Why is it important?

The industrial revolution changed human life drastically

Before the industrial revolution, technology pretty much stayed the same from 2000 years ago until the mid 1700s

More things have been created in the last 250 years than all of time put together

What was it? The Industrial Revolution was an extreme

change in the way goods were produced

Goods used to be hand made

Machines: Invented to replace human laborMore efficient at producing goodsincreased production and changed the world

forever

QUESTION

What does it mean when I say “increased production”?

Why would having more goods made in a shorter time change the world?

Production Changes

New energy sources were created to power the new machinesWater, Steam, Electricity, Oil

People began using more metals and minerals for production and powerAluminum, Coal, Copper, Iron

Transportation Changes Transportation improved:

Ships○ first were made of wood, now made of Iron, and later,

steel○ Sails were replaced by steam power

Trains were created

And later, automobiles

Communication Changes

Communication Improves!!!

Telegraph

Radio

Telephone

Work Changes

“Factory System” of production invented

Before the factory system, people lived where they worked

Factory machines were too big to keep in a house, so large buildings (factories) were built

People traveled to the factories to work for the day, and then went home at night

Living Changes Urbanization occurred

People moved from farms to the cities so that they could work in the factories

New “classes” formed, now there were: a working classa middle classa wealthy industrial class

Percent of people in England living in Cities

Capitalists

Politicians

Factory Owners

& Managers

Factory Workers

City Workers

Farmers

Economic Changes

Mass production meant large amounts of goods were being produced

More goods, more variety

Capitalism is fully developed

Background of the Industrial Revolution

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment lead to new ideas, and people shared those ideas

People now knew more about the world and science than ever before

This leads to a huge growth in technology

Production before Industrial Revolution

Before the industrial revolution, businessmen delivered the “raw materials” to workers homes

People then produced goods from within their homes

Factory System

Replaced the Domestic System

Faster

Workers were concentrated in a set location

Production anticipated demand

QUESTION

What does “Production anticipated Demand” mean?

Factory owners knew that they would not sell 5,000 shirts right away, but made what they knew they could eventually sell

This allowed them to take time to produce other things after the shirts were done

England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

Slow, gradual changes in England started in the 1700s

After 1750, the changes grew

Why England ?

Capital for investing in the

means of production

Colonies and Markets for

manufactured goods

Raw materials for production

Merchant marine Geography

England’s Resources: Capital (Money)

The revolution made many English merchants wealthy

The merchants now had extra money, or “Capital,” to buy buildings, machines, and raw materials to get factories going

Stable banking system

England’s Resources:Colonies

England had more colonies than any other nation

The colonies were a huge source of raw materials

QUESTION

Can you think of some example resources that England got from its colonies?

Cotton – from the Americas

Silk – From China

England’s Resources: Raw Materials

England had a large amount of Coal to power steam engines and other machines

England also had a lot of Iron

Agriculturally stable

England’s Resources: Merchant Marine

England had the world’s largest merchant fleet

England’s Resources: Geography

England has excellent harbors and ports

A damp climate helped the cloth industry because thread would not dry out

Abundant water

Island (preservation)

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

Spinning machine

Need to speed up weaving

Power loom created

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

Power loom

Increased demand for raw cotton

Invention of the cotton gin

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

Cotton gin

Demands for stronger iron

Improvements in iron smelting and the development of steel (Bessemer process)

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

As more steam-powered machines were built, factories needed more coal to

create this steam

Mining methods improved to meet the

demand for more coal

• The process of inventing never ends

• One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions

WAIT!!!Progress leads to more Progress

Think about the world’s first computers and compare them to what they have now

Think about the worlds first cell phones. Cell phones were originally just made for fast communication in business. Soon after, people saw that the cell phone was more useful than just for business.

THINK!!!

DO NOT

WRITE

The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

Richard Arkwright (English)

Water frame, 1769 Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a home – led to the creation of factories

James Hargreaves (English)

Spinning jenny, 1765

Home-based machine that spun thread 8 times faster than when spun by hand

John Kay (English)

Flying shuttle, 1733 Hand-operated machine which increased the speed of weaving

The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

Elias Howe (American)

Sewing machine, 1846 Speed of sewing greatly increased

Eli Whitney (American)

Cotton gin, 1793 Device separated raw cotton from cotton seeds, increasing the cotton supply while lowering the cost of raw cotton

Edward Cartwright (English)Power loom, 1785 Water-powered device that automatically and quickly wove thread into cloth

Samuel Crompton (English)

Spinning mule, 1779 Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame into a single device, increasing the production of fine thread

Steam Power

Before steam power, the only water power used was a “water wheel”

But if a river flooded or dried up, the wheel would not be useful

Steam Power

1st steam engine was created in 1704, use to pump water from mines

By 1769, a steam engine that could power machines was created

Coal & Iron

From 1770-1800, coal production went from 6 million to 12 million tons

Steel

Before the Industrial Revolution, Steel was difficult and expensive to produce

Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process, which made the production of steel faster and less expensive

Robert Fulton (American)

• Steamboat (1807)

• Sped water transportation

Thomas Telford and John

McAdam (British)

• Macadamized roads (1810-1830)

• Improved roads

George Stephenson

(English)

• Locomotive (1825)

• Fast land transport of people and goods

Transportation

Gottlieb Daimler (German)

• Gasoline engine (1885)

• Led to the invention of the automobile

Rudolf Diesel (German)

• Diesel engine (1892)

• Cheaper fuel

Orville and Wilbur Wright

(American)

• Airplane (1903)• Air transport

Transportation

Strong, hard roads were invented around 1820

This eliminated gravel and dirt roads

Railroads

From 1830 to 1870, England went from having 49 miles of railroad tracks to 15,000 miles

In 1830 – the “rocket” train traveled 40 miles in 1.5 hours

CommunicationSamuel F.B.

Morse (American)

• Telegraph (1844)• Rapid

communication across continents

Alexander Graham Bell (American)

• Telephone (1876)

• Human speech heard across continents

Cyrus W. Field (American)

• Atlantic cable (1866)

• United States and Europe connected by cable

Guglielmo Marconi (Italian)

• Wireless telegraph, an early form of the radio (1895)

• No wires needed for sending messages

Lee de Forest (American)

• Radio tube (1907)

• Radio broadcasts could be sent around the world

Vladimir Zworykin

(American)

• Television (1925)• Simultaneous

audio and visual broadcast

Printing

By 1870, the Rotary press could print both sides of a page at once

1884 – Linotype Machine – could create a line of type instead of each letter by itself

Newspapers became much cheaper to produce

Child Labor

Many children were also hired to work in factories and mines

Their “little hands” were necessary to get into some of the parts of machines

In the mines, they would be used to haul out coal in small tunnels