w1_interaksi manusia dan komputer
DESCRIPTION
handout perkuliahan interaksi manusia minggu pertamaTRANSCRIPT
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WEEK 1 Disampaikan Oleh:FENTY EKA MUZAYYANA AGUSTIN, MKom
� STANDAR KOMPETENSI � Mahasiswa dapat memahami konsep interaksi manusia dan
komputer dan menggunakannya dalam merancang interface pada perangkat lunak.
� Deskripsi Mata KuliahMata kuliah IMK bertujuan agar mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan:� Memahami manusia sbg sbr dy terpenting dlm membangun sistem
� Memahami & menerapkan
▪ konsep desain sistem interaksi▪ pembuatan model arti desain sistem interaksi▪ pembuatan notasi dan dialog dari desain sistem interaksi▪ pembuatan analisis dan desain sistem interaksi▪ pembuatan dokumentasi pada sistem interaksi
1. Andrews, Keith, HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, Lecture Notes, Graz University of Technology, 2011.
2. Stanton, Neville A., W. O, The Handbook Of Task Analysis For Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, London, 2004.
3. Oviatt, Sharon, Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction: Chapter of Multimodal Interfaces, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, New Jersey, 2002.
4. P. Insap Santoso, Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer :
Teori dan Praktek, Andi Offset, Yogyakarta, 2004.5. Surbakti, Irfan, Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer, Buku
Ajar Jurusan Teknik Informatika Fakultas TeknologiInformasi ITS, 2006
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� Form � 40%
� Kehadiran
� Tugas Individu + Kelompok
� Keaktifan di Kelas
� UTS � 30%
� UAS � 30%� E-mail: [email protected]� SMS/WA: 0813 9961 4763
� Fb: difa fenty agustin
� ..\SAP KBK IMK Versi_1_19022012.docx
� Interaksi � menurut KBBI (Kam. 2001:438)� Hal yang saling melakukan aksi, berhubungan,
mempengaruhi, antarhubungan.
� Manusia � sebagai pelaku aksi terhadapsesuatu
� Komputer � sebagai pelaku aksi terhadapsesuatu
� Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer � Keadaanyang melibatkan aksi antara manusia dengankomputer
� Kata kunci � Saling Melakukan
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FISIK
FIKIR
PSIKIS
Comfortable
V = Visual
A = AuditoryK = Kinaesthetic
O = Olfactory
G = Gustatory
User Friendly
Easy Learning
Input Process Output
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IMK
Antropologi &
Sosiologi
IlmuKomputer
Perancangan grafis
& tipografi
Psikologi
TeknikElektron
ika
Ergonomik
Linguistik
DesainIndustri
“ Human-computer interaction is a
discipline concerned with the design,
evaluation and implementation of
interactive computing systems for
human use and with the study of major
phenomena surrounding them. ”[ ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer
Interaction ]
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� Important issue� Combination of
� Ease of learning
� High speed of user task performance� Low user error rate� Subjective user satisfaction
� User retention over time
•Assume all users are alike
•Assume all users are like the designer
Two Crucial Errors
1. Change attitude of software professional2. Draw upon fast accumulating body of knowledge
regarding H-C interface design3. Integrate UI design methods & techniques into
standard software development methodologies now in place
Improving Interfaces• Know the User!
− Physical abilities - Cognitive abilities− Personality differences - Skill differences− Cultural diversity - Motivation− Special needs
� Predominant theoretical frameworks or
scientific world views
� e.g., Aristotelian, Newtonian, Einsteinian
(relativistic) paradigms in physics� Understanding HCI history is largely about
understanding a series of paradigm shifts
� Not all coming on next slides are really
“paradigm” shifts, but you get the idea
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� Cards,tape -> VDU
� Mainframe -> PC� Glass tty -> WIMP
interface
� Commands -> Direct manipulation
� Direct manipulation
-> Agents
� Visual ->
Multimedia� Linear -> Web-like
� Desktop ->
Ubiquitous, Mobile� Single user -> CSCW
� Purposeful use ->
Situated use
� Digital computer grounded in ideas from
1700’s & 1800’s
� Technology became available in the 1940’s
and 1950’s
� 1960 - Postulated “man-computer symbiosis”
� Couple human brains
and computing machines
tightly to revolutionizeinformation handling
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Pendahuluan 19/26
Immed Intermed Long-term•Time sharing•Electronic I/O
•Interactive, real-time system
•Large scale
informationstorage andretrieval
•Combined speechrecognition,
character recognition, light-pen editing
•Natural languageunderstanding
•Speech recognitionof arbitrary users
•Heuristic programming
• Computers too expensive for individuals -> timesharing
− increased accessibility
− interactive systems, not jobs
− text processing, editing
− email, shared file system
Mid 60’s
Needfor
HCI
Pendahuluan 20/26
� SketchPad - ‘63 PhD thesis at MIT� Hierarchy - pictures & subpictures
� Master picture with instances (ie, OOP)
� Constraints
� Icons
� Copying
� Light pen as input device
� Recursive operations
Pendahuluan 21/26
� Landmark system/demo:
� hierarchical hypertext, multimedia, mouse, high-res display, windows, shared files, electronic messaging, CSCW, teleconferencing, ...
Inventor of mouse
• Dynabook - Notebook sized computer loaded with multimedia and can store everything
Alan Kay
Desktopinterface
Personalcomputing
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� More suitable medium than paper
� Sutherland’s Sketchpad as landmark system� Computers used for visualizing and
manipulating data
� System is more powerful if it’s easier to use� Small, powerful machines dedicated to individual� Importance of networks and time-sharing� Kay’s Dynabook, IBM PC
Personal Computers
• ‘70’s IBM PC− Text and command-based
− Sold lots
PCs with GUIs, Xerox Star - ’81, Star, Apple
Lisa – ‘82, Apple Macintosh – ‘84
� Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers� Can do several things simulataneously� Familiar GUI interface� Xerox Alto, Star; early Apples
• All use is problem-solving or learning to some extent
• Relating computing to real-world activity is effective learning mechanism
− File management on office desktop
− Financial analysis as spreadsheets
Metaphor
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� Coins and explores notion of direct manipulation of interface� Long-time Director of
HCI Lab at Maryland� ‘82 Shneiderman describes appeal of graphically-based
interaction
� object visibility
� incremental action and rapid feedback
� reversibility encourages exploration
� replace language with action
� syntactic correctness of all actions� WYSIWYG, Apple Mac
� Mode is a human communication channel
� Not just the senses, e.g., speech and non-speech audio are two modes
� Emphasis on simultaneous use of multiple channels for I/O
Hypertext – Ted Nelson• Computers can help people, not just business
• Coined term “hypertext”
• Think of information not as linear flow but as interconnected nodes
• Bush’s MEMEX, Nelson’s hypertext
• Non-linear browsing structure
• WWW ’93
� MIT machine architecture & AI group ‘69-’80s� Ideas:
� wall-sized displays, videodisks, AI in interfaces (agents), speech recognition,multimedia with hypertext
• Introduced notion of “calm technology”− It’s everywhere, but recedes quietly into background
• CTO of Xerox PARC
Mark Weiser
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� Actions do not always speak louder than words� Interface as mediator or agent� Language paradigm
• Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
• No longer single user/single system
• Micro-social aspects are crucial
• E-mail as prominent success but other groupware still not widely used
C S C W
� Person is no longer user of virtual device but
occupant of virtual, computationally-rich environment
� Can no longer neglect macro-social aspects
� Late ‘90s - PDAs, VEs, ...