winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi ... · saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta...

saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna

proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis

warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: vladimer papavaaleqsandre rondelikaxa gogolaSvilimerab kakulia

Mentors: Vladimer PapavaAlexander RondeliKakha GogolashviliMerab Kakulia

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2014 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2014 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa ,,saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi” miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli proble-mebis daZlevaSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es meca-dineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuw-yobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb cod-nis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSrom-lobis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (ESD).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis iseTi kulturis Camoyalibe-bas, romelic iqneba angariSvaldebuli da gaiTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sfer-oSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvli-lebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndes saerTaSoriso don-eze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba xuTi wlis manZilze (2009-2014 ww.).

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service train-ing in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy docu-ments on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality.

The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its prin-cipal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program.

The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flex-ibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations.

The program is implemented during five years (2009 – 2014).

43

dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mizanSewoniloba: dasaqmebis xelSewyoba da kerZo seqtoris SesaZleblobebis

ganviTareba

nikoloz mesxiSvili

reziume

dRes qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis done mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebu-

li socialur da politikur faqtorebze, TiToeuli qveynis bunebriv-klimatur

pirobebze, qveyanaSi arsebul mecnierul-teqnikur progressa Tu warmoebis efeq-

tianobaze. Tanamedrove msoflio, kerZod ki, `evropa 2020~ strategia gamoyofs

sam mastimulirebel prioritets, rac moicavs codnasa da inovaciebze dafuZne-

buli ekonomikis ganviTarebas, resursebis efeqtian gamoyenebas, dasaqmebis xelSe-

wyobasa da socialuri Tu teritoriuli erTianobis inkluziur ganviTarebas. es

komponentebi TavisTavad aisaxeba 2020 wlis evropis ganviTarebis doneze, sadac

adamianuri faqtori, rogorc samuSao Zala, umniSvnelovanes adgils daikavebs

qveynebis inteleqtualuri, mdgradi da inkluziuri ganviTarebis procesSi. per-

sonalis profesiuli unarebis ganviTarebis miznis TvalsazrisiT, profesiuli

ganaTleba axalgazrda Taobis damsaqmebelTan damakavSirebel erT-erT ualterna-

tivo saSualebad gvevlineba, romelic warmoadgens Teoruli da praqtikuli swav-

lebis komponentebis erTobliobas da kerZo seqtorTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT

viTardeba.

saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia `saqarTvelo

2020~ aseve gansazRvravs profesiuli ganaTlebis rols, rogorc Sromis bazris

moTxovnebze orientirebuli samuSao Zalis ganviTarebis efeqtur saSualebas da

xels uwyobs saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri inkluziuri zrdis miRwevas.

dResdReobiT saqarTvelos, rogorc aRmosavleT evropis regionSi profe-

siuli ganaTlebis reformis procesSi erT-erT warmatebul qveyanas, kargad aqvs

gacnobierebuli kerZo seqtoris mniSvneloba profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis,

dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis danergvisa da ganviTarebis pro-

cesSi. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli sajaro politikis dokumenti emsaxureba adamia-

nuri resursis profesiuli unarebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas sajaro-kerZo par-

tniorobis formatSi, rac saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT profesiuli ganaTlebis

sistemaSi ganixileba, rogorc „momavlis investicia“ da qveynis socialur-ekono-

mikuri pirobebis gaumjobesebas emsaxureba.

44

Sesavali

Tanamedrove pirobebSi qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis done mniSvnelovnad

damokidebulia socialur, ekonomikur da politikur faqtorebze, TiToeuli qvey-

nis bunebriv-klimatur pirobebze, qveyanaSi arsebul mecnierul-teqnikur pro-

gressa Tu sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis efeqtianobaze. Tanamedrove msoflio,

kerZod ki, ̀ evropa 2020~ strategia gamoyofs sam mastimulirebel prioritets, rac

moicavs codnasa da inovaciebze dafuZnebuli ekonomikis ganviTarebas, resursebis

efeqtian gamoyenebas, dasaqmebis xelSewyobasa da socialuri Tu teritoriuli

erTianobis inkluziur ganviTarebas. es komponentebi TavisTavad asaxavs 2020 wlis

evropis ganviTarebis dones, sadac adamianur komponents, rogorc samuSao Zalas,

umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia evropis qveynebis inteleqtualuri, mdgradi da

inkluziuri ganviTarebis procesSi1 (European Commission, 2010a, 2010b).

saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia `saqarTvelo

2020~ aseve gansazRvravs prioritetul mimarTulebebs saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri

inkluziuri zrdis misaRwevad, rac efuZneba sainvesticio da biznesgaremos gaum-

jobesebas, inovaciisa da teqnologiebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, Sromis bazris

moTxovnebze orientirebuli samuSao Zalis ganviTarebas, socialuri uzrunvel-

yofis sistemis srulyofas da a.S. samTavrobo strategiis Sesabamisad, „saqarTve-

lo 2020“-is miznobrivi maCveneblebis miRweva SeuZlebelia kvalificiuri SromiTi

resursebis ganviTarebis gareSe, sadac profesiul ganaTlebas umniSvnelovane-

si adgili ukavia rogorc samewarmeo saqmianobis ganviTarebis, ise ekonomikuri

inkluziuri zrdisa da mdgadi ganviTarebis procesSi.

profesiuli ganaTleba, rogorc Teoruli da praqtikuli swavlebis kompo-

nentebis erToblioba, kerZo seqtorTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT viTardeba da

mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi axalgazrda Taobis damsaqmebelTan damakavSire-

bel erT-erT ualternativo saSualebad gvevlineba. rogorc cnobilia, nebismier

dargSi samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxs Sesabamisi kompetenciebis mqone adamianuri

resursi ganapirobebs, romelTa kvalifikaciac unda Seesabamebodes Sromis bazris

moTxovnebs. samuSaos Sesrulebis mniSvnelobasa da praqtikul unarebTan dakavSi-

rebiT gavixsenoT qarTuli, xalxuri, mravalsaukunovani gamonaTqvami, romelic

profesiuli unarebis mqone adamianis mier Sesrulebul samuSaos efeqtianobas

Semdegnairad gamoxatavda: „asi aTassa ajobebs, Tu gamorCeviT mqmnelia“. Taname-

drove msoflios gamocdilebac cxadyofs im faqts, rom rac ufro Seesabameba

personalis kvalifikaciis done SromiTi saqmianobis specifikasa da Sromis bazris

moTxovnebs, miT ufro maRalia personalis Sromis nayofiereba, rac adekvaturad

aisaxeba organizaciis saqmianobis efeqtianobaze.

45

saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT, personalis profesiuli unarebis ganviTare-

bis mizniT, profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi sajaro-kerZo partniorobis for-

mati miCneulia, rogorc „momavlis investicia“, romelsac mniSvnelovani sargebli

moaqvs qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis gaumjobesebisTvis. dResdReobiT

avstraliaSi 35,000 moqmedi kompania emsaxureba axalgazrdebis gadamzadebas saku-

Tar sawarmoo bazebSi, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba umuSevrobis Semcirebis, kompaniis

socialuri pasuxismgeblobis da qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis maCvenebelze. is-

toriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT qarTveli ganmanaTleblebic adekvaturad afasebd-

nen qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesSi profesiuli ganaTlebis rols. amis

TvalsaCino magaliTia ilia WavWavaZis mowodeba Tavis werilebSi: „saxelosno da

saspecialo-satexniko skolebi aucilebeli saWiroebaa da cxovelmyofeli saxsaria

Cvenis wasulis saqmis xelaxlad gamobrunebisaTvis da Cvenis Ronemileul qveynis

gaRonierebisaTvis. droa amaze vifiqroT, droa am saqmes CavkidoT xeli da, vin

icis, iqneba igi TiTo-orola groSi, romelsac calke kacni, soflebi da qalaqebi

Tu Cveni sazogado dawesebulebani imeteben, cotad Tu bevrad am saqmes mivawodoT

da movaxmaroT“.

dResdReobiT ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba qveynebis saerTaSoriso

doneze aRiarebuli warmatebuli gamocdileba, aseve mkvlevarTa naSromebi pro-

fesiuli ganaTlebis sargeblianobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZiriTadad emsaxureba sa-

zogadoebis, organizaciebisa da qveynebis interesebs. cnobili mkvlevarebi Côté,

Desjardin da Feinstein et al, TavianT naSromSi aRweren profesiuli ganaTlebis Sedegad

miRebuli sargebelis komponentebs (ix.nax.1), rac asaxavs ganaTlebisa da mokleva-

diani treningebis sargeblianobas adamianis oTxi tipis kapitalze. modeli aerTi-

anebs adamianur (codna, unarebi, kompetenciebi), socialur (bihevioristuli), kul-

turul (prezentabeluri) da identobis (fsiqologiuri) kapitalsa da maT dadebiT

gavlenas ganaTlebaSi Cadebul investiciebze.

nax. 1 profesiuli ganaTlebiT miRebuli sargebeli

46

saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, profesiuli ganaTleba, ker-

Zod ki, dualuri ganaTleba (Vocational Training Act of 1969, Germany) kargad aprobire-

buli, moqnili da efeqturi sistemaa ara marto saganmanaTleblo, aramed kerZo

seqtoris efeqtiani funqcionirebisTvis. dResdReobiT profesiuli ganaTlebiT

miRebuli sargebeli aRiarebulia ara marto germaniaSi, sadac dualur ganaTle-

bas jer kidev me-19 saukuneSi Caeyara safuZveli (kanoni „xelosanTa Sesaxeb“),

aramed rig ganviTarebul qveynebSic, maT Soris avstraliaSi, evropis mowinave

qveynebsa da amerikaSi.

rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi profesiuli ganaTlebis ganviTarebis tenden-

ciebs, kerZod ki, sasoflo-sameurneo ganaTlebis gavrcelebis mizniT jer kidev

1855 wels „soflis meurneobis kavkasiis sazogadoebis“ inicirebiT Tbilissa da

quTaisSi gaixsna e. w. saxelosno skolebi, romlebic axorcielebdnen grZelvadian

profesiul-saganmanaTleblo programebs agraruli mimarTulebiT. aqve aRsaniS-

navia sofel kondolSi SemuSavebuli meRvineobis moklevadiani saswavlo kursebi,

romelic emsaxureboda kaxeTis regionis mosaxlebis gadamzadebas. 1880 welis 28

seqtembers TbilisSi daarsda pirveli profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-

ba, romelic mTel kavkasiaSi yvelaze keTilmowyobili saganmanaTleblo dawese-

buleba iyo.

istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis

mniSvnelobaze jer kidev 1893 wels giorgi wereTeli aRniSnavda: „raica Seexeba

sameurneo da saxelosno skolebs, swored aucilebeli saWiroa da Cveni sazoga-

doebac movalea Seudges am didi saqmis ganxorcielebas gareSe wyaros aRmoCeniT~.

aseve mniSvnelovania samocdaaTian wlebSi sergei mesxis mravaljeradi mowodeba,

rac emsaxureboda mravali profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis daarsebas.

igi aRniSnavda: „Cvens soflis xalxs iseTi codna sWiria, romlis SemweobiTac imas

SeeZlos bunebis gamoyeneba da aqedan cxovrebis gaumjobeseba. am xerxs aswavlis

adamians bunebis mecniereba, meurneoba da xelosnobis Seswavla“.

dResdReobiT saqarTvelos, rogorc aRmosavleT evropis regionSi profe-

siuli ganaTlebis reformis procesSi erT-erT warmatebul qveyanas, kargad aqvs

gacnobierebuli kerZo seqtoris mniSvneloba profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis

ganviTarebis procesSi. SemuSavda da damtkicda profesiuli ganaTlebis reformis

strategia (2013-2020 wlebi), romelic iTvaliswinebs Sromis bazris moTxovnebis Se-

sabamis moqnil profesiuli-saganmanaTleblo qselis Camoyalibebas, romelic uz-

runvelyofs konkurentunariani kadrebis momzadebas, maT dasaqmebasa da karieris

mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom sajaro profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo programebis ganmaxorcielebeli dawesebulebebi intensiurad

TanamSromloben saqarTveloSi moqmed adgilobriv Tu saerTaSoriso asamde kerZo

47

kompaniasTan. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mxardaWeriT

mimdinareobs TanamSromlobiTi kavSirebis damyareba kerZo seqtorTan, romlis

farglebSic formdeba urTierTTanamSromlobis memorandumebi, rac xels uwyobs

Sromis bazris moTxovnebis Sesabamisi da konkurentunariani kvalificiuri kadris

momzadebas, profesiul-saganmanaTleblo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli praqti-

kuli komponentebis aTvisebas, warmatebuli kursdamTavrebulebis Semdgom etap-

ze dasaqmebas, profesiuli standartebis gadaxedvisa Tu axali standartis Se-

muSavebis procesSi kerZo seqtoris CarTulobas da a.S. kerZo seqtorTan amgvari

TanamSromloba uzrunvelyofs profesiuli ganaTlebis makro-(strategiuli da

politikis dokumentebis SemuSaveba), mezo-(saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis gan-

viTareba) da mikrodoneze (dainteresebul pirTa profesiuli ganviTareba) (ix. nax.

N2). profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis modernizacias, SromiTi bazris moTxovneb-

Tan miaxloebas, profesiuli ganaTlebisa da masSi CarTuli kerZo seqtoris Sesa-

xeb cnobierebis amaRlebas, profesiul studentTa motivaciis gazrdas, maTi kom-

petenciebis ganviTarebasa da profesiuli SesaZleblobebis realizebas. ix. nax.N2.

nax.N2. profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis doneebi

profesiul ganaTlebaSi arsebuli sajaro-kerZo seqtors Soris arsebuli

urTierTTanamSromlobis miuxedavad, profesiuli ganaTlebis winaSe kvlav arse-

bobs mravali gamowveva. upirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia, rom dualuri ganaTlebis

elementebis danergva saqarTveloSi jer kidev sawyis stadiazea, rac amavdrou-

lad mraval faqtorTan erTad kerZo seqtoris CarTulobis xarisxzec miuTiTebs.

winamdebare naSromis mizania SeviswavloT dualur profesiul ganaTlebaze

etapobrivi gadasvlis SesaZleblobebi da gamovavlinoT amis gansaxorcieleblad

kerZo seqtorTan TanamSromlobis procesSi saukeTeso partniorobis alterna-

tiva.

politikis dokumentze muSaobisas kvlevisaTvis gamoviyeneT rogorc raode-

nobrivi, ise Tvisebrivi kvlevis meTodebi. ganvixileT profesiul ganaTlebaSi

monawile donori organizaciebis mier mowodebuli angariSebi, Catarda saukeTeso

48

saerTaSoriso praqtikis analizi, moxda evropis qveynebSi dualuri saswavlo tu-

ris safuZvelze dagrovili gamocdilebis Sefaseba, raTa gangvesazRvra saqarTve-

los profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi dualur modelze gadasvlis xelSewyobis

meqanizmebisTvis aucilebeli resursebis xelmisawvdomoba da miznobriv jgufeb-

Tan samuSao Sevxedrebi.

problemis gansazRvra

saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis mode-

lis danergvis aucilebloba, dRevandeli realobidan gamomdinare, erTi Sexed-

viT naadrev iniciativad gvesaxeba, radgan misi efeqtiani funqcionireba moiTxovs

ganaTlebis sistemaSi kerZo seqtoris aqtiur monawileobas. dResdReobiT ki

saqarTveloSi damsaqmeblis CarTuloba profesiul ganaTlebaSi Zalze dabali

maCveneblebiT ganisazRvreba. arsebuli mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos profesi-

uli ganaTlebis sistemaSi ekonomikuri seqtoris (soflis meurneoba, mSenebloba,

transporti da a.S.), maT Soris mcire, saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis monawileo-

ba saSualod 5 %-ze dabalia (ix. diagrama N1.) maSin, roca dualuri profesiuli

ganaTlebis sistemis mqone qveynebSi, kerZod, germaniis mrewvelobis 97% Seadgens

mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebs, sadac dasaqmebulTa umetesoba dualur ga-

naTlebaSi CarTuli personalia.

bolo eqvsi aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi profesiuli ganaTlebis dualuri

sistema germanuli ekonomikis warmatebisa da nou-haus samecniero-teqnikuri gan-

viTarebis erT-erT mTavar faqtorad gadaiqca. aRniSnuli modelis elementebis

ganviTareba saTaves XII saukunidan iRebs. dResdReobiT ki yovelwliurad ger-

maniis skoladamTavrebulTa 60% dualur profesiul ganaTlebas irCevs, romlis

safuZvelzec profesiuli studentebi, profesiuli ganaTlebis kvalifikaciis

49

miniWebis paralelurad, ecnobian Tanamedrove Sromis bazris moTxovnebs da sa-

muSao gamocdilebas iReben.

germaniis Sromis da socialuri dacvis ministri ursula vonderleieni aRniS-

navs evrokavSiris im qveynebis – germaniis, Sveicariisa da avstriis _ warmate-

bul gamocdilebas, sadac axalgazrda TaobaTa umuSevrobis done yvelaze dabali

maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeba. magaliTad, zemoaRniSnul qveynebSi umuSevrobis done

daaxloebiT 8%-s Seadgens, rac espaneTTan (56%) da italiasTan (38%) SedarebiT

sagrZnoblad dabali maCvenebelia.

evropuli ganaTlebis fondis “ETF”-is kvlevis Sedegad, profesiuli gana-

Tlebis kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmeba sagrZnoblad maRalia umaRles saganmana-

Tleblo programis kursdamTavrebulebTan SedarebiT, Tumca miuxedavad aRniSnu-

lisa, umaRlesi ganaTleba mraval qveyanaSi mainc rCeba farTo sazogadoebisTvis

prioritetul ganaTlebad. nax.N3 asaxavs axalgazrdaTa umuSevrobis maCvenebels,

sadac warmodgenilia sxvadasxva qveynis magaliTi axalgazrdebis dasaqmebis donis

maCvenebelTa Sesaxeb.

nax. N3. axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis maCvenebeli

`saqarTvelo 2020~-is Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis

maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad maRalia. diagrama N2-is Sesabamisad, 2012 wlisTvis 15-19

wlis asakobrivi jgufis mozardTa dasaqmebis maCvenebelma 36,9% Seadgenda, rac

2007 welTan SedarebiT, 9.2%-iT aris gazrdili. aRniSnuli monacemebis safuZ-

velze, saqarTvelo sagrZnoblad CamorCeba aRmosavleT evropisa da centraluri

aziis regionis qveynebs.

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diagrama N2. umuSevrobis maCveneblebi asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT

rogorc mogexsenebaT, axalgazrdebis dasaqmebis maCvenebelze did gavlenas

axdens Sromis bazris moTxovnebis Sesatyvisi samuSao Zalis kvalifikaciis done

da Sesabamisi profesiuli kompetencia. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia “ETF”-is

kvlevebi, romlis mixedviT, saqarTvelo pirvel adgilzea axalgazrdebis profe-

siuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi CarTulobis yvelaze dabali maCvenebeliT. aRniSnuli

monacemi warmodgenilia diagrama 3-Si, sadac asaxulia profesiuli ganaTlebis

sistemaSi profesiul ganaTlebis miRebis msurvelTa CarTulobis maCvenebeli.

diagrama N3.

profesiul ganaTlebaSi CarTuli mozardebi (%)

umuSevrobis maCveneblebi asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT(2007-2012)

51

rogorc Cans, saqarTveloSi sazogadoebis interesi profesiuli ganaTlebis

sistemis mimarT Zalian dabalia. zemoT moyvanili statistikuri informaciis

safuZvelze da evropuli ganaTlebis fondis rekomendaciiT, qveyenam, romelic

dasaqmebis dabali maCvenebliT gamoirCeva, profesiuli ganaTlebis sistema kerZo

seqtorTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT unda ganaviTaros, rac TavisTavad Seamcirebs

dasaqmebis maZiebelTa ricxvs, im qveynebis msgavsad, sadac dualuri profesiuli

ganaTleba adekvaturad ganviTarebulia da sistema warmatebiT funqcionirebs.

saqarTveloSi profesiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis mizniT sajaro-

kerZo seqtors Soris partniorobis warmatebuli modelis SemuSaveba damokide-

bulia socialuri partniorobis/dainteresebuli mxareebis (ix. cxrili N1.) aqti-

ur monawileobaze. kerZo seqtoris gaaqtiureba da maTi profesiuli ganaTlebis

sistemaSi CarTuloba ki xels Seuwyobs dualuri ganaTlebis elementebis dan-

er-gvas, profesiuli ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebasa da kerZo investirebis

zrdis stimulirebas inkluziuri zrdisa da mdgardi ganviTarebis procesSi.

cxrili N1. profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis dainteresebuli mxare/steikholderebi

profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis dainteresebuli mxare/steikholderebi

N dainteresebuli mxare

makr

o d

one

mez

o d

one

mikr

o d

one

1moswavle, aplikanti, profesiuli studenti, studenti,

kursdamTavrebuli

2socialuri partniorebi (saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi,

damsaqmeblebi, profkavSirebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba)

3 saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi

4 donori organizaciebi

5 saerTaSoriso organizaciebi

sajaro-kerZo partniorobis kompleqsurobidan gamomdinare, sasurvelia TanamSromloba

davyoT 5 sxvadasxva doned, raTa gaumjobesdes kerZo seqtoris mizanmimarTuli CarTva

profesiuli ganaTlebis ganviTarebis procesSi. nax. N 5–ze warmodgenilia sajaro-kerZo

partniorobis ierarqiuli modeli.

52

strategiuli partnioroba – sajaro-kerZo seqtors Soris erToblivi Tanamona-

wileobiT profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis an dargobrivi centris dafuZne-

ba.

integrirebuli partnioroba _ kerZo seqtoris TanamonawileobiT profesiuli ga-

naTlebis srul ciklSi monawileoba, rac moicavs: axali kvalifikaciis damatebas, profe-

siuli standartebis SemuSavebas, profesiuli saganmanaTleblo programisa da saswavlo

masalebis SemuSavebas, materialur-teqnikuri bazis mowyobas, saxelosnoebis aRWurvas,

maswavleblebisa da profesiuli studntebis gadamzadebas sawarmoo bazaze da kvalifika-

ciis miniWebis procesSi monawileobas.

formaluri partnioroba – kerZo seqtoris TanamonawileobiT erToblivi pro-

eqtebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs kursdamTavrebulTa

dasaqmebas, profesiuli studentebis wamaxalisebel aqtivobebSi CarTvas, stipendiebiT

dajildoebas, cnobierebis amaRlebaze orientirebuli RonisZiebebis organizebas da a.S.

aRniSnul doneze iseve, rogorc IV da V doneze TanamSromloba, ZiriTadad formaluri

xasiaTisaa, rac moiTxovs sajaro-kerZo partniorebs Soris urTierTTanamSromlobis me-

morandumis gaformebas.

kompaniis personalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis formatSi partnioroba – kerZo

seqtoris adamianuri resursis kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli, organizaciis konkretul

saWiroebebze orientirebuli moklevadiani kursebis an moduluri programis uzrunvel-

yofa.

praqtikuli komponentebis formatSi partnioroba – kerZo seqtoris sawarmoo ba-

zaze saganmanaTleblo procesis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli praqtikuli komponentebis

aTvisebis xelSewyoba, profesiul studentTa staJireba da maswavlebelTa gadamzadeba.

zemoaRniSnuli sajaro-kerZo partniorobis segmentirebuli midgoma qmnis TanamSromlo-

bis mastimulirebel meqanizms da xels uwyobs dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis elemen-

tebis danergvas.

53

problemis gadaWris gzebi (alternativebi)

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT profesiuli ganaTlebis reformis strategias (2013-

2020), samTavrobo strategiis „saqarTvelo 2020“-sa da „saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris

procesebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas“, gadaudebel saWiroebas warmoadgens dualuri

profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis danergva, rac yvela Tanmdevi komponentis

etapobrivi ganviTarebis paralelurad xels Seuwyobs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze

swavla-swavlebis procesis waxalisebas, profesiuli dargebis ganviTarebasa da

dasaqmebis xelSewyobas.

profesiuli ganaTlebis reformis strategia (2013-2020) prioritetad

miiCnevs socialuri partniorebis CarTulobas profesiuli ganaTlebis siste-

mis formirebisa da ganviTarebis procesSi, romelic aseve pasuxobs samTavrobo

strategiis miznobrivi maCveneblebis miRwevas ekonomikuri inkluziuri zrdisa

da mdgradi ganviTarebis procesSi. socialuri partniorebis, kerZod ki, damsaqme-

blis profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi mizanmimarTuli monawileoba da garkveul-

wilad sistemis mimarT daintereseba ganapirobebs Sromis bazarze moTxovnasa da

miwodebas Soris arsebuli disbalansis regulirebas, rac xels Seuwyobs dua-

luri profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis danergvas da misgan miRebul sarge-

blianobas, kerZod:

•samuSao Zalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebas, adamianuri kapitalis ganviTarebas

da Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqone kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis xelSewyobis

meqanizmebis gaZlierebas, rac mniSvnelovan rols Seasrulebs inkluziuri eko-

nomikuri ganviTarebis procesSi;

•Sromis bazarze orientirebuli profesiuli kvalifikaciis, profesiuli stan-

dartebis da moqnili saganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSavebas;

•sazogadoebis yvela dainteresebuli mxarisTvis optimaluri profesiul-sa-

ganmanaTleblo qselis Seqmnasa da infrastruqturul ganviTarebas, romlis

geografiuli xelmisawvdomoba morgebuli iqneba yvela socialur jgufze, maT

Soris, inkluziuri profesiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobas ssmp ganaTlebisa da

dasaqmebis problemebis gadasaWrelad;

•sawarmoo bazaze damsaqmeblis interesebze morgebuli profesiuli ganaTlebis

maswavlebelTa momzadebisa da gadamzadebas, Tanamedrove standartebis Se-

muSavebas;

•sazogadoebis informirebulobisa da sistemis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebas,

rogorc mimzidvel saganmanaTleblo alternativasa da profesiuli, karieru-

li ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan saSualebaze;

54

•samuSao Zalis dadebiTi gavlenis mopovebas, maT SenarCunebas, gazrdil

produqtiulobasa da Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxis gaumjobesebas.

problemebis analizis nawilSi kerZo seqtoris profesiuli ganaTlebis

sistemaSi CarTvisa da dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis danergvis

xelSewyobis mizniT ganvixilavT oTx alternatiul models (ix. cxrili N2).

alternativa I _ saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis droebiTi sarge-

bloba profesiul-saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebiT

profesiul ganaTlebaSi kerZo seqtoris CarTulobisa da waxalisebis mizniT

saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qoneba uzufruqtis wesiT droebiT sarge-

blobaSi gadaecema kerZo seqtors, kerZo seqtori ki arsebul Senobas uzrun-

velyofs Sesabamisi programuli saganmanaTleblo da materialur-teqnikuri ba-

ziT. dualuri komponentis danergvis mizniT kerZo seqtors ufleba eZleva Senoba

gamoiyenos samewarmeo daniSnulebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ZiriTadi saqmianoba iqneba

swavleba, kerZod ki, saswavlo-sawarmoo komponentis aTviseba. pirveli alterna-

tivis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro seqtori, profesiul-saganmanaTleblo

programebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, uzrunvelyofs saswavlo xarjis dafarvas

(vauCeruli dafinanseba), xolo kerZo seqtori _ administraciul da komunaluri

xarjebis dafinansebas.

aRniSnuli alternativis ganxorcieleba saSualebas iZleva daarsdes axali

profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba da gaizardos saganmanaTleblo dawe-

sebulebis geografiuli xelmisawvdomoba im regionSi, sadac warmodgenilia kerZo

seqtori da arsebobs saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qoneba. unda iTqvas, rom

am alternativas aqvs uaryofiTi mxare, rac mdgomareobs saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi

arsebuli qonebis geografiuli arealis/adgilmdebareobis SeusabamobiT kerZo

seqtoris interesebTan. am garemoebam SesaZloa agreTve ganapirobos konkretul

regionSi Sesabamisi samuSao Zalis (adamianuri/administraciuli resursi) nakle-

boba.

alternativa II _ saxelmwifo da kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis integri-

rebuli sargebloba profesiul-saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebiT

sajaro da kerZo seqtori erToblivad (integritrebuli modeli), orive mxa-

re, sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis bazaze daafuZnebs profesiul-saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebas, sadac sajaro seqtori Tavis SenobaSi uzrunvelyofs Teoriuli

komponentebis ganxorcielebas (maT Soris saswavlo praqtikul komponentebs),

xolo kerZo seqtori Tavis sakuTrebaSi arsebul Senobas gamoiyenebs profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo programis sawarmoo komponentebis gansaxorcieleblad.

55

sajaro da kerZo seqtori profesiul-saganmanaTleblo programebis gan-

xorcielebas Sereuli, integrirebuli modeliT Tanabrad uzrunvelyofs, sa-

dac sajaro seqtori faravs saswavlo da administraciuli xarjebis dafarvas

(vauCeruli dafinanseba da programuli dafinanseba) Tavis dawesebulebis bazaze,

xolo kerZo seqtori Tavis sawarmoo bazaze dafaravs praqtikuli komponentebis

ganxorcielebis xarjs, administraciuli da komunaluri danaxarjebis gaTva-

liswinebiT.

meore alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, orive mxare Tavisi kom-

petenciis farglebSi Tanabrad inawilebs pasuxismgeblobas da mWidro urTierT-

TanamSromlobiT nergavs dualuri ganaTlebis elementebs. TanamSromloba efuZne-

ba axali profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis daarsebisa da geografiuli

xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas Tanabari monawileobis safuZvelze, rac xels Seuw-

yobs konkretul regionSi Sromis bazarze orientirebuli kvalificiuri kadrebis

momzadebas, rogorc profesiul-saganmanaTleblo programis gaTvaliswinebiT ise

moklevadiani kursebis ganxorcielebis saSualebiT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es

alternativa orive mxarisTvis yvelaze nakleb finansur danaxarjebs moiTxovs.

alternativa III (kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis sargebloba profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebiT)

kerZo seqtori Tavis sakuTrebaSi arsebul Senoba-nagebobaSi gamoyofs

farTs profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dasafuZneblad da moawyobs

Sesabamisi materialur-teqnikuri baziT. am alternativis safuZvelze sajaro seq-

tori uzrunvelyofs Senobis reabilitacias da arsebuli sajaro profesiul-sa-

ganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saganmanaTleblo programebiT uzrunvelyofas.

alternativa IV _ sajaro sakuTrebaSi arsebuli teritoriiT kerZo seqtoris

mier sargebloba profesiul-saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebiT

kerZo seqtori arsebul sajaro saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis terito-

riaze Tavisi saxsrebiT aaSenebs sawarmoo bazas da uzrunvelyofs materialur-

teqnikuri saSualebebiT, romelic urTierTTanamSromlobis formatSi gadaecema

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas.

alternativa III-isa da IV-is ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi sajaro profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba uzrunvelyofs Sesabamisi mimarTulebiT profe-

siul-saganmanaTleblo programebis gadacemas da programebis ganxorcielebis

mizniT saswavlo xarjs vauCeruli dafinansebis wesiT faravs, sadac adminis-

traciul da komunaluri xarjebs faravs kerZo seqtori.

56

alternatiuli modelebis matrica

cxrili N2

alt

erna

tiv

a uZravi qoneba, materialur-teqnikuri da programuli uzrunvelyofa

finansuri kontribucia

sajaro seqtori kerZo seqtori sajaro seqtori kerZo seqtori

1saxelmwifo sakuTre-baSi arsebuli Seno-bis gadacema

materialur-teqnikuri bazis mowyoba;programuli uzrunvel-yofa

saswavlo xarji (vauCeruli dafinan-seba)

administraciuli xarji; komunaluri xarji

2Senobis gamoyofa (Teoriuli komponen-tisTvis)

Senobis gamoyofa (praq-tikuli komponentisTvis)

saswavlo, adminis-traciuli, dakomunaluri xarji

administraciuli xarji;komunaluri xarji

3

Senobis reabilita-cia;programuli uzrun-velyofa

saganmanaTleblo dawe-sebulebisTvis farTis gamoyofa;materialur-teqnikuri baziT mowyoba

saswavlo xarji (vauCeruli dafinan-seba).


4programuli uzrun-velyofa

sawarmoo bazis aSeneba saganmanaTleblo dawese-bulebaSi (laboratoria);materialur-teqnikuri baza

saswavlo xarji (vauCeruli dafinan-seba)


viTvaliswinebT saqarTveloSi momdevno xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 26-mde axa-

li profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZnebis saWiroebas da mizanSe-

wonilad miviCneviT, rom 2013 wlis 28 Tebervlis #69 brZanebis safuZvelze saqar-

Tvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris mier Seqmnili axali profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis dafuZnebis saWiroebis, mizanSewonilobisa da

ganxorcielebis sakiTxebis Semswavleli komisiis mier SemuSavebuli dokumentis

safuZvelze ganvixiloT zemoaRniSnuli oTxi alternativa. rogorc aRvniSneT,

warmodgenili alternativebi emsaxureba kerZo seqtorisTvis maTTvis morgebuli

sajaro-kerZo partniorobis alternatiuli modelebis SeTavazebas dualuri pro-

fesiuli ganaTlebis danergvis mizniT, rac nebismieri alternativis danergvis

SemTxvevaSi amavdroulad ganapirobebs axali profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawe-

sebulebebis dafuZnebisTvis saxelmwifo biujetis, kerZod ki, kolejis dafuZne-

baze gaweuli danaxarjebis minimalizacias. ix. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili N3.

57

alternativebi

cxrili N3

pirveli

N

xar

jeb

i/l

ari

I wel

i

II we

li

III w

eli

pro

gram

is

ganx

or

cie

leb

is f

aza

sul

saj

aro

seq

to

ris

mie

r

gawe

ul

i xa

rj

i

ker

Zo s

eqt

or

is m

ier

ga

weu

li

xar

ji

1sareabilitacio da samSeneblo xarjebi

2171059 165000 110000 0 2446059 0 2446059

2aRWurvilobis da inventaris xarjebi

606200 370000 15000 0 991200 0 991200

3saswavlo procesis uzrunvelyofis xarjebi

293735 336865 329546 0 960146 0 1289691

4programuli dafinanseba (administraciuli da damxmare personali)

0 0 0 329400 329400 0 329400

5vauCeruli dafinanseba (maswavleblebi)

0 0 0 401940 401940 401940 0

6vauCeruli dafinanseba (samarjebi, masalebi, aRWurviloba)

0 0 0 549168 549168 549168 0

sul xarjebi 3070994 871865 454546 1280508 5677913 951108 5056350

meore

N

xar

jeb

i/l

ari

I wel

i

II we

li

III w

eli

pro

gram

is

ganx

or

cie

leb

is f

aza

sul

saj

aro

seq

to

ris

mie

r

gawe

ul

i xa

rj

i

ker

Zo s

eqt

or

is m

ier

ga

weu

li

xar

ji


2171059 165000 110000 0 2446059 1223030 1223030

2aRWurvilobisa da inventaris xarjebi

606200 370000 15000 0 991200 495600 495600


293735 336865 329546 0 960146 480073 480073

4

programuli dafinanseba (administraciuli da damxmare personali)

0 0 0 329400 329400 164700 164700


0 0 0 401940 401940 200970 200970


0 0 0 549168 549168 274584 274584

sul xarjebi 3070994 871865 454546 1280508 5677913 2838956 2838956

58

mesame

Nxa

rj

ebi/

lar

i

I wel

i

II we

li

III w

eli

pro

gram

is

ganx

or

cie

leb

is f

aza

sul

saj

aro

seq

to

ris

mie

r

gawe

ul

i xa

rj

i

ker

Zo s

eqt

or

is m

ier

ga

weu

li

xar

ji


2171059 165000 110000 0 2446059 2446059 0

2aRWurvilobisa da inventaris xarjebi

606200 370000 15000 0 991200 495600 495600


293735 336865 329546 0 960146 0 1289691

4


0 0 0 329400 329400 0 329400


0 0 0 401940 401940 401940 0


0 0 0 549168 549168 549168 0

sul xarjebi 3070994 871865 454546 1280508 5677913 3892767 2114691

meoTxe

N

xar

jeb

i/l

ari

I wel

i

II we

li

III w

eli

pro

gram

is

ganx

or

cie

leb

is f

aza

sul

saj

aro

seq

to

ris

mie

r

gawe

ul

i xa

rj

i

ker

Zo s

eqt

or

is m

ier

ga

weu

li

xar

ji


2171059 165000 110000 0 2446059 0 2446059

2aRWurvilobis da inventaris xarjebi

606200 370000 15000 0 991200 991200 0


293735 336865 329546 0 960146 666411 0

4


0 0 0 329400 329400 0 329400


0 0 0 401940 401940 401940 0


0 0 0 549168 549168 549168 0

sul xarjebi 3070994 871865 454546 1280508 5677913 2608719 2775459

59

cxrili N3-is mixedviT, axali profesiul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis

dafuZnebis danaxarjebi Seadgenda daaxloebiT 5,677.913 lars maSin, roca kerZo

seqtorTan alternatiuli TanamSromlobiTi modelebis popularizaciisa da dan-

ergvis SemTxvevaSi danaxarjebi faqtobrivad naxevrdeboda, ufro metic, pirveli

alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, kolejis dafuZnebisTvis gansazRvru-

li biujeti erTi xuTjer mcirdeba, rac Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifos

mier gaweuli danaxarjebis mkveTr minimalizacias.

rekomendaciebi

winamdebare naSromSi analizis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli oTxi alterna-

tiuli modeli Seesabameba sajaro da kerZo seqtorSi gamovlenil gansxvavebul

midgomebs, romlelTa ganxorcielebac emsaxureba sajaro-kerZo partniorobaSi

dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis elementebis danergvas. Sesabamisad, am etapze

upiratesi alternativis gamovlena gaumarTlebelia, ris gamoc mizanSewonilad

miviCnevT Semdegnairad ganvsazRvroT rekomendaciebi:

•SemuSavdes sajaro da kerZo seqtors Soris grZelvadiani mogeba-mogebaze (win-

win) orientirebuli TanamSromlobis ierarqiis sistema, romelic dualuri

sistemis elementebis danergvis procesSi partniorul modelebs gaxdis seg-

mentirebuls (proeqtze orientirebuli partnioroba, cnobierebis amaRlebaze

orientirebli TanamSromloba, dasaqmebasa da praqtikuli komponentebis aT-

visebaze orientirebuli partnioroba, grZelvadian strategiul TanamSromlo-

baze orientirebuli partnioroba da a.S.);

•kerZo seqtoris aqtiuri monawileobiT SemuSavdes dualur sistemaze morge-

buli moduluri sapilote programebi;

•moewyos modulur sistemaze morgebuli saganmanaTleblo infrastruqtura;

•dainergos garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis sistema dualuri profesiul-

saganmanaTleblo sistemis danergvis procesSi CarTuli kerZo seqtoris war-

momadgenelTaTvis;

•amoqmeddes damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi profesiul-saganmanaTleb-

lo dawesebulebebisTvis, raTa ganviTardes damsaqmebelTa interesebze morge-

buli profesiuli saganmanaTlebo servisebi;

•SemuSavdes profesiuli ganaTlebisTvis saganmanaTleblo Cixidan gamosvlis

meqanizmebi, raTa profesiuli ganaTlebis kursdamTavrebulebs SesaZleblo-

ba mieceT swavla ganagrZon ganaTlebis zeda safexurze arsebuli barierebis

gverdis avliT, rac Sesabameba dualuri ganaTlebis sistemas da profesiuli

ganaTlebis sistemas ufro mimzidvels gaxdis.

60

daskvna

adamianuri resursis profesiuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebas wamyvani

adgili ukavia rogorc „evropa 2020 strategiis“, ise samTavrobo strategiis

„saqarTvelo 2020“-sa Tu profesiuli ganaTlebis reformis strategiis (2013-

2020) mixedviT. aRniSnuli dokumentebi prioritetulad ganixilaven ganaTlebis,

dasaqmebis da qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas. sajaro politi-

kis dokumenti „dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis mizanSewoniloba:

dasaqmebis xelSewyoba da kerZo seqtoris SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba“ swored,

rom exmianeba sajaro-kerZo partniorobis alternatiuli modelebis danergvis

mizniT ara mxolod saxelmwifo xarjebis dazogvisa Tu minimalizaciis SesaZle-

blobebs, aramed kerZo seqtors SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebas da dualuri profe-

siuli ganaTlebiT miRebul sargeblianobas, rac evrokavSiris mowinave qveynebis-

Tvis ganaTlebis, dasaqmebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mTavar mamoZravebel

Zalad gadaiqca. miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare sajaro politikis dokumentis

farglebSi ganxilulia oTxi alternativa, romlebic emsaxureba sajaro-kerZo

partniorobis farglebSi dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis danergvis mniSvnelo-

bas, maT Soris yvelaze optimaluri alternativis gamoyofa ar migvaCnia mizan-

Sewonilad sxvadasxva urTierTdamakavSirebeli faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, maT

Soris: kerZo seqtoris mzadyofniTa da kvalificiuri kadris saWiroebiT, regio-

naluri ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebiT, saqarTvelos konkretul regionSi Sromis

bazris moTxovnebiT, dasaqmebis maCveneblebiT, kerZo seqtoris an adgilobrivi/

saerTaSoriso investirebiTa da a.S.

aRniSnuli sistemis farglebSi profesiuli ganaTlebisa da kerZo seqto-

ris mWidro urTierTkavSiri ki ganapirobebs Sromis bazris moTxovnebis asaxvas

profesiul-saganmanaTleblo programebSi, rac kursdamTavrebulTa profesiul

unarebs maqsimalurad moqnilsa da damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebze morgebuls xdis.

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom ganaTlebis sferoSi sajaro-kerZo partnioroba saSualebas

miscems kerZo seqtors gamoimuSaos strategiaze dafuZnebuli da konkretul mo-

qmedebebze orientirebuli grZelvadiani xedva. rekomendebulia aRniSnul for-

matSi urTierTTanamSromlobis praqtikuli gamocdileba waxalisdes sajaro seq-

toris mxridan garkveuli mastimulirebeli meqanizmebiT, rac aisaxeba qveyanaSi

ganaTlebis sistemis, dasaqmebisa Tu ekonomikur inkluziur zrdasa da mdgard

ganviTarebaze.

61

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107

Nikoloz Meskhishvili

Head of Social Partnership Support Division of Vocational Education Development Department

Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia

Usefulness of Dual Vocational Education System: Promoting Employment and Building Capacity of Private Sector

S U M M A R Y

A level of economic development heavily depends on social and political factors, natural and climatic conditions of each country, scientific and technical progress and efficiency of production in a country. The modern world, namely, Europe 2010 strategy identifies three stimulating priorities which include the economic development based on knowledge and innovations, efficient use of resources, promotion of employment and inclusive development of social or territorial integrity. These components naturally affect the level of 2020 European development in which a human factor as workforce will be central to the process of intellectual, sustainable and inclusive development of countries. For the aim of developing professional skills of personnel, we view the vocational education as one of important means of establishing links between young generation and employers; it is the entirety of theoretical and practical components of education and develops through active cooperation with the private sector.

A strategy of social and economic development of Georgia, Georgia 2020, also identifies the role of vocational education as an effective means for the development of such workforce that is oriented on market requirements; this, in turn, is conducive to the achievement of inclusive economic growth of Georgia.

Today, Georgia as one of successful countries implementing vocational education reform in the East European region is well aware of a significant role of the private sector in the vocational education system and in the process of establishing and developing elements of dual vocational education. Consequently, the mentioned public policy document serves the aim of promoting the development of vocational skills of personnel within the public-private partnership format which, as the international experience shows, is considered as the “future investment” and serves the improvement of social and economic conditions in the country.

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