gS\

bl Hkkx esa ge ;g tkudkjh nsaxs fd dke dks okLRko esa fdl rjg fd;k tkrk gSA gekjs vklikl geftu mRiknksa dks ns[krs gSa mUgsa oSQls cuk;k tkrk gS\ ,d vkWfiQl ;k iSQDVªh esa eSustj vkSj dkexkjksa osQlacaèk oSQls gksrs gSa\ Hkkjr esa cM+s oQk;ZLFkyksa eas laiw.kZ dk;Z dks Lor% ?kj eas gks jgs mRiknu dh rjg fd;ktkrk gSA

eSustj dk eq[; dk;Z gksrk gS dkexkjksa dks fu;af=kr j[kuk vkSj muls vfèkd dke djokukA dkexkjksals vfèkd dk;Z djokus osQ nks rjhosQ gksrs gSaA igyk dk;Z osQ ?kaVksa esa o`f¼A nwljk fuèkkZfjr fn, x, le;esa mRikfnr oLrq dh ek=kk dks c<+k nsukA e'khusa mRiknu dks c<+kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA ijarq ;s [krjs HkhiSnk djrh gSa vkSj varr% e'khusa dkexkjksa dk LFkku ys jgh gSSaA blhfy, ekDlZ vkSj egkRek xk¡èkh nksuksaus e'khuhdj.k dks jkstxkj osQ fy, [krjk ekukA

mRiknu c<+kus dk nwljk rjhdk gS dk;Z dks laxfBr :i ls djukA ,d vesfjdu izSQMfjd fouLyksVsyj us 1890 eas ^oSKkfud izcaèku* osQ uke ls ,d O;oLFkk dk vfo"dkj fd;k FkkA bls ^Vsyfj”e*;k vkS|ksfxd bathfu;fjax (baMfLVª;y bathfu;fjax)Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl O;oLFkk osQ varxZr dk;Z dks

fgan LojkT; eas xk¡èkh th vkSj e'khu 1924& eSae'khuksa osQ izfr ikxyiu dk fojksèkh gw¡] ysfdue'khukas dk fojksèkh ugha gw¡A eSa ml lud dk fojksèkhgw¡ tks e”knwjksa dks de djrh gSaA vkneh Je lscpus osQ fy, etnwjksa dks de djrs tk,¡xs tcfdg”kkjkas etnwjksa dks fcuk dke osQ lM+dksa ij Hkw[k lsejus osQ fy, isaQd u fn;k tk,A eSa le; vkSjetnwj nksuksa dks cpkuk pkgrk gw¡A ekuotkfr osQfo[kaMu osQ fy, ugha cfYd lcosQ fy,A eSa laifÙkdks oqQN gkFkksa eas ,df=kr ugha gksus nsuk pkgrk]cfYd mls lcosQ gkFkksa esa ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A1934& ,d jk"Vª osQ :i esa tc ge p[kZs dksviukrs gSa rks ge u osQoy csjks”kxkjh dh leL;kdk lekèkku djrs gSa cfYd ;g Hkh ?kksf"kr djrs gSafd gekjh fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dk 'kks"k.k djus dh bPNkugha gS] vkSj ge vehjksa }kjk xjhcksa osQ 'kks"k.k dksHkh lekIr djuk pkgrs gSaAmnkgj.k }kjk crkb, fd e'khusa fdl rjg dkexkjksaosQ fy, leL;k iSnk djrh gSa\ xk¡èkhth osQ fnekxeas D;k fodYi Fkk\ p[ksZ dks viukus ls 'kks"k.k dksoSQls jksdk tk ldrk gS\

fØ;kdyki 5-2

LowQVj dk dkj[kkuk

2015-16

83

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

NksVs ls NksVs iqujko`fÙk rRoksa esa rksM+dj dkexkjksa osQ eè; foHkkftr djus dk izkoèkku FkkA dkexkjksa dksftruk le; fn;k tkrk Fkk mlesa mUgas dk;Z dks jks”kkuk mrus gh le; esa vo'; lekIr djuk iM+rkFkkA blosQ fy, os LVkiokp dh lgk;rk ysrs FksA dk;Z dks rs”kh ls lekIr djus osQ fy, ,lsacyh ykbudk Jh x.ks'k gqvkA izR;sd dkexkj dks dUos;j csYV osQ lkFk cSBdj vafre mRikn osQ osQoy ,d iqtZsdks mlesa tksM+uk FkkA dk;Z djus dh xfr dks dUos;j csYV dh xfr osQ lkFk O;ofLFkr fd;k x;kA 1980osQ n'kd esa bl rjg dk iz;kl fd;k x;k ftlesa izR;{k fu;a=k.k osQ LFkku ij vizR;{k fu;a=k.k dhO;oLFkk dh xbZ Fkh] tgk¡ dkexkjksa dks izsfjr fd, tkus dk izkoèkku Fkk rFkk mUgsa izcksfèkr djus dk Hkhizkoèkku FkkA ijarq ge dHkh&dHkh gh bl iqjkuh Vk;yfjTe izfØ;k dks cpk gqvk ikrs gSaA

Hkkjr dk ,d lcls iqjkuk m|ksx gS diM+k fey ogk¡ osQ dkexkj vius vki dks e'khu osQ foLrkjdh rjg of.kZr djrs gSaA ,d iqjkuk cqudj jkepanz tks fd 1940 eas dkuiqj diM+k fey eas dke djrkFkk dgrk gS&

vkidks ÅtkZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS] vk¡[ks] xnZu] Vk¡xs] gkFk vkSj 'kjhj dk izR;sd fgLlk?kwerk gSSA cqukbZ osQ dke esa yxkrkj VdVdh yxkuh iM+rh gS] vki dgha ugha tk ldrs] vkidk iwjk è;ku e'khu ij osaQfnzr gksuk pkfg,A tc pkj e'khusa py jgh gksa rks pkjksa dks pyukpkfg,] mUgsa #duk ugha pkfg, (tks'kh 2003)

vfèkd e'khuksa okys m|ksxksaesa] de yksxksa dks dke fn;k tkrkgS] ysfdu tks gksrs gSa mUgsa Hkhe'khuh xfr ls dke djuk gksrkgSA ek#fr m|ksx fyfeVsM esa izR;sdfeuV esa nks dkjsa rS;kj gksdj,df=kr gksus okys LFkku ij vktkrh gSaA iwjs fnu esa dkexkjksa dksosQoy 45 feuV dk foJke feyrkgS & nks pk; dh Nqfêð;k¡ lk<s+lkr feuV izR;sd vkSj vkèkk ?kaVk[kkus dh NqVhðA muesa ls izR;sd40 o"kZ dk gksus rd iwjh rjgFkd tkrk gS vkSj LoSfPNdvodk'k ys ysrk gSA tcfdmRiknu vfèkd gks jgk gS vkSjdkj[kkus esa LFkk;h :i ls dke djus okyksa dh la[;k de gks xbZ gSA dkj[kkus eas lHkh dk;Z tSls lI+kQkbZ]lqj{kk ;gk¡ rd fd iqtks± dk mRiknu Hkh cká Ïksrksa ls gksrk gSA iqtsZ nsus okys] dkj[kkus osQ vkliklgh jgrs gSa vkSj izR;sd iqtsZ dks nks ?kaVs ;k fu;r le; esa Hkst nsrs gSaA cká Ïksrkas ls fd;k x;k dk;Zle; ij iwjk gks tkrk gS vkSj oaQiuh dks lLrk iM+rk gSA ysfdu blls dkexkjksa esa ruko vk tkrk gS]vxj mudh lIykbZ ugha vk ikrh] rks muosQ mRIkknu dk y{; foyac ls iwjk gks ikrk gS] vkSj tc ogvk tkrk gS rks mls j[kus osQ fy, mUgsa HkkxnkSM+ djuh iM+Rkh gSA dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha vxj ,slk djus esaos iwjh rjg fu<ky gks tkrs gSaA

fiazfVax izsl dk ,d n`';

2015-16

84

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

bu dk;Z ?kaVksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i caxyksj] gSnjkckn vkSj xqM+xk¡o tSls LFkkuksa tgk¡ cgqr lh vkbZ-Vh-oaQifu;k¡ vkSj dkWy lsaVj gSa] nqdkuksa vkSj jsLrjkvksa us Hkh vius [kqyus dk le; cny fn;k gS] vkSj nsjhls [kqyus yxs gSaA vxj ifr iRuh nksuksa ukSdjh djrs gSa rks cPpksa dks f'k'kqikyu x`g eas NksM+k tkrk gSAla;qDr ifjokj tks fd yqIrizk; gks x, Fks Hkh vkS|ksxhdj.k osQ dkj.k fiQj ls cuus yxs gSa] ge ns[krsgSa fd nknk&nknh cPpksa dh enn ls ifjokj eas iqu% LFkkfir gks x, gSaA

Lkekt'kkL=k eas ,d egRoiw.kZ fookn gS fd D;k vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj ukSdjh esa ifjorZu ls ftleas fdKku ij vkèkkfjr dk;Z tSls lwpuk rduhd gS] D;k buls lekt dh oqQ'kyrk c<+ jgh gS\ Hkkjr esa lwpukrduhd dh o`f¼ dks of.kZr djus osQ fy, izk;% ,d lwfDr lquus eas vkrh gS ukWyst bdkWukseh* (KkuvkfFkZdh)A ysfdu vki ,d fdlku dh n{krk dh rqyuk fdlls djsaxs tks ;g tkurk gS fd dbZ lkSiQlyksa dks oSQls mxk;k tkrk gSA D;k vki mldh ekSle] fe^h vkSj cht dh le> ij fo'okl djsaxs;k fd ,d lkWÝVos;j O;olk;h ij\ nksuksa gh vius dk;ks± esa n{k gSa ysfdu vyx rjg lsA izfl¼lekt'kkL=kh gSjh czsojeSu ;g roZQ nsrs gSa fd okLRko esa e'khuksa dk iz;ksx dk;ZdrkZvksa dh n{krk dks dedjrk gSA mnkjg.k osQ fy, igys okLrqdkj dks uDdk'kh esa n{krk Hkh gkfly Fkh ijaRkq vc daI;wVj muosQcgqr ls dke dj nsrk gSA

5-5 dk;kZoLFkk,¡

ge lcdks 'kfDr] ,d etcwr ?kj] diM+s vkSj vU; lkekuksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ysfdu gesa ;kn j[kukpkfg, ;s fdlh osQ (izk;% cgqr [kjkc voLFkk eas) dke djus dh otg ls gesa izkIRk gksrs gSaA ljdkj usdk;Z dh n'kkvksa dks csgrj djus osQ fy, cgqr ls dkuwu cuk fn, gSaA vc ge ,d [knku dh voLFkkdks ns[krs gSa tgk¡ cgqr ls yksx dke djrs gSaA osQoy dks;ys dh [kku eas gh 5-5 yk[k yksx dke djrs

ckWDl 5-5vkbZ-Vh- {ks=k esa ^le; dh pkdjh*vkSlru 10&12 ?kaVs dk dk;Zfnol] vkSj jkrHkj dk;Z djus okys deZpkjh Hkh vlkekU; ckr ugha gSa](ftls ^ukbV vkmV* dgrs gSa) tc mudh ifj;kstuk dh vafRkelhek vk tkrh gSA yacss dk;Z ?kaVksa dk gksuk ,d m|ksxdh osaQnzh; ^dk;Z laLo`Qfr* gksrh gSA oqQN gn rd bldk dkj.k Hkkjr vkSj xzkgd osQ ns'k osQ chp le; dh fHkUurkHkh gS] tSls fd lEesyu dk le; 'kke oQk gksrk gS tcfd vesfjdk eas ml le; dk;Z fnol dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA nwljkdkj.k cká Ïksrksa dh dk;Z lajpuk esa vfèkd dk;Z dk gksuk gS tks] ifj;kstuk dh ykxr vkSj le;lhek osQ rkyesyls tqM+h gksrh gSA ,d vkB ?kaVs dke djus okys bathfu;j osQ Je osQ vkèkkj ij dke dks vafre lhek rd igq¡pkus osQfy, mls vfrfjDr ?kaVksa vkSj fnuksa rd dke djuk iM+rk gSA vfrfjDr dk;Z ?kaVksa dks lkekU; O;oLFkkfir ÝySDlh&Vkbe*lkekU; O;oLFkkiu osQ iz;ksx }kjk roZQlaxr (oSèkrk) cuk;k tkrk gS] tks fd lS¼kafrd :i esa dk;ZdrkZ dks vius dk;ZosQ ?kaVs fu;r djus dh NwV nsrh gS (,d lhek rd) ysfdu izk;ksfxd :i eas bldk vFkZ gS fd os rc rd dk;Z djsatc rd fd os gkFk eas fy, gq, dk;Z dks lekIr u dj nsaA ysfdu blosQ ckotwn Hkh tc muosQ ikl okLro eas dk;Zdk ncko ugha gksrk] rc Hkh os vkWfiQl eas nsj rd #d tkrs gSa] tks fd ;k rks lkfFk;ksa osQ ncko osQ dkj.k gksrk gS vFkokos vius vfèkdkfj;ksa dks fn[kkuk pkgrs gSa fd os dM+h esgur dj jgs gSaA(oSQjksy mikè;k iQksFkZdfeax)

vc tjk lsok osQ {ks=kksa dks ns[kk tk,A lkWÝVos;j esa dke djus okys yksx eè;e oxhZ; vkSj iw.kZRk%f'kf{kr gksrs gSaA mudk dk;Z Lor%LiwQrZ ,oa jpukRed gksrk gSA ij tSlkfd ckWDl esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fdmudk dk;Z Hkh Vk;yfjTe yscj izfozQ;k osQ vuq:i gh gksrk gSA

2015-16

85

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

gSaA [knku ,DV 1952 us Li"V fd;k gS fd ,d O;fDr [kku esa lIrkg esa vfèkd ls vfèkd fdrus ?kaVsdk;Z dj ldrk gS] vfrfjDr ?kaVksa rd dke djus ij mls vyx ls iSlk fn;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj lqj{kk osQfu;eksa dk ikyu gksuk pkfg,A cM+h oaQIkfu;ksa esa bu fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu NksVh [kkuksavkSj [kqyh [kkuksa esa ughaA ;gk¡ rd fd mi&Bsdk dh izo`fÙk Hkh c<+rh tk jgh gS A dbZ BsosQnkj etnwjksa dkjftLVj Hkh Bhd ls ugha j[krs gSaa] vr% os nq?kZVUkk dh voLFkk esa fdlh Hkh ykHk dks nsus dh ftEEksnkjhls eqdj ldrs gSaA ,d [kku dk dk;ZlekIr gksus ij oaQiuh dks ml LFkkuij fd, x, xM~<s dks Hkjdj mltxg dks igys tSlh dj nsuh pkfg,]ij os ,slk ugha djrs gSaA

Hkwfexr [kkuksa esa dk;Z djus okysdkexkj ck<+] vkx] Åijh ;k lrgosQ fgLls osQ èk¡lus ls cgqr [krjukdfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gSaA xSlksa osQmRltZu vkSj vkWDLkhtu osQ can gksusosQ dkj.k cgqr ls dkexkjksa dks lk¡lls lacafèkr chekfj;k¡ gks tkrh gSaA tSls{k; jksx ;k flfydksfllA tks [kqyh[kkuksa esa dke djrs gSa os rst èkwi vkSjo"kkZ esa dke djrs gSa] [kku osQ iQVUks ls ;k fdlh pht osQ fxjus ls vkus okyh pksV dk lkeuk Hkh djrsgSaA bl rjg gksus okyh nq?kZVukvksa dh nj Hkkjr eas vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa dkI+ kQh T;knk gSA

ckWDl 5-6Vkbe jfuax vkmV iQkWj 54 VªsIM ekbulZ bu >kj[kaMvkb-,-,u-,l-] flracj 7] 2006

ukxnk dh HkVMhg dks;yk [kkuksa esa 54 [kkudehZ tks cqèkokj dh jkr dks i¡Ql x,] mudh [kkusa xSlksa dh vfèkdrk dhotg ls iQV xbZ FkhaA jkr osQ djhc 8 cts foLIkQksV gqvk] tks fd feFksu vkSj dkcZu ekssuksDlkbM dh vfèkdrk vkSj nckoosQ dkj.k gqvkA ;g dks;ys dh [kku Hkkjr oqQfdax dksy fyfeVsM (ch-lh-lh-,y-) dh FkhA foLiQksV bruk rsst Fkk fdmlus 17 uacj dh >qdh gqbZ ,d Vu dh Vªksyh dks ckgj isaQd fn;kA

pkj cpko Vksfy;ksa dks xfBr fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu muosQ ikl [kku dh xgjkbZ eas tgk¡ nq?kZVuk gqbZ Fkh igudj tkusosQ fy, leqfpr ek=kk esa vkWDlhtu ekLd ugha gSA

[kku esa i¡Qls gq, vfèkdk¡'k [kkudeh± 20 ls 30 Ok"kZ dh mez osQ gSaAifjokj osQ yksxksa vkSj ;wfu;u yhMjksa us ch-lh-lh-,y- osQ O;oLFkkidksa ij nks"kkjksi.k fd;k gSA ;g ch-lh-lh-,y- dh

tgjhyh [kkuksa eas ls ,d gS] O;oLFkkidksa us ogk¡ lqj{kk osQ dksbZ mik; miyCèk ugha djk j[ks gaS] la?k osQ ,d lnL;us crk;k fd [kku eas ikuh fNM+dus dh e'khu vkSj xSl VsfLVax e'khu miyCèk gksuh pkfg, Fkh] ysfdu ogk¡ ,slk dksbZbartke ugha fd;k x;k gSA

dbZ m|ksxksa esa dkexkj izoklh gksrs gSaA eNyh lalkèku tks leqqnz osQ fdukjs gksrs gSa esa vfèkdka'kr%rfeyukMq] dukZZZVd ,oa osQjy dh ,dy ;qok efgyk,¡ dk;Z djrh gSaA ;s nl&Ckkjg dh la[;k esa ,d

[kqyh [knku

2015-16

86

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

NksVs ls dejs esa jgrh gSa] dHkh&dHkh rks os ogk¡ ikjh eas jgrh gSaA ;qok efgykvksa dks vkKkdkjh (fouez)vkSj MVdj dke djus okyh ekuk tkrk gSA dbZ iq#"k Hkh vosQys izokl djrs gSa] os ;k rks vfookfgrgksrs gSa] ;k vius ifjokj dks xk¡o eas NksM+dj vkrs gSaA lu~ 1992 eas mM+hlk osQ 2 yk[k izokfl;ksa eas ls85» ,dy ;qok FksA bu izokfl;ksa osQ ikl lkekftdrk fUkHkkus osQ fy, cgqr de le; gksrk gS vkSjtks Hkh FkksM+k cgqr gksrk gS mls os vU; izoklh dkexkjksa osQ lkFk O;rhr djrs gSaA ,sls jk"Vª esa tgk¡ la;qDrifjokj dk gLr{ksi gksrk gS] yksxksa dk HkweaMyhdj.k dh vFkZ O;oLFkk esa dke djuk mUgsa vosQysiu vkSjvlqj{kk dh rjI+kQ ys tkrk gSA vHkh Hkh cgqr lh ;qok efgyk,¡ oqQN Lora=krk vkSj vkfFkZd Lok;rÙkkdk izfrfufèkRo djrh gSaA

5-6 ?kjksa esa gksus okyk dke?kjksa ij fd;k tkus okyk dke vkfFkZdh dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA blesa ysl cukuk] ”kjh ;k czksosQM dkdke] xyhpksa] chfM+;ksa] vxjcfÙk;kas vkSj ,sls gh vU; mRiknksa dks cuk;k tkrk gSA ;s dk;Z eq[; :i

ls efgykvksa ;k cPpksa }kjk fd, tkrs gSaA ,d ,tsaV(izfrfufèk) bUgas dPpk eky ns tkrk gS vkSj laiw.kZdk;Z dks ys Hkh tkrk gSA ?kj ij dk;Z djus okyksa dksphtksa osQ ux (ihl) osQ fglkc ls iSls fn, tkrs gSa]tks bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mUgkasus fdrus ux(ihl) cuk, gSaA

vc ge chM+h m|ksx osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh ysrs gSaAchM+h cukus dh izfØ;k taxy osQ ikl okys xk¡oksa ls'kq: gksrh gSA ogk¡ xk¡o okys rasnq iÙks rksM+dj taxykrfoHkkx ;k futh BsosQnkj dks csp nsrs gSa tks fd blsokil taxykr foHkkx dks csp nsrk gSA vkSlru ,dvkneh fnu Hkj esa 100 caMy (gjsd esa 50 iÙks gksrsgSa) bd_s dj ldrk gSA ljdkj chM+h dkj[kkuksa osQekfydksa dks ;s iÙks uhyke dj nsrh gS] tks os BsosQnkjksadks ns nsrs gSaA BsosQnkj buesa rackowQ Hkjus osQ fy, okil?kj ij dke djus okyksa dks ns nsrk gSA ;s vfèkdka'kr%efgyk,¡ gksrh gSa] ;s igys iÙkksa dks xhyk djosQxksykdkj dj nsrh gSa] fiQj mls dkVrh gSa] fiQj rackowQHkjdj mls ck¡èk nsrh gSaA BsosQnkj chfM+;ksa dks ogk¡ ls

86

fØ;kdyki 5-3

irk yxkb, fd chM+h oSQls curh gS vkSj oSQlsvfHklkfèkr gksdj chM+h dkexkj osQ ikligq¡prh gS\

chM+h osQ fofHkUu czkaM

2015-16

87

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

5-7 gM+rkysa ,oa etnwj la?k

cgqr ls dkexkj etnwj la?k osQ Hkkx gksrs gSaA Hkkjr esa etnwj la?kksa esa {ks=kh;okn vkSj tkfrokn tSlh cgqrlh leL;k,¡ gksrh gSaA ,d fey esa dke djus okys nÙkk bZlokdj crkrs gSa fd cacbZ dh feyksa esa tkfr

NkbZ gqbZ gS ysfdu LkHkh feyksa esa ugha%

os muosQ lkFk cSBdj iku [kkrs gSa (fo".kq] ,d egkj dkexkj tks ekWMuZ fey esa dke djrkgS) ysfdu os mlosQ gkFk ls ikuh ugha ihrsA mlosQ lkFk cqjk O;ogkj ugha djrs] os muosQnksLr gSa ysfdu os mlosQ ?kj dHkh ugha tkrsA vFkok os fdlh Hkh egkj osQ [kkus osQ fMCCksls oqQN Hkh ugha [kkrsA etsnkj ckr gS fd ejkBh dkexkj mÙkj Hkkjr osQ dkexkjksa dh tkfrosQ ckjs esa irk ugha yxk ikrsA vr% muosQ lkFk os vNwrksa okyk O;ogkj ugha djrsA(eSuu vkSj vnkjdj 2004%113)

dHkh&dHkh dke dh cqjh n'kkvksa osQ dkj.k dkexkj gM+rky dj nsrs gSaaA os dke ij ugha tkrs]rkykcanh dh n'kk esa O;oLFkkid fey dk njoktk can dj nsrs gSa vkSj etnwjksa dks vanj tkus ls jksdrsgSaA gM+rky djuk eqf'dy iSQlyk gksrk gS D;kasfd O;oLFkkid vfrfjDr etnwjksa dks cqykus dk iz;kldjrs gSaA dkexkjksa osQ fy, Hkh fcuk ossru osQ jguk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA

,d chM+h dkexkj dh thouheèkq 15 o"kZ dh gS vkSj mlus LowQy NksM+ fn;k gSA vkBoha eas isQy gksus osQ ckn mlus LowQy tkuk NksM+fn;kA mlosQ firk nthZ Fks] ftudh fiNys o"kZ e`R;q gks xb±A mlosQ firk dks {k; jksx (risfnd) Fkk] blfy, cPPkksa vkSjek¡ osQ fy, dke djuk t:jh gks x;kA mldk cM+k HkkbZ 17 o"kZ dk gS vkSj ,d fdjkus dh nqdku ij dke djrk gS]NksVk HkkbZ 14 Ok"kZ dk gS vkSj PkkWdysV dh iSfdax djrk gSA eèkq vkSj mldh ek¡ chfM+;ksa dks jksy djrh gSaA eèkq us cgqrNksVh mez ls chfM+;k¡ jksy djuk 'kq: dj fn;k Fkk] mls ;g ilan gS] D;kasfd blls mls ek¡ vkSj vU; vkSjrksa osQ iklcSBus vkSj mudh ckrphr lquus dk ekSdk feyrk gSA og jksy fd, x, rasnw iÙks eas rackowQ Hkjrh gSA og ?kj osQ dkedktosQ vykok fnuHkj ;gh dke djrh gSA jks”kkuk yacs le; rd ,d gh eqnzk eas cSBs jgus osQ dkj.k mldh ihB esa nnZgks x;k gSA eèkq fiQj ls LowQy tkuk pkgrh gSA (HkaMkjh 2005%406)

ysdj mls mRiknd dks csp nsrk gS] tks bUgas idkrk;k lsdrk gS vkSj vius czkaM dk yscy yxk nsrk gSAmRIkknd bUgsa chfM+;ksa osQ forjd dks csp nsrk gS]tks mUgsa Fkksd foozsQrkvksa dks nsrk gS] vkSj fiQj ;gvki osQ iM+ksl okyh iku dh nqdku ij csp nhtkrh gSA

vc lkFk esa fn, x, ikbZ Mkbxzke dks ns[krs gSa]fd oSQLks [kir gqbZ chM+h osQ ewY; dks forfjr fd;ktkrk gSA (HkaMkjh] 2005%410) fuekZrk dks viusczkaM dh otg ls lcls T;knk iSlk feyrk gS] ;gczkaM dh 'kfDr dks n'kkZrk gSA

ckWDl 5-7

2015-16

88

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

ckWDl 5-8

vc ge 1982 esa cacbZ VSDlVkby fey dh ml izfl¼ gM+rky osQ ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa] tks O;kikjla?k osQ usrk] Mk- nÙkk lkear dh vxqokbZ esa gqbZ Fkh] vkSj ftldh otg ls yxHkx <kbZ yk[k dkexkj vkSjmuosQ ifjokj osQ yksx izHkkfor gq, FksA dkexkjksa dh ek¡x Fkh fd mUgsa csgrj etnwjh vkSj vius [kqn osQla?k cukus dh btktr nh tk,A cacbZ baMfLVª;y fjys'kal ,DV (ch-vkbZ-vkj-,-) osQ vuqlkj ,d la?k cukusdh vuqefr* (,izwOM) ysuh pkfg, vkSj vuqefr ysus dk rjhdk ;gh gS fd gM+rky dk fopkj R;kx fn;ktk,A dkaxzsl&lefFkZr jk"Vªh; fey etnwj Lka?k (vkj-,e-,e-,l-) ghs ,dek=k vuqefr izkIr la?k Fkk] vkSjmlus vkSj dkexkjksa dks cqykdj gM+Rkky rksM+us esa lgk;rk dhA ljdkj us Hkh dkexkjksa dh ekaxksa dks ughalqukA èkhjs&èkhjs nks lkyksa osQ ckn] yksxksa us dke ij tkuk 'kq: dj fn;k D;kasafd os ijs'kku gks pqosQ FksA yxHkx,d yk[k dkexkj csjkstxkj gks x,] vkSj okil vius xk¡o ykSV x,] ;k fngkM+h ij dke djus yxs] 'ks"kvklikl osQ nwljs NksVs dLcksa tSLks fHkoaMh] ekysxk¡o vkSj bPNkydkjath osQ fctyh dj?kk {ks=kksa esa dkedjus pys x,A fey ekfyd vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj e'khuksa ij fuos'k ugha djrs gSaA vktdy] oks viuhfeyksa dks LFkkoj laink O;kikfj;ksa (jh;y LVsV MhylZ) dks lq[k&lqfoèkk laiUu cgqeaftyh bekjrsa cukusosQ fy, cspus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSaA bl ij ,d >xM+k 'kq: gks x;k gS fd cacbZ osQ Hkfo"; dks dkSuifjHkkf"kr djsxk\ µ dkexkj tks bls cukrs gSa\ ;k fey ekfyd vkSj LFkkoj laink O;kikjh\

t; izdk'k fHkykjsµfey osQ HkwriwoZ dkexkj % egkjk"Vª fxjuh dkexkj la?k osQ egklfpo%diM+k fey osQ dkexkj osQoy viuk osru vkSj eg¡xkbZ HkÙkk ysrs gSa blosQ vykok mUgsa dksbZvkSj HkÙkk ugha feyrkA gesa osQoy ik¡p fnu dk vkdfLed vodk'k feyrk gSA nwljs m|ksxksa osQ dkexkjksa dksvU; HkÙks tSls ;krk;kr] LokLF; lacaèkh lqfo/k,¡ bR;kfn feyus 'kq: gks x, lkFk gh 10&12 fnu dkvkdfLed vodk'k HkhA blls diM+k fey osQ dkexkj HkM+d x, --- 22 vDrwcj 1981 dks LVSaMMZ fey osQdkexkj MkW- nÙkk lkear osQ ?kj x, vkSj muls viuh vxqvkbZ djus dks dgkA igys lkear us euk dj fn;k]mUgksaus dgk fd diM+k feysa ch-vkbZ-vkj-,- osQ varxZr vkrh gSa] vkSj eq>s blosQ ckjs esa vfèkd tkudkjh Hkhugha gSA ijarq ;s dkexkj fdlh Hkh gkyr eas uk ugha lquuk pkgrs FksA os jkr Hkj muosQ ?kj osQ ckgj pkSdlhdjrs jgs vkSj var eaas lqcg lkear eku x,Ay{eh HkkVdjµgM+rky dh lgHkkxh% eSus gM+Rkky dk leFkZu fd;kA ge jkstkuk xssV osQ ckgj cSB tkrs Fks vkSjlykg djrs Fks fd vkxs D;k djuk gksxkA ge le;&le; ij laxfBr gksdj ekspZs Hkh fudkyrs Fks--- ekspsZ cgqrcM+s gqvk djrs Fks--- geus dHkh fdlh dks ywVk ;k pksV ugha ig¡qpkb± eq>s dHkh&dHkh cksyus osQ fy, dgk x;k]ysfdu eSa Hkk"k.k ugha ns ldrhA esjs ik¡o cqjh rjg dk¡ius yxrs gSa! blosQ vykok eSa vius cPpksa ls Hkh Mjrhgw¡&oks D;k dgsaxs\ oks lkspsaxs fd ;gk¡ ge Hkw[ks ej jgs gSa vkSj oks ogk¡ viuk iQksVks v[kckj esa Niok jgh gS---,d ckj geus lsapqjh fey osQ 'kks:e dh rjI+kQ Hkh ekspkZ fudkykA geas fxjÝrkj djosQ cksjhoyh ys tk;k x;kAeSa vius cPpksa osQ ckjs esa lksp jgh FkhA eaS [kkuk ugha [kk ikb± eSa vius ckjs esa lkspus yxh fd ge yksx dksbZvijkèkh ugha] fey osQ dkexkj gSaA ge vius [kwu ilhus dh dekbZ osQ fy, yM+ jgs gSa\fdlu lkyqaosQµfLiu feYl dk HkwriwoZ dkexkj% lsapqjh fey eas gM+rky 'kq: gq, eqf'dy ls Ms<+ eghuk ghgqvk gksxk fd vkj-,e-,e-,l- okyksa us fey [kqyok nhA os ,slk dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd mUgas jkT; vkSj ljdkjnksuksa dk leFkZu izkIRk gSA os ckgj osQ yksxksa dks fcuk muosQ ckjs eas iwjh rjg tkus fey osQ vanj ysvk, --- Hkksalys (rc egkjk"Vª osQ eq[;ea=kh) us 30 #i, c<+kus dh is'kd'k dhA nÙkk lkear us bl fo"k; ijfopkj djus osQ fy, ehfVax cqykb± vkxs osQ lkjs fØ;kdyki ;gha gksrs FksA geus dgk] gesa ;g ugha pkfg,*Avxj gM+Rkky osQ usrkvksa osQ ikl dksbZ e;kZnk] dksbZ ckrphr ugha gS] ge fcuk fdlh mRihM+u osQ dke ijokil tkus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gSaA

88

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89

vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu vkSj fodkl

nÙkk blokydjµfey pkYl VsuSaV ,lksfl,'ku osQ vè;{k % (izsslhMsaV) dkaxzsl us ckcw jsf'ke] jek uk;d vkSj v#.kxkoyh tSls lHkh xqaMksa dks LVªkbd [kRe djokus osQ fy, tsy ls ckgj dj fn;kA gekjs ikl LVªkbd rksM+us okyksa dksekjus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ fodYi ugha FkkA gekjs fy, ;g thou e`R;q dk iz'u FkkAHkkbZ Hkksalysµ1982 dh gM+rky esa vkj-,e-,e-,l- osQ egklfpo% geus rhu eghus dh gM+rky osQ ckn yksxksa dks okildke ij cqykuk 'kq: dj fn;k--- ge lksprs Fks] fd vxj yksx dke ij tkuk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa tkus nsuk pkfg,] okLRkoesa ;g mudh lgk;rk gh Fkh--- ekfiQ;k xSax osQ chp eas vk tkus osQ ckjs eas] eSa mlosQ fy, mÙkjnk;h Fkk--- ;s nÙkk lkeartSls yksx lqfoèkktud le; dk bartkj dj jgs gSa] vkSj vkjke ls dke ij tkus okyksa dk bartkj dj jgs gSaA geus ijsy,oa vU; LFkkuksa ij izfri{kh lewgksa dks rS;kj fd;k FkkA LokHkkfod :i ls ogk¡ oqQN >xM+k oqQN [kwu[kjkck gks ldrkFkk--- tc jek uk;d dh e`R;q gqbZ rks ml oDr osQ es;j Hkqtcy mlosQ lEeku eas viuh vkWfI+kQl dh dkj esa vk,A buyksxksa dh rkdrksa dks ,d le; ;k vU; vusd yksxksa }kjk jktuhfr esa bLrseky fd;k x;kAfdlu lkyqaosQµHkwriwoZ fey dkexkj% og eqf'dy le; Fkk geus vius lkjs crZu csp fn, FksA gesa vius crZuksa dkslhèkk mBkdj ys tkrs gq, 'keZ vkrh Fkh blfy, ge mUgsa cksfj;ksa esa yisVdj cspus osQ fy, nqdkuksa ij ys tkrs FksA oks,sls fnu Fks tc gekjs ikl [kkus osQ fy, ikuh osQ vykok oqQN ugha Fkk] ge ydM+h osQ cqjkns dks b±èku dh txg tykrsFksA esjs rhu csVs gSaA dbZ ckj cPpksa osQ ihus osQ fy, nwèk ugha gksrk Fkk] eq>ls mudh ;g Hkw[k cnkZ'r ugha gksrh FkhAeSa viuh Nrjh ysdj ?kj ls ckgj pyk tkrk FkkAflanq ejgusµHkwriwoZ fey dkexkj% vkj-,e-,e-,l- okys vkSj xqqaMs eq>s Hkh tcjnLrh dke ij okil ys tkus osQ fy, vk,Aij eSaus tkus ls badkj dj fn;k--- tks efgyk,¡ fey esa jg dj dke dj jgh Fkha muosQ lkFk D;k gks jgk Fkk bl ckjs easrjg&rjg dh viQokgsa pkjksa rjI +kQ iSQyh FkhaA ogk¡ cykRdkj dh ?kVuk,¡ ?kVh FkhaA

ckWDl 5-8 dk vH;kl

ckWDl 5-8 osQ vH;kl & 1982 dh gM+rky osQ ckjs esa fn, x, ifjPNsn dks i<+dj var esa fn,x, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsaA1- 1982 dh diM+k fey gM+rky osQ fofHkUu ifjizs{;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A2- dkexkj gM+rky ij D;kas x,\3- nÙkk lkear us fdl rjg gM+rky dh usrkfxjh Lohdkj dh\4- gM+rky rksM+Uks okyksa dh D;k Hkwfedk Fkh\5- ekfiQ;k fxjksgksa us fdl rjg bu LFkkuksa ij viuh txg cukbZ\6- bl gM+rky osQ nkSjku efgyk,¡ oSQls ijs'kku gqb±] vkSj muosQ eq[; ljksdkj D;k Fks\7- gM+rky osQ nkSjku dkexkj vkSj muosQ ifjokj oSQls vius vki dks cpk, j[k ik,\

1. vius vklikl okys fdlh Hkh O;olk; dks pqfu,µvkSj bldk o.kZu fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esadhft, % (d) dk;Z 'kfDr dk lkekftd la?kVuµtkfr] fyax] vk;q] {ks=k_ ([k) etnwj

izfØ;kµdke fdl rjg fd;k tkrk gS_ (x) osru ,oa vU; lqfoèkk,¡_ (?k) dk;kZoLFkkµlqj{kk]

vkjke dk le;] dk;Z osQ ?kaVs bR;kfnA

vFkok

2. b±Vs cukus osQ] chM+h jksy djus osQ] lkWÝVos;j bathfu;j ;k [knku osQ dke tks ckWDLk esa of.kZr fd,

iz'ukoyh

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90

Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl

x, gSa osQ dkexkjksa osQ lkekftd la?kVu dk o.kZu dhft,A dk;kZoLFkk,¡ oSQlh gSa vkSj miyCèk

lqfoèkk,¡ oSQlh gSa\ eèkq tSlh yM+fd;k¡ vius dke osQ ckjs esa D;k lksprh gSa\3. mnkjhdj.k us jkstxkj osQ izfrekuksa dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k gS\

lanHkZ xzaFk

vuar] Vh-lh-,- 2005] yscj ekosZQV fjiQksElZ bu bafM;k % , fjO;w*A bu fccsd MscjkW; ,aM ih-Mh- dkSf'kd (laik)]fjiQkfe±x n yscj ekosZQV] i`- 235&252] ,osQMsfed iQkmaMs'ku] u;h fnYyh

HkaMkjh] yoh'k bdkWuksfed ,iQhf'k;salh vkWiQ lc&dkWUVªsDVsM gkse&csLMj ooZQ*] fccsd MscjkW; ,aM ih Mh dkSf'kd(laik) esa fjiQkfe±x n yscj ekosZQVA i`"B 397&417] ,osQMfed iQkmaMs'ku] u;h fnYyh

cszeu] tku 2004] n esfoaQx ,aM vuesfoaQx vkWI+kQ ,u baMfLVª;y ofo±Qx DyklA vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl] u;h fnYyh

czseu tku 1999] n LVMh vkWI+kQ baMfLVª;y yscj bu iksLV&dkWyksfu;y bafM;k&n iQkWjey lsDVj % ,u baVªksMDVªh fjO;w*]oaQVªhC;w'ku~l Vw bafM;u lksf'k;ksykWth] okWY;we 33 (1 rFkk 2)] tuojh&vxLr 1999] i`"B 1&42

czseu tku 1999] ¶n LVMh vkWiQ baMfLVª;y yscj bu iksLV&dksyksfu;y bafM;k& n iQkWjey lsDVj % ,u baVªksMDVªhfjO;w¸A oaQVªhC;w'ku~l Vw bafM;u lks'k;ksykWth] okWY;we 33 (1 rFkk 2)] tuojh&vxLr 1999] i`"B 407&431

czseu] tku vkSj vjfoan ,u- nkl 2000] Mkmu ,aM vkmV] yscfjax vaMj Xykscy osQfiVfy”eA vkWDLiQksMZ ;wfuoflZVhizsl] fnYyh

nrkj] Nk;k] 1990] chM+h ooZQl bu fuikuhA bfyuk lsu] , Lisl fofnu n LVªxy esa dyh iQkWj owesu] i`"B 1601&81A]u;h fnYyh

xk¡/h] ,e-osQ- 1909] fgan Lojkt ,aM vnj jkbfVax~lA laiknu] ,aFkuh ts- ijsyA oSaQfczt ;wfuoflZVh izsl] oSaQfczt

tkWtZ] vftFkk lqlu] 2003] ykW”k fjysfVM Vw ekbfuax bu >kj[kaMA fjiksVZ iQkWj ;w-,u-Mh-ih-

gksyLVªkse] ekoZQ] 1984] baMLVªh ,aM bubDokfyVh % n lks'ky ,aFkzksiksykWth vkWI+kQ bafM;u yscj] oSaQfczt ;wfuoflZVh izsl]oSaQfcztA

tks'kh] fp=kk] 2003] ykWLV oYMZ~l] bafM;u yscj ,aM bV~l iQkWjxksVu fgLVªh”k] fnYyh] ijekusUV CySd] u;h fnYyhA

osQj] DykoZQ ,V ,y] 1973] baMfLVª;fy”e ,aM baMfLVª;y esu] isaxqbu] gkjekWuM~loFkZ

oqQekj] osQ- 1973] izksisQlh ,aM izksxzsl] ,syu ysu] yanu

esuu] ehuk vkSj uhjk vknjdj 2004] ou gaMªsM b;lZ] ou gaMªsM okW;ls”k % n feyooZQlZ vkWI+kQ xksjsxk¡o % ,u vksjyfgLVªhA lhxy izsl] dksydkrk

ih-;w-Mh-vkj- 2001] gkMZ Mªkbo % ofo±Qx oaQMh'kl ,aM ooZQlZ LVªxy~l ,V ek#fr] ih-;w-Mh-vkj-] fnYyh

jk;] rhFk±dj 2001] vkmVykbu vkWI+kQ , fgLVªh vkWI+ kQ yscj bu VsªMh'kuy Leky&LosQy baMLVªh bu bafM;k*] ,u-,y-vkbZ- fjlpZ LVMh”k lhfj”k ua- 015@2001] oh-oh fxfj us'kuy yscj baLVhV~;wV] uks,Mk

mikè;k] osQjksy iQksFkZdfeax dYpj budkWjiksjsVsM] oaQVªksy vksoj ooZQ ,aM ooZQlZ bu n bafM;u lkWÝVos;jvkmVlksfl±x baMLVªh

2015-16