welcome to the course legal english

Welcome to the CourseWelcome to the CourseLegal EnglishLegal English

湖南大学法学院湖南大学法学院 /Law School of Hunan /Law School of Hunan UniversityUniversity

任课教师：石玉英任课教师：石玉英 /Stella Shi Yuying/Stella Shi Yuying E-mailE-mail ：： [email protected]@sohu.com

Lesson 1: : •What is a Legal What is a Legal System?System?

Lesson 6: :

•On Legal BehaviorOn Legal BehaviorLesson 8: :

•The American BarThe American BarLesson 9: :

•Origins of the Common LawOrigins of the Common Law

Lesson 1Lesson 1

What is a Legal What is a Legal System?System?

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[email protected]@sohu.com

■ 1. modify （细节方面的）修改◆ n. modification

Modification of contract▲ 合同的变更

Modification of custody▲ 监护判决的变更

Modification/reversal of judgement▲ 判决的修正 / 撤销

Modification of lease▲ 租赁条件的变更

Modification of statute▲ 制定法的修改

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■ 2. amend 修订 / 修正◆ a. amendable 法律允许修正的

Amendable process▲ 可补救 / 纠正的程序

◆ a. amendatory 修正的 Amendatory statute

▲ 修正法◆ a. amended 修改过的

Amended pleading▲ 修改过的诉状

Amended return▲ 修正税单、修正的纳税申报表

◆ n. amendment 正式修正案、修正程序 Amendment of constitution

▲ 宪法的修正 Amendment of statute

▲ 制定法的修订◆ n. amends 补偿、（由加害方对损失进行的）赔偿

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■ 3. conform◆ Conform to

遵守、依照、符合◆ Conform to proof

与证据一致◆ Conformed copy

（内容）一致的副本

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■ 4. paper 文件、书证；诉讼文书；票据、证劵◆ paper bloacade

纸上封锁（只发表封锁宣告，而未采取具有实际意义的封锁行动。亦称虚拟封锁： fictitious blockade)

◆ paper credit 票据信贷、证劵信贷

◆ paper days 法庭辩论日

◆ paper loss/profit 账面损失 / 利润

◆ paper money 纸币

◆ papers of ship 船舶证件

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■ 5. n. tort 侵权行为侵权行为法

▲ Torts/law of torts/tort law 侵权行为人

▲ Tort-feasor

◆ a. tortious 侵权的 Tortious battery

▲ 非法侵犯◆ v. n. torture 拷打、施酷刑、虐待

Return

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Lesson 6Lesson 6

On Legal BehaviorOn Legal Behavior

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■ 1. 作为◆ Feasance/action

■ 不作为◆ Nonfeasance/omission

◆ 不作为因果关系 causation of omission

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■ 2. decision 判决、裁判、决定、裁定◆ opinion

作出判决的理由■ decree ( 衡平法院的）判决、裁判、决定、裁定■ Judgement 判决■ Finding 裁决

◆ Finding of fact 对争议事实的裁决

◆ Finding of law 对适用法律的裁决

■ Order 裁定■ Sentence （刑事）判决

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■ Verdict 陪审团的裁断◆ General verdict

概括裁断◆ Special verdict

特别裁断◆ Unanimous verdict

一致裁断◆ Majority verdict

多数裁断◆ Verdict of guilty

有罪裁断◆ Verdict of not proven

罪证不足的裁断◆ Verdict of not guilty

无罪裁断

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■ 3. 举动犯 ◆ act crime

■ 作为犯 ◆ crime with action ◆ action crime

■ 结果犯 ◆ consequential offense

■ 加重犯 ◆ aggravated offence ◆ aggravated crime◆ 结果加重犯

aggragated consequential offense◆ 情节加重犯

crime with aggravated circumstances■ 危险犯

◆ potential damage offense◆ 具体危险犯

concrete potential damage offense◆ 抽象危险犯

abstract potential damage offense◆ 过失危险犯

involuntary potential damage offense

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■ 4. sue ◆ Vt. 控告◆ Vi. Sue upon 提起诉讼

■ n. suit 诉讼（衡平）◆ Put in suit

起诉◆ Suit money

诉讼费用■ n. suitor 原告、起诉人

◆ Suitor’s deposit account 原告存款账户

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■ 原告、起诉人◆ suitor◆ orator◆ Plaintiff◆ Complainant◆ Accuser◆ Demandant◆ Indicter

■ 被告◆ Defendant◆ The accused◆ respondent

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■ 5. custody ◆ 监护、监管、保管

Custody of children◆ 羁押、拘留、监禁

in custody■ 6. prosecution 刑事诉讼、公诉方

◆ 检察官 Prosecutor

◆ 检察院 Procuratorate

■ 7. conviction n. 定罪、有罪判决◆ Convict

v. 定罪、宣判… . 有罪 n. 已决犯、既决犯

◆ Convicted adj. 已被定罪的、被宣判有罪的 Return

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Lesson 8Lesson 8

The American BarThe American Bar

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■ 1. practise v. 开业、经营◆ 开业律师

Practicing lawyer practitioner

◆ 法律实务、法律实践 Practicing law Practice of law

■ Practice n. 练习、诉讼程序◆ 模拟法庭

Practice / moot / bail / simulated court◆ practice acts

诉讼程序法◆ practice directions

诉讼指南

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■ 2. bar◆ （法庭）围栏 ◆ 法庭

Trial at bar ▲ 正在进行的审判

Case at bar ▲ 审理中的案件

◆ 律师、律师业（法官界 bench) 律师协会

▲ Bar Association 准许执业

▲ Bar Admission

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■ 3. misdemeanor 轻罪◆ 轻罪犯人

misdemeanant

■ felony 重罪◆ 重罪犯人

felon◆ Felonious adj. 恶意的

Felonious homicide ▲ 恶意杀人

Felonious offence ▲ 重罪

Felonious intent ▲ 重罪犯意

Felonious assault ▲ 恶意企图伤害罪

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■ 4. forfeiture 没收（财产）、丧失 / 剥夺（权利）◆ Forfeiture of charter

吊销执照◆ Forfeiture of property and rights

财产及权利的丧失

■ forfeit v. n. 丧失、失去

■ forfeitable adj. 可没收的

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■ 5. roll 正式的名单、记录◆ call the roll

点名◆ Roll of honour

阵亡将士名册◆ Strike off the rolls

从开业律师名册上除名

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■ 6. courtroom 法庭、审判室◆ 初审法院

Trial court / court of first instance

◆ 上诉法院 Court of appeal

◆ 终审法院 Court of last resort

Return

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Lesson 9Lesson 9

Origins of the Origins of the

Common LawCommon Law

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■ 1. common law 普通法（特点如下）◆ 遵循先例

stare decisis

◆ 陪审团审理 Trial by jury

◆ 法律的至高无上性 Supremacy of law

◆ 对抗制 Adversarial system ( 与纠问制 inquisitorial system 对应）

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■ 2. equity 衡平法◆ Adjudicating in personam 对人裁决

特定履行 ▲ specific performance

禁制令 injunction▲ 命令性禁制令

● mandatory/compulsive injunction▲ 禁止性禁制令

● restrictive/preventive injunction▲ 临时性禁制令

● interlocutory/interim injunction▲ 永久性禁制令

● permanent/perpetual injunction

◆ Adjudicating in rem （普通法）对物裁决损害赔偿 damages

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■ 3. title 产权、所有权（普通法上的所有权包括以下 3 个要素）◆ 占有

possession◆ 占有权

Right of possession◆ 单纯所有权

Right of property

■ 4. freehold 完全保有地产◆ Leasehold

租地持有

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■ 4. jurisdiction 管辖权◆ Jurisdictional amount

管辖金额◆ Jurisdictional defect

管辖权瑕疵◆ Jurisdictional facts

确定管辖权的事实◆ Jurisdictional limits

管辖权限制◆ Jurisdictional in personam

对人管辖权◆ Jurisdictional in rem

对物管辖权

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■ 5. comission◆ 委员会

Interstate Commerce Comission 洲际商业委员会◆ 委任状

Comission day 巡回审判开审日◆ 授权、委托

Comission agent / C.A. 代理商◆ 佣金、手续费◆ 犯（罪）

Commit suicide 自杀■ commissioner

◆ 行政或司法长官、专员、特派员

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■ 6. franchise 公民权、特许经营权、特许使用权◆ Franchise agreement

特许协议◆ Franchised dealer (franchisee)

特许经营人、特许商人◆ franchisor

特许权人、特许权授予人

Return

welcome to the course legal english

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