vliQy Ldwy & tkWu gksYV

izLrkoukgky ds o"kksZa esa eq>s cgqr ls ikydksa vkSj f'k{kdksa ls ckrphr dk ekSdk feyk gSA blls eq>s yxrk gS fd

bl iqLrd esa & blds fopkj] iz'u vkSj fVIif.k;ksa esa mudh xgjh jQfp gksxhA bl iqLrd esa mu NksVss&NksVsys[kksa dks ladfyr fd;k x;k gS tks igys fdlh vU; if=kdk ;k fdrkc esa Ni pqds gSaA dqN ys[kksa esa eSausFkksM+h cgqr dkV&Nk¡V Hkh dh gS vkSj dqN dk nqckjk fy[kk gS ijarq dqN ys[k vius ewy :i esa gh gSaA ;gladyu fHkUu&fHkUu dkj.kksa ls] cgqr ls yksxksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gksxk blfy, bls tYnh&ls&tYnh miyC/ djkukHkh t+:jh gSA

gekjs cgqr ls Ldwy] muls tqM+s yksxksa vkSj vU; dbZ ckrksa esa cgqr rst+h ls ifjorZu vk jgk gSA esjs Hkhfopkj cny jgs gSaA blfy, tgka dgha eq>s vius lksp ;k f'k{kk esa dksbZ egRoiw.kZ cnyko ut+j vk;k gSogka&ogka eSaus bu ys[kksa esa] ,d NksVh fVIi.kh tksM+ nh gSA

lsaVj iQkj n LVMh vkiQ MseksØSfVd baLVhV~;w'kUl] McyMs] gkjilZ eSxt+hu] ykWbiQ] U;w;kdZ fjO;w vkiQcqDl] U;w;kdZ VkWbEl eSxt+hu] ih Vh , eSxt+hu] jsMcqd] LVjfyax baLVhV~;wV] vkSj ;sy ,yqfeukbZ eSxt+hu dk eSa'kqfØ;k vnk djuk pkgwaxk D;ksafd bUgha esa ;g ys[k lcls igys Nis Fks vkSj buds gh lg;ksx ls ys[kksa ds blladyu dks Nkiuk laHko gks ik;k gSA

tkWu gksYVcdZys] dSfyiQksfuZ;k

lPph lh[klPph lh[k D;k gS\ ogh] tks LFkkbZ vkSj mi;ksxh gksA ftlls ge le>nkjh ds dke dj ldsa vkSj vkxs Hkh

lh[k ldsaA ,slh lh[k dsoy lh[kus okys ds vuqHkoksa] jQfp;ksa vkSj iz'uksa ij fuHkZj djsxhAgjsd ckyd esa] viuh nqfu;k dks le>us dh ,d vlhfer] van:uh yyd gksrh gS vkSj oks l{ke cuuk

pkgrk gSA oks Lora=krk pkgrk gSA tks ckrsa lp esa] cPps dh le>] [kq'kh] fodkl dh {kerk] Lora=krk vkSjLokfHkeku dks c<+krh gSa mUgha dks ge lPph f'k{kk dg ldrs gSaA

f'k{kk oks pht+ gS ftls gj balku [kqn ds fy, gkfly djrk gSA dksbZ nwljk mls ns ugha ldrk gSAuo;qod viuh f'k{kk ls vkf[kj D;k pkgrs gSa\ igys] oks viuh vklikl dh nqfu;k dks csgrj rjg ls

le>uk pkgrs gSaA nwljs] oks vius fodkl dh {kerk c<+kuk pkgrs gSaA rhljs] oks ,sls dke djuk pkgrs gSa ftuesaoks viuh fo'ks"k jQfp;ksa vkSj dq'kyrkvksa dk bLrseky djds vlyh ft+anxh dh leL;kvksa dks lqy>k ldas vkSjbalkfu;r dk Hkyk dj ldsaA

lekt pkgrk gS fd Ldwy] cPpksa ds fy, rhu pht+sa djsaA igyh] cPpksa dks mudh ijaijkvksa vkSj laLÑfr dsmPp ewY;ksa dks fl[kk,aA nwljh] cPps ftl nqfu;k esa thrs gSa] mlls mUgsa voxr djk,aA rhljh] cPpksa dks fdlhjkst+xkj vkSj var esa liQyrk ds fy, rS;kj djsaA ijaijkxr rkSj ij bu lHkh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dks] lekt vkSj leqnk;us gh fuHkk;k gSA buesa ls ,d Hkh dke Ldwy vPNh rjg ugha djrk gSA ;s dke u rks Ldwy dks dHkh vdsysdjus pkfg, vkSj u gh ;g mlds vdsys ds cl dh ckr gSA vxj vkt Ldwy eqf'dy esa gSa rks mldk ;g,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA mUgsa ,sls cgqr ls dke vkSj Hkkj lkSai fn, x, gSa ftuij mudk lokZf/dkj gS gh ughaA

Ldwy ,d lk/u gks] ijarq ,dek=k ughaA Ldwy ,slk lk/u gks tgka ls cPps vkSj vU; yksx] viuh lrrf'k{kk ds fy, tks pkgsa ys ldsaA Ldwy ,slh txg gks tgka yksx tkdj] tks pkgsa oks lh[k ldsa vkSj viuh

dq'kyrkvksa dks fodflr dj ldssaA vxj cPpk [kqn lh[k jgk gks rks mls] fdlh o;Ld dh Hkkafr viuh et+hZls] Ldwyh lk/uksa dks pquus dh NwV gksA f'k{kk dh vuar jkgas gSaA lh[kus okyk viuk iFk [kqn [kkstus] pquus]cukus ds fy, iwjh rjg Lora=k gksA

cPps pkgrs gSa fd oks tYnh&ls&tYnh lekt esa] fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa mi;ksxh gksaA gesa mUgsa bl ckr dsekSds nsus pkfg,A vxj dksbZ ckyd ;k o;Ld lekt ds fy, dksbZ mi;ksxh dke djuk pkgrk gks rks mls mulsoafpr j[kuk balkfu;r ds f[kykiQ ,d vijk/ gksxkA njvly] f'k{kk vkSj dke ds chp dk varj] ;k fojks/,dne euekuk] dkYifud vkSj gkfudkjd gSA

tc rd cPpkas dh lh[kus dh yyd vkSj muds fodkl dh {kerk esa gekjk fo'okl ugha gksxk rc rdmudh lgk;rk djuk rks nwj] ge mYVs mudh f'k{kk esa ck/d gh cusaxsA

1968

FkksM+h lh lh[kvktdy reke izfl¼ cqf¼thfo;ksa ls gesa] tkuus vkSj lh[kus ds fl¼kar ds ckjs esa lquus dks feyrk gSA ,d

vksj tgka ;s lp vkSj mi;ksxh gS ogka blesa dqN cqfu;knh xfYr;ka Hkh gSaA ljy 'kCnksa esa bl fl¼kar dk lkjbl izdkj gSA cPps ds lh[kus vkSj tkuus dh izfØ;k rhu pj.kksa ls xqt+jrh gSA igys pj.k esa ckyd dsoyogh tkurk gS ftls oks eglwl djrk gSA oks dsoy vius lehi dh okLrfodrk ls gh voxr gksrk gSA nwljspj.k esa oks viuh bafnz;ksa ds cks/ ls nqfu;k dks viuh Le`fr esa lesVdj mldk ,d ekufld ekWMy cukrk gSAbl ekWMy ds dkj.k gh cPpk mu reke pht+ksa ds vfLrRo ds ckjs esa tku ikrk gS tks mldh bafnz;ksa ds ,dnelehi ugha gSaA lh[k ds rhljs vkSj lcls vxz.kh pj.k esa ckyd] nqfu;k ds ckjs esa viuh le> dks 'kCnksa vkSjizrhdkssa esa O;Dr dj ikrk gSA bu izrhdksa vkSj dqN loZekU; rkfdZd fu;eksa ds vk/kj ij] oks vlyh nqfu;k dsckjs esa dbZ vuqeku yxk ikrk gSA

fi;kts ds iz;ksxksa esa ls vxj ge ,d mnkgj.k ysa] rks ;g ckr vf/d lkiQ gks tk,xhA bl iz;ksx dk o.kZutsjkse czwuj us fd;k gSA

,d ikap o"kZ ds cPps ds lkeus nks chdj j[ksa] ftuesa ikuh dk Lrj ,d gh gksA cPpk nksuksa dks lekucrk,xkA vc ,d chdj ds ikuh dks ,sls ikjn'khZ crZu esa Mkysa tks mQapk vkSj ldjk gks] vkSj fiQj iwNsa fdD;k nksuksa esa leku ek=kk esa ikuh gSA cPpk blls badkj djsxk vkSj ldjs crZu dh vksj b'kkjk djds dgsxk]^D;ksafd blesa ikuh mQapk gSA* cPps tks dqN ns[krs gSa mlls csodwiQ cu tkrs gSaA muds ikl blds vykok dksbZvkSj pkjk Hkh ugha gksrkA ijarq FkksM+k cM+s cPps bl rjg csodwiQ ugha cursA oks dgrs gSa fd nksuksa crZuksa esa ikuhdh ek=kk leku gh jgsxhA os vius vuqHkoksa dh bu 'kCnksa esa O;k[;k djrs gSa] ^;g ns[kus esa t+:j dqN vyxyxrk gS ijarq vlfy;r esa ,slk dqN Hkh ugha gS*] ;k fiQj ^oks mQapk fn[krk gS] ij vly esa oks mlds ldjsgksus ds dkj.k gS*] vkfnA

cM+s cPps ,slk blhfy, dg ikrs gSa D;ksafd mUgksaus bl leL;k dks 'kCnksa ds lw=kksa ls gy dj fy;k gSA oksvc tks dqN ns[krs gSa mlls csodwiQ ugha curs gSaA ^Hkk"kk ds dkj.k gh fliQZ rkRdkfyd Hkzeksa ds vk/kj ij ghcPps vius fu.kZ; ugha ysrs gSaA*

gka] ,slk gh gksrk gSA ;k] gks ldrk gSA ij bl rdZ ls dqN csrqdh ckrsa Hkh mHkj ldrh gSaA lfn;ksa ls yksxdgrs vk, gSa & D;ksafd Hkkj ds dkj.k gh dksbZ oLrq uhps fxjrh gS blfy, Hkkjh pht+ksa dks] gYdh pht+ksa dhrqyuk esa] vf/d rst+h ls uhps fxjuk pkfg,A tc ge okLrfodrk dks] 'kCn izrhdksa ds vk/kj ij vkadus yxrsgSa rks lPpkbZ dh ctk, ge fujFkZd urht+ksa ij igqap tkrs gSaA

vf/dka'k 'kSf{kd fl¼kar] fi;kts ds dke ij gh vk/kfjr gSaA muesa dgka xyrh gS bls le>us ds fy,fi;kts ds ,d ljy iz;ksx dks gh ysaA mUgksaus ,d NksVs cPps ds lkeus] cjkcj yackbZ dh nks NM+s j[khaA nksuksaNM+ksa ds fljs ,d&nwljs dks Nw jgs FksA fiQj mUgksaus cPps ls iwNk fd] muesa ls dkSu lh NM+ yach gS] ;k fiQj

oks leku yackbZ dh gSaA cPpk vDlj NM+ksa dks leku yackbZ dh gh crkrkA fiQj fi;kts us ,d NM+ gVkbZftlls nksuksa NM+ksa vc nwj gks x;haA fiQj mUgksaus nqckjk] ogh iz'u iwNkA bl ckj cPPks us muesa ls fdlh ,dNM+ dks yack crk;kA fi;kts dks yxk fd cPps ds fy, ,d NM+ yach gks xbZ gSA blls oks bl urhts ij igqapsfd ,d fo'ks"k mez ls de ds cPps] yackbZ ds laj{k.k ds fu;e dks le>us esa vleFkZ gksrs gSaA fi;kts dsloky dks 'kk;n cPps us lgh izdkj le>k gh ughaA ;gha ij 'kk;n fi;kts ekr [kk x,A cPpk ^yacs* 'kCn lsvkf[kj D;k le>rk gS\ bldk eryc gksrk gS mlls] tks ckgj fudysA ^dkSu lk yack gS\* bl iz'u ds lgheryc dks cPpk cgqr ls vuqHkoksa ds ckn gh le> ikrk gSA ^vxj NM+ksa dks ,d fljs dks lVk dj j[kk tk,rks fdl NM+ dk nwljk fljk ckgj fudyrk gS\* cgqr ls iz'uksa tSls ^dkSu lk yack gS\* dk mRrj muds iwNstkus ds rjhds ij fuHkZj djrk gSA vxj vkidks ;g rjhd ugha ekywe gS rks vki iz'u ds eryc dks Hkh ughale> ik,axsA

laj{k.k ls tqM+s cgqr ls iz'u] vkSj dbZ vU; fl¼kar Hkh blh xyrh ds f'kdkj gSaA igys cPps dks ,dfeV~Vh dk cM+k ykSank fn[kk;k tkrk gSA fiQj iz;ksxdrkZ mldh dbZ NksVh xksfy;ka cukrk gS ;k mlls ,d yacklkai cukrk gSA oks feV~Vh ds cM+s ykSans dk :i cnyrk gS fiQj cPps ls iwNrk gS fd feV~Vh igys ls T+;knk gS]de gS] ;k mruh gh gSA (tc bl iz;ksx ij vk/kfjr fiQYe dks dqN euksoSKkfudksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa dks fn[kk;kx;k rks fdlh us Hkh ;g fVIi.kh ugha djh fd cPpk vf/dka'k le; feV~Vh ds ykSans dh vksj ugha] cfYdiz;ksxdrkZ ds psgjs dks ns[kdj & lgh] okafNr mRrj [kkst jgk FkkA) cPps us gj ckj ,d gh tokc fn;k^T+;knk*A lS¼kafrd yksx ;gh dgsasxs] ^okg! oks T+;knk blfy, dgrk gS D;ksafd mls ns[kus esa oks T+;knk yxrk gSA*ijarq ,d NksVs cPps ds fy, ^D;k ;g vf/d gS\* dk ;g eryc gksrk gS ^D;k ;g ns[kus esa vf/d yx jgkgS\* Hkyk blds vykok bldk vkSj D;k eryc gks ldrk gS\ bl pj.k esa cPps ds vuqHko cgqr de gksrs gSavkSj oks lkeus dh pht+ ds ijs ns[kus esa vleFkZ gksrk gSA

eSaus dbZ ckj lkspk gS% vxj lp esa NksVs cPps fi;kts ds eqrkfcd lksprs rks bl Kku ls oks fdl izdkjdke djrs\ vPNh pht+ksa & f[kykSuksa] feBkbZ] dsd ;k 'kcZr dh ek=kk vf/d djus ds fy, D;k cPps] mUgsaigys ckaVrs vkSj fiQj iQSykrsA ij vke ft+anxh esa cPps feBkbZ ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s ugha djrs] vkSj u gh oks'kcZr dks dbZ fxyklksa esa Mkyrs gSaA vxj cPps lp esa dqN djrs gSa rks oks fcYdqy bldk mYVk & osreke pht+ksa dks bdV~Bk djds mudk ,d cM+k <sj cukrs gSaA eSa vius vkils ;g iz'u Hkh iwNrk gwa & fdlizdkj ds vuqHkoksa ls cPps rjy laj{k.k dk fu;e lh[ksaxs\ vki fxykl esa ftruk is; gksxk vki dsoymruk gh is; ih ik,axsA bl ckr dks vki fdl izdkj lh[ksaxs\ vxj 'kcZr de ek=kk esa gksxk rks vki mldhgjsd pqLdh dks /hjs&/hjs et+k ysrs gq, fi,axsA tc eq>ss crk;k x;k fd vÚhdk ds jsfxLrkuh ns'kksa esa] rjylaj{k.k dh leL;k dks cPpksa us cgqr de mez esa gh le> fy;k] rks blesa eq>s fcYdqy vk'p;Z ugha gqvkAvly esa laj{k.k fl¼kar ds dbZ igyqvksa dks lHkh cPps] cksyuk lh[kus ;k ifjHkk"kk jVus ls igys gh lh[ktkrs gSaA dqN yksxksa ds vuqlkj NksVs cPps viuh bafnz;ksa ls gh csodwiQ cu tkrs gSa D;ksafd muds ikl cnyrhnqfu;k dks ifjHkkf"kr djuss ds fy, 'kCn ugha gksrsA ijarq ftl nqfu;k dks cPps vkSj cM+s ns[krs gSa] mlesaizR;sd oLrq vius LFkku ls gVrs gh vU; oLrq ds lkis{k viuk vkdkj] eki vkSj fLFkfr cnyrh gSA cPpsdks lkjh nqfu;k] jcM+ dh cuh gqbZ yxrh gSA ijarq rhu&pkj lky] ;k mlls Hkh NksVs cPps bruk t+:jle>rs gSa fd jcM+ tSlh fn[kkbZ okyh nqfu;k] okLrfod nqfu;k ugha gSA oks ;g vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fdmuls nwj tkrh gqbZ eka fldqM+rh ugha gSA fi;kts vkSj muds lkFkh ftl le> dk ijh{k.k dj jgs Fks mlls;g le> dgha vf/d lw{e gksrh gSA

blls tks cqfu;knh xyrh mitrh gS oks bl izdkj gSA yksx eku ysrs gSa fd le> ewy:i ls 'kkfCnd vkSjlkadsfrd gksrh gS vkSj lkspus dk eryc bu ladsrksa vkSj izrhdksa ij dq'kyrk gkfly djuk gksrk gSA blls iSnkgqbZ Hkzkafr;ka dsoy d{kk rd gh lhfer ugha jgrhaA ge pht+ksa ds fdlh lewg dks leku ^ysfcy* blfy, nsrs gSaD;ksafd fdlh ,d ifjfLFkfr esa muds egRoiw.kZ xq.k/eksaZ esa lekurk gksrh gSA ijarq bldk ;g eryc ugha fd os

pht+sa LFkkbZ :i ls le:i cuh jgsaxhA vxj ge ,slk lkspsaxs rks ge okLrfodrk ls cgqr ijs gksaxsa vkSj cgqreqf'dy esa iQal tk,axsA felky ds fy, ge viuh fons'k uhfr dks gh ysa ftldk vk/kj vHkh Hkh ;gh gS fdlHkh dE;wfuLV tkst+siQ LVkfyu tSls gh gksrs gSaA ge vHkh Hkh ;gh ekurs gaS fd d{kk ds lHkh vuqHkoksa vkSjfl¼karksa dh le> dks] ,d O;fDr fdlh nwljs dks] dsoy 'kCnksa }kjk gh fl[kk ldrk gSA ge ges'kk t+ksj lscksy dj gh fyf[kr lkexzh dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA ij lHkh vuqHkoh f'k{kd bl ckr dks vPNh rjg tkurs gSafd gekjs 'kCn cPpksa dh le> c<+kus dh ctk, mUgsa my>krs vf/d gSaA d{kk esa ,sls cs'kqekj cPpss gksrs gSa tks'kCnksa ij fo'okl [kks pqds gksrs gSaA oks 'kCnksa dk lkFkZd eryc fudkyus dh viuh {kerk dks Hkh xaok pqds gksrsgSa vkSj tc rd muls dqN udy djus ds fy, ugha dgk tk, oks d{kk esa [kkyh cSBs jgrs gSaA

,d ckr gesa ges'kk ;kn j[kuh pkfg,A 'kCn ekyxkM+h ds fMCcksa tSls gksrs gSaA muesa vlyh fta+nxh lsljksdkj j[kus okyh eryc dh pht+sa Hkjh gks ldrh gSa vFkok ughaA tc gesa eryc Hkjs 'kCn lquus dks feyrsgSa rc ge muls viuh nqfu;k dk ,d lgh] fcuk 'kCnksa okyk ekufp=k x<+ ikrs gSaA ugha rks ckdh 'kCn] gekjsfnekx esa fliQZ eaMjkrs jgrs gSaA ge mUgsa Fkwd ldrs gSa ;k fu;eksa ds vuqlkj mUgsa myV&iyV ldrs gSa ijarq osgekjh] okLrfodrk dh le> ij dksbZ vlj ugha MkyrsA Ldwy dh lcls nq[knk;h ckr gS fd cPps ogka tks Hkh'kCn lqurs gSa] oks muds fy, fujFkZd gksrs gSa vkSj mudh vlyh le> dks fcYdqy Hkh ugha c<+krsA mYVs cPpsmuls vkSj my>u esa iM+ tkrs gSaA 'kCnksa dh yÝiQkt+h dks cPps] le> eku cSBrs gSaA ;g cgqr gh [krjukdHkze gSA jkcVZ ÚkWLV us viuh dfork ^,V oqMoMZl xkMZu* esa dgk gS% ^mu pht+ksa ds ckjs esa tkuuk tks fdek;us j[krh gSaA* lS¼kafrd O;fDr pkgsa fdrus Hkh egku gksa] mudh lehdj.ksa pkgsa fdruh gh lVhd gksa] fiQjHkh cslckWy ds [ksy esa xsan ds ifjiFk dks os] dkyZ ;SlVªSeLdh ;k foyh esbt+ tSls ea>s gq, f[kykfM+;ksa lscsgrj ugha tku ldrsA muds ikl 'kCn vkSj vkadM+s Hkys gh gksa] ijarq f[kykM+h ds ikl tks ekWMy gS oksokLrfodrk esa dke djrk gSA f[kykM+h dks ;g irk gksrk gS fd gok esa mNyrh xsan dgka ij tkdj fxjsxh &tks okLro esa lPpk Kku gSA

ikB~;Øe lq/kjdksa ds chp vktdy tks u;k okD; izpfyr gS oks gS ^vo/kj.kk dk fuekZ.k*A bl ij rekevyx&vyx er gSaA iqjkus yksxksa ds vuqlkj cPpksa dks rF; fl[kkuk pkfg, D;ksafd tc os cgqr lkjs rF; tkuysaxs rHkh ge mUgsa] vo/kj.kkvksa ds ckjs esa lkspuk fl[kk ik,axsA ijarq lq/kjdksa ds vuqlkj vo/kj.kkvksa dks lh/sfl[kkuk pkfg,A lq/kjdksa dks bu nksuksa rjhdksa esa ,d ewy varj yxrk gS] ijarq vly esa ,slk gS ughaA nksuksa ghlewg] cPpksa ds fnekx esa] 'kCnksa dh ekyk cksus esa yxs gSaA lq/kjdksa ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa dh dqN ekyk,a] vU; dhrqyuk esa] vf/d egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSa & ;kfu fopkjksa esa Hkh Js.khc¼rk gksrh gSA dqN fopkj] ekLVj&fopkj gksrs gSaAos izeq[k gksrs gSa vkSj ekLVj&pkHkh dh rjg gh muls] bekjr ds ckdh lkjs njokt+s [kqy tkrs gSaA buekLVj&fopkjksa dks tkuus ds ckn Nk=k] vU; fdlh pht+ dks vklkuh ls le> ldrk gSA mQijh rkSj ij ;gvo/kj.kk dkiQh laHko vkSj vkd"kZd yxrh gSA ijarq lq/kjd vkSj cgqr ls vPNs f'k{kd ,d ckr Hkwy tkrs gSafd gjsd balku dks] vius gkykr ds vuqlkj [kqn viuh ekLVj&pkHkh cukuh gksxhA gjsd O;fDr dks vius [kklrjhds ls] viuh nqfu;k dks le>uk gksxk vkSj dksbZ Hkh nks yksx] bl dke dks ,d rjhds ls ugha djsaxsA vxjlekt'kkL=k ds ikB~;Øe fuekZrkvksa dk cl pys rks ,d fnu NBh d{kkvksa ds lHkh cPps ;g tku ysaxs fd%euq";] balku blfy, cus D;ksafd muds vaxwBs] maxfy;ksa dk fojks/ djrs gSa_ muds ikl vkSt+kj gksrs gSa_ Hkk"kkgksrh gS & ftlesa 'kCnksa ds Øe ds vuqlkj eryc cnyrk gSA fo'ks"kKksa ds fy, 'kCnksa ls yns ekyxkM+h ds bufMCcksa esa] <sj lkjk eryc fNik gksrk gSA bl lcls 'kk;n Nk=kksa dh lwph esa dqN vU; 'kCn vkSj tqM+ tk,aA gksldrk gS fd mu 'kCnksa ds lgkjs cPps ijh{kk esa liQy gks tk,aA ijUrq vly esa ;ss 'kCn ,dne cseryc dsgksssaxsA

lS¼kafrd vkSj lq/kjd nksuksa xqVksa dks vHkh rd ;g ugha irk gS fd d{kk,a cPpksa dks dSlh yxrh gSa vkSjmuesa vkf[kj D;k gksrk gSA ,d dkfcy vkSj le>nkj xf.krK MsfoM ist ds vuqlkj ^tc cPps xyr mRrjnsrs gSa rks mldk izeq[k dkj.k gS fd cPps fdlh vU; iz'u dk mRrj ns jgs gksrs gSaA* vly esa ;g rks lPpkbZdh cl 'kqjQvkr gSA dHkh&dHkh cPps xyr mRrj blfy, nsrs gSa D;ksafd os iz'u gh ugha le> ikrs gaSA ijarq

vf/dka'k ckj leL;k blls dgha vf/d tfVy gksrh gSA ,slk ugha gS fd mUgsa iz'u le> esa gh ugha vk;k gksAvDlj cPpksa dks] iz'u dh izÑfr vkSj mldk mn~ns'; gh le> esa gh ugha vkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh cPps xyriz'uksa ds mRrj Hkh nsrs gSaA ijarq eq[; ckr ;g gS fd muds mRrj] dHkh Hkh fdlh okLrfod leL;k ls tqM+sgq, ugha gksrs gSaA iz'u dk eryc gS fd oks] fdlh leL;k dh vksj] cPpksa dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djsA T+;knkrjcPpksa ds lkFk bldk fcYdqy mYVk gksrk gSA iz'u] cPPkksa dk è;ku leL;k ls nwj gVkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa fdlhtfVy gy dks [kkstus ;k pksjh djus dh vksj mdlkrs gaSA ij gesa blds Hkh ijs ns[kuk pkfg,A lPpkbZ rks ;ggS fd Ldwy esa cPps tks Hkh mRrj nsrs gSa mUgsa muds lgh gksus dh] [kqn Hkh mEehn ugha gksrhA dHkh&dHkhcPps [kqn pkgrs gSa fd muds mRrj lgh u gksaA cPps va/sjs esa] fcuk flj&iSj ds rqDds yxkrs gSa ftldk,dek=k mn~ns'; leL;k ls nwj Hkkxuk gksrk gSA cPps tkucw> dj iQsy gksrs gSa] ftlls fd mUgsa csdkj vkSjmckmQ dke djus dk nq[k vkSj vieku u >syuk iM+sA

vxj f'k{kk ds lq/kjdksa dks vHkh Hkh /qa/yk fn[k jgk gS rks bldk eryc ;g ugha fd mudh vka[ksa [kjkcgSaA blds nks dkj.k gSaA igyk rks ;g fd] ckjhdh ls Nkuchu djus ls igys gh oks fl¼kar NkSadus yx tkrs gSaAfiQj muds ;s fl¼kar [kqn muds vkSj nwljs ds lkeus] jksM+k cu tkrs gSaA nwljk] Ldwyksa ds lkFk mudk lEidZ,dne lrgh vkSj Ñf=ke gksrk gSA Ldwy vkf[kj D;k cyk gS\ bldk mUgsa dksbZ vankt+ ugha gksrkA dsoy liQyvkSj vkRefo'oklh Ldwy gh bu mQaps vksgnksa ds vkxarqdksa dks] vius Ldwyksa esa ?kqlus dh bt+ktr nsrs gSaA fiQjoks mUgsa viuh lcls ^vPNh* d{kkvksa dk nkSjk djkrs gSa tgka iwoZ&rS;kjh ds dkj.k f'k{kd vkSj cPPks vPNk 'kksis'k djrs gSaA vkxarqd ds [kqn i<+kus dk dke Hkh ,dne Ñf=ke gksrk gSA Nk=kksa ds mQij mldk dksbZ jksc ughapyrk vkSj u ghs oks Nk=kksa dks dksbZ iqjQLdkj ;k lt+k ns ldrk gSA fdlh vkxarqd dks d{kk esa ns[kdj cPpsmrus gh [kq'k gksrs gSa ftruk ?kj esa] Hkkstu ij vk, fdlh esgeku dks ns[kdjA dqN le; ds fy, cPps [kqndks lqjf{kr eglwl djrs gSaA vfrfFk mUgsa fdlh eqf'dy esa rks ugha Mky ldrk gSA vkSj vfrfFk;ksa ds jgus rdmudh ckdh leL;k,a Hkh viuk flj ugha mBk,axhA blfy, tc lq/kjd Ldwy esa tkdj cPPkksa dks ckSf¼d [ksy[ksyus ds fy, vkeaf=kr djrs gSa rks cPps eqDr gksdj [ksyrs gSaA vkSj 'kk;n blhfy, oks mUgsa vPNh rjg ls[ksyrs gSaA ckn esa lq/kjd bl ij 'ks[kh c?kkjrs gSa] ^ns[kks\ bls dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gS!* oks Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ;gliQyrk mUgsa muds fopkjksa ds dkj.k ugha cfYd] muds ogka gksus ds dkj.k feyh gSA muds vkxeu ek=k ls ghd{kk ds :i esa ,d vHkwriwoZ cny vkbZA blls lkiQ+ tkfgj gS fd gesa d{kk esa D;k djuk pkfg,A f'k{kk dkscsgrj cukus ds fy, gesa u rks d{kk esa u, ikB~;Øe dh t+:jr gS vkSj u ghs cgqr eagxs midj.kksa dhA

1966

Ldwy cPpksa ds fy, [kjkc txg gSlHkh Ldwy ,d tSls ugha gksrsA dqN Ldwy] ftUgsa eSa tkurk gwa] cgqr vPNs gSaA tks Ldwy cgqr vPNs ugha gSa]

muesa ls dbZ] nwljksa ls vPNs gSaA vkSj cgqr ls Ldwy vPNs gks jgs gSaA eq>s fHkUu Lrjksa ij dbZ Ldwyksa esa yksxksa]f'k{kdksa] ;kstukdkjksa] vf/dkfj;ksa ls ckrphr djus dk ekSdk feyk gSA muesa ls cgqr ls yksx vius Ldwyksa dhn'kk dks ysdj nq[kh vkSj fpafrr gSaA vxj mUgsa lgh lq/kjksa dh fn'kk ekywe gks rks os Ldwyksa dks] cPpksa ds fy,csgrj cukus dks mRlqd gSaA

gekjs T+;knkrj Ldwyksa dh fLFkfr ges'kk ls gh n;uh; jgh gSA Ldwy] cPpksa vkSj vU; yksxksa ds fy,] jgus vkSjlh[kus dh ges'kk ls ,d [kjkc txg jgh gSA Ldwyksa esa vHkh Hkh cgqr fu"Bqjrk gSA tkSukFku dkst+ksy us ckWLVu dsLdwyksa dh tks dqN crk;k] oks fdlh Hkh cM+s 'kgj ds Ldwyksa ds fy, lp gks ldrk gSA 'kgjksa esa iyus okys vkSji<+kus okys] vU; yksxksa ls Hkh eq>s blh izdkj dh dgkfu;ka lquus dks feyh gSaA ,d dkyst esa euksfoKku dsizksiQslj us eq>s ;g dgkuh lqukbZA muds cgqr ls Nk=k lehi ds ,d 'kgj esa izSfDVl&Vhfpax ds fy, tkrs FksA dqNle; igys tc ,d f'k{kd&Nk=kk ogka ds Ldwy esa i<+kus xbZ rks ml Ldwy ds iz/kuvè;kid us mlds gkFk esa,d NM+h Fkekrs gq, dgk] ^eq>s bl ckr dh dksbZZ ijokg ugha fd rqe cPpksa dks dqN i<+krh gks ;k ugha] ijarq mUgsa

pqipki j[kukA* bldks nksgjkuk t+:jr ugha gS fd ml Ldwy ds cPps xjhc ?kjksa ds Fks D;ksafd jbZl ikyd blckr dks ugha >sy ikrsA ;g ?kVuk dksbZ viokn ugha cfYd ,d lkekU; ckr gSA izksiQslj ds cgqr ls Nk=kftuesa] cPPkksa dks ysdj vkn'kZ vkSj mEehnsa Fkha] izSfDVl&Vhfpax ds bl nq[kn vuqHko ds ckn jksrs gq, ykSVs vkSjdgus yxs] ^ge cPPkksa dks ugha ihVuk pkgrsA* ijarq cgqr ls Ldwyksa esa bl izdkj dk [ksy vHkh Hkh t+kjh gSA

vejhdk vkSj baXySaM esa] tkuojksa ij Øwjrk jksdus okyh laLFkkvksa dh lnL;rk vkSj muds ikl /u] cPpksa ijØwjrk jksdus okyh laLFkkvksa ls dgha vf/d gSA ;g ckr lkspus ;ksX; gSA

dqN nf{k.kiafFk;ksa dks NksM+dj] f'k{kk esa dke djus okys cgqr de yksx gh] cPpksa ij Øwjrk dks lgh ekusaxsAblfy, bl fo"k; ij izgkj djuk mfpr ugha gksxkA cPps vDlj Øwjrk dk [kqydj] lh/k fojks/ Hkh djrs gSaAvxj dksbZ vkidks NM+h ls ekj jgk gks] ;k fiQj iwjh d{kk ds lkeus vkidks t+yhy dj jgk gks] rks vkids lkFkD;k gks jgk gS vkSj mls dkSu dj jgk gS ;g vkidks vPNh rjg irk gksrk gSA vki nq'eu dks vPNh rjg lsigpkurs gSaA lcls vf/d gkfu mu Ldwyksa esa gksrh gSa tgka cPps izfrjks/ ugha djrs] ;k ugha dj ldrs gSaA ;gkaij cPpksa dks ;g irk ugha gksrk gS fd muds lkFk D;k gks jgk gS vkSj mls dkSu dj jgk gSA cPps ;gh lksprsgSa fd ;g nqOZ;ogkj vPNs] n;kyq yksx] [kqn cPPkksa ds Hkys ds fy, dj jgs gSaA

Ldwy dh bekjr esa igyk dne j[krs le;] gjsd cPpk vf/d pSrU;] T+;knk bPNqd] de Mjiksd] pht+ksadks tkuus&le>us esa vf/d prqj] vkRefo'oklh] /S;Zoku vkSj Lora=k gksrk gSA mldh cdk;k Ldwyh fta+nxh esa]mlesa dHkh Hkh mrus vf/d xq.k ugha gksaxsA vius ckdh thoudky esa Hkh 'kk;n] oks dHkh Hkh brus vf/d xq.kksals lEiau ugha gksxkA cPps] fcuk vkSipkfjd Ldwyh funsZ'kksa ds] fliQZ vklikl dh nqfu;k esa] yksxksa ds lEidZ ls]dqN csgn dfBu] tfVy vkSj vewrZ ckrsa lh[k ysrs gaSA ;s pht+sa u rks mUgsa Ldwy esa fl[kkbZ tk,axh vkSj u ghmlds f'k{kd buds ckjs esa dqN tkurs gksaxsA Ldwy tkus ls igys gh cPps Hkk"kk dh vR;Ur jgL;e;h xqRFkh dkslqy>k pqds gksrs gSaA xksnh ds uUgsa f'k'kq rks Hkk"kk ds vfLrRo ds ckjs esa ugha tkurs] ijarq Ldwy tkus ls igys ghckyd] Hkk"kk dh dk;Z&i¼fr le>dj mls bLrseky djuk lh[k tkrk gSA eSaus bldk lfoLrkj o.kZu viuhiqLrd ^gkmQ fpYMªu yuZ* esa fd;k gSA cPpk viuh [kkstksa vkSj iz;ksxksa ls Hkk"kk dh O;kdj.k dk ,d ekWMyjprk gS] vkSj fiQj ns[krk gS fd oks dke djrk gS ;k ughaA tc rd Hkk"kk Bhd ls dke ugha djus yxrh oks/hjs&/hjs mls cnyrk gS vkSj lq/kjrk gSA bl lcdks djus ds nkSjku cPpk vkSj Hkh cgqr lh ckrsa lh[krk gSA oks,slh dbZ ^vo/kj.kk,a* [kqn gh lh[krk gSA bl izdkj cPpk dbZ tfVy ^vo/kj.kk,a* Ldwy ds fcuk fl[kk, ghlh[k tkrk gSA

Ldwy esa igyh ckj vk jgk cPpk ftKklq] lgu'khy] mQtkZ ls Hkjk vkSj ,d dq'ky lh[kus okyk gksrk gSAge mls ,d MsLd ij cSBk nsrs gSaA fiQj ge mls D;k fl[kkrs gSa\ cgqr lkjh ckrsaaA igyh & lh[kuk vkSjfta+nxh thuk] nksuksa fcYdqy vyx&vyx ckrs gSaA ^rqe Ldwy lh[kus ds fy, vkrs gks* ge dgrs gSa & tSlscPPks us igys dqN lh[kk gh u gksA tSls] Ldwy lh[kus ds fy, gks vkSj ckgj ft+anxh thus ds fy,] vkSj bunksuksa ds chp dksbZ laca/ u gksA nwljh & ge cPpksa ds [kqn lh[kus ij fcYdqy ;dhu ugha djrsA cPps usvHkh rd tks Hkh lh[kk gS mldh rqyuk esa gekjs }kjk fl[kkbZ i<+kbZ] ,dne ljy gSA fiQj Hkh ge mlls dgrsgSa fd ^vxj ge rqEgsa i<+uk ugha fl[kk,axs] rc rqe mls lh[kksxs gh ughaA vkSj vxj rqe gekjs crk, vuqlkjugha djksxs] rc rks rqe dHkh Hkh ugha lh[kksxsA* blls cPpk lh[kus dh izfØ;k dks ,dne fuf"Ø; le>usyxrk gS & ,d ,slh pht+ ftls vki [kqn vius fy, ugha djrs cfYd nwljs yksx vkids fy, djrs gSaA

reke vU; ckrksa ls cPpk] ,d pht+ vkSj lh[krk gSA fd oks [kqn csdkj] vfo'oLuh;] vkKkdkjh] dksjk iUukgS ftlij nwljs yksx tks pkgsa fy[k ldrs gSaA oSls ge Ldwyksa esa] cPpksa ds izfr lEeku vkSj muds chp varjksadh bT+tr djus dh nqgkbZ nsrs gSaA ijarq gekjh djuh vkSj dFkuh esa cgqr iQdZ gksrk gSA vly esa ge cPPkksa lsdgrs gSa fd ^rqEgkjs vuqHko] rqEgkjs fpark,a] rqEgkjh ftKklk,a] rqEgkjh t+:jrsa] rqe D;k tkurs gks] rqe D;k pkgrsgks] rqEgkjs vpjt] rqEgkjh mEehnsa] rqEgkjs Hk;] rqEgsa D;k vPNk&cqjk yxrk gS] rqe dkSu lh pht+ksa esa vPNs gksvkSj fdu esa [kjkc & ;g lc csdkj dh ckrsa gSa] budk dksbZ egRo ugha gSA ;gka dsoy ,d ckr ek;us j[krh

gS] egRoiw.kZ gS & ge D;k tkurs gSa] ge fdl pht+ dks egRoiw.kZ le>rs gSaA ge crk,axs fd rqEgsa D;k djukgS] D;k lkspuk gS vkfnA* bu lcls rax vkdj cPpk] tYnh gh loky iwNuk can dj nsrk gSA f'k{kd cPps dhftKklk dks iwjk djus ds fy, ugha gS] ;g cPpk le> tkrk gSA 'kq: esa cPpk viuh ftKklk dks fNikrk gSvkSj ckn esa mlls yfTtr gksrk gSA cPps dks Ldwy esa vius vki dks igpkuus] [kkstuk dk] [kqn dks fodflrdjus dk dksbZ ekSdk gh ugha feyrk gSA /hjs&/hjs oks vius ckjs esa o;Ldksa }kjk fd, ewY;kadu dks gh lgh ekucSBrk gSA ,d ckj eSaus ,d lEiau futh Ldwy esa] vkBoha ds ,d Jss"B cPPks ls vius ckjs esa crkus dks dgkA^eSa dqN Hkh ugha gwaA vxj dqN gwa Hkh rks cqjk gwaA esjh cgqr jQfp;ka vkSj fpark,a ugha gSaA tks gSa Hkh] oks cgqrrqPN fdLe dh gSaA tks dqN eq>s fiz; gS oks esjs fy, vPNk ugha gSA esjk gjsd fu.kZ; csodwiQh dk gh gksrk gSAbl nqfu;k esa fta+nk jgus ds fy, esjs ikl dsoy ,d gh fodYi cpk gS & fd eSa fdlh lRrk ds nkeu dksidM+ ywa vkSj mlds crk, dke djrk jgwaA*

cPpk vkSj Hkh dbZ ckrsa lh[krk gSA oks lh[krk gS fd xyrh] vfuf'prrk] my>u Hkh ,d tqeZ gSA Ldwydsoy lgh mRrj pkgrk gSA ;g ckr oks tYn gh lh[k ysrk gSA bldk o.kZu eSaus viuh iqLrd ^gkmQ fpYMªuiQsy* esa fd;k gSA cPps vius f'k{kd ls lgh mRrj mxyokus ds vla[;ksa rjhds viukrs gSaA os f'k{kd dks ;gekuus ds fy, et+cwj djrs gSa fd mUgsa vkrk gS] tcfd vly esa oks mls ugha tkursA cPps pdek nsuk] >wBcksyuk] cgkus cukuk vkSj udy djuk lh[k tkrs gSaA cPps vkylh cuuk lh[k tkrs gSaA Ldwy vkus ls igyscPps] fcuk fdlh buke dh ykylk ds] vius vki] ?kaVksa dke djrs gSa vkSj mlds nkSjku nqfu;k dks le>rs gSavkSj viuh {kerk,a c<+krs gSaA Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dh gkyr fdlh Bsds ds et+nwj tSlh gksrh gSA oks ekfyd dhfuxkg ds lkeus csxkj dkVrs gSa vkSj fuxkg gVrs gh dkepksjh djrs gSaA os lh[krs gSa fd vlyh fta+nxh esa fcukfj'or vkSj MkaV&iQVdkj ds dksbZ dke ugha djrkA dksbZ Hkh vPNk dke vki Ldwy eas ugha dj ldrsA bllcls cPps mQc tkrs gSaA os vius efLr"d ds dsoy FkksM+k lk Hkkx gh mi;ksx djrs gSa vkSj vius vklikl dhdBksj okLrfodrk ls iyk;u djus ds fy, >wBs lius latksrs gSaA ij ;g lius Ldwy vkus ds igys tSls ughagksrsA mu liuksa esa cPps] [kqn ,d lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs FksA

Ldwyksa esa vktdy iztkrkaf=kd ewY; i<+kus dh ckr Hkh c<+&p<+ dj lquus dks feyrh gSA ijarq vlyhfta+nxh esa cPps] ca/qvk et+nwj dh nklrk gh >syrs gSaA ckWl dh yYyks&pIiks dSls djsa\ leL;kvksa ls dSls nwjjgsa vkSj muesa nwljksa dks dSls iQalk,a\ nwljksa dh f'kdk;r djsa tSls ^ekLVjlkc] nsf[k, fcyh us + + +* vU;cPpksa ds lkFk uhp izfrLi/kZ esa tw>us ls os lh[krs gSaa fd gjsd O;fDr] vU; yksxksa dk izkÑfrd nq'eu gksrkgSA ;q¼uhfrKksa ds vuqlkj thou] 'kwU;&;ksx dk [ksy gSA blesa vxj dksbZ ,d thrsxk] rks nwljk gkjsxk ghA gjsdfotsrk ds fy, dksbZ gkjus okyk gksuk t+:j gksxkA (gekjs izfrf"Br fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kkfon~ rks blls dghavkxs fudy x, gSaA mUgksauas f'k{kk dks ,d ,sls [ksy esa cny fn;k gS ftlesa ,d ds thrus ls] de&ls&dechl gkjrs gSaA) oSlk cPpk] vU; ckydksa ds lkFk fdlh NksVh&eksVh ^desVh* dk lnL; Hkh cu ldrk gSA ijarqtc dksbZ t+:jh dke vk,xk& tks Ldwy ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksxk & rc enn ;k lgk;rk ysus dks ^udy* djkjfn;k tk,xkA

blls cPpk vØked vkSj mnklhu cu tkrk gSA fcYdqy oSls gh tSls fdVh tsuksohl dh gR;k ds le;yksxksa dks gqvkA 38 yksx fdVh dh gR;k dks vk/s ?kaVs rd ns[krs jgs vkSj fdlh us] u rks dksbZ enn dh] vkSju gh lgk;rk cqykbZA cPpk tc Ldwy vkrk gS rc oks vU; yksxksa] fo'ks"kdj nwljs cPpksa ds ckjs esa ftKklqgksrk gSA d{kk esa lcls jkspd pht+ & vkSj 'kk;n ,dek=k jkspd pht+ & ckdh cPps gh gksrs gSaA ijarq mls ,slkvfHku; djuk iM+rk gS ekuksa] ikl cSBs ckdh cPps] vlfy;r esa gksa gh ughaA oks muds lkFk feytqy ughaldrk] ckrphr ugha dj ldrk] eqLdqjk ugha ldrk vkSj vDlj mudh vksj ns[k Hkh ugha ldrk gSA cgqr lsLdwyksa esa] ihjh;M [kRe gksus ds ckn] ckgj ds xfy;kjs esa Hkh oks nwljs cPpksa ls ckr ugha dj ldrk gSA dbZ/uh] fjgk;'kh bykdksa esa] [kkus dh NqV~Vh ds nkSjku Hkh cPps vkil esa ckrphr ugha dj ldrsA ;g Vsªfuax ,d,slk lekt jpus ds fy, gS ftlesa vki nwljksa dks iQalkus ds fy, gh mudh vksj è;ku nsrs gSaA ugha rks vki

yksxksa dh iwjh rjg mis{kk djrs gSaAcPpk ,d ,slh ft+anxh thus dk vknh cu tkrk gS ftlesa mls vius vklikl dh fdlh pht+ dks è;ku ls

ns[kus dh t+:jr gh ugha iM+rh gSA vki ;g Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd Ldwy esa cPps] viuk ^fLop vkWiQ* djysrs gSaA blls cgqr ls Nk=kksa dh] cpiu esa feyh psruk vkSj [kq'kh vc fNu tkrh gS vkSj fiQj os mls MªXl easryk'krs gSaA mckmQ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk T+;knkrj Ldwy & pkgsa os LVkbfy'k vkSj eagxs D;ksa u gksa] HkkSaMs] mnklhuvkSj vekuoh; gksrs gSaA eSa vHkh rd lSdM+ksa] u,&iqjkus Ldwyksa dh bekjrksa esa tk pqdk gwa ijarq muesa ls vPNsLdwyksa dks eSa viuh maxfy;ksa ij fxu ldrk gwaA bu Ldwyksa esa xfy;kjksa vkSj cjkenksa dks] cPPkksa vkSj vU; yksxksadh dykÑfr;ksa] fp=kksa vkSj ewfrZ;ksa ls ltkdj ekuoh; vkSj thoar cuk;k x;k FkkA vDlj nhokjksa ij yxk, x,'kkldh; iksLVjksa ij csgwnk ckrsa gh fy[kh gksrh gSa tSls ^nwljs Ldwy dks gjkvks* ;k ^[kwu pwlus okyks] Hkkxks!*vkfnA

'kkar cSBks! pqipki cSBks! Ldwy esa vDlj ;gh ^'kCn* lquus dks feyrs gSaA vxj nwj ds czgekaM dk dksbZtklwl] i`Foh dks gfFk;kus dh dksf'k'k djsxk rks ;gka dCtk djus ds fy, ;gh ^'kCn* mlds fy, lcls mi;qDrgksaxs & oks i`Foh ds cPpksa dks] vf/d&ls&vf/d cq¼w cukus dk iz;kl djsxkA ?kaVksa rd fcuk fgys&Mqys cSBusvkSj eqag ij maxyh j[kus ls cPps cq¼w gh cusaxsA tklwl dh j.kuhfr ,dne dkjxj fl¼ gksxhA cPps ,d lexzfta+nxh thrs gSaA mudk 'kjhj] ekalisf'k;ka] vkokt+ vkSj fnekx lHkh ,d&lkFk dke djrs gSaA vxj vki mudsfdlh Hkh ,d Hkkx ij vadq'k yxk,axs rks oks iwjh rjg dke djuk can dj nsaxsA

dqN le; igys eSa dqN ukStoku yksxksa }kjk 'kq: fd, ,d lqanj] izxfr'khy Ldwy esa x;kA buesa ls dqNukStoku vHkh dkyst esa i<+ jgs gSa vkSj dqN vHkh i<+dj ckgj fudys gSaA Ldwy dk uke gS ^n fpYMªUldE;wfuVh* vkSj ;g ,Wu gkcZj] fef'kfxu esa fLFkr gSA (tgka ;g Ldwy gS ml 'kgj esa ,d cgqr izfl¼fo'ofo|ky; Hkh gSA ijarq mlds ckotwn] /u ds vHkko esa bl Ldwy dks] dqN le; ds fy, can djukiM+kA) ml lky] Ldwy ds ikl dsoy nks dejs FksA buesa ls ,d dkiQh NksVk Fkk vkSj nwljk fdlh lkeU;d{kk ds uki dk gksxkA cPPkksa us ekax dh fd NksVs dejs dks] 'kkar xfrfof/;ksa tSls & i<+uk] dgkuh lqukuk]lkspuk] isfUVax] vadksa ds lkFk dke] okrkZyki] dwt+hus;j NM+ksa] igsfy;ksa vkfn ds fy, j[kk tk,A cM+s dejsdks [ksyus vkSj 'kksjxqy okys dkeksa ds fy, j[kk tk,A bl dejs esa 'kksjxqy epuk LokHkkfod FkkA vk/s lsT+;knk cPps CySDl(uhxzks) Fks vkSj vf/drj cPps xjhc Fks & ftUgsa vc ge ^izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa thuk*dgrs gSaA ge ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd xjhc yksxksa dks gh /u dh lcls vf/d vko';drk gksrh gSA ;gka ijcPps viuk vf/dka'k le; [ksyus vkSj 'kksj epkus eas xqt+kjrs gSaA dksbZ izxfr'khy Ldwy Hkh mUgsa ,slk djusdh vuqefr ugha nsrkA [ksyrs le; cPps] vius lkfFk;kas vkSj f'k{kdksa ls] mRrsftr gksdj t+ksj&t+ksj ls] exj/kjk izokg vkSj izHkko'kkyh rjhds ls ckrphr djrs gSaA nwljh vksj vc Hkh dqN yksx ;g ekurs gSa fd xjhcckydksa dh] [kkldj xjhc CySd cPpksa dh] dksbZ 'kCnkoyh gh ugha gksrh gS vkSj os dsoy rqrykrs gSaA

eSa fiNyh xfeZ;ksa esa] lSUVk iQh] U;w esfDldks x;kA ogka eSaus xjhc] LiSfu'k cksyus okys ifjokjksa ds] vk/kntZu NksVs yM+dkas dks] ,d vn~Hkqr ukStoku ds lkFk iQqVcky [ksyrs gq, ns[kkA ;g ukStoku] 'kgj ds euksjatufoHkkx ls vk;k FkkA viuh vHkwriwoZ dq'kyrk ds dkj.k] oks bu cPPkksa dks] fcuk uhpk fn[kk,] mUgsa fcuk pksVigqapk, ;k Mjk,] muds lkFk [ksy jgk FkkA vius O;ogkj ls oks] cPPkksa dks xaHkhj t+:j yxk] ij [krjukd ughaAmu yM+dksa esa lcls cM+k dksbZ vkB lky dk gksxkA lHkh [ksy dks cM+h mQtkZ vkSj dq'kyrk ls [ksy jgs FksA[ksyrs le; os ,d&nwljs ls yxkrkj] /kjk izokg ckrphr vkSj et+kd dj jgs FksA ,d cPps us iQqVcky dks fljls ekjkA blls mldk flj pdjkus yxkA oks ,d vksj cSB x;k vkSj dgus yxk ^eq>s nks feuV dh NqV~Vh nksA*blds tokc esa nwljh Vhe ds ,d yM+ds us dgk ^pyks le; [kRe gqvk] ,d! nks!* bl rjg dh dbZ ckrsagq;ha ftuls ,d ckr lkiQ gqbZA tks f'k{kd lwuh d{kkvksa ds vH;Lr gSa os bu cPpksa dh cqf¼ekuh] iziQqYyrk]et+kd dh {kerk dk dksbZ vankt+ ugha yxk ik,axsA os ges'kk bu cPpksa dks csodwiQ vkSj i<+us ds ukdkfcy gh

le>saxsAcPpksa dh vko';drkvksa esa dqN izkFkfedrk,a gksrh gaS & tks le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA gks

ldrk gS fd lcls t+:jh yxus okys dke dks cPpk] vHkh ugha dj ik jgk gksA oks fdlh vU; dke esa yxx;k gks ftlesa Hkh mls mruk gh et+k vkSj larks"k feyrk gksA ij tc dHkh cPpk eqf'dy esa gksrk gS rc ;sizkFkfedrk,a dkiQh egRoiw.kZ gks tkrh gSaA viuk lcls fiz; dke ugha dj ikus ds dkj.k] mlls dksbZ vU; dkeHkh ugha gksrk gSA cPps esa czsd yx tkrk gSA oks jQd tkrk gSA tSls vxj esu&fLop ^vkWiQ* djks rks] ckdhfLop vius vki gh can gks tkrs gSaA fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ij eSaus tks dqN Hkh ns[kk gS mllseq>s yxrk gS fd cPpksa dks] mxz HkkSfrd vkSj 'kkfCnd fØ;kvksa dh fo'ks"k vko';drk gksrh gSA mUgsa xgjsO;fDrxr laca/ksa dh Hkh l[r t+:jr gksrh gSA bldk ;g eryc ugha] fd cPps ges'kk yM+sa ghA oSls tc cPpksadks d{kk esa cgqr nck dj j[kk tkrk gS rc os fujk'k gksdj] xqLls esa vk tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa jksduk dfBu gkstkrk gSA rHkh os] ,d&nwljs ls yM+rs gSaA D;k bldk dksbZ funku gS\ mlds fy, eSa fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh dhfØ;kvksa dk o.kZu d:axkA

fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh eas ,d [ksy dk dejk FkkA ogka dbZ f[kykSus FksA ij cPpksa dks rhu&ifg;ksa okyh dqNiqjkuh lkbfdysa gh lcls ilan FkhaA eSa tc ogka igqapk rc cPps ,d fiQlyus okys [ksy esa e'kxwy FksA ,dNksVk yM+dk lkbfdy ij] ,d iSj ihNs j[kdj] nwljs iSj ls mls rst+h ls /Ddk nsrk FkkA blls lkbfdy /M+kels fxjrh vkSj iQ'kZ ij] dkys Vk;j dk Li"V fu'kku cu tkrk FkkA lcls rst+ fiQlydj] iQ'kZ ij lcls yackfu'kku cukuk gh [ksy dk mn~ns'; FkkA (bu fu'kkuksa dks lIrkg [kRe gksus ls igys vPNh rjg lkiQ djuk gksrkFkk D;ksafd rc vU; yksx ml dejs dk bLrseky djrs FksA) ogka ,d ikap o"kZ dh yM+dh] djhc ,d ?kaVs rdydM+h ds VqdM+s dks vkjh ls dkVrh jghA dkiQh esgur djus ds ckn oks] dqN bap xgjk] ,d ygjnkj uewukdkVus esa liQy gqbZA oks ydM+h esa [kakps ds vykok vkSj dksbZ [kkl pht+ ugha cuk jgh FkhA oks fliQZ ydM+hdks dkVdj mlij viuk ,d fu'kku NksM+ jgh FkhA ckdh cPps ^VªkbZ&okWy* uke ds eksVs xRrs ls cus] ,d ?kjesa [ksy jgs FksA dHkh ?kj esa dqN cPps vanj pys tkrs vkSj fiQj vU; cPpksa dks] ?kj esa ?kqlus ls jksdrsA blesacPpksa dks cM+k et+k vkrkA ckn esa dqN yM+ds ,d vU;] fupyh nhokjksa okys ^VªkbZ&okWy* & ?kj esa ?kqlsA D;kasfdbl ?kj ds dksus dCtksa ls tqM+s Fks blfy, os] bl ?kj ds oxkZdkj vkdkj dks cnydj ciQhZuqek cuk ik,A dqNnsj ckn mUgksaus mldk jk{kl cuk;k ;kuh] ,d uqdhyh ciQhZ cukbZ vkSj mls ysdj iQ'kZ ij pyus yxsA jk{klnwljs cPPkksa dk ihNk djus yxkA cPps Mj ds ekj mlls nwj Hkkxus yxs] ;k fiQj mls /Dds ls nwj gVkus yxsAblesa lcdks cM+k et+k vk;kA dqN nsj ckn lHkh cPps vkSj f'k{kd ,d nwljs [ksy esa yx x,A blesa :eky lsfdlh nwljs dks ekjdj & blls igys fd nwljk iyV dj ekjs] tYnh ls fNikuk gksrk FkkA

vU; cPpksa dh rqyuk esa xjhc cPpksa dks bl izdkj ds [ksyksa dh T+;knk t+:jr gksrh gS ftuesa 'kksj] mRrstuk]O;fDrxr esytksy vkfn gksA oSls lHkh cPpksa dks budh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj mUgsa buesa et+k Hkh vkrk gSAokWYMu dE;wfuVh Ldwy] cdZyh] dSfyiQksZfu;k esa eq>s] cPpksa ds lcls eueksgd [ksy ns[kus dk ekSdk feykA ;g,d futh izkFkfed 'kkyk gSA ekrk&firk ds LoSfPNd Jenku ls] ;gka bekjr dh dher esa] ,d&frgkbZ dh dehvkbZA ;gka ij T+;knkrj cPps xksjs] eè;e oxhZ; ifjokjksa ls vkrs gSaA fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh ds cPpksa dh rqyuk esa;g cPps /uh ifjokjksa ds gSaA Ldwy dh fnup;kZ esa dbZ NqV~Vh ds ihfj;M gksrs gSaA vodk'k ds le; cgqr lscPps nkSM+dj ,d [kkyh] cM+s ls gky esa tkrs gSaA gky dks ukuk izdkj dh xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, bLrseky esayk;k tkrk gSA bls ukpus] [ksyus] flusek] Ldwy dh ehfVax vkfn dkeksa ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vDljcPps ^jkWd* laxhr ds fjdkMZ dks] rst+ vkokt+ esa ctkrs gSa vkSj fiQj dwnrs vkSj nkSM+rs gSaA

,d fnu oks vYekjh esa ls dqN gokbZ&tgkt+ ds iqjkus iSjk'kwV fudky yk,A iSjk'kwV] Ldwyksa ds fy, csgnlLrs vkSj mi;ksxh laLkk/u gSaA tYn gh iSjk'kwVksa ls ,d u;k [ksy mitkA blesa ,d cPps ds mQij iSjk'kwV iQsadktkrkA fiQj cPps dks mlesa yisVdj] iQ'kZ ij [khapdj] xn~nksa ds ,d <sj ds ikl yk;k tkrkA bl nkSjku cPps

iSjk'kwV dks ?kqekrs jgrsA cPps] iSjk'kwV ds lkFk vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls jLlh&[khap dk [ksy Hkh [ksyrs jgrsA fiQj,d fnu vpkud] blls gh ,d u;k [ksy mitkA 'kq: esa dqN cPps] ,d vYekjh ds mQij ls] iQ'kZ ij iM+sxn~nksa ij dwnus yxsA vYekjh vkB&ukS iQhV mQaph Fkh vkSj mls ljdkdj] b/j&m/j ys tk;k tk ldrk FkkAdbZ cPps bruh mQapkbZ ls dwnus dh fgEer ugha dj ik jgs FksaA fiQj blesa vkSj cPps tqM+ x,A rHkh dksbZ tkdj,d iSjk'kwV ys vk;kA dqN le; ckn ;g ut+kjk ns[kus dks feykA T+;knkrj cPps dejs dh nhokj ls lVdj[kM+s gks x, vkSj mUgksaus vius gkFkksa ls iSjk'kwV dks rku fy;kA fiQj cPps feydj ^,d] nks] rhu* fpYykrsA vkSj^rhu* dh vkokt+ ij lHkh cPps tYnh ls iSjk'kwV dks gok esa mBkrsA blls iSjk'kwV esa gok Hkj tkrh vkSj okscPpksa ds fljksa ds mQij mB tkrkA tc iSjk'kwV gok esa Bgj gksrk rc ,d cPpk vYekjh ds mQij ls iSjk'kwV dschp esa Nykax yxkrk vkSj fiQj uhps iM+h xn~nksa ds <sj ij tkdj fxjrkA vxj dwnus okyk cPpk] xn~nksa dkfu'kkuk pwd Hkh tkrk] rks Hkh oks iQkW;j&fczxsM ds rus iSjk'kwV ds tky ij fxjrk vkSj mls pksV ugha yxrhAiSjk'kwV idM+s cPps yxkrkj viuk LFkku cnyrs jgrsA blls gjsd dks dwnus dk ekSdk feyrkA dqN cPps viukpkal [kks nsrs ij blls mUgsa dksbZ iQdZ ugha iM+rkA f'k{kdksa ds vuqlkj cPPkksa us bl [ksy dks igys dHkh Hkhugha [ksyk FkkA mu cPpksa us bl izdkj ds u tkus fdrus [ksyksa dk vkfo"dkj fd;k\

lHkh NksVh mez ds cPpksa esa] bl ckr dh fd yyd gksrh gS dksbZ mUgsa Nq,] idM+s] >d>ksjs] mBk,] mNkysvkSj xksy&xksy ?kqek,A fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh esa eSa tc igyh ckj x;k mldh ;kn eq>s vkt Hkh rjksrkt+k gSA fcyvb;j mlds laLFkkid FksA oks eq>s ogka] fef'kxu fo'ofo|ky; ls ysdj x, FksA eSa fo'ofo|ky; esa Hkk"k.k nsusx;k FkkA ge fpYMªaUl dE;wfuVh ds cM+s gky esa x,A fcy iqjkus diM+ksa esa Fks vkSj eSa ,d xgjs uhys jax dklwV igus FkkA cPpksa us esjh vksj dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k ij mUgksaus fcy dks pkjksa vksj ls ?ksj fy;kA gjsd cPpkfcy ls dqN&u&dqN iwNus dks vkrqj FkkA lHkh cPps fpYykus yxs] ^fcy] fcy!* ,d NksVk cPpk fpYyk;k]^fcy] eq>s mBkvksA* fcy us mls mBk fy;kA fiQj vkSj cPps Hkh fpYykus yxs] ^eq>s Hkh mBkvks] eq>s HkhmBkvksA* fcy us dgk] ^eSa nks dks ,d&lkFk ugha mBk ldrkA* rHkh fcuk fdlh iz;kstu ds eSaus dgk] ^eSa nkscPpksa dks] ,d&lkFk mBk ldrk gwaA* igyh ckj cPpksa us esjh rjiQ eqag fd;k vkSj eq>s cM+s è;ku ls ns[kkA^vlEHko!* lHkh us dgkA ^gka] eSa dj ldrk gwa]* eSaus dgkA ^eSa rqEgsa fn[kk ldrk gwaA* fiQj lko/kuh ls nkscPps vkxs vk,A eSa mdM+w cSBk vkSj nksuksa cPpksa dks vius ,d&,d cktw ls idM+dj [kM+k gqvkA blls cPpksaesa mRrstuk c<+hA vc rks lc cPps bdV~Bs gksdj fpYykus yxsA eq>s rqjar izflf¼ fey xbZA eSaus ik;k fd nkscPpksa dks cktqvksa ls idM+us ds ckn Hkh] esjs nksuksa gkFk eqDr FksA eSaus dgk] ^ns[kks] vxj rqe pkgks rks eSa rhucPpksa dks ,d&lkFk mBk ldrk gwaA* ^ugha] ;g lEHko gh ugha gS]* cPps t+ksj ls fpYyk,A tc eSa viuh ckrij vM+k jgk rks ,d rhljk cPpk vkxs vk;kA eSa uhps >qdk vkSj rhljs cPps dks nksuksa gkFkksa ls idM+dj nqckjk[kM+k gks x;kA blls rks ,dne luluh iQSy xbZ! mlds ckn yxkrkj dksbZ&u&dksbZ cPpk esjs mQij ;k rks>wyrk] ;k fiQj esjs da/ksa ij p<+us dh dksf'k'k djrkA var esa eq>s bl [ksy ls FkdkoV gksus yxhA

,d niQk eSa xjhc cPpksa ds xzh"e&f'kfoj eas x;kA ogka ikl ds ,d cM+ss 'kgj ls xksjs vkSj dkys cPps vk,FksA bu cPpksa ij ^ekufld :i ls fopfyr* gksus dk ysfcy yxk FkkA eSa ,d dejs esa x;k tgka rhu yM+dsvkSj ,d LVkiQ FkkA LVkiQ] laosnu'khy vkSj vuqHkoh FkkA yM+ds ,d Vsi&fjdkMZj esa dqN cksy jgs FksA yM+dsdqN 'kekZ jgs Fks ij LVkiQ mUgsa cM+h dq'kyrk ls izksRlkfgr dj jgk FkkA eSa muds ikl tkdj iQ'kZ ij pqipkicSB x;kA fdlh us Hkh esjh rjiQ] ns[kk rd ughaA ijUrq dqN feuV ckn] muesa ls ,d yM+dk FkksM+k eqM+k vkSjoks esjs ?kqVus ij viuh dksguh fVdk nhA FkksM+h nsj ckn nwljk yM+dk Hkh eq>ls lVdj [kM+k gks x;kA muesa lsdksbZ Hkh eq>ls u rks cksyk vkSj u gh mUgksaus esjh vksj ns[kkA bl HkkSfrd lEidZ ds ckn tc dkiQh le; chrx;k rc mu yksxksa us esjh rjiQ ns[kk vkSj eq>ls esjs ckjs esa iwNkA bl vuqHko esa igys 'kkjhfjd lEidZ gqvkvkSj ckn esa ifjp;A vxj eSa fdlh f'k{kd dh rjg] mudks Nwrs gh] vius vkidks vyx dj ysrk rks 'kk;nmuds lkFk vkxs dk laokn ogha [kRe gks tkrkA

ijarq vf/dka'k Ldwyksa dk okLrfod nqfu;k ls vkSj vlyh pht+ksa vkSj yksxksa ls dksbZ lEidZ gksrk gh ugha gSA

d{kk ,d ,slh mckmQ] Hkn~nh vkSj vekuoh; txg gS tgka dHkh dksbZ lPph ckr cksyrk gh ugha gSA ogka ijlHkh yksx dksbZ udyh vfHku; dj jgs gksrs gSaA ogka f'k{kd vkSj cPps vkil esa bZekunkjh ls laokn djus dksLora=k ugha gksrs gSaA ogka gj dksbZ 'kd vkSj mRlqdrk ds lk, esa thrk gSA ogka cPps ,dne lqUu vkSj tM+ gkstkrs gSaA os viuh mQtkZ dks] thou ds mu {k.kksa ds fy, cpk dj j[krs gSa ftUgsa o;Ld fcYdqy rqPN le>rsgSaA tks cPps bl O;oLFkk ls yM+rs gSa mls iNkM+rs gSa] tks mlls uiQjr djrs gSa oks Hkh var esa bl O;oLFkk dk,d vax gksus ds ukrs vius vki ls ?k`.kk djus yxrs gSaA fcjys gh ,sls cPps gksrs gSa tks Ldwy iwjk djus dsckotwn viuh ftKklk] Lora=krk] LokfHkeku vkSj {kerkvksa dks cpkdj j[k ikrs gSaA

f'kdk;rksa dk flyflyk ;gha [kRe gksrk gSA f'kdk;rsa vkSj Hkh dh tk ldrh gSa & vkSj vU; cgqr ls yksxksaus dh Hkh gSa & ij vHkh ds fy, 'kk;n bruk gh dkiQh gSA

ij buds fuokj.k ds fy, gesa D;k dj ldrs gSa\ cgqr dqNA dqN pht+sa rks cgqr ljy gSa vkSj ge mUgsarqjar dj ldrs gSaA dqN dfBu gSa vkSj muesa dqN le; yx ldrk gSA igys dfBu ckrksa dks gh ysaA ge lclsigys] Ldwy esa gkft+jh dh vfuok;Zrk dks [kRe djsaA dqN cnyko djsa ftlls cPpksa dks lky esa de&ls&deipkl&lkB fnu dh vkf/dkfjd NqV~Vh fey ldsA Ldwyksa esa gkft+jh vfuok;Z gks bl fu;e us ,d mi;ksxh vkSjekuoh; jksy fuHkk;k gSA blls cPpksa dk Ldwy tkus dk vf/dkj lqj{kfr gqvk gSA ugha rks cgqr ls yksx vHkhHkh] cPpksa ds Je dk [ksrksa] nqdkuksa] [knkuksa vkSj dkj[kkuksa esa 'kks"k.k djrsA ijarq vkt ds fu;e Ldwyksa] f'k{kdksavkSj cPpksa & fdlh ds fgr esa ugha gSaA tks cPps Ldwy ugha tkuk pkgrs mUgsa Ldwy esa j[kus ls Ldwyksa dkle; u"V gksrk gS vkSj mUgsa reke eqf'dysa >syuh iM+rh gSaA blesa oks dher 'kkfey ugha gS tks uqdlku ;gdSnh] ekSdk ikrs gh djrs gSaA gjsd f'k{kd ;g ckr tkurk gS fd tks cPpk Ldwy ugha vkuk pkgrk oks [kqn rksogka dqN lh[krk ugha gS] ijUrq nwljksa ds fy, Hkh lh[kuk nwHkj dj nsrk gSA tgka rd cPpksa ds 'kks"k.k dh ckrgS & vkt Ldwy] cPpksa ds 'kks"k.k dh ,dek=k izeq[k laLFkk gSA dkyst dh gksM+ esa O;Lr cPps] gÝrs esa yxHkxlRrj ?kaVs dke djrs gSaA ;g dke T+;knkrj dkxt+h gksrk gSA dkyst ugha tkus okys cPpksa ds fy, Ldwy] iw.kZr%le; dh cjcknh gksrk gSA mlds dkj.k oks u rks dqN dek ikrs gSa] u gh dksbZ mi;ksxh dke dj ikrs gSa vkSju gh okdbZ esa dqN lh[k ikrs gSaA

vkifRr;ka% ^vxj cPps Ldwy ugha tk,axs rks os lM+dksa ij vkokjk ?kwesaxsA* ugha] ,slk ugha gksxkA igyh ckr]vxj Ldwyksa dh gkyr vc tSlh gh jgh rks Hkh cPps viuk dqN le; ogha fcrk,axs] D;ksafd ogka cPpksa dks]vius fe=kksa ls feyus dk csgrj ekSdk feysxkA Ldwy] cPpksa ds feyus&tqyus dh ,d izkÑfrd txg gSA nwljhckr] Ldwy cnysaxs] oks /hjs&/hjs csgrj cusaxsA ge Ldwyksa dks jkspd cuk,axs ftlls gekjs cPpksa dk ogka tkus dkeu djsA rhljh ckr] FkksM+h esgur ls ge Ldwy ugha tkus okys cPpksa dks] vU; pht+sa djus ds fy, izsfjr djik,axs & ,slh pht+sa ftUgsa vkerkSj ij cPps] xfeZ;ksa dh NqfV~V;ksa esa gh djrs gSaA

vc dqN ljy ckrksa dks ysaA gesa cPpksa dks Ldwyksa dh pkjnhokjh ds ckgj fudkydj mUgsa] vlyh nqfu;kdks lh/s&lh/s le>us ds volj nsus pkfg,A fd cPpksa dks bZaVksa ds cDlksa esa can djds gh lcls vPNs rjhdsls i<+k;k tk ldrk gS & ,d vk/qfud vkSj csgwnh /kj.kk gSA ,sls rjhds fdlh Hkh lekt esa dke ugha djrsA[kq'kh dh ckr ;g gS fd dqN f'k{kkfon~ vc blds egRo dks le>us yxs gSaA fiQysMsfYiQ;k vkSj iksVZySUM]vksjsxkSu esa vc bl izdkj dh ;kstuk,a cu jgh gSaA ;gka Ldwyksa dh viuh bekjrs gksaxh gh ughaA Ldwy] Nk=kksa dks'kgj esa ys tk,axs vkSj ogka ekStwn] pht+ksa vkSj yksxksa dks] lh[kus ds lalk/uksa tSls mi;ksx djsaxsA cgqr ls 'kgjksa esafuth Ldwy igys ls gh ;g dke dj jgs gSaA ;g ,d vPNk rjhdk gS vkSj gesa bls c<+kuk pkfg,A

,d vksj ge cPpksa dks lh[kus ds fy, vlyh nqfu;k eas ys tk ldrs gSaA nwljh vksj ge vlyh nqfu;k dkdqN fgLlk] Ldwyksa esa yk ldrs gaSA cPpksa dks] ekrk&firk vkSj f'k{kdkas ds vykok] o;Ldksa ls feyus&tqyus dkcgqr de gh ekSdk feyrk gSA blesa vk'p;Z ugha fd cPpksa dks] o;Ldksa ds thou vkSj muds dke ds ckjs esacgqr de gh irk gksrk gSA gesa Ldwyksa esa ,sls cgqr ls yksx ykus pkfg, tks] is'ksoj f'k{kd u gksaA ,sls yksxksa lscPpksa dk lEidZ djkuk pkfg,A eq>s ,d ,sls Ldwy ds ckjs esa irk gS ftlus fp=kdkjksa vkSj gLrdkjksa dks] vius

;gka dqN le; jgus ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;k gSA oks ewfrZdkjksa] feV~Vh ds dkjhxjksa] laxhrKksa vkSj vU; l`tu'khyyksxksa ls dgrs gSa] ^Ñik dj gekjs Ldwy esa] dqN gÝrksa (;k eghuksa) ds fy, i/kjsaA vki Ldwy dks viuhdk;Z'kkyk tSls mi;ksx djsaA tc vki viuk dke djsa rks cPpksa dks mls ns[kus nsaA vxj cPps dksbZ iz'u iwNsavkSj vki pkgsa rks] muds mRrj Hkh nsaA* U;w;kdZ eas ,d laLFkk gS ftldk uke gS VhplZ ,aM jkbZVlZ dksyScksjsfVo& tks jpukdkjksa] ys[kdksa] i=kdkjksa] dfo;ksa] ukVddkjksa] dgkuhdkjksa dk ,d lewg gSA blds lnL; xjhc Ldwyksaesa fu;fer :i ls tkrs gSa vkSj ogka cPpksa ls vius dke vkSj mlls tqM+h leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djrs gSaAblesa cPpksa dks cgqr et+k vkrk gSA nwljs Ldwy esa] ikl ds 'kgj ls ,d dkedkth vkSj liQy odhy gjeghus vkrk gS vkSj cgqr lh d{kkvksa ls dkuwu ds fo"k; ij ppkZ djrk gSA odhy vius jkst+ejkZ ds dslksa esavkbZ eqf'dyksa ds ckjs esa T+;knk crkrk gS] dkuwu ds fdrkch i{k ds ckjs esa deA cPpksa dks blesa D;ksa vkuanvkrk gS\ 'kk;n blfy, D;ksafd ;g ?kVuk,a vlyh] lPph vkSj o;Ld thou dh gksrh gSaA bUgsa Ñf=ke :i lscPPkksa ds fy, lq/kjk&laokjk ugha x;k gksrk gSA buesa dksbZ >wB&iQjsc ugha gksrk D;ksafd ;g ?kVuk,a okLrfodrkij vk/kfjr gksrh gSaA

vc blls Hkh ljy dke ns[ksaA cPpksa dks vkil esa feytqy dj dke djus nsa] vkil essaa lh[kus nsa],d&nwljs dh enn djus nsa] ,d&nwljs dh xfYr;ksa ls lh[kus nsaA ge dbZ 'kgjh] xjhc Ldwyksa ds vuqHkoksa lstkurs gSa fd] cPps gh vU; nwljs cPPkksa dss] loZJs"B f'k{kd gksrs gSaA tc ikapoh ;k NBh dk cPPkk] igyh dscPps dks i<+uk fl[kkrk gS rks mlds [kqn ds i<+us dh {kerk Hkh vHkwriwoZ :i ls csgrj gksrh gSA ;g cM+hegRoiw.kZ ckr gSA vc dbZ Ldwy] dqN FkksM+k Mj&Mj dj] dqN vkRefo'okl ds lkFk] cPpksa ds tksM+h esalh[kus dh ckr ij cy ns jgs gSaA blds fy, cPpksa dks mudk tksM+hnkj lkFkh pquus dh vuqefr nsuh gksxhAfiQj cPps tksfM+;ksa esa] lkFk&lkFk dke djsaxs] ijh{kk,a nsaxsA os vius dk;Z ds vuqlkj uEcj ik,axs & fcYdqymlh rjg tSls fd o;Ldksa dh vlyh nqfu;k esa gksrk gSA nks dh tksM+h esa dke djuk] ,d dkjxj rjhdk gSAean&cqf¼ ds cPpksa ds lkFk dke dj jgs ,d f'k{kd ds vuqlkj] tksM+h esa dke dj jgs cPPkksa ds ifj.kke]muds vdsys dke djus dh rqyuk esa dgha csgrj jgsA ,sls urhtksa dh gesa mEehn Hkh FkhA 'kk;n bl rjhds lsf'k{kd ,d vU; cgqr cM+h leL;k dk gy Hkh <wa< ik,axsA cgqr ls cPps vius LokfHkeku vkSj vkRe&lEekudks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, tkucw> dj iQsy gksus dh j.kuhfr viukrs gSaA bl rjhds ds bLrseky ls 'kk;n ;scPps viuh bl j.kuhfr dks NksM+dj] nqckjk ls [krjs mBkus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk,aA

cPpksa dks vius dke dk [kqn ewY;kadu djus nsaA tks cPpk cksyuk lh[k jgk gks] oks ckj&ckj Vksdus lsdHkh ugha lh[krkA vxj mls cgqr ckj Vksdk tk, rks 'kk;n oks cksyuk gh can dj nsA oks cPPkk fnu esagt+kjksa ckj [kqn dh] vkSj vU; yksxksa }kjk mi;ksx dh xbZ Hkk"kk dh rqyuk djrk gSA /hjs&/hjs oks viuh Hkk"kkdks] nwljksa ds leku cukus dh ps"Vk djrk gSA blh izdkj cPps] fcuk fl[kk, vU; dk;Z Hkh lh[krs gSa tSlspyuk] nkSM+uk] p<+uk] lhVh ctkuk] lkbfdy pykuk] LdsfVax] [ksy [ksyuk] jLlh dwnuk vkfnA bu lHkhfØ;kvksa esa cPps] vius dke dh rqyuk fdlh dq'ky O;fDr ls djrs gSa vkSj fiQj /hjs&/hjs vius dk;Z esalq/kj ykrs gSaA ijarq ge Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dks mudh xfYr;ksa dks igpkuus rd dk ekSdk ugha nsrs] mUgsalq/kjus dh ckr rks nwj jghA gesa yxrk gS fd gekjs fcuk crk, cPpksa dks mudh xyrh dk vglkl gksxkgh ughaA vkSj fcuk fn[kk, oks viuh xyrh dks dHkh lq/kjsaxs ughaA bl izdkj tYnh gh cPps fo'ks"kKksa ijfuHkZj gks tkrs gSaA cPpksa dks viuh xfYr;ka [kqn lq/kjus nsaA oks vU; cPpksa dh lgk;rk ls [kqn 'kCnkas dklgh vFkZ [kksts] leL;kvksa ds gy [kkstas] vkSj ckrphr dk lgh rjhdk lh[kasA foKku vkSj xf.kr tSls dqNfo"k;ksa esa] tgka lgh mRrj vfuok;Z gksa] ogka cPpksa dks lgh mRrj miyC/ djk,aA cPpksa dks vius dk;Z]ijh{kk&i=k vkfn dks [kqn tkapus nsaA f'k{kd bu fujFkZd dk;ksZa esa viuk le; D;ksa cjckn djsa\ tc cPpkdgs fd mls lgh mRrj [kkstus dk rjhdk ugha ekywe rc f'k{kd vo'; mldh enn djsA f'k{kd ijh{kkiQytSlh csgwnk ckrksa dks Hkwy tk,aA dksbZ D;k tkurk vkSj le>rk gS bls u rks ge tkurs gSa] vkSj u gh dHkh tkuldrs gSaA bls ge iz'uksa ds }kjk rks fcYdqy ugha tku ldrsA fdlh dks D;k ugha vkrk] ge dsoy bruk gh

tku ldrs gSaA lkjs ijh{kki=k vkSj VsLV cPpksa dks iQalkus ds tky gSaA bl tky dks tyk nsa vkSj cPpksa dks okslh[kus nsa tks gjsd f'kf{kr O;fDr dks ,d fnu lh[kuk pkfg, & viuh le> dks [kqn ekiuk vkSj [kqn ekywedjuk fd mls D;k vkrk gS vkSj D;k ughaA

dqN ,sls lq/kj gSa] tks dfBu gSaA vko';d] fuf'pr ikB~;Øe dk cfg"dkj djsaA yksx dsoy jkspd vkSjmi;ksxh pht+sa gh ;kn j[krs gSa & ,slh ckrsa ftuls mUgsa nqfu;k dks le>us esa enn feyrh gS vkSj ftuesa mUgsaet+k vkrk gSA ckdh lc] vxj mUgksaus mls dHkh lh[kk Hkh gks] rks Hkh mls os tYnh gh Hkwy tkrs gSaA ;g nqfu;ktfVy gS vkSj rst+h ls cny jgh gSA Ldwy esa fdlh fuf'pr ^Kku ds HkaMkj* dks lh[kdj] lkjh ft+anxh mi;ksxdj ikuk ,d fujFkZd dYiuk gSA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd nqfu;k ds lcls Toyar iz'uksa vkSj leL;kvksa dk] LdwyvkSj fo'ofo|ky; ds ikB~;Øe esa] lekos'k gksrk gh ugha gSA vki fdlh Hkh fo'ofo|ky; ds ifjp;i=k dksmBk dj i<+ ysaA fdlh Hkh ikB~;Øe esa vkidks 'kkafr] xjhch] uLyokn] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tSls iz'u ugha feysaxsA

lkyksa dh xyr f'k{kk ds ckn Hkh cPps ftl pht+ dks lcls vf/d pkgrs gSa oks gS] bl nqfu;k dks le>ukvkSj mleas viuk vkSj vU; yksxksa dk lkFkZd jksy [kkstukA bl dk;Z esa ge t+:j mudh enn djsaA ijarqlgk;rk ,slh gks ftlls cPpksa dks okdbZ esa nqfu;k le>us esa enn feysA mRlqd vkSj fpUrkxzLr ikyd vkSjf'k{kd dgsaxs] ^vxj blds ckn Hkh cPps nqfu;k esa thus dh dksbZ lkFkZd ckr ugha lh[ks] rks fiQj D;k gksxk\*vki bldh fiQØ u djsaA vxj dksbZ ckr nqfu;k esa thus ds fy, vko';d gksxh rks cPps mls irk djds mlst+:j lh[k ysaxsA o;Ld iwNsaxs] ^vxj cPpksa us Hkfo"; ds fy, mi;ksxh ckrsa ugha lh[kha] rc D;k gksxk\* fdlhHkh ckr dks rc lh[kk tkrk gS tc mldh t+:jr eglwwl gksrh gksA Hkfo"; esa D;k lh[kuk gksxk ;g fdlh dksugha ekyweA chl lky ckn gesa ftl Kku dh vko';drk gksxh oks 'kk;n vkt miyC/ gh u gksA o;Lddgsaxs] ^vxj cPpksa dks [kqn pquus dk ekSdk feysxk] rks os [kjkc ckrsa gh pqusaxsA* ;g lgh gS fd cPps tks dqNpqusaxs muesa ls dqN ckrsa dkiQh [kjkc Hkh gksaxhA ijarq os vPNh ckrsa rHkh pquuk lh[ksaxs tc os [kqn mUgsa pqusaxsvkSj muds lgkjs ft,axsA yksx vius xyr p;u dks igpkusa vkSj mUgsa cnysa] ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA vxjdksbZ dHkh xyrh gh ugha djsxk rks mls oks lq/kjsxk dSls\ vxj nwljs yksx mldh xyrh dks lq/kjrs jgsaxs rks okslh[ksxk dSls\ lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd ftl cPps dks dHkh vlfy;r esa p;u djus dk ekSdk gh ufeyk gks oks lgh p;u djus dh viuh {kerk ij fo'okl dSls djsxk\ vxj mls [kqn viuh ft+anxh dks pykikus dk Hkjkslk ugha gS rks oks mlds izca/ ds fy, fdldh 'kj.k esa tk,xk\

;gka ewy loky dkiQh ljy gaSA D;k ge cPpksa dks Hkh:] vkKkdkjh] Mjiksd] dk;j HksM+ksa tSlk cukuk pkgrsgSa ;k fiQj mUgsa eqDr balkuksa tSlk\ vxj gesa HksM+sa pkfg, rks gekjs Ldwyksa dh orZeku gkyr mlds fy, fcYdqymi;qDr gSA vkSj vxj gesa eqDr balku pkfg, rks gesa dqN cM+s cM+s ifjorZu djus gksaxsA

1966

pwgk&nkSM+vktdy ijh{kkvksa esa vf/d vad ykus ds fy, cPpksa ij cgqr ncko gSA gesa yxrk gS fd Ldwy vkSj

dkyst blds fy, ft+Eesnkj ugha gSaA f'k{k.k laLFkk,a tgka ,d vksj] ikydksa dh egRokdka'kkvksa dh f'kdkj gSa oghanwljh vksj mUgsa] bl tfVy lekt dh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djuk gSA bl nyhy esa 'kk;n gh dqN lPpkbZ gksA dqN,sls Hkh Ldwy gSa ftUgsa] mudh bPNk ds fojQ¼] ikydksa dh ekax ds dkj.k] i<+kbZ ds dkj[kkuksa esa ifjofrZr djfn;k x;k gSA ijUrq T+;knkrj txgksa ij f'k{kkfon~ [kqn gh bl ncko dk dkj.k gSaA cPpksa dh cqf¼] pfj=k vkSj{kerkvksa ds lEiw.kZ fodkl ds ctk, ;s f'k{kkfon] vius fgrksa ds fy, cPPkksa dks dks vgadkj] /u vkSj izfr"Bkls izsfjr Li/kZ esa >ksad jgs gSaA f'k{k.k laLFkk,a cPpksa dh lsok djrh gSa ,d dksjk feFkd gSA vlfy;r esa cPpksa

dk dsoy ,d gh jksy gksrk gS & os vius csgrjhu ifj.kkeksa ls bu laLFkkvksa ds fy, xkSjo gkfly djsaA;g ckr dsoy dkystksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds fy, gh lp ugha gSA eSaus dbZ lsdsaMjh vkSj izkFkfed Ldwy

ds f'k{kdksa ls Hkh cPpksa ij Hkkjh dk;Z cks> dh ckr lquh gSA muds vuqlkj vxj cPPkksa dk cks> de djus lsmuds ijh{kkvksa esa de vad vk,axs vkSj mlls Ldwy dh izfr"Bk /wfey gksxhA eq>s vHkh Hkh ,d izfrf"BrizkFkfed Ldwy ds vuqHkoh f'k{kd dh ckr ;kn gSA mlus ,d ehfVax esa dgk fd ;fn cPpkas dk ijh{kkiQyvU; izfr}anh Ldwyksa dh rqyuk esa uhps fxjk rks mUgsa vius Ldwy dks can djus ds fy, et+cwj gksuk iM+sxkA ;grc] tcfd bl Ldwy esa nkf[kys ds fy,] izR;kf{k;ksa dh ,d yach drkj FkhA eq>s dqN ,sls Ldwyksa ds ckjs esaHkh irk gS tgka f'k{kdksa dk osru cPpksa ds ijh{kkiQyksa ds vuqlkj mQij&uhps fd;k tkrk gSA

dqN fnu igys eSa U;w baXySUM ds ,d fo[;kr Ldwy esa] iqjkus Nk=kksa ds ,d Hkkst esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, x;kAogka ,d f'k{kd us vius Hkk"k.k esa] cM+s xoZ ls mu liQy Nk=kksa dk izfr'kr crk;k ftUgsa vius euilan dkystesa nkf[kyk fey x;k FkkA mUgksaus Ldwy dks xkSjo fnykus okys vU; Nk=kksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;kA eq>s ;g lqudjyxk tSls dksbZ mRiknd] vU; izfr}afn;ksa dh rqyuk esa] vius eky dh rkjhiQ dj jgk gksA nwljh vksj tcLdwy ds f'k{kd de vad izkIr djus okys cPpksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djrs gSa rks mudh vkokt+ ,dne cnytkrh gSA bu cPpksa dks ,d ?kfV;k eky] ;kfu dEiuh ds uke ij /Cck le>k tkrk gS] vkSj mudk mRiknu candjus dh ckr dgh tkrh gSA cgqr de cPps gh ;g dgrs gSa fd] Ldwy Bhd ugha gaSA vDlj Ldwy gh cPpksadks nks"kh Bgjkrs gSaA

;g dguk vfr'k;ksfDr ugha gksxh fd egkRokdka{kh Ldwy] dkfcy cPpksa dk Hkh"k.k 'kks"k.k djrs gSaA ;s LdwycPpksa dks O;kikj txr dh rjg ,d ^eky* ds :i esa ns[krs gSa vkSj muij fouk'kdkjh euksoSKkfud nckoMkyrs gSaA

bu Ldwyksa esa ckjg&rsjg lky ds cPps] fnu Hkj i<+us ds ckn jkr dks nks&rhu ;k mlls T+;knk ?kaVs dkgkseodZ djrs gSa tks lIrkg ds var esa vkSj vf/d gks tkrk gSA cPpksa dh vk;q c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkkj Hkhc<+rk tkrk gSA dkyst esa tkus ls igys cgqr ls cPps lIrkg esa lRrj ?kaVs ls Hkh T+;knk le; i<+rs gSaAvkS|ksfxd Økafr ds ccZj fnuksa ds ckn ls] cPPkksa us dHkh Hkh bruk vf/d dke ugha fd;k gksxkA

esjh ,d pkSng o"khZ; Nk=kk us eq>ls f'kdk;r ugha] ij et+kd ds ygt+s esa dgk fd tc oks jkr dks yksdyVªsu ls ?kj tkrh gS rks mls Vªsu esa reke O;kikjh feyrs gSa tks ?kj tkdj vkjke djus dh lksprs gSa tcfd mls?kj ij nks&rhu ?kaVs dk x`gdk;Z djuk gksxkA cgqr ls vkneh vius iwjs fnu ds dke dks] bl yM+dh ds Ldwydk;Z ls de dfBu ikrs gksaxsA

vius i{k esa Ldwy vkSj dkyst ;g nyhy nsrs gSaA csgrj izf'kf{kr yksxksa dh lkekftd ekax ds dkj.k ghLdwy vkSj dkyst Nk=kksa ij vR;f/d ncko Mkyus dks et+cwj gksrss gSaA oSls ;g nyhy ljklj >wBh gSA

vlfy;r dqN vkSj gh gSA bu f'k{kkfonksa dk dsoy ,d gh mn~ns'; gS & dkyst [kkstrs ikydksa vkSjdeZpkjh [kkstrh dEifu;ksa dks ;g crkuk fd] muds dkyst esa nkf[kyk eqf'dy gksus ds dkj.k] oks nwljksa lscsgrj gSaA blfy, lcls vPNs Nk=kksa dks mUgha ds dkyst esa nkf[kyk ysuk pkfg, vkSj lcls pksVh dh dEifu;ksadks Hkh mUgha ds Lukrdksa dks ukSdfj;ka nsuh pkfg,A

gky gh esa eSaus ,d izeq[k dkyst esa] f'k{kdksa ls ckrphr ds nkSjku dgk fd gekjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa dkmn~ns'; Hkfo"; ds mPp inkf/dkfj;ksa] oSKkfudksa dks O;olkf;d izf'k{k.k nsuk ugha] cfYd vkt ds cPPkksa dksfo'o dk ft+Eesnkj vkSj lqf'kf{kr ukxfjd cukuk gSA esjh ckr dks lqudj fdlh us eq>ls ,d cgqr lVhd vkSjjkspd iz'u iwNk% vxj dkyst Hkfo"; ds ^usrkvksa* dk fuekZ.k ugha djsxk rks Hkfo"; esa mls ^,ywfeukbZ iQaM* dsfy, /u dgka ls feysxk & tks dkyst ds fy, izfr"Bk dh jsl esa cus jgus ds fy, t+:jh gS\ crk,a dgka ls\;g okdbZ esa ,d dfBu leL;k gSA ijarq ;g leL;k f'k{kkfonksa ds fy, ,d izeq[k fpark dk fo"k; ugha gksuk

pkfg,A bl leL;k ds dkj.k cPpksa ij vPNs ifj.kkeksa ds fy, vR;kf/d ncko Mkyuk rks ljklj xyr gksxkAbu nckoksa dk D;k vlj gksrk gS\ budk dkiQh gkfudkjd vlj iM+rk gSA buls cPPkksa esa lgh mRrj ikus

dh fpark c<+ tkrh gS vkSj os xyrh djus ls drjkus yxrs gSaA cPps vius O;ogkj esa cpko dh j.kuhfrviukus yxrs gSa ftlls mudh ckSf¼d izfrHkk <ad tkrh gS vkSj lPph lh[k vlaHko gks tkrh gSA

ftu ianzg&lksyg o"kZ ds cPpksa dks eSa vHkh i<+krk gwa muesa bl nq"izHkko dks vf/d Li"Vrk ls ns[kk tkldrk gSA fdlh O;fDr dh ft+anxh esa ;gh oks oDr gksrk gS tc oks ncko ls lcls T+;knk eqfDr pkgrk gSAft+anxh ds bl eqdke ij vkdj O;fDr dks viuh balkfu;r dk cks/ gksrk gSA oks vius vkidks tkuuk vkSjle>uk pkgrk gSA vkSj bl le> ij gh ;g fuHkZj djrk gS fd ckn esa oks dSlk balku cusxkA ;g ,d ,slkle; gksrk gS tc O;fDr [kqn dks le>rk gS vkSj [kqn dk fuekZ.k Hkh djrk gS] tSlk fd izfl¼ vejhdhnk'kZfud Fkks: us dgk Fkk fd gjsd balku [kqn viuh lcls mRre dykd`fr ;kfu ^ekLVjihl* gksrk gSA

O;fDr dh igpku fdu pht+ksa ls curh gS\ mlds xq.kksas] jQfp;ksa vkSj fo'oklksa ls ftUgsa oks [kkstrk vkSjlatksrk gSA tks u [kks ldrs gksa vkSj u gh pksjh fd, tk ldrs gksaA tks ml O;fDr dh inoh] liQyrk vkSjnwljksa dh jk; ij fuHkZj u gksaA mlds vkn'kZ O;fDr dkSu gSaA mls fdl izdkj dh iqLrdsa] laxhr] [ksy ilan gSaAdkSu lh jQfp;ksa esa mls et+k vkrk gSA pkgsa fdlh dh muesa jQfp gks ;k ugha] vkSj pkgsa oks djus yk;d gksa ;kugha] fiQj Hkh mlus mu jQfp;ksa dks pquk gSA oks vius thou dks le`¼ cukus ds fy, dkSu ls u, vuqHko[kkstrk gSA

c<+rs ukStokukas dks ;g lc [kkstus] p[kus] pquus vkSj R;kxus ds fy, le; pkfg,A oks dkSu gS vkSj oks oSlkdSls cuk_ Hkfo"; esa oks D;k cuuk pkgrk gS vkSj mlds fy, mls D;k djuk gksxk\ bu lc iz'uksa ds fy,cPpksa dks lkspus vkSj ckrphr dk le; pkfg, gksrk gSA mls vuqHko djus vkSj mUgsa ipkus dk le; pkfg,gksrk gSA ge cPpksa dks ;g lc djus dk oDr ugha nsrsA

blds vykok ge ukStokuksa dks ges'kk ,d dV?kjs esa [kM+k djds muds ckjs esa yxkrkj fu.kZ; ysrs jgrs gSaAblds ifj.kke Lo:i os [kqn ds ewY;kadu] vkSj liuksa dks R;kx nsrs gSaA os gekjs ewY;kadu vkSj lksp ds vuqlkjvkxs c<+rs gSaA o;Ldksa ds lkeus mudh dSlh Nfo gS\ blh iz'u ds ckjs esa cPps lksprs jgrs gSaA nwljs yksxmuds ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa] cPps blh ckr ls =kLr jgrs gSaA

ukStokuksa ds ckjs esa gekjs fu.kZ; vf/drj vkykspukRed] cqjs vkSj dBksj gksrs gSa vkSj ge mudh xfYr;ksa dkc<+k&p<+k dj c[kku djrs gSaA 'kk;n blh dkj.k os vius vki dks cqjk le>us yxrs gSaA vly esa ukStokuksa dhmez viuh vfLerk] viuh vlyh dher igpkuus dh gksrh gSA ij ge bldk fcYdqy mYVk djrs gSaA

ftl izfrLi/kZ esa geus cPpksa dks >ksadk gS mlesa gjsd izR;k{kh gkjrk gh gSA cPps Ldwy tk,a vkSj ogkavPNk djsa Hkj ls vc ikyd larq"V ugha gSaA cPpksa ds fy, Hkh vc oks i;kZIr ugha gSA vc lHkh dk ,dek=ky{; gksrk gS & fdlh fo[;kr dkyst esa nkf[kyk ysukA ckdh dqN Hkh gkj dk ladsr gksxkA eSa vDlj Nk=kksa dks;g dgrs gq, lqurk gwa] ^eSa iQyka dkyst esa nkf[kyk pkgrk Fkk] ijarq yxrk gS fd eSa mlds ;ksX; ugha gwaA*cPpksa dk bl izdkj dk lksp ,d cgqr nnZukd ckr gSA fdlh nwj fLFkr dkyst }kjk nkf[kyk ugha fn, tkus lscPps vius vkidks csodwiQ vkSj fudEek le>us yxs ;g cgqr xyr ckr gSA

cPpksa ij ge tks ncko Mky jgs gSa mlds dkj.k os vius vkidks vlgk; vkSj lRrkghu eglwl djus yxsgSaA esjs ,d fe=k us gky gh esa ,d izfrf"Br dkyst ls Lukrd dh fMxzh gkfly dh gSA ogka Nk=kksa dks i<+us dsfy, bruh vf/d lkexzh nh xbZ] fd fdlh vPNs&ls&vPNs ikBd ds fy, Hkh mlesa ls vk/h Hkh lkexzh dksi<+ ikuk vlEHko FkkA

tc Nk=kksa dks ,slk dke fn;k tkrk gS ftls djuk vlaHko gks rks os vius vkidks pwgksa dh nkSM+ esa Fkds vkSjiLr fdlh O;kikjh tSlk eglwl djrs gSaA mUgsa yxrk gS tSls oks vius thou ij fu;a=k.k [kks cSBs gksaA ckgjh'kfDr;ka mUgsa] vius eulwcksa dks lk/us ds fy, yxkrkj nkSM+us ds fy, mdlkrh gSaA blls mUgsa lkal ysus dh]

dqN lkspus rd dh iQqlZr ugha feyrhA tSlk fd ;wuku esa iqjkus t+ekus esa gksrk Fkk os i<+us&fy[kus ds cknvius lekt ds lkFk tqM+dj mlesa ;ksxnku ugha nsuk pkgrsA Nk=kksa dks viuRo dk vglkl ugha gksrkA mUgsayxrk gS fd dksbZ vekuoh; e'khu mUgsa vius LokFkksZa ds fy, <ky jgh gksA

esjs Nk=k eq>ls iwNrs gSa] ^eSa vius vkidks dSls cpk ldrk gw¡\ eSa vius vanj ds vlyh balku dks bllekt ls dSls lqjf{kr j[k ldrk gw¡\* iz'u iwNus ds ckn oks fujk'k gksdj bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaprs gSa fd osviuh vfLerk dks ugha cpk ik,axsA ikSy xqMeSu us 'kk;n Bhd gh dgk Fkk fd geus vius izfrHkk'kkyh Nk=kksa ijxqykeh dh euksn'kk Fkksih gSA geus ubZ ih<+h dks] thou ds lqanj y{; vkSj lius u nsdj] mUgsa ijk/hurk vkSjxqykeh dh csfM+;ka nh gaSA vc muesa vius liuksa dks thus ds fy, Kku dh pkg vkSj u gh lRrk dh yydugha cph gSA blfy, oks crk, gq, dk;ksZa dks gh vPNh rjg djrs gSa D;ksafd muesa euk djus dh fgEer vcugha cph gSA

Nk=kksa esa fe'ku dh Hkkouk dks u"V djds ge] dke vkSj vkjke ds {k.kksa esa muds vkuan dks Hkh Hkz"V djnsrs gSaA Fkks: us fy[kk Fkk% ^lcls fuiq.k et+nwj vius fnu dks dke ds cks> ls ugha HkjsxkA oks ml dk;Z dkspqusxk tks mls vklku vkSj vkuannk;h yxsxkA* vkneh esa dke djus dh izcy bPNk gks] ;kuh oks vius vkidksml dke ls jksd gh u ik, vkSj dke feyrs gh mlesa vkuan fogksj gks mBsA tks O;fDr bl vuqHkwfr ls oafprgS mls vo'; fdlh us Nyk gSA oks vc dke dks Bhd ls ugha djsxkA 'kk;n oks dk;Z djus yk;d gh u gksA

eq>s vius ,d iqjkus Nk=k dh ;kn gSA mls dbZ gÝrksa rd] NqV~Vh ds fnuksa esa Hkh] dke iwjk u djus dsdkj.k Ldwy esa jksd dj j[kk x;kA tc ,d NqV~Vh okys fnu eSa mlls feyk rks oks viuh jQfp ds ,d dke esaO;Lr FkkA oks ,d NksVs fizafVx izsl ij dke dj jgk FkkA eSaus jks"k esa mRrsftr gksdj mlls iwNk] ^vxj rqeviuh euet+hZ ds dke gh djksxs rks rqe mUgha dkeksa dks gh D;ksa ugha djrs jgrsA*

mlus /hjs ls eq>s cM+k le>nkjh dk tokc fn;k] ^ugha eSa ,slk ugha dj ldrkA oks eq>s vkSj dke lkSai nsaxsftls eq>s djuk gh gksxkA*

igys ds vis{kk ;g lPpkbZ vkt T+;knk iz[kj gSA Ldwy vius vkils ;g ugha dg ldrs] ^ns[kks] vc cgqrgks pqdkA* vxj mQaps NYys dks cPpk ikj dj ysrk gS rks Ldwy mls liQyrk dh fu'kkuh ekudj NYys dksvkSj mQapk mBk nsrs gSaA

bu nckoksa ds fodjky izHkko gesa lkiQ&lkiQ fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA buls euksoSKkfud fopyu vkSj [kqnd'kh c<+hgSA Nk=k 'kjkc vkSj MªXl dk vR;kf/d lsou djus yxs gSaA u dsoy vliQy Nk=kksa esa ijarq rst+] izfrHkk'kkyhNk=kksa esa Hkh udy dh okjnkrsa Hkh c<+h gSaA ;g ,d nq[kn ckr gS fd gekjs cgqr ls vPNs vkSj dkfcy Nk=kbl ckr ls iw.kZr% lger gSa fd liQyrk ds fy, mUgsa udy djuh gh pkfg,A liQyrk muds fy, bruhegRoiw.kZ gks xbZ gS fd mlds fy, udy djuk Hkh lgh dke cu x;k gSA

vPNs vad ikus ds nckoksa ds dkj.k] lh[kus dh izfØ;k gh Hkz"V gks xbZ gSA dFkuh pkgsa dqN Hkh gks] ijarqgekjh djuh mldh mYVh gksrh gSA ftl izdkj ge iqjQLdkj ckaVrs gSa] mlls Nk=kksa dks yxrk gS fd lh[kukle> vkSj vkuan ds fy, ugha] cfYd dksbZ buke ikus ds fy, gSA Ldwyksa vkSj dkystksa esa fo"k; dh vlyhle>nkjh t+:jh ugha gS] egRoiw.kZ ckr gS dqN yksxksa dks ,slk yxs fd rqEgsa vkrk gSA Kku blfy, ewY;oku ughagksrk D;ksafd ge mlls lkekftd vkSj futh leL;kvksa dks lqy>krs gSa] ij blfy, D;ksafd Kku ,d ckt+k: ekygS ftls ge mQaps nke ij csap ldrs gSaA Ldwy ,d /ks[kk/M+h dk dkjksckj cu x;k gSA Ldwy esa liQyrk ijgh vlyh fta+nxh dh liQyrk fuHkZj djrh gS tks bl [ksy dks lgh rjhds ls [ksyus ls gh gkfly gksrh gSA

D;k Ldwyksa vkSj dkystksa dks mQaps xzsM~l vkSj ijh{kkiQyksa dh ekax dks de djus ;k gVkus ds fy, jkt+h fd;ktk ldrk gS\ dbZ dkj.kksa ls Ldwy vkSj dkyst bl ckr dks ugha Lohdkj djsaxsA

igys] mUgsa bl ckr dk dksbZ vankt+ gh ugha gS fd izfr"Bk dh bl izfrLi/kZ ls] fdrus vf/d vejhdhukStokuksa vkSj f'k{kk dk uqdlku gks jgk gSA oks blds fcYdqy foijhr 'kCnkoyh & f'k{kk dks vf/d mUur

cukus vkSj mQaps ekudksa dh ckr djrs gSaAnwljs] mUgksaus vius vuqHkoksa ls ik;k gS fd mQaps vad izkIr djus okys Nk=kksa dh dkyst esa fVds jgus dh

laHkkouk T+;knk gSA ij Ldwyksa dh lkjh i<+kbZ gh mQaps vad ykus ij vk/kfjr gSA vxj Ldwy ijh{kkvksa vkSjvadksa ds egRo dks de djsaxs rks 'kk;n oks ,sls Nk=k Hkh de ysaxs tks fliQZ bErgku ikl djus esa gh dq'ky gksaA

rhljs] vxj dkyst nkf[kys dks mQaps vadksa ds ekin.M lss eqf'dy ugha cuk,axs rks muds ikl nkf[kyk ysusokyksa dk vEckj yx tk,xk vkSj fiQj oks muesa ls lgh pquko dSls djsaxsA ij D;ksafd dkystksa esa nkf[kys dsfy, oSls gh yach ykbZuas gSa blfy, mUgsa mQaps vadksa ds vykok nkf[kys ds vU; ekin.M <wa<us pkfg,A vkSjvxj dkystksa ds ikl mlds ckotwn Hkh cgqr T+;knk vftZ;ksa gksa rks nkf[kys ykWVjh ds t+fj, fd, tkus pkfg,Ablls vxj dksbZ Nk=k fdlh yksdfiz; dkyst esa vthZ Hkjsxk rkss nkf[kys dh de laHkkouk dk irk mls igys lsgh gksxkA nkf[kyk u feyus ij Nk=k mls la;ksx (pkal) ekusxk vkSj [kqn dks v;ksX; ugha Bgjk,xkA

blds fy, dqN izfrf"Br dkyst bdV~Bk feydj dqN dj ldrs gSaA os gj o"kZ] la;qDr :i ls de vadikus okys] ijUrq vU; {ks=kksa esa dq'ky] dqN Nk=kksa dks] nkf[ky dj ldrs gSaA vxj ,slk djus ls mUgsa yxrk gSfd ;s Nk=k mPp vad okys Nk=kksa fturs gh ewY;oku vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh gSa rks os vxys l=kksa esa de&vad okysNk=kksa dh la[;k dks c<+k ldrs gSaA bl uhfr ls izkFkfed vkSj lsd.Mjh Ldwy ds f'k{kd mPp vadksa ds vykokvU; mn~ns';ksa ij viuk è;ku dsafnzr djsaxsA blls bErgku ikl djus esa vdq'ky reke izfrHkk'kkyh ukStokuksa dks,d mEehn dk lgkjk feysxkA

vxj dkyst izfr"Bk vkSj izfrLi/kZ ds fy, mPp vad okys Nk=kksa dks HkrhZ djus dh viuh ea'kk dks bldsckn Hkh ugha cnyrs gSa rks Ldwyksa dks ,sls dkystksa dk cfg"dkj djuk pkfg,A blds fy, lcls igys blvo/kj.kk dks [akfMr djuk gksxk fd vPNh f'k{kk] dsoy ukeh&fxjkeh] izfrf"Br dkystksa esa gh ugha feyrhA

eq>s ,sls cgqr ls Nk=kksa ds ckjs esa irk gS tks izfrf"Br dkystksa esa gSa ijarq ftUgsa ogka dk ikB~;Øe ukilan gSvkSj ftuds fy, ogka jguk ,d izsjd vuqHko ugha gSA eSa ,sls Hkh dbZ yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa dks tkurk gwa tks deizfrf"Br laLFkkvksa esa i<+us ds ckotwn T+;knk [kq'k vkSj izsfjr gSaA

de izfr"Bk okys dkystksa esa ldrk gS ,dne pksVh ds vè;kid de gksaA ij ;gka vè;kidksa ds ikl ftKklqNk=kksa ds dke esa jQfp ysus vkSj muds lkFk oDr fcrkus dk T+;knk le; gksA ;gka ds Nk=kksa ij ncko de gksusds dkj.k 'kk;n mUgsa viuh jQfp;ksa ds fy, vf/d le; feyrk gksA

Ldwy vkSj dkystksa dks bl vo/kj.kk dks tM+ ls gh feVkus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, fd f'k{kk fdlhlRrk/kjh dh Ñikn`f"V ikus ds fy, vU; Nk=kksa ds f[kykiQ ,d jsl gSA egRoiw.kZ D;k gS\ mUgsa ml lPpkbZ dkslcds lkeus j[kuk pkfg, ftls ;sy fo'ofo|ky; ds izslhMsaV] fxzloksYM us cM+h Li"Vrk ls dgk gS & ^i<+usokys balku ds [kqn&lh[kus dh bPNk&'kfDr vkSj {kerk vkSj lkFk esa gjsd dke dk vkuan ysrs gq, mlesa vFkZvkSj lPpkbZ [kkstukA*

gesa dqN mRlkgo/Zd fpUg ut+j vk jgs gSaA gekjs dqN izfrf"Br dkyst vkSj fo'ofo|ky; vc le> jgsgSa fd ijh{kk ds mPp vad gh HkrhZ dk ,dek=k ekin.M ugha gksuk pkfg,A gkjoMZ fo'ofo|ky; dk esjk ,dNk=k vc ,d fo[;kr dkyst esa izksiQslj gSA mlds ,d Nk=k u gkbZ Ldwy Hkh iwjk ugha fd;kA Ldwy NksM+us dsi'pkr mlus nwj&njkt+ dh ;k=kk,a dha vkSj Lora=k :i ls dkedkt djrk jgkA ckn esa gkjoMZ vkSj czkmu nksuksafo'ofo|ky;ksa esa mls nkf[kyk fey x;kA

gekjs Ldwy ;g lkspus yxs gSa fd eksyrksy dh lkjh lRRkk dkystksa ds ikl gSA ijarq ,slk ugha gSA vxj gekjsNk=kksa dks izfrf"Br dkyst pkfg, rks bu fo[;kr dkystksa dks vPNs Nk=k Hkh pkfg,A eku ysa fd cgqr ls Ldwyla;qDr :i ls dkystksa ls ;g dgsa] ^gekjs lcls vPNs Nk=k] mPp vadksa dh izkfIr ls rax vk pqds gSaA os vcviuh jQfp vkSj [kq'kh ds fy, gh lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA vki gesa Hkjkslk fnyk,a vkSj fn[kk,a fd vkids ;gka mPpvad de egRoiw.kZ gSa] ugha rks gekjs Nk=k vU; dkystksa dh ryk'k djsaxs] vkSj bl dke esa Ldwy Nk=kksa dh

enn djsaxsA* D;k blls rLohj ugha cnysxh\ ncko rks nksuksa vksj ls Mkyk tk ldrk gSAvc t+jk nh?kZdkyhu ut+fj, ls ns[ksaA esjh jk; esa dkystksa dks] gjsd vthZ Hkjus okys dks nkf[kyk ns nsuk

pkfg,A ij vxj ogka lkjh lhVsa Hkj x;ha rks D;k gksxk\ fiQj mUgas ogh djuk pkfg, tks gj flusek?kj] ukV~;xzgvkSj ysDpj&gky djrs gaSA ckgj ,d uksfVl yVdk nsuk pkfg, fd vc lhVsa Hkj xbZ gSa vkSj n'kZdksa dks vxys'kks rd bart+kj djuk gksxkA vxj dksbZ Nk=k fdlh fo[;kr vkSj ukeh&fxjkeh dkyst esa tkus dk nhokuk gksxk rksmls mlds fy, 'kk;n pkj lky dk bartkj djuk iM+s vkSj mlds i'pkr gh mls nkf[kyk feysA cgqr lsfoosd'khy Nk=k nwljs dkystksa & tks 'kk;n brus izfrf"Br u gksa] esa nkf[kyk ys ysaxs D;ksafd ogka ij ykbu bruhyach u gksA HkhM+ dh leL;k Nk=kksa dh leL;k cus] dkystksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dh ughaA blh izdkj Nk=kksa dks gh blckr dk fu.kZ; ysus nsa fd oks dkyst dk dk;Z dj ik,axs ;k ughaA tc eSa fdlh laxhr&gky esa dksbZ eqf'dylaxhr dks lqurk gwa rks ckgj fudyrs gh mldks ysdj dksbZ esjh ijh{kk ugha ysrkA gks ldrk gS fd oks laxhrbruk fDy"B gks fd eq>s ilan gh u vk;k gks] ;k le> esa u vk;k gks vkSj laxhr&gky esa tkdj eSaus iQkyrw esavius iSls vkSj le; cjckn fd, gksaA bls esjh cnfdLerh le>saA tc eSa dksbZ iqLrd [kjhnrk gwa] ;k ukVdns[krk gwa] ;k fdlh Hkk"k.k ;k E;wft+;e esa tkrk gwa rks Hkh ;gh ckr ykxw gksrh gSA Nk=kksa dks Hkh ;s [krjs eksyysus nsaA

1966

f'k{kd cgqr T+;knk cksyrs gSaD;k f'k{kd cgqr T+;knk cksyrs gSa\ 'kk;n gka] cgqr vf/dA lqcg Ldwy tkus ls 'kke dks okfil vkus rd

f'k{kd cksyuk can ugha djrs gSaA vf/d cksyus ls tc vxys fnu mudk xyk [kjkc gksrk gS rHkh mUgsa blckr dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA

f'k{kd D;k cksyrs gSa\ vDlj oks dksbZ tkudkjh nsrs gSaA ;k fiQj ikB dk dksbZ va'k i<+rs gSaA ;k fiQj oksdksbZ ,slh ckr crkrs gSa tks mUgsa yxrk gS fd Nk=kksa dks tkuuk pkfg,A ;g ckrsa O;kdj.k ds fu;e] LFkkuksa vkSj?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa rF;] fdlh dfork dk lkj] fdlh iqLrd dk egRo vkfn gks ldrh gSaA f'k{kdksa dkstkudkjh nsuk vPNk yxrk gSA blh esa mUgsa vkuan feyrk gS vkSj ;gh 'kk;n mudk is'kk Hkh gSA

dHkh&dHkh f'k{kd dksbZ iz;ksx fn[kkrs gSa] O;k[;k] vkykspuk ;k fiQj dke dks tkaprs gSaA ns[kks] yack Hkkx blizdkj gksrk gSA f}?kkrh lehdj.kksa ds xq.ku[k.M bl izdkj fudkys tkrs gSaA bl iz;ksx dks bl rjg fd;k tkrkgSA fjiksVZ bl izdkj fy[kh tkrh gSA ns[kks] blfy, leL;k dk lgh mRrj ugha vk;kA rqEgsa bl fp=k ds lkFk,slk djuk pkfg,A vkf[kjh okD; i<+dj vkidks 'kk;n dqN vk'p;Z gks ijarq eSaus vius lhfer vuqHkoksa esadyk&f'k{kdkas dks Hkh vU; f'k{kdksa ftruk gh cksyrs gq, ik;k gSA

ppkZvksa esa izeq[kdHkh&dHkh f'k{kd ppkZ,a Hkh vk;ksftr djrs gSa ftuesa os Nk=kksa ls dgha vf/d cksyrs gSaA dqN le; igys

eSaus ,d fofM;ks&Vsi ns[kk ftlesa ,d fo'ks"kK f'k{kd lekt'kkL=k ij ppkZ l=k lapkfyr dj jgk FkkA mlesagkbZ&Ldwy ds Nk=k eqDr gksdj cksy jgs Fks] ijarq f'k{kd muls dgha vf/d cksy jgk FkkA cPps f'k{kd ds iz'uksads mRrj nsus dk Hkjld iz;kl djrs ijarq f'k{kd muds mRrjksa dh O;k[;k esa vkSj vxyk iz'u iwNus esa Nk=kksals dgha T+;knk cksyrkA

vf/dka'k ppkZ,a oSls gh fujFkZd gksrh gSaA vki fdlh Hkh f'k{kd ds eSU;qvy dks mBk dj ns[ksaA tYn ghvkidks dqN ,slk i<+us dks feysxk% ^fuEu fcanqvksa dks lkeus ykus ds fy, ppkZ vk;ksftr djsa + + +A* ppkZ 'kq:gksus ls igys gh vf/dka'k f'k{kdksa ds lkeus dqN ^fcanq* gksrs gSa ftUgsa oks Nk=kksa ls mxyokuk pkgrs gSaA Nk=kksa dks

;g irk gksrk gSA blfy, f'k{kd D;k pkgrk gS os mu lqjkxksa dks [kkstus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA oks dgrs gSa] ^esjhle> esa ugha vk;kA* ;k ^D;k vki iz'u dks nqckjk nksgjk,axs\* ;k ^vkius tks dgk mldk eryc D;k gS + + + +A*

/hjs&/hjs djds f'k{kd dk iz'u vf/d dsafnzr gksrk tkrk gS vkSj var esa oks mRrj gh crk nsrk gSA tcf'k{kd dks viuk visf{kr mRrj fey tkrk gS fiQj oks mldh dqN vkSj O;k[;k djrk gS ftlls fd lHkh Nk=kksadks ^lgh* mRrj le> eas vk tk,A

,d ckj eSa ikapoh d{kk dks xf.kr i<+k jgk FkkA eSa vius vkils dkiQh [kq'k Fkk D;ksafd ^crkus* ;k ^fn[kkus*dh ctk, eSa iz'u iwNdj ml cPph dks ^lkspus* ds fy, ckè; dj jgk FkkA eSa igys iz'u ds ckn fdlh vU;ljy iz'u ij T+;knk dsafnzr iz'u iwNrkA mlds ckn Hkh tokc ugha feyrkA tc eSaus viuh 'kkar cSBh Nk=kk dhvksj ns[kk rks oks fcYdqy Hkh fopfyr ut+j ugha vkbZA oks cl pqipki cSBh jghA rc eq>s le> eas vk;k fdoks esjs vxys ,dne dsafnzr iz'u dk bart+kj dj jgh Fkh & ftlls mls lgh mRrj gh irk py tkrkA

vDlj ppkZvksa dk ;gh gJ gksrk gSA Nk=kksa dks irk gksrk gS fd f'k{kd dks lHkh mRrj ekywe gSaA oks ;g Hkhtkurs gSa fd vxj oks /hjt j[kdj ladsr vkSj b'kkjs nsrs jgsaxs rks var esa f'k{kd mUgsa lgh mRrj [kqn gh crknsxkA

f'k{kdksa dk T+;knkrj cksyuk d{kk dh O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, & cPpksa dks lh/h ykbu esa cSBkus dsfy, gh gksrk gSA geus ,d xyr ckr lh[kh gS & fd tc lHkh cPps] ,d le; ij ,d gh dke djrs gSarHkh oks lcls vPNk lh[krs gSaA ,slk rks dkj[kkuksa esa gksrk gSA

d{kk esa gekjs ikl chl ;k iPphl Nk=k gksrs gSa ftUgsa ge ,d fuf'pr] pqus gq, jkLrs ij ys tkus dk iz;kldjrs gSaA 'kk;n muesa ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=k ml jkLrs ij ugha pyuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd mu lcds fnekx esavyx&vyx ckrs gksrh gSa ftUgsa os djuk pkgrs gSaA blhfy, gesa yxkrkj cPpksa dks bdV~Bk djds mUgsa ihNs lsgkaduk iM+rk gS fcYdqy oSls tSls dksbZ dqRRkk HksM+ksa ds >qaM ds ihNs nkSM+rk gSA gekjh vkokt+ gh dqRrs dk jksyvnk djrh gSA

vPNk cPpksa] vc dkxt+ vkSj isafly fudkyks vkSj fdrkc dk iUuk uEcj pkSarhl [kksyksA ge vkt iQykadke djssaxs & vjs VkWeh] rqEgkjh isafly dgka xbZ\ D;k\ vPNk rqe\ eSaus rqels igys dbZ ckj dgk gS fd rqed{kk esa dke djus dh iwjh rS;kjh ls vk;k djksA ckdh lHkh cPps rqEgkjk bart+kj dj jgs gSaA vPNk rqe esjsikl vkvks vkSj eq>s nwljh isafly ys yksA*

^efj;k] rqe gsyu ds dku esa iQqliQqlkuk can djksA D;k rqEgkjh iqLrd dk lgh iUuk [kqyk gS\ ns[kks] vxjrqe nksuksa vkil esa ckrsa ugha dj jgs gksrs rks rqe esjh ckr lqu ysrsA*

;gh flyflyk t+kjh jgrk gSA cPpksa dks tks dke djuk gS f'k{kd mldh iwoZ&rS;kjh djus ds fy, cksyrs gSaAfiQj ml dke dks iwjk djokus ds fy, cksyrs gSaA f'k{kd fiNys fnu ds x`gdk;Z ds ckjs esa iwNrs gSa vkSj fiQjvxys fnu dk dke crkrs gSaA f'k{kd blfy, cksyrs gSa ftlls fd gjsd Nk=k dk è;ku d{kk esa lkeus dh vksjdsafnzr jgsA

dqN le; igys eSaus ,d fo'ks"kK f'k{kd dks ns[kkA mlds viuh d{kk ds lkFk vPNs laca/ FksA oks LykbMfiQYe izkstsDVj ds t+fj, cPpksa dks vadxf.kr i<+k jgk FkkA mls ns[kdj eSa vpjt djus yxk fd mlds fdrus'kCn] okdbZ dke ls tqM+s Fks vkSj fdrus 'kCn oks dsoy Nk=kksa dks xksycan vkSj bdV~Bk j[kus ds fy, bLrsekydj jgk FkkA dqN le; ckn ;g Li"V gks x;k fd d{kk esa dke ij de] ijarq fu;a=k.k ij nqxuk&frxquk cyFkkA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha gSA

V~;wfuax vkWmVf'k{kdksa ds cgqr vf/d cksyus dk urht+k gS fd tks cPps NqViu esa] f'k{kdksa dh ckr ij iwjk è;ku nsrs Fks

os vc cgqr de è;ku nsrs gSaA vc cPps fny yxkdj ugha lqurs & dksbZ o;Ld mckmQ ckrsa lqu jgk gksAvxj ;gh dqN yacs le; rd pysxk rks cPps è;ku ls lquuk gh Hkwy tk,axsA oks è;ku ls lquus dk et+k vkSj

rjhdk gh Hkwy tk,axsA ;g cgqr gkfudkjd fl¼ gksxkAf'k{kdkssa dks yxrk gS fd cPps mudh ckrsa lqu ugha jgs gSaA ,d ckj eSaus ,d vuqHkoh f'k{kd dks dqN

dfBu leL;kvksa dk gy le>krs gq, ns[kkA ftlls cPpksa dk è;ku b/j&m/j u HkVds oks f'k{kd leL;k dsgjsd pj.k dks CySdcksMZ ij fy[kus ds ckn fdlh ,d Nk=k ls iwNrk] ^D;k ;g Bhd gS\* ftl cPps lsloky iwNk tkrk oks ^gka* dk tokc nsrkA fiQj mlds ckn f'k{kd vxyk pj.k fy[krkA rjhdk dkiQh mckmQ FkkvkSj esjk fnekx ckj&ckj vkSj pht+ksa ds ckjs esa lksp jgk FkkA rHkh vpkud esjk è;ku d{kk esa ,d yM+ds dhvksj x;kA

ftl yM+ds ls mRrj ds Bhd gksus ds ckjs esa iwNk x;k Fkk mlus dgk] ^ugha lj] mRrj xyr gSA lgh mRrjbl izdkj dk gksxkA* f'k{kd us mldh ckr ekuh] xyrh Bhd dh vkSj mlh rjg fiQj ls vkxs c<+kA Dykl[kRe gksus ds ckn f'k{kd us eq>ls dgk] ^vkius ns[kk fd eSaus cPpksa dks dSls iQans esa iQalk;kA ,slk eSa vDljgh djrk gwaA blls cPPkksa dks ges'kk lrZd vkSj rS;kj jguk iM+rk gSA* ,d ckr f'k{kd us xkSj ugha dhA iQankiQsadrs le; mldh vkokt+ cny xbZ FkhA cPpksa us rqjar ml ladsr dks rkM+ fy;k vkSj xyrh dks idM+ fy;kA

gka f'k{kdksa dks ;g irk gksrk gS fd cPps mudh ckrksa ij è;ku ugha nsrs gaS] vkSj cPpksa dk è;ku cuk, j[kusds fy, muds ikl dqN NksVh ;qfDr;ka gksrh gSaA ijarq cPps bu ;qfDr;ksa dks cgqr tYnh ls le> tkrs gSaA cPpsf'k{kd dh ckrsa lqurs gSa ij mrus è;ku ls ughaA ;g ,d [kjkc ckr gSA

ij lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr gS fd tgka f'k{kd [kwc cksyrs gSa ogha cPpksa dks bldk cgqr de volj feyrkgSA cgqr ls Ldwyksa esa cPps rHkh cksy ldrs gSa tc f'k{kd muls dksbZ ckr iwNrk gSA cgqr ls Ldwyksa esa nksihfj;Mksa ds chp ds le; esa Hkh cksyus dh eukgh gksrh gSA dbZ Ldwyksa esa [kkus dh NqV~Vh ds nkSjku Hkh cPpksads ckr djus ij ikcanh gksrh gSA eSaus dqN ,sls Ldwyksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lquk gS tgka nksigj ds vodk'k esa HkhcPps ,d&nwljs ls ckrphr ugha dj ldrs gSaA

dqN yksx vo'; iwNsaxs] ^rks blesa cqjkbZ D;k gS\* cPps Ldwy esa lh[kus ds fy, vkrs gSa] ckrphr djus dsfy, ughaA* tSls lh[kuk ,dne fuf"Ø; dk;Z gks & uy ls dsryh esa ikuh Hkjus ds lekuA

eqf'dy ;g gS fd cPpksa ds lkFk ,slk crkZo djus ls mudk lh[kuk de gks tkrk gSA lPph lh[k rHkhgksrh gS tc lh[kus okyk nksuksa&jksy bdV~Bs fuHkk, & lh[kus okys dk vkSj f'k{kd dk] drkZ vkSj vkykspd dk]lquus okys vkSj cksyus okys dkA tks Nk=k iqLrd esa fy[kh ckr dks dsoy ;kn djsxk oks mlesa Hkh vliQygksxkA dq'ky lh[kus okyk iqLrd ls ckrphr] rdZ&fordZ djsxkA oks [kqn ls loky iwNsxk vkSj lh[kus ds nkSjkuyxkrkj viuh le> dks tkaprk jgsxkA det+ksj Nk=k dks ;g irk gh ugha gksxk fd mlus D;k le>k vkSj D;kughaA irk yxkus dk ;g dke oks f'k{kd ds mQij NksM+ nsrk gSA

fdlh Hkh gquj & isafVx] laxhr] [ksydwn lh[krs le;] lh[kus okys dks yxkrkj ml dke dks djds mldkewY;kadu djuk gksrk gS vkSj viuh xfYr;ka le>uh gksrh gSaA D;k esjh rky vkSj y; Bhd gS\ D;k eSa xsan dksBhd rjg ls ns[k jgk gwa\ NksVs cPps tks vHkh pyuk] cksyuk vkSj vU; lSdM+ksa pht+sa lh[k jgs gkas] bl dke esacgqr fuiq.k gksrs gSaA T+;knkrj Ldwy vkSj csyxke cksyus okys f'k{kd gh] cPpksa dks fuf"Ø; lh[kus okys cukrsgSaA

1967

tkap dk t+qYe (ijh{k.k dk vR;kpkj)eSa lPpkbZ c;ku dj jgk gwaA vf/dka'k f'k{kd] ijh{k.k dks f'k{kk dk ,d vfHkUu vax ekurs gSaA eSa blls

fcYdqy lger ugha gwaA esjh jk; esa ijh{k.k u rks t+:jh gS] u gh mi;ksxh vkSj mls ekiQ djuk eqf'dy gSAijh{k.k ls iQk;nk de] uqdlku T+;knk gksrk gSA mlls lh[kus dh iwjh izfØ;k foÑr vkSj Hkz"V gks tkrh gSAijh{k.k djus okyksa dk ekuuk gS fd tkap dh rduhdksa esa yxkrkj lq/kj gks jgk gS vkSj oks var esa ,dnenqjQLr gks tk,axhA 'kk;n gka] ijarq tkap vPNh gksus ds ckotwn Hkh mlds f[kykiQ esjh vkifRr;ka vkSj dBksj

gksaxhA gekjh izeq[k fpark ijh{k.k csgrj cukus dh ugha] mls iwjh rjg gVkus dh gksuh pkfg,AdqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ijh{k.k t+:jh gks ldrk gSA vxj dksbZ laxhrK laxhr lHkk esa Hkkx ysuk pkgrk gS rks

mldh fuiq.krk tkuus ds fy, mlls okWy;u ctkdj fn[kkus dks dgk tk ldrk gSA vxj dksbZ ,sls yksxksa dslkFk dke djuk pkgrk gS tks vaxzsth ugha cksyrs rks mls ;g izR;{k fn[kkuk iM+sxk fd oks mu yksxksa dh Hkk"kktkurk gSA vxj oks bekjrksa dk fMt+kbu vkSj fuekZ.k djuk pkgrk gS rkss mls ;g lkfcr djuk iM+sxk fd mldkcuk;k <kapk fxjsxk ughaA vxj oks ltZu cuuk pkgrk gS rks mls dkxt+ ij ugha] vkijs'ku Vsfcy ij] leFkZ yksxksads le{k] dqN yksxksa dk Bhd ls vkijs'ku djds fn[kkuk gksxkA

dqN blh izdkj ds ijh{k.k yksx viuh izxfr ekius ds fy, [kqn dks nsrs gSaA VkbfiLV vH;kl }kjk viuhLihM c<+krk gSA laxhrK vius lqjksa dk vH;kl djrk gS vkSj eqf'dy fgLlksa dks esVªksukse uked ;a=k ds lkeusctkrk gSA Vsful f[kykM+h] ntZuksa ckj lfoZl djds xsan dks lgh dksus esa iQsadus dk vFkd iz;kl djrk gSA ân;fo'ks"kK] esa<dksa ij vkijs'ku djds] viuh maxfy;ksa dks rax LFkkuksa ij dke ds fy, izf'kf{kr djrs gSaA LdsfVaxdjus okys] fØdsV ds f[kykM+h lHkh vius dk;Z esa n{k gksus ds fy, ckj&ckj vH;kl djrs gSaA ikW;ysV Hkhfoeku dks mrkjus dk ckj&ckj vH;kl djrk gSA le>nkj Nk=k egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh dks iQkby&dkMksZa esa yxkrs gSatks fd 'kSf{kd e'khuksa dk ,d yphyk] izHkkoh vkSj lLrk fodYi gSA ;kuh fdlh Hkh bekunkjh ds vH;kl esalh[kus okyk] yxkrkj viuh dq'kyrk vkSj Kku dk ijh{k.k djrk gSA

ijarq Ldwyksa esa ftl izdkj dk ijh{k.k gksrk gS mldk bl rjhds ls dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrkANk=kksa ls vDlj mu xfrfof/;ksa dks fn[kkus ds fy, ugha dgk tkrk gS ftUgsa mUgksauas viuh et+hZ ls pquk gksA

bu fØ;kvksa esa u rks tku&eky dk vkSj u gh fdlh laLFkk ds cjckn gksus [krjk gksrk gSA Ldwyksa esa ijh{k.k,dne vxy dkj.kksa dh ot+g ls gksrs gSa] vkSj bu dkj.kksa ds ckjs esa ge cgqr bekunkj ugha gSaA f'k{kd] cPpksadk ijh{k.k blfy, djrs gSa ftlls oks ;g tku ik,a fd cPpksa us D;k lh[kk gS] ftlls oks cPPkksa dh lh[kus esavkSj vf/d enn dj ldsaA oks de&ls&de [kqn ls vkSj turk ls rks ;gh dgrs gSaA ;g ckr fiP;kuos izfr'krxyr gSA cPpksa ds ijh{k.k nks izeq[k dkj.kksa ls fd, tkrs gSaaA igys] cPpksa dks Mjk&/edkdj ge muls oks djkikrs gSa tks ge pkgrs gSaA nwljs] geas cPpksa dks iqjQLdkj vkSj ltk ckaVus dk ,d vk/kj feyrk gS ftldh uhaoij ;g iwjk fujadq'k f'k{kk ra=k [kM+k gSA ijh{kkvksa ds Hk; ls cPPks viuk x`gdk;Z djrs gSa vkSj ijh{kkvksa esavPNk djus dh ot+g ls gh ge dqN Nk=kksa dks bZuke vkSj iqjQLdkj ns ikrs gSaA lekt dh rjg] Ldwy dhvFkZO;oLFkk Hkh] ykyp vkSj Hk; ij gh pyrh gSA

;g iz.kkyh t+:jh gks ldrh gS vkSj 'kk;n blls cpuk Hkh eqf'dy gks ldrk gSA cPps D;k lh[ksa\ gesabldk fu.kZ; ugha ysuk pkfg,A esjh rks ;gh jk; gSA geus tks Hkh i<+kus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gS mls fØ;kafor djusds fy, cPpksa dks mudh liQyrk vkSj vliQyrk ds vuqikr esa bZuke vkSj lt+k nsus dh ckr Hkh eq>s vViVhyxrh gSA ijarq lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd lHkh Ldwyksa esa ijh{k.k blhfy, gksrs gSaA vxj ge lksprs gSa fd ijh{kk,afdlh vU; dkj.k ls yh tkrh gSa rks ;g gekjh csbZekuh dk |ksrd gSA

cgqr ls Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dk ;g fo'okl gS fd pkgsa ijh{kk,a cPpksa dks Mjkrh gksa fiQj Hkh os cPpksa dsdk;Z dh xq.koRRkk dk ,d lgh ekin.M gksrh gSaA eq>s yxrk gS ftruk T+;knk ijh{kk,a cPpksa dks Hk;Hkhr djsaxh]oks mudh lh[k dks mruk gh de eki ik,axh vkSj lh[kus dks de izksRlkfgr dj ik,axhA blds dbZ dkj.k gSaAtks lcls Li"V vkSj egRoiw.kZ gS oks gaS & tc fdlh Nk=k dks irk pyrk gS fd mls ijh{kk ds urhtksa ij vkadktk,xk] rks mldk è;ku ijh{kk lkexzh ls gVdj] ijh{kd dh vksj f[kap tkrk gSA vc Nk=k ds fy, ijh{kk&i=kugha] ijh{kd egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ijh{kk rc ,d [kkst ugha] gkft+j&tokch dk [ksy cu tkrh gSA ijh{kdvc ,d lgk;d ugha] cfYd 'k=kq cu tkrk gSA

dqN o"kZ igys fdrkcksa dh ,d nqdku esa eq>s esfMdy Nk=kksa ls lEcfU/r ,d lekt'kkL=kh 'kks/ i<+us dks

feykA eSa mls ;g tkuus ds fy, i<+us yxk fd esfMdy Nk=k Hkh D;k mlh Hk; ls Mjrs gSa ftlls esjh ikapohd{kk ds cPps Mjrs gSaA mudk Hkh ogh gky gS bldk eq>s tYn gh irk py x;kA bl 'kks/ ds ys[kdksa uscgqr ls] vyx&vyx Lrj ds] esfMdy Nk+=kksa dk baVjO;w fy;k FkkA bu Nk=kksa us ckj&ckj ;g crk;k fd osesfMdy dkyst esa vkus ds ckn] iwjk fny yxkdj MkDVjh i<+uk pkgrs FksA ijarq dkyst esa mudh yxkrkjijh{kk,a gksrh jgha vkSj mUgsa ,slk yxus yxk fd mudk Hkfo"; iwjh rjg ijh{kkvksa ds urht+ksa ij fufHkZr gksxkAtYnh gh os MkDVjh dh cqfu;knh i<+kbZ dks NksM+dj] bErgku dh rS;kfj;ksa esa yx x,A dqN le; ckn oks viusizksiQsljksa dks vkadus yxs vkSj mu ij ysfcy fpidkus yxsA ysfcy f'k{kdksa dh dq'kyrk vkSj Kku ij ugha]cfYd muds ^U;k;laxr* gksus ij vk/kfjr FksA ^U;k;laxr* izksiQslj oks Fks ftudh ijh{kkvksa dk iwoZ&vuqekuyxkdj] fo"k; dh rS;kjh dh tk ldsA

eq>s ijh{kk,a] iQalkus dk ,d tky vkSj ijh{kd ,d 'k=kq tSlk yxrk gSA esjk ,d Nk=k gS tks iqjkus v[kckjksavkSj if=kdkvksa esa ls [kqn&djks&vkSj&tkapksa okyh igsfy;ksa dks dkVdj eq>s mudks gy djus dh pqukSrh nsrk gSA^t+jk ns[ksa] vki fdrus gksf'k;kj gSa!* ;k ^ns[ksa] vki bUgsa fdruh rst+h ls dj ikrs gSa!* eq>s vpkud yxrk gStSls fdlh us eq> ij yM+kbZ NsM+ nh gksA tSls dksbZ eq>s ikxy cuk jgk gksA vxj oks Nk=k eq> ls mu igsfy;ksads dqN loky iwNrk & oSls eSa mls bldk ekSdk gh ugha nsrk gwa rks eSa] vius dks ;g lksprk gqvk ikrk] ^blesavM+pu dgka gS\ ;g cank vf[kj pkgrk D;k gS\* rc eSa 'krjat ds [ksy dh rjg ,d O;fDrxr }an esa iQaltkrkA

vxj ijh{kk ,d ,slk [ksy gks ftlesa izfr}anh vkidks ekr nsus dh Hkjld dksf'k'k dj jgk gks rks] mldksgjkuk gh Bhd gksxkA ;gh ckr] udy dh tM+ esa gSA vkt ^vPNs* Ldwyksa esa udy cgqr izpfyr gS vkSj cgqrlkjs liQy Nk=k Hkh blesa ekfgj gksrs gSaA f'k{kd ds lkeus] ugha vkus ij Hkh] viuk Kku fn[kk ikuk vkSj udyds chp] dksbZ [kkl varj ugha gSA tks Nk=k ?kksj ncko esa dke dj jgs gksa os bl varj dks ut+jankt djrs gSaAcgqr ls f'k{kd Hkh ,slk gh djrs gSaA vxj f'k{kdksa dks] muds Nk=kksa }kjk yk, ekud VsLV ds vadksa ds vk/kjij vkadk tk, rks os] Nk=kksa ds lkFk feydj bl 'k=kq dk] th&tku ls eqdkcyk djsaA vf/dka'k Ldwy vkSjf'k{kd dk O;ogkj bl ckjs esa fcYdqy vuSfrd gksrk gSA eSaus ikapoh ds ,sls cPpksa dks i<+k;k gS ftUgsa fiNyhd{kkvksa esa vadxf.kr esa] vPNs vad feys Fks ijarq ;g cPps tksM+&?kVkuk Hkh Bhd ls ugha tkurs FksA fiQjijh{kkvksa esa mUgsa vPNs vad dSls feys\ D;k f'k{kdksa us Nk=kksa dks cgqr jV~Vk yxok;k\ dbZ ckj eq>ls HkhjVokus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA ^cPpksa dh le> esa vk, ;k ugha] mi;ksxh gS ;k ugha] bldks NksM+ksA cl ;g ns[kksfd ijh{kk esa cPpksa ds vPNs uEcj vk,aA* D;k ;g ,d rjg dh udy ugha gS\

D;k ijh{kk dk tky gksuk t+:jh gS\ fdls bZuke feys] vkSj fdls lt+k] bls dkSu fu/kZfjr djsxk\ pfpZy usgSjks ds vius vuqHkoksa dks cgqr lkiQ 'kCnksa esa dgk FkkA pfpZy dks D;k vkrk Fkk] bls tkuus esa mlds f'k{kdksadh dksbZ jQfp ugha FkhA mls D;k ugha ekywe Fkk] oks fliQZ ;g irk djuk pkgrs FksA ;g ckr lkekU;r% lp gSA,slk ugha fd lHkh f'k{kd 'k=kq gksrs gSa ijarq ;g blh ra=k dh gh ekax gS] tgka ges'kk] HksM+&cdfj;ksa dks NkaVdjvyx fd;k tkrk gSA vc t+jk ijh{kd dh dfBukb;ksa dks ysaA ftl Nk=k us fo"k; dks FkksM+k Hkh i<+k gks oksmlds ckjs esa ?kaVksa rd fy[k ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vkBoha ds ckn eSaus vejhdh bfrgkl dks Nqvk rdugha gS vkSj eSa mls yxHkx Hkwy pqdk gwaA bl fo"k; ds ckjs esa eq>s tks dqN Hkh ekywe gS mls eSaus b/j&m/jdh fdrkcksa esa i<+k gS ftUgsa] bfrgkl dh iqLrdsa dguk xyr gksxkA vxj eq>ls vejhdh bfrgkl ds ckjs esafy[kus ds fy, dgk tk, rks eSa cgqr ls iUus Hkj Mkywaxk] 'kk;n ,d iqLrd ;k dbZ iqLrdsa fy[k MkywaA vkigh crk,a] Hkyk dksbZ esjs Kku dks] ;k fdlh bfrgkl ds Nk=k ds Kku dks] rhu ?kaVs esa dSls vkad ldrk gS\ ;g,d vlaHko dk;Z gSA vxj f'k{kd ,d ,slh ijh{kk nsrk gS ftlesa Nk=k vius Kku dks n'kkZ ldsa] rks tYn ghle; [kRe gks tk,xk vkSj rHkh Hkh Nk=kksa dk cgqr dqN ys[ku 'ks"k jgsxkA f'k{kd dks ewY;kadu ds nkSjku] >dekjdj lHkh Nk=kksa dks leku vad nssus gksaxsA ij ;g ckr vf/dkfj;ksa dks ugha ipsxhA gjsd Ldwy esa] cPpksa dschp varj iSnk djuk gh] f'k{kd dk dke gSA D;ksafd gjsd Nk=k rks gkjoMZ fo'ofo|ky; tk ugha ldrk]

blfy, f'k{kd dk dke ,sls iz'u iwNuk gksrk gS] ftudk de&ls&de dqN Nk=k rks mRrj u ns ik,aA fcYdqypfpZy ds f'k{kdksa dh rjg gh mldk dke Hkh cPpksa dh vKkurk dks ckgj ykuk gSA vc fdls iqjQLdkj feysvkSj fdls lt+k bldk oks ^fu"i{k* :i ls ;g fu.kZ; ys ldsxkA

ijh{kkvksa ds f[kykiQ eq>s vU; vkifRr;ka Hkh gSaA ijh{kkvksa ls mu Nk=kksa dks gh lt+k feyrh gS tks FkksM+k /hjsdke djrs gSaA ijh{kk,a mudk gh lkFk nsrh gSa tks vuqeku yxkus esa prqj gksrs gSa] tks fglkc esa rst+ gksrs gSaA ijarqtks Nk=k vius dke dks lko/kuh ls iw.kZ :i esa djrs gSa ijh{kk,a muds i{k esa ugha gksrhaA lcls T+;knk uqdlkumu Nk=kksa dk gksrk gS tks ijh{kkvksa ds ckjs esa fiQØ djrss gSaA Hk; ds dkj.k ,sls Nk=k] ijh{kkvksa esa vius Kkudks iznf'kZr ugha ikrs gSaA vkSj ftlesa os iQsy gksrs gSa] ,slk gjsd VsLV muds fny esa vxys VsLV ds fy, ,dcM+k [kkSiQ iSnk djrk gSA ,sls vufxur Nk=kksa ds fy,] ijh{kk,a fcYdqy csdkj gksrh gSaA ,sls Nk=k ijh{kkvksa esaikl gksus dh dksbZ dksf'k'k Hkh ugha djrsA vDlj os tkucw> dj iQsy gksrs gSa] 'kk;n vius ikydksa dks nq[kigqapkus ds fy,] ;k fiQj bl tgUuqeh ra=k ls yM+us ds fy,A

tc gesa yxrk gS fd os lgh dke dj jgh gSa rHkh ijh{kk,a lcls vf/d uqdlku igqapkrh gSaA eSa vDljvius Nk=kksa ls] ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;kadu ds ckjs esa yach ppkZ,a djrk gwaA muesa ls dbZ cqf¼eku vkSj liQy Nk=k]izfrf"Br dkystksa esa tkus dh rS;kjh eas gSaA vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd muesa ls cgqr ls Nk=k bl ra=k] ftldsf[kykiQ oks dHkh yM+rs Fks] f'kdk;r djrs Fks] dks cpkus dh ckr djrs gSaA oks xqLls esa mRrsftr gksdj dgrs gSa]^vxj ijh{kk,a ugha gksaxh vkSj gesa ugha vkadk tk,xk rks gesa dSls irk pysxk fd ge dqqqqqN lh[k jgs gSa ;k ughaAge Bhd dj jgs gSa] ;k ugha\* ;g lqu dj eq>s cgqr nq[k gksrk gSA eq>s mu nks&rhu o"kZ ds ckydksa dh ;knvkrh gS tks yxkrkj viuh cksyh dh rqyuk] vklikl ds yksxksa dh ckrphr ls djrs jgrs gSaA eq>s os ikap&Ngo"kZ ds cPPks ;kn vkrs gSa ftUgksauas [kqn i<+uk lh[kk Fkk] iUus ds gjsd u, 'kCn dks [kqn le>k FkkA oks tks Hkhlh[krs mldh yxkrkj fiNyh ckrksa ls rqyuk djrsA eq>s os ikapoh ds cPps lkiQ ;kn gSa ftUgksaus vadxf.kr dsipsZ Fkekdj eq>ls fpafrr Hkko esa iwNk Fkk] ^D;k ;g Bhd gS\*A tc eSa muls dgk] ^rqe D;k lksprs gks\* rks osesjs rjiQ ,sls ?kwjus yxs tSls eSa dksbZ ikxy gwaA muds lkspus ij D;k bldk dqN iQdZ iM+k\ vDlj lgh ckrksadk] okLrfodrk vkSj le>nkjh ls] dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrkA f'k{kd ds eqag ls fudyh ckr gh lgh gksrh gSA^lgh* Kkr djus dk Hkh ,d gh rjhdk gksrk gS & mls f'k{kd ls iwNksA Ldwyksa esa ge cPpksa dks muds ds dkedks [kqn ewY;kadu djus dk ekSdk gh ugha nsrsA blls cPpksa dh fu.kZ;] vkSj mlesa ;dhu djus dh] 'kfDr ghu"V gks tkrh gSA bl rjg Ldwy cPpksa dk cgqr cM+k uqdlku djrs gSaA

vHkh rd tks Hkh eSaus dgk oks ,d vfuok;Z iz.kkyh dh ijh{kkvksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA ijarq eqDr iz.kkfy;ksa esa]tgka Nk=kksa ds lkFk dksbZ t+cjnLrh ugha gksrh] ogk¡ Hkh ijh{kkvksa ij eq>s l[r vkiRrh gSA ;g vkifRr;ka lkspdh izÑfr] Kku] lh[kus vkSj f'k{kk dh /kj.kkvksa ij vk/kfjr gSaA vkxs dh dgkuh 'kk;n bl elys ij dqNizdk'k MkysA

lkyksa igys eSa ,d vkanksyu esa lfØ; Fkk ftldk mn~ns'; ,d fo'o&ljdkj dk fuekZ.k djuk FkkA ,d fnueq>s ,d iqjkuk fe=k feyk ftls eSa cgqr le; ls ugha feyk FkkA mlus iwNk fd eSa vktdy D;k dj jgk gwaAtc eSaus mls vius dke ds ckjs esa crk;k rks oks eq>ls >xM+k djus yxkA mls yxk fd eSa viuk le; cjckndj jgk Fkk vkSj ,d [kjkc] uqdlku igqapkus okyk dke jgk FkkA mldk er Fkk fd fo'o&ljdkj dh ckrdjuk] la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh xfjek dks de djuk vkSj u"V djuk FkkA ml le; rd eSa ;g lh[k pqdk Fkk fdiqjkus fe=kksa ds lkFk csdkj ds okn&fookn esa ugha iM+uk pkfg, vkSj eq>s muds ckjs esa vkSj tkuuk pkfg,A eSausmls cksyus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA /hjs&/hjs] Hkkstu ds nkSjku] mldk fo'o n`f"Vdks.k eq>s Li"V gksus yxkA[kkuk [kRe gksus rd oks phu dks xkyh ns jgk Fkk vkSj vejhdk dk lcls cM+k 'k=kq crk jgk FkkA mldk er Fkkfd vejhdk dks] vk.kfod 'kL=kksa ds jgrs] phu ij dCt+k djuk pkfg,A la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ,d csdkj dk vkSj[krjukd jksM+k Fkk] ftlls vejhdk dks] tYn&ls&tYn fudy tkuk pkfg, FkkA

nks ?kaVs ls de le; esa gh] esjs fe=k us igys rks ;g fpark O;Dr dh fd eSa] la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dks det+ksj

djus esa yxk gwa vkSj fiQj la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dks gh csdkj vkSj [krjukd djkj ns fn;kA mlds }kjk cM+hbekunkjh vkSj mRlkg ls O;Dr fd, ijLij fojks/h fopkj lqudj] eq>s ,d >Vdk t+:j yxkA vktdy ,slh?kVuk,a ,d vke ckr gSa ;g dqN nsj ckn gh esjh le> esa vk;kA cqf¼eku vkSj tkudkj yksx vDlj ijLijfojks/h fopkj j[krs gSaA erx.kuk djkus okys yksx ;g ckr tkurs gaS fd] iz'u dks FkksM+k lk cny nsus ls] ;kmlds lanHkZ esa varj djus ls] dkiQh fHkUu&fHkUu mRrj feyrs gSaA fo;ruke ;q¼ ij gqbZ vusdksa erx.kukvksa lsyksxksa esa] dbZ ijLij fojks/h er vkSj fopkj gksus dk irk pyk gSA dqN lky igys rd ,slk lkiQ yxrk Fkkfd vejhdk esa vf/dka'k xksjs yksx] uhxzks yksxksa dhs lekurk dh ekax dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ijarq ckn dh ?kVukvksals ;g Li"V gqvk fd] yksxksa dh fta+nxh ij vlj iM+us ls os] mldk l[rh ls fojks/ djsaxsA bldk ;g erycugha fd igys os >wB cksy jgs FksA mUgsa blds vlj dk rc irk gh ugha FkkA

cgqr de yksxksa dks gh ;g irk gksrk gSA vkSj ;gh oks izeq[k vkSj cqfu;knh dkj.k gS ftldh ot+g ls eSaijh{k.kksa dks 'kd dh fuxkg ls ns[krk gwaA ge fdlh nwljs ds efLr"d ds vanj ds lksp&fopkj] dSls eki ldrsgSa tcfd] gesa [kqn vius fopkjksa dk dsoy FkksM+k lk va'k gh irk gS\ euq"; dk euksfoKku & fopkjksa vkSjvuqHkwfr;ksa dk euksfoKku] vHkh ,d vkjfEHkd foKku gSA mlds vH;kldrkZvksa esa] ,d&nwljs ls] dbZ ckrksa ijHkkjh enHksn gSaA ijarq ,d ckr ij lHkh lger gSa & fd cgqr lh vge ckrksa ds ckjs esa gesa] vHkh Hkh cgqrdqN tkuuk gSA vius fnekx ds] NksVs ls va'k dks Hkh tku ikuk] ,d cgqr /hek] lw{e] eqf'dy vkSj nq[knk;hdke gksrk gSA fiQj ge nwljksa ds fnekx dh ckrksa dks] fuf'prrk ls dSls tku ldrs gSa\

dksbZ vius firk ds ckjs esa D;k eglwl djrk gS 'kk;n bls irk dj ikuk] vxj vlaHko ugha rks] eqf'dyt+:j gks ldrk gSA ijarq oks O;fDr T;kfefr] 'ksDlfi;j ;k fo|qr baftfu;fjax ds ckjs esa D;k tkurk gS blsvklkuh ls irk fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ckr esa dqN lPpkbZ gSA cgqr ls vkneh bade&VSDl ds fo"k; esa viuslksp dks] vius ifjokjtuksa dh rqyuk esa csgrj tkurs gksaxsA vkSj 'kk;n bade&VSDl laca/h muds fopkj] mudslPps lksp ds vf/d djhc gksaxsA ijarq ;g 'kk;n vYidky ds fy, gh lgh gksA gekjs fnekx esa 'kCnksa dhyfM+;ka gksrh gSa & fu;e] lwfDr;k¡] fl¼kar vkfn ftuls] ge dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh lq[kh jgrs gSa] ijarqftudk gekjh okLrfod fta+nxh ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrk gSA laf{kIr esa] ftu ckrksa dks ge jkst+ejkZ dh fta+nxhesa cM+h bZekunkjh ls dgrs gSa oks 'kk;n gekjs vlyh fopkjksa ls cgqr nwj gksaA

gks ldrk gS fd dHkh gekjk lekt Lo;a ds Kku dks T+;knk vgfe;r ns vkSj lHkh yksx nk'kZfud cu tk,aArc 'kk;n ge [kqn ds fopkjksa dks] csgrj le> ik,aA ijarq fiQj Hkh gekjs fy, vU; yksxksa ds] fo'ks"kdj cPpksads] fopkjksa dks tkuuk ,d cgqr eqf'dy dke gksxkA ykbZpsLVj ds Ldwyh lykgdkj] Vksuh dSysV ds ,dvizdkf'kr ipsZ dk ;g va'k] 'kk;n bl eqn~ns ij dqN izdk'k Mkys%

fi;kts dks ykxw djus ij dqN fopkj;gka ,d fiQYe dh izfrfyfi dk NksVk lk va'k fn;k x;k gSA fiQYe crkrh gS fd f'k{kd] d{kk esa cPpksa

dh xf.kr dh izxfr dks tkuus ds fy, fi;kts ds iz;ksxkRed rjhdksa dk dSls mi;ksx dj ldrs gaSA ;g fiQYe^cPps vkSj xf.kr* uked ,d Ja[kyk dk Hkkx gS ftls fd] uiQhYM iQkmaMs'ku us] ch- ch- lh- ds fy, cuk;kgSA ftl n`'; dh izfrfyfi ;gka nh xbZ gS mlesa ,d o;L; (cPps dk fu;fer f'k{kd ugha) vkSj ,dNg&lkr lky dk yM+dk gSA muds lkeus est+ ij rhu V~;wfyi vkSj Ng&lkr Mst+h ds iQwy iM+s gSaA

o;Ld% iQwy T+;knk gSa ;k Mst+h\ckyd% Mst+h vf/d gSa\o% Mst+h vf/d gSaA vPNkA eq>s vpjt gks jgk gS fd dgha] iQwy tks T+;knk ugha gSa D;ksafd Mst+h Hkh rks

iQwy gh gSaA D;ksa] ;g Bhd gS u\c% gkaAo% vkSj V~;wfyi Hkh rks iQwyksa dk gh ,d Hkkx gSa\c% + + + (cPpk dksbZ mRrj ugha nsrk gS)

o% D;k ;g Bhd gS\c% gkaAo% rks fiQj ;s lHkh&ds&lHkh iQwy gh gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd ;s lHkh iQwy gSa ijarq (bafxr djrk gS) dsoy

;gh Mst+h gSaA blfy, eq>s yxrk gS fd Mst+h dh rqyuk esa] iQwy T+;knk gSaAc% ++ + + + + +o% vPNk] D;k ;g lc Bhd&Bkd yxrk gS\c% ++ + + + + + (dkiQh nsj jQdus ds ckn) ughaAo% (nch gqbZ galh ds lkFk) D;k iQwy T+;knk gSa ;k Mst+h\c% Mst+h T+;knk gSaAo% Mst+h T+;knk gSaAVhdkdkj% Hkyk dkSu bldh dYiuk djsxk fd fdlh cPps dh nqfu;k dk ut+fj;k ,slk gks ldrk gSAHkyk dkSu\esjh jk; eas ftl iz;ksxkRed fLFkfr dk ;gka ftØ gS oks cPps }kjk lksps x, de&T+;knk] Hkkx&lEiw.kZ ds

fj'rksa ij mruk izdk'k ugha MkyrhA ;gka ij cPpk viuh bPNk ds f[kykiQ fdlh o;Ld ds lkFk laokn djusdks et+cwj gSA ml fo"k; ds fu;e nksuksa dks irk gSaA cPps dks fliQZ ;g irk djuk gS fd o;Ld mlls D;kmRrj pkgrk gS vkSj o;Ld dk dke gS fd oks bl dk;Z dks] cPps ds fy, ljy cuk,A

;gka tks lcwr is'k fd, x, gSa muls cPps dh Hkkx&lEiw.kZ ds fj'rs dh le> ds ckjs esa] dqN Hkh dg ikukdfBu gSA bl ckjs esa mldh le> det+ksj gks ldrh gSA ijarq eSa vkRefo'okl ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fdvxj de&T+;knk] Hkkx&lEiw.kZ ds fj'rksa dks] fdlh vFkZiw.kZ fLFkfr esa] Bksl pht+ksa ds lgkjs fd;k x;k gksrk rkscPpk bu] vewrZ fujFkZd 'kCnksa dh rqyuk esa] mlesa dgha vf/d le> fn[kkrkA ftl fLFkfr dks geus vHkhns[kk mlesa rks cPpk vius lkeus j[kh pht+ksa ds ckjs esa] lkspus ds fy, Hkh Lora=k ugha FkkA

esjh fVIif.k;ksa dh rqyuk esa] feLVj dkysV dh fVIif.k;ka 'kk;n vf/d larqfyr gksaxhA eq>s cPps vkSj o;Ldds chp dk ;g baVjO;w] ,dne vU;k;iw.kZ vkSj [kkSiQukd yxkA euksfoKku ds bl u, 'kks/ dk [kwcizpkj&izlkj fd;k x;kA ;g 'keZ dh ckr gS fd] fdlh us bldk dksbZ fojks/ ugha fd;k ijarq bls LohdkjkA

feLVj dSysV vkxs dgrs gSa%eSaus fiNys dbZ lkyksa esa o;Ldksa vkSj ckydksa ls ;g iwNk gS fd muds ifjokj esa fdrus vU; cPps ;k yksx

gSaA blls dbZ jkspd ckrsa fudyh gSaA uhps ,d laokn fn;k gS%eSa% rqEgkjs ifjokj esa fdrus cPps gSa\ckyd% rhuAeSa% muesa cM+s fdrus gSa\ckyd% nks%eSa% D;k cPps yksx gksrs gSa\ckyd% gka (ukS&nl ds cPps vDlj] bl iz'u ij vkdj jQdrs gSa] vkSj lksprs gSaA)eSa% vc crkvks] rqEgkjs ifjokj esa cPps T+;knk gSa fd] yksx T+;knk gSa\ckyd% cPps T+;knk gSaA

dqN oSdfYid mRrj bl izdkj ds gSa% (1) D;k\ vki ;g ugha iwN ldrs% (2) gka] T+;knk cPps gh gksuspkfg,_ (3) gwa\ vkidk eryc D;k gS\ eSa bruk vo'; dg ldrk gwa fd ftu chl cPpksa ls eSaus ;g iz'uiwNs] muesa ls ckjg o"kZ ls de ds dsoy ,d&nks cPpksa us gh budk lgh mRrj ns ik,A dbZ cqf¼eku o;Ldksaus Hkh eq>s blh izdkj ds tokc fn,A vxj esjk iz'u gksrk] ^D;k T+;knk cPps gSa ;k T+;knk o;Ld\* rc 'kk;neq>s Bhd mRrj feyrsA

tc eSaus igyh ckj fi;kts ds] Hkkx&lEiw.kZ laca/h iz;ksxksa dks i<+k rks eq>s yxk fd] pkgsa cPpksa ls dqN Hkhdgk tk, os ges'kk] lewg (eksrh] iQwy ;k vkSj dqN Hkh) ds ,d Hkkx dh rqyuk] nwljs cps fgLls ls djrs gSaA,slh rqyuk djus dh mudh vknr Fkh] vkSj blh rjhds esa mUgsa dqN eryc fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA cPpksa ds lkFkdqN iz;ksxksa us bl ckr dh iqf"V Hkh dhA nksuksa lewgksa esa] tks Hkh cM+k gksrk] cPps mls gh T+;knk crkrsA D;ksafddqN o;Ldksa us Hkh feLVj dSysV dks ^xyr* mRrj fn;k blls yxrk gS mUgksausa Hkh] cPpksa tSls gh iz'u dksle>k gksxkA eq>s yxrk gS fd vxj 'kq: esa cPpk] Mst+h&iQwy ;k cPpksa&o;Ldkas okys iz'u] vis{kk ds vuqlkjle> Hkh x;k gksrk rks Hkh mls oks iz'u] ,dne mQV&iVkax yxrsA vxj dksbZ vpkud gh eq>ls ;g iwN cSBrkfd esjs ifjokj esa enZ T+;knk gSa ;k yksx rks lEHkor% eSa fuEu mRrj nsrk (1) Ñik vius iz'u dks nksgjk,aA (2)dgha vki et+kd rks ugha dj jgs gSa\ (3) vkidk eryc D;k gS\ eSa dHkh mEehn Hkh ugha dj ldrk fddksbZ iz'udrkZ eq>ls] bl csodwiQh ds loky dk] dksbZ xEHkhj mRrj pkgsxkA

vc eSa vkidks ,d oSdfYid iz;ksx lq>krk gwaA eku ysa gekjs ikl nks iQksVksxzkÝl gSa & ,d esa ifjokj dsdsoy cPps gSa vkSj nwljs esa] ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; gSa & cPps vkSj o;Ld nksuksaA vc ge cPpksa ls iwNsa fdfdl iQksVks esa T+;knk yksx gSaA D;k pkj o"kZ ls cM+k] dksbZ Hkh cPpk] bldk xyr tokc nsxk\ fiQj Hkkx&lEiw.kZds elys ij bruh my>u D;ksa\ esjh jk; eas ;g my>u] ewyr% 'kkfCnd gSA cPps dqN 'kCn&yfM+;ksa dks] oSlkugha le>rs tSlk ge pkgrs gSa fd oks le>saA

blfy, ge] vius fopkjksa dks tkurs gq, Hkh] ijh{k.k ds nkSjku xfYr;ka vo'; djrsA bu xfYr;ksa ds nksdkj.k gSaA igyh rks Hkk"kk dh lhek ls iSnk gksrhA iz'udrkZ tks iwNuk pkgrk Fkk mls oks lgh 'kCnksa esa j[k ikusesa] [kqn dks vleFkZ ikrkA vkSj mRrj nsus okyk Hkh] vius tokc dks] lgh 'kCnksa esa O;Dr dj ikus esa vleFkZeglwl djrk gSA nwljs] iz'u iwNus ds nkSjku ges'kk gh dksbZ ewY;kadu gksrk gS] ftldk vlj nkssuksa ikfVZ;ksa dsfopkjksa vkSj 'kCnksa ij gksrk gSA tokc nsus okys dks ;g le> esa ugha vkrk fd] iz'udrkZ dkSu lk tokc pkgrkgS] vkSj oks mls ns ;k u nsA blls Hkkxk ugha tk ldrk gSA vxj eq>ls dksbZ iz'u iwNrk gS rks] igyk loky tksesjs t+gu eas vkrk gS fd] ^oks eq>ls ;g iz'u D;ksa iwN jgk gS\* oks vkf[kj eq>ls D;k pkgrk gS & bl ij gh]esjk tokc fuHkZj djsxkA tkst+siQ dkSujkWM ds miU;k; foDVksjh esa gsf;LV vkSj ysuk ds chp ds nq[kn okrkZykils ,d ckr lkiQ gks tkrh gSA my>u vkSj 'kd Hkjs 'kCnksa ds mi;ksx ds ckotwn] nks izsfe;ksa ds chp laokn cangks tkrk gSA ,sls nq[knk;h vuqHko lss] cgqr ls yksx ifjfpr gksaxsA

eq>s nwljh ds ml Nk=k dh ;kn vk jgh gS tks cqf¼eku] ijs'kku] fonzksgh Fkk vkSj u tkus D;ksa viusekrk&firk ls csgn ukjkt+ FkkA eSa mls] mldh et+hZ ds f[kykiQ] i<+uk fl[kkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk Fkk ftlesa eSaiw.kZr% vliQy FkkA ,d fnu gekjs Ldwy dh euksoSKkfud & ,d le>nkj vkSj laosnu'khy efgyk us mls cqf¼ijh{k.k dk] LVSuiQksMZ&fcusV VsLV fn;kA dqN nsj ckn esjh muls] ml Nk=k ds ckjs esa ppkZ gqbZA efgyk us dgk]^D;k vkidks bl Nk=k ds fcusV VsLV ds ckjs esa ,d jkspd ckr irk gS\ mlus fupys Lrj ds iz'uksa dh rqyukesa] mPp Lrj ds dgha vf/d iz'uksa dk mRrj fn;k gSA* dkiQh nsj ppkZ ds ckn geas yxk fd oks Nk=k 'kk;nlkns iz'uksa dk ljy mRrj nsus ls Mj jgk FkkA mls Hk; Fkk fd dgha ijh{kd] mlds lkFk dksbZ [ksy rks ugha[ksy jgk FkkA dbZ ljy iz'uksa ij euu djrs gq,] eSaus Hkh ,slk gh eglwl fd;k Fkk & ^loky bruk vklku rksugha gks ldrk] ugha rks Hkyk oks eq>ls iwNrs gh D;ksaA*

eSa ,d ckj nqckjk] feLVj dSysV dh vksj okfil pyrk gw¡%+ + + Úks,fcy bafLV~V;wV dh tksu VSEcwjuh us eq>s fiNys o"kZ vius ,d Nk=k ds ckjs esa crk;k tks fi;kts ds

lewghdj.k ds iz;ksxksa dks nqckjk djus dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA iz;ksx esa cPps dks dkjksa] yksxksas] crZuksa] xguksa vkfnds NksVs&NksVs ekWMy fn, tkrs gSaA fiQj cPps dks] leku pht+ksa dks vyx&vyx lewgksa esa j[kuk gksrk gSA vDljNksVs cPps bu lewgksa dks] fdlh lrgh iz.kkyh ds vk/kj ij cukrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, oks ,d dkj dks IysVesa blfy, j[krs gSa D;ksafd] oks dqN fnu igys] fidfud eukus x, FksA xfrfof/ ds var esa] VSEcwjuh ds Nk=k uscPpksa ls lHkh ekWMyksa dks okfil fMCcs esa j[kus ds fy, dgkA bl ckj cPpksa us cM+h vklkuh vkSj lgtrk ls

lHkh VqdM+ksa dks] muds lgh lewgksa esa j[kk & lkjh dkjsa ,d&lkFk] crZu ,d&lkFk vkfnA blls cPpksa dslewghdj.k dh {kerk ds ckjs esa ge D;k vankt+ yxk,a\ bldk ifj.kke ,dne Li"V gSA tc cPpksa dks dqNpht+sa ds fy, nh tk,axh rks cPps muls [ksysaxs] vkSj ml [ksy ds vius [kkl fu;e gksaxsA vkSj tc bu cPpksa lsliQkbZ djus dks dgk tk,xk rks os cM+ksa ds ^rdZ* ds vuqlkj mudk lewghdj.k djsaxsA D;k cPpksa esa leku vkSjvleku oLrqvksa dks vyx&vyx djus dh {kerk gksrh gS] ;k ugha\ ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mUgsaD;k dke fn;k x;k gSA

gka] fcYdqy lghA vkSj ;gh izR;sd ijh{kd dh vafre vkSj vfuok;Z leL;k gksrh gSA oks ,d fuf'pr mRrjpkgrk gSA oks mlds ckjs esa dSls iwNs\ vxj oks vius loky dks cgqr Li"Vrk ls iwNrk gS rks] iz'u dslkFk&lkFk mls] mRrj nsus dk Mj Hkh jgrk gSA esjs ikapoha ds cPps] lc cPpksa dh rjg gh] f'k{kd ls ,slscsckd iz'u iwNus esa ekfgj Fks ftuesa] mRrj Hkh] iwaN dh rjg yVdk gksA vxj f'k{kd iz'u dks Li"V rjhds lsugha iwNrk gS rks yksxksa }kjk] iz'u dks xyr le>us dk Mj jgrk gSA lcls [kjkc ckr gS fd f'k{kd dks vDljbl xyrh dk irk gh ugha gksrk gSA vkSj oks] reke f'k{kkfonksa vkSj euksoSKkfudksa tSls gh] bu xyr mRrjksa dsvk/kj ij fdlh lfUnX/ ifj.kke ij igqap ldrk gSA

eSa nqckjk mlh ckr dks nksgjkrk gwaA vxj ge VsyhisFkh ugha tkurs] rks fdlh nwljs ds fnekx esa D;k pyjgk gS mlds dsoy ,d NksVs ls va'k dk ge vankt+ Hkj yxk ldrs gSaA ij blls gesa D;k rdyhiQ gS\ 'kk;ndksbZ ughaA ge viuh mRrstuk vkSj vlqj{kk ls cpus ds dkj.k gh ;g yxkrkj tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd cPps D;klh[k jgs gSa vkSj mls D;ksa lh[k jgs gSaA njvly lPph f'k{kk gels] fo'okl vkSj fgEer pkgrh gSA fo'okl]bl /kj.kk esa fd] cPps bl nqfu;k dks [kqn le>us ds fy, rRij gSa vkSj mlds fy, oks [kqn dM+h esgurdjrs gSaA bl dke dks gesa] fcuk fdlh n[ky ds] cPpksa dks djus nsuk pkfg,A vkSj blds fy, fgEer pkfg,A

1968

lqugjs fnuksa okys fu;e <ysLdwyksa esa vfuok;Z gkft+jh ds fu;e] vPNh f'k{kk esa ,d cM+h vM+pu gSA buesa yphysiu vkSj lq/kj dh

t+:jr gSA ,sls fu;eksa dks m[kkM+ iQsadus] vkSj dksVZ&dpgjh esa pqukSrh nsus dh t+:jr gSAdHkh ;g eq>s cPpksa ds gd esa yxrk FkkA ijarq vc eq>s ;g Ldwyksa ds gd esa Hkh yxus yxk gSA vc bl

ckr dk le; vk x;k gS fd gekjs Ldwy tsy ds /a/s ls ckgj fudysaA oSls Ldwy tsy dk /a/k djrs gSa blckr ij dksbZ tYnh fo'okl ugha djsxkA vke turk us gh rks gekjs Ldwyksa ls dgk gS] ^lky esa ,d lkS vLlhfnu] jkst+kuk gekjs cPpksa dks Ng ;k mlls T+;knk ?kaVksa ds fy, tsy esa can j[kks] ftlls fd oks gekjh fuxkgksa dslkeus ls vkSj fdlh eqlhcr ls nwj jgsaA vkSj tsy ds bu ?kaVksa ds nkSjku rqe gekjs cPpksa dks i<+kvksA* nksuksa ekaxsijLij&fojks/h gSa vkSj ,d&nwljs dks jn~n djrh gSaA Ldwy ;k rks tsy ds /a/s essa gks ldrs gSa ;k fiQj i<+kbZ ds]nksuksa esa ughaA vkSj Ldwyksa dk ,d /a/k ftruk T+;knk gksxk] nwljk vius vki gh mruk de gksxkA

tsy dk /a/k can djus ls Ldwyksa dk cgqr iQk;nk gksxkA blds dbZ dkj.k gSaA igyk dkj.k rks lh/k iSlksadks ysdj gSA cSYVheksj] esjhySUM ds lgk;d Ldwy lqifjuVsaMsUV ds vuqlkj mUgsa gj o"kZ djksM+ksa Mkyj minzfo;ksa}kjk rksM+sa dkap ds 'kh'kksa] iQuhZpj vkfn dh ejEer ij [kpZ djus iM+rs gSaA dkSu rksM+rk gS mu f[kM+fd;ksa dks\;g lkjk uqdlku dkSu djrk gS\ ,sls cPps tks Ldwy esa ugha i<+uk pkgrs vkSj blhfy, oks vius Ldwy lsuiQjr djrs gSaA rksM+&iQksM+ dh fØ;kvksa }kjk cPps] viuk cnyk ysrs gSaA vxj bl ?k`.kk ds ewy dkj.k dks gVkfn;k tk, rks fiQj cnyk ysus dh vko';drk vkSj ;g rksM+&iQksM+ vius vki [kRe gks tk,xhA uo;qod cgqrde gh cSadksa] gksVyksa vkSj nok dh nqdkuksa ij iFkjko djrs gSaA os Ldwyksa ls ?k`.kk djrs gSa vkSj blhfy, osLdwyksa dks gh u"V djus dh ps"Vk djrs gSaA ,d ckj eSaus egkuxj ds ,d cgqr cqf¼eku uo;qod dks cM+hxaHkhjrk ls ;g dgrs gq, lquk fd mlds bykds ds lHkh Ldwyksa dks tyk fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

mu cPpksa ij tks ogka ugha i<+uk pkgrs Ldwyksa dks] fdruk le;] lk/u vkSj /u [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSAbldk vuqeku yxkuk csgn dfBu gksxkA vufxur fo'ks"k Ldwy] fo'ks"k d{kk,a] fo'ks"k yksx] fo'ks"k fu;e&dkuwu]fo'ks"k lykg dk;ZØe vkfn & lHkh ds gksus dk dsoy ,d gh dkj.k gS & ,sls cPps tks Ldwyksa ls ?k`.kk djrsgSa vkSj ogka ugha tkuk pkgrs gSaA f'k{kdksa dks bu 'kSrku dSfn;ksa dks fu;U=k.k esa j[kus ds fy, fdruh vf/dmQtkZ [kpZ djuh iM+rh gS 'kk;n bldk Hkh vuqeku yxkuk eqf'dy gksA

;g tsy dk /a/k ,d vkSj ek;us esa Hkh cgqr eagxk gSA D;ksafd gekjs cPpksa dks jkst+] dqN ?kaVksa ds fy, tsyesa j[kus dk dke Ldwyksa dks lkSaik x;k gS blfy, mUgsa ;g lqfuf'pr djuk iM+rk gS fd dSnh tsy esa jgssaAvxj os tsy esa ugha gSa rks D;ksa ugha gSa vkSj dgka x, gSa bldk irk j[kuk iM+rk gSA bl dke dks djus esaf'k{kd vkSj Ldwy izca/d u tkus fdruk T+;knk dkxt+ O;FkZ djrs gSaA gkft+jh ds ftrus Hkh eksVs&eksVs jftLVjvkSj fjdkMZ gksrs gSa lHkh dk ek=k ,d mn~ns'; gksrk gS & ;g fl¼ djuk fd lHkh dSnh tsy esa ekStwn Fks vkSjvxj ugha Fks rks mldk dksbZ dkuwuh dkj.k FkkA vxj vfuok;Z mifLFkfr ds fu;eksa dks gVk fn;k tk, rks bulc dh t+:jr ugha iM+sxhA

eq>s ckWLVu ifCyd ykbczsjh esa vyx&vyx i`"BHkwfe;ksa ds Nk=k feyrs gSaA oks dkiQh dk;ns vkSj le>nkjh lsfeyrs&tqyrs gSaA dHkh Hkh fdlh us muds O;ogkj dks leL;kewyd ugha crk;k gSSA D;ksa ugha\ igys] D;ksafdvxj vki fdlh ,slh txg ij gksrs gSa tgka vki gksuk pkgrs gSa rks vki dk;ns ls O;ogkj djrs gSaA nwljs] Nk=kksadks ;g Hkh irk gksrk gS fd vxj oks ogka 'kksj epk,axs rks mUgsa nqckjk iqLrdky; esa ?kqlus ugha fn;k tk,xkAvc vkSj dqN dgus dh t+:jr gh ugha cprhA Dykl&ekWuhVjksa] tklwlksa vkSj l'kL=k iqfyl dk tks igjk Ldwyksaesa ik;k tkrk gS oks rks 'kgj ds] lcls [kwa[kkj bykds ds iqLrdky; esa Hkh ugha feysxkA ogka mldh dksbZvko';drk Hkh ugha gksxhA vxj Ldwy yksxksa dh ,d t+:jrean laLFkk cus gks rks ogk¡ ij bl izdkj dh iqfyldh dksbZ t+:jr ugha gksxhA

ijarq bl tsy ds /a/s ls lcls vf/d gkfu d{kk ds vanj gksrh gSA mlls f'k{kd vkSj Nk=kksa ds chp dslaca/ ,dne Hkz"V gks tkrs gSaA f'k{kd ,d dke djokus okyk esB vkSj iqfyleSu cu tkrk gSA gks ldrk gS fdf'k{kd dks ikB ilan gks vkSj oks mls cPPkksa rd igqapkuk pkgrk gksA ijarq mlds ckn Hkh oks ewy :i lsvyx&vyx rjhds viukdj cPpksa dks Hk;Hkhr vkSj et+cwj djsxkA blls d{kk ,d yM+kbZ ds eSnku esa cnytk,xhA ubZ 'kSf{kd rduhdsa vkSj midj.k blds ewy Lo:i dks ugha cny ik,axhA blds urht+s lkiQ ut+j vkrsgSaA tks vPNs yksx] cM+h mEehnsa yxkdj i<+kus ds {ks=k esa vkrs gSa oks /hjs&/hjs djds vius vkidks ,diqfylokyk le>us yxrs gSa vkSj cPpksa dks viuk tkuh nq'euA le; ds lkFk oks cPpksa dh enn djus vkSji<+kus dh ckr Hkwy tkrs gSa mYVs cPpksa ls uiQjr djus yxrs gSaA blesa mu f'k{kdksa dh xyrh ugha gSA vkSjfo'ks"k izdkj ds izf'k{k.k vkSj fo'ks"k yksxks ds p;u ls bls cnyk ugha tk ldrk gSA vc Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dschp ijLij lg;ksx ds lEcU/ cuuk mrus gh eqf'dy gSa ftrus dSfn;ksa vkSj goynkj ds chpA nksuksa ds dkj.kHkh ,d&leku gSaA nwljh vksj] vxj vfuok;Z mifLFkfr dks lekIr dj fn;k tk, rks ;s fj'rs ,dne cnytk,axsA D;ksafd vc f'k{kd tsyj ugha gksxk blfy, oks cPpksa dk nq'eu Hkh ugha gksxkA

eSaus ;g fl¼ djus ds fy, dbZ dkj.k fn, gSa fd vfuok;Z mifLFkfr Ldwyksa ds gd esa ugha gSA ijUrq eSamldk fojks/ blfy, djrk gwa D;ksafd oks cPpksa ds fy, xyr vkSj gkfudkjd gSA eq>s cgqr ls ^vPNs* Ldwyksads ikydksa ls ppkZ dk ekSdk feyk gSA eq>s ,slh vusdksa dgkfu;k¡ lquus dks feyh gSa tgka ij Ldwyksa us] ;k d{kkds f'k{kdksa us] cPpksa dks pksV vkSj gkfu igqapkbZ gS vkSj dqN dks viax cuk fn;k gSA bl lcls eq>s yxrk gSfd vfuok;Z mifLFkfr ds dkuwu cPpksa ds vkSj muds ikydksa ds ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dk guu djrs gSaa vkSjblfy, mUgsa pqukSrh nh tkuh pkfg,A

eq>s irk gS fd le;&le; ij ikydksa us vfuok;Z mifLFkfr ds dkuwuksa dks pqukSrh nh gS ijarq mUgsa blesavliQyrk gh feyh gSA ij mu pqukSfr;ksa dk vk/kj dqN vyx FkkA muesa Ikkydksa }kjk ?kj esa cPpksa dks i<+kusdh vFkkg laHkkouk,a lq>kbZ xbZ Fkha ijUrq Ldwy }kjk dh xbZ gkfu ij bruk t+ksj ugha FkkA laHkzkUr yksxksa ds bl

rdZ dks Ldwyksa us ,d djkjk tokc Hkh fn;k FkkA Ldwyksa esa reke lalk/u rks gksrs gh gSa lkFk esa ogka vkdjcPps viuh mez ds cgqr ls vU; cPpksa ls fey ldrs gSaA ;g ekSdk mUgsa ?kj esa jgdj ugha feysxkA blhfy,vHkh rd U;k;ky;ksa us Ldwyksa ds csgrj rdZ dks gh ekuk gSA ijarq esjh pqukSrh blls vyx gSA esjh jk; esa vxjLdwy cPpksa dh enn djus dh fLFkfr esa gksa rHkh os cPpksa dh vfuok;Z mifLFkfr dh ekax dj ldrs gSaA vkSjLdwy okdbZ esa cPPkksa dh enn dj jgs gSa bls izR;{k fn[kkuk Ldwyksa dk dke gksxkA ij tgka Ldwyksa dk] cPpksaij xyr vlj iM+ jgk gS ogk¡ Ldwyksa }kjk cPpksa dh vfuok;Z mifLFkfr dh ekax uktk;t+ gksxhA laf{kIr esa ge;g dg ldrs gSa fd Ldwy dksbZ iQkSt+ ugha gSA ;g Ldwyksa dk ,sfrgkfld vkSj dkuwuh vkSfpR; gS fd os lHkhcPPkksa ds fy, vPNs gksa vkSj gjsd cPps ds fy, lgk;d gksaA Ng cjl ds lHkh cPpksa dks t+cjnLrh iQkSt+ esaHkstuk dk fu.kZ; geus vHkh ugha fy;k gSA

tc lcls igys vfuok;Z mifLFkfr ds fu;e&dkuwu cus rks os ekuo vf/dkjksa ds fojks/h ugha] muds gdesa FksA os dkuwu cPPkksa ds gd esa Hkh FksA os cPpksa dks f'k{kk iznku djokrs vkSj mUgsa vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k djus okyso;Ldksa ls cpkrs FksA vejhdk esa cgqr ls fdlku] NksVs nqdkunkj vkSj dkjhxj ftUgsa [kqn vkSipkfjd f'k{kk dkekSdk ugha feyk Fkk vius cPpksa dks Hkh [knku] dkj[kkuksa vkSj [ksrksa dks dke djokuk ilUn djrs FksA bl izdkjds 'kks"k.k ds fojks/ esa dkuwu cusA ijarq le; vkSj rjhds cnys gSaA ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks Bhd djus ds fy, okssfu;e cus Fks os vc ekStwn ugha gSaA vc NksVs cPpksa ds Je ds fy, ckt+kj gh ugha gSA vkt vkfFkZd dkj.kksa lscgqr de ikyd gh vius cPpksa dks Ldwy dh ctk, ?kj ij j[kuk pkgsaxsA ij lPpkbZ ;g gS fd vkt Ldwygh cPpksa dks u"V dj jgs gSa vkSj muds lcls cM+s 'kks"kd gSaA

blesa dkuwu D;k dj ldrk gS\ dkuwu dks Li"V :i ls ,d ckr dguh pkfg,A vxj cPpksa vkSj mudsikydksa dh jk; esa Ldwy iQk;nk u igqapkdj mYVs cPpksa dk uqdlku dj jgs gSa rks cPpksa dks Ldwy tkus] ;k utkus dh Lora=krk gkssuh pkfg,A ikydksa dks blds fy, dksbZ lcwr nsus dh t+:jr ugha gksuh pkfg, fd oss cPpksadks] i<+kbZ dh lqfo/k,a ;k vU; cPpksa dk lkFk miyC/ djk ik jgs gSa ;k ughaA vxj fcyh fLeFk Ldwy lsuiQjr djrk gS vkSj mlds ikydksa dks mldk ;g ekuuk lgh yxrk gS rks vnkyrksa ls mUgsa blds fy, jkgrfeyuh pkfg,A Ldwy dh [kjkc f'k{kk dh rqyuk essa os cPps dks ,d vPNh f'k{kk ns ldrs gSa bldk lcwr is'kdjus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksuh pkfg,A U;k; dk ;g ,d cqfu;knh fl¼kar gS fd vxj gesa fdlh pht+ds xyr gksus dk irk gks rks mls fodYi [kkstus ds nkSjku xyr ckr can gksuh pkfg,A

eSa ,sls cgqr ls cPpksa dks tkurk gwa tks Ldwy ls ?k`.kk djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa vlguh; ekurs gSaA vxj cPpksa dhLdwy esa mifLFkfr vfuok;Z u gks rks gks ldrk gS fd ;g cPps Ldwy dks FkksM+k vf/d lguh; vkSj jkspdle>us yxsaA tks cPps Ldwyksa ls cgqr vf/d ?k`.kk djrs gSa oks Hkh 'kk;n ogka dHkh&dHkh tkuk pkgsaA mldkdkj.k gS fd cPpksa ds Ldwyksa esa fe=k gksrs gSa vkSj Ldwyksa esa cgqr dqN gksrk gSA tks cPps ikap fnuksa rd Ldwydks ugha lg ikrs oks 'kk;n nks&rhu fnuksa ds fy, ogka ij tkuk pkgsa vkSj bl vYidky esa gh ikap fnuksa dhrqyuk esa csgrj f'k{kk vkSj larks"k ik,aA

tks yksx Ldwyksa ds ckjs esa dqN tkurs gSa & vkSj blesa lHkh Nk=k 'kkfey gSa] oks bl ckr dks igpkurs gSa fdcPps viuh cqf¼ vkSj mQtkZ dk mi;ksx dj] Ldwy dk ia¡p fnu yack ikB~;Øe] nks fnuksa esa gh iwjk dj ldrsgSaA vxj dkuwu cPpksa dks] Ldwy tkus] ;k u tkus dh Lora=krk nsrk gS rks os Ldwy ls cps le; esa ,sls cgqrls jkspd vkSj xaHkhj dk;Z dj ldrs gSa] ftuds fy, vHkh mUgsa le; ugha feyrk gSA ;g ckr xkSjryc gS fdtks X;kjg o"khZ;] :ekfu;k dh yM+dh] 1967 ds xzsuksfcy vksyafiDl dh LdsfVax izfrLi/kZ esa lcdh pgsrh Fkhmlus viuh laiw.kZ f'k{kk ?kj ij gh izkIr dh FkhA ;g fdruh jkspd ckr gS fd ,d lkE;oknh ns'kde&ls&de] vius ,d cPps dks] lh[kus dh oks Lora=krk nsrk gS tks vejhdk tSlk Lora=k ns'k vius cPpksa dksugha nsrkA

esjs izLrko ls dbZ eqf'dy iz'u [kM+s gksaxs ftudk mRrj esjs ikl ugha gksxkA ,slh fLFkfr esa D;k gksxk tc

cPpksa vkSj ikydksa esa Ldwy }kjk dh tk jgh gkfu dks ysdj gh erHksn gks\ esjh jk; esa vxj cPpk Ldwy tkukpkgrk gS vkSj mlds ikyd euk djrs gSa rks cPps dh gh ckr ekuh tkuh pkfg,A ij vxj fLFkfr bldhfcYdqy mYVh gks rks iz'u vkSj dfBu gks tk,xk] ijarq eSa cPps dh ea'kk dks izkFkfedrk nwaxkA ;g ml lkekU;vkSj lcds }kjk LohÑr ekU;rk ds f[kykiQ gS ftlds vuqlkj ekrk&firk dks gh cPps dh ft+anxh dk funsZ'kdekuk tkrk gSA bl elys ij esjh ,Mxj ÚkbfMucxZ ls iwjh rjg lger gwa fd cPpksa ds dqN [kqn viusvf/dkj gksus pkfg, ftUgsa dksbZ vkSj Nhu u ldsA blesa [kqn dh ft+anxh dks [kRe djus dk vf/dkj 'kkfeyugha gksuk pkfg, (eSaus ^ft+anxh dks [kRe* djus dh ckr blfy, dh D;ksafd ns'k ds dqN jkT;ksa esa Ldwy] cPpsdks ekjrs&ihVrs le;] cPps dh tku rd ys ldrs gSa] vkSj mUgsa dksbZ dkuwuh lt+k ugha gksxhA)

bl le; 'kk;n dksbZ Hkh jkT; vius dkuwuksa esa] Ldwy gkft+jh esa lq/kj ykus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gksxkA eq>syxrk gS fd vf/dka'k ikydksa dks Ldwy dk jksy ilan vkrk gSA Ldwy cPpksa dks laHkkyrs gSa vkSj ,d tsy dkdke djrs gSaA blh fy, vfuok;Z mifLFkfr ds fu;eksa dks cnyus ds le; ikyd mldk t+cjnLr fojks/djsaxsA blhfy, mUgsa cPpksa dh eqfDr dh nyhy nsrs gq, U;k;ky;ksa esa pqukSrh nh tkuh pkfg,A

esjk ;g dguk ugha gS fd tc rd U;k;ky; blds ckjs esa dqN ugha djsaxs rc rd dqN gks gh ugha ldrkgSA blds fy, ,d gh mnkgj.k i;kZIr gksxk% ,d izfl¼ izkFkfed Ldwy esa tkus okyh ukS cjl dh cPph ,dfnu ?kj jksrh gqbZ okfil vkbZA 'kq: fnu ls gh oks cPph vius Ldwy esa ,d ^ekMy* Nk=kk FkhA ml fnumldh d{kk esa fu;fer f'k{kdk dh ctk, dksbZ vU; f'k{kdk vkbZA cPph us fn;k gqvk dke [kRe fd;k vkSjfiQj [kkyh le; esa dkxt+ ij ,d [kjxks'k dk fp=k cukus yxhA f'k{kdk pqids ls cPph ds ihNs tkdj [kM+hgqbZA mlus fp=k dks ns[kk vkSj fcuk fdlh psrkouh ds cPph ds gkFk ls dkxt+ vkSj isafly dks [khap fy;kAmlus dkxt+ dks ejksM+k vkSj isafly ds lkFk nhokj ds ikl iQsad fn;kA fiQj f'k{kdk us mQaph vkokt+ esa dgk]^vxj eSaus rqEgsa nqckjk d{kk esa fp=k cukrs gq, idM+k rks fiQj eSa rqels gkFk nnZ djus rd ;g fy[kus dks dgwaxheS a d{kk e s a dHkh fp=k ugh a cukm axh* Ldwy ds ckn tc cPph dh eka dks bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa irk pyk rksoks cgqr xqLlk gqbZA mlus iz/kukpk;Z dks iQksu ij lkjh ckr crkbZ vkSj dgk fd vxj iz/kukpk;Z ds fy, mlf'kf{kdk dks 'kk;n gVkuk eqf'dy gks rks tc rd oks f'k{kdk d{kk esa jgsxh rc rd oks viuh cPph dks Ldwyugha HkstsxhA iz/kukpk;Z us cPph dh xSjgkft+jh ij dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k tks esjh jk; esa ,d le>nkjh dk fu.kZ;FkkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa blls igys fd U;k;ky; Ldwy esa mifLFkfr ds fu;eksa dks Hkax djsa mudk fojks/ djus lsdqN ykHk vo'; gksxkA

1968

cPpksa esa i<+us ds izfr uiQjr iSnk djuktc eSa dksyksjSMks jkSdh ekmaVsu Ldwy esa vaxzsth i<+krk Fkk rks eSa Nk=kksa ls muds x`gdk;Z ds ckjs esa] ogh iz'u

iwNrk Fkk tks lkekU;r% vaxzsth i<+kus okys f'k{kd iwwNrs gSa & ,sls iz'u ftuls Nk=k] esjs }kjk pqus x, fcanqvksa dksle>saA Nk=k viuh vksj ls eq>s b'kkjksa ls eq>ls ladsr fudyokus dk iz;kl djrsA ge ,d izdkj dk [ksy[ksyrsA Nk=kksa ds iqLrd lEcU/h fopkjksa dks eSa dHkh Hkh tkuus dh dksf'k'k ugha djrkA

eSa Nk=kksa dks 'kCnksa dh dok;n djrk vkSj mUgsa NksVs VsLV nsrkA eSa Nk=kksa ls dgrk fd tc dHkh mUgsa dksbZu;k 'kCn ut+j rks mUgsa rqjar 'kCndks'k esa mldk vFkZ ns[kuk pkfg,A eSaus muds fy, 'kCnksa ds dqN fo'ks"k VsLVcuk, Fks ftlesa Nk=k 'kCnksa ds mi;ksx dks le>us ds fy, viuh iqLrdksa dh lgk;rk ys ldrs FksA ijarq vc]tc eSa ihNs eqM+dj ns[krk gwa rks eq>s vius }kjk cuk, VsLV vkSj rjhdksa dh csodwiQh dk irk pyrk gSA

esjh cgu us lcls igys eq>s vaxzsth i<+kus ds ikjEifjd rjhdksa dh lhekvksa ds ckjs esa lkspus ds fy, ckè;fd;kA mudk csVk lkroha d{kk esa Fkk vkSj ,d vPNs ifCyd Ldwy esa i<+rk FkkA f'k{kd us mlls dwij dhiqLrd n fM;jLy s;j i<+us dks dgkA fdrkc dk p;u gh xyr Fkk D;ksafd mlessa izÑfr vkSj euq"; nksuksa dko.kZu dkiQh lrgh] v'kq¼ vkSj HkkoukRed FkkA oSls Hkh dwij dh 'kSyh vkSj Hkk"kk dkiQh dfBu FkhA lcls

[kjkc ckr Fkh fd f'k{kd cPpksa ls bl iqLrd dk vfrlw{e vè;;u djok jgk FkkA f'k{kd cPpksa ls ifjHkk"kk,ajVok jgk Fkk vkSj izR;sd dfBu 'kCn dk mn~xe [kkstus dks dg jgk FkkA ;g ,d dfBu dke FkkA gjsdvè;k; ds ckn iz'u iwNs tkrs Fks ftlls ;g lqfuf'pr gks lds fd cPpksa dk ^ikB* le> esa vk;k gSA

ml le; ijEijkoknh gksus ds ukrs eSa viuh cgu dh fVIif.k;ksa ds fojks/ esa] vius f'k{kd fe=k dk gh i{kys jgk FkkA /hjs&/hjs ;g fookn xjek;kA cPps tks Hkh i<+sa oks mls le>sa ;g lqfuf'pr djuk D;k xyr Fkk\esjs cgu us crk;k fd bl d{kk ds igys muds csVs dks iqLrdsa i<+us ls vFkkg izse Fkk vkSj oks [kqn cgqr dqNi<+rk FkkA ijarq vc mlus i<+uk gh can dj fn;k FkkA (vkSj blds dbZ o"kksZa ckn rd Hkh mlus nqckjk i<+uk'kq: ugha fd;kA)

eSa fiQj Hkh viuh ckr ij vM+k jgkA vxj cPpksa dks 'kCnksa ds vFkZ gh ugha irk gksaxs rks os i<+rs le;mudk vFkZ dSls le>saxs\ esjh cgu us dgk] ^csodwiQksa tSlh ckrsa er djks! tc rqe NksVs Fks rc rqEgkjh'kCnkoyh dkiQh o`gr Fkh vkSj rqe ges'kk o;Ldksa dh iqLrdsa gh i<+rs FksA rqeus cpiu esa D;k dHkh 'kCndks'kmBkdj ns[kk\*

mUgksaus lgh gh dgkA eSaus dHkh Hkh 'kCndks'k ugha ns[kk FkkA vkt Hkh eq>s mldh t+:jr ugha iM+rh gSAvius iwjs thou esa eSaus 'kCndks'k esa ipkl ls vf/d 'kCnksa ds ek;us ugha ns[ks gksaxs] 'kk;n mlls Hkh deA

mlds ckn ls eSaus bl fo"k; ij cgqr ls f'k{kdksa ds lkFk ppkZ dh gSA bl ckr dks eSaus dbZ ckj nksgjk;kgS] ^ijh{k.kksa ds vuqlkj vki tSls i<+s&fy[ks lk{kj yksxksa yxHkx chl gt+kj 'kCn tkurs gSaA muesa ls vkiusfdruksa dks 'kCndks'k esa [kkstk gS\* f'k{kd bls lqudj pkSad tkrs gSaA dqN us 'kk;n ,d gt+kj ;k mlls de'kCnksa dks 'kCndks'k esa [kkstk gksxkA mUgksaus ckdh 'kCn dSls lh[ks\*

tSls mUgksaus cksyuk lh[kk] mlh izdkj mUgksaus mu 'kCnksa dks lh[kk & 'kCnksa ls vyx&vyx lanHkksZa esa mudhckj&ckj eqykdkr gksrh vkSj var esa muls nksLrh gks tkrh vkSj os iwjs lanHkZ esa muds vFkZ dks le> tkrsA

vaxzsth ds f'k{kd le> ij bruk cy nsrs gSa ;g ,d nqHkkZX; dh ckr gSA cPps tks Hkh i<+sa oks lc mUgsale> esa vk, gh] ;g D;ksa t+:jh gS\ D;k dHkh fdlh ds lkFk ,slk gqvk gS\ esjs lkFk u rks dHkh ,slk gqvk]vkSj u gh eSaus dHkh ,slk djkA eSaus ges'kk ,slh iqLrdsa i<+ha ftUgsa f'k{kd ^dfBu* djkj nsrsA bu iqLrdksa esareke ,sls 'kCn Fks ftUgsa eSa ugha tkurk FkkA blhfy, eSaus ,d vPNk ikBd cukA nl lky dh mez esa gh eSaMhvkVZxuu dh dgkfu;ka i<+us vkSj mudk vkuan ysus yxk FkkA eq>s ml le; rd ;g ugha irk Fkk fd ÚkalvkSj baXySUM ds chp ;q¼ D;ksa gqvk] ;k Úsap U;k;ky;ksa esa dkSu fdlls yM+ jgk Fkk ;k fiQj eLdsfV;j D;ksadkfMZuy fjpyw ds yksxksa ls >xM+rs jgrs FksA ijarq ;g ckrsa u ekywe gksus ls eq>s dksbZ fnDdr ugha gqbZA eq>sdkfMZuy dkSu gksrk gS bldk Hkh ugha irk FkkA eSa fliQZ bruk tkurk Fkk fd oks ,d [krjukd vkSj 'kfDr'kkyhvkneh gS vkSj esjs fe=kksa dks mlls Mj yxrk gSA cl] bruk Hkj tkuuk gh esjs fy, dkiQh FkkA

bruk lc dgus ds ckn eSa lksprk gwa fd ?kj ;k d{kk esa ,d cM+k] foLr`r 'kCndks'k gksuk ,d vPNh ckrgSA vxj dksbZ vkidks ckè; u djs rks fdlh vU; fdrkc ds iUus iyVus esa vkidks bruk et+k ugha vk,xkAcPpksa dks] mudh vk;q ds vuqlkj] cM+s 'kCndks'k esa cgqr lh jkspd vkSj vPNh ckrsa feysaxhA oks mlesa et+snkjmPpkj.k okys 'kCn [kkst ldrs gSaA os mu 'kCnksa dks <wa< ldrs gSa ftUgsa d{kk esa fdlh us dHkh lquk gh u gksAos viuh ilan ds yacs] ;k fiQj fu"ks/ 'kCnksa dks [kkst ldrs gSa ftlesa mUgsa lcls T+;knk et+k vk,xkA ,dfo'ks"k mez esa vkSj f'k{kdksa ,oa ikydksa dh FkksM+h lh lgk;rk ls cPps 'kCn ds mn~xe] vkSj le; ds lkFkmuds cnyrs vFkZ ds ckjs esa tku ldrs gSaA 'kCnksa dks vius et+s ds fy, [kkstuk ,d ckr gSA ijarq vxjvkidks i<+rs le; ckj&ckj 'kCndks'k mBkuk iM+s D;ksafd ,slk ugha djus ls vkidks f'k{kd ijs'kku djsxk rks oks,d fcYdqy vxy ckr gksxhA

cgu ds lkFk gq, fookn ds nks lky chrus ds ckn ikapoh d{kk dks i<+krs le; eSa i<+us ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrkls lkspus yxkA esjs d{kk ds cPpksa dks ,d dkMZ ij muds }kjk i<+h izR;sd iqLrd] mlds ys[kd vkSj lkj dksfliQZ ,d ykbu esa fy[kuk FkkA eq>s fdlh izfrLi/kZ dk vk;kstu rks djuk ugha Fkk ftlesa lcls T+;knk iqLrdksa

ds ikBd dks dksbZ bZuke feysA oSls bl izdkj dh izfrLi/kZvksa esa gh [kwc udy gksrh gSA cPps D;k i<+ jgs gSa]eSa fliQZ ;g irk djuk pkgrk FkkA dqN le; i'pkr ;g Li"V gqvk fd ;g cgqr cqf¼eku cPps] tksi<+s&fy[ks vkSj lkfgfR;d ifjokjksa ls vk, Fks] cgqr de iqLrdas i<+rs Fks vkSj i<+us ls mUgsa ,d xgjh ?k`.kk FkhAbldk D;k dkj.k gks ldrk Fkk\

bl le; ds eSaus vius lksp dks] gkmQ fpYM ªu i Q sy uke dh iqLrd esa fy[kk gSA vf/dka'k cPpksa ds fy,Ldwy ,d [krjukd txg gksrh gS vkSj cPps bl [krjs ls cpus dk ;Fkk laHko iz;kl djrs gSaA vc eq>s lkiQLdwy esa iqLrdsa Hkh ,d cgqr [krjukd gfFk;kj tSls fn[kus yxhsaA

ge Ldwy esa 'kq: ls gh] iqLrdksa vkSj muds i<+us dks] iQsy djus vkSj uhpk fn[kkus dk ,d ekè;e cuk nsrsgSaA tc cPps NksVs gksrs gSa rc ge muls f'k{kd vkSj ckdh cPpksa ds lkeus] t+ksj&t+ksj ls i<+us dks dgrs gSaftlls fd mUgsa lc 'kCn le> esa vk, bldk irk gesa py ldsA bldk eryc gksrk gS fd cPpksa dks dksbZ'kCn u ekywe gksus ij oks iwjh d{kk ds le{k xyrh djssaxsA mUgsa viuh xyrh dk rRdky irk py tk,xkAxyrh djus ij 'kk;n dqN vU; cPps vius gkFk fgykdj ^vksg] vksg* dh vkokt+sa fudkyus yxsaA gks ldrk gSoks dqN galsa] ,d&nwljs dks dksguh ekjsa ;k fiQj viuk eqag cuk,aA 'kk;n f'k{kd iwNs] ^D;k rqEgsa vPNh rjgirk gS\* ;k fiQj oks fdlh vkSj ls mlds ckjs esa iwNsA vkSj vxj f'k{kd dqN n;kyq gqvk rks oks 'kk;n mldspsgjs ij ,d nq[kh eqLdqjkgV izdV gks & tks fdlh laosnu'khy ckyd ds fy, ,d dBksj lt+k lkfcr gksldrh gSA bruk vo'; gksxk] ftl cPps us xyrh dh gS mls viuh xyrh dk irk py tk,xk] ftlls oksvius vkidks csodwiQ vkSj viekfur eglwl djsxkA vxj ge mldh txg gksrs rkss ge Hkh oSlk gh eglwldjrsA

blls cgqr ls cPps tYn gh] iqLrd i<+us dk laca/ xfYr;ksa] ltk+ vkSj vieku ls tksM+us yxrs gaSA ;g'kk;n gesa vPNk u yxs ij vly esa ,slk gh gksrk gSA ekdZ V~osu us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd xeZ ros ij ,dckj cSBus ds ckn fcYyh] nqckjk dHkh BaMs ros ij Hkh ikao rd ugha j[ksxhA ;g ckr fcfYy;ksa ds fy, lgh gSrks mruh gh cPpksa ds fy, [kjh gSA vxj cPps xeZ iqLrdksa ij dqN ckj cSBrs gSa vkSj vxj iqLrdksa ds dkj.kmUgsa viekfur vkSj nq[k >syuk iM+rk gS rks os iqLrdkas dks nwj ls gh iz.kke djus dk fu'p; ysaxsA

ikapoh d{kk ds cPpksa dks pkj lky i<+kus ds ckn bl fl¼kar dh lPpkbZ esa esjh vkLFkk c<+ xbZA esjh ubZd{kk esa ,sls cgqr ls cPps Fks tks Ldwy ds dke vkSj i<+us esa cgqr eqf'dy eglwl dj jgs FksA eSaus th&tkuyxkdj iqLrdksa ds izfr muds Hk; vkSj ?k`.kk dks nwj djus vkSj mUgsa vf/d i<+us ds izfr izsfjr djus dhdksf'k'k dhA

,d fnu Ldwy 'kq: gksus ds rqjUr ckn eSaus muls dgk] ^vkt eSa i<+us ds ckjs esa rqels ,d ,slh ckrd:axk tks vktrd rqeus fdlh Hkh f'k{kd ds eqag ls ugha lquh gksxhA eSa pkgwaxk fd bl o"kZ rqe vf/d lsvf/d iqLrdsa i<+ks] ij rqe mUgsa dsoy vius vkuan ds fy, gh i<+ksA rqEgsa iqLrdsa le> esa vkbaZ ;k ugha]blds ckjs esa rqe ls dksbZ iz'u ugha iwNwaxkA rqEgsa iqLrd le> esa vk, vkSj rqe mls vius et+s ds fy, i<+ukpkgks cl ;gh eSa pkgrk gwaA eSa rqels fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ Hkh ugha iwNawxkA

^var esa]* eSaus muls dgk] ^D;ksafd rqeus fdlh iqLrd dks 'kq: fd;k gS bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd rqEgsamls [kRe gh djuk gSA rqe iqLrd ds igys rhl&pkyhl iUus i<+dj mudk tk;t+k yksA mlds ckn vxj rqEgsaiqLrd ds ik=k] ;k iqLrd ilan u vk, rks mls can djds j[k nks vkSj nwljh iqLrd mBk dj i<+ksA tc rdrqEgsa iqLrd esa et+k vk, rc rd eq>s mlds dfBu ;k ljy] yach ;k NksVh gksus ls dqN iQdZ ugha iM+rkA eSabl lcds ckjs esa rqEgkjs ekrk&firk dks Hkh ,d i=k fy[k jgk gwa ftlls oks rqels iqLrdksa ds ckjs esa csdkj dsloky&tokc u djsaA

cPps LrC/ vkSj 'kkar cSBs jgsA Hkyk dHkh dksbZ f'k{kd ,slk djsxk\ ,d yM+dh gekjs ikl gky gh esa ,dnwljs Ldwy ls vkbZ FkhA ogka ml cPph dks cgqr ijs'kkfu;ka mBkuh iM+ha FkhaA oks ,d csgn jkspd] ft+ankfny vkSjcqf¼eku yM+dh FkhA oks cgqr nsj rd eq>s VdVdh yxk, ns[krh jgh vkSj fiQj mlus /hjs ls vkSj xaHkhjrk ls

eq>ls iwNk] ^feLVj gksYV] D;k vkius tks dgk mlesa lPpkbZ gS\* eSaus Hkh xaHkhjrk ls mRrj fn;k] ^esjk gjsd'kCn lp gSA*

ml yM+dh us esjh ckr ij fo'okl fd;kA mlus lcls igys] MkDVj tkSbl dh gkmQ n fx z ap LVk syfØLel iqLrd i<+hA ;g iqLrd rhljh ds cPpksa ds fy, Hkh dfBu ugha gSA dqN le; rd oks blh Lrj dhvU; iqLrdsa i<+rh jghA bl nkSjku oks viuh dqN mu my>uksa ls eqDr gqbZ ftUgsa mlds iwoZ f'k{kdksa us iSnkfd;k FkkA mls ^mQaph d{kk* ds Lrj rd ykus ds fy, bu f'k{kdksa us mls viuh dfBukb;ksa dks lqy>kus dkle; gh ugha fn;k FkkA esjh d{kk esa Ng gÝrs fcrkus ds ckn mlds lkFk esjh vPNh nksLrh gks xbZA D;ksafdmldh i<+us vkSj ?kksM+ksa nksuksa esa xgjh jQfp Fkh blfy, eSaus mls u s ' kuy o s Yo sV uke dh iqLrd i<+us dk lq>kofn;kA eSaus iqLrd dh laf{kIr dgkuh mls crkbZA dgkuh ,d NksVs yM+dh ds ckjs esa Fkh ftls ?kksM+ksa ls I;kj FkkvkSj muij lokjh djuk ilan FkkA eSaus ml yM+dh ls ;g Hkh dgk fd vxj mls dgkuh ilan u vk, rks okscs'kd fdrkc dks u i<+sA mlus dksf'k'k dhA fdrkc mlds i<+us ds Lrj ls dkiQh dfBu Fkh fiQj Hkh mlusmldks iwjk i<+k vkSj mlesa mls cgqr et+k vk;kA

olar ds nkSjku mlus eq>s ,dne vk'p;Z esa Mky fn;kA ,d fnu] ,d NqV~Vh ds ihfj;M esa oks viuhMsLd ij cSB dj i<+ jgh FkhA ml fdrkc esa fp=kksa dh ,d >yd ns[kdj eq>s ml iqLrd dk dqN vankt+yxkA ^,slk ugha gks ldrk]* eSaus [kqn ls dgk vkSj fiQj ikl tkdj eSaus fdrkc dks djhch ls ns[kkA ,dnelgh] oks eksch fMd dk oks laLdj.k i<+ jgh Fkh ftlesa jkSdosy dsUV us fo'ks"k oqMdV~l }kjk fp=k cuk, FksAtc eSa ml yM+dh dh MsLd ds ikl vk;k rks mlus flj mBkdj esjh vksj ns[kkA eSaus iwNk] ^D;k rqe blfdrkc dks i<+ jgh gks\* mlus gka esa mRrj fn;kA ^D;k rqEgsa fdrkc ilUn vkbZ\* ^gka] cM+h jkspd gS!* mlustokc fn;kA eSaus iwNk] ^D;k rqEgsa fdrkc ds dqN va'k dfBu ugha yxrs\* mlus mRrj fn;k] ^gka] eSa mu vaa'kksadks NksM+dj vkxs ds vPNs fgLls ij pyh tkrh gwaA*

blh izdkj i<+uk pkfg, & vkuUn] [kq'kh vkSj jksekap ds fy,A ij nqHkkZX; ls Ldwyksa esa ,slk ugha gksrk gSAi<+us ds fy, dqN <wa<ks] mlesa Mwcks] vPNs va'kksa dks i<+ks] [kjkc fgLlksa dks NksM+ nks vkSj iqLrd lsvf/d&ls&vf/d gkfly djks vkSj fiQj nwljh fdrkc mBkvksA ijarq Ldwyksa dh ekU;rk blls fdruh mYVh gSAge ,d gh iqLrd dks fupksM+&fupksM+ dj mldh ^le>* dk vdZ cPpksa dks fiykuk pkgrs gSaA

ftu f'k{kdksa dks blesa et+k vkrk gS vkSj tks mls cM+s pko ls djrs gSa muds fy, iqLrdksa dks t+ksj ls i<+uk,d vPNh ckr gSA esjh le> esa vk;k gS fd ikapoh ds cPpksa dks gh ugha] blesa ukSoha vkSj X;kjgoha ds cPpksadks Hkh cM+k et+k vkrk gSA tSd yaMu dh fy[kh V w fcYM , i Q k;j blds fy, ,d cgqr vPNh dgkuh gSAblds fy, Hkwr&izsrksa dh dgkfu;k¡ tSls MCyw ,iQ gkjos dh ^vk SxLV ghV* vkSj MCyw- MCyw- tsdc dh ^neadht+ ikS* 'kk;n lcls vPNh gSaA f'kjys tSdlu dh dgkuh ^n yk WVjh* Hkh t+cjnLr gS vkSj mlls ckn esappkZ ds fy, reke iz'u Hkh mBsaxsA cPpksa us D;ksafd fofy;e xksfYMax dh iqLrd ^ykM Z vkiQ n Ýykbt + * dksVsyhfotu ij ns[kk Fkk blfy, eSaus mlds ,d&nks vè;k; mudks i<+us dk eu cuk;kA ijarq cPpksa us eq>s iwjhiqLrd dks i<+us ds fy, et+cwj fd;kA

ftl ikapoh d{kk dks eSa igys i<+krk Fkk mlds cPps rhoz cqf¼ okys Fks] lqf'kf{kr ifjokjksa ls vkrs FksA ,slkyxrk Fkk fd os Ldwy esa liQy gksaxsA ijUrq buesa ls vf/dka'k cPpksa dks viuh ckr dks dgdj ;k fy[kdjvfHkO;Dr djuk cgqr eqf'dy yxrk FkkA eSa ,sls dbZ ikap o"kZ ds cPpksa dks tkurk Fkk tks bl ikapoha d{kk dscPpksa ls Hkk"kk esa dgha vf/d lqLi"V FksA dqN cksyus ds fy, dgus ij ;g cPps f>>drs] 'kekZus yxrs vkSjdqN lkiQ badkj dj nsrsA fy[kus ds fy, dgus ij oks dbZ feuVksa rd cSBs dkxt+ dks fliQZ fugkjrs jgrs FksAmuesa ls fdlh ds fy, Hkh mudh jQfp vkSj muds }kjk pqus fo"k;ksa ij vk/k iUuk Hkh fy[k ikuk ,d nq'okjdke FkkA

,dne fujk'k gksus ds ckn eSaus ,d rjdhc [kkst fudkyh vkSj mldk uke fn;k ^fuca/ jsl*A eSaus d{kk dksnks Vheksa esa cka Vk vkSj mUgsa le>k;k fd esjs ^'kq:* dgrs gh oks vius&vius dkxt+ksa ij dqN Hkh fy[kuk 'kq:

dj nsaA oks viuh euet+hZ ls fy[kus dks eqDr Fks ijarq ^dqRrk] dqRrk] dqRrk] dqRrk* ckj&ckj ugha fy[k ldrsFksA oks dksbZ lPph dgkuh] yksxksa ;k LFkkuksa dk o.kZu] ?kVuk,a] bPNk,a] lius & tks th djs fy[k ldrs FksA fgTtsBhd gh gksa] bldh fiQØ mUgsa ugha djuh FkhA tc eSa ^can* dgwa rks lcdks fy[kkbZ rRdky can djds viusfy[ks gq, fuca/ ds 'kCnksa dks fxuuk FkkA ftl Vhe ds lnL; lcls vf/d 'kCn fy[k ik,axs ogh Vhe ^fuca/jsl* esa fot;h gksxhA

blesa eq>s dkiQh liQyrk feyh vkSj muds dbZ dkj.k Hkh FksA igyk vk'p;Z rks ;g Fkk fd ftu nks cPpksaus ckj&ckj lcls vf/d 'kCn fy[ks mudh d{kk ds lcls vliQy cPpksa esa fxurh gksrh FkhA oks rst+ Fks ijrqLdwy esa mUgsa cM+h dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA nksuksa fy[krs le; fgTtksa esa <sjksa xfYr;ka djrs Fksftlds Mj ls mudh fy[kkbZ /heh iM+ tkrh Fkh vkSj fgTts Hkh Bhd ugha gksrs FksA tc oks bl Hk; ls eqDr gksx, rks mUgksaus vius vanj fNih izfrHkkvksa dks ckgj fudkykA

mu nksuksa esa ls ,d NksVk yM+dk dkiQh mRlkgh FkkA oks yach&yach jksekapd dgkfu;ka fy[krk Fkk ftlessa eSa,d izeq[k ik=k gksrk Fkk] tSls% ^ftl fnu feLVj gksYV tsy x,]* ;k ^ftl fnu feLVj gksYV xM~<s esa fxjs]* ;k^ftl fnu feLVj gksYV dqpys x,* vkfnA ;s dgkfu;ka csgn et+snkj gksrh Fkha vkSj tc eSa d{kk esa bUgsa t+ksj lsi<+rk rks lc cPPkksa dks lqudj cM+k et+k vkrkA ,d fnu eSaus cPpksa dks ^fuca/ jsl* fy[kus ds fy, ,dfo"k; lq>k;kA mUgsa ;g lq>ko fcYdqy ilan ugha vk;kA ^igys t+jk fo"k; rks lqu yks]* eSaus muls fourh dh]^ftl fnu Ldwy ty dj jk[k gqvkA*

cPps [kq'kh ls fpYykus yxs vkSj rRdky dke ij yx x,A oks chl feuVksa rd yxkrkj fy[krs jgs vkSjfy[krs le; izlUurk ls galrs jgsA lHkh ds fuca/ ,d&leku FksA fuca/ksa esa lHkh cPps Ldwy dh tyrh bekjrds lkeus ukp jgs Fks vkSj iqLrdksa dks vkx esa >ksad jgs FksA cPps eq>dks vkSj vU; f'k{kdksa dks yxkrkj vkx esals ckgj fudyus ls jksd jgs FksA

gekjh igyh ^fuca/ jsl* esa cPpksa us vkSlru 10 'kCn izfr feuV fy[ks] ij dqN eghuksa ds ckn oks 20'kCn izfr feuV ds fglkc ls fy[kus yxsA lcls /hes cPpksa ds dke esa rhu xquk c<+kSRrjh gqbZA lcls /hesckyd] tks d{kk dk lcls rst+ Nk=k Fkk Hkh 15 'kCn izfr feuV dh xfr ls fy[kus yxk FkkA ij lcls et+snkjckr ;g Fkh fd lHkh cPpksa dks ^fuca/ jsl* esa vkuan vk jgk Fkk vkSj os jkspd ckrsa fy[k jgs FksA

dqN le; ckn eSaus i<+k fd izksiQslj ,l vkbZ gk;kdkok ds u, Nk=kksa dks vaxzsth i<+kus dk blls Hkh csgrjrjhdk bt+kn fd;k FkkA gjsd fnu oks viuh d{kk esa Nk=kksa ls fcuk jQds] vk/s ?kaVs rd fy[kus dks dgrs FksANk=k fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij fy[k ldrs FksA t+:jh 'krZ Fkh fcuk jQds fy[kukA vxj dHkh oks chp esa jQdrs rksmUgsa vius vkf[kjh okD; dh rc rd udy mrkjuh iM+rh tc rd muds fnekx esa dksbZ u;k fopkj ughavkrkA vDlj okD; dh udy djus ls igys gh mUgsa u;k fopkj vk tkrkA eSaus Hkh blh rduhd dk bLrsekyfd;k gS vkSj bl izdkj ds ys[ku dks ^ukWu&LVki* dk uke fn;k gSA dHkh&dHkh eSa Nk=kksa dks ^ukWu&LVki* dkfo"k; nsrk gwa ij T+;knkrj ckj eSa mUgsa euet+hZ ls fo"k; pquus nsrk gwaA 1969 dh lfnZ;ksa esa] cdZyh ds esjsNk=kkas vkSj eSaus Hkh] jkst+kuk 10 ls 15 feuV rd blh izdkj dk ys[ku fd;kA vH;kl ds lkFk gekjs fnekx esafopkj bruh rst+h ls vkrs gSa fd gekjs fy, mUgsa fy[k ikuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA dqN Nk=kksa dks bl izdkj dsys[ku esa cM+k vkuan vkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh eSa muls fy[ks gq, 'kCnksa dks [kqn fxuus dks dgrk gwaA ;g fliQZmudh tkudkjh ds fy, gksrk gS] eq>s crkus ds fy, ughaA dHkh&dHkh cPpksa dks vius ys[k eq>s nsuss iM+rs gSaij vf/drj ;g futh ys[ku muds [kqn ds fy, gh gksrk gSA

;g futh ys[ku dkiQh mi;ksxh fl¼ gq, gSaA vkerkSj ij gjsd vaxzsth dh d{kk esa cPps dsoy mruk ghfy[krs gSa ftruk f'k{kd i<+dj tkap ik,A os mlls T+;knk ugha fy[krs gSaA bldk ,d gh bykt gSA cPps brukvf/d fy[ksa ftls f'k{kd i<+ gh u ik,A tc cPps [kqn vius fy, fy[ksaxs rks os ,slh cgqr lkjh ckrsa fy[ksaxsftUgsa os fdlh dks i<+okuk ugha pkgsaxsA cPps ,slk rc djrs gSa t dqN vaxzsth f'k{kdksa ds vuqlkj] Nk=kksa dsfy, futh ys[ku rHkh mi;ksxh fl¼ gksaxs tc mUgsa f'k{kd tkapsaxsA eSa dbZ dkj.kksa ls blls vlger gwaA igys

rks] vf/dka'k Nk=k] fo'ks"kdj xjhc Nk=k tkaps x, dk;Z dks dHkh i<+rs gh ugha gSa D;ksafd ,slk djuk mckmQvkSj nq[knk;h gksrk gSA nwljs] tkaps gq, dk;Z dks i<+us ls Hkh mUgsaa dksbZ enn ugha feyrh gS vkSj os vkxs dsvius ys[ku esa f'k{kd ds lq>koksa dk lekos'k ugha djrs gSaA ;g rc Hkh lp gksrk gS tc Nk=kksa dks f'k{kd dhckrksa ij fo'okl gksrk gSA

rhljh] ckr lcls egRoiw.kZ gSA ge fy[k dj gh lgh ys[ku lh[krs gSa] vU; yksxksa ds ys[ku laca/h fopkjksadks i<+dj ughaA vxj Nk=kksa dks fdlh pht+ dh l[r t+:jr gS rks oks gS fy[kus ds vH;kl dh] [kkldj mupht+ksa ds fo"k; esa ftUgsa os egRoiw.kZ le>rs gSaA vius egRoiw.kZ fopkjksa dks fy[kus ls Nk=kksa dks cgqr larks"kfeyrk gS vkSj oks bUgsa cgqr izHkko'kkyh vkSj Li"V 'kCnksa esa fy[krs gSaA

vaxzsth vkSj vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds f'k{kd viuk cgqr ewY;oku le; lgh fgTtksa esa yxkrs gSaA ;g O;FkZ dk dkegSA blls dqN ykHk ugha] mYVs uqdlku gh gksrk gSA gesa vius vkils ;g iz'u iwNuk pkfg,] ^Nk=k lgh fgTtsfdl izdkj lh[krs gSa\ tc mUgsa fdlh dfBu 'kCn ds lgh fgTts ugha ekywe gksrs gSa rks os D;k djrs gSa\* eSaus;g iz'u mu reke yksxksa ls iwNk gS tks fgTtksa esa vPNs gSaA gjsd ls eq>s ,d&tSlk gh mRrj feyrk gSA ossrRdky 'kCndks'k dks ugha iyVrs gSa vkSj u gh os dfBu fu;eksa dks ;kn djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA os ml'kCn dks dbZ vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls fy[krs gSa] mUgsa lko/kuh ls ns[krs gSa vkSj muesa ls lcls lgh fgTtksa okys'kCn dks pqurs gSaA vDlj os lgh gksrs gSaA

vPNs ikBd 'kCnksa dh fy[kkbZ dks tkurs gSa] fy[kkbZ ds nkSjku os mUgsa vkRelkr djrs gSaA 'kCnksa ds fcEcmuds efLr"d esa vafdr gksrs gSa vkSj os mu fcEcksa ij fo'okl djrs gSaA cPpksa dks fgTts ;k 'kCnfoU;kl^fl[kkrs* le; ge muesa bl izdkj dh dq'kyrk,a fodflr ugha djrs] mYVs muds fodkl dks jksdrs gSaA

cqjh ckr rks ;g gS fd ge cPpksa esa fgTtksa ;k 'kCnfoU;kl ds ckjs esa fpUrk iSnk djrs gSaA fdlh 'kCn dhxyr fy[kkbZ dks ge ,d vijk/ ekurs gSa vkSj xyrh djus okys dks Hkkjh lt+k nsrs gSaA cgqr ls f'k{kd cPpksaesa ^fgTtksa ds izfr psruk* txkus dh ckr djrs gSaA os Nk=kksa }kjk fy[ks lqanj fucU/ksa esa fy[kkbZ dh pan xfYr;ksads dkj.k mUgsa iQsy dj nsrs gSaA bl rjhds ls mUgsa [kqn gkj dk gh lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA fpark dh voLFkk esagekjh le>nkjh vkSj lq/ ekjh tkrh gSA gjsd O;fDr ;g tkurk gS fd HkkoukRed ncko esa ljy&ls&ljypht+ksa dks ;kn djuk Hkh cgqr eqf'dy gksrk gSA ml le; Hkjld iz;klksa ds ckotwn pht+ksa dks [kkstuk dfBugksrk gSA tc ge cgqr fpafrr gksrs gSa rc ge vius efLr"d }kjk Hksts lans'kksa ij Hkh fo'okl ugha djrsA cgqrls cPps fgTtksa dh xfYr;ka blfy, djrs gSa D;kssafd os vius vuqeku ds lgh gksus ds ckotwn Hkh ml ij;dhu ugha djrsA eSaus vDlj cPpksa ds ys[kksa esa ik;k gS fd os igys 'kCn dks lgh fy[krs gaS vkSj fiQj mlsdkVdj xyrh djrs gSaA

dqN ,slh rjdhcsa gSa ftuls cPps vius efLr"d esa 'kCnksa ds Li"V fcEc cuk ldrs gSaA dqN f'k{kd budkliQyrkiwoZd mi;ksx Hkh djrs gSaA ,d rjhdk gS & gok esa fy[kuk] ;kuh 'kCn dks maxyh ls gok esa fy[kukvkSj mlds fcEc dks ^ns[kuk*A eSaus ikapoha ds cPpksa ds lkFk gok esa ;k fiQj est+ dh lrg ij fy[kkbZ dkijh{k.k fd;kA vf/dka'k cPps blls cgqr mRlkfgr gq,A eq>s vHkh Hkh mudh dqN ckrsa ;kn gSa] ^okLro esa rksogka dqN Hkh ugha gS] fiQj Hkh eq>s fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS!* mldk ,dne tknqbZ vlj gqvkA tc eSa NksVk Fkk rks blizdkj gok esa fy[kuk eq>s cgqr ilan FkkA eSa gok esa ^iSlk] iSlk] iSlk]* blfy, ugha fy[krk Fkk D;ksafd eq>s iSlspkfg, Fks ij blfy, D;ksafd eq>s bl 'kCn dh fy[kkbZ esa et+k vkrk FkkA

,d vkSj rjhdk gS tks cPpkas dks vius efLr"d esa] 'kCnksa ds Li"V fcEc cukus esa lgk;d gks ldrk gSAblesa cPps cgqr rst+h ls 'kCnksa ;k pht+ksa dks ns[krs gaSA blds fy, ,d e'khu Hkh gS & VSfpLVksLdksiA bl e'khuds bruk eagxk gksus ds dkj.k cgqr ls cPps bldk dHkh mi;ksx ugha dj ik,axsA ijarq dqN rhu vkSj ikap] ,oapkj vkSj vkB bap ds iQkWby dkMksaZ }kjk bl e'khu ds izHkko dks iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA vki NksVs dkMksZa ijcPpksa ds ns[kus ds fy, 'kCn fy[ksa] ;k fp=k cuk,aA vki ,d cM+s dkMZ dks NksVs dkMZ ds mQij j[kdj cM+s dks

>Vds ls gVk,a vkSj fiQj NksVs dkMZ dks mlls fNik,aA bl izdkj vki eqÝrh dk VSfpLVksLdksi cuk ik,axs ftllscPpk [kqn dke dj ldsxkA

,d ckj igyh d{kk dks i<+krs gq, eq>s yxk fd os Hkh esjs ikapoha ds Nk=kksa ds tSls gh] fcuk jQds] eqDrys[ku dk vkuan ysaA nksigj ds Hkkstu vodk'k ls pkyhl feuV igys eSaus muls dkxt+ ij isafly ls viuheuet+hZ ls dqN Hkh fy[kus dks dgkA mUgsa ;g ckr ilan vkbZ] ijarq rHkh ,d cPps us fpUrk ds Hkko esa eq>lsiwNk] ^vxj ge lgh rjhds ls fdlh 'kCn dks fy[k u ik,a] rks\*

^mldh fcYdqy fiQØ u djuk]* eSaus dgk] ^rqels ftruk vPNk cu ik, oSlk fy[kukA*mlds ckn dejs esa ,dne 'kkafr Nk xbZA eq>s cPpksa ds psgjs ij fpark vkSj fLFkj isaflysa gh fn[kkbZ nhaA

'kk;n ;g lgh rjhdk ugha FkkA blfy, eSaus dgk] ^vPNk] eSa crkmaxk fd rqEgsa D;k djuk gSA tc dHkh rqEgsadksbZ 'kCn fy[kus esa fnDdr gks rks rqe eq>s crkuk vkSj eSa mls CySdcksMZ ij fy[k nwaxkA*

blls cPpksa dks cgqr lkaRouk feyh vkSj oks dke esa yx x,A tYnh gh cPps 'kCnksa dks fy[kus dk vkxzgdjus yxsA eSa ,d fy[krk bruh nsj esa dksbZ nwljk iwN cSBrkA Hkkstu ds vodk'k rd yxHkx iwjk CySdcksMZ'kCnksa ls Hkj pqdk FkkA jkspd ckr ;g Fkh fd cPpksa }kjk iwNs x, vf/dka'k 'kCn mudh iqLrdksa ds 'kCnksa lsdgha vf/d yacs vkSj dfBu FksA 'kCnksa ds fgTtksa ls eqfDr ikus ds ckn cPps cgqr dfBu vkSj jkspd 'kCnksa dksHkh mi;ksx djus ds fy, ykykf;r FksA

vxys fnu] Ldwy 'kq: gksus ds le; rd] CySdcksMZ ij os 'kCn fy[ks FksA mudks feVkus ls igys eSaus cPpksals dgk] ^ns[kks] eq>s CySdcksMZ ij fy[ks 'kCnksa dks vc feVkuk gh gksxk] ijUrq mUgsa feVkus ls igys eSa dsoymRlqdrk ds dkj.k ;g tkuuk pkgwaxk fd D;k rqEgsa buesa ls dqN 'kCnksa ds lgh fgTts ;kn gSaA*

blds ifj.kke vk'p;Ztud jgsA eq>s yxk fd 'kCn iwNus vkSj bLrseky djus okys cPps dks gh mlds fgTts;kn gq, gksaxs] ckdh cPpksa dks ughaA ijUrq ckdh cPpksa dks Hkh CySdcksMZ ij fy[ks T+;knkrj 'kCn ;kn jgsAmUgksaus mu 'kCnksa dks dSls lh[kk\ 'kk;n tc eSa 'kCnksa dks CySdcksMZ ij fy[k jgk Fkk ml le; cgqr ls cPpkssaus viuk flj mBkdj mUgsa 'kakfr vkSj mRlqdrk ls ns[kkA oks fliQZ 'kCn dh fy[kkbZ dks ns[kuk pkgrs FksA ijarqmu 'kCnksa ds fcEc vkSj mudk mPpkj.k muds fnekx esa vPNh rjg vafdr gks x;k vkSj vxys fnu rd mUgsa;kn jgkA cPpksa ds 'kCnfoU;kl vkSj fy[kkbZ lh[kus dk eq>s ;gh lcls vPNk rjhdk yxrk gSA

vxj Ldwy vkSj f'k{kd cPpksa dh Hkk"kk dks fdlh iqjkus f?kls&fiVs rjhds ls [kjkc dj jgs gksa rks blesaeka&cki D;k dj ldrs gSa\ lcls igys os mUgsa cnyus dk iz;kl djsaA f'k{kdksa dks crk,a fd os [kqn ifjorZuds mRlqd gSaA os vU; ikydksa ls Hkh ppkZ djsa] ikyd&f'k{kd lfefr;ksa esa bu eqn~nksa dks mBk,a] Ldwy dsvaxzsth foHkkx vkSj cPps ds f'k{kd ds lkFk ckrphr djsaA cgqr ls Ldwy vkSj f'k{kd ekrk&firk dh jk; tkuusds bPNqd gksrs gSaA

vxj Ldwyksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks eukuk dfBu gks] rks\ vki vius cPps dks le>k,a fd Ldwy ds dke ls mQcsugha] fujk'k vkSj fpafrr u gksA vki Ldwy dh csodwiQ ekaxksa dks iwjk djus esa cPps dh enn djsa vkSjlkFk&lkFk ?kj esa mls jkspd vkSj oSdfYid lk/u miyC/ djk,aA iqLrdksa ds lkFk cPpksa ds lkFk [kwc ckrphrdjsa vkSj cPps dh ckrksa dks bT+tr vkSj xaHkhjrk ls lqusaA eSa xehZ dh NqfV~V;ka vius pkpk ds lkFk fcrkrk FkkAd{kk dh rqyuk esa dgha vf/d jkspd vaxzsth eq>s muls lh[kus dks feyhA pkpk ds lkFk ckrphr esa mez vkM+sugha vkrh Fkh D;ksafd os esjh ckrksa dks cgqr è;ku ls lqurs FksA

dkyst dk igyk lky iwjk djus ds ckn ,d yM+dh ftls eSa tkurk Fkk us viuh eka dks fy[kk] ^okg! D;kckr gS! t+jk lkspks fd vc eq>s dHkh Hkh vaxzsth ugh i<+uh iM+sxh!* ijarq oks yM+dh vaxzsth dh ,d es/kohNk=k FkhA mls ges'kk ls iqLrdsa i<+us vkSj fy[kus dk 'kkSd FkkA ;g fdruh csdkj vkSj csodwiQh dh ckr gS fdf'k{kd vaxzsth tSls yphys vkSj l`tu'khy fo"k; dks cPpksa ds fy, ,d mckmQ fo"k; cuk nsrs gSaA ge vk'kkdjsa fd blesa dqN ifjorZu gksxk vkSj ge ,d csgrj 'kqjQvkr dh vksj c<+saxsA

1967

O;oLFkk vkSj vO;oLFkk;sy ,ywfe;kbZ eSxt+hu esa] xjhc cfLr;ksa esa Ldwyksa dh i<+kbZ ij ,d ys[k NikA ;sy fo'ofo|ky; ds ,d

iqjkus Nk=k us bl ys[k dks i<+dj viuh izfrfØ;k O;Dr dhA mlh izfrfØ;k dk ,d laf{kIr vkSj lEikfnrva'k uhps fn;k x;k gSA

gekjs Ldwy lksprs gSa fd d{kk esa lh[kuk O;oLFkk dk gh urht+k gSA lp] vly esa bldk mYVk gSA d{kk esacPps tedj 'kksj blfy, epkrs gSa D;ksafd ogka ij mlls dqN vkSj vPNk djus ds fy, gksrk gh ugha gSA cPpsdqN djuk pkgrs gSaA blesa Hkh: cPpksa dks Mj yxrk gSA ij gekjs&vkids 'kgjh cPps] ftUgsa lekt dk Hk; ;kmlls dqN ysuk ugha gksrk] 'kSrkuh djus esa ugha fgpfdpkrs gSaA lPph lh[k fdlh O;ofLFkr izfØ;k dh otg lsugha gksrh gSA

f'k{kd dgrk gS] ^eq>s mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkus okyh iqLrdksa ds ckjs esa ugha irk] dbZ iqLrdksa ds 'kh"kZdksa dkmPpkj.k rd ugha vkrk] cqysfVu cksMZ ij D;k yxkuk gS] mu pkj cPpksa ds lkFk D;k djuk gS tks fliQZ LiSfu'kHkk"kk esa gh cksyrs gSa] ;k fiQj eSa CySdcksMZ ij viuh vLi"V fy[kkbZ dks dSls lq/k:aA* ;g okLrfod leL;k,avo'; gSa] ij D;k budk lek/ku [kkstuk cgqr dfBu gS\ iqLrdas\ cPpksa ls D;ksa u iwNsa mu iqLrdksa ds ckjs esatks mUgksaus dHkh i<+h gSa vkSj tks mUgsa ilan gSaA cPpksa dks vU; D;k pht+sa ilan gSa\ dqN CySd ys[kdksa dhiqLrdksa ls cPpksa dk 'kq: essa ifjp; D;ksa u djk,a\ ;g lq>ko gj txg liQy gqvk gSA 'kCnksa dk mPpkj.k\muls D;ksa u iwNsa\ cqysfVu cksMZ\ D;ksa u ,slh pht+ksa dks fpidk,a ftuesa lcdh jQfp gks\ ykbZiQ vkSj yqduke dh nksuksa if=kdkvksa dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk vad gks ftuesa ,d&nks ugha de&ls&de chl jkspd fp=k ugksaA LiSfu'k cksyus okys cPps\ bu cPpksa ls ckr djus ds fy, D;ksa u dqN LiSfu'k gh lh[ksa\ vxj gesa bucPpksa ls ,d lky esa vaxzsth lh[kus dh vis{kk gS rks f'k{kd dks Hkh FkksM+h cgqr LiSfu'k rks lh[kuh gh pkfg,AgkFk dh fy[kkbZ\ NikbZ D;ksa u djsa\ ;k fiQj vH;kl djsa\ ;k fiQj cPpksa dks bl lPpkbZ ls voxr djk,a fdvf/dka'k o;Ldksa dh fy[kkbZ cgqr [kjkc gksrh gS] vkSj bls lcdh leL;k tSls is'k djsa\

ckn esa oks ^lkewfgd ekSu lgefr dh j.kuhfr* dh ckr djrk gSA fiQj] ^tc cPps d{kk esa fu;a=k.k gkflydjus dk ijh{k.k djrs gSaA* ;g Ldwyh f'k{kdksa dk ,d yksdfiz; feFkd gSA ,d csodwiQh gSA cPps d{kk dksfu;af=kr djus dh ctk, fu;a=k.k ls fudyuk pkgrs gSaA cPps 'kjkjr blfy, djrs gSa D;ksafd os d{kk ls ?k`.kkdjrs gSa vkSj D;ksafd muls ges'kk mckmQ vkSj csodwiQh ds dke djus dks dgk tkrk gSA vU; le>nkj yksxksatSls gh cPps Hkh lh/h ykbu cukdj fiQtwy esa ugha [kM+s jguk pkgrs gSaA gka] dHkh&dHkh ykbu esa [kM+k Hkhgksuk iM+rk gS tSls cl dh ;k fVdV f[kM+dh dh ykbu esaA ijUrq ;gka ij ykbu esa vkxs okys dks igys fVdVfeyrk gSA ijUrq ,d ls nwljh bekjr esa] lh/h ykbu esa py dj tkuk iwjh rjg ew[kZrk gSA fiQysMSfYiQ;k dhcLrh esa dke dj jgh ,d vuqHkoh f'k{kdk us eq>s crk;k fd oSls Ldwy dks lh/h ykbuksa dh ^vko';drk*gksrh gS ijarq mlus cjlksa ls vuns[kk fd;k gSA oks ?kj tkus dh NqV~Vh ds le; cPpksa dks mudh MsLd ij ghcSBus nsrh gSA fiQj dHkh vdsys] dHkh pkj&ikap cPpksa ds lewgksa dks d{kk ls ckgj tkus nsrh gSA d{kk ls fdruscPps ,d&lkFk ckgj tk,axs] ;g muds 'kksj epkus dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djsxkA cPpksa dks ;g rjhdk vf/dokLrfod yxrk gS vkSj mls liQy cukus esa os f'k{kdk dk lg;ksx djrs gSaA vxj cPps cgqr T+;knk 'kksjepk,axs rks dksbZ mudh f'kdk;r djsxk vkSj fiQj os vkSj vf/d eqf'dy esa iQalsaxsA blfy, cPps T+;knk eqlhcr[kM+h ugha djrsA os f'k{kdk ds lkFk dksbZ gksM+ ugha yxkrsA os Hkh f'k{kdk dh rjg gh] d{kk ls fudy dj ?kjtkuk pkgrs gSaA cPpksa dks vxj ge ekSdk nsa rks os cM+s le>nkj gksus dk ifjp; nsrs gSaA

Ldwy dk izca/u ,dne xSjft+Eesnkj vkSj <hyk FkkA mlus f'k{kd dks ;g rd ugha crk;k fd NqfV~V;ka [kRegksus ds ckn mls fdl d{kk dks i<+kuk gksxkA f'k{kd us dgk] ^D;ksafd eq>s cPpksa dh lh[kus dh t+:jrksa ds ckjsesa bruk de irk Fkk blfy, eSaus mUgha ikBksa dks pquk ftUgsa eSa i<+kus esa l{ke FkkA* D;k igys dk nwljs ds lkFk

dksbZ laca/ ugha gS\ cgqr ls f'k{kd ;gh djrs gSaA'kCnfoU;kl ;k fgTts\ fdu 'kCnksa ds fgTts fl[kkus gSa mUgsa tkuus dk lcls vPNk LFkku rks cPpksa ds [kqn

ds ys[k gSaA vxj cPps fy[k ugha jgs gSa ;k fiQj mudh fdlh pht+ esa bruh fnypLih gh ugha gS fd os mldsckjs esa fy[ksa rks ;g ,d vyx gh leL;k gSA ;g fgTtksa dh leL;k ugha gSA f'k{kd ds vuqlkj cPps NBohad{kk ds Lrj dh iqLrds ugha i<+ ik jgs FksA ge fuf'pr :i ls ;g nkok dSls dj ldrs gSa\ gesa ;g Hkh irkgS fd cgqr ls cPps ftUgsa 'kgjh Ldwyksa us i<+us ds v;ksX; ik;k gS njvly o;Ldksa dh iqLrdsa tSls nvkWVk sckbvkSx ziQh vk WiQ e SYdkSe ,Dl] n iQk W;j u sDlV Vkbe vkfn dks vklkuh ls i<+rs gSaA bldk ,d ghlgh rjhdk gSA cPps ds le{k ,slh iqLrdsa] if=kdk,a] ys[k] ;k v[kckj dh dgkfu;ka j[ksa ftuds ckjs esa cPpkdqN tkuuk pkgrk gksA ckdh cPpk [kqn vius vki djsxkA vxj mls lgk;rk dh vko';drk gksxh rks oks mls[kqn [kkstsxkA

oks ,d ?kVuk dk fooj.k nsrk gS tc ,d vPNs ikB esa fo?u iM+kA ^d{kk esa lkjh i<+kbZ vaxzsth esa gks jghFkh ftldk ,d 'kCn Hkh LiSfu'k cksyus okys yM+ds ds iYys ugha iM+ jgk FkkA ml yM+ds us ml le; viuhMsLd dks lkiQ djus dk bjknk cuk;kA* 'kk;n ckyd us ml le; ppkZ dks var djus dk fu.kZ; blfy, fy;kD;ksafd oks mlesa dksbZ Hkkx ugha ys ik jgk FkkA dqN nsj ckn xf.kr dh d{kk esa vkx cq>kus okys Vªd ds vkusds dkj.k fo?u iM+kA D;k vkx cq>kus okys Vªd] iQk;j&fczxsM] ;k oks ljdkjh laLFkk tks vkx cq>kus dk dkedjrh gS fdlh lkFkZd ppkZ dk fo"k; cu ldrs Fks\ D;ksa u ge vkus okys voljksa dks mi;ksx esa yk,a\ vkxyxus ls uqdlku gksrk gS\ fdruk uqdlku\ ,d vkx cq>kus okys dks fdruk osru feyrk gS\ mlds dke dkmi;qDr osru D;k gksxk\ tks vkneh viuh tku ckt+h ij yxkrk gS mls fdruk osru feyuk pkfg,\ iQk;jeSucuus ds fy, cPps dkSu ls iz'u iwNsaxs\ vxj iQkW;jeSu dh tku pyh tk, rks mlds ifjokj dks fdrukeqvkot+k feyuk pkfg,\ ,d ifjokj dks thou;kiu ds fy, fdrus /u dh vko';drk gksrh gS\ vkfnA

oks vkxs dgrk gS] ^esjs cPps viuh ckgj dh tSfdV D;ksa ugha mrkj jgs Fks ;g tkuus esa eq>s dkiQh le;yxkA cPpksa ds vanj ds diM+s iqjkus vkSj iQVs Fks ftllss mUgsa 'keZ eglwl gks jgh FkhA* oks ;g ekywe dj ik;kmlds fy, mls c/kbZA ijarq cPpksa ls tSfdV mrjokus dk f'k{kdksa dks gd dSls feyk\ eSaus cgqr lh d{kkvksadks i<+k;k gS vkSj eSa dHkh Hkh d{kk dh 'kqjQvkr cPpksa ds dksV mrjokus ls 'kq: ugha d:axkA ;g cPpksa dkviuk futh ekeyk gS vkSj vxj eSa mlesa n[ky nwaxk rks cPpksa dk xqLlk gksuk LokHkkfod gksxkA bl ekyes esage cPpksa dks oks bT+tr vkSj vknj D;ksa ugha ns ldrs tks ge fdlh Hkh vU; euq"; dks nsrs gSaA

mlds Nk=kksa us mlls dgk fd oks mUgsa vPNk cukus ds fy, ekjs&ihVsA bl ckr ij eq>s dksbZ 'kd ugha gSAcPpksa dks ;g ckr yksx lkyksa ls crkrs vk jgs gSaA ij mlls ckr lp ugha gks tkrh] vkSj gesa blds ljklj >wBgksus dk irk gksuk pkfg,A tks yksx cPpksa dks ;g ckr lp crykrs gSa os cPpksa ds lkFk cgqr cM+k vU;k; djrsgSa vkSj mUgsa uqdlku igqapkrs gSaA oks vkxs tkdj bl fu.kZ; ij igqaprk gS fd bu cPpksa ds lkFk vknj ls is'kvkuk pkfg,A ijarq ^vknj* dh mldh ifjHkk"kk cgqr fofp=k gSA mlds vuqlkj fdlh dk vknj djus dk erycmls vkns'k nsuk gSA vkns'kksa ds ikyu ij mls iqjQLdkj nsuk vkSj u ekuus ij mls lt+k nsuk gSA laf{kIr esa cPpksads lkFk cjkcjh dk ugha] ij ,d xqyke tSlk O;ogkj djukA bu cPpksa dks oks feyuk pkfg, Fkk tks mUgsa igysugha feykA f'k{kd mUgsa ,d vyx izdkj dk vknj ns ldrk Fkk ftlls cPpksa dks yxrk fd os dksf'k'k ls ,dle>nkj vkSj laosnu'khy balku cu ldrs gSaA fdlh dk vknj djus dk eryc gS mlij fo'okl djukA

oks vkxs dkiQh larks"k ds lkFk ,d ?kVuk dk ft+Ø djrk gSA ,d fnu mlus ikB ls igys ,d cPpksa dksrS;kj djus ds fy, ,d yM+ds dh MsLd dks mBkdj mldk lkjk lkeku t+ehu ij iVd fn;kA eq>s ;gdgkuh csgn viekutud vkSj ?k`f.kr yxhA mlds tokc fd] ^mlls dke cu x;k* ds ckjs esa dsoy ;gh dgldrk gwa fd cgqr lh ckrksa ls dke cu tkrk gSA oSl ukRlh teZuh esa Hkh ^dke curk Fkk*A vxj oks viusvki ls ;g iz'u iwNrk rks csgrj gksrk & U;w;kdZ esa jgus okyk I;wjVks fjdks ds fdlh Hkh le>nkj ckyd dhfeL=k ds iQsjks ds ckjs esa lquus dh jQfp D;ksa ugha gksxhA bu cLrh ds cPpksa ij ftl izdkj dh csgwnk vkSj

fujFkZd f'k{kk Fkksih tk jgh gS mldk o.kZu djus ds fy, eq>s mQij dk mnkgj.k gh lcls mi;qDr yxrk gSaAblesa dksbZ vpjt dh ckr ugha fd cPps mlesa dksbZ jQfp ugha ysrsA oks vkxs fy[krk gS] ^l=k ds 'kq: esa cPpksadh dkfi;ksa dks iQkM+uk] isaflyksa dks rksM+uk] muds lkeku dks MsLd ls mBkdj t+ehu ij iQsaduk] f'k{kdksa }kjkfd;k csgn Øwj vkSj ik'kfod dke yxrkA* ijarq f'k{kdksa dk dke okdbZ esa funZ;h FkkA vkSj vxj cPps mldhekax dj jgs Fks] rks 'kk;n cPpksa dks fdlh vU; O;oLFkk dk vuqHko gh ugha gksxkA D;k dqN fHkUu vkSj csgrjO;oLFkkvksa ls ifjp; djkus dk gekjk drZO; ugha curk gS\ gesa cPpksa dks lRRkk ij fuHkZj gksus ls nwj djukpkfg,A cPpksa dks mudk vkKkdkjh&fonzksgh jksy R;kxuk pkfg, vkSj le>nkj ,oa Lora=k balkuksa tSls viuhft+anxh clj djuh pkfg,A

cPpksa ds fy[kkbZ ds fo"k; dks eSa ;gka ugha ywaxk D;ksafd gjcVZ dksYg dh iqLrd 36 fpYMª au] gkjyse esacPpksa dh fy[kkbZ dh csgn lqanj O;k[;k djrh gSA D;ksafd xjhc cfLr;ksa ds cPps ekud vaxzsth ugha cksy ikrsbl dkj.k os ^ckrphr esa viax* ugha gks tkrsA xjhc cfLr;ksa ds cPpksa dh cksy ikus dh vleFkZrk dks ysdjdbZ ew[kZ ckrsa fy[kh xbZ gSaA esjk vkSj vU; yksxksa dk ;g vuqHko gS fd vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] fo'oLuh;yksxksa ds lkeus ;s cPps] cM+h dq'kyrk vkSj /kjkizokg Hkk"kk esa cksyrs gaSA ij bu cPpksa dk fo'okl thruk dksbZvklku dke ughaA bl fo'okl dks ge okD; ds var esa fojke yxkus ds ljy fu;e fl[kk dj ugha thrldrs gSaA vxj ge v/Zf'kf{kr cPpksa dks fy[kuk fl[kkuk pkgrs gSa rks 'kqjQvkr ds fy, ;g xyr fcanq gksxkA

cgqr ls f'k{kd d{kk eas] cPpksa dks cksyus ds fy, izsfjr ugha dj ikrs gSaA tks cPps f'k{kd tSlh Hkk"kk esaugha cksy ikrs mUgsa f'k{kd uhpk le>rs gSaA fiNys o"kZ eSaus ;sy fo'ofo|ky; esa liQy Nk=kksa dh ,d cSBd esaHkkx fy;kA Ldwy ds lcls fupys Lrj ls mQij mBs bu uo;qodksa us] dbZ ?kaVksa rd dqN O;Ldksa dks viusLdwy dh [kkfe;ksa ds ckjs esa crk;kA lcls vf/d vk'p;Z eq>s mu Nk=kksa dh Hkk"kk ij gqvkA tSls&tSls muuo;qodksa dks yxk fd gesa mudh ckrksa esa xgjh jQfp gS vkSj ge mudk dksbZ ewY;kadu djus ugha vk, gSaoSls&oSls mudk cksyuk dk LVkby cnyrk x;kA tc mUgksaus cksyus dh 'kqjQvkr dh rks mudks le> ikuk gheqf'dy Fkk] ij dqN ?kaVksa ds ckn os cM+s izHkko'kkyh <ax ls cksy jgs Fks vkSj mudh Hkk"kk ekud vaxzsth dsdkiQh lehi FkhA bl izdkj dh ?kVuk dks vuqHko djus dk esjk ;g igyk ekSdk ugha FkkA U;w;kdZ esa yksvjbZLV lkbM ,WD'ku izkstsDV (yhi) esa Hkh eSaus I;wjVks fjdks ewy ds uo;qodksa dks] dqN o;Ldksa ds lkeus viuhleL;kvksa] mEehnksa vkSj vkdka'kkvksa dks O;Dr djrs gq, lquk FkkA bu Ldwy ds MªkWivkmV cPpksa dks lqudj dksbZHkh ugha dg ldrk Fkk fd os Hkk"kk dk izHkko'kkyh mi;ksx ugha tkursA vly esa muds }kjk bLrseky dh xbZHkk"kk ogk¡ ij ekStwn cgqr ls i<+s&fy[ks yksxksa dh rqyuk esa dgha vf/d izHkko'kkyh FkhA

vius ys[k ds var esa eq>s yxrk gS fd bl f'k{kd dks esjs }kjk dgh ckrksa dk dqN vglkl gqvkA oks vkxsfy[krk gS] ^ij tc dHkh Hkh eSaus cPpksa dh euilan jQfp;ksa dh ckr dh rks mudh mRlqdrk tkx mBh vkSjmudk psgjk f[ky mBkA eSa ,d ckj d{kk esa vkWVksckvksxzkiQh vkWiQ eSYdkse ,Dl ysdj vk;kA eSaus cPpksa dkscrk;k fd eSYdkse us viuk cpiuk Ldwy ls dqN nwj gh xjhch esa fcrk;k FkkA iqLrd dk NksVk lk va'k i<+usds ckn gh cPps dwnus yxs vkSj vius iz'u vkSj fVIif.k;ka djus yxsA ¶D;k fcuk fdlh f'k{kd ds eSYdkse usf'k{kk izkIr dh\¸ ¶oks ns[kus esa dSls yxrs Fks ¶mUgsa dgk¡ ij xksyh yxh¸* ,slk yxk fd ftl ckrphr dsvojks/ dk ftØ f'k{kd vkerkSj ij djrs gSa oks iwjh rjg [kRe gks x;k gksA vkxs oks dgrk gS] ^cPpksa dks yxkfd eSa igys lko/kuh ls rS;kj fd;k dksbZ iSdst mUgsa ugha Fkek jgk FkkA cPpksa us bl izdkj mRrj fn;k tSlsmuds fopkj vkSj erksa ls dqN vUrj iM+k gksA* eSa vkf[kjh ckr ij nqckjk cy nwaxk & cPpk s a dk s yxk t Sl smuds fopkj vk S j erk s a l s d qN v arj iM + k g k s A blh dk uke vknj gS] cPpksa ds lkeku dks t+ehu ij iVdukvkSj mudh dkfi;ksa dks iQkM+uk ughaA cPpksa dks ,slk yxs fd muds fopkjksa ls dqN varj iM+ ldrk gSA vxjge yksxksa ds lkFk bl rjg crkZo djsaxs rks pkgsa oks fdlh i`"BHkwfe] jax ;k mez ds gksa] laizs"k.k dh ck/k,a VwVtk,axh vkSj lh[kus dk ekgkSy cusxkA ;gh ckr gekjs gjsd Ldwy esa gksuh pkfg, & ;sy ls ysdj gkjyse rd &ij nqHkZkX;o'k ,slk cgqr de gh gksrk gSA

1968

vlaHko i<+kbZ dks i<+kukdqN lky igys ns'k esa xjhch mUewyu dk dke 'kq: gqvk vkSj fiQj 'kgj dh >qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa vkSj cfLr;ksa

esa c<+ jgs cPpksa ds ckjs esa <sjksa ys[k fy[ks tkus yxsA ;s ys[k dkiQh vthcks&xjhc fdLe ds FksA gesa crk;kx;k fd cfLr;ksa ds cPpksa dks pht+ksa ds uke ugha irk] pht+ksa ds uke gksrs gSa ;g Hkh ugha irk] ;gka rd fdcPpksa dks viuk uke rd Hkh ugha irkA gesa crk;k x;k fd D;ksafd bu cPpksa us dHkh lgh Hkk"kk lquh gh ughagSA muds fopkj vkSj erksa ls dqN varj iM+k gS blfy, os nks&pkj 'kCnksa ds vykok dqN cksy Hkh ugha ldrsgSaA ftu yksxksa us ;s ckrsa fy[kha os xaHkhj vkSj laosnu'khy FksA mUgsa vius fy[ks gjsd 'kCn ij fo'okl FkkA eSaHkh vU; yksxksa dh rjg gh mudh ckrksa ij ;dhu djus yxkA

fdlh cPps dks mldk uke vkrk gS ;k ugha] bldk irk vki dSls yxk,aaxs\ vki eqLdqjkrs gq, uezrk lsmlls iwN ldrs gSa] ^rqEgkjk uke D;k gS\* vxj oks dksbZ tokc ugha nsrk gS rks bldk vFkZ gksxk fd oks viukuke ugha tkurk gSA vxj vki mldk uke igys ls tkurs gksa rks vki mls mlds uke ls cqyk ldrs gSaA vxjoks viuk uke lquus ds ckn Hkh dksbZ gjdr ugha djrk gS] dksbZ mRrj ugha nsrk gS rks vki bl urht+s ijigqapsaxs fd mls viuk uke ugha irkA ;g ljy gSA

ijarq feLVj dksYg vkSj vU; yksxksa us fn[kk;k gS fd rjhdk bruk ljy ugha gksrk gSA vki cPpksa dh gjdrksads vk/kj ij muds ckjs esa dksbZ fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSaA ijarq gks ldrk gS cPpk vkids lkeus dqN Hkh u djusdk eu cuk,A 'kk;n mls Ldwy tSlh vutku txg ij] vutku yksxksa ds lkeus de&ls&de cksyuk vkSjU;wure dke djuk gh Bhd yxsA

eq>s 1943 esa] U;w yaMu esa gqbZ lcejhu vkiQhllZ dh Vªsfuax dh ;kn vk jgh gSA ogka ij ge 270Nk=k&viQlj vius f'k{kdksa ds lkeus cSBs FksA ;s f'k{kd lHkh UkkSlSfud dIrku Fks ftUgsa iz'kkUr egklkxj lsmudh cgknqjh] [;kfr vkSj mPp Vªsfuax ds fy, yk;k x;k FkkA ^ge vki yksxksa dks tkuuk pkgrs gSa]* mUgksaus gelcls dgkA ^vxj vki gesa dHkh vkfiQllZ Dyc esa ns[ksa rks Ñik djds gesa viuk ifjp; vo'; nsa vkSjgels ckr djsaA* dqN Nk=kksa us bl lq>ko ij vey fd;kA vuqHkoh viQljksa us okdbZ esa u, Nk=kksa dk Lokxrfd;k vkSj mUgsa vius jkspd vkSj tksf[ke Hkjs vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa crk;kA muesa ls dqN U;w yaMu esa [kq'k ughaFkkA os nqckjk iz'kkar egklkxj tkuk pkgrs FksA os ges'kk ukjkt+ vkSj v/hj jgrs & pkgsa oks Dykl esa gks] pkgsaVªsfuax okys tgkt+ ijA ftu Nk=kksa dk oks uke tkurs Fks mUgha ij mUgksaus viuk jks"k mrkjkA mudks esjk uke ughairk FkkA tc eSa ogka ls ikl gksdj fudyk rks dsoy ,d gh viQlj esjk uke tkurk FkkA oks Ldwy dk ,dinkf/dkjh Fkk ftldh vuqefr ysdj gh eSa gÝrs ds var esa NqV~Vh ij tkrk FkkA eq>s lko/kuh cjrus dk HkjiwjykHk feykA blfy, blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha gS fd xjhc cLrh ds cPps] ,slh txg ij tgka lHkhvutku gksa dkiQh lko/kuh cjrrs gSaA

gekjs 'kgjksa dh xjhc cfLr;ksa esa fLFkr Ldwy] vius [kjkc ekgkSy ds dkj.k cPpksa dk fodkl de] fouk'kvf/d djrs gSaA mudh dgkuh dks feLVj dksYg us lquk;k gS vkSj mls gesa ckj&ckj lquus dks feysxkA ij eSa;gka ,d vU; fcanq ij t+ksj nsuk pkgrk gwaA feLVj dksYg dh iqLrd lss vkidks yx ldrk gS fd ge ,dfo'ks"k leL;k dh ckr dj jgs gSa & fdl izdkj ge xjhc cPpksa dks izHkko'kkyh <ax ls cksyuk vkSj lk{kjcuk,aA ijarq gekjs lcls vPNs Ldwyksa dh Hkh gkyr dksbZ vPNh ugha gSA muesa ls fudys vf/dka'k cPps] cLrhds xjhc cPpksa dh rjg gh u rks Bhd ls cksy ikrs gSa vkSj u gh viuh euilan pht+ksa ds ckjs esa fy[k ikrsgSaA mUgsa tks fy[kus dk izf'k{k.k feyrk gS oks cgqr gh [kjkc gksrk gSA gj lky vyx&vyx Lrjksa ds Nk=kyk[kksa iUus fy[krs gSaA buesa ls 95 izfr'kr Nk=k viuh fy[kkbZ dh dksbZ ijokg ugha djrs gSaA os dHkh Hkh viuhlPph jk; ugha fy[krs gSa vkSj vxj mUgsa ckè; ugha fd;k tkrk rks 'kk;n oks dHkh fy[krs gh ughaA vaxzsth esages'kk mQaps uacj ikus okyh yM+dh ls eSaus iwNk fd D;k mlus vius iqjkus fuca/ksa dks latksdj j[kk gSA oks esjh

vksj vk'p;Z ls ns[kus yxh] ^Hkxoku ds fy, ;g crk,a] fd eSa mUgsa D;ksa laHkky dj j[kwa\*vkf[kj D;ksa\ loZJs"B dkyst ls Lukrd dh fMxzh ysdj fudys ,d Nk=k us eq>s ijh{kk esa mQaps vad izkIr

djus dk xqj crk;kA ;g Nk=k ,dne lkekU; Fkk dksbZ Økafrdkjh ugha FkkA oks vkSj mlds lHkh lkFkh mQaps vadizkIr djus ds fy, izksiQslj ds gh fopkjksa vkSj erksa dks gh] Hkk"kk cnydj ijh{kk esa fy[k vkrs gSaA vPNs uacjikus dk ;g ,d vpwd rjhdk gSA

Ldwyksa vkSj d{kk esa csiQtwy dh ckrksa ij gh vf/d è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA d{kk eas liQkbZ] dke esa ckjhdh]f'k{kd ds f?kls&fiVs fopkjksa esa vkLFkk dks Lora=k] ekSfyd] bZekunkj fopkjksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d egRo fn;ktkrk gSA vkt Hkh Ldwyksa esa fgTtksa vkSj O;kdj.k dh NksVh&eksVh xfYr;ksa ds dkj.k cPpksa dks iQsy dj fn;ktkrk gSaA fuca/ksa esa cPpksa dh ekSfydrk dk vU; [kwfc;ksa dk dksbZ ewY;kadu ugha gksrkA gky gh esa esjh eqykdkr,d vkB&ukS cjl ds yM+ds dh eka ls gqbZA yM+ds us ,d lkiQ&lqFkjk vPNk fuca/ fy[kk Fkk ijarq fiQj Hkhmls Vhpj us iQsy dj fn;k FkkA dkj.k & cPps us fuca/ dks rhu vyx&vyx jax ds isuksa ls fy[kk FkkA ;g?kVuk ,d ^vPNs* Ldwy esa ?kVhA ijarq Ldwyksa esa cPpksa ds Hkk"kk dks ljy] izHkko'kkyh vkSj lqanj rjhds ls ughami;ksx dj ikus dk ,d xgjk dkj.k gSA ;g lp gS fd dqN vioknksa dks NksM+dj izkFkfed ls ysdj Lukrdrd Ldwy cPpksa ds [kqn ds lksp dh fcYdqy ijokg ugha djrs gSaA Nk=kksa dks D;k i<+uk gS bld ,d ra=kfu.kZ; ysrk gSA izkFkfed vkSj lsd.Mjh ds f'k{kdksa ds eSU;qvy esa Li"V funsZ'k gksrs gSa fd os d{kk esa ppkZ dsnkSjku ^fuEu fcanqvksa dks mHkkj dj lkeus yk,a*A ,slh ppkZ dk D;k eryc gksxk\

vxj gesa cPpksa dh fy[kus dh dq'kyrk dks csgrj djuk gS rks gesa lcls igys ,d ckr lh[kuh gksxhAcPpk Hkk"kk dks ges'kk vius rjhds ls mi;ksx djsxk] oks izHkko'kkyh gks bldh dksf'k'k djsxkA cPpk Hkk"kk dkijh{k.k mu yksxksa ds lkFk ckr djds djsxk tks u dsoy mldh ckr dks lqusa ijarq tks mlds fopkjksa dks HkhxaHkhjrk ls ysaA bldk eryc ;g ugha fd mldh ckr lqurs gh f'k{kd viuk opZLo dk;e djus ds fy,mlds fopkjksa dh /fTt;ka mM+k,aA bl ekeys esa lqdjkr dk rdZ&fordZ dk rjhdk Hkh cPpksa ds fy, xyrvkSj ?kkrd lkfcr gksxkA ftu cqf¼eku cPpksa dks bl rkfdZd nkao&isapksa dk vH;kl ugha gksrk mUgsa ew[kZ o;LdHkh bl okn&fookn esa vklkuh ls gjk nsrs gSaA tks cPps ^'kCnksa* ds bl [ksy esa gkj tkrs gSa oks ;k rks dqN le;ds ckn [ksyuk gh can dj nsrs gSa ;k fiQj o;Ldksa }kjk cuk, fu;eksa ds vuqlkj [ksyrs gSaA gesa blls dqNvyx ckr dks gh ekuuk gksxkA 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx djrs le; cPpk mu yksxksa ls ckr djrk gS ftuij oksfo'okl djrk gS vkSj ftu rd oks igqapuk pkgrk gSA blh rjhds ds mi;ksx ls gh dksbZ uo;qod Nk=k 'kCnksa dkcsgrj bLrseky lh[k ik,xkA bl fcanq ls 'kqjQvkr ds ckn Nk=k dks dqN mi;ksxh rduhdksa dk Kku fn;k tkldrk gSA ijarq ;g vko';d gS fd ge lgh fcanq ls viuh ;k=kk 'kq: djsa ugha rks ge dHkh Hkh izxfr ughadj ik,axsA

,d vafre iz'uA blls D;k iQdZ iM+sxk\ vxj gekjs xjhc cPps] [kkldj CySd&xjhc cPps] vPNh rjg lscksyuk vkSj fy[kuk lh[k Hkh x, rks mlls D;k iQdZ iM+sxk\ D;k geas mUgsa ,slh dq'kyrkvksa dk izf'k{k.k ughansuk pkfg, ftlls mUgsa ukSdfj;ka fey ldsa vkSj os xjhch ds ca/u ls eqDr gks ldsa\ bldk mRrj lkiQ gSAdsoy ukSdjh ds izf'k{k.k ls dke ugha cusxkA gekjs lekt esa ;g furkar vko';d gS fd xjhcksa ds cPps]fo'ks"kdj CySd xjhc cPps 'kCnksa dks dq'kyrk ls mi;ksx dj ik,aA os dsoy dqN ladsr vkSj funsZ'k Hkj i<+usyk;d u cusa ijUrq muesa 'kCnksa }kjk vU; yksxksa dks funsZ'k dh] muls dke djokus dh {kerk fodflr gksAD;ksafd gekjk lekt vc ,d fu.kkZ;d eksM+ ij [kM+k gSA ge ;k rks iw.kZr% la?kfVr lekt dh vksj c<+ ldrsgSa tgka ij dksbZ jax&Hksn u gks vkSj yksxksa dks mudh peM+h ds jax ds vk/kj ij ugha ij[kk tk,_ ;k fiQj geukRlh teZuh ds iQklhoknh lekt] ;k orZeku esa nf{k.k vÚhdh lekt dh vksj vxzlj gks ldrs gSaA laf{kIr esa];g rks vejhdk ds xksjs jaxHksn dks R;kxsa ugha rks tYn gh gekjs lekt dh cph&[kqph balkfu;r Hkh [kRe gkstk,xhA bl dke tks yksx gekjh enn dj ldrs gSa os gSa i<+s&fy[ks CySd yksx ftUgksaus jaxHksn dh izrkM+uk dks

>syk gS vkSj tks gesa mlds izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa Li"V :i ls crk ldrs gSaaA vkt dsoy pan gh CySd izfrfuf/gSaA mudh la[;k fdlh Hkh ifjorZu ds fy, cgqr de gSA tks ckrsa gesa pan ckYMfou] fdax] dkjekbfdy crkrsgSa] mudh ckrsa vxj gt+kjksa] yk[kksa CySDl gesa crk,a rks csgrj gksxkA vxj cgqr ls CySDl ,d&lkFk cksysaxs rksmudh ,d lkewfgd vkokt+ gksxh tks 'kk;n gekjs vanj jaxHksn dh xgjh Hkkoukvksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+us esalgk;d gksxhA rc ge CySDl ds nnZ ds lkFk&lkFk viuh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dks Hkh le>saxsaA i<+kbZ djus ds lkFk ghCySDl vius lkFk vU; xjhc vkSj misf{kr rcdksa dks Hkh laxfBr djds ,d jktuSfrd cy ds :i esa mHkjldrs gSa vkSj gekjs lekt esa dqN vko';d cqfu;knh ifjorZu yk ldrs gSa ftlls] ikSy xqMeSu ds 'kCnksa esa]gekjk lekt 'kfDr'kkyh ugha] ij lH; cusxk ftlesa lHkh yksx ?k`.kk] Hk; vkSj vijk/ Hkko ds fcuk jg ik,axsasA

1967

Hkfo"; ds fy, f'k{kkesjh jk; esa tks gksuk pkfg,] eSa mlds ckjs esa fy[k jgk gwa] u fd tks gksxkA gesa ges'kk ,d lqanj Hkfo"; dh

mEehn djuh pkfg,A oSls vHkh euq"; bruk foosd'khy] nwjn'khZ] nkuh] vkSj fo'oLuh; cuk ugha gS fd oksvius vkidks [kqn ds cuk, nyny esa ls mckj ldsA

nwljk] Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa dqN dg ikuk cM+k tksf[ke Hkjk dke gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkh eSaus mlds ckjs esa fy[kusdh fgEer tqVkbZ gSaA f}rh; egk;q¼ ds ckn gesa ckj&ckj crk;k x;k Fkk fd ;q¼ [kRe gksus ds i'pkr dk ;qxvejhfd;ksa dk gksxk vkSj izR;sd vPNs] /uh vejhds ds fiNokM+s esa ,d gsyhdkIVj gksxk ftlesa oks viuheuet+hZ ds eqrkfcd tgka pkgs tk ldsxkA eSa lcls igys dke ls lacaf/r leL;k dk ft+Ø d:axkA lrgh rkSjij ,slk yxrk gS tSls dke dk uLyokn vkSj 'kakfr ls dqN ysuk&nsuk gh u gksA ijUrq vktdy ukSdfj;ka cgqrde vkSj vfuf'pr gSa vkSj tks gSa Hkh bruh mckmQ gSaA dke dks ysdj gh yksxksa esa tc bruh mRlqdrk vkSj jks"kgS] tks fiQj uLyokn vkSj 'kkfUr dh leL;kvksa dk funku vkSj Hkh eqf'dy gksxkA uLyokn ds dkj.k vkcknh dhleL;k Hkh vkSj tfVy gks xbZ gSA nf{k.k dh /uh ljdkjksa }kjk] vkcknh ij fu;a=k.k yxkus ds lgh dne dklkjh nqfu;k esa fojks/ gks jgk gSA xjhc ns'k bls xksjs yksxksa }kjk] dkys&Hkwjs yksxksa dh la[;k ij vadq'k yxkuss]vkSj bl izdkj mUgsa fu;a=k.k esa j[kus dh lkft'k le> jgs gSaA

vxj ge fo;ruke esa viuh liQyrk dks yk'kksa dh fxurh ls ukiasxs rc xjhc ns'kksa ds ewY;kadu esa Hkh dqNlPpkbZ gksxhA tc geus gh xjhc ns'kksa ij ;q¼ NsM+k gS rks fiQj ge muds T+;knk cPps iSnk djus dh uhfr dksdSls nks"kh Bgjk ldrs gSaA

bl izdkj ds lSdM+ksa vU; laca/ksa dks Hkh <wa<k tk ldrk gSA gesa tks NksVh&NksVh leL;k,a fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSa oksnjvly ,d cM+h leL;k dk va'k gSaA nqHkkZX; ls cM+h leL;k dks ifjHkkf"kr dj ikuk cgqr gh eqf'dy gksxkAmldh ppkZ ge dsoy NksVh&NksVh leL;kvksa }kjk gh dj ik,axsA

ge mudh dSls lwph cuk,a\ 'kk;n lcls igys mUgha leL;kvksa dks fxuk tk, ftuls iwjk fo'o izHkkforgksrk gS tSls & 'kakfr vkSj uLyoknA mlds ckn ge mu leL;kvksa dks ysa tks gekjs fo'ks"k lekt dks izHkkfordjrh gSa tSls & dke vkSj vkjke] fiQtwy[kphZ vkSj i;kZoj.k ,oa Lora=krkA dqN dks ,slk yx ldrk gS fd eSavius ewy fo"k; ls HkVd x;k gwaA f'k{kk ij ppkZ ds le; ge HkhM+ okyh d{kkvksa] f'k{kdksa dh deh] iqjkuhbekjrksa] /u dh deh] 'kS{kf.kd l=k vkSj 'kSf{kd rduhdksa vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSaA eSaus bu lc ckrksa dks vyxj[k fn;k gS D;ksafd esjh jk; esa leL;k,a f'k{kk dh ugha] 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa dh gSaA ;g lc ckrsa ek=k lk/u gSa]mn~ns'; ugha gSaA Ldwy dSls dke djsa bls gesa ;gka ugha lkspuk gSA Ldwyksa dk dke D;k gks\ f'k{kk dk nqfu;kdh vU; leL;kvksa ls D;k laca/ gks\ gesa bu fo"k;ksa ij euu&fparu djuk gSA

'kkafr

gesa ckj&ckj ;g yx jgk gS] vkSj blh ckr ij ge fo'okl dj jgs gSa fd 'kakfr cuk, j[kus ds fy, vkSjvk.kfod ;q¼ Vkyus ds fy, gesa ^vkrad dk larqyu* cjdjkj j[kuk gksxkA bl xfrjks/ ds dkiQh vPNs urht+sfudys gSa] ,sls ifj.kke ftudh 'kakfr ds dk;ZdrkZ dHkh vk'kk Hkh ugha dj ldrs FksA ijarq blij ges'kk ds fy,Hkjkslk djuk ,d Hkkjh ew[kZrk gksxhA gesa viuh nqfu;k esa dqN cqfu;knh ifjorZu ykus gksaxs ftlls fd fo'o dhleL;kvksa vkSj mlesa ekStwn xSjcjkcjh dk lek/ku fudy ldsA blds rhu izeq[k dkj.k gSaA igyk] rduhdhmUufr ls] ;q¼ dk xfrjks/ dHkh Hkh [kRe gks ldrk gSA nwljk] ftls cgqr ckj nksgjkvk x;k gSA tSls&tSls vU;ns'kksa ds ikl vk.kfod gfFk;kj vk,axs oSls&oSls vk.kfod xfrjks/ vfLFkj gks tk,xkA ge ;g fuf'prrk ls ughadg ldrs gSa fd phuh] fgUnqLrkuh] ikfdLrkuh] bljkby vkSj vjc ns'k] ;k dkys vkSj xksjs yksxksa }kjk 'kkflrvÚhdk ds ns'k vius vk.kfod gfFk;kjksa dk] :l tSlh lko/kuh ls gh mi;ksx djsaxsA rhljs dkj.k dks dHkhO;Dr gh ugha fd;k x;k gSA vejhdk vkSj :l dks ;q¼ ls nwj j[kus dk iwjk Js; vk.kfod xfrjks/ dks fn;ktkrk gSA ijarq lPpkbZ ;g gS fd ,slk dksbZ eqn~nk gh ugha gS ftlij ;g nksuksa ns'k vkil esa yM+saA 'kq: ls ghbu nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ,d vokLrfod yM+kbZ Fkh tks vlyh eqn~nksa ij vk/kfjr ugha FkhA bldk dkj.k nksuksans'kksa ds usrkvksa dk ,d&nwljs ij 'kd djuk vkSj mlls Hk;&=kLr gksuk FkkA

f}rh; egk;q¼ ds ckn jhMlZ Mk;tsLV if=kdk esa Nik ,d ys[k eq>s ;kn gSA mldk 'kh"kZd Fkk] ^vejhdkvkSj :l ds chp 'kakfr D;ksa cuh jgsxh*A ys[k ds vuqlkj nksuksa ns'kksa dks ,d&nwljs dh t+ehu vkSj lk/uksa dht+:jr ugha gSA nksuksa ns'kksa dh lhek,a vyx&vyx gSa ftlls yM+kbZ dh laHkkouk de gks tkrh gSA nksuksa ns'kksa dsfgr Hkh yxHkx ,d&tSls gksus ds dkj.k Hkh tax dh xqatk;'k de gks tkrh gSA ;g ys[k dkiQh lgh FkkA ;q¼dh leL;k Hkh"k.k vkosx ls iSnk gqbZ vkSj vkosx ds de gksus ds ckn mls fu;a=k.k esa j[kk tk ldkA

rhljs egk;q¼ dk [krjk dgha vkSj gSA ;g [krjk le; ds xqt+jus ds lkFk de ugha gksxkA ;g [krjk muyksxksa ls iSnk ugha gksrk tks FkksM+h lh nsj ds fy, ,d&nwljs ls :B tkrs gaSA ;g [krjk dkYifud dkj.kksa ls ughaij nqfu;k esa vlyh xSjcjkcjh vkSj leL;kvksa ds dkj.k gSA 1969 esa yxrk gS fd nqfu;k nks vyx&vyx [kseksaesa caV xbZ gSA fo'o ds vf/dka'k yksx igys [kses esa gSaA ogk¡ xjhc vkSj v'osr yksx jgrs gSSa tks gj lky vkSjxjhc gksrs tkrs gSaA nwljs [ksesa esa ckdh yksx jgrs gSa] /uh vkSj xksjs yksxA ;gh nksuksa [kseksa ds chp eueqVko dk,d vge dkj.k gks ldrk gS] ijUrq blds vykok vkSj Hkh gSaA geus viuh vf/dka'k nkSyr dks] cy ;k Nyds t+fj, v'osr yksxksa ls Nhuk gS vkSj vc bl /u dks ge mUgsa okfil nsus dks rS;kj ugha gSaA nwljh vksj genqfu;k ds lalk/uksa dks lky&nj&lky vf/d rst+h ls fuxy jgs gSaA gekjs /uh gksus ds dkj.k nwljs yksx xjhcgks jgs gSaA var esa] lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr gS fd /uh] xksjs yksx uLyoknh gSaA vf/dka'k xksjs] v'osr yksxksa ls ?k`.kkdjrs gSa] Mjrs gSa vkSj uiQjr djrs gSaA

;g ,slh fLFkfr ugha gS tks le; ds lkFk csgrj gksxhA ;FkkfLFkfr Hkh ugha cuh jgsxhA vxj lHkh v'osr ns'ku, vÚhdh ns'kksa ds leku gh xjhc vkSj vlaxfBr gq, rks oks vkus okys Hkfo"; esa cgqr le; rd xjhc]vf'kf{kr vkSj lRRkkghu cus jgsaxsA mUgsa Hkh nf{k.k vÚhdk ds vf/dka'k v'osrksa tSls nckdj j[kk tk,xkA ijbruk gh dkiQh ugha gSA nwljh rjiQ phu Hkh gSA phu ds vykok vU; dbZ ns'k gSa ftuds ikl fdlh fnu viusvk.kfod] jklk;fud vkSj thok.kq gfFk;kj gksaxsA blls nqfu;k esa ;q¼ dh jsl fNM+ tk,xh ftldh ifj.kfr ;k rksfdlh Hk;kud vk.kfod foLiQksV esa gksxh ;k fiQj yacs vlsZ rd pyus okys fo;ruke ;q¼ tSlh gksxhA

blls cpus ds fy, vkSj LFkkbZ 'kkafr ds fy, ge vius HkkX; vkSj vk.kfod xfrjks/ ij Hkjkslk ugha djldrsA gesa uLyokn dks [kRe djuk gksxk vkSj nqfu;k ds lalk/uksa dks lgh rjhds ls ckaVuk gksxk ftlls nqfu;kesa xjhch [kRe gksA gesa fo'o ds vf/dka'k vk.kfod ,oa vU; gfFk;kjksa dks Hkh u"V djuk gksxk vkSj jk"Vªh;,oa varZjk"Vªh; erHksnksa ds lek/ku ds fy, ;q¼ ls vyx dksbZ lH; rjhdk [kkstuk gksxkA bl dk;Z dks iwjkdjus esa dkiQh oDr yxsxk vkSj fo'o 'kakfr dks blds iwjs gksus rd bart+kj ugha djuk pkfg,A ij bl dk;Z dksiwjk djus ds fy, xaHkhjrk ls dke djuk pkfg,A

bl dk;Z dk f'k{kk ls D;k ysuk&nsuk gS\ gesa vius Ldwyksa esa ,d ,slh ih<+h dks rS;kj djuk gS tgk¡ ls

fudys ukxfjdksa esa bl dk;Z dks djus dh le> gks vkSj muesa dqN ,sls fo'ks"kK fudysa tks bl dke dksxaHkhjrk ls djsaA ijUrq bls djuk rks ljy gS_ vlyh dke rks blls fcYdqy fHkUu gSA mldk fo"k;&oLrq]ikB~;Øe vkSj lh[kus ls dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA mldk lEcU/ balkuksa ds fny vkSj mudh Hkkoukvksa ls gSA ,dckj ^f'k{kk vkSj 'kakfr* ij fuca/ esa eSaus fy[kk Fkk fd%

'kakfr ds gekjs reke iz;kl rc rd foiQy gksaxs tc rd ge ;q¼ ds ewy dkj.k dks ugha le>saxsA ;q¼ dkdkj.k oks yksx gSa tks vius thou esas jkst+ejkZ bdV~Bs gqbZ fujk'kk] tyu] Hk;] xqLls] uiQjr vkfn ds fy, vU;yksxksa vkSj ns'kksa dks nks"kh Bgjkdj mUgsa cyh dk cdjk cukrs gSaA tks vkneh vius dke] vius ekfyd] viusiM+kslh ls uiQjr djrk gksxk oks viuh Lora=krk] dq'kyrk] vkRelEeku ds vHkko ds fy, vU; yksxksa dks d"Vigqapkus vkSj ekjus dk dke djsxkA

bl le; dh lcls cM+h pqukSrh cPpksa dks ,sls fodflr djuk gS tks o;Ld cuus ij fdlh dks uqdlkuigqapkuk ugha pkgsaA gesa bl ckr dks Lohdkj djuk pkfg, fd ijaijkxr f'k{kk us bl leL;k dks gy djuk rksnwj] blls tw>us dh dHkh dksf'k'k Hkh ugha dh gSA mlus ges'kk bldh foijhr fn'kk esa gh dke fd;k gSAijaijkxr f'k{kk us ges'kk cPpksa dks ,sls o;Ld cukus dk iz;kl fd;k gS tks vius usrkvksa ds dgus ij vU;yksxksa dks viuk nq'eu ekusa] muls uiQjr djsa vkSj mUgsa ekjus dh dksf'k'k djsaA dqN lekt ,sls gSa tgka cPpksaesa 'kq: ls gh uiQjr] nq'euh] ?k`.kk vkSj ;q¼ ds cht ugha ckss, tkrs] tgka gjsd vtuch dks nq'eu ugha le>ktkrk gSA ijarq ;gka ij Hkh cPpksa dks ;g uSfrd f'k{kk ugha nh tkrh gS fd tSlk crkZo ge vius iM+ksfl;ksa dslkFk djsa oSlk gh O;ogkj gesa lEiw.kZ ekuork ds lkFk djuk pkfg,A

ftl uSfrd lafgrk ds lkFk yksx thrs gSa mlesa ges'kk cp fudyus dk ,d fu;e gksrk gS] ftldk mYys[kcgqr Li"V :i esa ugha gksrkA ,d rjg ls ;g uSfrd lafgr gekjs nl /ekZns'kksa dh rjg gh gS tks dgrs gSa fd%rqe fdlh dks tku ls ugha ekjksxs] rqe pksjh ugha djksxs] rqe fdlh dh pht+ dks [kjkc fu;r ls ugha ns[kksxs]rqe >wBh xokgh ugha nksxs vkfnA ijarq bu /ekZns'kksa esa vkxs ,d ckr vkSj tqM+h gksrh gSA ;g fu;e] dkuwu dsoyvius gh yksxksa ij] viuh uLy] vius jkT;] vius /eZ ds yksxksa ij gh ykxw gksaxsA ij tc ge vU; yksxksas]vtufc;ksa dh] nwljs /eZ ds yksxksa dh] ukfLrdksa dh ckr djsaxs rc vki bu vkpkj&lafgrk dks Fkwd dj tkspkgsa djus dks Lora=k gksaxsA rc >wB] pksjh] /ks[kk/M+h] dRy] u"V] vR;kpkj lc ekiQ gksaxs vkSj vki ftrukvf/d dgj <k,axs mruk gh vPNk gksxkA (tc eSaus ;g fy[kk ml le; rd vejhdk ds xksjs yksxksa usfo;ruke ds enZ] vkSjrksa vkSj cPpksa ij ukike vkSj liQsn iQkliQksjl tSls Hkh"k.k dkfrykuk jlk;u dks iQsadukugha 'kq: fd;k FkkA ml le; eq>s yx jgk Fkk fd vejhdk okfg;krh dh bl xrZ rd ugha fxjsxkA)

balkuh lektksa dks vHkh rd yksxksa ds vR;kpkj djus dh bPNk & balkuh nq"Vrk ds bl i{k ls tw>us dkvolj ugha feyk FkkA ,d lhfer nk;js esa vkpkj&lafgrk us Bhd&Bkd dke blfy, fd;k D;ksafd nqfu;k esages'kk ,sls yksx Fks ftuls vki fny Hkj dj uiQjr dj ldrs Fks vkSj ftUgsa vki tks pkgsa d"V igqapk ldrsFksA vkpkj&lafgrk ls fudyus ds }kj ds ckotwn balkfu;r blfy, vkxs c<+h D;ksafd nq'euksa dks] vtufc;ksa dksekjus ds fy, euq"; ds ikl rc cgqr lhfer lk/u Fks vkSj euq"; tkfr viuk vf/dka'k le; thou;kiu dslk/uksa dks tqxkM+us esa gh [kpZ djrh FkhA

ij vc ;g lc dqN cny pqdk gSA gt+kjksa] yk[kksa] djksM+ksa yksxksa dks dRy djuk] i`Foh ij lc thoksa dks[kRe djus dh {kerk vc gkFk esa gSA vkSj ;g gfFk;kj cgqr eagxs Hkh ugha gaSA tks vkneh viuh fta+nxh dhdksbZ dnz ugha djrk mlds fy, fdlh Hkh thou dk dksbZ ewY; ugha gksrkA oks vxj vius fiNokM+s esa ce ucuk ik, ijarq oks oksV ls] ;k mlds fcuk Hkh viuh ljdkj dks cEc cukus vkSj mldk mi;ksx djus ds fy,mdlk ldrk gSA gesa balkfu;r dks iwjh rjg rckg djus ds fy, vf/d bPNk 'kfDr dh vko';drk ugha gSAbu lHkh ?kkrd ceksa vkSj gfFk;kjksa dks u"V djus vkSj mudk dHkh Hkh fuekZ.k ugha gksus nsus ds fy, cgqr lsyksxksa dks lkewfgd vkSj vFkd iz;kl djuk gksxkA tks yksx blesa lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ugha fuHkk,axs] oks bl dke esajksM+k cusaxs vkSj /hjs&/hjs djds iwjh ekuork vkSj iwjk lalkj e`R;q dh dxkj ij vk [kM+k gksxkA

bl i`"BHkwfe esa ge lejfgy ds laLFkkid ,- ,l- uhy dh nyhy ij ut+j MkysaxsA uhy ds vuqlkj f'k{kkdk lcls egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gS ,sls yksxksa dks cukuk tks vius thou ls [kq'k gksaA bl nyhy dks ge HkkoukRedet+kd u le>dj bls xaHkhjrk ls ysaA euq";rk ds thfor jgus ds fy, gesa ,sls yksx cukus gksaxs tks viusthou dks laiw.k :i esa thuk pkgrs gksa] tks vius thou dks lkFkZdrk vkSj [kq'kgkyh ls Hkjuk pkgrs gksaA blfy,;g csgn vko';d gS fd ge ?kj esa vkSj Ldwy esa cPpksa dks Lora=krk] vkRelEeku vkSj vknj nsaA

blfy, vxj ge 'kkfUr ds fy, izHkko'kkyh <ax ls dke djuk pkgrs gSa rks mlds fy, gesa fdlh ,dfo'ks"k lh[kus dh i¼fr dh t+:jr ugha gSA gesa vko';drk gS vius fny vkSj fnekx dks [kksyus dh] muesa,d xq.kkRed ifjorZu ykus dhA /uh ns'kksa }kjk gj o"kZ xjhc ns'kksa ds fodkl esa deh djus dk dkj.k mudhvKkurk ugha] cfYd mudh bPNk 'kfDr dk vHkko gSA nqfu;k esa rduhdksa vkSj lk/uksa dh deh ugha] laosnukvkSj gennhZ dk vHkko gSA vkSj bu Hkkoukvksa dk Ldwy esa fodkl ugha gksrk gSA ge cPpksa dks Mjk&/edk dj]ltk nsdj] vU; cPpksa ds lkFk muls pht+sa ckaVus dks dg ldrs gSaA ijUrq blls cPpksa esa vkSjksa ds izfrlgkuHkwfr iSnk ugha gksaxhA Ldwyksa esa Lora=krk] vknj vkSj fo'okl dk okrkoj.k iSnk djds gh ge cPpksa esalPph n;kyqrk vkSj lgkuHkwfr fodflr dj ik,axsA

uLyokn:l vkSj baXyS.M esa uLyokn viuk flj mBk jgk gSA ;g nqfu;k ds /uh] xksjs ns'kksa ds fy, ,d xaHkhj

leL;k gSA 'kk;n gh nqfu;k dk dksbZ ,slk xksjk ns'k gks tgk¡ ;g leL;k ekStwn u gksA tgka T+;knk v'osr yksx gSaogka ;g leL;k fodjky :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA vejhdk esa fo'ks"k rkSj ij ;g leL;k dkiQh xaHkhj gS]blfy, ugha D;ksafd vejhdk lcls vf/d uLyoknh ns'k gS cfYd blfy, D;ksafd vejhdk lcls /uh vkSj'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª gSA iz'u ;g gS% ge uLyokn dkss var djus ds fy, f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa D;k djsa\ blds fy,lqizhe dksVZ] uLyokn dk fojks/ djus okys lHkh xksjs] vkSj lHkh CySDl dh ,d mRrj ij lgefr gS% Ldwyksadks la?kfVr (baVsxjsV) djus ijA (bls eSaus 1965 eas fy[kk FkkA ijUrq rc ls le; cnyk gSA blds fy, vxysnks i`"B i<s+aA) eSa vU; yksxksa dh vis{kk bl dke dks rRdky gksrs ns[kus dk bPNqd gwaA gks ldrk gS fd esjsdkj.k vU; yksxksa ls dqN fHkUu gksaA

vxj vki baVsxjsfVM f'k{kk esa fo'okl djus okys fdlh O;fDr ls iwNsaxs fd Ldwyksa esa D;kas baVsxjs'ku gksukpkfg, rks vkidks ;g tokc feysxk] ^D;ksafd mlds fcuk uhxzks cPpksa dks dHkh leku Lrj dh f'k{kk ugha feyik,xhA* eq>s bl dkj.k ds lcls egRoiw.kZ gksus ij 'kd gSA eq>s ;g rdZ lp ugha yxrk gSA gesa vius xksjscPpksa ds fy, lcls igys baVsxjs'ku pkfg, u fd uhxzks cPpksa ds fy,A bl ns'k esa uLyokn xksjs yksxksa dhchekjh gS] uhxzks yksxksa dh ughaA vxj bl chekjh dks geus iuius fn;k rks ,d fnu ;g uklwj cudj gekjhLora=krk dks u"V dj nsxh vkSj ge uLyokn ds ;q¼ esa >ksad nsxhA blh fy, xksjs yksxksa dks bl chekjh dkbykt djuk pkfg,A bldk 'kk;n ,d gh rjhdk gSA ge ,d&nks ihf<+;ksa dks bl izdkj dh f'k{kk nsa tksuLyokn ds ok;jl ls eqDr gksaA blds fy, ;g csgn t+:jh gS fd lHkh xksjs cPps cM+s gksus ds lkFk&lkFkyxkrkj uhxzks cPpksa ds laidZ esa vk,aA vxj ge bl n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[ksa rks gesa lkiQ yxsxk fd ;g leL;k cgqrvf/d uhxzks cPps gksus dh ugha] 'kk;n cgqr de uhxzks cPps gksus dh gSA

eq>s uhxzks cPpksa ds fy, baVsxjsfVM f'k{kk lcls vPNk gy ugha yxrkA eq>s yxrk gS cgqr yacs vlsZ lsvejhdk esa xksjs yksxksa vkSj uhxzks yksxksa ds chp ds fj'rs ,d /uh vkSifuosf'kd lRrk vkSj ,d xjhc]vfodflr] 'kksf"kr ns'k ds chp ds jgs gSaA varj dsoy bruk gS fd ;gka ij nks vyx ns'k ugha gSaA ;gka xksjsvkSj uhxzks ,d gh ns'k esa gSaA gky esas dbZ o"kksZa ls uhxzks iz;kljr jgs gSa fd xksjs mUgsa ns'k ls iyk;u djdsmuds ekr`&ns'k esa tkus nsaA ijarq ;g iz;kl vliQy jgk gSA uhxzks yksxksa dks vc lkiQ rkSj ij yx jgk gS fdmUgsa muds vfodflr ns'k dks NksM+us ugha fn;k tk,xkA muds ikl vc ,d gh fodYi cprk gS fd os viusns'k dk fodkl djsaA ijarq baVsxjsfVM Ldwyksa esa] uhxzks cPpksa dks ftl izdkj dh f'k{kk feysxh mlds }kjk oks bl

dk;Z dks iwjk dj ik,axs bl ckjs esa 'kd gSAeq>s ,d mnkgj.k ;kn vkrk gSA f}rh; egk;q¼ ds ckn fo'o jktuhfr ij <sjksa iqLrdsa NihaA muesa ls

vf/dka'k iqLrdksa dks cnyrs ?kVukØeksa us iQkSju xyr lkfcr fd;kA ijUrq ,d iqLrd us ml dky dks csgnlqanj <ax ls fpf=kr fd;kA bl iqLrd dks ,MeaM Vsyj us fy[kk gS vkSj bldk uke gS fjpj ckb Z ,f'k;kAgjsd 'kakfr pkgus okys balku dks bls i<+uk pkfg,A blds ,d ;knxkj va'k esa Vsyj] ,d ukStoku Hkkjrh;MkDVj ds lkFk gq, okrkZyki dks fy[krs gSaA if'pe esa feyh Vsªfuax us ml MkDVj dks Hkkjr esa yksxksa dh lsokdjus ds fy, v;ksX; cuk fn;k FkkA Hkkjr tSlk xjhc ns'k if'peh nokvksa dh dher dk cks> ugha mBk ldrkFkkA gk¡] CySd vejhdk Hkkjr ftruk rks vfodflr ugha gS] ijUrq fiQj Hkh ogka dh xjhc mu eagxh nokvksa dks[kjhnus esa vleFkZ gksaxs] ftUgsa vejhdh xksjs vklkuh ls [kjhnrs gSaA vejhdk dks lgkuqHkwfr okys MkDVjksa dht+:jr gS & ,sls lkekU; MkDVjksa dh tks ?kj&?kj tkdj jksfx;ksa dk bykt djsa vkSj muls cgqr mQaph iQhl uolwysaA

vejhdk ds 'kgjksa vkSj xkaoksa esa] vf/dka'k uhxzks] xjhc cfLr;ksa vkSj >qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa esa jgrs gSaA bu cfLr;ksadks dkSu Bhd djsxk] jgus yk;d cuk,xk\ lkiQrkSj ij xksjs blds fy, /u ugha nsaxs] vkSj uhxzks yksxksa ds ikloSls gh /u dk vHkko gSA blfy, vU; vfodflr ns'kksa ds yksxksa dh rjg gh] uhxzks ykskxksa dks Hkh reke dk;ksZatSsls & fcfYMax cukuk] O;kikj vkSj cSad pykuk] [kqn dks vkSj vius cPpksa dks f'k{kk nsuk vkfn dkeksa dksde&dher esa [kqn djuk lh[kuk gksxkA D;k oks ;g dj ik,axs\ D;k oks xksjs vejhdh Ldwyksa esa ;g lcdq'kyrk,a lh[k ik,axs\ eq>s ;g lEHko ugha yxrkA 'kk;n dqN FkksM+s ls uhxzks] 'kgj ls nwj ds bykdksa esa dksbZedku [kjhnsaA oSls xksjs bl ij Hkh vkifRr mBk,axsA ijarq ,slk gksus ls ckdh uhxzks yksx ogha ds ogha vdsys]igys tSls usr`Ro foghu jg tk,axsA laf{kIr eas xksjs Ldwy pan ckgj ls vk, uhxzks yksxksa dks vo'; izf'kf{kr djsaxsijarq ;s yksx usr`Ro dk Hkkj ugha mBk,axsA

eq>s yxrk gS fd Ldwyksa vkSj leqnk;ksa esa baVsxjs'ku }kjk gekjs lekt esa uLyokn dh leL;k dk var ughagksxkA esjh jk; esa baVsxjs'ku vc ,d vlEHko vkSj vumi;ksxh mik; gSA vYidky esa mlds mn~ns'; Hkh 'kk;nlgh ugha gSaA uhxzks yksx vius fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, baVsxjs'ku dks ugha pkgrs gSaA vf/dka'k xksjs yksxbaVsxjs'ku dks cnkZ'r ugha djsaxs vkSj mls cUn djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh tqeZ djus dks rS;kj gkssaxsA

gesa ,d fcYdqy vyx pht+ ds fy, dke djuk pkfg,A 'kq: dk ^esfYVax ikSV* (miQurh dM+kgh) okykvejhdh vkn'kZ] fjpj ckb Z ,f'k;k ds ys[kd Vsyj ds vuqlkj /hjs&/hjs djds fo'o Lrj ij vc ^lkaLÑfrdmifuos'kokn* cu x;k gSA Vsyj dh jk; esa fo'o esa rc rd 'kkfUr ugha gks ldrh gS tc rd if'pe ds ns'kvius vkidks ^lkaLÑfrd mifuos'kokn* ls eqDr ugha djrs vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu laLÑfr;ksa ds lkFk lkSgknZiw.kZ <ax lsthuk ugha lh[krsA vejhdh nf{k.k&iafFk;ksa dh fiz; dkuwu&O;oLFkk dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, Hkh vc lekt esa'kakfr] Lora=krk vkSj U;k; dk gksuk vfuok;Z gks x;k gSA ;gk¡ ij vc vejhdh thou i¼fr dh ckr djuk ghxyr gksxk D;ksafd cgqr de yksxksa dks gh ;g miyC/ gSA vc gesa vejhdh i¼fr;ks a dh ckr djuh gksxh]ftlesa ,d gh ns'k esa vyx&vyx laLÑfr;ka lkFk&lkFk ,d&nwljs dk vknj djrs gq, iQysaxh&iQwysaxh vkSj tgkadkuwu O;oLFkk lHkh dks leku lqj{kk iznku nsxhA ;s vyx&vyx laLÑfr;ka ckn esa dHkh ,d&nwljs esa feytk,axh] ;k ugha] ;g esjs fy, dguk eqf'dy gksxkA eq>s vius thoudky esa ,slk gksuk laHko ugha yxrk gS] vkSju gh eSa ,slk gksus ds i{k esa gwaA ;g iz'u vHkh cgqr nwj gSA vxj ge ,d cgq&laLÑrh; lekt cuk ldsaftlesa uhxzks vkSj vU; yksxksa dh thou i¼fr dk dkuwu leku :i ls vknj djs] rks ;g dke gh gesa cgqrle; rd O;Lr j[ksxkA

eq>s yxrk gS fd tks uhxzks yksx vius cPpksa dks xksjs cPpksa ds lkFk Ldwy Hkstuk pkgrs gSa mUgsa ,slk djusnsuk pkfg, vkSj xksjksa dks] uhxzks yksxksa ds bl vf/dkj dks ekuuk pkfg,A ij ,d ckr blls Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSAD;ksafd uhxzks cPps yEcs le; rd] muds fy, vyx ls cus fo'ks"k Ldwyksa esa tk,axs blfy, uhxzks leqnk; dks

gh mUgsa fu;af=kr djuk pkfg,A geus cgqer ls xksjs vejhdk esa dkys yksxksa dks ?kqlus u nsus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSvkSj uhxzks yksxksa dks ,d vyx ns'k esa j[kk gSA blfy, vc gesa rhu lkS lky iqjkus bl mifuos'k dk 'kks"k.kcan djuk pkfg, vkSj mls viuh t+:jrksa ds fglkc ls fodflr gksus nsuk pkfg,A

dke vkSj vkjkeeSa ;gka dke dks vke vkneh ds lanHkZ esa mi;ksx dj jgk gwa & ftls vki /u dekus ds fy, djrs gSaA

Hkfo"; esa dke ds laca/ esa nks ckrsa Li"V gSaA /hjs&/hjs dke de gksxk vkSj tks gksxk Hkh oks Hkh dke tSlk deyxsxkA yksx vius thou dks dke }kjk gh ifjHkkf"kr djrs FksA igys] dke ds yk;d gksus ds dkj.k vU; yksxmuls dke djokrs Fks vkSj dHkh&dHkh mUgas dke ds fy, iSls Hkh nsrs FksA nwljs] D;ksafd os dke djrs Fksblhfy, os mi;ksxh FksA ijUrq vkt cgqr ls yksx dke djus ds fy, rks rS;kj gSa ijUrq mUgsa dksbZ iSls nsus okykugha gSA tks yksx dke djrs Hkh gSa mUgas Hkh vius dke ls dksbZ vkRelEeku ugha feyrk gSA vxj mUgsa iSlksa dht+:jr ugha gksrh rks os dHkh Hkh ml dke dks ugha djrsA e'khu vkijsVj vc fliQZ e'khu dh ns[kHkky djusokyk cu x;k gSA igys ,d dq'ky dkjhxj vius dke ds fy, e'khuksa dk] tfVy vkSt+kjksa dk bLrseky djrkFkkA ijarq vc oks dsoy e'khu esa eky Mkyus dk dke djrk gSA dkjhxj vc e'khu dk ukSdj cu x;k gSA oksvc e'khu dh et+hZ ds fglkc ls dke djrk gS & tSls dksbZ NksVs cPps dh ns[kHkky djrk gSA cPps ds eqag esacksry Mkyus dk vkSj tc oks jks, rks mls FkiFkikus dkA MCyw- ,p- iQsjh us Hkfo"; ds dkedkt dh ,d cgqrlVhd ifjHkk"kk nh gS & jkr dks pkSdhnkjh dk dkeA vkneh vc cgqr tfVy e'khuksa dh ns[kHkky djsaxsA vxjlc dke Bhd izdkj py jgk gksxk rks ogka [kM+s vkneh dks dqN Hkh ugha djuk gksxkA tc dHkh dqN xM+cM+gksxh rHkh ogka [kM+s vkneh dks dqN djuk gksxkA Hkfo"; esa vkxs ,slh xyrh u gks ;g dke Hkh dksbZ nwljkO;fDr ns[ksxkA ,sls dke esa Hkyk dSls et+k vkSj larks"k feysA (gky gh esa eSa ,d eksVjdkj cukus okys dkj[kkusdh vlsEcyh ykbu ls xqtj jgk FkkA ogka ij dke djus okys ,d eta+nwj us eq>s crk;k fd ogka yxHkx 80izfr'kr et+nwj] vius mckmQ dke ls futkr ikus ds fy, fu;fer :i ls ,seiQsVsehUl dh xksfy;ka [kkrs gSaA)

ge buds vkSj c<+us dh gh mEehn dj ldrs gSa] de gksus dh ughaA vxj ,slk gksxk rks vf/dka'k yksxksa dksnks rjg dh leL;kvksa ls fucVuk gksxk% vius dke vkSj thou dks lkFkZd dSls cuk,a vkSj vius [kkyh le; esaD;k djsaA bu nksuksa iz'uksa dk mRrj ,d gh gS & ,sls dke djuk tks lp esa djus ;ksX; gksaA f'k{kk dk ,d csgnegRoiw.kZ vax djus ;ksX; dkeksa dks [kkstuk gksxkA Ldwy ,sls LFkku gksa tgka ij cPpksa vkSj o;Ldksa dks cgqr lkjhpht+sa djus dk ekSdk feys vkSj lkFk esa oks D;k lcls T+;knk djuk pkgsaxs mls Hkh [kkstus dk volj feysA eSa;gka ij djus ij fo'ks"k cy ns jgk gwaA vkt Ldwyksa essa cPps dqN djus esa cgqr de le; gh fcrkrs gSaA cPpsviuk T+;knkrj le; tkudkjh gkfly djus esa] mlda izek.k ,df=kr djus esa vkSj ckn esa mls fy[kdj fn[kkusesa gh fcrkrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh cPps dyk] gLrdyk] [ksydwn] ukVd] ukp&xkuk Hkh dj ysrs gSaA ijarq Ldwy cgqrde cPpksa dks gh buesa ls fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij xaHkhjrk ls dke djus dk le; fn;k tkrk gSA tks cPps bupht+ksa dks xaHkhjrk ls lh[kuk pkgrs gSa oks mUgsa Ldwy ds ckgj gh lh[k ldrs gSa vkSj oks Hkh eagxh iQhl nsdjAftu cPpksa ds eka&cki iQhl ugha ns ldrs ;k tks leqnk; bu fo'ks"k laLFkkvksa dk [kpZ ugha mBk ldrs os cPpsbu vuqHkoksa ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA blls cPpksa ds efLr"d vkSj vkRek esa ,d xgjk lwukiu mRiUu gksrk gS vkSjbldk ykHk euksjatu baMLVªh ds reke O;kikjh mBkrs gSaA vHkh rd u tkus dSls dke py x;k gS ijarq bldsvkxs pyus dh mEehn ugha gSA ftl izdkj dh xEHkhj jQfp;ksa dk vkuan vkt lekt dk ,d NksVk lk oxZmBkrk gS mls gesa vf/dka'k yksxksa ds fy, miyC/ djkuk gksxkA rHkh yksxksa dh ft+anxh thus ds yk;d cuik,xhA

eSausa dqN xfrfof/;ka lq>kbZ gSaA ijUrq mUgsa esjs lq>koksa rd gh ugha lhfer fd;k tk,A cgqr ls yksx cM+slarks"k ds lkFk u dsoy vius ckx&cxhps dks lqanj cuk,axs ijarq vius vklikl ds ifjos'k esa Hkh [kq'kh ls

isM+&ikS/s vkSj iQwy yxk,axsA eq>s vHkh Hkh ml ckr dks lksp dj [kq'kh feyrh gS tc eSaus viuh cgu ds ?kjds ikl dqN isM+ yxk, FksA eSa mu isM+ksa dks vHkh Hkh lky esa ,d ckj tkdj ns[krk gwaA ijarq vxj eSa mUgsanqckjk dHkh Hkh u ns[kwa rks Hkh mudks yxkus dh esgur vkSj le; ,d vPNs dke ij [kpZ gqvkA eq>s ekywe gSfd os isM+ ml t+ehu ij yxs gSa tgka mudh cgqr t+:jr gSA

esjh dyk esa fo'ks"k jQfp gSA eq>s dyk vkSj gLrdyk nksuksa es lkspus&fopkjus] iz;kl] vuq'kklu vkSj fodkldh cgqr lh lEHkkouk,a ut+j vkrh gSaA ;s ,sls dqa, ugha gSa ftudk lkjk ikuh ihdj dqa, dks lw[kk fd;k tkldsA buls yksx tYnh Fkdsaxs ughaA ;s xsan iQsadus ds [ksy tSlk ugha gS ftlesa fd ikap fnuksa rd] vkB ?kaVs jkst+xsan iQsadus ds ckn dksbZ iwjh rjg mQc tk,A buls ,d vyx rjg dk larks"k izkIr gksxkA tc yksx dksbZ vPNkdke djrs gSa rks dM+h esgur ls mUgas rRdky larks"k feyrk gSA nwljksa dks equkiQk dekus esa enn djus ls dHkhHkh vlyh larks"k ugha feyrk gSA

ftu xfrfof/;ksa esa yksx dksbZ /u ugha dekrs] ftUgsa yksx dsoy xfrfof/;ksa dh ;ksX;rk ds fy, djrs gSa]muesa yksx viuh lEiw.kZ mQtkZ vkSj dq'kyrkvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA cM+h vkSj csgrj jQfp;ksa vkSj 'kkSd lsft+anxh ugha curhA dke esa pqukSrh] mls csgrj vkSj lqanj rjhds ls djus dh yxu gksuh pkfg,A dksbZ O;fDrfctyh ls pyus okys vkSt+kjksa dks [kjhndj muls gÝrs esa ikap&Ng fnu [kq'kh&[kq'kh fdrkcsa j[kus ds 'ksYiQ cukldrk gS ;k fiQj [kjkn e'khu ij iqjkuh ydM+h ls ySEi LVSUM cuk ldrk gSA ;g rc Bhd gksxk tc mlvkneh dk dk izeq[k dke ;k /a/k blls vyx gksxkA D;ksafd gÝrs esa rhl] pkyhl ;k ipkl ?kaVs dke djuki;kZIr ugha gksxk] mlls dke ugha cusxkA mls dqN ,slh pht+s cukus dh dksf'k'k djuh gksxh tks lp esa cgqrlqanj gksaA mls fdlh fp=kdkj dh Hkkafr vius dke dks mRÑ"V cukus dk yxkrkj iz;kl djuk gksxk] ftl rdoks 'kk;n dHkh igqap u ldsA vxj oks ,slk ugha djsxk rks oks tYnh gh mQc tk,xk] vkSj tSlk vktdy vDljgksrk gS mlds lkjs eagxs vkSt+kj odZ'kki esa iM+s jgsaxs vkSj mues tax yxsxhA

,sls dbZ rjhds gSa ftuls yksx nwljksa dh enn dj ldrs gSaA vxj eku yks ge us vius foosd ls xjhch dks[kRe Hkh dj fn;k fiQj Hkh lekt esa cgqr ls ,sls yksx gksaxs ftUgsa lgk;rk dh t+:jr gksxh & chekj] jksxh]viax] o`¼ vkSj ekufld jksxksa ls ihfM+r yksxA vxj gekjs Ldwyksa dh gkyr ,slh gh jgh rks cgqr ls yksxksa dhbu dk;ksZa dks djus esa jQfp ugha gksxhA vkt Ldwyksa esa ge ,sls yksx gh fodflr dj jgs gSa ftudk mn~ns';fdlh Hkh rjhds dks viukdj thou esa] nwljksa ls vkxs c<+uk gSA laf{kIr esa] Ldwy ,sls leqnk; cusa tgka ijcPps Hkk"k.kksa ls ugha] cfYd okLrfod dke djds vkSj thou thdj vU; yksxksa dh vko';drkvksa ds izfrpsruk vkSj lgkuHkwfr gkfly djsaA ,sls Ldwyksa dks dkYifud ekWMy fu;e&dkuwuksa ds t+fj, ugha LFkkfir fd;ktk ldrk gSA bu Ldwyksa esa cPps D;ksafd vius dke dh bT+tr djsaxs blhfy, os nwljksa ds dke dk Hkh vknjdjsaxsA ;gk¡ os iz;kl djsaxs fd Ldwy ,slk LFkku gks tgka lHkh yksx viuh euet+hZ ds dke dks vPNh rjg lsdj ik,aA

xjhch] dpjk vkSj i;kZoj.k;g leL;k,a u dsoy vkil esa tqM+h gSa ijarq budk vU; leL;kvksa ls Hkh xgjk laca/ gSA blfy, budks

vyx&vyx djds buds ckjs esa ckr djuk laHko u gksxkA ftl ykyp ds dkj.k i;kZoj.k dks [krjk gS mlhdh ot+g ls xjhch dks lekIr djuk eqf'dy gSA dqN fnuksa igys fdlh uss ,d if=kdk esa xkjaVh'kqnk jk"Vªh;vk; ds fojks/ esa ,d i=k fy[kk] ^eSa esgur ls dek, vius iSls fdlh dkepksj O;fDr dks D;ksa nwa\* bl iz'uds ckjs esa dksbZ rkfdZd ppkZ djuk laHko ugha gSA vki nwljksa ds ckjs esa tSlk eglwl djsaxs vki oSlk gh mudsckjs esa lkspsaxsA tc i;kZoj.kfon~ gt+kjksa lkyksa ls [kM+s jsMoqM ds isM+ksa dh j{kk dh ckr djssaxs rks ydM+h ds cM+sO;kikjh mudh gka&esa&gka rks feyk,axs ijarq ihNs dgsaxs] ^HkkM+ esa tk,aA gesa Hkfo"; ls D;k ysuk&nsukA Hkfo"; usgekjs fy;k D;k fd;k gS\* Hkyk D;k\ bl loky dk dksbZ mfpr mRrj ugha gSA gesa ,sls yksx pkfg, tks vius

vkidks balkfu;r dh yach psu dh ,d dM+h le>sa vkSj bl izdkj csodwiQh ds loky ugha iwNsaA gesa ns'k izsehsyksx pkfg, & ,sls yksx tks egt+ ljdkj ds dgus ij fdlh vU; ns'k dks nq'eu u eku ysaA gesa ,sls yksxpkfg, tks gj txg dwM+k&dpjk] fc;j ds MCcs] cksrysa iQsad dj vius ns'k izseh gksus dk ifjp; u nsaA

gekjh ykyp ds ckjs esa dqN le> gSA ykyph vkneh vanj ls [kks[kyk gksrk gSA blfy, oks viuhvkRelEeku foghu vkSj lwuh ft+anxh dks /u] mQaps inksa vkSj lRrk ls Hkjus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA vDljykyph vkneh esa cnyk ysus dh Hkkouk Hkjh gksrh gSA oks vrhr dh fdlh xyrh ds fy, ges'kk fdlh vU;O;fDr ;k lekt ls cnyk ysuk pkgrk gSA tks ydM+h dk Bsdsnkj gjh&Hkjh igkfM+;ksa ds isM+ dVokdj mUgsa uaxkdjrk gS] tks iQSDVªh ekfyd fef'kxu >hy ds ikl ds Vhyksa dks dVokdj LVhy dk u;k dkj[kkuk yxokrk gS]tks daiuh eSustj vius vklikl ds gok vkSj ikuh esa t+gj mxyrk gS] tks i;ZVd viuh dkj dh f[kM+dh lsdpjs ds FkSys vkSj fc;j ds [kkyh fMCcs iQsadrk gS] ;s lHkh&ds&lHkh ,d rjg ls leku gSaA os lHkhdgha&u&dgha ;g dg jgs gSa fd] ^ns[kks gjke[kksjksa] geus rqEgs et+k p[kk;k gS!* mudk iwjk thou ,d rjg dk;q¼ gksrk gS ftls os u rks can dj ldrs gSa vkSj u gh thr ldrs gSa D;ksafd mUgsa viuh deh dk fcYdqyvankt+ ugha gksrk gSA oks dHkh Hkh larq"V ugha gksrsA muds vanj dk [kks[kykiu dHkh ugha HkjrkA f'k{kk ds lkeus,d cM+h pqukSrh gS & cPpksa dks Hk{kd cuus ls dSls jksds] vkSj i`Foh ds lhfer lk/uksa dks dSls cpk,\ ;gkaij ykyp dks iwjh rjg [kRe djus dh ckr ugha gks jgh gSA ykyp izkÑfrd Hkh gks ldrk gS ij mldh HkhdqN fuf'pr lhek,a gksuh pkfg,A esu uke ds 'kgj esa [ksy&dwn ds lkeku dh cM+h nqdku gSA mlds ekfydfeLVj chu dks ,d ckj fdlh us FkksM+s esgur ls O;kikj dks frxquk djus dk xqj crk;kA mls lqudj feLVj chuus dgk] ^vkf[kj D;ksa\ eSa fnu esa pkj ckj rks Hkkstu dj ugha ldrkA* tks gS] oks cgqr gSA

Lora=krkdqN le; igys ,d izfrf"Br izkbejh Ldwy dh ikyd&f'k{kd la?k dh cSBd esa eq>s vius fopkj j[kus

dk ekSdk feykA blesa eSaus ges'kk dh rjg gh cPpksa ds [kqn fu.kZ; ysus vkSj mls vius rjhds ls lh[kus dhLora=krk ij t+ksj fn;kA ehfVax ds ckn ,d ikyd esjs ikl vk;k vkSj mlus dgk] ^esjh jk; esa gesa /hjs&/hjscPpksaa dh Lora=krk dks de djuk pkfg, ftlls fd cM+s gksus ij os o;Ld thou ds fy, iwjh rjg rS;kj gksldsaA* cgqr ls yksxksa us] vyx&vyx voljksa ij ,slh ckrsa eq> ls dgh gSaA eq>s le> ugha vkrk gS fd buiz'uksa dk mRrj dSls nwaA Lora=k dgykus okys bl ns'k esa vf/dka'k yksxksa ds fy, oSls gh dksbZ vlyh Lora=krkugha gSA ijarq dqN yksx fLFkr dks Bhd le>rs gSa vkSj mls cnyus dh ckr lksprs Hkh ughaA os vius cPpksa dhfLFkr ls vH;Lrrk djkus esa enn nsuk pkgrs gSaA

Lora=krk ,d vPNh vkSj j{kk djus yk;d pht+ gS bldk dksbZ oSKkfud izek.k rks ugha gSA MCyw- ,p- iQsjhus 'kk;n Bhd gh dgk Fkk fd mUgsa cl ^eqfDr dk vglkl* vPNk yxrk gSA eq>s bl ns'k esa Lora=krk dkHkfo"; cgqr mTtoy ugha fn[krk gSA D;ksafd eq>s ml vfHkHkkod tSls vU; dbZ yksx feys gSa ftUgksaus dHkhHkh [kqn dks Lora=kr eglwl ugha fd;k] u djrs gSa vkSj u djsaxsA oks Lora=krk ds egRo dks gh ugha le>rsAvf/dka'k vejhfd;ksa ds fy, Lora=krk egt+ ,d ukjk gS ftlds vk/kj ij os fdlh Hkh ijra=k fons'kh ls ?k`.kkdj mls dRy djuk Hkh Bhd ekurs gSaA tc mUgsa dksbZ ,slk O;fDr feyrk gS tks viuh Lora=krk dks xaHkhjrk lsysrk gS rks os mlls Mjrs gSa ;k mlij ukjkt+ gksrs gSaA ^rqe dkSu gks\ yxrk gS vOoy uacj ds dksbZ csodwiQgksA* D;ksafd ijra=k balku gh nwljksa dh Lora=krk dks Nhuuk pkgrk gSA

vxj yksx fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls vius vkidks de Lora=k eglwl djsa rks mlls ckdh yksxksa dh Lora=krk dks[krjk iSnk gksrk gSA fdu dkj.kksa ls yksxksa dh Lora=krk de gksrh gS\ tc yksx fdlh vKkr O;fDr dh vkKk dkikyu djrs gSaA tc yksx] vkKk nsus okys O;fDr dks fu;a=k.k esa ugha j[k ikus ds dkj.k [kqn dks cscl eglwldjrs gSaA tc yksxksa dks dqN crk;k ugha tkrk gS] tkudkjh ugha nh tkrh gS rks os lPpkbZ rd igqapus esa vleFkZgksrss gSaA ,d vU; dkj.k ls yksx vius vkidks ijra=k eglwwl djrs gSaA tc os vius thou dks [kqn ds fopkjksa

ds eqrkfcd <kyus esa [kqn dks vleFkZ eglwwl djrs gSaA tc yksxksa ds lkeus dksbZ vlyh fodYi ugha gksrk gSAtc yksxksa ds thou dh fn'kk] muls fcuk iwNs] vU; yksx fu/kZfjr djrs gSaA bl lekt esa ,d ,slh oLrqfLFkfrdk fuekZ.k gks jgk gS ftlls vke yksx [kqn dks vf/d ijra=k eglwwl djus ij et+cwj gSaA bl ns'k dh Lora=krkdks 'kk;n ;gh lcls cM+k [krjk gSA

blds nks dkj.k gSaA igyk] nSfud thou ls lacaf/r laLFkk,a & O;kikj] ljdkjh ,tsafl;ka vkfn fnuksafnu cM+hvkSj Hkhedk; gksrh tk jgh gSaA lkFk gh cM+s laxBuksa ds fu;ekuqlkj os vf/d dsanzh;] vekuoh; vkSjykyiQhrk'kkgh dk x<+ curh tk jgh gSaA lk/kj.k yksx gjsd laLFkk ds fy, ,d leL;k gh gksrs gSaA tc fdlhlaLFkk ds lkeus igyh ckj dksbZ leL;k vkrh gS rks mls dksbZ gy djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA ;g gy tYn gh,d felky cu tkrk gSA felky ,d ra=k esa cny tkrk gS vkSj var esa ra=k ,d fu;e cu tkrk gSA tYn ghlkjh laLFkk,a gesa vkSj vkidks dsoy vius lcls fupys rcds ds yksxksa ls gh feyus nsaxh tks fu.kZ; ysus esagekjh rjg gh et+cwj vkSj lRrkfoghu gksaxsA os vius gkFk [kM+s dj nsaxs vkSj dgsaxs] ^eq>s ekiQ djsa_ eSa Hkykdj gh D;k ldrk gwa] eSa rks ;gka fliQZ et+nwjh djrk gwaA*

vxj rdnhj lkFk ns rks 'kk;n reke iz;klksa ds ckn vki bl e'khu dks Hksnus esa liQy gksa ik,a vkSjvkidks ,slk dksbZ feys tks fu.kZ; ysus vkSj dke djus ds fy, rS;kj gksA dqN o"kZ igys eSaus ,d cM+s fMikVZesaVLVksj ls dqN pht+ksa dk vkMZj fn;k FkkA muds ikl muesa dsoy vk/h gh pht+sa Fkha tks mUgksaus eq>s Hkst nhaAysfdu mUgksaus eq>s iwjs vkMZj dk fcy cukdj Hkst fn;k vkSj dgk fd iwjk fcy tek djus ds ckn eq>s cdk;kjkf'k dk ØsfMV fey tk,xkA eSaus fcy dk Hkqxrku ugha fd;kA eSaus dgk fd iwjk lkeku feyus ij gh eSa iwjsfcy dk Hkqxrku d:axkA blds ckn ml fMikVZesaV LVksj us esjs cSad dks vusdksa i=k fy[ks ftuesa /efd;ksa dslkFk esjs f[kykiQ dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djus dh ckr fy[kh xbZ FkhA eSaus Hkh xqLls esa vkdj mUgsa dbZ tokc fn,Adjhc Ng eghuksa ds ckn eq>s ,d i=k feyk ftl ij fdlh balku us gLrk{kj fd, FksA eSaus rRdky iQksufeykdj mls iwjh dgkuh crkbZA mlus eq>ls ekiQh ekaxh vkSj iwjs lg;ksx dk vk'oklu fn;kA vxys dqN gÝrksaesa esjs vkMZj dk cdk;k eky Hkh vk x;k vkSj fiQj eSaus iwjs fcy dk Hkqxrku dj fn;kA de&ls&de var rkslq[kn gqvkA ijarq vxj eSaus LVksj dks igys gh iSls ns fn, gksrs rks 'kk;n var bruk lq[kn u gksrkA ijarq vkebalku ds ikl cM+s fMikVZesaV LVkslZ dks <sjksa i=k fy[kus vkSj odhyksa vkSj cSad vkfn ds ipM+s esa iM+us dk oDrgh ugha gksrk gSA

ljdkj Hkh cgqr nwj fLFkr ekywe iM+rh gSA eSaus jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] dSfcusV lnL;ksa vkSj dkaxzsl ds esEclZdks cgqr ls i=k fy[ks gSaA cgqr de ckj gh eq>s dksbZ ,slk tokc feyk gS ftlls yxs fd ml egkuqHkko usesjk i=k i<+k Hkh FkkA T+;knkrj ckj rks cl i=k izkIr gksus dh ikorh gh feyrh gSA esjs i=kksa dks vo'; fdlh usi<+k gksxkA oks O;fDr dqN djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gksxk vkSj 'kk;n mls esjs fopkjksa dh dksbZ ijokg gh u gksA'kk;n mlus esjs i=kksa dks fdlh iQkby esa yxk fn;k gksxkA bu i=k i<+us okyksa dk dke esjh ckr dks vius mQapsviQljksa rd igq¡pkuk ugha gSA os ugha pkgrs fd eSa mQapss viQljksa dks ijs'kku d:a ;k muds lksp esa dqNcnyko ykmQaA os esjs vkSj viQljksa ds chp ,d nhokj dk dke djrs gSaA nwljh vksj oks pkgrs gSa fd eSa mudhcrkbZ lkjh ckrksa dks eku ywaA /hjs&/hjs gekjh ljdkj cM+h vkSj cM+h ds lkFk&lkFk xksiuh; vkSj >wBh gksrh tkrhgSA mQapss viQlj gels lkiQ dgrs gSa fd dqN {ks=kksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gkfly djus dk gekjk dksbZ gd ghugha gSA buds ckjs esa os gesa dqN Hkh ugha crkrsA

gesa viuh Lora=krk esa deh dk vglkl rc gksrk gS tc yksx gekjs futh thou esa n[ky nsrs gSaA ;gn[kyankth xSj&vkf/dkfjd vkSj vkf/dkfjd nksuksa izdkj dh gksrh gSA igyh dh dbZ felkysa gSaA yksxksa dsVsyhiQksu vkfn ^VSi* djus dh okjnkrsa c<+h gSaA dqN yksxksa blls cgqr ukjkt+ gSa vkSj mUgksaus blds f[kykiQ viuhvkokt+ Hkh mBkbZ gS ijarq mlls ljdkj dh dku esa twa Hkh ugha jsaxsxhA /hjs&/hjs gekjh ft+anxh esa ljdkjh vkSjfuth ,tsfUl;ksa dh n[ky c<+sxh gh] de ugha gksxhA vke vkneh dks ;g Lohdkj djuk gh iM+sxk fd ljdkjhvkSj vU; vf/dkjh vxj pkgsa rks os mlds lkjs okrkZykiksa dks vklkuh ls lqu ldrs gSaA

vkf/dkfjd ;k vfuok;Z n[kyankth ls esjk eryc mu euksfoKkfud ijh{k.kksa ls gS tgka ij yksxksa dks viusfopkj] bPNk,a] liusa] Hk; vkfn ds ckjs esa et+cwj gksdj crkuk iM+rk gSA ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, vkidks bl izdkjds dbZ ijh{k.k ysus gksaxsA yksx bu ijh{k.kksa ls ?k`.kk vkSj mudk frjLdkj djrs gSaA ijarq vkus okys le; esa rhudkj.kksa ls buesa vkSj c<+r vk,xhA igys rks buls eksVh vkenuh gksrh gSA nwljs vU; yksxksa dh ft+anxh esa >kadusdh bPNk iwjh gksrh gSA rhljs] ;g feFkd fd ^foKku* ekuoh; thou ds [krjksa ls ijs gSA yksxksa ls iwoZ fopkjksavkSj lacaf/;ksa ds ckjs esa 'kiFk ysdj crkus dks dgk tk jgk gSA vktdy lqj{kk ds uke ij iM+ksfl;ksa] edkuekfyd] fe=kksa vkfn ls Hkh yksxksa ds ckjs esa cgqr lh futh tkudkjh gkfly dh tk jgh gSA bl rjg dhviQokg gS fd ns'k ds lHkh fuokfl;ksa ds ckjs esa bl reke tkudkjh dks okf'kaxVu esa bLrseky ds fy,ladfyr fd;k tk,xkA dqN vYila[;d Lora=krk izseh bldk vo'; fojks/ djsaxsA ijUrq mldk dksbZ [kklurhtk ugha fudysxkA yksxksa ds futh thou ij tkudkjh ,df=kr vkSj dsafnzÑr djus dk dke vkSj rst gksxkftlls /hjs&/hjs djds vke ukxfjd vius vkidks de Lora=k eglwl djsxkA

bu fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj nckoksa esa ge viuh Lora=krk dks dSls cpk,a vkSj mls dSls c<+k,a\ blds fy,gesa ,d ugha] dbZ ,slh ih<h pkfg, gksaxh ftUgsa Lora=krk ls xgjk I;kj gksA ftudk Lora=krk ls yxko gels Hkhxgjk gksA orZeku Ldwy ,slh ih<+h ugha rS;kj dj jgs gSaA gkbZ&Ldwy ds Nk=kksa ds losZ{k.k ls irk pyrk gS fdvOoy rks os vius ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds ckjs eas cgqr de tkurs gSaA nwljs] mUgsa tks dqN Hkh crk;k tkrk gS osml ij fo'okl ugha djrs gSaA ,d vkSj losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj] pkyhl izfr'kr yksx pkgrs gSa fd iqfyl eqtfjeksals vijk/ Lohdkj djokus ds fy, ^FkMZ fMxzh* ;kfu fd dBksj ;kruk,a iz;ksx djsA

gekjs Ldwyksa dh gkyr dks ns[krs gq, blesa dks vk'p;Z dh ckr Hkh ugha gSA vkt lkekftd f'k{kk dh lclsnq[kn vkSj [kkSiQukd ckr rks ;g gS fd yxHkx lHkh Ldwyksa esa cPpksa ds lkFk tsy ds dSfn;ksa tSlk O;ogkjfd;k tkrk gSA nf{k.k vÚhdk esa uhxzks yksxksa dh rjg os fcuk fyf[kr vuqefr ds b/j ls m/j ugha tk ldrsgSaA Ldwy dh iwjh bekjr Nk=k&ekWuhVjksa] tklwlh vkSj [kqfiQ;k pqxy[kksjksa ls Hkjh gksrh gS ftudk dke bl fyf[krvuqefr dks tk¡puk gksrk gSA ijUrq ;g fiQj Hkh fny ngyk nsus okyh ckr ugha gSA lcls nq[kn ckr rks ;g gSfd Nk=k bldk u dksbZ fojks/ djrs gSa] u blds ckjs esa dksbZ f'kdk;r djrs gSa vkSj 'kk;n mUgas blesa dqN cqjkHkh ugha yxrk gSA mYVs Nk=k bldk leFkZu djrs gSa vkSj bls vius fy, fgrdkjh le>rs gSaA lPps xqyke cuusdh bu Nk=kksa dh rS;kjh dkiQh vPNh py jgh gSA

,d ckj 'kgj ds ,d cM+s ifCyd Ldwy ds ,d vf/dkjh us lkB&lRrj gkbZ Ldwy ds Nk=kksa dks ftlesavf/drj uhxzks Fks vkSj dqN f'k{kdksa dks ,d Hkk"k.k fn;kA bl lekjksg esa eSa Hkh 'kkfey FkkA mudk Nk=kksa dkslans'k Fkk% rqe Ldwy esa vPNk crkZo djksA f'k{kdksa ds ckr ij fcuk iQkyrw ds iz'u iwNs rRdky vey djksAD;ksa\ D;ksafd Ldwy us gjsd Nk=k ds fy, ,d vyx dkMZ cuk;k gS ftlij dksbZ Hkh f'k{kd vkdj rqEgkjs }kjkfd, x, fdlh Hkh xyr dke dks fy[k ldrs gSaA vkSj tc rqe Ldwy NksM+dj ukSdjh djus tkvksxs rks oksdkMZ ges'kk ds fy, rqEgkjs Hkkoh ekfyd ds ikl jgsxkA ;g lqu dj eSa lge mBk vkSj eq>s vius dkuksa ijfo'okl ugha gqvkA bl vf/dkjh us Ldwy dh dqN vPNkbZ;ksa & fofHkUu is'kksa] ukSdfj;ksa dh laHkkouk vkfn dkHkh c[kku fd;kA mldks lqurs le; dqN iz'u yxkrkj eq>s lrkrs jgsA D;k ;g lp gks ldrk gS\ D;k ;g,d vke ckr gS\ dkMZ ij D;k fy[kk gS D;k bldk Nk=kksa dks dqN irk gksrk gS\ D;k dHkh Nk=kksa dks viuhvksj ls liQkbZ nsus dk ekSdk feyrk gS\ D;k oks blds f[kykiQ dksbZ ;kpuk dj ldrs gSa\ D;k bu Nk=kksa dks]o;Ld eqtfjeksa ds leku gh dqN dkuwu lqj{kk feysxh\

iz'u&mRrj ds l=k ds nkSjku eSa mRlqdrk ls Nk=kksa Nk=kksa }kjk iwNs iz'uksa dk bart+kj djus yxkA ;g cSBdNk=kksa ds fy, gh Fkh vkSj ogh blds f'kdkj Fks blhfy, mudks gh lcls igys iz'u iwNus pkfg, FksA ijarqfdlh Nk=k us iz'u ugha iwNsA tc eq> ls jgk ugha x;k rks var esa eSaus gh iz'u iwNsA oDrk us cM+s BaMs fnekxls esjs iz'uksa dk tokc fn;kA mls vU; 'kgjksa ds ckjs esa rks ugha irk Fkk ijarq mlds vuqlkj bl 'kgj dh ;ghijaijk FkhA Nk=kksa dks vius dlwj ds ckjs esa ugha irk Fkk vkSj mUgsa liQkbZ is'k djus dk Hkh dksbZ ekSdk ugha FkkA

gks ldrk gS blesa dqN vU;k; Hkh gksrk gksA ,d ckr dks eSa fcYdqy ipk ugha ik;kA oDrk [kqn ,d uhxzks FkkA'kk;n ;gh bl ra=k dks pykus dk ,d le>nkj rjhdk gSA ml vkneh dk dke bl ra=k dks cnyus ;k mldsckjs esa f'kdk;r djus dk ugha FkkA oks Nk=kksa dks vius vf/dkj {ks=k ls dqN vf/d gh crk jgk FkkA nwljsvf/dkjh rks bruk Hkh ugha djrs gSaA vkSj ;gh vly lPpkbZ gSA

vxyh dqN d{kkvksa esa geus bl ckjs esa ppkZ djhA dqN Nk=kksa dks bu dkMksZa ds ckjs esa igys ls gh irk FkkAftUgsa ugha irk Fkk mUgsa Hkh bl tkudkjh ls dksbZ [kkl vk'p;Z ugha gqvkA mUgsa bldh mEehn FkhA mUgsa blckr ij esjs ijs'kku gksuk vkSj fopfyr gksuk le> esa ugha vk jgk FkkA eSaus muls xfy;kjksa esa vkus&tkus okysvuqefr i=kksa dh ckr iwNhA lHkh Nk=kksa dks mUgsa Hkjuk iM+rk FkkA mUgas vuqefr i=kksa dks Hkjus dk dksbZfxyk&f'kdok ugha FkkA ,d cqf¼eku Nk=k tks ukxfjd&vf/dkjksa vkSj 'kakfr ds vkanksyuksa esa dkiQh lfØ; Fkk usdgk] ^vf/dkfj;ksa dks Ldwy blh izdkj pykuk iM+rk gS ugha rks Nk=k iwjh bekjr dks gh rgl&ugl djMkysaxsA* eSaus iwNk] ^D;k rqe ,slk djksxs\* mlus mRrj fn;k] ^ugha] eSa rks ugha d:axk ijarq vU; Nk=k ,slk t+:jdjsaxsA vxj mUgsa eqDr gksdj b/j ls m/j vkus&tkus dh lqfo/k feyh rks os vo'; mldk nqjksi;ksx djsaxsA*lqfo/k! ml yM+ds dks lqu dj ,slk yxk tSls ckdh Nk=k fdlh tsy ds dSn[kkus esa gksa vkSj fnu esa ,d ?kaVsds fy, ckgj ?kweus tkus dh lqfo/k dh ekax dj jgs gksaA

fiNys lky twfu;j gkbZ Ldwy dh ,d Nk=kk vius ?kj ,d ipkZ ysdj vkbZ ftlij fy[kk Fkk] ^vkidk d][k] x] gkbZ Ldwy esa gkfnZd Lokxr gSA* ;g ipkZ izR;sd Nk=k dks fn;k x;k FkkA eSa ml ipsZ dks i<+dj ,dnelge x;kA bl ipsZ vkSj lsuk }kjk u, jax:Vksa dh HkrhZ ds b'rgkj yxHkx ,d leku FksA varj dsoy brukFkkA lsuk ds b'rgkj] gkbZ Ldwy ds ipsZ dh rqyuk esa dgha vf/d nksLrkuk vkSj Lokxr ds vankt+ esa fy[ks FksAlsuk dk lans'k Fkk] ^vkids vkus dh gesa [kq'kh gSA ;gka ij dbZ csgn jkspd pht+s pkyw gSaA gesa mEehn gS fdvkidks muesa et+k vk,xk vkSj vkidks ;gka ij vPNk yxsxkA* nwljh vksj twfu;j gkbZ Ldwy dk lans'k dqN ,slkFkk] ^ge vki ij yxkrkj ut+j j[ks gSa_ vkidh 'kjkjrksa ij Hkh gekjk iwjk è;ku gSA vki ykbu ls] t+jk Hkh b/jls m/j gq, rks vkidks rqjar ukuh ;kn vk tk,xhA* [kkSiQukd dSfn;ksa ds tsy ds fy, 'kk;n ,d lgh uksfVljgrkA

bl izdkj ds O;ogkj dk cPpksa ij D;k vlj gksrk gS\ ogh ftldh ge mEehn djrs gSaA blls cPpksa dkvkRelEeku iwjh rjg u"V gks tkrk gS vkSj bls nqckjk iSnk djuk yxHkx vlaHko gks tkrk gSA cPpksa dks ,slkyxus yxrk gS fd muij vkSj vU; yksxksa ij fo'okl ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj mUgsa dksbZ Hkh ft+Eesnkjh ughalkSaih tk ldrh gSA cPpkas dks Lora=krk p[kus] mlesa vkuan ysus ls csxkuk djds ge mudh fuxkg esa Lora=krkds ewY; dh iw.kZr% voekuuk djrs gSaA ;g xqykeh dk lcls vPNk izf'k{k.k gSA 'kk;n ge ,d ,slk ns'k pkgrsgSa tgka gjsd O;fDr dk ,d fu/kZfjr LFkku gksA tgka oks balku vius ls mQij ds lHkh yksxksa dk xqyke gks vkSjvius ls uhps ds lHkh yksxksa dk ekfyd gksA ,d ,slk ns'k tgka lHkh yksx lRrk ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsdrs gksa ;kfufgVyj ls iwoZ teZuh tSlk ns'kA vxj ge ,slk rkuk'kkg ns'k pkgrs gSa rks ge lgh jkLrs ij py jgs gSaA rks geml iFk ij rst+h ls vxzlj gSaA ,Mxj ÚkbZfMucxZ us viuh iqLrd (n o Sfuf'k ax ,Mk sYl s aV , aM n dfe axvk WiQ , Wt bu veSfjdk) esa fy[kk gS fd Ldwy yxkrkj Nk=kksa ds ukxfjd vf/dkjksa dk guu djrs gSa vkSjorZeku esa Ldwyksa esa 'kkjhfjd naMksa esa cgqr bt+kiQk gqvk gS & cPpksa dh tedj fiVkbZ gksrh gSA

gekjs ns'k esa yksx HksM+pky dh tedj f[kykiQr djrs gSa vkSj [kqn ds vkSj vU; yksxksa ds ukxfjd vf/dkjksadh lqj{kk ds fy, yM+rs gSaA blfy, gesa vius cPpksa dks Ldwyksa esa dqN lPph Lora=krk nsuh pkfg,A pyus]?kweus&fiQjus] cksyus dh vkt+knh_ vius le; dks ;kstukc¼ rjhds ls mi;ksx dh vkt+knh_ vius dke dks fn'kknsus vkSj mlds ewY;kadu dh vkt+knh_ le>nkj balku le>s tkus dh vkt+knhA

1968

CySdcksMZ dh xM+cM+yfu Z ax V w V hp bu vc Zu Ld wYl] MksjksFkh ,e- eSdfx;ksp ,oa dSjksy vkj- CywexkMZu] ,fyu vk-s iQqjsMh]

fyu MCy-w jSaMksYiQ ,oa ;wthu Mh- :Fk tqfu;jA;g ,d jkspd iqLrd gS ftlls dbZ ckrksa dk [kqyklk gksrk gSA f'k{kk ij vU; iqLrdksa dh rqyuk esa ;g

fdrkc Li"V] laf{kIr vkSj fu"i{k gSA;gka pkj ukStoku f'k{kdksa us] 'kgj esa cLrh ds ,d Ldwy esa] ikap lkyksa ds vius dke dks] [kqn vius 'kCnksa

esa lquk;k gSA mudh ckrsa vkd"kZd yxrh gSaA ;g yksx dke esa n`<+] bekunkj] mRlkgh yxrs gSaA os cPpksa dhlgk;rk djus dks vkrqj gSa] [kqn viuh rh[kh vkykspuk,a djrs gSa vkSj dksbZ Hkh vPNh lykg ekuus dks rS;kjgSaA ge HkkX;'kkyh gSa fd ,sls dqN yksxksa us f'k{kd ds is'ks dks viuk;k gSA bu yksxksa ds lg;ksx ls 'kk;n getYn gh xjhc cfLr;ksa esa f'k{kk dh leL;kvksa dk dksbZ gy fudky ysaxsA

ijarq ,d ckr ls eu nq[kh gksrk gSA bu cgqxq.k lEiUu yksxksa dh ln~bPNkvksa] mudh vlhfer mQtkZ vkSjfu"Bk ds ckotwn] vU; f'k{kdksa tSls gh ;s Hkh var esa dqN vPNkbZ dh txg dqN vuFkZ gh djsaxsA mUgksaus cLrhds cPpksa ds ckjs esa dkiQh dqN i<+k vkSj lquk gSA mlds ckotwn Hkh os cgqr vf'kf{kr gSaA oks vius dke dsfy, iwjh rjg rS;kj ugha gSaA u gh os vius vuqHko ls lh[kus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA ;s f'k{kd vius iwoZ f'k{kdksads leku gh lh[kus dh lgh izÑfr dks ugha le>rsA cPpksa dks Ldwy dSls yxrs gSa] Ldwyksa ds izfr cPpksa dhD;k izfrfØ;k gksrh gS] vkSj oks D;ksa gksrh gS bldk Hkh bu f'k{kdkas dks dksbZ bYe ugha gksrk gSA cPpksa ds laca/esa ifjos'k vkSj lh[kus ds laca/ dks Hkh ;s ugha le>rsA dkSu lk ekgkSy lh[kus dks c<+kok nsrk gS vkSj mldkdSls fuekZ.k djuk gS oks Hkh bUgsa ugha irk gSA bu iz'uksa dks gh mUgksaus dHkh ugha iwNk gS muds mRrj [kkstus dhckr rks nwj jghA

,d dgkuh gS ftlesa ,d xzkeh.k ls iksLV&vkfiQl dk irk iwNk tkrk gSA oks dbZ izdkj ls jkLrk crkus dhdksf'k'k djrk gS ijUrq var esa grk'k gksdj dgrk gS] ^lp ckr rks ;g gS fd vki ;gka ls iksLV&vkfiQl igqapgh ugha ldrs gSaA* ftl fcUnq ls ;s ukStoku 'kq: gq, gSa] ogka ls os vius xUrO; rd dHkh igqap gh ughaik,axsA oks ,slh f'k{kk rd ugha igqap ik,axs ftlls muds Nk=kksa dk thou vkyksfdr gksA mudk f'k{kk dk ekWMycqfu;knh :i esa bruk [kjkc vkSj [kksVk gS fd mlesa iScUn yxkus vkSj ejEer ls dksbZ iQk;nk ugha gksxkA

vc f'k{kk laca/h mudh ckrphr dks gh lqusa%f'k{kd (d)% ^eq>s lqcg ds le; Ldwy ds le; vkus esa dqN Hk; yxrk gSA blhfy, eSaus viuh d{kk esa

i<+kbZ dh 'kqjQvkr l[rh ls dhA fiNyh iwjh xfeZ;ksa esa eq>s i<+krs le; Mj yxrk jgk vkSj eSa dkairh jghAijUrq ckn esa fLFkfr mruh cqjh ugha jghA eq>s cgqr lh ckrksa ds [kjkc gksus dk Mj lrk jgk FkkA ,slk yx jgkFkk fd cPps esjh dgh ckr dh vulquh djsaxs vkSj d{kk esa vjktdrk iQSy tk,xhA esjk ekuuk Fkk fd d{kk esagjsd dke O;ofLFkr <ax ls gksuk pkfg, ugha rks cPps Bhd ls lh[ksaxs ughaA vxj oks ,d&nwljs ls /hjs&/hjsiQqliQqlkdj cksyrs gSa rks dksbZ ckr ugha gS ijarq mUgas viuh vkokt+ ds Lrj dks ,dne U;wure j[kuk pkfg,A*

eSa ;gka ,d fVIi.kh djuk pkgrk gwaA ;g ckr mu cPpksa ds fy, dgh tk jgh gS ftudks Hkk"kk ds mi;ksxdk cgqr de vuqHko gSA vc vkxs dk gky%

f'k{kd ([k)% ^[ksydwn okys f'k{kd us O;oLFkk cukus esa esjh lgk;rk dhA geus gjsd gÝrs ,d gh dkedjrs FksA yM+ds ckLdsVcky [ksyrs vkSj yM+fd;ka jLlh dwnrh FkhaA eq>ss yxk fd cPpksa dks dqN lkewfgd [ksy[ksyus pkfg, vkSj dqN jslksa esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg, ijarq eSa bl dk;ZØe dks gj gÝrs ykxw djus esa vliQy jghA*

f'k{kd (x)% ^dHkh&dHkh eSa nwljs f'k{kd ls iwNrh gw¡ fd oks dkSu lk ikB i<+k jgh gSA vxj oks Hkh esjhgh rjg /heh xfr ls pyrh gS rks eq>s vPNk yxrk gSA vxj dksbZ f'k{kd eq> ls dbZ vè;k; vkxs gksrk gS rksesjs isV esa nnZ gksus yxrk gSA

^d{kk esa i<+kbZ dks ysdj fiNM+uk cM+s 'keZ dh ckr gksrh gSA mUgsa yxk fd d{kk esa ,d fu;r lkj.kh gSftlds vuqlkj dke vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A nwljs bls liQyrkiwoZd iwjk dj jgs Fks vkSj os bls ugha dj ik jgs

FksA*^var esa lqcg dh vlsacyh esa dqN O;oLFkk cuk ikbZA eSa O;oLFkk cukus ds fy, opuc¼ FkhA*f'k{kd (?k)% ^eq>s rc yxk Fkk] vkSj vHkh Hkh yxrk gS fd vPNs vuq'kklu dk eryc gksrk gS tc eth+Z

djs cPpksa dk è;ku vkdf"kZr dj ikukA vxj ,slk ugha gksxk rks ckn esa d{kk dks et+cwrh ls viuh fxjÝr esays ikuk cgqr eqf'dy gks tk,xkA

^vkidks var esa d{kk esa vuq'kklu ykxw djuk gh iM+sxk D;ksafd rHkh vki dqN i<+k ik,axsA vkidks ,dle;&lkfj.kh Hkh r; djuh gksxh vkSj mls yxkrkj ykxw djuk gksxkA*

laiknd% ^izR;sd u;k f'k{kd vuq'kklu ds ckjs esa fiQØ djrk gSA u, f'k{kdksa ds fnekx esa cl gh ,d ghckr yxkrkj ?kwerh jgrh gS% ¶D;k cPps esjh vkKk dk ikyu djsaxs\¸

mQij ds m¼j.kksa ls ;gh yxrk gS fd ;s f'k{kd O;oLFkk] fu;a=k.k] vkKk vkSj vuq'kklu ls gh iwjh rjgxzLr gSaA mudk f'k{kk vkSj d{kk dk ekWMy] fdlh iQSDVªh dh vlsacyh&ykbu tSlk gS ftlesa cPps lcls var esavkrs gSaA blesa cPps [kkyh I;kyksa tSls vius&vius lgh fBdkuksa ij j[ks gksrs gSaA f'k{kd dk dke bu [kkyhcrZuksa esa vaxzsth] xf.kr vkfn dk lqfuf'pr ek=kkvksa esa Kku maMsyuk gksrk gSA maMsyus dk dke vklku gksrk gSvkSj bls dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gSA f'k{kd funsZf'kdkvksa esa tks ckrsa fy[kh gksrh gSa mUgsa dksbZ Hkh vklkuh ls djldrk gSA f'k{kd dk vlyh dke cPPkksa dks Kku maMsyrs le; duos;j csYV ij pqi cSBkuk gSA 'kk;nblhfy, ;g f'k{kd vkSj ckdh vU; f'k{kd Hkh ;g lksprs gSa fd f'k{kk dk eq[; dke O;oLFkk cukus dk gksrkgSA muds vuqlkj O;ofLFkr ekgkSy esa cPpksa ds lh[kus dk dke vius vki 'kq: gks tk,xkA

'kgjksa ds Ldwyksa esa rks ;g rjhdk dkiQh dkjxj lkfcr gqvk gSA fiQj xjhc cfLr;ksa ds Ldwyksa esa ;g dkeD;ksa ugha djrk gS\

lekt'kkL=kh lkaLÑfrd oapu ds fl¼kar dk ft+Ø djrs gSaA bldk t+:j dqN laca/ gS ij vf/d ughaA'kgjh Ldwy Hkh iwjh rjg mckmQ vkSj [kkSiQukd gksrs gSa ijUrq eè;e&oxhZ; cPps mudks blfy, >syrs gSa D;ksafdo;Ld muds lkeus ykyp vkSj lt+k dk tky jprs gSaA xjhc cfLr;ksa ds cPps] vkSj fdlh Hkh Ldwy esackj&ckj iQsy gksus okys cPpksa dk /hjs&/hjs ykyp ls ;dhu gV tkrk gS vkSj os ltk+ ls Mjuk Hkh can dj nsrsgSaA bu cPpksa dks Li"V irk gksrk gS fd iqjQLdkj rks mUgsa dksbZ feysxk ughaA tgka rd lt+k dh ckr gS cPpksadks irk gksrk gS fd ,d lhek ds ckn lekt mUgsa vf/d dM+h lt+k ugha ns ldrk gSA /hjs&/hjs cPps lt+kds vH;Lr gks tkrs gSaA vH;Lr gh ugha os lt+k esa ,d rjg dk xoZ eglwl djrs gSaA tc fdlh cPps dks dbZniQk lekt ls ckgj iQsad fn;k tkrk gS rks fiQj mls lekt ls ckgj gh jguk vPNk yxus yxrk gSA

xjhc cfLr;ksa ds fy, gesa ,d csgrj f'k{kk pkfg,A cPpkas dh lPph lh[k] mudh mRlqdrk dks 'kkar djusokyh lh[k ds dkj.k gh ,d vPNh O;oLFkk cusxhA ,slh lh[k tkss cPpksa dks mudh vklikl dh nqfu;k dksle>us esa lgk;d gksA ,slh lh[k tks mudh xjhch dh ft+anxh dks dqN csgrj] dqN thus ;ksX; cukus esa ennnsA

bl izdkj dh lh[kus dh i¼fr dks ge d{kkvksa esa dSls fØ;kafor dj ldrs gSa\ bldks ysdj dqN vPNkdke gqvk gS vkSj dqN csgrjhu fdrkcsa fy[kh xbZ gSa tSls & flfYo;k ,'Vu okuZj dh iqLrd Vhpj vkSj ikSyxqMeSu dh iqLrd dEiYljh fel,M~;wds'kuA nqHkkZX;o'k] bu pkjksa f'k{kdksa dh iqLrd&lwph esa ;s nksuksa fdrkcsaunkjn gSaA blfy, vxj dksbZ dfj'ek ugha gksxk rks ;s f'k{kd viuh d{kkvksa dks lh[kus dh iQSfDVª;ksa esa cnyusdk la?k"kZ djrs jgsasxsA gks ldrk gS fd mudk blij ls fo'okl mB tk, vkSj os f'k{kd dk is'kk gh NksM+ nsaAgks ldrk gS os ,dne Hkh: vkSj vkKkdkjh cPpksa dks i<+kus yxsa ;k fiQj dksbZ iz'kklfud dke djus yxsaA ijarq;g muds gquj vkSj vkn'kksZa dk guu gksxkA

1965

V

tsy esa cPps

fofyt Ldwy MkmuVkmu] ys[kd ihVj JSxM sF k ,V ,u vyh Z , Wt% n fMLV ªD'ku vk Wi Q n g kV Zl , aM ekbUMl vk Wi Q u hx z k s fpYM ªu bu n ck W LVu

ifCyd LdwYl] ys[kd tksuksFku dkst+ksycM+s 'kgjksa esa ifCyd Ldwyksa dk iru] gekjs le; dh lcls nnZukd lkekftd ?kVukvksa esa ls ,d gSA mlds

dkj.k gh mu yk[kksa yksxksa dks 'kgjksa ls iyk;u djus dks et+cwj gksuk iM+k gS ftuds /u] gquj] izf'k{k.k vkSjjQfp;ksa ls 'kgj ft+ank vkSj lqlaLÑr LFkku FksA 'kgjksa esa cps xjhc vkSj uhxzks yksxksa vkSj 'kgj dh laLÑfr vkSjlaLFkkvksa ds chp dh [kkbZ c<+h gSA Ldwyksa dk ekuuk gS fd os Lo;a 'kgjh iru ds f'kdkj gSa] os mlds dkj.kugha gSaA ijarq lPPkkbZ rks ;g gS fd Ldwyksa dh vPNh euksdkeukvksa vkSj leL;kvksa ds ckotwn os 'kgjh iru dkdkj.k vkSj mlds f'kdkj Hkh gSaA

gekjs 'kgjh Ldwy fdrus [kjkc gSa\ os brus [kjkc dSls gq,\ ;g nksuksa iqLrdsa esjs vius 'kgj ckWLVu esaifCyd Ldwyksa dh n'kk dk inkZiQk'k djrh gSaA nksuksa ds rjhds ,d&nwljs ls fcYdqy fHkUu gSaA JSx iwjs Ldwyhra=k dk ckgj ls voyksdu djrs gSaA ,d vPNs 'kks/drkZ dh gSfl;r ls JSx Ldwyksa dks ,d laosnu'khy vkSjoLrqfu"B n`f"Vdks.k ls ij[krs gSaA mudk 'kks/ larqfyr] lgh] et+kfd;k vkSj vuqcks/d gSA nwljh vksj dkst+ksydh iqLrd mu Ldwyksa dk van:uh [kqyklk djrh gSA bleas mu Ldwyksa }kjk uhxzks cPpksa ij fd, nqjO;ogkj dko.kZu gS tgka ij dkst+ksy us [kqn i<+k;kA mudh iqLrd oLrqfu"B Hkys gh u gks] oks ,dne lgh u yxs ijarqmlesa Hkjiwj lPpkbZ gSA oks JSx tSls nkuo dks mldk Js; nsuk ugha pkgrs os fliQZ nkuo D;k djrk gS mlsfn[kkuk pkgrs gSaA

JSx ls gesa lcls igys ;g ekywe iM+rk gS fd%'kgj ds ,d&frgkbZ ls vf/d Ldwy ipkl lky ls T+;knk iqjkus gSa] dbZ Ldwy rks nks lkS lky ls Hkh T+;knk

iqjkus gSaA chl esa ls vV~Bkjg Ldwy] tks igys egk;q¼ ls igys cus Fks esa i<+us okys uCcs izfr'kr cPps uhxzks gSaAbuesa ls dqN Ldwy rks ,dne [kaMgj gSa vkSj dqN esa cgqr T+;knk cPPks gSa vkSj oks vius vklikl dkiQh xanxhiQSykrs gSaA

mlds ckotwn fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa 'kgj esa ,d Hkh u;k Ldwy ugha cuk gS] tcfd 'kgj ds es;j vkSj flVhdkmafly us 290 yk[k Mkyj ds fuekZ.k iQaM dks eatwjh nh FkhA Ldwyksa esa midj.kksa dh gkyr Hkh bekjr lsdksbZ vf/d vPNh ugha gS%

dqN Ldwyksa esa gjsd d{kk esa iSarkfyl ls vf/d cPps Bqals gSaA dqN Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa dks d{kk,a fdlhrg[kkus] Hkkstud{k ;k fiQj fdlh vU; vLFkk;h LFkku ij yxkuh iM+rh gSaA ,syhesaVjh Ldwyksa esa dksbZ iqLrdky;ugha gS vkSj cgqr de gkbZ Ldwyksa esa gh dksbZ iqLrdky; gSA ogka Hkh vf/dka'k iqLrdsa iQVh&iqjkuh vkSj xanh gSavkSj ubZ iqLrdksa dh cgqr de izfr;ka gSaA

vk'p;Z dh ckr rks ;g gS fd u rks iz'kkld vkSj u gh fuokZfpr Ldwy desVh bl leL;k ls fucVus dsckjs esa dqN dj jgh gSA os rks bl fLFkfr dks leL;k ekurs gh ughaA JSx ds vuqlkj] ¶bl dkj.k fiV~lcxZ esau, fuekZ.k ds i{k esa lkekftd lgkuHkwfr vftZr djus ds fy, ogka dk iz'kklu VwVh&iQwVh Ldwyh bekjrksa dsfp=k Nkirk gSA fiV~lcxZ esa Ldwyksa esa dejksa dh raxh dks ysdj ipsZ Nirs gSa ijarq ckWLVu esa ,slk dqN ugha gksrkgSA iz'kkldksa dks mudh xfYr;ksa ds fy, nafMr djus dh ctk, ckWLVu esa Ldwy desfV;ka] iz'kklu ds lkFkfeydj leL;k dks <adus dk Hkjiwj iz;kl djrh gSaA vxj gka] /u ds vHkko esa dHkh vPNs Ldwy Hkh [kjkcbekjrksa esa py ldrs gSaA ijarq ckWLVu Ldwyh ra=k ds ikl /u dh dksbZ deh ugha gS] vkSj mlus dHkh /u dkjksuk jks;k gh ugha gSA

bl ra=k esa dqN van:uh [kjkch gS%

'kgj ds vf/dka'k f'k{kd] fuEu&eè;e oxZ ls vkrs gSaA os ,d&tSls Ldwy vkSj dkystksa esa i<+rs gSaA f'k{kdksaesa dqN brkyoh] dqN ;gwnh vkSj cgqr de gh uhxzks gSaA nks lkS f'k{kdksa esa ls dsoy ,d gh uhxzks gSA ckWLVu esa,d&nks ;gwnh fizafliy Hkh gSaA (ckWLVu esa 1966 esa igyh ckj dksbZ uhxzks fizafliy cukA) f'k{kk ra=k ds yxHkxlHkh mPp vf/dkjh ckWLVu dkyst ds Lukrd gSaA lHkh fupys rcds ls mBdj mQij vk, gSa vkSj lHkh us blra=k esa yxHkx rhl lky fcrk, gSaA vf/dka'k dh mez ipkl lky ls vf/d gS vkSj lHkh dSFkksfyd gSaA f'k{kkds lqfizaVsUMsaV fofy;e ,p vksgjsucxZj dks NksM+dj] ckdh lHkh ewyr% vk;jySaM ds gSaA

JSx ,d izfl¼ dSFkksfyd vkykspd ds gokys ls dgrs gSa fd ckWLVu esa liQy gksus ds fy, ^vkidksdSFkksfyd gksuk gh iM+sxkA fdlh xSj&dSFkksfyd dks f'k{kk lqfizaVsUMsaV cukus dh ckr lksph Hkh ugha tk ldrhA*;g ra=k iwjh rjg ls cUn gSA ;gka ckgj ls dHkh Hkh fdlh O;fDr dks vUnj ugha vkus fn;k tkrk gSA*

bl iwjs f'k{kk ra=k vkSj mlds yksxksa dh] tSlh fd mEehn Fkh] ,d gh J`¼k gS & fd cPps iqjkus rFkkf?kls&fiVs rF;ksa dks jV dj lh[ksaA f'k{kdksa dks Hkh izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa muds rF;ksa dks jVus vkSj mUgsa mxyusdh {kerk ds vk/kj ij pquk tkrk gSA vkSj ckn esa f'k{kd blh iz.kkyh dk viuh d{kkvksa esa mi;ksx djrs gSaAJSx dh iqLrd dk lcls nq[kh [kaM oks gS ftlesa os ckWLVu ds Ldwyksa esa ?kVh ,d ?kVuk dk gw&cgw o.kZu djrsgSaA vaxzsth dh d{kk esa ,d f'k{kd ,d dfork ^e`R;q ds lkFk esjh HksaV* (vkbZ gSo , jsaMsow fon MsFk) ij ppkZdj jgk FkkA f'k{kd iwNrk gS] ^vkf[kj bl HksaV dk D;k vFkZ gS\*

mRrj% (,d yM+dk [kM+k gksdj dgrk gS) bldk eryc gS feyukAiz'u% ;g feyu dc gksrk gS\mRrj% olar esaAiz'u% bu iafDr;ksa esa dfo e`R;q dh fdl pht+ ls rqyuk djrk gS\mRrj% ,d ekuo lsAiz'u% bls D;k dgrs gSa\mRrj% ekuohdj.kA

vkfn] vkfnA vc ,d vU; d{kk ij ut+j MkysaA

iz'u% tgka rd usiksfy;u dh ckr gS bVyh mlds fy, fdl rjg ls vPNh Fkh\mRrj% usiksfy;u ogka ij vius fj'rsnkjksa dks mQaps vksgnks ij fu;qDr dj ldrk FkkAiz'u% usiksfy;u ,d vPNk] ikfjokfjd vkneh FkkA mls bVyh esa D;k feyk\mRrj% cs'kdherh fp=kksa dk laxzgA

,d vU; Ldwy esa]iz'u% D;k gesa Økafr esa liQyrk feyh] iQqV\mRrj% gkaAiz'u% gka ;g rks lgh gSA mlds ckn ljdkj xfBr djus ds fy, ,d ;kstuk cukuh iM+hA mldk uke D;k

Fkk\mRrj% lafo/kuAiz'u% eSa rqEgsa dl dj flj ij ek:axkA (f'k{kd viuk gkFk mBkrk gSA)mRrj% jkteaMy ds vuqPNsnAiz'u% ;g D;k cyk gSa\ (ikB~;iqLrd ds iUus iyVrk gS)

mRrj% gekjh ljdkj dh igyh ;kstukA

vkfn] vkfnA ,d vU; esaiz'u% oks dqRrksa dh Lyst ls D;ksa x,\mRrj% D;ksafd ogk¡ ij cgqr lh ciQZ FkhAiz'u% ekbZfdy] rVorhZ bykds ds ikl dh t+ehu dSls gksrh gS\mRrj% igkM+hAiz'u% oks rV dks D;k djrs gSa\mRrj% f'kdkj djrs gSaAiz'u% oks fdlh Hkh rV ij D;k djrs gSa\mRrj% eNyh idM+rs gSaA

bu d{kkvksa dh ,d ckr gS tks vk'p;Z esa Mkyrh gSA blesa ,d ppkZ ikapoh] ,d lkroha] ,d ukSoha vkSj,d vU; mPp d{kk ds Nk=kksa ds fy, gS ijarq ppkZ dh xq.koRrk ds vk/kj ij vki d{kk dk dksbZ vuqekuugha yxk ldrs gSaA vPNs Ldwyksa dh igyh d{kk dh ppkZ,a Hkh blls dgha vf/d jkspd vkSj csgrj gksrh gSaA

bl izdkj dh f'k{kk ds D;k urhts fudysaxs mudk vklkuh ls vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d t+ekus esagkbZ Ldwyksa ls fudyus okys Nk=k ftUgsa pksVh ds dkystksa esa nkf[kyk feyrk Fkk muesa ckWLVu loZizFke FkkA ijarqvkt ckWLVu esa gkbZ Ldwy ls fudyus okys dsoy ,d&pkSFkkbZ Nk=k gh fdlh dkyst esa nkf[kyk ysrs gSaA JSx dsvkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 93]000 dh vkcknh esa ckWLVu esa dsoy 4]454 Lukrd gSaA blls irk pyrk gS fd gkbZLdwy ls ikl gksus okys Nk=kksa ds xzsMl jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls dgha uhps gksrs gSa vkSj vkxs tkdj ;s xzsMl vkSj degks tkrs gSaA

oSls ;g ra=k dHkh Hkh cgqr dYiuk'khy ugha Fkk ijarq fiQj Hkh dkepykmQ FkkA fdu dkj.kksa ls /hjs&/hjs blra=k dh mQtkZ] bPNk'kfDr vkSj uSfrdrk lekIr gqbZ\ bl ckjs esa JSx ,dne Li"Vrk ls dqN ugha dgrs gSa ijarqmuds vuqlkj ;g voufr Ldwyksa esa vejhfd;ksa dh txg] vkbfj'k dSFkfydksa dh fu;qfDr ds dkj.k gqbZA ;gtkap dkiQh lrgh gS vkSj ,d fo'ks"k leqnk; dh vksj bafxr djrh gSA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd orZeku esa f'k{kk esalcls dYiuk'khy iz;ksxdrkZ vkSj lq/kjd dSFkksfyd gh gSaA blfy, dSFkfydksa }kjk fu;af=kr Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk[kjkc gh gksxh ;g ekuuk xyr gksxkA nwljh vksj ckWLVu esa Ldwyh f'k{kk dk iru ,d lekukUrj izfØ;k dkurht+k gSA bl 'kSf{kd iru dks mu Ldwyksa esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS tgk¡ ij dSFkksfyd] vkbfj'k izHkko cgqrde gSA

ijarq eq>s JSx dh tkap esa ,d ckr lPph yxrh gSA ckWLVu esa ftu f'k{kdksa us] Ldwyksa dks iwoZ vejhfd;ksa lsvius gkFkksa esa fy;k os lHkh ,d fuEu&eè;e oxhZ;] xSj&cqf¼thoh i`"BHkwfe ls vk, FksA blfy, mUgksaus f'k{kkdks Hkh iz'kklfud lsok dk gh ,d vax ekukA oks f'k{kk ds {ks=k eas blfy, ugha vk, Fks D;ksafd mudh f'k{kk esadksbZ jQfp Fkh vkSj lh[kuk&fl[kkuk mUgsa ilan FkkA os f'k{kk esa blfy, vk, D;ksafd ;gka ij de dkcfy;r dsckotwn oks lsokfuo`fr rd] vkjke ls viuk thou;kiu dj ldrs FksA ;kfu ds os yksx f'k{kk esa mUgha dkj.kksals vk, ftu dkj.kksa ls yksx iqfyl ;k iksLV&vkWfiQl esa HkrhZ gksrs gSaA ;kfu f'k{kk foHkkx dh ukSdjh lqjf{kr]vkjkens; vkSj izfrf"Br Fkh ftlds ekè;e ls lkekftd&vkfFkZd lh<+h ij vklkuh ls dqN mQij p<+k tk ldrkFkkA

,sls yksx] pkgsa os fdlh Hkh i`"BHkwfe ls vk, gksa] dHkh Hkh vPNs f'k{kd ugha cu ldrsA ,sls f'k{kd] xjhccfLr;ksa ds Ldwyh cPpksa dh dqN Hkh lgk;rk djus esa vleFkZ gksaxsA ,d vksj ,sls f'k{kd lkekU;r% viuhfLFkfr dks ysdj cspSu jgrs gSa vkSj 'kk;n blh dkj.k os d{kk esa] lRrk vkSj fu;a=k.k dks vf/d egRo nsrs gSaAos gjsd O;fDrxr leL;k dks viuh lRrk ds f[kykiQ pqukSrh le>rs gSaA nwljh vksj] ,Mxj ÚkbfMucxZ ds

vuqlkj] bu f'k{kdksa ds ewY; vkSj crkZo dkiQh ckt+k: vkSj O;olkf;d gksrs gSa] tks fd cPpksa] [kkldj xjhccLrh ds cPpksa ds vjktd ewY;ksa ls Vdjkrs gSaA ,d vU; ckr Hkh gSA ,sls f'k{kd u rks jkspd gksrs gSa vkSj ugh mudh fdlh 'kkSd esa jQfp gksrh gSA os f'k{kk dks ^vkxs c<+us* dk ,d vL=k ekurs gSaA thou esa vf/dvkxs ugha tkus ds dkj.k ;s f'k{kd vius Nk=kksa dks Hkh vf/d izsfjr djus esa vliQy jgrs gSaA muds dgs vkSjvudgs lq>koksa dk cl ,d gh lkj gksrk gS] ^esgur ls i<+ksxs rks ,d fnu rqe Hkh esjs tSls cuksxs*A muds Nk=kbldk pqipki mRrj nsrs gSa] ^rqe fugk;r dEc[r gksA Hkyk rqEgkjs tSlk dkSu cuuk pkgsxk\* D;ksafd ;g f'k{kdgky gh esa xjhch dh js[kk ls mQij mBs gSa blfy, oks xjhc cPpksa dks vHkh Hkh Hk;] ?k`.kk vkSj gs; n`f"V lsns[krs gSaA viuh bu Hkkoukvksa dks oks pkgus ds ckn Hkh fNikus esa vleFkZ jgrs gSaA

f'k{k.k dk dk;Z ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA eq>s vius f'k{k.k ds dke dks cgqr gh vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa djusdk lkSHkkX; izkIr gqvk gSA eq>s vius rjhdksa dks lkexzh dks mi;ksx djus dh iwjh NwV feyhA esjh d{kkvksa esavDlj de Nk=k gh gksrs Fks tks vxj cgqr mRlqd ugha rks Hkh ckr ekurs FksA Ldwy dk iz'kklu esjh i¼fr dks'kk;n le> ugha ikrk Fkk fiQj Hkh oks esjh Hkjld lgk;rk djrs FksA esjh f'k{kk esa xgjh jQfp gS vkSj eq>s lHkhcPpksa dh laxr esa vkuan vkrk gSA bl lcds ckotwn eq>s d{kk esa i<+kuk cgqr dfBu yxrk gS vkSj eSa f'k{k.kds dke ls csgn fujk'k vkSj fujQRlkfgr gks tkrk gwaA vxj ;g ,d izsfjr O;fDr dk gky gS rks ftu yksxksa dsfy, f'k{k.k dk dke egt ,d ukSdjh gS mudk gky D;k gksxkA mUgsa viuh iwjh fta+nxh dsoy vkns'kksa dkikyu djuk gksxkA mUgsa viuh izsj.kk] dYiuk'khyrk vkSj cqf¼ dks rkd ij j[kuk gksxk vkSj dsoy dke djokusokys eSustj] iqfyleSu vkSj tt dk jksy fuHkkuk gksxkA dkxt+ vkSj iQkbyksa ds iqfyans dHkh mudk ihNk ughaNksM+saxs vkSj mUgsa rqPN iz'kklfud dke djuk gksxkA gj jkst+ mUgsa mQcs vkSj fojks/h cPpksa dk lkeuk djuk gksxkAf'k{kd dks u rks dHkh vPNh ru[okg feysxh vkSj u gh lekt esa] ;k f'k{kdksa ds vius leqnk; esa mfprlEeku feysxkA f'k{kk dh ukSdj'kkgh esa Hkh f'k{kd dks ges'kk fupys nt+sZ dk et+nwj ;k I;knk le>k tk,xkA ,slsbalku ds fy, i<+kus dk dke csgn mckmQ vkSj d"Vnk;d gksxkA dy jkr ,d vkneh us f'k{kk esa uokpkj ijesjs Hkk"k.k dks lqudj eq>ls dgk] ^eq>s Mj gS fd ukStoku yksxksa dks ;g mckmQ dke djuk gh iM+sxkA ns[kks eSapkyhl lky dh mez esa gh iwjh rjg [kRe gks pqdk gwaA* ,d lsdaM ds fy, eq>s vk';pZ gqvk] ijarq irk pyusij eSa mldh ckr dks le> ik;kA mls vius ifjokj ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k ds fy, lkjh fta+nxh nks ukSdfj;ka djuhiM+ha Fkha & i<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d vU; vkSj ukSdjhA

bl izdkj ds yksx vius vkiesa ghjks gSaA muds thou Hkj ds la?k"kZ ds fy, gesa mudk vknj djuk pkfg,Agesa vius vkils ;g Hkh iwNuk pkfg, & D;ksafd ge ges'kk f'k{kk ra=k ds l[r] ladh.kZ vkSj lRrkoknh gksus dhnqgkbZ nsrs gSa] fd Lora=krk ,sls yksxksa ds fy, D;k ek;us j[krh gS ftUgksaus u rks igys dHkh Lora=krk p[kh gSvkSj tks vHkh Hkh ijra=k gSaA buesa ls dbZ ^Lora=krk* dh j{kk ds fy, rdZ djus] yM+us vkSj ;gka rd fd ejus(ckdh lHkh dks ekjus) dks Hkh rS;kj gSaA blls mudk ,d Hk; vkSj lqn`<+ gksrk gS fd fdlh vU; ns'k esa mUgsavkSj Hkh vf/d dke djuk iM+sxk vkSj mUgsa ;gka ls Hkh de bZuke feysaxsA blfy, vxj mUgsa xqykeh djuh ghgS] rks mlds fy, ;gh lcls loZJs"B ns'k gSA

bl izdkj ds yksxksa ls vis{kk djuk fd os ^Lora=krk* dh j{kk djsaxs] mlds fy, yM+saxs vkSj mldk iks"k.kdjsaxs] fcYdqy xyr gksxkA ^Lora=krk* dks os ,d eagxh oLrq le>rs gSa] ftls os dHkh [kjhn ugha ik, gSaAblfy, os] Lora=krk pkgus okys yksxksa] vkSj muesa cgqr ls cPps 'kkfey gSa dks ukilan djrs gSaA bruk gh ugha]os ^Lora=krk* izsfe;ksa dks [krjk ekurs gSaA muds fy, ^Lora=krk* ls yksx ges'kk eqf'dyksa esa iQalrs gSaA fiNys ghfnu ,d f'k{kd esa eq>ls dgk] ^ge tSls gh dqN cM+s gksrs gSa] lekt gekjs mQij ,d BIik yxk nsrk gSA* ;gdgrs gq, mlus vius gkFkksa ls] vaMksa ds mQij BIik yxkus dk vfHku; fd;k & ^vkSj blesa ugha fiQV gksrk gSmls nqRdkj fn;k tkrk gSA vkids rjhds ls tks cPps i<+saxs mudk D;k gksxk\ os ftank dSls jgsaxs\* blh rtZ ijdHkh fdlh us ;g fy[kk FkkA ^tks xk; nw/ fudkyus dk cfg"dkj djs mls tYnh gh yach uhan lqyk nksA* cgqr

ls f'k{kd blh izdkj dk ut+fj;k j[krs gSaA pqi cSBksA tks crk;k x;k gS mls gh djksA ckYVh (;kfu ra=k) dks/Ddk er nksA

;g izkÑfrd gS fd ;g yksx /hjs&/hjs oSls cu x, gks ftudk lqaqnj fp=k.k ,MeaM Vsyj us viuh iqLrdfjpj ckb Z ,f'k;k esa fd;k gSA blesa oks ^lkfgc&jksx* dk ftØ djrs gSaA blesa eu esa ,slk iDdk fo'okl gkstkrk gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vki enn djus fudys gSa] mudh lgk;rk gh ugha dh tk ldrh gS vkSj 'kk;n oksenn ds dkfcy Hkh ugha gSaA blfy, cgqr ls f'k{kd vius dke vkSj thou esa ftu O;FkZrkvksa vkSj dqaBkvksa dkseglwl djrs gSa mUghsa ds dkj.k os mu cPpksa ls lfØ; ?k`.kk djus yxrs gSa ftUgsa os i<+kus ds fy, vk, FksAviuh iqLrd esa tkSuksFku dkst+ksy us bl ?k`.kk dh lhek dks n'kkZ;k gS vkSj mlds ohHkRl urhtksa dk mYys[kfd;k gSA ,d o"kZ jkSDlcxZ ds Ldwyksa esa fdlh LFkkbZ f'k{kd ds LFkku ij i<+kus ds nkSjku mUgksaus tks dqN ns[kk]lquk vkSj dgk mls mUgksaus bl iqLrd esa latks;k gSA viuh iqLrd esa mUgksaus ukeksa vkSj irksa dks cny fn;k gSftlls fd fdlh fo'ks"k f'k{kd dks igpk ikuk vlaHko gksA mudh ckdh dgkuh iwjh rjg lp gSA

;g dgkuh funZ;rk vkSj Øwjrk dh ,d vfo'oLuh; dFkk gSA mudh iqLrd dk izeq[k f'kdkj & vkSj oksdsoy vdsyk ugha LVhiQu uke dk uhxzks yM+dk gSA ^oks vkB o"kZ dk gS] NksVk] nq[kh vkSj chekjA oks ,dneHkh: izÑfr dk cPpk gSA eSlkP;wlsV~l dh ljdkj gh mldh ns[kHkky djrh gSA gj jkst+ oks Ldwy vkus lsigys gh cqjh rjg fiVrk gSA* bl eklwe] fujhg] NksVs ls cPps dks fdl rjg yrkM+k tkrk gS ml vR;kpkj dko.kZu djuk Hkh vlaHko gSA mls fp=kdkjh esa et+k vkrk gS vkSj oks cgqr dYiuk'khy rLohjsa cukrk gS] ijarqmlls dyk ds f'k{kd dks D;ksafd fn, x, fp=kksa esa jax Hkjokuk gh vPNk yxrk gS blfy, oks LVhiQu dk dkens[kdj mlij ngkM+rs gaSA ge ;g u Hkwysa fd LVhiQu dsoy vkB o"kZ dk gSA ^eq>s viuk fp=k nks! rqEgkjs jaxpkjksa rjiQ iQSys gSa! ns[kks rqeus ;g D;k fd;k! fiQj lkjs jaxksa dks vkil esa feyk fn;k! eq>s ugha irk fd gebl /wrZ cPps ij D;ksa dkxt+ cckZn dj jgs gSa! dpjk! csdkj! vkSj dpjk ,d ,slh pht+ gS tks eSa ugha Lohdkjd:axkA* LVhiQu ds f'k{kdksa dks ;g irk Fkk fd ckyd igys ls gh nq[kh Fkk] mldk vius fnekx ij fu;a=k.kugha Fkk ijarq mlds ckotwn f'k{kd mls ckal dh yphyh] yach lksaVh ls gkFk ij ekjrs FksA dkst+ksy ds vuqekuds vuqlkj] ^;g fiVkbZ eghus esa ,d ckj rks vo'; gksrh Fkh] ij ckn esa ;g gÝrs esa ,d&nks ckj gksus yxhA*,d vU; cPps ftldh maxyh esa pksV Fkh dks Hkh ckal dh NM+h ls gkFk ij ekjk x;kA blls mldh maxyh dhpksV bruh xaHkhj gks xbZ] fd vxys dbZ fnu mls vLirky esa xqtkjus iM+sA tc ml cPps dh eka us Ldwy dsiz'kklu ls bldh f'kdk;r dh rks mUgksaus ml fiVkbZ dks ^lgh* djkj fn;kA Ldwy ds iz'kklu us ,d dke vkSjfd;kA mUgksaus bl cPps dks ^tYnh Bhd gksus* dk ,d dkMZ vLirky esa vo'; HkstkA

;g ?kVuk ,dne ohHkRl yxrh gS] yxrk gS fdlh us >wB&ewB dh dgkuh jp nh gksA vc nsf[k, fd cPpksadks NM+h ls ekjus ds ckjs esa f'k{kdksa dh D;k jk; gSA ^tc vki ekjrs gSa rks vki dl dj] iwjk ne yxk djekjrs gSa ugha rks ml lt+k dk cPps ij dksbZ vlj gh ugha gksxkA* ^csar dks jkr Hkj fljds ;k ikuh esa Mqckus lsfiVkbZ ds le; cPps ds gkFk esa fephZ tSlh yxrh gSA* tc dkst+ksy us bl izdkj dh fiVkbZ dks dkuwu dsf[kykiQ crk;k rks ,d f'k{kd us dgk] ^dkuwu tk, HkkM+ esaA ge cl ;g fuxkg j[krs gSa fd dksbZ gesa ekjrsgq, ns[ks ughaA* ,d vU; f'k{kd us lykg nh] cPps dks ges'kk vdsys esa ekjks tc dksbZ ns[k ugha jgk gks vkSj;g lqfuf'pr djks fd cPps ds 'kjhj ij dksbZ pksV dk fu'kku u gksA blls vxj dHkh dksVZ&dpgjh esa Hkhekyek igqapk rks rqe mlls lkiQ badkj dj ldrs gksA ,d ckj nks cPpksa us viuk x`gdk;Z f'k{kd dks tek djfn;k FkkA brus lkjs dkxtksa esa bu cPpksa dk x`gdk;Z ugha fNi x;k ;k [kks x;kA rc f'k{kd us bu nksuksa cPpksadks d{kk esa lkeus cqykdj mUgsa MkaVk vkSj muij >wB cksyus dk bYtke yxk;kA bl izdkj dh vU; cgqr lkjh?kVuk,aA

eSa [kqn ls iwNrk gwa] ^D;k ;s ohHkRl dgkfu;ka lp gks ldrh gSa\ dgha dkst+ksy dh dYiuk us mM+ku rks ughaHkjh gS vkSj viuh uiQjr dh otg ls bu ?kVukvksa dks c<+k&p<+k dj rks ugha fy[kk gS\ D;k oks lp esa budklk{kh gS\* bu ?kVukvksa dh lPpkbZ ij dksbZ 'kd ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ldwy mls ,d eqlhcr [kM+k djus

okyk 'kSrku djkj nsrs gSaA ;g ckr lkiQ gS fd dkst+ksy us eqlhcr ls cpus ds fy, iz'kklu ds lkeus 'keZukdgn rd vius ?kqVus Vsds] vkSj muds vkns'kksa ds eqrkfcd dke fd;kA ra=k ls yM+us dh ctk, mlus yM+kbZ lscpus ds Hkjld iz;kl fd,A ml cPps dks dkSu Hkwy ldrk gS tks crkSj ltk] dbZ gÝrksa rd viuh d{kk dsnjokts ij [kM+k jgk] vkSj 'kkafr ls vanj vkus dh fujFkZd izkFkZuk djrk jgk\ eSaus [kqn cgqr ls uhxzks yM+dksa dksckrsa djrs gq, lquk gSA os dVqrk ls ugha ijarq etkd eaas] iqjkus lSfudksa dh rjg ckWLVu Ldwyksa ds fdLls lqukrs gSa& f'k{kdksa dk fpYykuk] xkyh nsuk] nhokj ls /Ddk nsuk vkSj NM+h ls ekjukA [kqn vuqHko djus ds ckn eSadkst+ksy ds o.kZu dks lp ekurk gwaA ckWLVu ds ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa de&ls&de uhxzks cPpksa ds lkFk cgqr ghcsgwnk] funZ;h vkSj Øwj O;ogkj gksrk gSA

dkst+ksy ,d vkSj dgkuh lqukrs gSa tks 'kk;n blls Hkh vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSA ;s oks dgkuh gSa ftuesa mUgsa uhxzkscPpksa ds lkFk oks dke Hkh djus dh vuqefr ugha feyh] tks dke vU; f'k{kd dqN xksjs cPpksa ds lkFk Ldwyesa djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkk"kk ds f'k{kd us ,d xksjs cPps dks ,d eagxh iqLrd nh] nwljs dhs xzh"e dSEitkus esa enn dh] vkSj ,d rhljh cPph vkSj mlds ikydksa dks feyus ds fy, cqyk;kA ijarq tc dkst+ksy us,d ckj ,d uhxzks cPps dks ?kj NksM+k] ;k fiQj oks LVhiQu dks ihckWMh E;wft+;e fn[kkus ys x;k] ;k fiQj feyusds fy, mlds ?kj x;k rks mls bu ckrksa ds fy, iQVdkj feyhA dkst+ksy dks vkxkg fd;k x;k fd oks d{kk esaLVhiQu dks vius ikl u vkus nsA bl izdkj LVhiQu tSls fujhg ckyd ds fliQZ ,d fe=k [kkstus ds lHkhiz;klksa dks foiQy dj fn;k x;kA

,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA ftruh Hkh ckj dkst+ksy vius f'k{k.k }kjk cPpksa dh jQfp txkus vkSj mUgsa izsfjrdjus esa liQy gqvk] mruh gh ckj mls tkucw> dj jksdk x;kA mlus cPpksa ds fy, bfrgkl ds fo"k; ij dqNiwjd lkexzh rS;kj dh Fkh ftlls cPpksa dks dikl dkrus dh e'khu vkSj xqykeh ds chp dk laca/ Li"V :ils le> esa vkrkA mls cPpksa dks bl lkexzh dks nsus ls jksdk x;kA mls e s j h t s u uked iqLrd dk mi;ksxdjus ls jksdk x;kA ;g iqLrd ml nf{k.h 'kgj ds ckjs esa gSa tgka igyh ckj ,d uhxzks ckyd fdlh xksjsLdwy esa tkrk gSA bl iqLrd dks det+ksj ikBd Hkh csgn jQfp ysdj i<+ jgs Fks ysfdu blds ckotwn Hkh bliqLrd ij ikcanh yxhA cgqr ls cPps ekfVZu ywFkj fdax twfu;j dh vkRedFkk i<+us ds cgqr bPNqd FksA ijarqmlds ckotwn bl iqLrd dks i<+us dh vuqefr ugha nh xbZA dkst+ksy us cPpksa dks ,d dk;Z fn;k ftlesa oksviuh nqfu;k dk o.kZu lPpkbZ ls dj ldrs FksA cPpksa us vius vklikl ds thou ds lqanj o.kZu fy[ksA ijarqbl dke ds fy, dkst+ksy dh xgjh vkykspuk gqbZA ikSy Dyh dh dqN isafVaXl us cPpksa dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZrfd;k ijarq bl nyhy ij fd ;g isafVaXl cPpksa ds Lrj ls mQij dh Fkha] mUgsa fn[kkus dh bt+ktr ugha feyhAdkst+ksy cPpksa dks ;hV~l vkSj ÚkWLV dh dfork,a lqukrs Fks] vkSj cPpksa dks mUgsa lquus esa cgqr vkuan vkrk FkkAbu ij Hkh ikcanh yxhA var esa dkst+ksy dks ySaXlVu g;wt+ dh ,d dfork ^tehankj* i<+dj lqukus ds vkjksi esamUgsa Ldwy ls fudky fn;k x;kA cgqr ls cPpksa dks ;g dfork bruh ilan vkbZ fd mUgksaus mls daBLFk djfy;kA

lPph ckr rks ;g gS fd dqN vioknksa dks NksM+dj gekjs 'kgj esa cLrh (Lye) ds Ldwyksa esa] muesa i<+usokys xjhc] fujhg cPpksa dks tkucw> dj iQsy djus dh j.kuhfr viukbZ tk jgh gSA bu cPpksa ds iQsy gksus esagh bu Ldwyksa dk fufgr LokFkZ gSA u rks ;g Ldwy [kqn liQy gksuk pkgrs gSa vkSj u gh fdlh vkSj dks liQygksus nsuk pkgrs gSaA vHkh rd eSa dbZ 'kgjksa ls ,sls dbZ vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa lqu pqdk gwa tgka ij f'k{kd cfLr;ksads xjhc cPpksa dks vPNh rjg i<+kus esa liQy gq, gSaA gj ckj iz'kklu us bu f'k{kdksa ds lkeus yxkrkjeqlhcrsa [kM+h dh gSaA vkSj dqN le; ckn bu f'k{kdksa dks ukSdjh ls c[kkZLr dj fn;k x;k gSA ,slk gksus dhmEehn Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA gekjs 'kgjh Ldwy xjhc cPpksa ds fy, ftruk de djrs gSa mUgsa bl dke dsvlaHko gksus dk mruk gh cM+k cgkuk cukuk iM+rk gSA blfy, vxj dksbZ deZB f'k{kd xjhc cPpksa dksliQyrkiwoZd i<+kus ds dk;Z esa liQy gksrk gS rks mlls iwjs ra=k FkjFkjkrk gS vkSj mlds vkRelEeku dks /Ddk

yxrk gSAdkst+ksy dh vkokt+ esa gesa cPpksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, phRdkj Hkh lqukbZ nsrh gSA ge mudh fdl izdkj

enn dj ldrs gSa\ ;gka JSx dqN ,slk jQ[k viukrs gSa ftlds fy, dksbZ lgkuqHkwfr tqVk ikuk eqf'dy gksxkA oks;gka vkizs'ku ,DlksMl dk o.kZu djrs gSa ftlesa uhxzks ekrk&firk vius [kpZ ij vius cPpksa dks cl }kjknwj&njkt+ ds de HkhM+ okys xksjh vkcknh okys bykdksa esa i<+us ds fy, Hkst jgs gSaA esVdks izdYi ds varxZrdqN izfr'kr uhxzks cPpksa dks] pan ckgjh bykdksa ds xksjs cPpksa ds Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk feyrk gSA cksMZeSu LdwyFkksM+k izxfr'khy gS vkSj ogka dqN iz;ksx vkSj uokpkj djus dh NwV gSA ,d vU; futh Ldwy [kqyk gS & U;wLdwy iQkWj fpYMªu ftldk lapkyu uhxzks Lo;a djrs gSaA buesa ls vf/dka'k eè;e oxhZ gSa vkSj Ldwy pykus dsfy, vf/dka'k iSlk ckgj ls vkrk gSA bu lc uokpkjksa vkSj iz;ksxksa dk JSx [kaMu djrs gSaA muds vuqlkj yksxksadk ^vlyh leL;k* ls è;ku gVkdj leL;k funku ds fy, yksxksa ds xqLls] vkØks'k] mQtkZ vkSj iSlksa dks'kfDrghu cuk;k tk jgk gSA blls fLFkfr vkSj cnrj gks ldrh gSA

orZeku le; esa pht+ksa dks ns[kus dk ;g lkekU; rjhdk gks ldrk gSA ge leL;kvksa ds mQij ls Fkksis]Hkkjh&Hkjde gy ilan djrs gSaA ge lc lkekU; deZpkfj;ksa dh ekufldrk ls xzLr gSaA ;gka ge dbZ eqn~~~~~~~~~~~nksa ijpqukSrh ns ldrs gSaA igyh ckr rks JSx dh ekU;rk dkiQh funZ;h gSA dqN yksx ,d Mwcrs vkneh dh tku cpkusesa yxs gSaA ;g muls ;g dgus tSlk gS fd os ^vlyh leL;k* ls è;ku gVk jgs gSaA ;gka ^vlyh leL;k* D;kgS\ ml >hy esa ls lkjk ikuh fudkyuk] ftlls oks lw[k tk, vkSj mlesa dksbZ dHkh u MwcsA vxj ;g lp HkhgS] rks D;k gqvk\ nwljh ckr gS fd ge tc dHkh Hkh uhxzks cPpksa ds f'k{k.k us rjhds [kkstrs gSa & pkgsa os futh;k fiQj fo'ks"k ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa gks] mudh viuh cfLr;ksa esa gks ;k fiQj ckgj xksjksa dh cfLr;ksa esa] gj ckjge ,d feFkd dks rksM+rs gSa fd uhxzks cPps i<+us esa vleFkZ gSaA lkFk esa ge ;g Hkh Li"V dj nsrs gSa fd vxjuhxzks cPps ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa i<+ ugha ik jgs gSa rks bldh ftEesnkjh u rks cPpksa dh gS vkSj u gh mudsifjokjksa dhA bldh iwjh ftEesnkjh Ldwyksa dh gSA ,d rhljh ckr gS ftlesa JSx dh xgjh vkLFkk gS & blesa iwjsftys ds 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dks tksM+us dh egkuxjh; ifj;kstuk dh dYiuk gSA ijarq ;g ;kstuk jktuSfrd:i ls e`r gSA 1967 dh xfeZ;ksa esa dqN jk"Vªh; f'k{kkfonksa us bl Ldhe ij dbZ fnuksa rd foLr`r ppkZ dhAlHkh f'k{kkfon loZlEefr ls ,d gh er ij igaqps fd fiV~lcxZ dks NksM+dj ckdh fdlh Hkh cM+s 'kgj esa ;gegkuxjh; ifj;kstuk dkjxj lkfcr ugha gksxhA 'kgj ls nwj ds bykdkas us bl ifj;kstuk dh 'kq: ls gh f[kykiQrdh gS vkSj blds dkj.k lkiQ vkSj Li"V gSaA bl bykds ds ,d lqifjaVsaMsUV] tks vius Ldwy esa dqN uhxzks cPpksadks nkf[ky djrs gSa vkSj ftudk JSx dkiQh vknj djrs gSa us Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk] ^gekjs Ldwy dk cksMZ ,slkdksbZ oksV ugha nsxk ftlls gekjk [kqn dk vfLrRo gh [kRe gks tk,A*

;g fcYdqy Bhd Hkh gSA vPNs vkSj [kjkc Ldwy cksMZ viuh&viuh Lok;Rrk fpids jgsaxsA JSx dks yxrk gSckWLVu vkSj nwj bykdksa esa fLFkr Ldwyksa dks vkil esa tksM+us ds i{k esa yksx oksV nsaxsA ijarq ,slk gksxk ughaA iwoZesa yksxksa us Jherh fgDl (,d le; esa Ldwy desVh dh pS;jeSu] tks es;j ds in ds fy, pan oksVksa ls gkjha)dks blfy, oksV fn;k Fkk D;ksafd os mUgsa vius esa ls ,d le>rs FksA ijarq Jherh fgDl vkSj mu tSls yksx]'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dks vkil esa tksM+us ds i{k esa ugha gksaxsA

var esa uhxzks leqnk; Lo;a egkuxjh; ifj;kstuk dk i{k/j ugha gS vkSj oks Ldwyksa ds ,dhdj.k ds f[kykiQgSaA muds vuqlkj vxj ge vius cPpksa dks bu lcls vPNs Ldwyksa esa Hkstrs Hkh gSa rks vf/d&ls&vf/d ogkads xksjs 'kkld gekjs cPpksa ds lkFk dqN vPNk O;ogkj djsaxs vkSj gks ldrk gS mUgsa ,d&vk/ VqdM+s Hkh ns nsaAmuesa ls vf/dka'k pkgrs gSa fd uhxzks leqnk; gh uhxzks cPpksa ds fy, Ldwy pyk,a] vkSj vc tks gkykr cus gSamuesa 'kk;n ;g laHkkouk lp Hkh gks ldrh gSA dqN ys[kdksa us rks ;gka rd fy[kuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS fd vxjegkuxjh; ifj;kstuk dHkh ykxw gqbZ rks oks uhxzks leqnk; ds i{k esa ugha] cfYd muds f[kykiQ gksxhA ;kuh blifj;kstuk ds ckn uhxzks leqnk;] f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa] dHkh Hkh lPph vkSj dkjxj jktuSfrd lRrk ugha gkfly djik,xkA

blfy, dqN le; ds fy, rks egkuxjh; ifj;kstuk ,dne fujFkZd gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa] jkSDlcxZ vkSj ns'k dsreke cM+s 'kgjksa dh >qXxh&>kasifM+;ksa esa jgus okys uhxzks cPps] lgk;rk ds fy, dgka tk,axs\ igyh ckr rks vxjge xkssjs yksxksa dks ,dhdj.k ds eqn~ns ij vf/d ugha lrk,a rks oks /hjs&/hjs bl lPpkbZ dks t+:j le>saxs fdmuds orZeku Ldwy u dsoy uhxzks cPpksa ds fy,] oju xksjs cPpksa ds fy, Hkh vPNs ugha gSaA mlds ckn oksmu Ldwyksa dks csgrj vkSj vPNk cukus ds ckjs esa lksp ldrs gSaA (ckWLVu vkSj dqN vU; 'kgjksa esa blds gksusds dqN ldkjkRed fpUg fn[kkbZ nsus yxs gSaA) ;gka ij gesa JSx dh fgEer vkSj lgh ut+fj, dh nkn nsuh ghiM+sxhA eSlkP;wlsV~l dk uLyksa ds chp xSjcjkcjh ds fu;eksa (jsf'k;y bEcSysal ykW) ds dkj.k ,d ekax cuh gSfd ftlls /uh yksx uhxzks leqnk; ls feyus ls drjkrs gSa vkSj xjhc gSa os uhxzks leqnk; ls vkSj vf/dfeyrs&tqyrs gSaA ;g ekax lgh ugha gS vkSj u gh bldk fØ;kUou laHko gSA vxj mnkj xksjs yksx pkgsa rks osi`Fddj.k dh uhfr dh] vkokl ds {ks=k esa f[kykiQr dj ldrs gSaA uhxzks cPpksa dks pkYlZVkmu] lkmFk ckWLVuvkSj ukFkZ ,aM ds fupys eè;e oxZ okys Ldwyksa esa dSls nkf[ky fd;k tk, bl ckr dks ge vHkh Hkwy tk,aA osvHkh O;Ld uhxzks] vkSj vius cPpksa dks nwj fLFkr /uh bykdksa tSls feYVu] U;wVu ;k osYlyh ds Ldwyksa esankf[ky djus dh ckr lkspsaA vxj ge var esa Ldwyksa esa ,dhdj.k ds y{; dks izkIr djus dh ckr lksp jgs gSarks mlds fy, xksjs yksxksa dk mQij crk, rjhds ds vuqlkj gh dke djuk pkfg,A

bl chp esa gekjs 'kgj ds yksx] cgqr de lk/uksa ds ckotwn vius Ldwyksa dks csgrj cuk ldrs gSaA vHkhrd cgqr ls vejhdh f'k{kkfonksa us baXySaM esa yhpsLVj'kk;j fLFkr Ldwyksa dks ns[kk gSA bu Ldwyksa esa xjhc rcdksads cPpksa dks] iqjkuh vkSj [kjkc fMt+kbu dh bZekjrksa vkSj de ctV ds ckotwn vOoy ntsZ dh f'k{kk izkIrgksrh gSA vxj ge pkgsa rks ge muls cgqr dqN lh[k ldrs gSaA ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk dkst+ksy us o.kZu fd;k gSmuesa Hkh dqN vPNk fd;k tk ldrk gSA oks fy[krs gSa] ^i<+us okys Nk=k vYekfj;ksa esa ftl izdkj dh fdrkcsaj[kha Fkha mUgsa ns[kdj mQcs vkSj mUgksaus [kqn dks yfTtr eglwl fd;kA* ijarq muls ge ;g D;ksa u iwNsa fd osD;ksa cksj gq, vkSj mUgksaus vius vkidks D;ksa yfTtr eglwl fd;k] vkSj mlds vk/kj ij ge vPNh vkSj [kjkciqLrdksa ds chp ds varj [kkstsa\ vxj Ldwy dh ikB~;iqLrdsa iqjkuh gks xbZ gSa rks fiQj ge D;ksa u mudhlkef;d lkexzh ls rqyuk djsaA iqjkuh fdrkcsa tc Niha Fkh rcls nqfu;k fdruh cnyh gS ;g dke djuk dksbZ[kkl eagxk ugha gksxk\ vkSj vxj Ldwyksa ds ikl vPNh iqLrdsa ugha gSa rks ge D;ksa u iqjkuh fdrkcksa dh nqdkuksals 10&15 lsaV dh cPpksa dh cf<+;k] lsdaM&gSaM fdrkcsa [kjhnsa\ bl izdkj dh nqdkus gjsd cM+s 'kgj esa gksrhgSaA blls Hkh csgrj ;g gksxk fd ge Nk=kksa dks gh iSls nsa vkSj muls dgsa fd os [kqn ckt+kj ls tkdj fdrkcsa[kjhnsaA ,d Ldwy ds ckjs esa dkst+ksy dgrs gSa] ^Ldwy esa cPps yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ le; [ksy ds eSnku esa ?kwersgq, fcrkrs gSa----* ijarq catj&ls&catj Ldwy ds eSnku esa fliQZ ?kweus ds vykok Hkh cPpksa dbZ pht+sa dj ldrsgSaA vxj ogka dljr ds fy, fte ;k rSjus dk rky u Hkh gks rks Hkh ge vU; dbZ fodYiksa ds ckjs esa lkspldrs gSaA laf{kIr esa] vxj ge vius cgkus NksM+ nsa vkSj bZekunkjh ls vius lhfer lk/uksa ls dqN djus dhBkus] rks Hkh ge cgqr dqN dj ik,axsA

,d vU; ckr uhxzks leqnk; dj ldrk gS vkSj mls dbZ LFkkuksa ij mUgksauss 'kq: Hkh fd;k gS & vkSj oks gSfd os vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, [kqn vius Ldwy pyk,aA oSls] jkSDlcjh ds n U;w Ldwy iQkWj fpYMªu] dkspykus okyh laLFkk vke uhxzks ds Lrj ls dgha /uh gS] ij fiQj Hkh ;g dne ,d lgh fn'kk esa gSA ckWLVufLFkr jkSDlcjh lkeqnkf;d Ldwy] tgka xjhc cPpksa dks f'k{kk feyrh gS] Hkh ,d vPNh igy gSA fpYMªaldE;wfuVh uke dh laLFkk vc dbZ lkyksa ls ,Wu gkcZj] fef'kxu esa] cgqr de [kpsZ esa viuk dke dj jgh gSAvxj bl laLFkk dks vc dgha ls dqN vuqnku ugha feyk rks blds can gksus dk vans'kk gSA blh izdkj cdZyh]dSfyiQksfuZ;k dk ekfVZu ywFkj bu&dE;wfuVh Ldwy vkSj vU; dbZ laLFkk,a vPNk dke dj jgh gSaA

gesa vc gkjyse vkSj U;w;kdZ ds vU; dbZ Hkkxksa esa uhxzks leqnk; }kjk fd;k tk jgk vPNk dke ut+j vkjgk gSA iwjs f'k{kk ra=k dks lapkfyr ugha dj ikus ds ckotwn os vius ikl&iM+ksl ds Ldwyksa ij viuk fu;a=k.kdk;e dj jgs gSaA os ,sls laosnu'khy fizafliyksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dk p;u dj jgs gSa tks uhxzks leqnk; dh

leL;kvksa dks le>saxs] mudk vknj djsaxs vkSj leqnk; ds cPpksa dh t+:jrksasa dks iwjk djds cPpksa esavkRefo'okl txk,axsA lh[kus dk mRlkg dsoy os yksx gh txk ldrs gSa tks [kqn ml leqnk; dk ,d vfHkUuvax gksaA bl izdkj ds iz;kl 'kq: gq, gSa ijarq muds lkeus vHkh vusdksa pqukSfr;ka gSaA bu iz;klksa esa eq>s dqN HkhudkjkRed fiQtwy[kphZ ugha yxrh] cfYd ;g rks mlds ,dne foijhr gSaA ;s fcYdqy djus ;ksX; gSa] D;ksafdbuds }kjk xaHkhj vkSj eqf'dy f'k{kk laca/h leL;kvksa dk lh/s lek/ku gksrk gSA

baXySaM esa yhpsLVj'kk;j ds lcls xjhc cPpksa dks 'kk;n vkt lcls vPNh f'k{kk miyC/ gSA tks yksx ;gkaf'k{kk ra=k esa ifjorZu yk jgs gSa mUgsa Hkh viuk y{; blh izdkj dk j[kuk pkfg, & mUgsa ;g lqfuf'pr djukpkfg, fd vejhdk ds uhxzks ckgqY; 'kgjksa ds xjhc cPpksa dks ns'k dh lcls vPNh f'k{kk miyC/ gksA

1967

xaHkhj leL;k dk et+kfd;k lp^n os bV~t liksT+M Vw ch* ys[kd tsEl gsaMjkutsEl gsaMjku ,d f'k{kd gSaA dqN lky igys mUgksaus ,d o"kZ ds fy, ,d xjhc cLrh ds twfu;j gkbZ Ldwy

esa i<+k;kA ;g dgkuh ml lky dh gSA eSaus cPpksasa] [kkldj 'kgjh xjhc cPpksa dks i<+kus ls lacaf/r ftruh Hkhfdrkcssa i<+h gSa muesa ;g iqLrd loZJs"B gSA ;g iqLrd cLrh ds xjhc Ldwyksa dh leL;kvksa dh tM+ esa tkrhgS & cPpksa dks vkdf"kZr djus esa ;s Ldwy D;ksa iQsy gq, gSa] Ldwyksa esa jVus ij t+ksj vkSj mQij ls Fkksik x;kvuq'kklu ftlls cPpksa esa fujk'kk vkSj fonzksg c<+rk gSA

;g 'kk;n bl fo"k; ij lcls et+kfd;k iqLrd Hkh gSA gsaMjku ,d izfrHkk'kkyh] gkL; ys[kd gSaA mudhvka[ksa vkSj dku muds ikl gks jgh ?kVukvksa dks lVhd <ax ls idM+rh gSaA muds o.kZu gkL; vkSj O;ax lsvksr&izksr gSaA oks viuh Nk=kkvksa dh ^ikWi izfrfØ;k* dks mudk Nqik gfFk;kj ekurs gSaA foiQy gksus ij os ges'kkihNs dh vksj eqM+dj mNyrh gSa vkSj t+ehu ij /Ee ls vkdj fxjrh gSaA ij gsaMjku dHkh Hkh vius Ldwy]Nk=kksa vkSj vPNh fu;r okys ijarq vdq'ky fizafliy dks vius O;axksa dk vk/kj ugha cukrs gSaA vf/dka'k gkL;ys[kdksa dh rjg gsaMjku cgqr gh xaHkhj ys[kd gSaA lcls vPNs O;ax djrs le; oks lcls vf/d xaHkhj gksrs gSaAmudh ^n os bV~t liksT+M Vw ch* iqLrd] ^vi ,aM Mkmu LVs;jdsl* ls dgha vf/d et+kfd;k blfy, gS]D;ksafd oks vf/d xaHkhj vkSj lPph gSA

orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; ds f'k{kdksa ds fy, ;g iqLrd cgqr vf/d lgk;d fl¼ gksxhA vxj dksbZ iqLrdd{kk esa dqN foy{k.k yksxksa ds dfj'eksa dk c;ku djrh gS rks mlls gesa dqN vf/d ykHk ugha gksrk gSA mulsgeas Mj yxrk gS vkSj ge cgkuksa ds vackj esa viuk flj fNik dj dgrs gSa & ge rks lk/kj.k yksx gSa] vkSjgekjs cPps ,dne csgwnk gSaA ijarq gsaMjku us dksbZ dfj'ek ugha fn[kk;kA mUgksaus cjlksa dh fujk'kk vkSj fonzksg dsckn vius Nk=kksa dks [kqn i<+us ds fy, izsfjr fd;kA gsaMjku us igys dHkh i<+k;k ugha Fkk vkSj muds ikl dksbZfo'ks"k izf'k{k.k vkSj gquj Hkh ugha FkkA tks gsaMjku us fd;k mls djus dh {kerk ge esa ls gjsd esa gS & vxjge mls djuk pkgsa rksA muds Nk=k xjhc] uhxzks] 'kgjh cPps Fks & tks vU; cPpksa dh rjg gh mtM~M vkSjdBksj FksA gcZV dksgy (36 fpYMªu ds ys[kd) dh rjg gsaMjku ds ikl cPps iwjs fnu ugha jgrs Fks ftlls fdoks muds fy, Ldwy esa gh ,d futh] csgrj nqfu;k cuk ldsA gj jkst+ gsaMjku] cPpksa vkSj mudh nqfu;k dschp mnklhurk] fonzksg] vkSj fujk'kk ds ca/uksa dks rksM+us dk iz;kl djrsA lkroha d{kk ds pkj Nk=k Fks tksfcYdqy i<+uk ugha tkurs FksA ij blds ckotwn oks bl lPpkbZ dks Lohdkj ugha djrs Fks vkSj i<+us dh fdlhHkh xfrfof/ esa Hkkx ugha ysrs FksA i<+uk ugha vkrk gS bl rF; dks Lohdkj djus esa Nk=kksa dks ekugkfu dhvuqHkwfr gksrh FkhA

xjhc cPpksa ds lanHkZ esa eku] e;kZnk] izfr"Bk dk D;k eryc gS\ izfr"Bk & ;kfu vxj vki [kjkc gSa] rks

dksbZ nwljk vkils cnrj gks & blh izdkj ds fopkj bu cPpksa dks izsfjr djrs FksA bu fujk'k cPpksa ds iklvius cpko ds fy, fn[kkos ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha FkkA blfy, os bl fn[kkos dh gj dher ij j{kk djrsFksA ;g iqLrd fn[kkos vkSj vlfy;r ds chp ds }an dk inkZiQk'k djrh gS & pht+ksa dks dSlk gksuk pkfg, vkSjos vly esa dSlh gSa buij jks'kuh Mkyrh gSA tc gsaMjku ,d eghus dh NqV~Vh ds ckn okfil d{kk esa ykSVs rkscPpksa us mUgsa nks&Vwd 'kCnksa esa crk;k fd gsaMjku ds LFkku ij vkbZ f'k{kdk muls dgha vPNh FkhA

Jherh ,- jkst+kuk mUgsa CySdcksMZ ij dk;Z nsrh FkhaA bldks ysdj tc cPpksa us gYyk epk;k rks f'k{kdk usgjsd cPps ls ,d dk;Z&iqfLrdk j[kus dks dgkA cPpksa dks bl iqfLrdk dks jkst+kuk Ldwy esa ykuk Fkk ftllsfd Vhpj muds dke dks tkapdj mUgsa uacj ns ldsA vlyh f'k{kd ;g dke djrs gSa] Nk=kksa us gsaMjku dkscrk;kA tc eSaus cPpksa ls dqN dk;Z&iqfLrdsa fn[kkuss dks dgk rks oks fdlh ds ikl Hkh ugha FkhA vc D;k djsa\eSaus iwNkA dksbZ ykHk ughaA ml f'k{kdk us ge lcls dk;Z&iqfLrdsa j[kus dks dgk] lc cPps fpYyk,A dksbZ HkhcPpk dk;Z&iqfLrdk ugha Hkj jgk Fkk] u gh Ldwy esa yk;k Fkk] ;g ckr cPpksa ds t+gu esa ugha vkbZA

blh rt+Z ij Ldwy ds fizafliy us Hkh f'kdk;r dh] ^---- cPps le; ij viuh&viuh lhVksa ij ugha Fks] ugh mUgksaus le; ij viuh i<+kbZ 'kq: dhA vf/dka'k cPps b/j&m/j] iQkyrw] fcuk dqN djs ?kwers jgsA blrjg dk ekgkSy i<+kbZ ds fy, vuqdwy ugha gSA* gsaMjku us fiQj vlfy;r dh vksj ns[kus dh nyhy nh%

eq>s urhtksa ds ckjs esa ckr djuh iM+h ---- bl lc lkexzh dh laHkkydj j[kus dh D;k t+:jr gS ---- vxjlky ds var esa mls oSls Hkh f[kM+dh ds ckgj iQsad fn;k tk,xk\ mu vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa dk vuq'kklu fdldke dk tks var esa rek'ks dk :i ys\ esjh d{kk esa fdlh Hkh Nk=k us fonzksg ugha fd;k] eSaus dgk ---- vcvki gh crk,a fd d{kk esa fdl dk fu;a=k.k csgrj Fkk\

ij bl lc dk D;k ykHk\ Ldwyksa esa dqN pht+ksa ds gksus dh vis{kk gksrh gS% tSls cPps d{kk esa fcukfgys&Mqys cSBsa] 'kkar jgsa] ikB i<+sa] dk;Z&iqfLrdk dks Hkjsa vkSj ijh{kk esa ikl gksaA ijarq vxj buesa ls dqN Hkh ugks & vxj cPps dqN Hkh u lh[ksa] d{kk essa fonzksg djsa] Ldwy NksM+sa ;g lc Hkh pysxk] ijarq vki Ldwy esadqN rks oks dke djsa ftlds fy, Ldwy cuk FkkA ijarq vxj vki Ldwy esa dqN vkSj djus dh dksf'k'k djrsgSa] vkSj gsaMjku tSls vkidk fu;a=k.k dke djrk gS vkSj cPpksa dks vkids }kjk lq>k, dke ilan vkrs gSa vkSjoks okdbZ esa mUgsa djrs gSa] rks vki iwjs Ldwyh ra=k ds fy, ,d [krjk cu tkrs gSaA blhfy, gsaMjku dks Ldwyls cj[kkLr dj fn;k x;kA ijarq ;g dgkuh ;gha ij [kRe ugha gksrhA gsaMjku vHkh Hkh i<+k jgs gSa vkSj eSa vk'kkdjrk gwa fd os vius vuqHkoksa dks yxkrkj fy[krs jgsaxsA gesa gsaMjku tSls yksxksa dh t+:jr gSA

1968

ckrphreSa vkidks crk ugha ldrk fd eSa ;gka ij vkdj fdruk [kq'k gwaA eSa fczVsu esa ,d txg dkmaVh esa gks jgs

,d dkslZ esa 'kkfey gwaA ;gka tks dqN Hkh gks jgk gS] ;k tks dqN eSa gksrs gqvk ns[k ik;k gwa mlls eSa cgqrizHkkfor gwaA eSaus f'k{kk ds ckjs esa ;gka tks dqN Hkh lh[kk gS mldk 'kCnksa esa o.kZu djuk eqf'dy gksxkA eSa viukiz;kl vo'; d:axk vkSj eq>s vk'kk gS fd vki blds }kjk f'k{kk esa gks jgs dqN uokpkjksa ds ckjs esa vo';tku ik,axsA

eq>s yxrk gS fd vejhdk vkSj 'kk;n baXySaM esa ^feuh&fczVsu* ds ckjs esa dkiQh mckmQ ppkZ pyh gSA dqNyksx fczVsu dh lRrk ds [kRe gksus ls dkiQh nq[kh gSaA eSa baXySaM igyh ckj 1952 esa x;k Fkk vkSj ;g ns'k eq>scgqr ilan gSA eq>s bl rjg dh ckrsa xyr yxrh gSaA vkSifuosf'kd 'kfDr ds :i esa baXySaM dh lRrk dk {k;1914 ls 1918 ds chp esa gh gks x;kA mlds ckn tks dqN Hkh gqvk gS oks bl lRrk ds {k; dk gh ifj.kkegSA eSa Lo;a ,d ,sls ns'k eas jgrk gwa tks [kqn ,d vkSifuisf'kd 'kfDr cuus dk iz;kl dj jgk gSA blfy,baXySaM ds fo'o vkSifuosf'kd lRrk ls fxjus dks eSa dksbZ nq[kn ?kVuk ugha ekurk gwaA eSa vkils fourh djrk gwa]

vkSj vki esa ls cgqr ls yksx bl ckr ls eq> ls Hkh vPNh rjg ls tkurs gksaxs fd orZeku le; esa fczVsu dkiwjs fo'o esa ,d fHkUu jksy vkSj fe'ku gS vkSj blesa vki lcdh lgk;rk dh cgqr t+:jr gSA esjs fglkc lsbl fe'ku ds nks igyw gSaA igys rks fczVsu ;g trk ldrk gS fd ,d cM+k vkSj vkS|ksfxd ns'k eqDr vkSj lH;gks ldrk gSA nwljs esa fczVsu] xksjs if'peh ns'kksa vkSj xjhc] fodkl'khy vkSj v'osr ns'kksa ds chp esa ,d iqycukus dk fe'kujh jksy vnk dj ldrk gSA /uh vkSj xjhc ns'kksa ds chp c<+rh gqbZ [kkbZ cgqr xaHkhj vkSj[krjukd :i ys ldrh gSA fiNys 10&15 lkyksa esa] vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus ds ckotwn /uh vkSj xjhc ns'kksa dschp dh [kkbZ yxkrkj c<+h gSA vejhdk ds vanj vkSj ckgj] ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed Lrj ij Hkh ;g [kkbZc<+h gSA

;g fo"k; vkidks f'k{kk ls cgqr nwj dk fo"k; yx ldrk gSA ij ,slk gS ughaA f'k{kk }kjk ge lHkh yksxfny] fnekx vkSj vkRek dk ,d xq.kkRed fodkl pkgrs gSa] vkSj bldk fczVsu dh fo'o esa fLFkfr] vkSj mldslaHkkfor fe'ku ls lh/k laca/ gSA tc fczVsu ,d vkSifuosf'kd lRrk Fkh rks mldk ,d vyx jksy FkkA rcfczVsu nqfu;k ds yksxksa dks D;k djuk] vkSj D;k ugha djuk gS ;g crkrk FkkA tc dHkh Hkh eSa ifCyd Ldwyksadh ijaijk ds ckjs esa lksprk gwa rks eq>s LVk WYdh , aM dEiuh dh ;kn vkrh gSA ;g iqLrd eq>s igys Hkh ilanFkh vkSj vkt Hkh ilan gSA oSls fdifyax ftl baXySaM dk xq.kxku dj jgs Fks oks eq>s ukilan gSA eq>s yxrk gSfd ml le; vaxzst tks djuk pkgrs Fks vkSj dj jgs Fks mldk LVk WYdh , aM dEiuh ls dkiQh dqN ysuk&nsukFkkA ij esjh jk; esa vc ml dky dk var gqvk gS vkSj vc fcYdqy fHkUu izdkj ds xq.kksa dh vko';drk gSAblfy, bl iz'u dh lkFkZdrk ij dqN dguk t+:jh gSA ge yksx tks dqN Hkh dj jgs gksa] gesa ges'kk ,d vksjlekt vkSj lRrk vkSj nwljh vksj cPpksa ds fgrksa ds chp ,d }an ut+j vkrk gS] fiQj Hkh reke dkj.kksa ls gecPpksa ds fgrksa dh rjiQnkjh djrs gSaA gekjs cgqr ls lkFkh lekt vkSj lRrk ds i{k/j gSa vkSj gesa Mj yxrk gSfd vxj lekt vkSj lRrk dh vkokt+ T+;knk cqyan gqbZ rks cPpksa ds vf/dkj dh ckr vf/dka'k yksxksa dks,dne rqPN vkSj egRoghu yxsxhA blfy, eSa vkidks ,d lq>ko nsuk pkgrk gwa & gks ldrk gS fd ;g }anokLrfodrk esa gks gh ughaA

ijaijkxr f'k{kk dk rjhdk Kku vkSj dq'kyrkvksa ds HkaMkj dks] gj u, ckyd esa izlkfjr djus ij vk/kfjrgSA blh esa lekt dk] vkSj cPps dk fgr fufgr gSA esjs ns'k esa tks fNViqV f'k{kk esa Økafr py jgh gS mlus Hkhf'k{kk ds bl ewy vk/kj dks dksbZ pqukSrh ugha nh gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks] f'k{kkfon bl ckr ij lger gSafd cPps D;k i<+sa] dc i<+sa] dSls i<+sa] bls o;Ld gh fu/kZfjr djsaA cPps Bhd izdkj i<+ jgs gSa ;k ugha ;gfu.kZ; Hkh O;Ldksa dk vf/dkj gSA tks yksx bl iz.kkyh dks pqukSrh nsrs gSa] mudh la[;k vejhdk esa Hkh cgqr ghux.; gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd baXySaM esa ,sls yksxksa dh la[;k vf/d gS] oSls mruh ugha ftruh vki pkgsaxsA eq>s;g Hkh yxrk gS fd ,frgkfld :i ls ^Kku ds HkaMkj* okys ekWMy dk vc dqN vkSfpR; ugha jgk gSA?kVukØeksa us mls èoLr dj fn;k gSA bl lanHkZ esa eq>s dbZ dgkfu;ka ;kn vk jgh gSaA ,d eSaus dqN le;igys] dSfyiQksfuZ;k esa lquh gSA ftl vkneh esa eq>s ;g dgkuh lqukbZ mlus dqN fnu igys dSfyiQksfuZ;k esa ,dcSBd esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ftlesa dk;Z&vuqHko f'k{kk ds fnXxt fo'ks"kK] ogka ds izfl¼ m|ksxifr;ksa vkSj et+nwjekfydksa dks lacksf/r dj jgs FksA ^ge vki lcls ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd vc ls lkr lky ckn vkidset+nwjksa dks dSlk Kku pkfg, gksxk\* ;g lqudj lHkk esa mifLFkr lHkh yksx Bgkdk ekj dj gal iM+sA dqN nsjckn ykWdghM ,WvjØkÝV dkjiksjs'ku ds ,d vkneh us dgk] ^eSa ekiQh pkgrk gwa] ge vkidks ;g rd ugha crkldrs fd vkt ls lkr eghus ckn gekjs deZpkfj;ksa dks D;k Kku vkuk pkfg,A* bldk ,d dkj.k rks ;g gksldrk gS fd gokbZtgkt+ m|ksx] vU; m|ksxksa dh rqyuk esa] rduhdh :i ls cgqr rst+h ls cny jgk gSA eq>syxrk gS fd tks dqN Hkh ml vkneh us dgk vkSj iwjh lHkk ds Bgkdksa dks gesa lkef;d fta+nxh dh ,dokLrfod lPpkbZ le>uk pkfg,A

esjs lkFk gky gh esa ,d vkSj ?kVuk ?kVhA eSa dsfEczt] eSlkpqlsV~l esa dksbZ Ng yksxksa ds lkFk&lkFk [kkuk [kkjgk FkkA muesa ls nks yksx HkkSfrd'kkL=kh FksA muesa ls ,d us viuh fMxzh ,e-vkbZ-Vh- ls gkfly dh Fkh vkSj oks

ml le; ogha ij dk;Zjr FkkA nwljs HkkSfrd'kkL=kh us igys okys ls mldss vè;;u {ks=k ds ckjs esa iwNkA ^vlyesa nl o"kZ iwoZ eSaus ^lkSfyM&LVsV* HkkSfrdh esa MkDVªsV dh] ijarq fiQj eSaus mls NksM+dj ,d vU; {ks=kksa esa dkefd;k] vkSj vkt tc yksx ^lkSfyM&LVsV* ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa rks eq>s dqN Hkh iYys ugha iM+rk gSA* ;gdgkuh eq>s dkiQh egRoiw.kZ yxrh gSA fdlh fo"k; esa MkDVªsV gkfly djus ds ckn nl o"kZ esa gh mlh fo"k;ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh ugha tkuuk] cgqr rst+ izxfr dh fu'kkuh gS! ;g dgkuh blfy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd oksoSKkfud bl le; HkkSfrdh ds {ks=k esa tks dqN Hkh dj jgk Fkk mldk Kku mls vius izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku lh/sugha feyk FkkA eq>s bfyukS; esa ,d ukStoku feyk ftlus dsfedy baftfu;fjax dk iwjk izf'k{k.k izkIr fd;k Fkk]ijarq oks fiNys Ng eghuksa ls bWysDVªkfuDl baftfu;fjax ds {ks=k esa dke dj jgk gS vkSj mlesa mls cgqr et+k vkjgk gSA dksbZ iwN ldrk gS fd mlds fy, ;g dj ikuk dSls laHko gqvk\ tSlk gesa cgqr ls yksx ges'kk iwNrsgSa] mlus okfil dkyst tkdj pkj o"kZ rd bWysDVªkfuDl baftfu;fjax dh i<+kbZ D;ksa ugha dh\ mlus bl leL;kls fiaM NqM+kus dk rjhdk [kkst fy;k gSA bl fo"k; dks i<+rs le; tc mls dksbZ ckr le> esa ugha vkrh gSrks oks mls tkuus okys fdlh O;fDr dks [kkstdj mlls iwN ysrk gSA blls cf<+;k dke py tkrk gSA (vHkhdqN fnuksa igys eSaus ckWLVu ds ,d jsLVªka esa ,d vkneh dks ;g dgrs lquk fd vktdy ^iSlk* baftfu;jksa dksi<+kus esa gS D;ksafd fMxzh feyus ds ikap o"kZ ds vanj gh mudk Kku iqjkuk gks tkrk gSA)

gky gh esa ,d iqLrd] ftldks vki lcus Hkh i<+k gksxk ^n Mcy ghfyDl* dks dkiQh [;kfr feyh gSA eSausmls eaxk;k gS ijarq D;ksafd iqLrd vHkh rd ugha vkbZ gS blfy, eSa mls i<+ ugha ik;k gwaA eSa mls i<+uk pkgrkgwa vkSj 'kk;n mls i<+waxk HkhA vHkh rd eSaus dsoy ml iqLrd dh leh{kk,a i<+h gSa vkSj muls esjh mlesa jQfptkxh gSA dbZ leh{kkvksa esa fy[kk gS fd okWVlu vkSj fØd dks cgqr ls ,sls {ks=kksa dk dqN Kku ugha Fkk ftlsmUgsa tkuuk pkfg, Fkk] ftldk Kku muds Mh-,u-,- ijek.kq ds 'kks/ ds fy, vR;ko';d FkkA gekjs ikjaifjdekinaMksa ds fglkc ls mu nksuksa ds ikl lgh fMfxz;ka ugha Fkh vkSj os bl 'kks/ dks djus ds dkfcy gh ugha FksAijarq mUgksaus bl vuwBs vkSj ekSfyd 'kks/ dks cgqr liQyrkiwoZd lEiUu fd;kA mUgksaus vius dke esa mu xq.kksadks mi;ksx fd;k ftUgsa Ldwy esa lh[kuk vlaHko gS] ftu dq'kyrkvksa dks Ldwy ekj Mkyrk gSA ;s xq.k gSa &xgjh ftKklk] pht+ksa dks le>us dh dkcfy;r vkSj mldk vkRefo'okl] pht+ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dk Kku]vkfnA bu cs'kdherh dq'kyrkvksa vkSj lalk/uksa ls ySl gksdj] u fd Kku dh xBjh dks <ksdj] os viuh vuwBh[kkst djus esa dke;kc gq,A

eSa ,sls vU; dbZ mnkgj.k is'k dj ldrk gwaA bu lcdk ,d gh lkj gS% Kku dk HkaMkj bruh rst+h ls c<+jgk gS fd vc vkSj vkus okys Hkfo"; esa] dksbZ Hkh balku bl Kku dk dsoy ,d NksVk lk va'k gh xzkg; djik,xkA ;g ,d fcYdqy ubZ ckr gSA 1920 rd] tc gDlyh viuh loZJs"B iqLrdsa fy[k jgs Fks] rc rdeq>s yxrk gS fd mu tSls fdlh gksf'k;kj vkneh] ftlds ikl le;] oSKkfud lkfgR; vkSj Kku dh fiiklk gksoSlk O;fDr ekuoh; Kku dk dqN vxz.kh lkfgR; jp ldrk FkkA ijarq fiNys pkyhl o"kksZa esa ;g laHkkouk vc[kRe gks pqdh gSA ge ftl Kku ds {ks=k dks vius fo"k; ekurs gSa os cgqr rst+h ls NksVs [kaMksa essa caV jgs gSa]vkSj blds dkj.k vdknfed yksxksa dks ,d&nwljs ls ckrphr djus esa eqf'dy vk jgh gSA ,d ekuo&'kkL=kh]tks Lukrd dh i<+kbZ dj jgs Fks] us eq> crk;k fd ekuo&foKku ikap&Ng] vyx&vyx] NksVs lewgksa esa caV jgkgSA gjsd lewg dh viuk ,d vyx rjhdk gS vkSj lewgksa esa vkil esa fcYdqy curh ugha gSA eq>s yxrk gSfd ,slk gh izfØ;k vkxs vkSj c<+sxhA blfy, ,sls O;fDr] tks Kku ds HkaMkj ds egRoiw.kZ rRoksa dk vius fnekxesa lekos'k djs dh vc dYiuk Hkh djuk vlaHko gksxkA ge dqy ekuoh; Kku ds HkaMkj dk dsoy ,d va'kgh tku ik,axsA ge pkgsa fdruh Hkh esgur djsa] fdruk Hkh iz;kl djsa] ge pkgsa fdrus Hkh ftKklq gksa] geizR;sd fnu ekuo fufeZr dqy Kku dk de] vkSj de fgLlk tkusaxsA

,d ckr vkSj gSA tks dqN ge tkurs Hkh gSa oks Hkh tYn gh iqjkuk vkSj fujFkZd gks tk,xkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa udsoy u;k Kku csgn rst+ xfr ls jpk tk jgk gS ijarq lkFk esa iqjkuk Kku Hkh cgqr rst+ xfr ls iqjkuk vkSj

csdkj gks jgk gSA ;g ckr gekjs vius thou esa Hkh lp ykxw gksrh gSA eSaus Ldwy esa HkkSfrd'kkL=k i<+k FkkAdkyst ds vkf[kjh o"kZ esa eSaus HkkSfrdh dk ,d dkslZ fy;k ftlds fy, geus ml le; miyC/ uohureikB~;iqLrd dks i<+kA mlds igys gh iUus ij fy[kk Fkk fd HkkSfrdh ds ewy fu;e ds vuqlkj inkFkZ (eSVj)dks u rks iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh mls u"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g 1938 dh ckr gSA lky iwjkgksus ls igys gh gesa bl okD; dks feVkuk iM+k] D;ksafd mlh le; fdlh iz;ksx'kkyk esa inkFkZ dks u"V fd;kx;k FkkA eq>s dqN ncko esa vkdj jklk;u&'kkL=k i<+uk iM+k D;ksafd lHkh yksxksa dk ;g ekuuk Fkk fd ;g fo"k;esjs fy, mi;qDr gksxkA dqN fnu igys eSaus vius ,d ukStoku jklk;u&'kkL=k ds f'k{kd dks crk;k fd iwjsjklk;u 'kkL=k ds dkslZ esa ls eq>s dsoy la;kstdrk (osysUl) gh ;kn jgh gSA ukStoku fe=k us esjh et+kd mM+krsgq, galrs gq, dgk] ^vki viuh vlyh mez ls dkiQh de ds yxrs gSaA jklk;u&'kkfL=k;ksa us cjlksa ls la;kstdrkdk uke Hkh ugha fy;k gSA ;g ,d ,slk Kku Fkk ftls Hkwyus ij Hkh eq>s dksbZ [kkl nq[k ugha gqvkA ijarq ;gvkidks lkspus ds fy, ckè; djrk gSA tks Hkh eSaus 'kkL=kh; bfrgkl] ;wukuh vkSj jkseu bfrgkl ds ckjs esa i<+kFkk mls vc bfrgkldkj lp ugha ekurs gSaA vki 'kk;n esjh ckr ij fo'okl ugha djsaxs ijarq esjs t+ekus esabfrgkldkj ;wukuh bekjrksa dks liQsn vkSj eafnjksa tSlk ifo=k ekurs FksA gesa fdV~Vw tSls vU; yksxksa dk vkHkkjekuuk pkfg, ftudh otg ls ge vkt tkurs gSa fd ;g bekjrsa lqugjs] yky vkSj uhys jax ls jaxh gksrh FkhavkSj vxj muds ikl pedhys ^fu;ksu* ykbVsa gksrha rks oks mudk Hkh vo'; mi;ksx djrsA

blfy, ,d vksj rks cgqr dqN vkSj tkuus ds fy, gS] nwljh vksj ge tks dqN Hkh tkurs gSa mlds Hkh xyr;k >wBk lkfcr gksus dh dkiQh laHkkouk gSA vc iz'u ;g gS fd ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa ge thfor dSls jgsa\ cgqrls yksx ekurs gSa fd bu gkykrksa esa vius gkFk mQij mBk nks vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dks gj ckr ij fu.kZ; ysus nksA ijarqv[kckj ds igys iUus dks xkSj ls ns[kus ij vkidks ;g ckr dqN Bhd ugha yxsxhA igyh ckr rks bu fo'ks"kKksads vkil esa gh vusdksa erHksn gSa vkSj tc dHkh ;s vkil esa feydj dksbZ fu.kZ; djrs gSa oks Hkh vPNk ughagksrk gSA ftu yksxksa ds ikl dqN fo'ks"k Kku gS oks 'kk;n vkt dh nqfu;k esa leL;kvksa ls fucVus ds fy,fcYdqy vumi;qDr gksaA ;g ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA D;ksafd bu yksxksa us cM+h esgur vkSj le; yxkdjdqN fo'ks"k Kku dks gkfly fd;k gS] blfy, muds fy, ;g ns[k ikuk cgqr eqf'dy vkSj d"Vnk;d gksxk fdokLrfod nqfu;k ij mudk ;g Kku vc ykxw gh ugha gksrk gSA fo'ks"kK vius vrhr ls fpids jgrs gSaA cnyhgqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudk iqjkuk Kku vc ykxw ugha gksrk gSA

bl leL;k dks ge vius ns'k ds f'k{kk {ks=k esa Hkh vusdksa :i esa ns[k ldrs gSaA esjs fnekx esa blds nksLi"V mnkgj.k vkrs gSaA nks o"kZ igys gekjh ljdkj us f'k{kk ds voljksa dh xSjcjkcjh dks ysdj ,d jiV NkihFkh & dksyeSu jiVA ;s cgqr lkyksa rd fd, 'kks/ ij vk/kfjr FkhA blh fy, 'kk;n bl jiV dks Nius esabruk le; yxkA ;g jiV dkiQh izHkkfor djus okyh gSA blfy, gekjs fo'ks"kKksa us lHkh 'kgjh f'k{kk dhleL;kvksa dks le>us ds fy, bl jiV dks gh viuk vk/kj cuk;k gSA ijarq fnDdr ;g gS fd ;g jiV vkSjmlds lkjs vkadM+s vc iqjkus vkSj fujFkZd gks pqds gSaA iwjh ifjfLFkfr esa ,d Økafrdkjh ifjorZu vk;k gSA gekjsxksjs vkSj dkys leqnk; ds yksxksa ds chp ds fj'rksa esa] uhxzks leqnk; dh vkdka{kkvksa esa] vkSj nksukssa leqnk;ksa dsusr`Ro esa bruk cnyko vk;k gS fd tks dksbZ Hkh bl jiV ij vius fopkj vk/kfjr djsxk] mldk tYnh ghliQk;k gks tk,xkA ;g ckr lkekftd ekeyksa esa vkSj vf/d egRoiw.kZ gksxhA tc rd fo'ks"kK vius rF;ksa vkSjvkadM+ksa dks bdV~Bk djds muds izfr vk'oLr gksrs gSa] mruh nsj eas gh ifjfLFkfr bruh cny tkrh gS vkSjmudk dke Bhd ugha gksrk gSA

vc ,d loky cprk gSA vxj Kku ds HkaMkj vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dh tkudkjh] vxj efLr"d esa fopkjksa dks rst+hls <wlus ls & mRrj ugha feyrk gS] rks bl fLFkfr esa gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ bl lanHkZ esa eq>s ,d i=k ;knvk jgk gS tks esjh ,d Nk=kk us vius dkyst ds fnuksa esa eq>s fy[kk FkkA eSaus bl yM+dh dks uoha d{kk esai<+k;k Fkk vkSj fiQj nqckjk X;kjgoha d{kk eas i<+k;k FkkA tc oks Nk=kk dkyst ds nwljs o"kZ esa Fkh rc mlus ;gi=k eq>s fy[kk FkkA vU; ckrksa ds vykok mlus ,d fcanq ij vkdj ;g fy[kk] ^tkWu] ,d ckr ij eSa rqels

bZ";kZ djrh gwaA rqEgkjs fnekx esa yxrk gS gj pht+ ^Vsi* ij gSA* vejhdk esa bldk eryc gksxk fd eSaus lHkhckrksa dks le> fy;k gS vkSj mUgsa lgh LFkku ij laxfBr fd;k gS vkfnA eSa ml Nk=kk ds bl O;DrO; ijmldh dksbZ fuank ugha dj jgk gwaA vf/dka'k Nk=k ;g eglwl djrs gSa fd muds f'k{kdksa ds fnekx gj ckrigys ls gh ^Vsi* gSA f'k{kd u dsoy lc dqN tkurs gSa ijarq oks Kku ds vyx&vyx fgLlksa dk vkil esalaca/ Hkh le>rs gSa] vkSj mUgsa lgh LFkku ij ^fiQV* djuk tkurs gSaA bl Nk=kk us viuh ukle>h vkSj uknkuheq>ls bZ";kZ gksus dh ckr fy[khA ;g lp gS fd eSaus vius fo"k; ds ckjs esa dkiQh dqN lkspk FkkA eSaus mldsi=k ds mRrj esa fy[kk] ^rqe 'kk;n blls cM+h xyrh ugha dj ldrh gksA esjs vkSj rqEgkjs chsp ,d varj gSAesjs fnekx esa lc dqN igys ls gh VsiM~ ugha gS vkSj u gh ;g dHkh gksxk] ;g ckr eSa vPNh rjg tkurk gwaAu gh eq>s bldh dksbZ mEehn ugha gS vkSj u gh bls eSa pkgrk gwaA eSa vHkh ftruk vKkuh] vfuf'pr vkSjvLi"V gwa eSa fcuk fdlh fiQØ ds mlh rjg viuk iwjk thou fcrkuk pkgrk gwaA eNfy;ksa ds ikuh esa rSjus dhrjg gh eSaus Hkh vfuf'prrk esa thuk lh[kk gSaA ftl rst+h ls cnyrh nqfu;k esa ge thrs gSa gesa mlds ckjs esacgqr de irk gS vkSj gesa mlesa yxkrkj cqf¼ekuh ds fu.kZ; ysus iM+rs gSaA gks ldrk gS fd fo'ks"kKksa dks gelsfdlh fo"k; ds ckjs esa gels cgqr T+;knk ekywe gks] ijarq fdl fo'ks"kK dks lcls vf/d irk gS bls irk djusdk dksbZ rjhdk ugha gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gesa tks Hkh FkksM+h cgqr vkSj vfuf'pr tkudkjh miyC/ gksrh gS gemlh ds vk/kj ij fopkj vkSj fu.kZ; ysdj dke djrs gSaA

eq[; ckr ;g gS fd cgqr NksVs cPps ;g lc djus ds fy, lcls vf/d l{ke gksrs gSaA blhfy, NksVscPpksa ds lh[kus ds laca/ esa eSaus tks dqN Hkh dgk gS oks ckr gjsd O;fDr ds lh[kus ij ykxw gksrh gSA ,dNksVk cPps dks 'kq: esa iwjh nqfu;k ,dne vLi"V yxrh gS] mls dqN Hkh le> esa ugha vkrk gSA ijarq oks blvLi"Vrk ls ?kcjkrk ugha gSA mlesa tkudkjh vkSj Kku dk vHkko gksrk gSA oks cM+h vkrqjrk vkSj lfØ;rk lsbl vLi"V yxus okyh nqfu;k dks le>us dk iz;kl djrk gSA ijarq mlds fnekx esa nqfu;k dks ,d lw=k esacka/us dk] mlds <kaps vkSj leLr vo/kj.kkvksa dks fiQV djus] lkjh ?kVukvksa dks le>us dk dk dksbZ ekufldncko ugha gksrk gSA oks viuh ukle>h dh fLFkr dks cnkZ'r djrk gS vkSj fofHkUu uewuksa vkSj le>nkjh dsiuius dh izrh{kk djrk gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd cPps fo'ys"k.k dh vis{kk yxkrkj jgL;ksn~?kkVu dh izfØ;k lsT+;knk le>rs gSaA lp rks ;g gS fd cgqr tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>us esa ijaijkxr fo'ys"k.k izfØ;k,a ,dneukdke;kc lkfcr gksrh gSaA tgka lkS ls vf/d ?kVd gksa] ftlesa ls fdlh ij Hkh vkidk lgh fu;a=k.k u gks] rksfiQj vki fo'ys"k.k izfØ;k ls dSls pht+ksa dks laxfBr dj ldrs gSa\ ,slk djuk vlaHko gS vkSj cPpksa dhvn~Hkqr izfrHkk bl ckr esa gS fd oks ,slk djus dh dHkh dksf'k'k ugha djrs gSaA oks bl vLi"Vrk vkSjvfuf'prk dk cM+h vkrqjrk vkSj [kq'kh ls lkeuk djrs gSaA os nqfu;k dh gj fLFkfr dk t+k;tk ysrs gSa vkSj fiQjuewuksa] lekurkvksa vkSj fu;ferrkvksa ds mHkjus dk bart+kj djrs gSaA NksVk cPpk gj le; oks pht+ djrk gS ftlscM+ksa ds fy, djuk cgqr eqf'dy dke gksrk gSA ij bls ge lHkh dks lh[kuk pkfg,A NksVk cPpk vius fnekxesa nqfu;k dk ,d ekWMy cukrk gS] vkSj fiQj yxkrkj tSls&tSls okLrfodrk mlds lkeus mHkjrh gS mldkijh{k.k djrk gSA t+:jr iM+us ij oks ekWMy dks rksM+rk gS vkSj u;k cukrk gS vkSj nqckjk mldk ijh{k.k djrkgSA cPpk iwjs fnu esa ;k ,d lky esa bl izfØ;k dks fdruh ckj nksgjkrk gS bldk rks eq>s ugha irkA ij cPpk;g fcYdqy fuMj gksdj djrk gSA Ldwy dk cPps ij dqN ,slk vlj gksrk gS fd mldk bl ekufld ekWMydks cjdjkj j[kus esa fufgr LokFkZ gks tkrk gS vkSj tks Hkh phtsa+ bl ekWMy esa fiQV ugha gksrh gSa oks mUgsa udkjnsrk gSA oks gj pht+ dks dkV&NkaVdj ekWMy esa fiQV djuk pkgrk gSA lHkh o;Ldksa vkSj cM+s cPpksa] dks NksVscPpksa ds bl xq.k dks lh[kuk pkfg,A gesa oks lh[kuk pkfg, tks NksVs cPps yxkrkj djrs gSa & ;kuh gesa viusekufld ekWMy dh okLrfodrk ls lkFk yxkrkj rqyuk djuh pkfg,] mldk ijh{k.k djds ekWMy dks yxkrkjcnyuk pkfg,A eq>s yxrk gS fd tks yksx bl izdkj ds xq.kksa ls lEiUu gSa] ogh fuf'prrk] le> vkSjfu;ferrk dh [kkst dks R;kxdj vfuf'prrk] vLi"Vrk vkSj vKkurk ds ekgkSy esa lkjh ft+anxh] gok esa i{khdh rjg ;k ikuh esa eNyh dh rjg fcrk ldrs gSaA bl izdkj ds yksx gh le>nkjh ls dqN lksp ik,axsA

eSa vc viuh ckrphr can d:axk] ij vki esa ls fdlh dh Hkh bl fo"k; esa jQfp gks rks eq>s bl okrkZykidks t+kjh j[kus esa cgqr [kq'kh gksxhA eSa tks dguk pkgrk gwa oks cgqr ljy gS & esjk ikB~;Øe esa dksbZ fo'oklugha gS] eq>s ijh{kk ds vadksa esa Hkh dksbZ ;dhu ugha gS] eq>s ,slh fdlh lh[k easa fo'okl ugha gS ftldkewY;kadu f'k{kd djrk gksA eSa o;Ldksa ds lg;ksx vkSj izksRlkgu ls cPpksa dh ml lh[k esa fo'okl djrk gwa]ftls os [kqn lh[kuk pkgrs gSa] tc oks lh[kuk pkgrs gSa vkSj D;ksa oks lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd f'k{kkdk vc ;gh :i gksuk pkfg,A

iz'u% vkius okLrfodrk ds ml ekWMy dk mYys[k fd;k ftldk yxkrkj vlyh nqfu;k ij ijh{k.k fd;ktkuk pkfg,A lkFk gh vkidks blds fy, fo'ys"k.k dk rjhdk lgh ugha yxkA ,slk D;ksa\

mRrj% ;g dqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, Bhd gks ldrk gSA fo'ys"k.k ls ;gka esjk eryc iz;ksx'kkyk esa fd,x, fo'ys"k.k ls FkkA vxj dksbZ fof'k"V ?kVuk] fdUgh ikap dkj.kksa ls gksrh gS] rks ge mu ?kVdksa dksvyx&vyx djds muesa ls fLFkj jgus okys ?kVd dks NkaVrs gaSA ;g rjhdk mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dkiQh mi;ksxhgksrk gS tgka ?kVdksa dh la[;k lhfer gksrh gS vkSj oks gekjs fu;a=k.k esa gksrs gSa] vkSj tgka os ,d&nwljs ls cgqrtfVyrk ls tqM+s gq, ugha gksrs gSaA tc ge blh rjhds dks euksfoKku ds {ks=k esa ykxw djrs gSa] tc ge ,dHkkSfrd'kkL=kh ;k jklk;u'kk=kh dh gSfl;r ls euq"; ds efLr"d dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa rc eq>s yxrk gS fd gegalh dk ik=k curs gSaA lkiQrkSj ij vf/dka'k euksoSKkfud ,slk ugha lksprs gSaA ijarq eq>s yxrk gS fd os esjs erls lger gksaxsA eq>s euksoSKkfud ekiu ij dksbZ fo'okl ugha gSA esjh jk; esa bls djuk vlaHko gSA

iz'u% D;k vki Ldwy tkus dh vfuok;Zrk esa fo'okl djrs gSa\mRrj% ughaA fiNys nks eghuksa esa eSaus bl iz'u ij lkspuk 'kq: fd;k gSA mlls igys eSaus Ldwy tkus dh

vfuok;Zrk dks Lohdkjrk Fkk vkSj eq>s viuh lkeF;Z esa bls cnyus dk dksbZ rjhdk Hkh ugha fn[krk FkkA ijarqvejhdk esa cgqr ls nq[kh ikydksa ds lkFk ckrphr vkSj muds i=kksa ls ckn eq>s ;g dk;Z vc vlaHko ughayxrk gSA ikydksa ds i=kksa dk ,d gh lkj Fkk] ^esjs cPps dks Ldwy rckg dj jgk gSA eSa blds ckjs esa D;k djldrk gwa\* bl iz'u dk laHkkfor mRrj dkiQh yack gksxkA dkuwu ^lkjs mipkjksa ds mi;ksx* dh ckr djrk gS]ij blds fy, vHkh cgqr ls mipkjksa dk ijh{k.k djuk gksxkA ^vxj bueas ls dksbZ Hkh mipkj dke ugha djrkgS] vxj dksbZ Hkh fodYi ugha cprk gS] rks esjk lq>ko gksxk fd vki vius cPps dks vf/d&ls&vf/d Ldwyls nwj j[kus dh dkssf'k'k djsaA rc vki Ldwyksa dh ;g ekax fd & cPpk Ldwy esa ekStwn gks] dks pqukSrh nsik,axsA* eq>s vius ;gka ds dkuwuh <kaps esa ;g iz'u ukxfjd Lora=krk dk loky yxrk gSA Ldwyksa vkSj muesavfuok;Z gkft+jh ds vkSfpR; dk ,d vk/kj gS & fd Ldwy cPpksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, dke djrs gSaA ijarqvxj lp esa ,slk ugha gS] rks cPpksa ds vfuok;Z :i esa Ldwy esa gkft+j gksus dk vk/kj rc [kRe gks tkrk gSAeSaus bl ckjs esa vkxs lkspk vkSj eq>s yxk fd ;g fu;e&dkuwu Ldwyksa vkSj f'k{kdksa ds fgrksa esa Hkh ugha gSaAvejhdk esa] vkSj eq>s yxrk gS fd baXySaM esa Hkh] Ldwy esa vfuok;Z gkft+jh ds fu;eksa us] Ldwyksa dks tsy esarCnhy dj fn;k gSA ;g cgqr eqf'dy dke gSA cPps Ldwy esa dsoy blhfy, gSa] D;ksafd os ogka tkus dkset+cwj gSa blls reke cM+h vkSj eagxh leL;k,a [kM+h gks tkrh gSaA gekjs 'kgjksa esa vlH;rk vkSj ccZjrk dhfodjky leL;kvksa ds dkj.k vejhdk esa Ldwyksa ds ckgj ,d ^lkbZDyksu iQsal* ;kuh pksjh fujks/d ckM+ dkgksuk ,d vke ckr gSA vejhdk esa fdlh Hkh t+ehu ds VqdM+s ds ckgj bl izdkj dh ckM+ ns[kdj vkidks ;girk yx tkrk gS fd ;k rks oks vejhdh ljdkj dk dksbZ miØe gS ;k fiQj dksbZ Ldwy gSA ;g cgqr nq[knckr gSA eSaus vejhdk ds ,d cM+s 'kgj ds Ldwyh lqifjaVsaMsaV dks dgrs lquk fd mls gj lky VwVh f[kM+fd;ksa dsdkap yxokus esa yk[kksa MkWyj [kpZ djus iM+rs gaaSA f[kM+fd;ksa ds dkapksa dks dkSu rksM+rk gS\ mUgsa cPps rksM+rs gSaAos D;ksa rksM+rs gaS\ os mUgsa blfy, rksM+rs gSa D;ksafd os mu bekjrksa ls l[r uiQjr djrs gSaA dbZ o"kZ igysvejhdk esa ,d dfork fy[kh xbZ Fkh & ^dkj[kkuksa dh f[kM+fd;ka ges'kk VwVh gksrh gSaA* eq>s ml dfork dhdsoy vkf[kjh nks iafDr;ka ;kn gSa% ^yxrk gS dqN] MsuekdZ esa lM+k gSA dkj[kkus dh f[kM+fd;ksa ds xkus dk

varA* dfork dk lkj Fkk fd dkj[kkuksa dh f[kM+fd;ka ges'kk blfy, VwVh gksrh gSa D;ksafd yksx dkj[kkuksa lsuiQjr djrs gSa vkSj tks yksx bu m|ksxksa dks pykrs gSa mUgsa bl leL;k ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrk ls lkspuk pkfg,Aeq>s yxrk gS fd Ldwyksa ds fy, Hkh ;g ckr mruh gh lp gSA rksM+&iQksM+ ds vykok] gekjs ;gka vkSj 'kk;nvkids ;gka Hkh] dbZ izdkj ds fo'ks"k lq/kj Ldwy gSa ftlls dSn djus dk ;g /a/k cgqr tfVy vkSj eagxk gkstkrk gSA lHkh dSnh tsy esa gSa ;g fl¼ djus ds fy, reke rjg ds nLrkost j[kus iM+rs gSaA vxj oks tsy esaugha gSa] rks fiQj os dgka gSa] vkSj D;k mUgsa ogka jgus dk vf/dkj gSA vki lHkh yksx tkurs gksaxs fd vxj d{kkLdwy ls uiQjr djus okys ,d&nks yksx Hkh gksa] rks mlls d{kk ds ekgkSy ij D;k iQdZ iM+rk gSA blls vkidsfy,] muds fy, vkSj vU; Nk=kksa ds fy, d{kk dk okrkoj.k ,dne [kjkc gks tkrk gSA cgqr de la[;k esagksus ds ckotwn ,sls Nk=k cgqr vf/d leL;k,a [kM+h djrs gSaA

eSa dksbZ Hkfo";oDrk rks ugha gwaA ij vxj Ldwyksa esa vfuok;Z gkft+jh ds fu;e vxj [kkfjt gksrs gaS ;k muesadqN <hy vkrh gS rks mlls fdl izdkj ds ifjorZu vk,axs] mudk eSa dqN vuqeku yxk ldrk gwaA fiQj cPpsfdl izdkj dh laLFkkvksa esa viuk le; fcrk,axs\ cPpksa dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, Ldwy fdlizdkj ds dne mBk,axs\ gekjs ns'k esa cM+h O;axkRed fLFkfr gSA gekjs cgqr ls 'kgjksa esa Ldwy brus [kjkc gSa fdmuesa nl o"kZ fcrkus ds ckn cPps muls ?k`.kk djus yxrs gSa] vkSj Ldwy NksM+ nsrs gSaA ;g lc djus ds cknge Ldwyksa dks vf/d vkd"kZd cukus ds fy,] ftlls fd cPps muesa okfil vk,a] vFkkg /ujkf'k [kpZ djrsgSaA blds fy, 'kk;n gesa igys gh dqN djuk pkfg, FkkA vxj cPps 'kq: esa gh Ldwy ds [kjkc gksus ds dkj.kmls NksM+ nsrs rks mlls ge tSls f'k{kkfonksa dks igys gh ,d lans'k fey tkrk] fd cPpksa dh bl iQSDVªh dsfy, gesa dqN djuk pkfg,A eSa [kqn ,d Ldwy f'k{kd jg pqdk gwa vkSj vius vuqHko ls dg jgk gwa fdvf/dka'k f'k{kdksa dh ;g ekU;rk gS fd vxj cPps us Ldwy ls ,d fnu dh Hkh NqV~Vh yh gS rks mldk oksfnu cjckn gqvk gSA Ldwy ds ckgj Hkh cgqr lkjh txgsa gSa tgka cPps cgqr dqN lh[krs gSaA eq>ss ;kn gS fd esjsfe=k fcy dh lcls NksVh csVh] vius gh dke dh O;Lrrk ds dkj.k] dHkh&dHkh Ldwy ugha tkrh FkhA mlsLdwy ls Hkh vf/d t+:jh dqN dke djus gksrs FksA esjh jk; esa ;g fcYdqy Bhd FkkA rks fiQj ge fiQj viusiz'u ij okfil vkrs gSaA eq>s ugha ekywe fd bl ifjorZu dks vkus esa fdruk le; yxsxkA 'kk;n ;g fLFkfrdHkh u cnysA ijarq de&ls&de eSa vius ns'k esa] bl fo"k; ds ckjs esa fy[k jgk gwa vkSj yksxksa ls ckrphr djjgk gwaA

iz'u% D;k vkids ikl blds fd;kZUo;u dk dksbZ Bksl dk;ZØe gS\mRrj% eq>s vkids ns'k ds 'kS{kf.kd fu;e&dkuwuksa ds ckjs esa ugha irk gSA ij esjs ns'k esa ;g fu;e jkT;ksa ds

izfrfuf/;ksa }kjk ikfjr fd, tkrs gSaA bu fu;eksa dks ogha cnyk tk ldrk gS ij eq>s yxrk gS oSls bldh'kqjQvkr ogka ls ugha gksxhA vejhdk esa bu fu;eksa dks 'kk;n lcls igys U;k;ky;ksa esa pqukSrh feysA gekjs ;gkadkuwu ds fodkl dk bfrgkl bl ckr dk lk{kh gS fd ,sls fu;eksa dh igyh pqukSfr;ka vDlj vf/d dkjxjugha gksrh gSaA ,d iztkrkaf=kd lekt esa yksxksa ds fgrksa dks rHkh Lohdkjk tkrk gS tc yksx muds fy, lrrla?k"kZ djrs gSaA ijarq vHkh ds orZeku dkuwuksa esa Hkh dqN la'kks/u djds LFkkuh; Ldwyksa dh ekaxksa dks euok;k tkldrk gSA

iz'u% vxj NqfV~V;ka dqN yach dh tk,a vkSj fiQj Ldwyksa dks LoSfPNd :i ls [kksyk tk, & iwjh NqV~Vh dhvof/ ds fy, ugha] 'kk;n rhu gÝrksa ds fy, rc 'kk;n vki fn[kk ik,a fd tc Ldwy [kqyrs gSa rks muesacPps vkrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa bl mnkgj.k dks] dkuwuh la'kks/u dh iwoZ&rS;kjh le>k tk ldrk gSA

mRrj% gkaA esjh jk; esa ;g er Bhd gSA esjs ns'k esa] vkSj ;gka Hkh dbZ LFkkuksa ij ,sls Ldwy gSa tgka NqfV~V;ksaesa cPpksa dks vyx&vyx pht+sa fl[kkbZ tkrh gSaA ijarq buesa tks vis{kk gksrh gS] ogh gksrk gS & ;kfu /uhifjokjksa ds cPps dks buls vkSj vf/d ykHk feyrk gSA tgka ds Ldwy [kjkc gksa ogka ij xehZ dh NqfV~V;ksa esat+:j dqN jkspd i<+kbZ gks ldrh gSA ijarq tgka mudh lcls vf/d vko';drk gksrh gS ogha ij mudk iw.kZr%vHkko gksrk gSA fiQj Hkh eq>s ;g lq>ko egRoiw.kZ yxrk gSA vejhdk esa futh (izkbZosV) f'k{kk dk ,d

Økafrdkjh eqfge 'kq: gqvk gSA ;g nks ek;uksa esa Økafrdkjh gSA igys rks ;g baXySaM ds e'kgwj lejfgy Ldwy dsek;us esa Økafrdkjh gSA ;kfu ;g mu fl¼karksa ij vk/kfjr gS fd cPps ogh lh[ksa tks os pkgsa vkSj mls tSlspkgsa] tc pkgsa lh[ksaA ;g ,d vU; :i esa Hkh Økafrdkjh gSA bu Ldwyksa dh 'kqjQvkr cgqr mRgklh vkSjukStoku f'k{kdksa us dh gSA os pkgrs gSa fd muds Ldwy 'kgj ds fcYdqy ikl esa gksa] oks cksfMZax Ldwy dhctk, dsoy fnu dk Ldwy gks] ftlls fd iwjs leqnk; dks mldk ykHk igaqpsA ,sls [kqys] pkjnhokjh foghuLdwyksa esa cPps vius leqnk; esa tc pkgsa tkus dks eqDr gksrs gSa vkSj leqnk; ds yksx Hkh tc pkgas Ldwy esa vkldrs gSaA ;g Ldwy Hkh izfr Nk=k mruk gh [kpZ djrs gSa ftruk fd ljdkjh vuqnkuksa ij pyus okys Ldwydjrs gSaA blfy, vxj ljdkj dHkh pkgs rks buds uokpkjksa dks] ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa Hkh ykxw djuk laHko gksxkAvHkh uokpkj djus okys ,sls cgqr ls Ldwy ugha gSa] ijarq fiQj Hkh dqN rks gSa vkSj vU; rst+h ls [kqy jgs gSaAeq>s buds ckjs esa iwjs ns'k ls yksx i=k fy[krs jgrs gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd uokpkj djus okys ;s Ldwy okLrfod'kSf{kd iz;ksx'kkyk ds dsanz cusaxsA baXySaM esa cgqr ls ljdkjh Ldwy ,sls gh uokpkj dsanzksa dk dke djrs gSaAvkids ;gka yhpsLVj'kk;j esa tks Ldwy gSa] vejhdk esa mudk dksbZ lerqY; ugha gSA

iz'u% ge esa ls cgqr ls yksx vki ls dbZ ckrksa ij lger gSa tSls Kku dk HkaMkj vc vlaxr vkSj iqjkukgks x;k gSA ijarq ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, Li/kZ c<+ jgh gS vkSj ukSdjh nsus okyksa dh ekax gS fd Nk=kksa dks ,d fuf'prek=kk esa Kku vkuk pkfg,A vxj ge vkidh ckr dks ekusa rks D;k ge ukSdfj;ksa ds lanHkZ esa vius Nk=kksa ds lkFkcsbZekuh ugha dj jgs gksaxs\

mRrj% vxj vki vkSj dqN ugha dj jgs gksa] rks 'kk;n ;g lp gks ldrk gSA ijarq tuf'k{k.k dk eryc gS]turk dh f'k{kk djuk] u dsoy turk ds cPpksa dhA eq>s yxrk gS fd vkt dbZ ukSdjh nsus okys] ykWdghMdkjiksjs'ku ls vk, vkneh tSlk gh eglwl dj jgs gSaA ykWdghM dkjiksjs'ku tSlh ukSdjh nsus okyh daifu;kas dsdeZpkfj;ksa dks vxj gjsd Ng eghuksa esa dqN fcYdqy u;k lh[kuk gksrk gS rks bldk Ldwyh f'k{kk ij D;kvlj gksxk bldks 'kk;n bu daifu;ksa us Bhd rjg ls lkspk ugha gSA blfy, fdlh dks mUgsa blds ckjs esa crkukgksxkA ge dqN daifu;ksa dkss fo'ks"kdj tgka cgqr rst+h ls ifjorZu gks jgs gSaa ;g le>k ldrs gSa Ldwy esa vccPpksa dks iwjs thou ds fy, f'k{kk nsuk laHko ugha gksxkA vkSj vxj bl izdkj dk iz;kl fd;k Hkh x;k rksmlls cPpksa dks ykHk dh ctk, uqdlku vf/d gksxkA T+;knkrj uohu midj.k brus eagxs gSa vkSj ftl rst+h lsoks iqjkus gks jgs gSa mlls mUgsa Ldwyksa esa ;k O;olkf;d izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa yxk ikuk laHko ugha gksxkA

eq>s yxrk gS fd dbZ {ks=kksa esa ge iqjkuh i¼fr & ;kuh vijsfUVl Vsªfuax dh vksj tk,axsA jkspd ckr ;g gSfd esfMdy izf'k{k.k ds {ks=k esa cgqr ls vejhdh bldh egRrk dks le>us yxs gSaA esfMdy dkystksa esa pkjlky ds izf'k{k.k ds ckn nks lky dh baVuZf'ki djus okys cgqr ls MkDVjksa esa bldks ysdj xgjk vlarks"k gSAesfMdy Kku dk bruk vf/d foLrkj gqvk gS fd fdlh Hkh Nk=k ds fy, mls esfMdy dkyst ds pkj lkyksaesa ipk ikuk laHko ugha gSA esfMdy f'k{kk esa lcls u;k uokpkj dqN&dqN bl izdkj dk gSA dkyst esa vk,gjsd esfMdy Nk=k dks fdlh lhfu;j MkDVj dh ns[kjs[k esa ,d iwjs ifjokj dh LokLF; laca/h leL;kvksa dksgy djuk gksxkA oks iwjs ifjokj ds LokLF; ds fy, ft+Eesnkj gksxk vkSj ifjokj dh vPNh lsgr gh mldkdsanzh; ikB~;Øe gksxkA vc mlds ikl i<+us dks reke iqLrdsa gksaxh] ijarq tks dqN oks i<+sxk] iz'u iwNsxk] ;kiz;ksx'kkykvksa esa tk,xk vkSj ftu pht+ksa ds ckjs esa oks tkusxk mudk lh/k ysuk&nsuk vlyh ft+ank yksxksa ls gksxkA,slk izf'k{k.k esjs [;ky ls ,d izdkj dh vijsfUVlf'ki gh gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd ,slh gh dksbZ i¼fr Hkfo";eas dkjxj gksxhA

gekjs oSKkfud f'k{k.k dk dqN ,slk ekuuk gS fd fcYdqy 'kq: ls izkjaHk fd, fcuk dksbZ foKku esa vxz.kh'kks/ ugha dj ldrk gSA ;kuh izR;sd 'kks/drkZ dks gjsd lh<+h ls gksdj xqt+juk t+:jh gSA ijarq ;g ;k=kk vccgqr yach gksrh tk jgh gSA ijarq lPPkkbZ ;g gS fd cgqr ls yksx tSls Bksl inkFkZ HkkSfrdh okyk esjk fe=k] ;koks ukStoku dsfedy bathfu;j] ;k fiQj ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk okVlu vkSj fØDl] vius {ks=k ls gVdj foKkudh vxz.kh iafDr esa dke dj jgs gSaA tSls&tSls igys dne ls foKku ds vxz.kh pj.k ds chp dh nwjh c<+ jgh

gS oSls&oSls gesa chp dh lhf<+;ksa dks de djds vius xarO; ij igqapus dk iz;kl djuk iM+sxkA eSa ;g HkhtksM+uk pkgwaxk fd tks cPps viuh jQfp vkSj ftKklk ls i<+rs gaS os ijaijkxr ijh{kk,a ysus okys cPpksa dh rqyukesa fdlh Hkh :i esa de ugha gksrs gSaA blls eqn~nk dqN my> tkrk gSA gesa ijaijkxr Ldwyh f'k{kk dh [kkfe;ksads ckjs esa vke yksxksa dks tkx:d djuk gksxkA

iz'u% vki iQkSt ;k ,Wvj&iQkslZ dSls j[ksaxs\ vki tks dqN Hkh dg jgs gSa eSa mlls iwjh rjg vlger gwaA tksns'k vkids }kjk lq>kbZ i¼fr dks viuk,xk oks iQkSt ;k ,WWvj&iQkslZ dSls j[k ik,xk\

mRrj% eq>s ;g Hkh ugha irk fd orZeku esa iQkSt ;k ,WWvj&iQkslZ dks dSls j[kk tkrk gSA D;k vkidk dgusdk vk'k; ;g gS fd ubZ f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa dksbZ iQkSt esa tkuk gh ugha pkgsxk vkSj vxj dksbZ tk,xk Hkh rks Hkhoks mlesa vliQy gksxkA

iz'u% nksuksa gh ckrs gSa vkSj lkFk esa ;g Hkh gS% gekjh orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh Kku ds HkaMkj ds fl¼kar ijvk/kfjr gSA

mRrj% vxj ge lkiQ 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks ikjaifjd f'k{kk ,d rjg ls yksxksa dks xqykeh ds fy, rS;kj djrhgSA vki tkurs gSa % ^vkns'k rks vkns'k gh gksrs gSaA* vkSj vxj vkidks lkjh ft+anxh vkns'kksa dk gh ikyu djuk gSrks vPNk gks fd vki bl dke dks Ng cjl dh mez ls gh 'kq: dj nsaA vkSj vDlj bldh fliQkfj'k eSa cgqryksxksa ls lqurk gwaA tc dHkh eSa ,sls yksxksa ls feyrk gwa tks dgrs gSa fd vkids vkSj gekjs ns'k esa Lora=krk,dne csekuh gS vkSj lp esa fta+nxh ,d xqykeh gSA blfy, ftruh tYnh cPps mlds vH;Lr gksasxs muds fy,mruk gh vPNk gksxkA tc esjh eqykdku bl izdkj ds yksxksa ls gksrh gS rks eSa muls dqN ,slk dgrk gwa% vxjeSa vkidh ckr ij ;dhu Hkh d:a vkSj eq>s ;g irk pys fd esjs fu.kZ; ysus dh dqN cqfu;knh Lora=krk,a eq>ls Nhu yh x;h gSa vkSj eSa dsoy ,d mQaph ru[okg ikus okyk xqyke ek=k gwa] rks Hkh eSa vius cPPkksa dks ,dcsgrj Hkfo"; ds fy, f'kf{kr djrkA tc ;g ^Hkkoqd* vihy Hkh iQsy gks tkrh gS rc fopkjksa dh bl [kkbZdks 'kCnksa ls ikVuk laHko ugha gksrk gS% ,sls cgqr ls yksx gSa tks blls ugha cpsaxsA ijarq ge O;oLFkk ls ;g t+:jdg ldrs gSa fd bl izdkj ds vkns'k ekuus okys mlds Hkh gd esa ugha gSa] D;ksafd ifjfLFkfr dkiQh tfVy gSAeSa vejhdk esa ,d ,sls 'k[l dks tkurk gwa tks f'k{kdksa ds cM+s lewgksa dks ;g dg dj Hk;Hkhr vkSj =kLrdjrk gS & ^ftl f'k{kd dh txg e'khu dke dj lds ml f'k{kd dks gVk nsuk pkfg,A* eSa blesa dsoy ,dpht+ vkSj tksM+uk pkgrk gwa & fd ftl f'k{kd dks e'khu foLFkkfir dj ik,xh] ml f'k{kd dks gVk gh fn;ktk,xkA vkSj ;g ckr dsoy f'k{kdksa ij gh ykxw ugha gksrh gS & ;g gjsd balku ij ykxw gksrh gSA rqe iQykadjks\ tSls vkns'kksa dks tYn gh cgqr NksVh&NksVh e'khuksa }kjk djok ikuk laHko gks ik,xkA ,d dke tks e'khusaugha dsoy euq"; gh dj ik,axs oks gS ubZ vkSj cnyrh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa ekSfyd fparu vkSj bl dkeds fy, vkns'k ikyu djus okyksa dh dq'kyrk,a ,dne csdkj fl¼ gksaxhA

iz'u% ftl lekt dk vki o.kZu dj jgs gSa mldk <kapk dSls mHkjsxk vkSj mlesa fLFkjrk dSls vk,xh\vkids vuqlkj ,d cgqr tfVy O;oLFkk ds le{k ftl izdkj ,d cPps dh lgt izkÑfrd izfrfØ;k gksrh gSmlh rjg gesa Hkh vius ifjos'k dks ns[kuk pkfg,A ijarq NksVs ckyd dks ekrk&firk dh Bksl fuf'prrk vkSjlqj{kk miyC/ gksrh gSA D;k vkidks lekt esa bl izdkj dk dksbZ lerqY; <kapk fn[krk gS ftldk ge lgkjkys ldrs gSa\ D;k vki blds fy, dksbZ vU; <kapk lq>k ldrs gSa\

mRrj% vxj lekt esa ;gh fu;ferrk,a] uewus vkSj <kaps gSa rks cPps mUgsa [kkst yasxsA eq>s yxrk gS fd ;gvkids iz'u dk ijks{k mRrj gSA ijarq vkids iz'u tSlk gh ,d vU; loky eq>ls cgqr ckj iwNk tkrk gSAblfy, eSa nksuksa iz'uksa dk tokc ,d lkFk nsus dk iz;kl d:axkA dHkh&dHkh eq>ls foKku esa izf'kf{kr yksxiwNrs gaS] ^D;k vki gjsd ckyd ls ifg, dks nqckjk vkfo"dkj djus dks rks ugha dg jgs gSa\* fiNyh ckj tceq>ls ;g loky iwNk x;k ml le; eSa dusDVhdV ds ,d gkbZ Ldwy esa Fkk vkSj eSa ,d vkneh ls ckrphrdj jgk FkkA eSa Ldwy ds lkeus okys gkWy esa [kM+k Fkk vkSj ,d cM+s dkap ds njokt+s esa ls Ldwy esa dkjksa dsikfdZUx LVSaM dks ns[k jgk FkkA ogka dksbZ ipkl dkjsa [kM+h Fkha vkSj gjsd xkM+h ds pkj ifg, lkiQ ut+j vk jgs

FksA eSaus njokt+s dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, dgk] ^mUgsa ifg, dks nqckjk vkfo"dkj djus dh dksbZ vko';drk ughagSA mldk bt+kn rks igys gh gks pqdk gS vkSj D;ksafd ifg, muds ,dne lkeus gSa blfy, cPps mUgsa vo';ns[ksaxsA* gekjs lekt esa tks Hkh uewus] fu;ferrk,a] <kaps vkfn igys ls gh ekStwn gSa] mudks lekt esa th jgs yksx[kqn [kkst dj fudkysaxsA

iz'u% D;ksafd vkius lekt dh vfuf'prrk vkSj xfr'khyrk dk ft+Ø fd;k gS] blfy, D;k vki mu <kapksadks Hkh ifjHkkf"kr djsaxs tks ogka vHkh Hkh ekStwn gSa\

mRrj% ,d pht+ vkids ns'k esa] vkSj esjs ns'k esa Hkh thou dks dfBu cukrh gSA cgqr lh ,slh LFkkbZ]vifjorZ'khy pht+sa] ftUgsa cjlksa ls tkapk&ij[kk x;k Fkk vkSj ftuls yksx bl vfuf'prrk ds lalkj esa lgkjk ysjgs Fks] oks lc vc /hjs&/hjs yqIr gks jgh gSaA vejhdk esa vkè;kfRed cspSuh dk ;g ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSAvU; ns'k tks vejhdk dh izxfr ds iFk ij py jgs gSa mudk Hkh /hjs&/hjs ;gh gJ gksxkA gesa cgqr defuf'pfrrkvksa ds lkFk thou;kiu djuk lh[kuk gksxkA lkaLÑfrd ijaijkvksa vkSj balkuh fojklr ds ewY;ksa dksf'k{kk }kjk dSls izlkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS tSls iz'u Hkh eq>ls iwNs tkrs gSaA ijarq vc euq"; ds thou dslPps iFkizn'kZd ds :i esa ikjaifjd uSfrdrk] ewY; vkSj laLÑfr vc cgqr de ek;us j[krs gSaA lp rks ;g gSfd ftu pht+ksa dks ge viuk ekxZn'kZd o thou dh izsj.kk dk lzksr ekurs gSa] ge muds lgkjs ugha thrs gSaAbl dkj.k ukStoku yksxksa dh ft+anxh dkiQh eqf'dy esa iM+ xbZ gSA gesa blds fy, dqN vo'; djuk gksxk &u, ewY;ksa] ;k fiQj dqN iqjkus ewY;ksa dks nqckjk jpuk gksxkA

iz'u% D;k ,d NksVs cPps dks mnkgj.k ds :i esa is'k djuk dqN vU;k;iw.kZ ugha gksxk & [kkldj dj tccPps dks vius [kkstchu ds dke djus ds fy, vPNh&[kklh lqj{kk feyrh gks\

mRrj% gks ldrk gSA NksVs cPpksa esa lqj{kk dh ek=kk vyx&vyx gks ldrh gSA ijarq lp rks ;g gS fd NksVscPps] ge cM+ksa dh rqyuk esa dgha vf/d vlgk; vkSj fuHkZj gksrs gSaA ge yksxksa dh ,d ft+Eesnkjh gS & pkgsadksbZ Hkh lgkjk u gks] vkSj ftl t+ehu ij ge [kM+s gksa oks fgy jgh gks fiQj Hkh ge NksVs cPpksa ds eqdkcysvf/d lkglh cuusa dh dksf'k'k djsaA blds fy, tks Hkh mi;qDr oLrq feys vki mldk lgkjk ysaA

iz'u% vki fczVsu dk ,d vyx jksy ns[krs gSaA ijarq D;k blls ifjfLFkfr dk dksbZ gy fudysxk\ D;kifjfLFkfr vkSj fodV ugha gqbZ gS\ blfy, D;k iqjkuh f'k{kk dh leL;k,a vHkh Hkh oSlh dh oSlh ugha gSa\

mRrj% leL;k,a vc vf/d xaHkhj gks xbZ gSa vkSj vR;f/d rst+h ls c<+ jgh gSaA ikjaifjd f'k{kk dk jksyfnu&izfrfnu ?kVrk tk jgk gSA gesa ,slh f'k{kk pkfg, tks cPps dks dsoy Kku u ns cfYd mls prqj]lk/u&laiUu] yphyk] ftKklq] lh[kus esa dq'ky] xfYr;kaas dks Hkwyus esa dq'ky cuk,A ,slk gh ;gka vc dqN gksjgk gS vkSj ;g /hjs&/hjs vkSj cy idM+sxkA ;g dqN vPNs Hkys yksxksa dh egt+ fnekxh mit ugha gSA oSls esjhjk; esa ,sls yksxksa dh blesa vge Hkwfedk jgh gSA ijarq ge tks dqN Hkh bl fn'kk esa dj jgs gSa mldh lqj{kkge dbZ vU; rjhdksa ls dj ldrs gSaA vkSj esjs [;ky ls ;g Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA

iz'u% D;k eSa ,d ,slk iz'u iwN ldrk gwa tks vkidks dqN fopfyr djs\ vkids vuqlkj vc dksbZ ,slkKku dk HkaMkj ugha gS ftls gesa lh[kuk t+:jh gksA vxj ge vHkh ds fy, bls izkFkfed f'k{kk rd gh lhferj[ksa rks D;k vkidh jk; esa vuqHko ds ,sls dqN {ks=k gSa ftuls gjsd cPps dks xqt+juk pkfg,\

mRrj% ;g ,d cgqr gh dfBu iz'u gSA blds ckjs esa vHkh esjs fnekx esa Hkh dkiQh vLi"Vrk gSA ftu pht+ksads ckjs esa eSa rhu o"kZ igys Li"V Fkk muds ckjs esa eSa vc [kqn dks vLi"V eglwl dj jgk gwaA dqN pht+ksa dsckjs esa lky Hkj igys rd esjh fuf'pr ekU;rk,a FkhaA ;g fuf'prrk vc ugha jgh gSA cPpksa ds thou vkSjmudh cqf¼ ds fodkl esa xf.kr dh mi;ksfxrk dk gh mnkgj.k ysaA eSaus viuh igyh iqLrd esa blds ckjs esadqN fy[kk Fkk fd xf.kr f'k{k.k 'kk;n cPps ds ekufld fodkl esa lgk;d gksrk gksA eq>s vHkh Hkh yxrk gSfd dqN cPpksa ds ckjs esa ;g vc Hkh Bhd gks ijarq vf/dka'k cPpksa ds ckjs esa eq>s bl er ij vc 'kd gSAeq>s vc lh[kus ds dbZ vkSj rjhds ut+j vkrs gSaaA geus vkt nksigj dks vyx&vyx ehfM;k &dfork&dyk&laxhr ds ,d lkFk dbZ iz;ksx fd,A euq"; dh {kerkvksa dks c<+kus esa vkSj cPpksa ds fodkl esa

eq>s ;g dqN prqj leL;kvksa ;k dqft+us;j NM+ksa ds iz;ksxksa ls dgha vf/d egRoiw.kZ yxrs gSaA blds ckotwneq>s xf.kr ilan gSA eSa 'kk;n viuh ckr dks bl izdkj dg ldrk gwaA yanu esa xf.kr f'k{kdksa ds ,d lnL;eaMy ls ckrphr djrs le; eSaus dgk Fkk fd gesa bl ckr ij dkiQh euu&fparu djuk gksxk fd D;k xf.kr,d izdkj dh vko';drk gS ;k fiQj oks ,d euksjatu gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd xf.kr dks laxhr dh rjg gh ,deuksjatd xfrfof/ ds :i esa gh ns[kuk csgrj gksxkA eq>s laxhr ls csgn yxko gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd ftu yksxksadks 'krjat ds [ksy] ;k xf.kr dh igsfy;ksa vkSj iz'uksa dks gy djus esa vkuan vkrk gS mUgsa bu xfrfof/;ksa esavfrlaqnj [kq'kh dk vglkl gksrk gS] fcYdqy mlh rjg tSls eq>s laxhr ls feyrk gSA blhfy, bu pht+ksa dksiwjk izksRlkgu feyuk pkfg,A ijarq tc yksx dgrs gSa fd vadxf.kr vkSj xf.kr dh vU; mPp 'kk[kk,a chloha'krkCnh esa thus ds fy, vfrvko';d gSa rc eSa muls lger ugha gksrk gwaA esjs ns'k esa vadxf.kr vc ,dcsdkj dh dq'kyrk cu xbZ gSA vejhdk esa vc T+;knkrj fglkc&fdrkc e'khuksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj Hkfo";esa Hkh blds vkSj rst+h ls iQSyus dh vk'kadk gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd vxys chl lkyksa esa Ldwy ikB~;Øe dhlkjh xf.kr dks ,d Vªkaft+LVj jsfM;ks ftrus cM+s midj.k }kjk djuk laHko gks tk,xkA blls u dsoy cqfu;knhvadxf.krh; dke cfYd oxZewy vkfn vkdyu Hkh dkiQh ljy gks tk,axsA bl fLFkfr esa yksxksa dks vadxf.kr]chtxf.kr] T;kfefr] f=kdks.kfefr] Bksl&T;kfefr] dSYD;qyl vkfn fl[kkuk dkiQh gkL;kLin yxsxkA vius ns'kksa dhledkyhu leL;kvksa ds gyksa ds ckjs esa yksx] xf.kr ds Kku ;k mlds vHkko esa] vPNh ;k cqjh rjg ls ughalksp ik,axsA Ldwyksa esa ftl izdkj dh xf.kr i<+kbZ tkrh gS vkSj baftfu;fjax vkSj rduhd ds vxz.kh {ks=kksa esa'kks/ ds fy, ftl izdkj dh xf.kr pkfg, gksrh gS] bu nksuksa ds chp dksbZ xgjk laca/ gS Hkh] bl ckr ij eq>s'kd gSA eq>s ugha yxrk fd tks dqN Hkh vki Ldwy esa i<+rs gSa mlls vkidks dEI;wVj dks izksxzke djus esa dqNenn feysxhA gka] vxj dEI;wVjksa ds bl ;qx esa gesa cPpksa dks dEI;wVj dq'ky cukuk gS rks ;g dq'kyrk,a mUgsadEI;wVjksa ij dke djds gh feysaxhA f}?kkrh; lehdj.kksa dks gy djus ls blesa dSls enn feysxh ;g eq>sle> esa ugha vkrk gSA

iz'u% D;k vki i<+us dh dq'kyrkvksa dks Hkh blh ut+fj, ls ns[ksaxs\mRrj% ughaA i<+uk blls dqN vyx gSA ;g ,d vkSj foLiQksV ce gS ftls eSa eqDr gksdj vejhdk esa lHkh

txg iQsad jgk gwaA blhfy, eSa mls ;gka ij Hkh iQsadwaxkA oSls vejhdk dh rqyuk esa ;gka ij eq>s yxrk gS fdmldk vk?kkr dqN de gksxkA eq>s yxrk gS fd fcYdqy nwj&lqnwj ds xzkeh.k bykdksa dks NksM+dj ckdh LFkkuksaij vf/dka'k cPps gekjs dqN fd, fcuk Hkh i<+uk lh[k tk,axsA vktdy cPpksa dk ifjos'k iwjh rjg fyf[krlkexzh ls Hkjk gksrk gS & v[kckj] if=kdk,a] Vsfyfotu ij fy[kkbZ] lkWbu&cksMZ] b'rgkj vkfnA vxj geus cPpksadks csodwiQ vkSj mu ij i<+us ds v;ksX; gksus dk ysfcy ugha yxk;k gS rks os bl ekgkSy esa vo'; i<+uklh[k gh tk,axsA eq>s yxrk gS fd dqN pht+s vPNh rjg ls Ldwy ds ekgkSy esa dh tk ldrh gSa vkSj vkidscgqr ls Ldwy ,slk djrs Hkh gSa ftuls cPps i<+us ds ckjs esa Hkh oks [kkstchu djrs gSa tks mUgksaus igys cksyusdks ysdj dh FkhA eq>s yxrk gS fd u dsoy gesa cPpksa dks i<+uk ugha fl[kkuk pkfg,] cfYd i<+kbZ ds nkSjkutks vM+pusa vkrh gSa os vf/drj gekjs i<+kus ds dkj.k gh iSnk gksrh gSa] u fd bl dk;Z ds eqf'dy gksus dsdkj.kA ,d ckSf¼d dk;Z ds :i esa i<+us dh izfØ;k & ftlesa ^iQksfud&dksM* ds jgL; dks lqy>kuk gksrk gS]cksypky dh vaxzsth dh 45 èofu;ksa vkSj fy[kkbZ ds 380 fpUgksa dks igpkuuk gksrk gS] cksyus dh tfVy fØ;kls cgqr vklku gksrk gSA cksyus ds tfVy dk;Z dks lHkh cPps [kqn le>dj lh[k ysrs gSaA blfy, eq>s i<+kbZds gquj dks fl[kkus dh dksbZ vko';drk ut+j ugha vkrh gSA

iz'u% vki pkgsa rks bu dq'kyrkvksa dks mYVk dj ldrs gSa vkSj rc Hkh vkids le{k ogh leL;k,a gkssaxhAvxj cPps i<+uk] cksyus ds rjhds tSls gh lh[ksaxs rc mudks cksyus esa Hkh oSlh gh ijs'kkuh gksxh tSlh igysi<+us esa gksrh FkhA vki fdlh Hkh dq'kyrk dks mlds lh[kus ds rjhds ls vyx ugha dj ldrs gSaA ftl rjgls cPps cksyuk lh[krs gSa ml izdkj ls muds fy, i<+uk lh[kuk laHko ugha gksxkA

mRrj% eq>s 'kk;n vkidh ckr le> esa ugha vkbZA D;k vki dg jgs gSa fd cPps cksyus ds rjhds ds gh

vuqlkj i<+uk ugha lh[k ldrs\iz'u% vxj oks mUgsa lkFk&lkFk u lh[ksaAmRrj% ^,d gh rjhds* ls esjk eryc bl izdkj gSA cPpk tc i<+uk lh[krk gS rks mlesa cgqr lh ckrsa

tqM+h gksrh gSaA oks vius ifjos'k ls cgqr lh cksyh gqbZ pht+ksa dks tCt+ djrk gSA fiQj oks ml cksyh dks viusfnekx esa O;kdj.k ds uewuksa esa NkaVrk gSA gka] eSausa dbZ Hkk"kkfon~ksa dks & tks cPpksa dh igyh cksyh dk vè;;udjrs gSa dgrs lquk gS fd cPps 'kCnksa ls igys O;kdj.k lh[krs gSaA ;kuh Hkk"kk fdl izdkj x<+h xbZ gS mldhjpuk D;k gS] blds ckjs esa cPps NksVh bdkbZ;ksa ds eryc ls igys tku ysrs gSaA ,d dke tks cPps c[kwchdjrs gSa & okss tks Hkh lqurs gaSa oks mldh O;kdj.k laca/h ckrksa dks vyx NkaV ysrs gSaA bl izdkj os vaxzsthO;kdj.k dk ,d ekufld ekWMy rS;kj dj ysrs gSaA 'kq: esa ;g ekWMy dkiQh dPps gksrs gSa ijarq dqN xfYr;ksads ckn oks muesa lq/kj djds ifjektZu ykrs gSaA Ng lky dh vk;q rd os 90 ls 95 izfr'kr O;kdj.k le>tkrs gSaA os ,d vU; vR;Ur ekSfyd vkSj l`tukRed izfØ;k ls xqt+jrs gSaA os viuh nqfu;k esa rekevyx&vyx fdLe dh pht+sa ns[krs gSaA bu pht+ksa dks uke nsus ls igys cPps mUgsa vius fnekx esa fofHkUulewgksa esa ckaVrs gSaA ^vo/kj.kk* uke dk 'kCn vejhdk esa dkiQh yksdfiz; gS vkSj cPpksa dh ^Ldwy esa lghvo/kj.kk* cukus ij dkiQh cy fn;k tkrk gSA ijarq lp rks ;g gS fd ^dqlhZ* 'kCn dk mi;ksx djus ls igysgh cPpk ^dqlhZ* dh vo/kj.kk cuk pqdk gksrk gSA oks dqlhZ dks ^dqlhZ* mlh rjg ls ugha cqykrk tSls vkivius HkkbZ dks ^fcy* dgdj lacksf/r djrs gSaaA tc cPpk fdlh dqlhZ dh vksj bafxr djds ^dqlhZ* dgrk gSml le; mlus vius fnekx esa dqflZ;ksa ds ,d cM+s lewg dk ekufp=k cuk fy;k gksrk gSA bl ekufp=k esadqflZ;ka] est+ksa] csUpksa] vYekfj;ksa vkSj fi;kuks ls fcYdqy vyx gksrh gSaA bl izdkj cPps nqfu;k dk oxhZdj.kdjrs gSa & fHkUu oLrqvksa ij vyx&vyx ysfcy fpidkrs gSaA mUgsa bu ysfcyksa ds mPpkj.k o;Ldksa ls feyrs gSaijarq fdl ysfcy dks fdl oLrq ij fpidkuk gS bldk mUgsa [kqn fu.kZ; ysuk gksrk gSA gekjs fl[kkus dh ot+gls cPps cgqr de oLrqvksa ds uke lh[krs gSaA mudh T+;knkrj lh[k [kqn dh [kkstchu] djds ns[kus ds nkSjkuvkSj mlesa lq/kj ls vkrk gSA vkSj tc eSa ,d rjhds dh ckr djrk gwa rks esjk eryc blh rjhds ls gksrk gSAcPps blh rjhds dk mi;ksx i<+uk lh[kus ds fy, mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ^bldk D;k vk'k; gS] mldk D;keryc gS\* tSls iz'uksa ls cPps fyf[kr 'kCnksa vkSj cksyh xbZ èofu;ksa ds chp laca/ LFkkfir dj ldrs gSaaA blizdkj cPps cksyh xbZ èofu;ksa esa ,d uewuk ns[k ldrs gSaA

iz'u% vkius dgk fd cPps dks cksyuk fl[kk;k ugha tkrkA os ckj&ckj lq/kj djds gh cksyuk lh[krs gSaAmRrj% gka] os [kqn lq/kj djrs gaSAiz'u% eq>s vkidh ckr dqN xyr yxrh gSA vkius dgk fd dqlhZ dks ^dqlhZ* blfy, dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd

mlds pkj iSj gksrs gSa] ysfdu ?kksM+s ds Hkh pkj iSj gksrs gSa vkSj 'kk;n blfy, NksVs cPps vDlj ?kksM+ksa dks^fcYyh* dg dj lacksf/r djrs gSaA tc cPps vU; enksZa dks ^MSMh* dgdj cqykrs gSa rks mudks lq/kjk tkrk gSA;gka cPps [kqn vius vkidks ugha lq/kjrs gSaA

mRrj% cPps [kqn viuh ckr dks lq/kjrs gSaA ;g dgrs gq, eSa {kek pkgrk gwa ij eSaus vkidh rqyuk esa cgqrls NksVs cPpksa dks djhch ls tkuk gSA eSa cgqr ls ifjokjksa dks tkurk gwa vkSj eSa vDlj ,sls ifjokjksa esa esgekudh rjg tkrk gwa tgka cgqr lkjs NksVs cPps gksrs gSaA ,d ckr dk eSa cgqr yacs vlsZ ls vè;;u dj jgk gwa fdNksVs cPps fdl izdkj cksyuk lh[krs gSaA tks eSaus ns[kk gS mlesa bu vf/dka'k lq/kjksa dks cPpksa us Loa; fd;k gSAlp rks ;g gS fd esjs ns'k esa vc cgqr ls Hkk"kkfon (Lihp FksjsfiLV) ;g ekuus yxs gSa fd ftu cPpksa dseka&cki mUgsa Hkk"kk lq/kj ds fy, ckj&ckj Vksdrs gSa os cPps ;k rks cksyuk gh can dj nsrs gSa ;k fiQj osgdykus yxrs gSaaA fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj bl izdkj dk Vksduk gh cgqr lh cksyh laca/h foÑfr;ksa dk ewy dkj.kgSA eSa ;gka ;g ugha dg jgk gwa fd ;g ckr lkS izfr'kr dslksa esa Bhd gSA dqN ,sls ifjokj Hkh gks ldrs gSa tkscPps dh gjsd xyrh dks rqjar lq/kjrs gksaA esjh jk; esa ,slk djuk mfpr ugha gSA ,sls Hkh cPps gks ldrs gSa tksbl izdkj ds xyr O;ogkj vkSj cnlywdh dks >sy dj Hkh mlds uqdlku ls cp fudyrs gksaA ijarq vf/dka'k

cPpksa dks muds eka&cki gj le; ugha Vksdrs gSa vkSj u gh mudh Hkk"kk dks lq/kjrs gSaA bldk dkj.k 'kk;nekrk&firk dk vkyL; ;k cPpksa ds izfr mudk vknj gks ldrk gSA blds ckjs esa fuf'pr :i ls ugha dgldrk gwaA

iz'u% D;k ;g lp ugha gS fd tc cPps cksyuk lh[k jgs gksrs gSa ml le; O;Ld muls fdl izdkjckrphr djrs gSa mlls cPpksa dh Hkk"kk ds fodkl ij cgqr egRoiw.kZ izHkko iM+rk gS\

mRrj% gka] fcYdqyA cPpk ogh Hkk"kk lh[ksxk tks oks vius vklikl lqusxkA esjk ;g eryc ugha gS fd cPps[kqn Hkk"kk dk bt+kn djrs gSa] oSls eq>s ,sls Hkh cPps feys gSa tks ,slk djrs gSaA eq>s dqN le; igys fdlh us,d NksVh yM+dh ds ckjs esa crk;k tks fcYdqy ,d futh Hkk"kk esa cksyrh Fkh ftls mlds ekrk&firk ds vykokifjokj ds dsoy dqN vU; ut+nhdh lnL; gh le> ikrs FksA ;g yM+dh vaxzsth fcYdqy Hkh ugha cksy ikrhFkhA dbZ] ,d&tSls tqM+ok cPps] lkr lky dh mez rd ,d ,slh futh Hkk"kk cksyrs Fks ftls vkSj dksbZ ughale> ikrk FkkA bl ckr ds iq[rk fyf[kr izek.k gSaA vkerkSj ij cPps ogh Hkk"kk cksyrs gSa ftls os vkSjksa lslqurs gSaA vxj ;g Hkk"kk dksbZ xSjekud cksyh gksrh gS] rks os mls gh lh[krs gSaA bl ckjs esa eSa vkils iwjh rjglger gwaA

iz'u% dqN f[kM+fd;ksa ds VwVs dkapksa dks NksM+dj vxj fdlh lekt esa vkids }kjk lq>k, rjhds ls vxjcPpksa dks fl[kk;k tk, rks D;k oks u;k lekt vkt ds lekt ls cgqr vyx gksxk\

mRrj% gkaA esjh jk; esa ,slk u;k lekt vkt ds lekt ls dgha csgrj gksxkA eq>s gky gh esa tc ;g ckrle> esa vkbZ rks mlds ckn cgqr cM+k /Ddk yxk & vkt f'k{kk ds uke ij ge Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dh vkRek]muds pfj=k vkSj mudh vfLerk dk guu dj jgs gSaA eSaus viuh iqLrd ^gkmQ fpYMªu iQsy* esa ftu ckSf¼d;q¼uhfr;ksa dh ckr dh Fkh muls ;g gkfu cgqr T+;knk xgjh gSA ;g gkfu ckSf¼d gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vkSj cgqrdqN gSA fczVsu esa ,d 'k[l gSa vkj- Mh- fy;kax & ftuls vki esa ls cgqr ls yksx ifjfpr gksaxsA oks ,deuksfpfdRld gSa vkSj ^flV~t+ksÚsfu;k* ds fo'ks"kK gSaA mudh ,d iqLrd dk uke gS ^n ikWfyfVDl vkWiQ,Dlihfj;al*A eSaus bl iqLrd dks gky gh esa i<+k vkSj blls eaS csgn izHkkfor gqvkA bl iqLrd esa mUgksaus ftlckr dk ft+Ø fd;k gS] ekufld mipkj ds ckjs esa ugha tkuus ds dkj.k eq>s mlds ckjs esa irk ugha Fkk vkSj ugh ml fo"k; esa eSaus igys lkspk FkkA muds vuqlkj tc ge yksxksa ij ^flV~t+ksÚsfu;k* dk ysfcy yxkdj mudkmipkj djrs gSa rks vly esa ge muds ^vuqHko dks voS/* ?kksf"kr djrs gSA blls mudk D;k eryc gS\bldk eryc gS fd ge ^LoLF;* yksx ^flV~t+ksÚsfu;k* okys chekj yksxksa ls dgrs gSa fd ^rqEgkjh nqfu;k dksle>us dh i¼fr] mldks eglwl djus dk rjhdk] mlds ckjs eas laizs"k.k dk rjhdk] mlls lacaf/r izfrfØ;k,a]lHkh xyr] chekj vkSj ikxy gSaA rqEgsa gekjh rjg ls pht+ksa dks ns[kuk lh[kuk pkfg, vkSj gekjh gh rjgizfrfØ;k djuh pkfg,] vkSj tc rqe ,slk djksxs rc ge rqEgsa lgh ekusaxs vkSj rqEgsa ;gka ls tkus nssaxsaA* vkSj muifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudks dHkh NksM+k gh ugha tkrk gS D;ksafd mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudh gkyr dHkh Bhd gh ughagksrh gSA fdlh Hkh balku ds bl rjhds ls bykt djus dh ekU;rk [kqn vius vki esa csgn ?kkrd gSA bllsvf/d ?kkrd dqN vkSj gks gh ugha ldrk gSA tc eSaus bls i<+k rks eSa ,dne lge x;k D;ksafd eSaus blds ckjsesa igys lkspk gh ugha FkkA eq>s yxrk gS fd vf/dka'k Ldwyksa vkSj ?kjksa esa NksVs cPpksa ds izfr gekjk O;ogkjmuds ^vuqHkoksa dks voS/* djrk gSA ge tks dqN Hkh Ldwyksa esa djrs gSa (pkgsa mls fNikus ds fy, ge vPNhyÝiQkt+h Hkys gh mi;ksx djrs gksa) mlls NksVs cPpksa dks ;g lans'k nsrs gaS] ^rqEgkjs vuqHko] rqEgkjh fpark,a]rqEgkjh mEehnsa] rqEgkjs Hk;] rqEgkjh bPNk,a] rqEgkjh jQfp;ka lc csdkj gSa vkSj os dqN Hkh ek;us ugha j[krs gSaaAcl dsoy gekjh jQfp;ka gh ek;us j[krh gSaA vkSj ge tks fu.kZ; ysa rqEgsa ogh i<+uk pkfg,A*

esjh jk; esa blls O;fDr] vkè;kfRed :i ls viax gks tkrk gSA tks O;fDr blls xqt+jus ds ckn Hkh viuhvfLerk] igpku] bT+tr&vkc:] LokfHkeku dks cpk ikrk gS oks lpeqp esa ,d vf}rh; balku gSA lp rks ;ggS fd ftu cPpksa dks eSaus i<+k;k gS vkSj eSaus dsoy vejhdk ds pan eagxs futh Ldwyksa esa gh i<+k;k gS] ;gcPps fuf'pr :i esa vejhdk ds lcls mPp oxZ ds gksasxs] ijarq bu cPpksa esa eq>s mudh vfLerk] ewY;ksa vkSj

bT+tr&vkc:] LokfHkeku dh dksbZ xgjh >yd fn[kkbZ ugha nhA mudh bl csgn egRoiw.kZ laink dks dksbZ pqjkysrk gSA eq>s vius ns'k esa blds f[kykiQ ,d izfrfØ;k] ,d fojks/ mBrk ut+j vk jgk gS (eSa ukStokuksa vkSjØkafrdkjh Nk=kksa vkSj ;gka rd fd fgIiht+ dk Hkh ?kksj leFkZd gwa)A ukStokuksa ds fojks/ dh ,d ckr ls eSa nq[khgwa vkSj oks gS fd mudk fojks/ cgqr èoalkRed gSA mudk ,d ,slk fojks/ gS tks [kqn vius vkidks rckg djysxkA (ijarq vc 1969 dh lfnZ;ksa esa eSa mlls bruk uk[kq'k ugha gwaA eq>s yxrk gS fd ukStokukas dk fojks/ gekjsle; dk lcls jpukRed dk;ZØe gS)A ij tc eSa cPpksa ds ckjs esa lksprk gwa rks eq>s yxrk gS fd os viusthou dk T+;knkrj le; vU; yksxksa ds vkns'k ekurs gq, gh xqt+kjrs gSaA oks viuk cgqr lkjk le;] ckgjhnckoksa ls fucVus esa [kpZ djrs gSaA blfy, mUgsa [kqn vius vkidks tkuus vkSj le>us dk cgqr de gh oDrfey ikrk gSA

vki ;g iwN ldrs gSa fd D;k ;g ckr Ldwyksa ds fy, ges'kk ls lp ugha Fkh\ vkSj blds mRrj esa dgwaxkfd dqN va'k rd rks ;g ckr ges'kk ls gh lp Fkh] fiQj Hkh Ldwy dHkh Hkh cPpksa dh iwjh fta+nxh ugha fuxyikrs FksA ikSy xqMeSu ds 'kks/ ds vuqlkj] fiNyh 'krkCnh ds var rd vejhdk esa dsoy Ng izfr'kr yksx ghgkbZ Ldwy iwjk dj ikrs Fks & dkWyst dh ckr rks nwj dh jghA gekjs ns'k esa 1920 ds vklikl Hkh ;g izfr'krblls cgqr vf/d ugha FkkA blfy, cPps vius vkidks igpku ikrs Fks vkSj viuh {kerkvksa dks le> ikrs FksvkSj fiQj oks balku dh gSfl;r ls viuh vfLerk vkSj LokfHkeku ls voxr gksrs ikrs FksA vkSj muesa ls tks yksxi<+kbZ esa izoh.k gksrs Fks] ftUgsa iqLrdsa vPNh yxrh Fkha vkSj tks ;g lc ckrsa dj ikrs Fks oks dqN fo'ks"k izdkjds dkeksa esa yx tkrs FksA ijarq gekjs ns'k eas vc geus gjsd balku dks bl fo'kky jl fupksM+us okyh e'khu esa>ksad fn;k x;k gSA vkSj blds dkj.k cgqr vf/d cjcknh gks jgh gSA

vc eSa mu pht+ksa ij okfil tkmQaxk ftuds ckjs esa igys ckrphr dj jgk FkkA eq>s yxrk gS fd uLyokndk ruko] xjhch dh leL;k,a vkfn dk vxj dHkh fuokj.k gksuk gS rks buds fy, gesa ,sls yksx pkfg, gksaxsftUgsa [kqn ls rlYyh gks] ,sls yksx tks Øks/] }s"k vkSj fujk'kk ls eqDr gksa vkSj rHkh oks nfj;kfnyh vkSjnwjnf'kZrk ls dke dj ik,axsA vkt ds <jsZ ls balkuh uLy cgqr vkxs ugha tk ik,xhA eq>s ;g ugha irk fd bldk;Z dks djus ds fy, gesa fdruk le; c['kk x;k gS ijarq blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd gesa fudV Hkfo"; esa,d Økafrdkjh] ,d u, euq"; dh vko';drk gSA

iz'u% ftl izdkj dh 'kS{kf.kd O;oLFkk dh vki dYiuk dj jgs gSa mlds fy, vki bruh vf/d ek=kk esaf'k{kd dgka ls yk,axs\

mRrj% lkekU; rkSj ij eSa dgwaxk fd f'k{kdksa dks muds izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku ogh vuqHko feyus pkfg, ftudksge pkgrs gSa fd oks cPpksa dks ckn esa nsaA mUgsa Vªsfuax ds nkSjku Loa; [kkst }kjk] lh[kus dh mRrstuk dk et+kfeyuk pkfg,A bl lky eSa f'k{kk ds dqN dkslZ i<+kmQaxk & ,d gkoMZ fo'ofo|ky; esa vkSj dqN dSfyiQksfuZ;kfo'ofo|ky; esaA eSa tks dqN dg jgk gwa mUgsa bu dkslksZa esa Bksl :i esa ykxw djus dk iz;kl d:axkA esjs dkslZesa x`gdk;Z] ijh{kk,a vkSj vad ugha gksaxsA eSa Nk=kksa dks lalk/uksa (fjlksflZl) dh ,d lwph nawxk vkSj ;gka lalk/uksals esjk eryc dsoy iqLrdkas ls ugha gSA muesa fu;fer :i ls Ldwyksa esa tkuk] yksxksa ls ckrphr djuk vkSjfofHkUu LFkkuksa ij tkap&iM+rky djuk 'kkfey gksxkA eSa dgwaxk% vxj vki buesa ls fdlh ds Hkh ckjs esa vkSjvf/d tkuuk pkgrs gSa ftls vkius i<+k] ns[kk ;k ftlij 'kks/ fd;k gS rks vkids lkFk mu ij ppkZ djds eq>scgqr [kq'kh gksxhA ijarq vkidks [kkst [kqn djuh gksxh! nsf[k,] ogka dqN vPNk dke py jgk gS blfy, vkiogka tkdj mls ns[ksaA eq>s u, f'k{k.k dks djus dk ewy :i ls ;gh ,d rjhdk ut+j vkrk gSA ;g dke dkiQheqf'dy gksxkA (dqN dks ;g vPNk ugha yxk] dqN us bl dke dks NksM+ fn;k] ijarq cgqr ls yksxksa dks ;gvuqHko dkiQh egRoiw.kZ vkSj et+snkj yxkA)

i=kfiz; Mk- fCyl]--- esjh jk; esa cPps rHkh lcls vPNk lh[krs gSa tc os [kqn fdlh pht+ dks lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA oks [kqn gh

fu.kZ; ysrs gSa fd oks mls dc vkSj dSls lh[ksaxsA os fdlh pht+ dks fdlh ds dgus ls ugha] cfYd viuh [kqndh ftKklk 'kkafr ds fy, lh[krs gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd vxj ge vkt ds cksf>y ikB~;Øe dks vkaf'kd ;k iwjhrjg ls gVk nsaxs rks mlls lh[kus dh izfØ;k cgqr csgrj gksxhA eq>s ijh{kkvksa] VsLVksa vkSj vadksa vkfn dk lh[kusdh izfØ;k esa dksbZ Hkh mi;ksxh jksy ut+j ugha vkrk gSA mYVs ;g lc pht+sa lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa ck/d gSaaALdwyksa esa vDlj cPpksa dks mudh {kerkvksa ds vk/kj ij vyx&vyx lewgksa esa ckaV fn;k tkrk gSA eSa bldsiwjh rjg f[kykiQ gwaA eq>s yxrk gS fd vDlj i<+kus dk rjhdk gh lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa ck/k curk gS &fo'ks"kdj i<+us esaA eq>s yxrk gS fd vxj cPpksa dks fcYdqy Hkh u i<+k;k tk, rks os csgrj :i ls vkSjdkiQh ljyrk ls i<+uk lh[k tk,axsA gesa dksf'k'k djds Ldwyksa esa ,sls cgqr ls yksxksa dks ykuk pkfg, tks is'ks lsf'k{kd u gksaaA ,sls yksx ftudh fpark dsoy cPpsa gkas ds ges'kk lkFk jgus ls cPpksa dks dksbZ ykHk ugha gksxkA eSapkgrk gwa fd Ldwyksa esa ckgj ls reke yksx yxkrkj vk,a vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk ckgj dh nqfu;k ds ckjs esa vkSjvius dke ds ckjs esa ckrphr djsaA eSa pkgrk gwa fd cPpksa dks viuh lh[k c<+kus ds fy, Ldwy ds ckgj dhnqfu;k ds lalk/uksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,A eq>s yxrk gS fd Ldwyksa] cPpksa vkSj f'k{kdksads fy, vc vfuok;Z Ldwyh gkft+jh dk dksbZ mi;ksxh jksy ugha cpk gSA blfy, blesa ;k rks la'kks/u djukpkfg, ;k fiQj vfuok;Z Ldwyh gkft+jh dks jn~~n djuk pkfg,A esjh jk; esa f'k{kk cPpksa vkSj ukStokuksa dh nqfu;kesa izos'k djus vkSj mi;ksxh dk;Z djus esa lgk;rk dj ldrh gSA ijarq geus f'k{kk dks cPpksa ds jkLrs esa cgqrcM+k jksM+k cukdj [kM+k dj fn;k gS vkSj gesa bl ck/k dks muds jkLrs ls gVkus ds rjhds <wa<us pkfg,A blfy,fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djus ds fy, eSa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ekdZ'khV ;k vU; fdlh Hkh 'krZ ds f[kykiQ gwaA esjhjk; esa gesa gjsd cPps vkSj mlds }kjk fd, tkus okys fdlh Hkh mi;ksxh lkekftd dk;Z ds chp dh lHkhck/kvksa dks gVk nsuk pkfg,A ge tks dqN Hkh dgrs gSa mlds }kjk lh[kus vkSj thou dks vkSj i`Fkd dj nsrs gSa]tcfd gesa mUgsa tksM+us dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,----

vkidktkWu gksYV