vuform;uj ho dkyaom urr f;usi fo lrsm;x hr s tbu homp...

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Page 1: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw
Page 2: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw
Page 3: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw

ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

ab;uif;vkHNcKHaomtkd;tdrfwpfvHk; wnfaqmufEkdifrnfh tBuHjyKvrf;nTefjzpfygonf/

rdk;&moDwGif rdk;BuD;jcif;? a&BuD;jcif;ESifh avrkefwdkif;wkdufjcif;ponfwkdYu vlwdkY\ touftkd;tdrf pnf;pdrfudk ESpfpOfjcdrf;ajcmufvQuf&Sdayonf/

tu,fí rdrdtdrfukd pepfwusaqmufvkyfxm;ygu oifhrdom;pk\touftkd;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk aumif;pGmumuG,fay;Edkifygonf/ xkdYtjyif oif\tdrfukd Mum&SnfckdifcHhpGm tokH;jyKEdkifygvdrfhrnf/ okdYjzpf&m touftkd;tdrf pnf;pdrfudkumuG,fEd kifrnfh ab;uif;onfh tk d;tdrfwnfaqmufonfhenf;pepfrsm;uk d o d&S dem;vnf&efvk dygonf/,ckpmapmifygenf;pepfrsm;onf rnfonfh tkd;tdrftrsdK;tpm;twGufrqdk toHk;jyKEd kifonf/ opftdrf? 0g;tdrf?wkduftdrf tm;vkH;twGuf oHk;Edkifygonf/

þvrf;nTefcsufudk aocsmpGmavhvmyg/ þvrf;nTefcsufygenf;pepfrsm;udk vdkufemyg/ aumif;rGefoifhavsmfaomaqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKyg/ wwfuRrf;em;vnfol (Oyrm - vuform;)ESifh aqG;aEG;tMuHjyKcsuf&,lNyD; jyifqifaqmufvkyfyg/

vrf;ñTefcsufudk zwfyg/ &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yg?vuform;uJhodkYaom uRrf;usifolrsm;xHrS tBuHOmPfawmif;yg/

þvrf;nTefpmapmifonf bmtwGufvJ/

oihfvuf&Sdtdrfudkjyifqifjcif; (odkYr[kwf) topfaqmufvdkygu-

3

Page 4: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw

ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

4

ab;uif;vHkNcHKonfh aetdrfwpfvHk;\ ta&;BuD;onhf tpdwftydkif;rsm;/

av'Pf? rd k;'PfcHEk di fonfhtdrfwpfvH k;twGuf ta&;BuD;onfhtpdwftyd kif;rsm;rSm tdrfwd kif? tdrfwd kifajr0if?axmufwef;rsm;? tdrfudk,fxnfESifh tdrfacgif? 'd kif;? xkwf? avsmuf? ,ufr ponfwdk Yjzpfonf/ ,if;tpdwftydkif;rsm;twGuf opfaumif;? 0g;aumif;udk OD;pm;ay;toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ aqG;jrnfhaeonfh t&nftaoG; nHhzsif;onfhopf0g;rsm;udk toHk;rjyKoifhyg/ ,if;tpdwftydkif;rsm; wpfckESif hwpfck qufpyf&mwGifvnf; cdkifcd kifcefYcefY wGJcsdwfqufpyftoHk;jyK&ef txl;vdktyfygonf/ tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm; jzpfonfh Murf;cif;? qifh? jywif;? wHcg;ponfwkdYtwGufrl rdrdwGif aiGaMu;jynfhpHkaomtcgrSom ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh ypönf;jzifhtpm;xdk;vQif &ygonf/

pOfpOfpOfpOfpOf tpdwftydkif;tpdwftydkif;tpdwftydkif;tpdwftydkif;tpdwftydkif; acgif;pOfacgif;pOfacgif;pOfacgif;pOfacgif;pOf vdktyfaom t&nftaoG;vdktyfaom t&nftaoG;vdktyfaom t&nftaoG;vdktyfaom t&nftaoG;vdktyfaom t&nftaoG;

;fnöpy ;g0 ?fpo hfnomrfikdcfeGr;fimuafeGvt fnxf,dkufrdt /1

fpep;fnefykvfumqa hfiSE;fnöpyhfnofeGr;fimuafeGvt fyedz ?fi0rjaHcfumtafidkwfrdt /2

fnogydkvfe&fypfuq mGpfeGr;fimuafyooafeGvt ;msrfuqtud"t /3

;g0 ?fpo hfnofeGr;fimua ;msr;fewfyKsc ?;fewfumxa /4

;g0 ?fpo hfnofeGr;fimuahfiwhfio figcafrdt /5

6/ tdrf\t&H tpdwftykdif;rsm; oifhwihfonfh opf? 0g;

;myjfyGo ?f,ufuo ?de" ;kdrtfigcafrdt /7

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Page 5: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw

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5

h fno;fiwhfimwafikdchHuB?;DyNfukdpfikdcfikdcfi0rjadku;msrfikdwfrdtfwdpt;DuB;&at;mcjthfiSEfikdwfrdt

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(c) ;msr;fewfumxamoaYfecfikdc?;fimparfnxf,kdufrdt?;DyNhfnx

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(*) fiyj;fruM?fnxf,kduSr;kdrfigcafrdthfiSEkcfpwdxt;DuBrja?fikdwfrdt

;fnwfypfpwfuqfpwkcfpwfuqfwdscfypfuqsuwfpep

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avjyif;rkefwdkif;'PfcHEdkif&ef atmufazmfjyygenf;vrf;rsm;udk vdkufemaqmif&Gufyg/

(u)

Page 6: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw

ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

6

oifhtdrftwGuf vHkNcHKpdwfcs&aom ae&mESifh tdrfrsufESmpmtaetxm; vm;&mukda&G;cs,fyg

taumif;qHk;ae&mrSefudkoifa&G;cs,fvQif oif\tdrfonf rkefwdkif;ESif ha&BuD;rIaMumifh tenf;i,fom xdcd kufysufpD;cH&vdrfh rnf/

1/ rdrdtdrfudk jrifhonfhae&mwGifa&G;cs,faqmufyg/a&0yfonfhae&mukd a&Smifyg/tdrfatmufESifhywf0ef;usifwGifa&pD;a&vmaumif;atmifa&EIwfajrmif; wl;xm;yg/tdrfwdkifajcwGifa&r0yfap&efajrzdk Yay;yg/

2/ tdrf\wdkaom rsufESmpmudkavjyif;vm&m vrf;aMumif; odkYrsufESmrlNyD; aqmufyg/tdrf\tvsm;ESifhteHonf odyfruGmbJt&G,fwlnDvQifaumif;ygonf/

3/ tdrfywf0ef;usifwGif avumopfyif&Sdoifhygonf/

odkYaomftdrfESifh eD;uyfvGef;vQiftEÅ&m,f&SdojzifhtdrfrS rvSrf; rurf;wGifpdkufoifhonf/ tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomopfudkif;rsm;udk ckwfxGifz,f&Sm;ypfyg/

4/ a&ab;tEÅ&m,frSvGwf&ef tdrfudk jrifhjrifhaqmufyg/ rdrdaetdrfudk cdkifrmawmifhwif;pGm ajrjrifh&mwGif aqmufvkyfrxm;ygu a&ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvQif touf tdk;tdrfpnf;pdrf? txl;ojzifh uav;i,frsm;ESifh oufBuD;&G,ftdkwdkY\touftEÅ&m,ftwGuf pdk;&drf&ygonf/ 4if;tjyif tdrfwpfckvkH;uRwfxGufNyD; a&arsmoGm; Edkifygonf/

odkYjzpf&m - tdrfudk jrifhjrifhaqmufyg/ tdrfMurf;jyifudk tenf;qHk;ajrjyiftxuf oHk;aycefY jrSS S Sifhxm;yg/ tdrfatmufwGif a&pD;a&vmaumif;atmifaqmif&Gufyg/

tdrfatmufwGif a&pD;a&vmydwfqdkYEdkifrnfhypönf;rsm; rxm;ygESifh/ tdrfwdkifajcwGif a&r0yfatmif ajrzdkYxm;yg/

þodk Ycd kifcef Yatmif pepfwusaqmufvkyfxm;ygua&ab;ES f h rkefwdkif;'PfrSumuG,fEd kifNyD;? aomuuif;a0;pGmaexkdifEkdifygrnf/

i

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ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

7

tdrfwdkif;rsm;udk ajr0ifeufeufwl;NyD; pdkufyg/

tdrfwdkifawmifhawmifhukd ajr0ifeufeuf pdkufxm;ygu avab;? a&ab;? usa&mufvQif tdrf ,drf;,dkifroGm; Ekdifyg/ tdrfatmufajcwGif ajrudk odyfonf; uspfvpfatmif jyKvkyfxm;yg/

tdrfwdkif ajr0if tenf;qkH; ESpfaycGJ (vufarmif;wpfqHk;) txd wl;yg/ pdkufyg/

tdrfwdkifwGif;udk apmufcswl;yg/ wl;&Gif;ief;jym; odkYr[kwf

oHwl&Gif; aumif;aumif;jzifh pepfwus wl;yg/

iGw f;atmufajcwGif tkwfcJusdK; odkYr[kwf ausmufusdK;rsm; odyfxnfhyg/

tdrfwkdifpdkufNyD;ygu wGif;udk oJ (odkYr[kwf) oJygajrBuD;

nx fhusyfyg/tdrfwdkiftvG,fwuluRwfxGuf

roGm;Edkif&ef tdrfwdkif atmuf ajcajr 0ifydkif;wGif pkd YoHBuD;BuD;ESifh jzpfap? uefYvefY opfom; wef; okdYr[kwf oyfacsmif;ESifhjzpfap ½kdufNyD;rS wdkifudkpdkufyg/

tdrfwdkifrsm;ywfvnfwGif a&r0yf ygapESifh/

tdrfwdkifatmufajcESifhajr0if ydkif;udk jcrpm;&ef? raqG;ajrUap&ef a&eHacs; odkYr[kwf aq;uwå&mjzifh

pepfwus okwfxm;yg/ wdkifatmufcHzdeyfoHk;rnfqdk

ygu? oHusifwG,fwdkifaumif;aumif;? xlxl oHk;yg/ bdkwlayguf ESpfaygufvHk;wGif bdkwl? 0g&Sm pepfwus wyfNyD; aocsmpGm usyfxm;yg/

wdkifajcrsm;udk rdk;rusrDBudKwifNyD; oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfyg/ a&eH wu;qa^;sca å&m okwfyg/ aqG;ajrUaevQif topf vJvS,fyg/

Page 8: vuform;uJ ho dkYaom uRr f;usi fo lrsm;x Hr S tBu HOmP ...unhabitat.org.mm/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-To... · tdr fw dki f;rsm;u dk ajr0i feu feu fw l;Ny D; p dku fyg/ tdr fw

ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

88888

awmifhwif;cdkifcefYonfh tdrfukd,fxnfonf avjyif;rkefwdkif;tEÅ&m,fudk cHEdkifygonf/

tdrf\udk,fxnfawmifhwif;rSom av'Pf? rdk;'Pfudk cHEdkifygvdrfhrnf/

tdrfudk,fxnfydkif;udkawmifhwif;cdkifrmaponfhenf;vrf;rsm;-

oifhawmfonfhypönf;a&G;oHk;yg/uspfvpfcdkifcefYonfhopf? 0g;rsm;udka&G;cs,f oHk;yg/

t&nftaoG;aumif;ypönf;/trsKd;rSefopf? 0g;? xef;om;(tom;usNyD;aom oif;owf xm;onfhopf0g;rsm;udkoHk;yg)

t&nftaoG;nHhypönf;udk a&Smifyg/aqG;jrnfhopf0g;? rD;avmif opf0g;okH;ygESifh/

opf0g;raqG;&efumuG,fyg/opf? 0g; raqG;jrnfh&ef? jcrudkuf&ef a&eHacs;^ aq;uwå&m okwfay;yg/ 0g;udk rD;cdk;oif;NyD;oHk;vQi f jctEÅ&m,fESifh aqG;jrnfhjcif;rS umuG,fEkdifygonf/

qifhrsm;? xkwfwef;rsm;ukd cdkifcdkif jyKvkyfyg/qifh? ,ufr? xkwfwef; ponfwkdYudk cdkifcdkifvkyfyg/ ,ufratmufrS zm;cHyg/

opf0g; tqufrsm;udk pepfwus jyKvkyfNyD; qufyg/Oyrm- opfom;csif;quf iGwm& f E;G&ap Sifh oyfxnfhjyD; qufjcif;? 0g;quf iGwm& f yapmufykH [uf í qufjcif;/

opf0g;rsm;udkpepfwus xduyfwGJqufyg/opf? 0g;rsm;udk pepfwus bdkwl? 0g&Smrsm;jzifh4if;? EdkifvGefBudK;? tkef;qHBudK;? oGyfeef;BudK;wdkYjzifh4if; cdkifcdkif csnfaESmif xm;yg/

pepfwusaoaooyfoyf aqmufvkyfyg/oH½dkufvQif opf? 0g;rsm;udk ruGJatmif½dkufyg/

BudKwifjyifqifumuG,f xdef;odrf;yg/tdrfud k,fxnf? wd kif? xkwf? avsmufwef;rsm;&Sd bdkwlrsm;udk usyfyg/ oHpGJatmif½dkufyg/xdef;BudK;rsm;ud k ppfaq;yg/ wkyfaESmifyg/aqG;jrnfhaeygu topfvJyg/

e m ; yg; py f

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ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

9

avjyif;rkefwdkif;'PfudkcHEdkif&ef tdrfudk,fxnfwGif axmufwef;rsm;xnfhyg/

axmufwef;rsm;xnfhaqmufxm;ygu avrkefwdkif;usa&mufvQif tdrfudk,fxnf tdrfwdkifrsm; auG;ñTwfjcif;?,drf;,dkifjcif;? ab;wdkufa&GUvsm;? vnfxGufoGm;jcif; rjzpfEkdifyg/

tdrfudk,fxnftdrfeH&Hrsm;wGif tenf;qHk;wpfb ufvQif axmufwef;wpfckpD xnfhoifhygonf/ MuufajccwfxnfhEkdifvQif ydkaumif;ygonf/

tdrfacgif? wkdif? xkwf? jrm;wef;tdrfacgif^'d ki f;rsm;wGifvnf; axmufwef;rsm;xnfhyg/ eH&HwGif twGif;uef Yvef Y axmufwdkrsm; xnfhyg/axmufwef;rsm;ud k bd kwl? 0g&Smuk d wif;usyfpGm wyfqifyg/ oH½d kufrnfqd kygu yH kwGif jyxm;onfhtwdkif;pepfwus½dkufyg/ ruGJatmif½dkufyg/

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ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

1 0

tdrftrdk;oufu,f? oGyfponfwdkYudk tcsifwef;? jrm;wef;? 'dkifponfwdkYESifh cdkifcdkifwGJyg/

avjyif;wdkufvQif tdrftrdk;? oGyf? "ed? oufu,frsm;udk pkwfjywf? ysufpD; vefxGufNyD; rdk;,dkEdkifygonf avrkefwdkif;usvQifrl trdk;wpfckvHk;vefxGufEdkifonf/ oGyfjym;rsm; uRwfxGuf vGifhpifygu vludk tEÅ&m,fjyKEkdifygonf/

tdrftrdk;oufu,f? oGyfponfwdkYudk? tdrf\ 'dkif;? rQm;wef;? tcsif;wef;ponfwdkYESifh aojcmpGm cdkifcdkifwyfqifxm;ygu rdk;,dkjcif;? acgifrdk;avvefjcif;wdkYrS umuG,fEdkifygonf/

tdrfacgifudkapmufapmufcsdK;yg/tdrfacgifukd tenf;qHk; 30 'D*&D csdK;yg/ vuform;tac: ckESpfvufr tcs d K; jzpfygonf/ Oyrm-xkwfwef; t&Snf 12 ay qdkvQif xkwfwef; tv,frStdrfacgifxdyf jrmwdkif txd tjrifh 3 aycGJ &Sd&ygrnf/

tdrfacgifrsufESmjyiftdrfacgifrsufESmjyifud k us,fus,frxm;oif hyg/tdrfrBuD;\ acgifwjcm;? a&SUtzDacgifwjcm;? aemuftzDacgif wjcm; ponfjzifh oD;jcm;cGJ aqmufyg/

trdk;wHpufNrdwf? trdk;pGef;trdk;wHpufNrdwf? trd k;pGef;ud k 18 vufr(wpfawmif) xufrydkoifhyg/

tdrfacgif'kdif;ESifh jrm;wef;tdrfacgif'kdif;? jrm;? xkwf? avsmuf? tdrfwdkif wdk YjzifhaocsmpGm wGJqufyg/ opfaumif;? 0g;aumif; okH;yg/

tdrftrdk; "ed^oufu,ftrdk;xlxlrd k;yg/ oufu,f wpfcsyfESih f wpfcsyfpdwfpdwf rdk;yg/ (Oyrm- 4 vufrjcm;) ESD;jzifh cdkifcdkifwkyfNyD;rdk;yg/

0g;jcrf;&mZrwfuGufMuufeif;tkyfyg/"ed^oufu,frsm; rdk;NyD;vQif 0g;&mZrwfuGuf Muufeif;jzifh cdkifcdkiftkyfyg/ EdkifvGefBudK;? oGyfeef;BudK;jzifh cdkifcdkifcsnfaESmifyg/

tdrftrd k;oGyftdrftrdk;oGyfukd oGyfoHjzifh½dkufyg/ okdUr[kwf oGyfrkd; 0uftl^0g&Smjzihf usyfusyfpkyfxm;yg/ wljzifh oGyfajrmif; csdKifhoGm;atmif r½dkufygESifh/ rdk;,dkEdkifonf/ oGyftqufrsm;udk vHkvHkavmufavmuf tkyfrdatmif xyfyg/ tdrftrdk; a'gifhav;a'gifhwGif ig;rQm;csdwfyHk oHcsdwf? rlvD? 0g&Smjzifh oGyfvefxGuf roGm;atmif csKyfwef;jzifh xdef;csKyf wyfqif yg/

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ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

1 1

tdrfacgifrdk;avvefjyKwfxGufjcif; rjzpfatmif? tdrftwGif;odkY avr0ifatmifaqmif&Guf&ef ta&;MuD;ygonf/

tdrfMurf;jyif tdrfMurf;jyifudk opf? 0g;wdkYjzifh cdkifcdkifcefYcefY cif;xm;yg/ oH½dkufNyD; odkYr[kwf BudK;cdkifcdkifcsnfwkyffNyD;xm;yg/ tdrfeH&Hrsm;udk wdkif? wef;wdkYjzifh cdkifcdkifuyfNyD; ½dkufxm;yg/ avr0ifEdkifatmif*½kpdkufyg/

jywif;rsm; tvG,fwulydwfEdkifzGifhEdkifonfh jywif;rsm;wyfyg/ Oyrm- uJvm; jywif;rsm;udk ywåmaumif;aumif;jzifh tay:abmifwef;wGif cdkifcdkifwyfqifyg/ avrkefwdkif;vmvQif twGif;rS rif;wkH;? wHcg;*suf awmifhawmifhcHNyD; ydwf yg/ jywif;ayguf? wHcg;aygufrsm;udk rdk;rusrD pepfwusppfaq;yg/ ysufvQif tcsdefrDjyifqifyg/

rdk;'Pf? av'PfrSumuG,fEdkifonfh tdrfeH&H? jywif;wHcg;aygufrsm;

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ab;uif;vkHjcKH wkdY&dyfNrKH b,fykHwnfaqmufMurnfenf;

12

xyfck d;

ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&; pDrHxm;yg/ tdrfay:wGif xyfcdk; wyfyg/

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