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What is he doing?Where is he ?

Lead-in:“See the trees but no forest”!

Skills of doing Global comprehension

He Lingzhi from Mingde senior middle school

I. 题型特点 : 这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。

II. 题干表现形式： 1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式 :• The main idea of the passage is…• The passage is mainly about…• The passage is mainly discusses…• Which of the following statements best expresses the main

idea of the passage?• What is the passage mainly about?2). 目的类主旨大意题• The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …• The passage is meant to ….• The purpose of this article is to …3). 标题类主旨大意题• The best title for the passage might be…• The best title for the passage would be

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III. 错误选项的特点 :● 以偏概全 . 只是局部信息 , 或是一句没有展开论述的话 .● 过于笼统 . 即归纳的主题太泛 , 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述 .● 把观点强加与作者 . 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解 .● 无关信息 , 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息

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从前面所述可知，查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本 , 最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。 eg1 ： Choose the most general word.　　 A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist

eg2 ： Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7

to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at

home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.

C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing

board. D. There are a number of extra services at the

Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.

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eg3 ： Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. 　　 There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principles B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 该问题中 , A 泛指经济规律 , 面过宽； C 和 D 只是供需规则的两个单独方面 , 不能包含全部 , 面太窄。正确答案是 B, 因为这正是短文自始至终讨论的主题。

IV. 应试技巧 了解主题句的特点 ：

• 主题句所表达的意思具有概括性、抽象性；• 句子结构简单明了 , 作者一般不会采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为文章的主题句 ；• 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释 ,说明 , 论证或扩展。

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Skills of Skimming:1. 顺行快速向前移动眼睛，千万不要停顿或复视；2. 把注意力集中在关键词上，即名词、动词、 形容词、数词、副词等；3.将关键词扩大为能表达概念的词组，即语意群， 按语意群进行阅读；4.遇到生词尽量猜，猜不出的生词，可跳过去；5. 对关键词进行数量上的加工，筛选出最能表达 作者意图的关键词及概念；6.初次练习时，可将关键词划出来，待读完一遍之后， 回过头来将所划的关键词从头再看一遍。练习一段时 后，在阅读中尽量用脑子记下来。

如何寻找主题句 ?

People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.

（ 1）主题句在段首。（ ） 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头（ 60-90%），其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

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(07湖南 D)One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will changes the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play. 72. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to_____.

A. blame children for getting lost in computer games B. encourage children to protect parks fromencroachment C. show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature D. inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around

(07安徽 A )Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors, I feel there are a number of reasons for this…. … The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shopsand bad eating habits.58. The main purpose of the text is to ________. A.tell a story B. provide facts C. give advice D. compare opinions

（ 2）首尾呼应为突出主题 , 作者先提出主题 , 结尾时再次点出主题 , 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常 , 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复 , 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

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( 首 )Most young architects ----particularly those in big cities ----can only dream about working in a building of their own. And making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want, which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner, Brain Bell. （尾） Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from the decoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work. It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less. (08Hunan)

64. The main idea of the passage is that ______. A. people can learn a lot from their failuresB. it is worthwhile to spend money on an old buildingC. people should not judge things by their appearanc

eD. creative people can make the best of what they ha

ve

（ 3）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据 , 层层推理论证 , 最后自然得出结论 , 即段落的主题。（常有 As a result ， thus ， therefore ， thereby ， consequently, however, but ， in fact 等词） （ 08湖南 D） Celebrity(名人 ) has become one of the most important representative of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费 ) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.

72. The passage is mainly about_________. A. celebrity and personal style B. celebrity and markets potential C. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industry

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（08江西） Intellectural property(IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. Many years ago, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP,including songs,films,books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically a

ffecting the way in which we view IP rights. 71. A possible title for this passage could be______. A. A History of IP Rights. B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights. C. The Present and the Future of IP D. IP Rights and Our Attitudes

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

（ 4 ）短文中间 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 , 而后又作进一步的解释 , 支撑或发展 .

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(06湖南 D )The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的 ) "human being" who lived in Flores, Indonesia, up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family. This "Flores Human" was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩 ), yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives. They seem to have made tools, worked together to find food and cook it, and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony.69. This passage mainly talks about______. A. the tools made by "Flores Human" B. the language used by "Flores Human" C. the evolution of "Flores Human" D. the major surprising findings about "Flores Human"

（ 5 ）无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中 , 没有明确的主题句 . 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic . All day long , the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the back of the bus .In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her route on schedule.

这一段的隐含主题句可概括为： Driving a bus is hard work

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(08湖北 )One August afternoon, Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger, Mrs.Carey. Lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp(黄蜂 ) nest under the roof.Allen ran for his mini-bus.Too late; they were upon him…At last he reached the station. Two firemen ran out. Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. You made it, he thought.72. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Allen, A Helpless Driver B. Wasps, Bloody KillersC. A Race Against Death D. War Against Wasps

应试技巧 : 1. 依据标志词（ Thus, However,yet,in fact 等）高频词 寻找概括性抽象性的主题句； 2. 正确选项的特点

● 含有抽象名词和概括性词语： 四个选项中 ,含有 approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项； ● 四个选项中 , 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往 有一个是正确选项； ● 那些概括全文 , 内容全面 , 含义深刻 , 说明道理的选项 一般是答案项 , 而选项内容片面 , 单一的内容一般是错 误选项。

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