Water Security:

Putting the Concept

into Practice

1

Key questions addressed in the BP

1. What is WS?• dimensions

• definition

2. How does WS relate to IWRM?

3. How to make WS operational?

Dimensions of WS

• Literature lists many dimensions, depending on

(narrow) disciplinary framing

• Main elements• Ensuring availability of adequate and reliable water resources

• Mitigating water-related risks (floods, droughts, etc.)

• Avoiding conflicts

• Dimensions• Economic

• Social

• Environmental

3

Definition of WS• Most common definition used (Grey and Sadoff – 2007)

“The availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health,

livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level

of water related risks to people”

• UN definition (UN-Water Analytical Brief - 2013)

“The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate

quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human

well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection

against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for

preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability”

• Decision of TEC was not to come with a new/own definition

4

IWRM and WS

• Water Security and IWRM are symbiotic

– IWRM focuses on process / governance

– Water Security specifies what we aim to achieve

Defining water security

DimensionsIndicatorsTargets

Quantifying water

securityPresent situation

MeasuresScoring

Water Security

Defining water security

DimensionsIndicatorsTargets

Quantifying water

securityPresent situation

MeasuresScoring

Water SecurityIWRM in the Planning Cycle

Quantifying WS

• Why?

• Full WS can never be achieved

• But we can increase WS

• How much? – quantification needed

• Two approaches

• Developmental approach

• Risk-based approach

6

• Applied at country level for ADB countries

• some pilot applications at river

basin scale

• For GWP also applied to selected countries in other regions

7

Example of

Development approach:

AWDO 2013

Building blocks for quantifying WS

• Inspired by approach AWDO 2013

• Users are given the freedom to adapt the

framework to their specific needs

• Elements:

• Vision / goals

• Key Dimensions (KDs)

• Indicators

• taking IWRM criteria (3 E’s) into account

8

Water Security Framework

• Key dimensions

• IWRM criteria-economic efficiency

-social equity

-environ. sustainability

Selected indicators for 5 Key

Dimensions

= filling in of table

xxx

Case

IssuesStake-

holders

DM’s

Step 1: Select relevant

indicators

Step 2: Determine

actions and assess

impacts

Step 3: Show indices

for presentation and

decision making

Quantification / scoring on indicators

- data

- analysis

- expert judgement Performance indicators Base

unit 2010 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021

General

Population (medium scenario) 1000 people 2.780 - - 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198

- urban 1000 people 1.760 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143

- rural 1000 people 1.020 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 urban ratio % 63,3% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0%

Storage capacity in reservoirs MCM

Water for people

% people access to safe drinking water % 50,0% 63,0% 72,7%

% people access to sanitation facilities %

Water for food

Irrigation area 1000 ha# animal water points #

Water for industry, mining and energy

Water supplied to mining %

Water supplied to industry %

Hydropower generated KWh

Water for environment

Protected watershed area km2Number of springs/sources protected #

Capacity WWTP inh-equiv.

Water treatment level UB 0-10

Enabling institutional and managerial setting

Institutional capacitycentral level 0-10

riverbasin level 0-10

Policy and legal situation 0-10Assessment capacity (observation network)

Monitoring situation surface water 0-10

Monitoring situation groundwater 0-10

Implementation costs

Investment level MNT/yr

Targets

Alternative strategies

Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3

Presentation (example)

Decisionmaking

Example: Brantas - Indonesia

Application of WS

To show the present

status (how good are

we?)

To show how better we

will perform if we

implement measures

To compare with other

countries Green: before-after plan

Red: Indonesia

AWDO comparison 2013Asian countries

Indonesia

New Zealand

Afghanistan

Or a scorecard

12

Main messages of this BP

1. What is WS?• Multiple dimensions to be considered together

• Working definition of WS is provided

2. How does WS relate to IWRM?• IWRM process can increase WS

3. How to make WS operational?• Choose developmental or risk-based approach

• Determine scale and purpose of analysis

• Choose appropriate key dimensions & indicators