Welcome!Welcome!* Get out your Homework – * Get out your Homework –

Ch. 3.3 Notes to be Ch. 3.3 Notes to be checked.checked.

* Get ready to Take * Get ready to Take NOTES!!NOTES!!

No Food, Drink, Gum or Water!!No Food, Drink, Gum or Water!!Do not doodle on the tables!!Do not doodle on the tables!!

Steps to Civil WarSteps to Civil War Events leading to warEvents leading to warEconomic Differences Economic Differences

in North & Southin North & SouthMissouri CompromiseMissouri CompromiseCompromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska ActDred ScottDred Scott

Lincoln Douglas Lincoln Douglas debatesdebates

Lincoln elected Lincoln elected presidentpresident

From the From the beginning the beginning the North and South North and South evolved into evolved into different types different types of societies of societies and economies. and economies. The hope was The hope was that they would that they would be able to work be able to work together and together and stay united. stay united.

The south The south with its rich with its rich fertile soil, fertile soil, long growing long growing seasons, and seasons, and large, slow large, slow moving rivers moving rivers became mostly became mostly agrarian.agrarian.

The north with The north with its thin, rocky its thin, rocky soil, short soil, short growing growing seasons, and seasons, and fast running fast running smaller rivers smaller rivers evolved into a evolved into a manufacturing manufacturing region..region..

which also which also turned to turned to the sea the sea with ship with ship building, building, whaling, whaling, and trade.and trade.

For this For this industrial industrial economy they economy they relied on a relied on a large labor large labor pool fed by pool fed by immigration immigration from Europe.from Europe.

In 1819 the Missouri In 1819 the Missouri Territory was being Territory was being considered for admission considered for admission into the United States. into the United States. The problem arose when The problem arose when it was suggested in it was suggested in Congress that slavery be Congress that slavery be restricted in Missouri as a restricted in Missouri as a condition of admission.condition of admission.

At the time, there were an At the time, there were an equal number of slave equal number of slave states and free states in the states and free states in the Union. The admission of Union. The admission of Missouri, whether slave or Missouri, whether slave or free, would upset the free, would upset the balance of power that balance of power that existed between these rival existed between these rival factions in the Senate. factions in the Senate.

Provisions of The Missouri Provisions of The Missouri Compromise 1820Compromise 1820

Missouri was to be Missouri was to be a slave statea slave state

Maine was to be a Maine was to be a free statefree state

There was to be no There was to be no slavery in the slavery in the Louisiana territory Louisiana territory north of latitude north of latitude 36 degrees 30 36 degrees 30 minutes except in minutes except in Missouri.Missouri.

Henry Clay the Great Henry Clay the Great CompromiserCompromiser

The issues which thrust him into the political limelight were the Missouri Compromise, the banking issues, opposition to Andrew Jackson, and promotion of his American System.

Most important of these was the negotiation of the Missouri Compromise which was fundamental in maintaining American unity, providing a workable sectional policy regarding slavery expansion, and a western policy.

John CalhounJohn Calhoun A senator from A senator from South Carolina South Carolina who calls slavery who calls slavery a positive good, a positive good, is powerful, has is powerful, has a strong southern a strong southern following and following and will be a major will be a major leader in the leader in the fights for fights for nullification and nullification and secession.secession.

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster

A Senator who is A Senator who is considered one of considered one of the greatest the greatest orators of his orators of his time.time.

He made his last He made his last speech to save the speech to save the Union. Union.

He agreed to He agreed to compromise....and compromise....and agreed to the agreed to the fugitive slave law fugitive slave law as part of the as part of the compromise of 1850.compromise of 1850.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state.California is admitted as a free state.

New Mexico and Utah will become territories.New Mexico and Utah will become territories.

A fugitive slave law will be enforced and runaway A fugitive slave law will be enforced and runaway slaves who make it to free states must be returned to slaves who make it to free states must be returned to their owners.their owners.

Slaves may no longer be bought and sold in Washington Slaves may no longer be bought and sold in Washington D.C. but slavery will still be legal.D.C. but slavery will still be legal.

Kansas Nebraska ActKansas Nebraska Act

On January 4, On January 4, 1854, Stephen A. 1854, Stephen A. Douglas, wanting Douglas, wanting to ensure a to ensure a northern northern transcontinental transcontinental railroad route railroad route that would that would benefit his benefit his Illinois Illinois constituents, constituents,

introduced a introduced a bill to bill to organize the organize the territory of territory of Nebraska in Nebraska in order to bring order to bring the area under the area under civil control.civil control.

But southern But southern senators senators objected; the objected; the region lay region lay north of north of latitude 36°30 latitude 36°30 and so under and so under the terms of the terms of the Missouri the Missouri Compromise of Compromise of 1820 would 1820 would become a free become a free state. state.

To gain the To gain the southerners' southerners' support, Douglas support, Douglas proposed proposed creating two creating two territories in territories in the area—Kansas the area—Kansas and Nebraska—and and Nebraska—and repealing the repealing the Missouri Missouri Compromise line.Compromise line.

The Know Nothing’s The Know Nothing’s Ideal AmericanIdeal American The question of The question of

whether the whether the territories would territories would be slave or free be slave or free would be left to would be left to the settlers the settlers under Douglas's under Douglas's principle of principle of popular popular sovereignty. sovereignty.

Anti slavery Anti slavery meeting meeting

announcementannouncement

Murder and Mayhem in Bleeding Murder and Mayhem in Bleeding KansasKansas

Peace Peace Convention-Fort Convention-Fort Scott, KSScott, KS

"...A stain "...A stain that shall that shall never bleach never bleach out in the sun! out in the sun! ..."..."

John John Greenleaf Greenleaf WhittierWhittierThe Marais Des The Marais Des Cygnes MassacreCygnes Massacrepublished published September 1858 September 1858

The years of 1854-1861 The years of 1854-1861 were a turbulent time in were a turbulent time in Kansas territory. Kansas territory.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 established the territorial established the territorial boundaries of Kansas and Nebraska boundaries of Kansas and Nebraska and opened the land to legal and opened the land to legal settlement. settlement.

In Kansas, In Kansas, people on all people on all sides of this sides of this controversial controversial issue flooded issue flooded the the territory, territory, trying to trying to influence the influence the vote in their vote in their favor.favor.

Rival Rival territorial territorial governments, governments, election election fraud, and fraud, and squabbles squabbles over land over land claims all claims all contributed contributed to the to the violence of violence of this era. this era.

John Brown in KansasJohn Brown in Kansas

John Brown was a failed farmer and tanner from New England and a rabid Abolitionist.

Brown would end up involved in a bloody conflict in Kansas Territory between those who hated slavery and those who favored it.

The Sumner-Brooks AffairThe Sumner-Brooks Affair

Abolitionist senator Sumner stood up in Congress and spoke for two days.

He called the Missourians murderous robbers and hirelings picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization.

Then he insulted South Carolina’s Senator Andrew P. Butler and talked about South Carolina’s shameful imbecility.

Two days later Preston Brooks who was a cousin of Andrew Butler walked into the Senate and up to Sumner. He began beating him on the head with a gold-topped cane.

Sumner’s legs were trapped under the bolted down desk and he couldn’t move. He was almost killed.

He was absent 4 years because of his injuries. The Richmond Virginia Enquirer praised Brooks’ action and he received new canes from all over the south.

The Dred Scott DecisionThe Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was a slave. His master took him from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois. Scott lived as a slave for four years in a free state.

Then his master took him back to Missouri. Abolitionists thought it was a good case to test slavery.

Abolitionists paid for a lawyer so Scott could sue his master for freedom.

The case went to the Supreme Court. On March 6, 1857 the court decided Scott had no right to freedom because he was property, not a person, and could be moved anywhere.

It also said it was unconstitutional for Congress to limit slavery anywhere.

Stephen Douglas: The Little Stephen Douglas: The Little GiantGiant

He was 5’ tall, born in Vermont, then moved to Illinois, he was a rich political leader, lawyer, businessman, who made a fortune in land speculation and railroads.

If the transcontinental RR went from Chicago to San Francisco his Chicago property would be more valuable but Indian territory west of Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota stood in the way.

““Honest Abe” the rail-splitterHonest Abe” the rail-splitter

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

an attorney from an attorney from Springfield,Springfield,

Illinois, ran Illinois, ran against against

Douglas for theDouglas for the

Senate seat in Senate seat in that that

statestate

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln-Douglas Debates 18581858

They held a series of 7 debates where the candidates threw insults in the heat and cold and rain of frontier Illinois.

The issue between them was slavery.

Douglas portrayed Lincoln as a fanatical abolitionist, a black Republican who wanted to put slaves on equal footing with whites.

Scene from Scene from a Lincoln-a Lincoln-Douglas Douglas Debate in Debate in the the Illinois Illinois Senate Senate campaign campaign of 1858 of 1858

Freeport DoctrineFreeport Doctrine Lincoln asks Lincoln asks

Douglas if Douglas if people can people can keep slavery keep slavery out of their out of their territory if territory if they don’t they don’t want it.want it.

Douglas Douglas says they can says they can by not by not enacting enacting slave codes.slave codes.

Douglas Douglas wins election wins election to the to the Senate, but Senate, but alienates the alienates the entire southentire south

John Brown’s raid on Harpers John Brown’s raid on Harpers FerryFerry

John Brown and John Brown and some of his sons some of his sons lead a raid on lead a raid on the government the government arsenal at arsenal at Harpers’ FerryHarpers’ Ferry

They believe They believe that an “army of that an “army of slaves” will rise slaves” will rise up and join them up and join them in a revolutionin a revolution

John Brown's Last Prophecy John Brown's Last Prophecy

Charlestown, Va, 2nd, Charlestown, Va, 2nd, December, 1859December, 1859

I John Brown am now I John Brown am now quite certain that the quite certain that the crimes of this guilty, crimes of this guilty, land: will never be land: will never be purged away; but with purged away; but with Blood. I had as I now Blood. I had as I now think: vainly flattered think: vainly flattered myself that withought myself that withought very much bloodshed; it very much bloodshed; it might be done. might be done.

(John Brown's last (John Brown's last letter, written on day letter, written on day he hanged. From "John he hanged. From "John Brown: a Biography," Brown: a Biography,"

After his capture, a After his capture, a jury finds Brown jury finds Brown guilty of murder, guilty of murder, treason, and inciting treason, and inciting a slave insurrection a slave insurrection after a week of trial after a week of trial and forty-five and forty-five minutes of minutes of deliberation. He was deliberation. He was sentenced to hang.sentenced to hang.

The election of 1860The election of 1860

The CandidatesThe Candidates

1.   Abraham Lincoln (Republican)1.   Abraham Lincoln (Republican)

2.    Stephen Douglas (Democrat – North)2.    Stephen Douglas (Democrat – North)

3.    John Breckenridge (Democrat – South)3.    John Breckenridge (Democrat – South)

4.    John Bell (Constitutional Union4.    John Bell (Constitutional Union

Stephen A. Stephen A. DouglasDouglas

John BreckinridgeJohn Breckinridge Breckinridge would Breckinridge would later serve as a later serve as a Confederate general Confederate general and Secretary of and Secretary of War in the cabinet War in the cabinet of Jefferson Davisof Jefferson Davis

John BellJohn Bell

The competition The competition for votes was for votes was further fragmented further fragmented by the newly-by the newly-organized organized Constitutional Constitutional Union Party that Union Party that supported supported compromise to compromise to maintain the Union maintain the Union without advancing a without advancing a specific agenda.specific agenda.

Political Cartoons of 1860Political Cartoons of 1860

Election resultsElection results