voting machin
TRANSCRIPT
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ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINE
ABSTRACT
India is worlds largest democracy. It is perceived to be charismatic one as
it accommodates cultural, regional, economical, social disparities and still
is able to stand on its own. Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in
elections forms the basis of Indian democracy.
In India all earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections a
voter used to cast his/her vote to his/her favorite candidate by putting the
stamp against his/her name and then folding the ballot paper as per a
prescribed method before putting it in the Ballot box. This is a long, time-
consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation
continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting
machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this
condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting
machine.
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T
HEORY
Electronic Voting Machine is widely used Application Now a days. This
Application has two main Units
1) Balloting Unit2) Controlling Unit
Balloting Consists of Matrix of switches which has 16 different switches.
Each one correspondence to the Candidate of the different Party. On
each switch different Symbols are shown, so each switch represents thedifferent and unique Candidate. When user enters Balloting Unit, He/She
is allowed to vote to any of the 16 candidate. If user tries to give vote to
more than one candidate then one candidate then only first vote is
recorded.
At controlling unit, counting is done and results are declared.
How the Vote is cast with this EVM?
The entire process is very easy to understand:
Like in earlier system, your name is called and you are asked to signor put your thumb impression in a register.
After your identification is done by Election Officer, an ink mark isput on your finger, same as earlier.
Then the Election Officer gives you a slip that bears the Voterregister number where you signed or put your thumb impression.
You hand over this slip to the presiding officer who confirms theserial number and permits you to vote by pressing the button of the
Control Unit of EVM. You are not given any ballot thereafter, and are sent to the EV
Machine placed behind a card board in a corner The machine is
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As soon as the button is pressed, the red LED indicator lights up anda whistle sound comes from the machine. This signifies that yourvote has been casted rightly. Now you can come out.
In case of red LED not working, press the Blue button firmly again. Iffinding it difficult, consult the Presiding Officer.
Your vote is complete safe and secret and there is no room for error
as well. You can rest assured that your vote is not going to beinvalid in any case.
The Voting Machine is attached to the 'Control Unit'. When the userpresses the button, his vote is registered in the control unit and thenumber of votes for the respective candidates is calculatedautomatically.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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WORKING
The Electronic voting machine builds around Microcontroller Atmel
AT89C51. The power supply from 9V is down converted and regulated 5V
to the circuit.
Reset switch is used to manually reset in microcontroller, while
power on reset signal for microcontroller is derived from combination of
resistors. Pin 31 (EA/Vcc) is connected to the Vcc to enable internal
program executive. Pin 18 and 19 are input and output pins of the build ininverting amplifier, respectively, which can be use as an on-chip
oscillator. An 11.592 MHz crystal is used to generate clock frequency to
the microcontroller
Port 3 is used to drive the segment common-cathod display. Pins
17 down through 10 are connected to the input pins of 8-bit 3-state
non inverting bus transceiver IC 74LS245
$
output IC 74LS245 via resistor of 82 IC 74LS245 is used to as non
inverting bus transceiver to increase the current level Resistors of 82
are used to the limit the current through 7-segment displays. Each
display compromises of light emitting diodes (LEDs) with their common
cathode connected together, hence
t
Port 1 acts as multiplex to select a particulars 7 segment displayusing octal Darlington transistor array JLN 2803 transistor. Pin 5 through
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Port 1 and Port 3 provides the segment data and enable signal
simultaneously for displaying a particular number on 7-segment display.
Port 2 detects pressing of the switches (Start, Display, Count and Clear)
by pulling the port pins to ground. The software detects the pressing of
the switches and reacts as per program and uzzer is turn on along with
LED.
Port 2 is connected to the switches (Matrix 4 x 4).
Connection Should Be as follows for Matrix:-
Pin 21-Pin 28 of IC89C51 should be connected to the Light Blue,
brown, Black, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green wires of Marix Respectively
OPERATION
1 Connect 9V battery
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PCB RULES/SOLDERING AND
TROUBLESHOOTING
PCB RULES
1. No sharp right angle bends or conductors when spacing is closer than 0.012 in.
2. Use circular pads for all pad/vias except pin one (1) on through hole components, which
should be square.
3. All signal traces must originate or end at a pad or via (no `T' connectionspermitted).
4. T's are permitted on power and ground wiring.
5. All power and ground traces must be a minimum of 0.050 in. wide except for tie upsand
tie downs.
6. Maintain consistent orientation of similar components on the card.
7. The component location screen must indicate the following on the component side:
(a) Component outline.
(b) Component identification code from schematics (i.e. U1, R1, ....)
(c) Orientation of component (notch or pin 1).
(d) Diodes must have anode/cathode marked.
(e) "+" indicating polarity of polarized capacitors.
(f) Card name.
(g) Bright white indelible ink is to be used for the marking.
8. Refer to board outline drawing for required component placement.
9. Number components to read like book (upper left to lower right). Provide updated
information in Protel format.
10. Decoupling capacitors have a 1206 spacing. Place at roughly 1 capacitor for every
I.C.equivalent.
11. Provide 2 .040 holes .1" apart for ground at 1 place on the PCB.
12. Put "100000 Rev. X" in copper.13. PCB is to be X Layers SMOBC .062 thick.
SOLDERING
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Moving components BEFORE the solder has solidified may again either LIFT the copper
tracks or cause a DRY JOINT explained previously.
Apply the soldering iron tip and solder to the joint SIMULTANEOUSLY and keep there
until the solder flows correctly over the joint.
Remove the soldering iron tip IMMEDIATELY after the smoke from the flux within the
solder disappears approximately 2 seconds after the solder melts.
Only use SILVER-LOADED SOLDER for SMT joints (2% Silver)
TROUBLESHOOTING
After making the project we had gone through the following steps.
1) We check the continuity of the layout using DMM.
2) We check whether any dry soldering is there in circuit or not.
3) We connected the disconnected path of copper using the soldering material.
4) We check the voltages at different pins of IC 556 using DMM.
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART REPRESENTING THE WORKING OF THE SYSTEM:
Start
No
Press 279
Press Restart
switch
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Yes
CODE
ORG OOH DELAY2M
CLR O1.5
LCALL
DELAY2M
SWP1:
A,#OFFH
MOV
MOV P2,A
MOV A,#00H
MOV P1,A
MOV P2,A
MOV P3,A
SWP:
LCALL
DELAY2M
MOV
A,#OFFH
MOV P2,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
SETB P0.0
SETB P0.1
SETB P0.2
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1 ANL
MOV P2,A
A,#0F0H
Stop
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SETB P1.1
SETB P1.2
SETB P1.3
CLR P2.3
MOV A,P2
OPL A
ADD A,#0F0H
JZ SWP1
ANL A,#0F0H
ORL,
A,#0F0H
CPL A
SCANKEY
LCALL
CLR P0.0
LCALL DELAy
ADD A,#00H MOV 31H,A
SEPTB P0.0 JZ DISPEP
MOV A,#00H
MOV P3,A
WR1:
A,#0FFH
MOV P2,A
L1: MOVP3,#3DH
SETB P1.4
LCALL
DELAY2M
SCANKEY LCALL
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
CLR
P.14
LCALLD
ELAY2M
MOV 30H,A MOV A,P2
ANL, A#0F0H
LCALL
DELAY2M
SWR: MOV,
A#0FFH
MOV P2,A
ORL, A#0FH
CPL A
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DELAY2M MOV
C,P1.0
JC L1
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
DISPEP:
A,#504
MOV
MOV P3,A
SETB P1.4
LCALL
MOV A,P2
ANL A#0FH
ORL A#0FH
CPL A
ADD A#0OH
JNZ SWR
SWP2:
A#0FH
MOV
DELAY2M
CLR
P1.4
MOV A, A#0FH
MOV P3,A
SETB P.15
LCALL
MOV P2,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
OV A,P2
ANL A,#0F0H
ORL A,#0F0H
CPL A,
ADD A,#00H
JZ SWP2
DELAY2M
MAIN:
LJMP DISPE
CLR P0.2
MOV 69H,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6AH,A
SCANKEY MOV 70H,A
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COUNTERS
SWR2:
MOV
A,#FFH
MOV 41H,A
MOV 42H,A
MOV 43H,A
MOV 44H,A
MOV 45H,A
MOV 73H,A
MOV 74H,A
MOV 75H,A
MOV 76H,A
MOV 77H,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
MOV 46H,A
MOV 47H,A
MOV 48H,A
MOV 49H,A
MOV 4AH,A
MOV 78H,A
MOV 79H,A
MOV 7AH,A
MOV 7BH,A
MOV 7CH,A
NOV A,P2
ANL A,#0FOH
ORL A,#0FH
CPL A
AD A,#0OH
JNZ SWR2
MOV 4BH,A
MOV 4CH,A
MOV 4DH,A
MOV 4EH,A
MOV 4FH,A
MOV A,30H
SUBB A,#1H
JNZ DISPE
MOV AM31H
SUBB A,#6H
JNZ DISPE
MOV A,32H
SUBB A,#8H
MOV 50H,A
MOV 51H,A
MOV 52H,A
MOV 53H,A
MOV 54H,A
MOV 55H,A
MOV 56H,A
MOV 57H,A
MOV 58H,A
MOV 59H,A
MOV 5AH,A
XXX:
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MOV 5CH,A
OVER:l
SJMP
LJMP MAIN MOV 5DH,A
MOV 5EH,A
OVER
DISPE:
MOV
P3,#5DH
SETB P1.4
LCALL
MOV 60H,A
MOV 61H,A BBB: LJMP BBBB
DELAY2M MOV 62H,A CCC: LJMP CCCC
CLR P.14
LCALL
MOV 63H,A
MOV 64H,A AAA: MOV C.P.2
DELAY2M
LCALL
MOV 65H,A
MOV 66H,A JNC AAA
DELAY2M
LCALL
MOV 67H,A
MOV 68H,A
CLR P0.1
A1 MOV P3,#
OD C H
SETB P.14
LCALL
MOV A@R0
MOV 38H,A
CLR P.20
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
2M
CLR P1.4
LCALL
MOV A@R1
MOV 39H,A
MOV A.P2
ANL A,#0F0H
AY2M
LCALL
ORL A,#0FH
CPL ADELAY2M ADD A,#00H
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DELAY2M MOV A,R2
MOV R0,A
MOV A,@RO
MOV 3AH,A
MOV RO,B
CLR P0.0
MOV A,#0FH
SWP3:
MOV
A,#OFFH
MOV P2,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
MOV B,RO
MOV A,R3
MOV RO,A
MOV A,@RO
MOV 3BH,A
MOV R0,B
AAA2:
DELAT2M
MOV 30H,A
MOV P3,#01H
SETBP1.4
LCALL
CLR P1.4
CLR P2.2
CLR P.23
MOV A,P2
ANL A,#0F0H
ORL A,#0FH
CPL A
ADD A,#001
JZ AAA1
MOV A,#0FFH
MOV P2,A
LCALL
INTEM
MOV A,38H
MOV @R0,A
MOV A,39H
MOV @R1,A
MOV B,R0
LCALL
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
LCALL
LCALL
DJNZ
30H,AAA2
SETB P0.0S
LCALL
SCANKEY
ANL A,#0FH
MOV A,R2
MOV R0,A
MOV A,3AH
MOV @R0,A
INCREMENT
COUNTER
TOTAL
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RL A
RL A
AD A,#40H
MOV R1,A
ADD A,#01H
MOV R2,A SWR3:
A,#0FFH
MOV B,R0
MOV A,R3
MOV R0,A
MOV A,3BH
MOV @R0,A
MOV R0,B
MOV
INTEM
MOV 38H,3CH
MOV 39H,3DH
MOV 3AH,3EH
MOV 3BH,3FH
LCALL
ADD A,#01H
MOV R3,A
MOV 3CH, 38H
MOV 3DH, 39H
MOV 3EH, 3AH
MOV 3FH, 3BH
LJMP XXX
BBBB: MOV
C,P1.3
JNC BBBB
MOV, A#00H
MOV 66H,A
MOV 67H,A
MOV 68H,A
MOV 69H,A
MOV 6AH,A
MOV 6BH,A
MOV 6CH,A
MOV 6DH,A
MOV 6EH,A
MOV 6FH,A
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MOV 40H,A
CLEAR
COUNTERS
MOV 41H,A
MOV 42H,A
MOV 43H,A
MOV 44H,A
MOV 45H,A
MOV 46H,A
MOV 47H,AMOV 48H,A
MOV 49H,A
MOV 4AH,A
MOV 4BH,A
MOV 4CH,A
MOV 4DH,A
MOV 4EH,A
MOV 4FH,A
MOV 50H,A
MOV 51H,A
MOV 52H,A
MOV 53H,A
MOV 54H,A
MOV 55H,A
MOV 56H,A
MOV 57H,A
MOV 58H,A
MOV 71,HA
MOV 72H,A
MOV 73H,A
MOV 74H,A
MOV 75H,A
MOV 76H,A
MOV 77H,A
MOV 78H,A
MOV 79H,A
MOV 7AH,A
MOV 7BH,A
MOV 7CH,A
MOV 7DH,A
MOV 7EH,A
MOV 7FH,A
MOV 38H,A
MOV 39H,A
MOV, 3AH,A
MOV, 3BH,A
MOV, 3CH,AMOV, 3DH,A
MOV, 3EH,A
MOV, 3FH,A
MOV, A,#0FH
MOV 30H A
SEGVAL
SEGVAL
SEGVAL
CCCC1:
P3 38H
MOV A,3VCH
LCALL
MOV ,38H,A
MOV A,3DH
LCALL
MOV ,39H,A
MOVA ,3EH
LCALL
MOV ,3AH,A
MOV ,A3FH
LCALL
MOV
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MOV 5AH,A
MOV 5BH,A
MOV 5CH,A
MOV 5DH,A
MOV 5EH,A
MOV 5FH,A
MOV 60H,A
MOV 61H,A
MOV 62H,A
MOV 63H,A
MOV 64H,A
MOV 65H,A
BBB1:
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
MOV
P3,#70H
SETB P1.4
LCALL
CLR P.14
LCALL
LCALL
LCALL
DELAY2M
DELAY2M
LCALL
CLR P1.4
MOV P3,39H
STB P1.5
LCALL
CLR P1.5
MOV P3,3AH
SETB P1.6
LCALL
DELAY2M
CLR P1.6
MOV P3,3BH
SETB P1.7
LCALL
MOV
A,@R0 MOV 38H,A
MOV @R0,A
MOV 39H,A
MOV B,R0
MOV A,34H
SEGVAL
SEGVAL
LCALL
MOV 38H,A
MOV A,35H
LCALL
MOV 39H,A
DELAY2M
CLR P.17
MOV A,R2
MOV R0,A
MOV A@R0 SEGVAL
MOV 36H,H
LCALL
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SWP4MOV
MOV B,R0
MOV A,R3
SEGVAL
MOV A,37H
LCALL
A,#0FFH MOV R0,A MOV 3BH,A
MOV P2,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
MOV A@R0
MOV 3BH,A
MOV R0,B
MOV A,#3FH
MOV 30H,A
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
SWR4
A,#0FFH:
MOV CCCC2:
P3,38H
MOV
SETB P1.4
MOV A,P2 MOV P2,A LCALL
ANL A,#0F0HORL A,#0FH
CPL A
ADD A,#00H
JZ CCCC1
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
CLR P2.2
CLR P2.3
DELAY2MCLR P1.4
MOV P3,39H
SETB P1.5
LCALL
MOV A,#0FFH
MOV P2,A
LCALL
SCANKEY
MOV A,P2
ANL A,#0F0H
ORL A,#0FH
CPL A
ADD A#00H
JNZ SWR4
DELAY2M
MOV
P3.3AH
DELAY2M
CLR P.156
SETB P.16
LCALL
ANL A,#0FH MOV CLR P1/6
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RL A
ADD A,#40H MOV P.3.3BH
MOV R0,A
MOVING CVALUE TO TEM
ADD A,#01H
MOV R1,A
ADD A,#01H
MOV R2,A
ADD A,#01H
MOV R3,A
MOV34H,38H
MOV
35H,38H
MOV
36H,38H
MOV37H,38H
DELAY2M
30H,CCCC2
SETB P.17
LCALL
CLR P.17
DJNZ
LJMP XXX
SEGVAL:
CJNE
A,#0U,NO
Z11 MOV A,3AH
ADD
ONE: MOV
A,#0U
RET
MOV
RET
A,#7RH
Z111
MOV ,3AH
RET
MOV A,39H
TWO:
THREE:
MOV
A,#1H
RET
M
OV
NO:
CJNE
A,#01
H,N1
MOV
A,#22H
RET
ADD A,#1H
MOV 39H,A
RET
A,#2H
FOUR:
RET
MOV
A,#3H
N1:
CJNE
A,#02
Z1111 MOV A,38H
ADD A,#1H
MOV 38H A
FIVE:
RET
MOVA,#4H
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RET
N2:
CJNE
A,#03
H,N3
MOV
A,#37H
RET
MOVA,#0FFH
RET
SCANKEY:
SIX:
SEVEN
MOV
A,#5H
RET
MOV
N3:
CJNE
A,#04
H,N4
MOV
A,#2BH
RET
MOV P2,A
CLR P2.0
MOV
C,P2.4
A,#6H
EIGHT:
RET
MOV
A,#7H
RET
N4:
CJNE
A,#05
H,N5
MOV
A,#3DH
RET
N5: CJNE
A,#06H,N6
JNC
ONE
MOV
C,P2.5
JNC TWO
MOV
C,P2.6
NINE:
TEN:
MOV
A,#8H
RET
MOV
A,#9H
RET
MOV A,#7DH
RET
JNC
THREE
MOV
C,P2.7
JNC
FOUR
SETB P.20
ELEVEN:
A,#0AH
MOV
RET
N6: MOV
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H,N7
MOV
A,#26H
RET
CLR P2.1
MOV C,P2.4
A,#0BH
RET
N7:
CJNE
A,#08
H,N8
MOV
A,#7FH
RET
MOV C,P2.4
JNC FIVE
MOV C,P2.5
JNC SIX
THIRTEEN:
FOURTEEN:
RET
MOV
A,#0CH
RET
MOV
A,#0DH
N8:
CJNE
A,#09
H,N9
MOVA,#2FH
RET
MOV C,P2.6
JNC SEVEN
MOV C,P2.7
FIFTEEN:
RET
MOV
A,#0EH
RET
N9:
RET
CLR P2.2
JNC EIGHT
SETB P.2.1
SIXTEEN:
DELAY2M
MOV
A,#0FH
RET
MOV
INTEM: MOV
A,3BH
CJNE A,#09H,Z1
MOV A,#00H
MOV 3BH,A
MOV A,3AH
MOV C,P2.4
JNC NINE
MOV C,P2.5
JNC TEN
MOV C,P2.6
R3,#4
MOV
R4#145
TTI:
DJNZ R4,TT1
DJNZ R3,TT1
NOPRET
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MOV A,#OOH
MOV ,3AH,A
MOV, 39H
CJNE
A,#90H,Z111
MOV A,#OOH
MOV A,39H
MOV A,38H
CJNE
A,#90H,Z1111
LJMP OVER
Z1 MOV
A,3BH
ADD
A,#1H
MOV
3BH,A
RET
SETB P2.3
MOV C,P2.7
JNC TWELVE
SETB P.2.2
CLR P2.3
MOV C.P.24
JNC
THIRTEEN
MOV C.P.25
JNCFOURTEEN
MOV C.P.26
JNC FIFTEEN
MOV C.P.27
JNC SIXTEEN
LJMP
SCANKEY
TTU1:
R3,.#132
MOV
R1,.#116
DJNZ
R1TTU1
DJNZ
R2TTU1
DJNZ
R3TTU1
RED
ORG 700H
DB 7EH
DB 22H
DB 57H
DB 37H
DB 2BH
DB 3DH
DB 7DH
DB 26H
DB 7FH
DB 2FH
END
END
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RESULT AND CONCLUSION
The EVM consists of a control unit (CU) and ballot unit (BU), both the units
are working independently and in collaboration with each other as well. The CU is accepting password in voting mode and is respondingaccordingly.
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In total, the complete system (including all the hardware components and
software routines) is working as per the initial specifications and
requirements of our project. Because of the creative nature of the design,
and due to lack of time, some features could not be fine-tuned and are
not working properly. So certain aspects of the system can be modified asoperational experience is gained with it. As the users work with the
system, they develop various new ideas for the development and
enhancement of the project.
COMPONENTS
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U3 - 74LS245 non inverting bus transceiverU4 - AT89C51 MicrocontrollerDS1-DS4 - LTS 543 seven segment common cathode displayLD1, - Red LED (5mm)LD2 - Green LED (5mm)RN1, RN2 - 10k*9 pin (1/4 watts)-Resistor Bank
XTAL - 11.0592 MHz 10k (1/4 watts)R1-R7 - 82R8 - 100R9-R10 - 470R11 - 10kC1 - 1000uF, 25 V electrolyticC2, C3 - Not RequiredS1-S6 - Push-to-on switch (2-Legs) Tack switchSocket - 18 Pin IC BaseSocket - 20 Pin IC BaseSocket - 14 Pin IC Base
J1-J4 - JumpersBattery - 9V-BatterySwitch Matrix - 4 * 4 Switch PCBSwitch - 12mm 4 PIN Tack Switch 16 Pec
REFERENCE
Muhammad Ali Mazidi , Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay.Second edition, THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED
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K. J. Ayala. Third edition, The 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
General information about electronic voting machinewww.eci.gov.in
www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asp
www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppt
www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htm
www.indian-
elections.com/electoralsystem/electric votingmachine .html
Tutorial on microcontroller:www.8051projects.net/microcontroller_tutorials/
http://www.eci.gov.in/http://www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asphttp://www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppthttp://www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htmhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.eci.gov.in/http://www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asphttp://www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppthttp://www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htmhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.html -
8/8/2019 Voting Machin
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