WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) : Wireless Broadband Networks

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中山大學 電機系 許蒼嶺教授

行動通信標準演進

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Evolution of Wireless Access Technologies

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802.11n(smart antennas)802.11Mesh extns.

Loca

l Are

aF

ixed

Wid

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rea

Mob

ile

Cov

erag

e/M

obili

ty

Met

ro A

rea

Nom

adic

802.16(Fixed LOS)

802.16a/d(Fixed NLOS)

802.11b/a/g

Mobile Industry

Fixed Wireless Industry

4G Air Interfaces

Data Rates (kbps)100,000 +

3GPP2CDMA

2000-1X

HRPDA1x

EVDO

1x EVDV Rel. C

1x EVDVRel. D

GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP

MOBILE BROADBAND

DSL ExperienceDial Up

Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

802.16e(Mobile WIMAX)

WiMAX vs 3GPP 發展時程

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Operator’s Service Stack

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IMSLayer

Application services

Mobility, Policy and Administration Services

EPC

Core network

Access technologiesconnection gateways

Access Technologies

WiMAXLTEDSLAM WiFi

Devices

WiMAX Market Position

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Mobile(GSM / GPRS / 3G /HSPA /LTE)

Mobile(GSM / GPRS / 3G /HSPA /LTE)

xDSL / FTTx

xDSL / FTTx

現有無線接取技術比較

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Technical Winner

MarketWinner =

?

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WiMAX 市場現況

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Source : Ovum 2008/12

Population penetration of mobile, fixed and broadband across Asia-Pacific

WiMAX Markets in Developed Country

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Fix and Nomadic broadband access Broadband Penetration > 50%Broadband Infrastructure is Developed vs. xDSL / FTTx

No Significant Technical advantage except Nomadic

Incumbent Operator cost advantage High Initial CAPX needed

Niche Market Rural : Low ARPU Bundle Service

Triple play Killer Application ?

WiMAX is Still Looking for

Business Model

WiMAX Markets in Emerging Country

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Fix and Nomadic broadband access Broadband Penetration < 5%Broadband Infrastructure is Low vs. xDSL / FTTx

Significant CAPX advantage Significant Deploying time advantage

Demand Growing

WiMAX Opportunity ?

Markets in Emerging Country

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越南，胡志明市具備 WiMAX市場機會但卻選擇3GPP 陣營

台灣 WiMAX 產業鏈

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Source : 工研院 IEK 2010/3

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TOP5 WiMAX Vendors Strategy

Source: Ovum 2009/9

An Industry War

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3GPP 是市場主流

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IEEE std 802.16

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Standard Roadmap IEEE 802.16 - 2001 IEEE 802.16a/b/c - 2003

Amendments to 802.16-2001 IEEE 802.16 - 2004

Compatibility issue with HIPERMAN of ETSI 802.16d project Replace previous standards Fixed site access

IEEE 802.16e, 16f - 2005 (amendment) Extend to mobility MIB

IEEE 802.16g-2007(amendment) Management Plane Procedures and Services

IEEE 802.16j – 2008

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Features

Broad Bandwidth Up to 134.4Mbit/s Transit over 50KM

Typical Architecture 1 BS + n SSs PMP or MESH

Spectrums From 2 to 66 GHz NLOS and LOS

Duplexing Techniques TDD or FDD

WiMAX Forum Conformance and Interoperability

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Scope of Standard

PHY SAP

MAC SAP

CS SAP

Service-SpecificConvergence Sublayer

( MAC CS )

Common Part Sublayer ( MAC CPS )

Security Sublayer( MAC SS )

Physical Layer(PHY)

MA

CP

HY

Scheduliing ServicesQoS ParametersBandwidth Allocation

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TDMA/OFDM/OFDMA

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IEEE 802.16j-2008

One MR-BS (Multi-hop Relay - Base Station) and many RS (Relay Station)

Transparent mode Only data are relayed via RS Remove obstruction

Non-Transparent mode Expand service coverage Both signaling and data are relayed via RS Increase utilization/throughput

IEEE 802.16j WiMAX

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IEEE 802.16j Configuration

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Transparent RS

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Non-Transparent RS

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IEEE 802.16j Multi-hopTopology

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IEEE 802.16j Independent Scheduling Zones

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OFDMA Symbol and Transparent RS Frame

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OFDMA Symbol and Non-Transparent RS Frame

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Bandwidth Request: Store-and-Forward Mode

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Bandwidth Request: End-to-End Mode

Centralized vs Distributed Scheduling

Centralized Scheduling For small size of networks Only BS to do bandwidth allocations

Distributed Scheduling For networks with hops greater than 2 Both RS and BS do bandwidth allocations

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Centralized Scheduling

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Distributed Scheduling

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Modules for Distributed Scheduling in BS/RS

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Classification & Addressing

SSBSUplink

Downlink

SFIDSFID

SFIDSFID

SFID : Service Flow Identifier (32 bits)

CID : Connection Identifier (16 bits)

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Scheduling Services

Priority 802.16-2004

ServiceType

802.16e-2005

ServiceType

Typical Appcations

1st UGS UGS T1/E1 transport

VoIP without silence suppression

2nd ertPS ERT-VR VoIP with silence suppression

3rd rtPS RT-VR MPEG Video

4th nrtPS NRT-VR FTP with guaranteed minimum throughput

5th BE BE HTTP

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QoS ParamSetUGS ：Maximum LatencyTolerated JitterUplink Grant Scheduling TypeRequest/Transmission Policy

ERT-VR ：Maximum LatencyUplink Grant Scheduling TypeRequest/Transmission Policy

RT-VR ：Maximum Sustained Traffic RateMinimum Reserved Traffic RateMaximum LatencyUplink Grant Scheduling TypeRequest/Transmission Policy

NRT-VR ：Minimum Reserved Traffic RateUplink Grant Scheduling TypeRequest/Transmission Policy

BE ：Lowest traffic PriorityRequest/Transmission Policy

QoSParamSet

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Bandwidth Allocation

Uplink Packet Scheduler(802.16 Frame Maker)

CIDs &QoS-ParamSets

INPUT OUTPUT

UL-MAP

UL-MAP :Uplink Map

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Summary of MACand the undefined part of IEEE 802.16

INPUT

OUTPUT

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Modulations & Channel Size

Access Range:QPSK > QAM16 > QAM 64

Data Rate:QAM64 > QAM16 > QPSK

US

European

Uplink Mandarory

Downlink Mandarory

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Frame Durationswith TDD Frame Structure

0.5/1/2 ms

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Number of PS in 16-QAM

Frame duration = 1ms Signal (Baud) rate = 16 Mbauds/sec 4 bits in a signal (baud) using 16-QAM Ts=LT, Data rate, R = LS = 4 x16 = 64 Mbps Number of PS (Physical Slot) (64 Mbps x 1 ms) / 16 bits = 4000 Assume every PS = 16 bits