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wakmasters terrazzo - terrazzo laying process

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Members Area Sign In or Register Recent Photos Featured Products Diamond Grinding Pads per Set of 3pcs $105.00 Testimonials Read more testimonials... Terrazzo Laying Process Terrazzo floor laying is a technical work that require a lot of care and consideration right from the beginning.The various processes required can be summarized as follows: Design Stage Design stage is where various factors are considered before the actual work starts. Terrazzo is mainly used in the following areas; 1. Wet areas like Bathrooms,Toilets and kitchens. 2.Areas with heavy human traffic like Staircases and Corridors 3.Areas where heavy duty works is carried out like Garages and Warehouses. So the above considerations will help in determining the areas where terrazzo will be used. Once the area has been identified the next stage is to choose the colours that will be used. Colours mainly depends on the client taste or the intended use of the rooms. There are many factors that determine the colours to be used mainly; 1.The colours that the end user intends to use on the walls ( Matching ). 2.The kind of activity that the area will be used for. For example you may be tempted to use dark colours in garages and bright colours in kitchens. 3.Personal choice of colours. Some people are more biased on certain colours. The main colours available locally as oxides are Red, Yellow, Black Green and Blue. By carefully mixing various colours , one can obtain various other colours like Grey, orange,pink cream etc. The next stage in the design to choose the patterns . The most common form is the square or rectangular boxes. However one can become creative by making triangular, octagons , pentagons, flowers or even drawing objects like logos,animals , letters. Floor Preparation. Floor preparation is very important before terrazzo laying commences.A stable concrete floor is required in order to achieve a durable crack free terrazzo floor. If it is a new floor , ample time is needed for the concrete to cure. After curing the floor is teethed (hacking) to produce a rough surface.The floor is then thoroughly cleaned to remove all the dust. For an old floor, it is important to remove the old screed completely , do the hacking and clean all the dust and debris. If a crack appears on the concrete, it will definitely appear on the terrazzo. So ensure the concrete floor is firm. Cement Screed Once the floor is clean, the next step is laying the cement screed. This is a combination of sand and ordinary cement. The most common ratio for sand and ordinary cement is 3 wheelbarrow sand to 1 bag cement. However this ratio varies depending on the strength of the screed required. Before laying the screed, the previously prepared floor is sprinkled with water. Ordinary cement is poured with a trough and then evenly smeared on the floor with a hard brush. This acts as an adhesive. The cement screed is then evenly spread on the floor taking into consideration the levels required. In some case the floor may need to have some gentle slope to direct water in certain directions like gully traps and floor traps. Dividing Strips The dividing strips serves two main purposes: 1.Divide between various colours. Wakmasters Enterprises Dealers in Terrazzo Materials and Terrazzo Machines. Home Photo Gallery Contact Us Location Testimonials Emails Quick Links Wikipedia Terrazzo Facebook More

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  • 21/04/2015 WakmastersTerrazzoTerrazzoLayingProcess

    http://www.wakmastersterrazzo.com/terrazzolayingprocess.htm 1/3

    MembersArea

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    RecentPhotos

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    DiamondGrindingPadsperSetof3pcs$105.00

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    TerrazzoLayingProcess

    Terrazzofloorlayingisatechnicalworkthatrequirealotofcareandconsiderationrightfromthebeginning.Thevariousprocessesrequiredcanbesummarizedasfollows:

    DesignStage

    Designstageiswherevariousfactorsareconsideredbeforetheactualworkstarts.Terrazzoismainlyusedinthefollowingareas

    1.WetareaslikeBathrooms,Toiletsandkitchens.

    2.AreaswithheavyhumantrafficlikeStaircasesandCorridors

    3.AreaswhereheavydutyworksiscarriedoutlikeGaragesandWarehouses.

    Sotheaboveconsiderationswillhelpindeterminingtheareaswhereterrazzowillbeused.

    Oncetheareahasbeenidentifiedthenextstageistochoosethecoloursthatwillbeused.Coloursmainlydependsontheclienttasteortheintendeduseoftherooms.Therearemanyfactorsthatdeterminethecolourstobeusedmainly

    1.Thecoloursthattheenduserintendstouseonthewalls(Matching).

    2.Thekindofactivitythattheareawillbeusedfor.Forexampleyoumaybetemptedtousedarkcoloursingaragesandbrightcoloursinkitchens.

    3.Personalchoiceofcolours.Somepeoplearemorebiasedoncertaincolours.

    ThemaincoloursavailablelocallyasoxidesareRed,Yellow,BlackGreenandBlue.Bycarefullymixingvariouscolours,onecanobtainvariousothercolourslikeGrey,orange,pinkcreametc.

    Thenextstageinthedesigntochoosethepatterns.Themostcommonformisthesquareorrectangularboxes.Howeveronecanbecomecreativebymakingtriangular,octagons,pentagons,flowersorevendrawingobjectslikelogos,animals,letters.

    FloorPreparation.

    Floorpreparationisveryimportantbeforeterrazzolayingcommences.Astableconcretefloorisrequiredinordertoachieveadurablecrackfreeterrazzofloor.

    Ifitisanewfloor,ampletimeisneededfortheconcretetocure.Aftercuringtheflooristeethed(hacking)toproducearoughsurface.Theflooristhenthoroughlycleanedtoremoveallthedust.

    Foranoldfloor,itisimportanttoremovetheoldscreedcompletely,dothehackingandcleanallthedustanddebris.

    Ifacrackappearsontheconcrete,itwilldefinitelyappearontheterrazzo.Soensuretheconcretefloorisfirm.

    CementScreed

    Oncethefloorisclean,thenextstepislayingthecementscreed.Thisisacombinationofsandandordinarycement.Themostcommonratioforsandandordinarycementis3wheelbarrowsandto1bagcement.Howeverthisratiovariesdependingonthestrengthofthescreedrequired.

    Beforelayingthescreed,thepreviouslypreparedfloorissprinkledwithwater.Ordinarycementispouredwithatroughandthenevenlysmearedonthefloorwithahardbrush.Thisactsasanadhesive.

    Thecementscreedisthenevenlyspreadonthefloortakingintoconsiderationthelevelsrequired.Insomecasethefloormayneedtohavesomegentleslopetodirectwaterincertaindirectionslikegullytrapsandfloortraps.

    DividingStrips

    Thedividingstripsservestwomainpurposes:

    1.Dividebetweenvariouscolours.

    WakmastersEnterprisesDealersinTerrazzoMaterialsandTerrazzoMachines.

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    2.Limitthespreadofcracksontheterrazzofloorshouldafailureoccuronthefoundation.

    ThedividingstripsareeithermadeofPVC,AluminumorevenBrass.TheStandardsizehasathesizeof20mmx2mmx7ftlong.Anothercommonsizeavailablesizeis32mmx3mmx7ftlongwhicharemainlyusedinwarehouseswithheavymovingequipments.

    Thedividingstripsareputinplacebeforethecementscreedhardens.Therequiredpatternsaredrawnonthewetfloorusingnylonstring,squaresandstraightedges.The

    dividingstripsarethencarefullyputinplaceasperthedesignedpattens.Thisstageisverycriticalinlayingofterrazzo.Anymistakemadeatthisstagecannotbecorrectedoncethenextstagestarts.

    Onecriticalpointtonoteisthatallthedividingstripsneedstocompletelyflashatalltheintersectionssothattheywillallappearuniformaftergrinding.

    Beforeproceedingtothenextstage,itisrecommendedtogivethefloorapproximatelythreedaysofcuring.

    TerrazzoLaying

    Thisstageinvolvesthefollowing

    1.Mixingtheterrazzochippings.

    ThemaincoloursforterrazzochippingsareWhite,CreamandBlack.OthercoloursavailableareRedandYellow.Forthefloorareaitisrecommendedtousesize1/4"or3/8".Fortheskirting,walls,staircases,tabletopsetcisisrecommendabletousesize3/16".

    Formostordinaryfloorsusingbrightcolours,thechippingsaremixedintheratioWhite:Cream:Black=10:2:1.HoweverforGranolithic(Grano)floorstheratiochangestoWhite:Cream:Black=1:2:10.Howeverthisactsonlyasaguideandtheratioscanchangetoanycustomvalues.

    Oncetherequiredratiohasbeenidentified,thechippingsarethoroughlymixedtogiveauniformmixture.

    2.MixingthePremixedChippingswithCementandColouringOxides

    Thepremixedterrazzochippingsarethenmixedwithcementandthecolouringoxides.ThemostcommonratiosforTerrazzoChippings:Cement=2:1.Dependingonthecolourrequired,oxidesareaddedandthemixtureisthoroughlymixedtomakeauniformmixturewithoutaddingwater.

    Waterisslowlyaddedasthemixingcontinues.Atthispointonecanbeabletoseethecolouroftheterrazzomixture.Morecolouringoxidecanbeaddedtoattaintherequiredcolour.Itisrecommendedtomeasuretheoxidesinaparticularwaybyeitheraspoonoranyothercontaineroraweighingscale.Thiswillhelpinreplicatingthesamecolourshouldthemixturefailtocoverthepredeterminedarea.

    3.Layingtheterrazzomixtureinthepatterns.

    Thefloorinwhichthedividingstripshavebeenputisthoroughlyswepttoremovedustandforeignobjects.Wateristhenpouredtosoakthefloor.

    Themixtureisthenspreadintothepatternsthatrequiresthatparticularcolourusingatrough.Asaprecautiontoavoidtwocoloursmixinginapattern,differentcoloursneedstobeseparatedbyatleastoneday.

    Afteronehourcuring,arollerispassedovertocompactthemixture.Afteranothertwohoursasecondrollerispassedwhilesprinklingthemixedaggregatesuntilthefloorisuniform.

    Theexcesscementmixtureissweptwithasoftbrush.Usingatrough,thefloorisevenlyleveled.

    4.LayingtheSkirting

    Onceterrazzohasbeenlaidonthefloor,thenexttofollowistheskirting.The3/16"sizeterrazzochippingsaremixedintherequiredasabove.Cementandcoloringoxidesareaddedtoproducetherequiredshade.

    Atimberofsize3mmthickby20mmwidecommonlyreferredtoasSkirtingTimberisnailedonthewallusingSteelNeedlesataheightofapproximately45"abovethefloor.Thishelpsinshapingaclearcutlineforterrazzoonthewall.

    Wheretilesareusedonthewall,thetilesarenormallyfixed45"abovethefloorjustastheskirtingtimbertoactasthecutline.

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    Copyright2011

    Ifthewallhadbeenplasteredsmoothly,teethingisrequiredsoastomakearoughsurface.Athickmixtureofcementandwaterisappliedtoactasadhesive.

    Usingatroughtheterrazzoisevenlyapplied.Thesmotheringisrepeateduntilitholdsontothewall.Aftercuringforaboutthreehourstheexcesscementisremovedwithasoftbrush.Itislatersmotheredusingthetrough.

    Grinding

    GrindingisdoneusingElectricorKerosineterrazzomachine.

    Forthegrindingtostart,thefloorneedstobegivenatleastsevendaystocure.Whitecementcuresfasterthanordinarycementandworksdoneusingwhitecementcanbegrindedinfourdays.

    Grindingisdoneintwophases.ThefirstphaseinvolvesroughgrindingusingBlockstones8x2x2rough.Diamondgrindingpadscanalsobeused.Riversandisoccasionallyusedtohelpingrinding.Onceroughgrindingiscompleted,amixtureofcementandcolouringoxidematchingthefloorcolouringisspreadevenlyusingarubbersqueezer.Thisisgivenonetotwodaystocurebutcanbeextendedlonger.

    ThesecondphaseofgrindingthenfollowsusingBlockstone8x2x2smooth.ThisisthefinalgrindingthoughthereareseveralgradesofsmotheringBlockstoneswhichcanbeappliedtomakethefloorevensmoother.

    Theskirting,staircase,wallsortabletopscanbegriddedbyhandusingHandstones6x2x1.Itisdoneusingtheroughstonefirst,fillingitwithmixtureofcementandoxidematchingit'scolourandfinallysmotheringwithsmoothstone.

    AnothermethodofgrindingskirtingisusingapowergrinderfittedwithDiamondorStoneCupWheels.Thisworksfasterandcanproducesamuchmoresmoothersurface.

    CleaningandapplyingPolish

    Oncethegrindinghasbeendone,thenextstageiscleaningandpolishing.

    Theflooristhoroughlywashedwithdetergents,steelwoolsandplentyofwatertoremoveallthedustanddirtthatmayhaveremainedduringgrinding.

    Iftherearestainsofanykindonthefloor,thisareremovedwithHCLacid.

    Oncetheflooriscleanandcompletelydry,afloorpolishisapplied.

    Varioustypesoffloorpolishareavailableandshouldbeappliedasperthemanufacturersadvice.

    ThisNotesarepreparedby:

    JohnKibithe

    E&OE


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