wielopoziomowy falownik w zastosowaniu do silnika … · in the case of motor supply in the system...

Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010

Omelian Płachtyna, Roman śarnowski, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz

WIELOPOZIOMOWY FALOWNIK W ZASTOSOWANIU DO SILNIKA

INDUKCYJNEGO LUB AUTONOMICZNEJ PRĄDNICY INDUKCYJNEJ ALBO SYNCHRONICZNEJ

MULTILEVEL INVERTER APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVE OR TO INDUCTION

OR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Abstract: In the paper a multilevel inverter for purpose in a supply of induction motor or in generation of

autonomous, self-excited induction generator voltage is presented. The inverter allows elimination of the most

significant harmonics 5th and 7

th and other, up to 10

th. In the case of motor supply in the system are not used

summing transformers and thanks to the phase shifting of voltages the system is favourable in respect of har-

monics in current drawn by transformer from the utility grid. The system in purpose of autonomous generator

is soft for recipients of electrical energy and for the generator drive. In this case the inverter allows elimination

influence of 6th, 18

th, and 30

th harmonics from voltages and currents, what allows to avoid oscillations of the

shaft torque.

__________________________________________________________________________ Roman Dudek, Stanisław Kosiorowski, Andrzej Stobiecki Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków

OSCYLACJE W FILTRACH WEJŚCIOWYCH

PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKOWYCH NAPĘDÓW TRAKCYJNYCH

OSCILLATIONS IN INPUT FILTERS OF CONVERTER-BASED TRACTION DRIVES

Abstract: LC input filters are applied in the traction drives with DC or AC motors controlled with the power

electronic systems. As follows from experience in operation of the electric mine locomotives the most frequent

reason for faults of these systems are faults of the filter’s capacitors. Oscillations of voltage and current during

the transient states of the drive operation can be one of the reasons for the damage of the capacitors. In this pa-

per, special attention is paid to the angular frequency of oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor in

transient states of drive operation. This quantity can be used in diagnostic and elimination of fault operation of

the power electronic systems of the vehicles’ drives. On the basis of a simplified model of the traction system,

non-linear equation describing the system is formulated, linearized characteristic equation is given and mini-

mum value of the filter capacity ensuring stable operation of the system is determined. The relationship deter-

mining the angular frequency is derived. The analysis of the influence of the filter capacity, inductance and

resistance of the traction network, supply source voltage and power of the drive on the angular frequency of

the oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor is carried out using simulations in the IsSpice program.

Selected results of tests of the laboratory traction drive system equipped with a traction motor of the mine lo-

comotive type Ld 31 are presented in the last section of the paper.

__________________________________________________________________________ Roman śarnowski Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz

11


AUTONOMICZNA PRĄDNICA INDUKCYJNA Z KASKADOWYM FALOWNIKIEM NAPIĘCIA

AUTONOMOUS INDUCTION GENERATOR WITH CASCADED VOLTAGE

INVERTER

Abstract: In the paper a frequency and voltage stabilisation system of autonomous, self-excited induction

generator (API) is presented. Electrical energy with uncontrolled parameters, produced by API is converted to

sin wave output energy with constant frequency and voltage with the help of a cascade inverter. Output volt-

age stabilisation is performed in the DC intermediate circuit of the inverter. The control strategy and the way

of adding voltages in the cascade inverter which allow to eliminate the most significant harmonics up to as-

sumed harmonic number is defined. Simulation results are enclosed.

__________________________________________________________________________

Marek Niechaj Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

NUMERYCZNY MODEL FOTOWOLTAICZNEGO SYSTEMU

NAPĘDOWEGO Z MAKSYMALIZACJĄ MOCY OPARTĄ NA DODATNIM SPRZĘśENIU ZWROTNYM

NUMERICAL MODEL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVE SYSTEM

WITH MPP TRACKER BASED ON POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Abstract: The paper deals with numerical model of the system with photovoltaic generator feeding the DC

commutator motor with permanent magnet excitement, by DC buck chopper. The motor drives its load of fan

characteristic – centrifugal water pump. The system is of Stand-Alone type, and without the electric buffer

source (electrochemical accumulator or supercapacitor). The simple circuit for Maximum Power Point track-

ing, with positive feedback from average value of motor’s armature voltage, has been applied in this system.

The real system’s diagram is presented and shortly described. The numerical model of the whole real system

has been created in TCAD simulation software. This model’s diagram is presented and described

in details. The model of PV generator enables simple modeling of generator’s cells insolation changes,

and also different temperatures of the cells, independently. The results of computer simulations of such tran-

sient states as: start-ups of the motor for different PV cells insolation and temperature values, and linear in-

creases and decreases of insolation, are presented. The good points and shortcomings of the described system

and its model are recapitulated in the conclusions.

__________________________________________________________________________

Jan Anuszczyk, Andrzej Gocek Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź

HAMOWANIE POCIĄGÓW METRA Z NAPĘDEM PRĄDU STAŁEGO

I PRZEMIENNEGO PRZY WYKORZYSTANIU SYSTEMU ATO

BRAKING OF UNDERGROUND TRAINS WITH AC AND DC DRIVE USING ATO SYSTEM

Abstract: The paper describes AC and DC drives used in underground trains and braking methods of under-

ground trains cooperating with an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system. A train drive with an AC motor


and a drive with DC motor with impulse and resistance riot has been described. An ATO system ensures

automatic train piloting such as acceleration and braking. A type of this system, used especially on under-

ground lines implements a direct position breaking. The precision of train braking depends on the motor con-

trol, which is particularly important during electrodynamic braking. The type of used drive affects on precise-

ness and quality of duty braking process. The concept of an efficient regulation of the duty braking, the con-

trol-execution system and a breaking quality indicator has been described.

__________________________________________________________________________

Grzegorz Gawor, Sławomir Szymaniec Politechnika Opolska, Opole

PRZEMYSŁOWE BADANIA DIAGNOSTYCZNE NAPĘDÓW

ELEKTRYCZNYCH

INDUSTRIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRIC ELECTRICAL DRIVES Abstract: There are many problems in practical diagnostics of machines operated in industrial conditions. The

paper presents the diagnostic methods in this for example the envelope analysis methods and measurement re-

sults of operating diagnostics.

__________________________________________________________________________

Adam Sołbut Politechnika Białostocka, Białystok

WYBRANE ALGORYTMY DIAGNOSTYKI UKŁADU

NAPĘDOWEGO Z FALOWNIKAMI NAPIĘCIA

CHOSEN INVERTER-FED MOTOR DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS

Abstract: Present-day motor drives are using voltage inverters for motor speed controlling. Voltage inverters

control systems are based on microprocessor technology. Microprocessors, that are used in inverters control

systems can also be used for motor drives state estimation. Propositions of algorithms, that are possible to im-

plement in motor drives control systems are presented in the paper. It's suggested to use moving RMS and av-

erage values of chosen signals available in control algorithms. Moving values calculation algorithm is pre-

sented in C++ language code, so it is possible to implement it in an own solutions. Propositions of algorithms

are supported by simulations and laboratory tests results of a motor drive with Field Orientation Control

method.

__________________________________________________________________________ Krzysztof Kolano Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

UKŁAD NAPĘDOWY ZASILANY Z BATERII OGNIW FOTOWOLTAICZNYCH WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCY Z SIECIĄ

ELEKTROENERGETYCZNĄ


ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM FED FROM PV SOLAR CELLS AHD THE POWER GRID

Abstract: Within last few years the possibility of constructing PV low power generators used for electric

driving systems feeding emerged. The amount of energy produced by these unconventional energy sources

depends on current weather conditions. In this article the electrical drive system fed both from PV arrays and

the power grid has been described. It is based on industrial frequency converter with special MPPT control

algorithm. This structure is designed to meet requirements of most drive systems, especially 3-phase air

conditioning units. Defining the minimum level of output frequency of the frequency converter allows to affect

on the amount of energy consumed from the power grid. Despite the weather condition (insolation) PV array

always works with maximum possible efficiency.

__________________________________________________________________________ Andrzej Sikora, Barbara Kulesz Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

WPŁYW PROCESÓW KOMUTACYJNYCH NA PRACĘ

TRANSFORMATORA PROSTOWNIKOWEGO O NIETYPOWYM UKŁADZIE POŁĄCZEŃ

COMMUTATION PROCESSES IN NON-STANDARD RECTIFIER

TRANSFORMER

Abstract: To obtain rectified voltage needed for d.c. traction networks, different types of energy transforma-

tion circuits may be used. This paper deals with 6- and 24-pulse transformer-rectified set operation under dif-

ferent supply conditions. Commutation issues have been investigated for Yd transformer supplied with sinu-

soidal and distorted voltage. It has been shown that supply voltage THD factor affecting rectified voltage

quality is not sufficient to examine voltage transformation extensively; phase angles of the harmonics have

been researched as well and their impact on commutation processes presented. For 24-pulse system it has been

shown that transformer windings connection scheme giving the desired phase shifts between secondary side

voltages is not sufficient to achieve 24 pulses in rectified voltage. Due to commutation, this system produces 6

pulse output voltage only. In order to modernise traction substation, simple switchover from 3-phase to 12-

phase transformer with presented windings connection is not, therefore, possible.

__________________________________________________________________________

Andrzej Sikora, Adam Zielonka Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

PORÓWNANIE DWÓCH WARIANTÓW ZASILANIA SILNIKA

BEZSZCZOTKOWEGO

COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT SUPPLY VARIANTS OF A BLDC MOTOR

Abstract: Two alternative methods of supply and speed control of BLDC motor are presented in the paper.

The motoe is supplied via electronic commutator, which calculated rotor position on the basis of signals re-

ceived from Hall sensors. The system consists of transistor bridge connecting the supply voltage to the motor

windings in accordance with control sequence. The bridge is controlled by microprocessor, which works out

the control basing on rotor position signals and motor input current value.


In the first supply variant motor’s average winding voltage is controlled via pulse width modulation of supply

voltage (this is done by electronic commutator).

In the second supply variant the system is supplemented with power electronics converter, decreasing elec-

tronic commutator supply voltage, so that the commutator is controlled on the basis of rotor position sensors

only (with no pulse width modulation). The possibility of decreasing supply voltage (average value) of the

BLDC motor allows smooth regulation of motor speed.

__________________________________________________________________________

Andrzej Rusek, Andrzej Popenda, Janusz Flasza Politechnika Częstochowska, Częstochowa Piotr Dziubałtowski, ZM Elektro Sp. z o.o., Katowice

POPRAWA EFEKTYWNOŚCI ENERGETYCZNEJ POMP WODY

SIECIOWEJ EC TYCHY SA – ANALIZA PROBLEMU

THE IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS WATER NETWORK EC TYCHY SA - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM

Abstract: In this study analyzed the comparative two variants of the water transport system: the system used

at present, and a redesigned layout for the EC Tychy SA. Through analysis of the problem shown main direc-

tions of modernization in the two sets of pumps online PS3, PS4, PS5, PS6 and PS7, and two additional pumps

PS8 and PS9.

__________________________________________________________________________

Janusz Flasza Politechnika Częstochowska, Częstochowa

ZAGADNIENIE OSZCZĘDNOŚCI ENERGII W SILNIKACH

ELEKTRYCZNYCH W ASPEKCIE KLASYFIKACJI IE

THE QUESTION OF AUSTERITY OF ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENGINES IN ASPECT OF CLASSIFICATION IE

Abstract: More than half of all electricity produced worldwide is used for electric drives with electric motors.

Currently, the model faces the problem of energy modernization. Associated with the rational use in the

application of innovative technology. This technology also includes the EE - energy-efficient, as one of the

industries. Due to the high energy consumption and widely used in asynchronous alternating current engines

devoted much investment and research in order to increase and improve their performance, taking into account

their development, setting standards. Continue and new initiatives are legislative and other measures

concerning issues of energy savings for induction motors.

__________________________________________________________________________

Wojciech Figna, Krzysztof Pieńkowski Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław

STEROWANIE WEKTOROWE SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM

Z DWOMA UZWOJENIAMI STOJANA


VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR WITH DUAL STATOR WINDING

Abstract: The paper describes the analysis and control of dual stator winding induction motor. The motor

consists of a stator with two separate three-phase windings shifted by 30 electrical degrees and a standard

squirrel-cage rotor. The two types of mathematical models of dual stator motor are discussed. According to

the first approach the machine is considered as the six-phase machine. This approach is based on using matrix

transformation of phase variables obtained from vector space decomposition theory. According to the second

approach the machine is considered as the machine with two separate three-phase stator windings. In this case

the Park transformation of phase variables is applied. On the base of two obtained mathematical models of

the motor for transformed phase variables the principles of vector control of the motor are developed. The

control methods of dual stator winding induction motor based on FOC and DTC control are considered.

__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Błaszczyk Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź

ANALIZA CHARAKTERYSTYK TRAKCYJNYCH SILNIKA

LINIOWEGO SYNCHRONICZNEGO WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCEGO Z PRZEMIENNIKIEM CZĘSTOTLIWOŚCI

THE ANALYSIS OF TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LINEAR

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR COOPERATING WITH FREQUENCY INVERTER

Abstract: The paper concerns of the analysis of traction characteristics of the linear synchronous motor

(LSM) fed from frequency inverter. The conducted examinations served for the quality assessment of the new

type of drive. During attempts and tests of LSM drive was being encumbered with different types of burdens.

Received courses were of help for analysis of the drive in terms of his accuracy and the precision. Analysis

consisted on comparing with oneself individual stages of the move, for the maximum and minimum load. For

every type of the burden a relative error corresponding to the entire sequence of the move was appointed. The

conducted examinations confirmed the superiority of the drive, and agreeable parameters with declared by the

producer. With evidence of it there is a relative error get in the process of calculations, for the maximum load

of the motor, of which the value is on the level 1.5 %.

__________________________________________________________________________

Jan Anuszczyk, Piotr Błaszczyk Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź

STRATEGIE EWOLUCYJNE W OPTYMALIZACJI SILNIKÓW

ZWARTOBIEGUNOWYCH

THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES IN OPTIMIZATION OF SHADED-POLE MOTORS

Abstract: An optimization module was built on the basis of MATLAB and FEMM packages where the above-

described objective function, searching the maximum starting torque in a shaded-pole induction motor, was

implemented. In the process of optimization functions of genetic algorithms introduced in MATLAB [4], were

implemented. Thus, an initial population in the form of six chromosomes was defined. The genetic algorithm

enables to keep an equilibrium between wide research of the solution space and using the solutions found due

to the previous generations of chromosomes. The objective function was defined so that good solutions meet-

ing the pre-set limitations were reproduced and other solutions were rejected by means of a selection method


in every subsequent generation. On completing calculations, the final population was the next initial popula-

tion until the pre-set convergence of consecutive results was achieved.

__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Adam Mazurkiewicz, Jan Prokop Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów

BADANIA SILNIKA BLDC PRZEZNACZONEGO DO LOTNICZEGO

NAPĘDU HYBRYDOWEGO

RESEARCH OF BLDC MOTOR DESIGNED FOR AIRCRAFT HYBRID DRIVE

Abstract: The concept of aircraft hybrid drive (engine – electric motor) was discussed in the paper. Basic

laboratory research results of BLDC motor like dependence on electromagnetic torque and cogging torque vs

rotor position were also included in the paper. Parameters needed for the proper performance of the BLDC

motor in the aircraft hybrid drive were assessed.

__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Adam Mazurkiewicz, Jan Prokop Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów

BADANIA SYMULACYJNE SILNIKA SKOKOWEGO

RELUKTANCYJNEGO

SIMULATION RESEARCH OF STEPPER RELUCTANCE MOTOR

Abstract: The paper shows the results of a simulation research of the three phase reluctance stepper motor.

The mathematical model of the stepper motor was presented. The simulation model of drive was accomplished

in Matlab/Simulink system. The researches were realized for a full-step and half-step commutations method.

The limit characteristics of the over speed condition for the commutation method described above were deter-

mined. Time courses of current, rotary speed and rotor position were presented and the conclusions were en-

closed.

__________________________________________________________________________

Tadeusz Glinka, Stanisław Gawron BOBRME Komel, Katowice

SILNIKI DO NAPĘDÓW PRACUJĄCYCH IMPULSOWO

MOTORS FOR INTERMITTENT DUTY DRIVES Abstract: Intermittent duty electrical drives are often encountered in military devices. Depending on the drive

function, the motor may run for one or several seconds. One possible choice of motor for such a drive is dc

series motor with mechanical commutator. These motors are very well suited to pulse (intermittent) duty.

However, a major drawback is sparking occurring at large current overloads. Alternatively, these drives may

be equipped with BLDC (brushless dc) motors, characterised by high efficiency, high power density and

torque overload capacity resulting in high operational dynamics.


__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Jan Prokop, Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów Krzysztof Tomczewski, Krzysztof Wróbel, Politechnika Opolska, Opole

WERYFIKACJA POMIAROWA WYNIKÓW OBLICZEŃ

POLOWYCH SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZEŁĄCZALNEGO

EXPERIMENTAL VERYFICATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR FIELD CALCULATIONS

Abstract: The paper shows some chosen static characteristics of a switched reluctance motor 8/6 received by

field calculation method. The structure of specialized measurement stand to appoint static characteristics of an

electronic switched motor was discussed. Results of some laboratory measurements for a given researched

SRM motor were included. The results received by field accounts method were compared with the results of

laboratory research and some conclusions were enclosed.

__________________________________________________________________________

Maciej Bogumił Instytut Elektrotechniki, Warszawa

PORÓWNANIE NAPĘDÓW Z SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM DWUFAZOWYM I TRÓJFAZOWYM Z LITYM RDZENIEM

WIRNIKA

COMPARISON OF DRIVES WITH TWO-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS WITH SOLID ROTOR CORE

Abstract: The article presents researches results of one-phase drivers equipped with two- and three-phase in-duction cage motors with solid rotor core. The motors have been constructed on the base of typical three-phase

induction cage motor with two-poles and shaft height 90 mm.

Typical sliced core was removed from shaft and replaced with solid core. The solid rotor was tested in two-

and three-phase stators of experimental motors powered from electronic inverter.

There are presented comparative researches results of drivers at continuous work with decreased load due to

highest temperature growth and torques characteristics at different frequency. All comparisons were preformed

for several air gap value. __________________________________________________________________________

Radosław Machlarz Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

ANALIZA SYMULACYJNA METOD STEROWANIA WEKTOROWEGO

SYNCHRONICZNEGO SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZY ZMIENNYM KĄCIE WYMUSZENIA

SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE CURRENT ANGLE VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES OF SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

Abstract: The paper, being a continuation of previous work, deals with computer simulations of dynamic per-

formance of vector controlled synchronous reluctance motor with axially laminated anisotropic rotor, operat-

ing upon two variable current angle vector control strategies: constant d-axis current component strategy and

constant flux linkage strategy. The simulation model in Matlab-Simulink environment was derived, based on

mathematical model of the motor in d-q rotor coordinates. The simulations results show, that both analyzed


control strategies offer good dynamic response of the motor below base speed, although constant d-axis cur-

rent component strategy is numerically less complex and appears to be better solution for applications with

low speed and high dynamic demand.

__________________________________________________________________________

Mariusz Korkosz, Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów Adrian Młot, Politechnika Opolska, Opole

OGRANICZANIE PULSACJI MOMENTU

ELEKTROMAGNETYCZEGO W BEZSZCZOTKOWYM SILNIKU PRĄDU STAŁEGO O SKOŚNYCH MAGNESACH

TORQUE RIPPLE REDUCTION BY USING MULTI-SLICE FE MODELLING

OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR WITH SKEWED MAGNETS

Abstract: The intention of this paper is to look at multi-slice two-dimensional finite element modeling of

a brushless DC motor with and without magnet skew. The results obtained are compared with experimental

measurements on a typical machine without skew structure of the magnet. A standard approach to reducing

cogging torque is to skew the magnet structure with respect to the rotor. Alternatively, the stator core can be

skewed as well. This paper will consider the case of magnet skew only. From the finite element analysis (FEA)

results, it shows that the brushless DC motor with 10o magnet skew angle with 5 slices had better performance

than the motor with different values of skew angle. Additionally the difference between a physical machine

with un-skewed magnets and a model of skewed magnet machine are shown.

__________________________________________________________________________

Grzegorz Badowski, Jerzy Hickiewicz, Krystyna Macek-Kamińska, Marcin Kamiński Politechnika Opolska, Opole Wojciech Herman, PGE Elektrownia Opole SA, Brzezie

POŚREDNI POMIAR ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNEGO

MOMENTU SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO

INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMEGNETIC INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE

Abstract: The principle assign of slow variable induction motor torque based on power measurement taken by

motor was briefly presented in the paper. Sample waveforms of motor load torque received of based on regis-

tered waveform input power were shown. It seems that in case of high-power driver, which continuously reg-

istration electrical quantity such as power or current input is currently often applying, registration of slow vari-

able load torque can be comfortable to assessment of motor work.

__________________________________________________________________________

Maria Dems, Krzysztof Komęza, Jacek Szulakowski Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź

STRATY PODSTAWOWE I DODATKOWE W RDZENIU

WYSOKOOBROTOWYCH SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH MAŁEJ MOCY

BASIC AND ADDITIONAL CORE LOSSES OF THE HIGH-SPEED SMALL SIZE

INDUCTION MOTORS


Abstract: The paper presents the calculation of the basic and additional core loss of the small size induction

motor supplied from the power network for 50 Hz, and by a voltage-frequency converter for the frequency

changing from 0 to 250 Hz. The calculations were made by use the field - circuit method, as well as by use

known from the literature circuit methods. The calculation results were verified by measurement. Calculations

were performed using the measured characteristics of the specific core losses of the electrical sheets as a func-

tion of the flux density and frequency.

__________________________________________________________________________

Vitezslav Hajek, Ondrej Vitek, Hana Kuchynkova Brno University of Technology, Czechy

STARTER UNIQUE CONCEPTION

ROZRUSZNIK SPECJALNEJ KONCEPCJI

Abstract: Practical operation shows that the overall reliability and durability of vehicles is affected, to large extent, by the starting characteristics of combustion engine, and also by the power and energy characteristics

of the starting system. The starting system means a starter, electromagnetic switch, and storage battery.

__________________________________________________________________________

Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz1, Krzysztof Krykowski2 Antoni Skoć3, Janusz Hetmańczyk2 1 Megatech Kalety 2 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki 3 Politechnika Śląska, Instytut Mechanizacji Górnictwa

REZONANS MECHANICZNY

W WYSOKOOBROTOWYM SILNIKU PM BLDC

MECHANICAL RESONANCE IN HIGH-SPEED PM BLDC MOTOR

Abstract: Mechanical resonance problem which occur in high-speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor is

presented in the paper. The authors describe a vibration which appears in motor drive and show calculation

procedure of transverse vibration as a significant part of proper vibration. Laboratory test with prototype high-

speed brushless DC motor is presented in the last part of the paper. Waveforms of stator vibration and lines

currents are shown as results of conducted experiment with prototype high-speed brushless DC motor. Labo-

ratory test confirms theoretical analyses.

__________________________________________________________________________

Janusz Hetmańczyk1, Krzysztof Krykowski1, Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz3, Roman Miksiewicz2, Dawid Makieła1 1 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki 2 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Maszyn i Urządzeń Elektrycznych 3 Megatech Kalety

WYSOKOOBROTOWY SILNIK WZBUDZANY

MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI

HIGH-SPEED PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR


Abstract: The prototype of high-speed permanent brushless DC motor is presented in the paper. The principle

of operation, control method and construction of high-speed motor are described. Disadvantageous phenomena

appearing in high-speed PM BLDC motor and their methods of limitation during design process are consid-

ered. Selected cases of computer analyses and results of laboratory tests are presented in final part of paper.

__________________________________________________________________________

Emil Król, Robert Rossa BOBRME Komel, Katowice

ZASTOSOWANIE BLACH ZE STOPÓW KOBALTOWO-

śELAZOWYCH W MASZYNACH Z MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI

APPLICATION OF METAL ALLOY COBALT-IRON SHEETS

IN MOTORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS Abstract: The article discusses the magnetic properties of magnetic cores for the three motor type PMSM 2p

= 8 These cores have the same geometry of stator and rotor electrical steel sheet, and different type of steel

used. In first core using the standard sheet type M330-50A. In two successive cores using modern electrical

steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy. In two successive cores using modern electrical steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy type

Vacoflux50. The first core is made of electrical steel sheet without annealing, the second was annealed ac-

cording to the manufacturer requires. For each core in addition to two winding coil wound measurement was

performed using the comparative tests of cores. Based on the study can be clearly observed from the stator

made of cobalt-iron alloy without annealing not suitable for the build of motors magnetic circuits. The pa-rameters of this material are changed completely after the annealing process, which is shown on the submitted

characteristics. Magnetic properties of cobalt-iron alloy after annealed are significantly improving, greatly

exceeding the parameters of a standard electrical sheet.

__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Chudzik, Andrzej Radecki Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź

STABILIZACJA NAPIĘCIA POŚREDNICZĄCEGO FALOWNIKOWYCH UKŁADÓW NAPĘDOWYCH

VOLTAGE SUPPLY STABILIZATION FOR MOTOR DRIVE CONVERTER

Abstract: Modern methods of motor drives control are ought to be high precision and quality. This quality is

achieved through a rapid and accurate realization of given electromagnetic torque which is insensitive to in-

verter voltage changes. As a result of using such control methods, a whole system can be considered as an

element on constant power for constant angular velocity of the rotor, which leads to occurrence of negative

admittance in presence of voltage changes. When an inverter input filter has a high inductance value, negative

admittance leads to the excitation of input filter voltage oscillations, whose amplitude often exceeds 50% of

nominal voltage. Such a perturbations of inverter voltage can lead to unstable work of electric drive or to dam-

aging one of the inverter elements. The article outlined a method for stabilizing an inverter voltage, through an

additional admitance which compensates an unstable component of system. Theoretical considerations and

practical algorithm are included. As confirmation of the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm, article

contains computer simulation, tests and results.

__________________________________________________________________________

Mariusz Jagieła Politechnika Opolska, Opole


NOWE POLOWO-ZORIENTOWANE ŚRODOWISKO KOMPUTEROWE DO OBLICZEŃ KONSTRUKCYJNYCH

KLATKOWYCH SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH

NEW FIELD-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED DESIGN OF INDUCTION MACHINES

Abstract: This paper describes an environment for computer assisted design of three-phase squirrel cage

induction machines. The finite element method is used as a computational technique to appropriately account

for detailed geometrical properties, skew, material nonlinearity and deep-bar effect. It enables determination of

all electromagnetic quantities that are usually of interest of designers of electrical machines directly from the

model. Besides of that it contains module for design optimization. The design of experiment is used as

a principal optimization technique. Sample results including measurements and the results of optimization are

presented.

__________________________________________________________________________

Zbigniew Goryca, Politechnika Radomska, Radom Mariusz Malinowski, Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa

PRĄDNICA DO MAŁEJ BEZPRZEKŁADNIOWEJ

ELEKTROWNI WIATROWEJ

GENERATOR FOR SMALL GEARLESS WIND POWER PLANT Abstract: The paper presents design of generator for small gearless wind power plant. It is multi-pole ma-

chine, whose cogging torque has been minimized through the application of odd number of stator teeth. De-

signing calculations of flat model of generator were carried out with the use of package COMSOL Multiphys-

ics v3.3 using finite element method. The simulation result shows negligible value of cogging torque for such

solution. The generator has low mass at the power of 6kW and the speed of 150 rev/min.

__________________________________________________________________________

Piotr Zientek, Roman Niestrój Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

WPŁYW USZKODZEŃ KLATKI WIRNIKA NA WARTOŚĆ NAPIĘĆ

I PRĄDÓW WAŁOWYCH W SILNIKACH INDUKCYJNYCH

INFLUENCE OF SQUIRREL CAGE FAULTS ON SHAFT VOLTAGE AND CURRENTS VALUES IN INDUCTION MOTORS

Abstract: The paper presents initial results of laboratory investigations. These results emphasize the intensifi-

cation of the phenomena connected with bearing currents flow at different rotor cage damages. In the section 3

is presented the influence of rotor cage damages on the shaft voltage value. The subject of these studies was a

low power induction motor (fig. 3), taking into consideration easiness and low costs of necessary moderniza-

tion of it. On the figure 4 is presented the diagram of the shaft voltage and current measurement system. The

measurements results are presented on the figures 10, 11, 12. Conclusions drawn from laboratory researches

are presented in chapter 4.

__________________________________________________________________________


Tomasz Mnich Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

WYKRYWANIE ZAGROśEŃ TERMICZNYCH W SILNIKACH

INDUKCYJNYCH ZA POMOCĄ METODY ZASTĘPCZYCH SCHEMATÓW CIEPLNYCH

DETECTING THERMAL HAZARDS OF INDUCTION MOTORS USE

OF THERMAL EQUIVALENT DIAGRAMS

Abstract: The paper presents make us method of thermal equivalent diagrams to detecting thermal hazards of

induction motors. Author presents principle of operation thermal protection Sepam 1000 and compare them

with method protection induction motor, base on thermal equivalent diagrams. Results of computer calcula-

tions and practice measurements was presented. __________________________________________________________________________

Filip Kutt, Mieczysław Ronkowski Politechnika Gdańska, Gdańsk

KONCEPCJA I SYMULACJA POLOWA GENERATORA O ZMIENNEJ CZĘSTOTLIWOŚCI. ZASTOSOWANIE W

AUTONOMICZNYCH SYSTEMACH ELEKTROENERGETYCZNYCH

CONCEPTION AND FIELD SIMULATIONS OF A VARIABLE FREQUENCY GENERATOR. APPLICATION FOR AUTONOMOUS POWER GENERATION

SYSTEM

Abstract: This paper covers a conception and simulation results for a brushless synchronous generator work-

ing with variable speed in an autonomous energy generation system (e.g. airplane power grid, hybrid vehicle,

micro-CHP). The papers has two parts: presentation of the generator conception used in modern autonomous

energy generation systems, and simulation results using filed model elaborated in Flux2D software. The ob-

tained simulation results have proved that the assumed generator topology and electromagnetic loading are

adequate for the required generator performance parameters.

__________________________________________________________________________

Tomasz Wolnik BOBRME Komel, Katowice

ANALIZA KOSZTÓW UKŁADU KOGENERACYJNEGO

Z SILNIKIEM SPALINOWYM DIESLA

ANALYSIS OF THE COSTS OF COGENERATION WITH DIESEL ENGINE

Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the profitability of the installation of cogeneration systems with

the use of Diesel engines. Considered are two types of work for cogeneration systems: work for electricity

systems and work for a company’s needs. For both cases, a balance of profits and losses has been developed.

Using the energy balance approach compares the amount of fuel used by the engine for various types of fuels.

In accordance with the definition of biomass, where the fuel for diesel engines is either vegetable oil or used

vegetable oil, generated electricity can be regarded as energy derived from renewable sources and thus the

relevant certificates could be sold as “green energy”.

163


__________________________________________________________________________

Andrzej Białas BOBRME Komel, Katowice

BADANIE POŁĄCZENIA WCISKOWEGO POMIĘDZY

WAŁEM A TULEJĄ SILNIKA TYPU SPM ZASTOSOWANEGO W NAPĘDZIE SAMOCHODÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH

RESEARCH OF INTERFERENCE JOINT BETWEEN SHAFT AND SLEEVE OF

THE ELECTRIC MOTOR TYPE SPM USED AS A DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC CARS Abstract: The paper contains research of stresses occurrence on cylindrical surface of interference joint be-tween shaft and sleeve of rotor used as a drive for electric cars. This article presents comparison analytic

method with advanced program finite element method (FEM). This program uses to research of load capacity

interference joint when we impose a load to the sleeve.

__________________________________________________________________________ Tadeusz Glinka, Emil Król, Tomasz Wolnik BOBRME Komel, Katowice

MODEL POLOWY BEZRDZENIOWEJ MASZYNY TARCZOWEJ

FIELD MODEL OF CORELESS AXIAL FLUX MACHINES

Abstract: A very interesting construction of disc-type machines are coreless machines. Because there is no

core in the stator this type of axial flux machines doesn’t have a cogging torque, iron losses or eddy current. Axial flux machines are construction, which requires to make a 3D model. Presented in this paper are 3D field

models of coreless axial flux machines, which map a prototype of the machine made. Demonstrated are meth-

ods of modeling particular elements and parameters of machines.

__________________________________________________________________________

Stanisław Rawicki, Jacek Koczorowski, Marcin Nowak Politechnika Poznańska, Poznań Radosław Mirski, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy, Poznań

ANALIZA AKUSTYCZNEGO WIDMA TRÓJFAZOWEGO SILNIKA

INDUKCYJNEGO PRZY USZKODZENIACH UZWOJENIA STOJANA

ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC SPECTRUM OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION

MOTOR AT STATOR WINDING DAMAGES Abstract: The paper concerns the diagnostics of windings defects in three-phase induction motors basing on

the electric machine noise analysis. With the help of the computer software, the acoustic spectrum was ana-

lysed and the dominant diagnostic harmonics of noise of the three-phase slip-ring induction motor have been

determined. The failures of the following type: the internal shorting between two phases and the short-circuit

of the stator coil have been investigated. The problem of the increase of the damage degree was also analysed.

Within the framework of the comparative diagnostic methodics, the properties and parameters of the

symmetrical three-phase induction motor are the basis for a state valuation of the electrical machine. It was

illustrated that the change of the acoustic spectrum can give information about the technical state of the motor.

The interesting methodology of noise research consists in investigations for frequencies of a wide range. All

presented in this paper measurements have been done for the three-phase induction slip-ring motor placed on

the work-stand.


Paweł Pistelok BOBRME Komel, Katowice

ROZWIĄZANIA KONSTRUKCYJNE UZWOJEŃ Z BEZPOŚREDNIM

CHŁODZENIEM WODNYM

STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS TO WINDINGS WITH DIRECT WATER COOLING

Abstract: The paper deals with the structural solutions to windings of stators with the direct water-cooling. Structures with the different degree intensity of cooling were showed. A discussed advantages and

disadvantages of windings with direct water-cooling. This paper give information about problems which

should be taken into account during design process new machine with direct water cooling. The paper

describes also corrosion properties of water which have influence on the system of chilling.

__________________________________________________________________________ Włodzimierz Zieliński Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

BŁĘDY W POMIARACH PROCESÓW ISKRZENIOWYCH

KOMUTATOROWYCH MASZYN PRĄDU STAŁEGO

THE ERRORS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF D.C. COMMUTATOR MACHINES SPARKING PROCESSES

Abstract: The computer system connection with a sparking analiser enabled the evaluation of the brush-com-

mutator sparking junction in reference to a particular portion of the commutator. To assess the sparking

some mathematical indicators were applied, which reflect light signals. The measurements results of the con-

ducted research are always different from the real figures. The physical figures measurements are capable to

establish only the estimates which contain errors. In this article an attempt to a discussion of the errors com-

mitted at conducting the measurements by means of the opto-electronic method was presented.

__________________________________________________________________________ Piotr Kisielewski, Ludwik Antal Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław

BADANIE STABILNOŚCI TURBOGENERATORA PRZY ZMIANACH

OBCIĄśENIA

RESEARCH OF TURBOGENERATOR STABILITY FOR LOAD CHANGES

Abstract: This paper presents two-dimensional field-circuit model of 500 MVA turbogenerator. Model

is designed to calculate static and dynamic characteristics of machine. During solving field equations real

physical characteristics of materials, configuration of windings, damper circuit and motion elements

in electromagnetic field are taken into account. In circuit part there is an electrical scheme. The electrical ele-

ments correspond with winding in the field model. Parameters of frontal connections are included. The model

was applied to calculate stator currents, magnetic torque and rotor speed in case of sudden power increase.

__________________________________________________________________________ Rafał Setlak, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice Przemysław Kuś Badawczy Ośrodek Samochodów MałolitraŜowych BOSMAL, Bielsko-Biała

REGULACJA TEMPERATURY CIECZY CHŁODZĄCEJ

W UKŁADZIE NAPĘDOWYM MILD HYBRID

203


TEMPERATURE REGULATION OF COOLING WATER IN MILD HYBRID

DRIVE SYSTEM

Abstract: : Article describes project of automatic, preheating engine block system, which enable shortening of

duration of fuel injection after starting combustion engine. It will cause reduction of air pollution during cata-

lyst heating-up phase. The automatic, preheating engine block system should have electric regulation of cool-

ing water temperature, which is realized by electric cooling water pump. Independent control of pump speed

and application extra heating-up of cooling water makes possible heating cooling water when engine is turn off

and control engines temperature during engine running (admission of increase temperature to 110˚C).

__________________________________________________________________________

Rafał Setlak, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice Przemysław Kuś Badawczy Ośrodek Samochodów MałolitraŜowych BOSMAL, Bielsko-Biała

BADANIA CIEPLNE SILNIKA SPALINOWEGO SAMOCHODU

OSOBOWEGO W ASPEKCIE ZASTOSOWANIA SYSTEMU NAPĘDOWEGO MILD HYBRID

THERMAL ANALYSIS IN COMBUSTION ENGINE COOLING CAR SYSTEM

FOR USING MILD HYBRID DRIVE

Abstract: : Main goal of article was project of automatic, preheating engine block system, which enable

shortening duration of fuel injection after starting combustion engine. It will cause reduction of air pollution

during catalyst heating-up phase. The automatic, preheating engine block system should have electric regula-

tion of cooling water temperature, which is realized by electric cooling water pump. Independent control of

pump speed and application extra heating-up of cooling water makes possible heating cooling water when en-

gine is turn off and control engines temperature during engine running (admission of increase temperature to

110˚C). Within the framework of this work, there have been done calculations, measurements and researches

whose aim was to determine the real parameters of cooling system structure for researched engine Fiat Palio

Weekend 1,2 8V. Temperature measurements have been done with the help of camera ThermaCam T400 Flir

and thermocouples PT 100 whereas flow rate measurements have been done with the help of turbine flow-

meter Vision 2008 4F 22 with Hall’s converter. Measurements was repeated several times to get reliable re-

sults. The carried out measurements allowed us to create thermal maps and flow rate characteristics of re-

searched engines.

__________________________________________________________________________

Rafał Setlak, Arnold Gałązka Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

UKŁAD STOP & GO W SYSTEMIE NAPĘDOWYM MILD HYBRID

SAMOCHODU OSOBOWEGO

STOP&GO IN MILD HYBRID PASSANGER CAR DRIVE SYSTEM

Abstract: : Main goal of article was design, develop and control of Stop&Go system in Mild Hybrid Drive

using supercondensator and starter with permanent magnets. Many researches and tests were done to deter-

mine real and then representative cycles of drive in Silesian agglomeration in Gliwice and Zabrze. Road re-

searches enabled carrying out analysis of fluidity of traffic in cities and setting a percentage shares of move-

ment micro stages (selected accelerations, driving with constant speed, braking, stopover)

Researches of usefulness of supercondensators’ system as an energy source in process of starting an internal

combustion engine were done. Usage of supercondensators as an energy source of starting led to improvement


of economic indicators of the Stop & Go system. Supercondensator has a 1000 times bigger durability than

PbPbO2 battery with around 40 times smaller mass.

Researchers of real characteristics of the car Fiat Palio Weekend 1,2 8V were done for calculations of tradi-

tional characteristics The Stop & Go system was designed and produced for this vehicle

A starter, which will have NeFeB magnets built in stator instead of induction winding, was designed. A mod-

ernization of the starter is necessary because of different type of working – frequent starting of the internal

combustion engine. A project of the Stop & Go system was carried out in the Fiat Palio car a project of the

Stop & Go system for Mild Hybrid drive and verification of correctness of working has been carried out in the

Fiat Palio car

__________________________________________________________________________

Rafał Setlak, Maciej Krzyszkowski Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

ELEKTRYCZNY HAMULEC POSTOJOWY HILL HOLDER

W SAMOCHODZIE OSOBOWYM

ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE HILL-HOLDER IN PASSENGER CAR

Abstract: The paper describes design and build the model of the Electric Parking Brake in automobiles. The

Microprocessor Control System of the Hill-Holder brake shall be equipped with self-locking feature when it

detects a vehicle stop and tilt (front of the car is higher than the rear). The system should automatically let go

of the brake when starting the vehicle, and should provide an opportunity for traditional, hand-brake control of

the rear axle. The system is designed to enable the driver on a hill to start without a risk of rolling back.

This article consists of two parts, the first one describes the theoretical behavior of the selected vehicle during

braking or starting on a hill, and the concept of integration of the Hill-Holder and ABS in the Fiat Panda. Im-

plementation of the Hill-Holder system with the ABS controller of the Fiat Panda may be a cheaper alternative

to the Hill Holder system of the Fiat Group combined with the ASR,

The practical section consists of design and build of the microprocessor Hill-Holder system for automobiles;

the driver consists of typical wheel speed sensor to inform the driver about actual speed, typical throttle posi-

tion sensor or the accelerator position sensor so the driver could read car driver’s intensions and let go of the

brake in the right time, inclination sensor of the vehicle body (MEMSIC's MXD2020ML) to define if the ac-

tual inclination requires the Hill-Holder brake to be activated, additional signals from the ignition switch and

brake light switch, executive motor with permanent magnets and planetary transmission, measuring systems to

control if the system is working properly. Ddriver system based on ATMEL’s microcontroller ATmega8.

__________________________________________________________________________

Henryk Banach Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

OPTYMALIZACJA SPRAWNOŚCI SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO

Z ZASTOSOWANIEM KRYTERIUM MINIMALNEGO PRĄDU STOJANA

EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR USING THE CRITERION OF MINIMAL STATOR CURRENT

Abstract: Control strategy which optimized efficiency of induction motor can function using many different

criteria. One of they is the criterion of minimal stator current. On the bases of laboratory tests as well as theo-

retical analysis it was proven that an equivalent criterion of the minimum of total losses was a criterion of the

minimal stator current. Laboratory tests were conducted with using the squirrel-cage induction motor about the

power PN =1,1 kW and the rotation speed nN =1415 rev/min. Control strategy of efficiency optimization which

use the criterion of minimal stator current would be straightest in the technical realization. Unfortunately, time

of investigation would be for minimal value of stator current enough rather long. This process would be dis-

turbed and extended by stochastic changes of supplying parameters and stochastic changes of motor load.


Barbara Górnicka, Lech Górecki Instytut Elektrotechniki, Wrocław

CHARAKTERYSTYKA ELEKTROIZOLACYJNEGO LAKIERU

NASYCAJĄCEGO O ULEPSZONYCH WŁAŚCIWOŚCIACH

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMPREGNATING VARNISH WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES

Abstract: The results of investigation under developing modern “corona resistant” impregnating varnishes are

presented. The better properties, especially improved resistance to pulse voltage coming from PWM inverter

was achieved by incorporation of nanofiller to standard polyestroimide varnish using the special elaborated

procedure. The nanocomposite varnish shows the durability under pulse voltage above 20 times longer

compared to the standard varnish and also the better bond strength, lesser water absorption and high thermal

endurance. The discussion of phenomena that appeared in the nanostructured material is also presented.

__________________________________________________________________________

Maria J. Zielińska, Wojciech G. Zieliński Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

OPRACOWANIE ALGORYTMÓW REGULACJI NAPIĘCIA

ZASILANIA WYSOKOOBROTOWYCH SILNIKÓW KLATKOWYCH CELEM ZAPEWNIENIA ZADANEGO MOMENTU KRYTYCZNEGO

LUB ROZRUCHOWEGO

DEVELOPING ALGORITHMS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE OF SQUIRREL-CAGE HIGH-SPEED MOTORS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN

THE GIVEN BREAKDOWN OR STARTING TORQUE

Abstract: Obtaining a high value of the breakdown or starting torque in an asynchronous motor is a very im-

portant issue from the point of view of improving its operational properties. These values can be determined

based on data of a typical equivalent scheme. This refers to motors without the skin effect in the cage bar or

those in which the phenomenon has been omitted.

In a high-speed motor, the phenomena of core saturation and skin effect influence the parameters of the

equivalent scheme, which are not constant values and depend on the frequency of supply voltage and the value

of the current in the bar of the rotor's cage. In consequence, an equivalent scheme valid for classic motors

should not be used for analysis of the performance of a high-speed motor.

Based on an equivalent scheme which takes into account the influence of frequency on its parameters, the ar-

ticle describes how supply voltage was selected in order to guarantee the preservation of the given breakdown

or starting torque. The calculations were made for three motors representing low, medium and high power

machines.

__________________________________________________________________________

Maria J. Zielińska, Wojciech G. Zieliński Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin

METODA WYZNACZANIA POŚLIZGOWYCH CHARAKTERYSTYK ADMITANCJI WYSOKOOBROTOWEGO SILNIKA KLATKOWEGO

A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SLIPPING CHARACTERISTICS

OF AMITTANCE OF A SQUIRREL-CAGE HIGH-SPEED MOTOR


Abstract: High speed squirrel-cage induction motors are supplied with a high frequency voltage ranging from

400 to 1500Hz. The highest frequencies, i.e., the highest rotation speeds, arise from technological needs and

are limited by manufacturing possibilities. These motors have a structure and electromagnetic properties that

differentiate them from classic machines. In particular, they are distinguished by the high frequency of supply

voltage, intensive cooling introduced to reduce the size of the motor, and closed rotor slots used to minimize

vibrations and noise.

The paper presents how slip characteristics of admittance of a squirrel-cage motor were determined on the

basis of laboratory measurements conducted with current of variable frequency. This characteristic is the

geometric locus of motor admittance with the slip ranging from ∞+ to ∞− and an assumed constant fre-

quency of supply voltage. The image of these characteristics differs considerably from a typical pie chart and

it evidences the differences in electromagnetic properties in comparison with typical induction motors.

Changes in the current in the slot causes a varying state of saturation and thus rotor leakage inductance is not

a constant parameter.

__________________________________________________________________________

Barbara Kulesz, Marcin Fice, Rafał Setlak Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

OGRANICZANIE ZUśYCIA PALIWA W MODUŁOWYM

HYBRYDOWYM UKŁADZIE NAPĘDOWYM SAMOCHODU

REDUCTION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN MODULAR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVE

Abstract: The paper describes initial stages of designing Modul Hybrid drive system. This type of drive uses

traditional electric unit consisting of battery, starter and alternator. This system, appropriately adapted, for in-

stance by increasing its overall rated power and supplementing it with novel energy control procedures, may

operate in a manner similar to hybrid car drives. A supercapacitor will be introduced as a new component, its

role is to operate as energy accumulator for IC engine start-ups. Automobile Stop & Go System in Modul Hy-

brid Drive makes it possible to switch off IC engine automatically when vehicle stops (e.g. at red light or in

traffic hold-ups) and then to switch it on quickly again. This action makes it possible to decrease fuel con-

sumption and carbon dioxide emission, particularly in towns. Results of supercapacitor performance during IC

engine start-ups are presented in this paper. Energy consumption at start-up has been calculated together with

start-up time. Magnetti Marelli-Denso E80E car starter used in Fiat Palio has been used in tests, this starter is

rated at 12 V 1,0 kW. Several tens of IC engines start-ups were conducted, with starter supplied from tradi-

tional standard lead-acid battery (Centra Futura 055 290, C20 = 55Ah); next, similar tests were run using su-

percapacitor (MAXWELL BPAK 15V 58F.).

__________________________________________________________________________

Roman Miksiewicz Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

MODELOWANIE POLOWE SILNIKÓW JEDNOFAZOWYCH Z KONDENSATOREM ROBOCZYM O PRZEŁĄCZALNYCH

UZWOJENIACH

FIELD MODELLING OF SINGLE PHASE CAPACITOR MOTOR WITH TAPPED WINDINGS

Abstract: The paper presents results of field calculations for a single phase capacitor motor with tapped stator

windings. The Sh71-2A motor magnetic circuit windings for two speeds were designed. The 2D computational

motor model was worked out and calculations of the motor transient state during starting were performed. The

quasi-static motor characteristics for two connection systems were determined. Computation results of the


starting torque as a function of the rotor position at the locked rotor are presented. The static characteristics

computed are compared with the measurement results of a prototype motor.

__________________________________________________________________________

Dukalski Piotr BOBRME Komel, Katowice

SILNIK BLDC Z MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI JAKO NAPĘD WÓZKA

INWALIDZKIEGO

BLDC MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS AS DRIVE FOR A WHEELCHAIR

Abstract: This article describes main problems of geared drives in low rating vehicles. It also shows advan-

tages and posibilities of using PM BLDC motors as gearless drives in vehicles. The considered project of a

brushless motor with permanent magnets is an example of such a solution in electrical drives. In the article

author writes about attributs of the motor and recommends it as electrical drive. The described attributes con-

cern not only electromagnetic topics but also mechanical like for example shape of the motor or the construc-

tion. The electrical motor is designed to fix inside each of the two wheelchair’s wheels. There is no gear

boxes between the motors and the wheels. The article presents problems of theoretical projecting and their

solutions and results of laboratory tests conducted on the real produced motor. Pictures of 3D model of con-

sidered BLDC motor and pictures of the real produced motor are essential part of the article.

__________________________________________________________________________

Marian Noga, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków Lesław Gołębiowski, Marek Gołębiowski, Damian Mazur Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów

AUTOTRANSFORMATOR W ZASILANIU WIELOPULSOWYCH

UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – WYBÓR UKŁADU DO BADAŃ

AUTOTRANSFORMER FEEDING MULTI PULSE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS – CHOOSING THE CIRCUIT TO STUDY

Abstract: Some uncontrolled 18-pulse rectifier circuits feeding by autotransformer were presented in this

article. Using simplified methods, excluding leakage inductance, the analysis of this circuits was carried out

considering harmonic currents and usage of autotransformer power. As it turned out, simplified results are

comparable with exact results, obtained using the simulation of the full circuit with autotransformer

inductance. The only exception were mains currents of this circuits and specially their THD coefficient. High

level of the 3rd harmonic current in the autotransformer winding shows that additional windings connected in

triangle should be used. This article is the first one out of four articles presented at this Seminar.

__________________________________________________________________________


AUTOTRANSFORMATOR W ZASILANIU WIELOPULSOWYCH UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – METODY OBLICZANIA

JEGO INDUKCYJNOŚCI PRZY ZASILANIU PRĄDOWYM


AUTOTRANSFORMER FEEDING MULTI PULSE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS – METHODS OF ITS INDUCTANCE CALCULATION AT CURRENT FEED

Abstract: Autotransformers used for feeding rectifier circuits are multi-windings and with three columns.

Rectifier simulations require leakage inductance matrix of the autotransformer. The methods of leakage

inductance calculation of the autotransformers at constant current feed was presented in this article. Method of

one 2D window cross section, two 2D windows cross section, and 3D method were discussed. These methods

require various software and they have various hardware requirements, but their results are different from each

other. This article shows that the reason for the differences among individual elements of leakage inductance

matrix, obtained using different calculation methods, are various influences from the main magnetic circuit

and differences in zero component. Influences from the main magnetic circuit in the leakage are not dangerous

for simulation, because their high values already exist in main magnetic circuit. However it is important to

improve eigenvalues of the zero components. The article shows how to improve these eigenvalues. This article

is the second one out of four articles presented at this Seminar.

__________________________________________________________________________


AUTOTRANSFORMATOR W ZASILANIU WIELOPULSOWYCH UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – METODY OBLICZANIA JEGO INDUKCYJNOŚCI PRZY ZASILANIU NAPIĘCIOWYM

AUTOTRANSFORMER FEEDING MULTI PULSE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS –

METHODS OF ITS INDUCTANCE CALCULATION AT VOLTAGE FEED

Abstract: 3D finite element method was used in this article to calculate inductance matrix of the

autotransformer, divided into eigenvectors [W] and eigenvalues [D]. The autotransformer windings were

powered by monoharmonic voltages. This method, as an equivalent of the short circuit tests, is more suitable

for calculating small values of leakage inductance. The equivalent are here the methods which are using

feeding the autotransformer windings by fixed currents (it is equivalent of the idle running tests). The

relationship between autotransformer inductance matrix and ripple was obtained. It appeared, that eigenvectors

matrix of the inductance matrix of the autotransformer is almost independent from the ripple, and its elements

are real numbers. It was treated as transformation matrix: flux linkages - windings currents flows. Relation

from the ripple of the eigenvalues of inductance matrix was synthesized by means of ladder circuits. As a

result the exact substitute diagram of the autotransformer was obtained. This article is the third one out of four

articles presented at this Seminar.

__________________________________________________________________________


AUTOTRANSFORMATOR W ZASILANIU WIELOPULSOWYCH UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – SYMULACJE I POMIARY

AUTOTRANSFORMER FEEDING MULTI PULSE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS –

SYMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Abstract: Eigenvalues and corresponding to them eigenvectors of the inductance matrix of the multi-

windings, three columns autotransformer were presented in this article. The attention was paid to the role of

these moods, especially leakage and constant component one, in autotransformer feeding 18-pulse rectifier

circuit. The influence of the windings order at the magnetic core columns on THD coefficient of the mains


currents of this circuit was presented. The measurements was taken of builded 50 kW model of the circuit, and

then they were compared with simulation results. The influence of eigenvalues of autotransformer inductance

matrix on THD coefficient of the mains currents and on the load characteristic was studied. The effect of the

6th harmonic existence in RL load voltage of the circuit was explained.

__________________________________________________________________________

Stanisław Gawron BOBRME Komel, Katowice

SILNIK KLATKOWY Z WAŁEM DRĄśONYM PRZEZNACZONY

DO ZABUDOWY W MASZYNIE TECHNOLOGICZNEJ

HOLLOW SHAFT CAGE MOTOR INTENDED FOR MACHINE ASSEMBLY IN PROCESS ENGINEERING

Abstract: Electric motor which will be assembled into any machine used in process engineering must meet

definite design and drive requirements. Issues related to design of cage induction motor to be used in machine

manufacturing of concrete pillars are discussed in this paper. We have decided to fulfill specified requirements

by designing a motor with number of pole pairs p=1, but using steel laminations designed previously for motor

with p=2 pole pairs. This conception has proved to be satisfactory, since the motor meets the technical de-

mands. Motor design and actual test parameters are set out in Table 1.

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Jerzy Bakalarczyk

PROBLEMY PRACY SILNIKÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH ZASILANYCH

Z UKŁADÓW PRZEMIENNIKOWYCH

THE PROBLEMS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS FED BY CONVERTERS SYSTEMS

Abstract: In the present time, in industry, one is using a lot of power converters systems for the work with

AC electric motor drives. They have various applications: pumps, compressors, fans, grinding machine

drives, and so on. Also in this time much of them are in household and industrial HVACs. Depending on

application, one make those drives various requirements: high level of efficiency, noiseless work, wide range

of motor speed, e.t.c.. In these systems however, important also remains phenomenon of influence of the

inverters output on theirs motors work. This paper is connected with the subject. Author of the article has

presented the problems making classifications of these phonemes and he done their analysis in further part of

this work. This paper is completed by the conclusions after analysis of above discussed phonemes.

wielopoziomowy falownik w zastosowaniu do silnika … · in the case of motor supply in the system...

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