Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Web Maps in Practice

Hidenori FUJIMURA 藤村英范 Director, Information Access Division, Geospatial Information Department, Geospatial

Information Authority of Japan 国土地理院地理空间情报部情报普及课长

Representative of Japan / UN-GGIM-AP / ISCGM 1

2014-11-26T14:40-15:10 ISO/TC211 Standards in Action Workshop, Shenzhen, China

Hello

• My name: Hidenori FUJIMURA 藤村英范 – HoD of JPN since Busan – Participating PT 19160, EC 19160-1, WG9,

EC 19107, WG7 (my background: IT) – Director, Information Access Division, GSI

• GSI: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (Japanese national geospatial information authority)

– 3rd visit to China 1.ISPRS 2008 Beijing 2.日本青年领导访华团

3.ISO/TC 211 Shenzhen

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Reporting from operation side

• Operating Internet service of an NGIA 1. Download service of GML data (“FGD”).

• FGD: Fundamental Geospatial Data 2. Web maps called “GSI Maps” 3. “Geospatial Information Clearinghouse”

• http://ckan.gsi.go.jp/ , obviously running CKAN

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<Points of my presentation> Several IS are adopted: 19136 and (old) 19115. Several technologies, where no existing IS/TS/TR covers in its scope, may need standardization.

I’ll talk about these services in this presentation. But before jump into the details, I would like to clarify…

GML DATA PROVISION 基盘地图情报

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Fundamental Geospatial Data (FGD)

GSI provides 1:25,000 and 1:2,500 data through the Internet without compensation. Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial Information (Act No. 63, 2007-05-30) reads: As a general rule, the State shall provide the Fundamental Geospatial Data and others that it posses through the Internet without compensation.

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Content of FGD • Vector • DEM (grid) • Geoid (grid)

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All are encoded using 19136 (GML 3.2) 👍

National publication: YES! Referenced in regulation: YES!

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard

XML Schema Description for FGD

Ver. Date Updates 1 2008-03-31 Initial release 1.1 2008-06-03 Minor update 1.2 2009-01-26 Minor update 2 2009-03-02 Added road

area class and other attributes

3 2010-10-29 Added several classes and attributes

4 2014-07-31 (*)

Added several classes and attributes

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(*) Also started sheet-wise quarterly update and charset change for instance data (Shift_JIS to UTF-8)

Updated 5 times in 7 years.

Updates increased downloads

After introducing quarterly update, number of downloads increased.

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10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000Number of datasets downloaded per day

Started quarterly update

First quarterly update

Occasional update Quarterly update

GSI MAPS 地理院地图

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GSI Maps @ http://cyberjapan.jp/ 10

2000 Digital Japan ・Concept ・System ・Data

2003〜 Digital Japan Web System (ActiveX)

2013 Separation of data and software for further applications

Web maps continuously in operation since 2003

We started with the concept of Digital Japan (电子国土) (Japan virtually realized on the Web) and renamed the service as GSI Maps (地理院地图) after the separation of data and software in 2013.

11 Functions

Various thematic layers. KML (point / line / polygon) support. Place name search.

Technical information for third party use.

Updates notified via Twitter.

Base layers of 4 maps and latest orthophotos.

Implementation detail: Based on OpenLayers 2 maybe Leaflet in future.

More than 300 Layers in GSI Maps 12

We provide more than

300 layers from GSI Maps.

And the number is increasing.

GSI Maps also used for disaster management 13

Strong earthquake in the midnight 2014-11-22

GSI Maps also used for disaster management 14

2014-11-24: GSI conducted photo flight in the morning. GSI Maps released some of the photos in the evening.

Added epicenters of aftershocks 15

Gradually adds more information when available.

Added InSAR image (09-29 / 11-24) from ALOS-2 16

This indicates that the Kamishiro fault has moved

Japanese earth observation satellite

Overlaid with existing Active Fault Map 17

InSAR result matches with existing Active Fault Map.

GSI Maps are tile-based

GSI Maps are tile-based since its start in 2003.

All the data are static resources.

Thanks to that, the service can easily

scale by deploying a CDN service. CDN: Contents Delivery Network

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Separation of Data and Software

GSI had provided API for 3rd party use of the maps for GSI Maps since 2003 until 2013.

But in 2013, GSI separated

data and software, and switched to the provision of

tile resources instead of API.

WHY?

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Separation of Data and Software

Everything must pass, but time constant for… •Data: around 1 year – 100 years •Software: around 1 month – 10 years It’d be unfortunate if they are tightly coupled.

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GSI decided to separate data and software, and concentrate on providing raw tile data which can be used from various software.

👍 GSI can provide data on a long-term basis. 👍 Everyone has good options for software.

so that

Separation of data and software – the case for GSI Maps

GSI gradually replaced rules originally developed in-house to rules which can be used from various software.

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Tile grids and tile names developed by GSI

Software developed by GSI

Tile grid which various software uses. Tile names developed by GSI

Adapter developed by GSI

OpenLayers+ OpenScales

① Digital Japan Web (2003)

② Digital Japan Web.NEXT (2012) Interface: Digital Japan Web System API

Interface: “GSI base maps” Interface：Digital Japan Web System Ver. 4

Tile grid which various software uses (quadtree). Tile names which various software uses (XYZ).

OpenLayers+ OpenScales

③ GSI Maps (2013)

Interface： GSI tiles Options to switch to other software when necessary.

Tile names which various software uses

Slippy map tilenames (XYZ) •http://server/{t}/{z}/{x}/{y}.{ext} •Preferred because it’s slightly more adopted than TMS and simpler than WMTS.

– {tms: false} by default in Leaflet. – Many web developers don’t like GetCapabilities. What

they needed was template URL (as above). •All OSM-tile-based apps can add GSI tiles and vice versa (= maximizing developer’s choice.)

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http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Slippy_map_tilenames

23 GSI Tiles

Standard map （z=2〜18） http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/xyz/std/{z}/{x}/{y}.png Blank map （z＝5〜14） http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/xyz/blank/{z}/{x}/{y}.png Relief (colored hillshade) map （z=5〜15） http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/xyz/relief/{z}/{x}/{y}.png Orthophotos （z=15〜17） http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/xyz/ort/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg

The map data available for 3rd party use.

GSI tiles can be used from both open source APIs (OpenLayers, Leaflet, Cesium, etc.), commercial APIs (Google Maps JavaScript API, Yahoo! Map API, etc.) and mobile APIs, thanks to adoption of slippy map tilenames.

Various application of GSI Tiles 24

←Web-based 3D Globe ↓Smartphone (3rd party)

↑Google Earth

↓ArcGIS

Various application fields

Various tools ready for GSI Tiles

Application development using GSI Tiles is promoted under participatory community named “GSI Maps Partner Network”

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GSI

Partners

End User

GSI Maps

GSI Tiles

Improvement • 3D • Multi-touch

Various types of usage

Various applications

More value • Vector tiles

GSI Maps Partner Network Communication among

stakeholders

Various tools ready for GSI Tiles

Just to show the list of the registered tools… 30 and more coming.

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Autodesk Infraworks

DocuMapWeb DRM viewer、DRMWeb viewer etc.

FieldAccess gittok

Land Station-Pocket for

Windows tablet

Mercury-Evoluto 2015

Mole II Sweden Pro

Ver. 4

Orkney Upward

SpaceWalk

SuperMap GIS 7C series

TOWISE CAD カシミール3D 仮想土木列島 GONDWANA

山林管理 山守くん

動産管理システム 大福帳

スタでんマップ 地図太郎PLUSシリーズ

地図ロイド for Android, 地図ロイドMini for Windows

GSI Maps Tools

（ArcGIS for Desktop）

LP gas 物流拠点配置

図（仮） SCM式

地図共有Webシステム

Ecoris Map Tiles

地震ハザード ステーション（J-

SHIS）、eコミマップ

山車どこ システム

地質図Navi

デジタル教材 （地形図との連携）

登山地図＆計画マネージャ ヤマタイム

20万分の1 日本シームレス

地質図

避難行動 要支援者名簿運用システム

ヤマレコ

Development of a new GSI Maps 27

Tile grid which various software uses (quadtree). Tile names which various software uses (XYZ).

OpenLayers+ OpenScales

Interface： GSI tiles Options to switch to other software when necessary. User needs

1) users want to use in multi-touch devices 2) users want to overlay bigger data 3) users want fast, light, and stable service

GSI decided to switch to Leaflet!

Responsively fit to the display.

GeoJSON support in addition to KML support • Added GeoJSON support, in order to cope with

bigger data overlay. – Leaflet and other software support GeoJSON quite well. – Google, which submitted KML to OGC, also support GeoJSON.

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source：OGC KML 2.2.0 (07-147r2)

Mobile can now overlay bigger polygon data inside HTML app.

source：http://googlegeodevelopers.blogspot.jp/2014/03 /maps-made-easier-geojson-in-the-javascript-maps-api.html

Tile-based web mapping out of existing scopes

There is no TC 211 standardization activities for tile-based web mapping

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Point 1

Quantitative data are also in GSI Tiles 30

Elevation Tiles: Pixel-perfect DEM for Web Maps

An elevation tile is almost the same as a map tile, but it records elevation of each pixels in CSV format. http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/xyz/dem/{z}/{x}/{y}.txt (z=14)

A map tile An elevation tile

256px

256px

Initial use of elevation tiles

Elevation tiles are initially used for “right-click-to-get-elevation” function.

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But more exciting application is found!

Elevation: 2.9m (5m GSD (laser))

Elevation is essential information to cope with tsunami and other water diasters.

GSI Maps 3D 32

GSI brought together image tiles and elevation tiles in 3D

3D visualization on Web browser with

Web3D +

3D-printable data (STL, VRML)

download Implementation detail: Based on three.js. Maybe Cesium in future.

GSI Maps 3D

Collection of Japanese landscapes in 3D @ http://cyberjapandata.gsi.go.jp/3d/

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Eatable GSI Maps 3D

• One of our users developed a QGIS plug-in for reversing STL data for DEM. – Search chiriin3d_reverse on GitHub!

• so that everyone can 3D-print a mold. • Therefore Japanese DEM is now eatable!

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Eatable Mt. Fuji

Next step: Cesium and terrain data • We are researching on adopting Cesium

(Apache 2.0 licensed) for next versions.

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• They are proposing binary tile format for elevation data. We are wondering what should be done.

Quantitative tiles out of existing scopes

There is no TC 211 standardization activities for quantitative tiles

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Point 2

Experimental Vector Tile Provision • We know tiling is useful for imagery and DEM. • What happens if NGIA provides vector tiles, like other

players in different sector do? • So we experimentally released vector tiles for the

following area since August 2014. • Format: GeoJSON tile

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Road centerline 38

http://gsi-cyberjapan.github.io/vector-tile-experiment/

Road centerline 39

http://gsi-cyberjapan.github.io/vector-tile-experiment/

Because it’s vector, all the attributes

comes to the browser.

DEM points 40

http://gsi-cyberjapan.github.io/experimental_dem/

DEM of 5m/10m resolution comes to

the browser. Problem: A little bit

too heavy…

All of the FGD data 41

http://gsi-cyberjapan.github.io/experimental_fgd/

Browser-side rendering

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z=19

You can zoom-in (overzooming)

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z=20

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z=21

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z=22 Z=22 might be great for indoor

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z=22

Attributes of every building to

the browser

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Looks nice when overlaid with orthophoto.

Vector tiles for tactile maps

Vector tiles provides more freedom for rendering, so and we just tried.

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Road centerline + building 49

3D printer can output different height. This can be an advantage over traditional capsule paper, in addition to the advantage in cost.

Elevation + mountain trail 50

Mt. Ontakesan No exaggeration of height

Mountain lodge Pond

Volcanic vent

Mountain trail

Urban area (road and train centerline) 51

Station

Backside paper map might be helpful when

a supporter try to explain what the user

touches.

When we output it very thin, the output is half transparent. We putted a map on the backside of the output.

Vector tiles out of existing scopes

There is no TC 211 standardization activities for vector tiles

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Point 3

GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE

地理空间情报 clearinghouse

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http://ckan.gsi.go.jp/ 54

It’s just a clearing house, but recently we gave up Geonetwork Opensource and distributed search, and switch to CKAN. Metadata for around 127,000 datasets are available.

It’s quite a lot.

jmp2ckan 55

• A tool to load JMP 2.0 metadata to CKAN – JMP 2.0 = Japan Profile of (old) 19115.

• Available on Github.

ckanext-basemaps • An extension to enable GSI Tiles on CKAN. • Available on Github.

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Wrap-up

• Two examples of “Standards in Action” – GML (19136) for Japanese FGD data – (Japan Metadata Profile 2.0 for) 19115

• Some technologies used in GSI Maps, are out of scopes of existing ISO 19100 standards. – Tile-based web mapping – Quantitative tiles – Vector tiles

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Conclusion

• Service development is led by user needs, rather than existing standards.

• But existing standards (19136 and 19115 in this case) can be useful when the scope matches the needs.

• In the field of web maps, existing ISO 19100 scopes does not always matches all the needs yet, e.g. tile-based web mapping, quantitative tiles and vector tiles.

• I’m not very sure about next actions…

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But let’s enjoy new technologies!

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Thank you. And welcome OGC members to Akihabara, Tokyo next week.