If depression is the common cold of psychological disorders, chronic ___ is the cancer.

Nearly 1 in 100 people will develop ___, joining the estimated 24 million across the world who suffer one of humanity’s most dreaded disor-der (WHO).

Which psychological disor-der?

August Natterer (German artists)’s Witch’s Head

Louis Wain

•Conventional, naturalis-tic •Vibrant, erratic

SchizophreniaAPA: n. a psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking(cognition), emo-tional responsiveness, and behavior.

DSIM-IV-TR: a disorder that lasts for at least 6 months and includes at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms (two [or more] of the follow-ing: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic be-havior, negative symptoms)

A. Characteristic Symptoms: two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):

(1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (5) negative symptoms

Diagnostic CriteriaPo

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p-

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Positive Symptoms1. Delusions

Erroneous beliefs that involve a misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences

Themes: persecutory, referential…

2. Hallucinations Distortions in perception (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory,

tactile) Not consider normal / religious experiences in certain cultural

contexts

3. Disorganized Thinking ★★★★★ Distortions in thought and language processes Derailment/tangentiality/incoherence

4. Grossly disorganized behavior Distortions in self-monitoring of behavior

5. Catatonic motor behaviors A decrease in reactivity to the environment

Negative Symptoms

1. Affective flattening Restrictions in the range / intensity of emotional ex-

pression Facial expression, eye contact, body language

2. Alogia Restrictions in the fluency / productivity of thought and

speech Brief replies, unwillingness to speak

3. Avolition Restrictions in the initiation of goal-directed behavior Little interest in participating in work /social activi-

ties

B. Social/occupational dysfunction:

one or more major ar-eas of functioning (work, interpersonal relations, or self-care) are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset

Education, work, mar-riage, social contacts

C. Duration:

Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. Must include at least 1 month of symptoms.

D. Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion:b/c either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or (2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, their total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the active-phase symptoms.

E. Substance/general medical condition exclu-sion:

the disturbance is NOT b/c direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition.

F. Relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder:

if there is a history of Autistic Disorder or another Perva-sive Developmental Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is only if prominent delusions or hallucina-tions are also present for at least 1 month (or less if suc-cessfully treated).

1. Paranoid A preoccupation w/ delusions or hallucinations Unless the Catatonic or Disorganized Type is present

2. Disorganized Disorganized speech, disorganized behavior (NO Cata-

tonic Type present)

3. Catatonic Motoric immobility, excessive motor activity/nega-

tivism, peculiarities of voluntary movement

4. Undifferentiated Criterion A + No Paranoid/Disorganized/Cataonic Type

5. Residual Continuing evidence of the disturbance, but the crite-

ria for the active-phase symptoms are no longer met.

Subtypes Dr. Cup

Brain Abnormalities1. Dopamine overactivity2. Abnormal brain activity: frontal lobe, thalamus,

amygdala3. Materal virus during midpregancy Genetic Factors1. Identical twins / adoption studies2. Specific genes: dopamine, neurotransmitters, myelin3. Nutritional /oxygen deprivation at brith Psychological Factors1. Social support, family problem-solving

“refrigerator mothers”

The Etiology – WHY?

General: adults 0.5%~1.5%, urban-born

Age: late teens~the mid 30s

CultureCultural differences (hallucinations, disorganized

speech)Overdiagnose certain ethnic groups

GenderMale: higher incidenceMedian age of 1st episode: mid 20s(M), late 20s (F)

Age, Culture, Gender

Cognitive-behavioral therapy Needs-based supportive therapy Supportive society, family, school Healthy life (exercise)

Possible Preventions?

Conservatorship Formal diagnosis at UCLA Medical Center Was hospitalized for psychiatric evaluation after set-

ting fire in Californian neighborhood

A CASE STUDY of a Celebrity

1. A false belief that a person believes that he is being watched or tor-mented by others is known as a:

① Delusion of reference② Persecutory delusion③ Religious delusion④ Somatic delusion⑤ Grandiose delusion

MCQ

2. The most common type of hallucina-tion is:

① Olfactory② Visual③ Auditory④ Tactile⑤ Somatic

MCQ

3. Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

① Delusions② Hallucinations③ Disorganized speech④ Alogia⑤ Catatonic motor speech

MCQ

4. Which of the following is NOT a subtype of schizophrenia?

① Undifferentiated② Active③ Residual④ Disorganized⑤ Paranoid

MCQ

5. People with schizophrenia who have poverty of speech, inability to express their emotion and initiate a goal are said to be experiencing ______symp-toms

① Positive② Negative③ Extrusive④ Intrusive⑤ Residual

MCQ

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that results in serious forms of suffering. Hence, psychologists have worked to identify its nature and origins.

1. Identify three characteristic symptoms that are primarily used to diagnose schizophrenia.

2. Discuss possible etiology for schizophre-nia.

AP Style FRQ

Amanda bynes' secret twitter account reveals possible schizophrenia symptoms & violent threats!. (2013, 10 1). Perezhilton. Retrieved from http://perezhilton.com/2013-06-05-amanda-bynes-secret-twit-ter-account-reveals-schizophrenia-symptoms/

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Au-thor.

American Psychological Association. (2007). APA dictionary of psy-chology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Helicon. (2013, March 1). Re: Louis Wain: the effects of schizophrenia on the perception of the artist [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://heliconbristol.blogspot.kr/2013/03/louis-wain-effects-of-schizophrenia-on.html

Mash, Eric. J., & Barkley Russell A. (Eds.). (2003). Child psychopathol-ogy. New York: The Guilford Press.

Myers, D.G. (2010). Psychology.(9th ed). New York: Worth publishers.Smith, M. (2013, 10 2). Amanda bynes new diagnosis bipolar disorder

and schizophrenia. Las Vegas Guardian Express. Retrieved from http://guardianlv.com/2013/10/amanda-bynes-new-diagnosis-bipo-lar-disorder-and-schizophrenia/

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