windows server 2008. Справочник Администратора (Уильям Р....

William R. Stanek

AdministratorsPocket Consultant

WindowsServer 2008

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.

WindowsServer 2008

2008

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681.3.06 32.973.26018.2

76

.

76 Windows Server 2008. / . . . : ; . : -, 2008. 688 . : .

ISBN 978-5-7502-0370-3 ( ) ISBN 978-5-9775-0009-8 (-)

- Windows Server 2008. , , -. Windows Server 2008, , . Active Directory -, , -. - : , , DHCP- DNS--. , - , .

20 , - .

681.3.06 32.973.26018.2

2008-2012, Translation Russian Edition Publishers.Authorized Russian translation of the English edition of Windows Server 2008 Administrator's Pocket Consultant,ISBN 9780735624375 William R. Stanek. This translation is published and sold by permission of OReilly Media, Inc., which owns or controls all rights to publishand sell the same. 2008-2012, , -. Windows Server 2008 Administrator's Pocket Consultant, ISBN 9780735624375 William R. Stanek. OReilly Media, Inc., . 2008-2012, , , -. Microsoft, , , : http://www.microsoft.com/about/legal/en/us/IntellectualProperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx Microsoft / . . , , , , , , .

.

Windows Server 2008.

-

12.09.2008 15:33:45

................................................................................................. XVI

......................................................................................................... XVII

I Windows Server 2008 ...............1 1 Windows Server 2008 .......................... 2Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista .................................................................................2 Windows Server 2008 .......................................................................................4 ......................................................................................6

.................................................................................................6 ............................................................................................7 , ...................................8

Active Directory ............................................................................................................8 .................................................... 10 Active Directory ................................................. 11

..................................................................................................... 12DNS ................................................................................................................................................. 12WINS .............................................................................................................................................. 14LLMNR .......................................................................................................................................... 16

............................................................................................... 17Windows PowerShell .................................................................................................................. 18

2 Windows Server 2008 ........................................... 20, Windows Server 2008 ......................................... 21 Windows Server 2008 ........................................ 28 Windows Server 2008 .......................................................................................... 30

......................................................................................................................... 31 ....................................................................................................... 33 .................................................................................................................. 34

............................................... 34 .................................. 38 ............................................................. 39, , ..................................................................................... 39

, ............................................. 41 .................................................................. 42 ................................................................................................ 43 ................................................................................... 45 Windows Server 2008 ....................................... 46

3 Windows Server 2008 ................................ 48 .............................................................................................. 49 ............................................................................................................ 51 ........................................................................................ 55

Windows ................................................................................. 59 ................................................................. 60

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VI

........................................................................................... 60 ................................................................................ 63 ................................. 65 ............................................................. 66

................................................................... 69

4 , ..................................... 70 , ........................ 70

.......................................................................................................................... 71 .................................................................................................... 71 ............................................................................................. 72 ................................................................................................... 75 ............................................................................................... 76 ............................................................................ 78 ............................................................ 80

................................................................................... 81, , ......................................................................... 83 ..................................................................................................... 83 ..................................................................................... 84 .................................................................................... 86 .................................................................................. 87

.................................................................................................................... 88 .......................................................... 90 ....................................................................................... 92 .......................................................................... 94 ................................................................................................... 96 ........................................................................................ 96

................................................... 98 ? ...................................................................................... 98 ..................................................................................................... 99 (Reliability And Performance)......... 99 ................................................................................... 103 ............................................................................................ 105 ................................................................................ 110 ........................................... 111

......................................................................112 ........................................................ 112 ................................................ 114 - ....................................................... 115 ......................................................... 116

5 .............. 118 .............................................................................................................121

........................................................................................ 121 ? ............................................... 123 ? .................................................................... 123 ......................................... 124

.................................................................................125 ...................................................127

....................................................................... 127 ................................... 128 LGPO ..................................................................................................................... 130 .................................................................. 130

, ........................................131

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VII

.......................................... 131 .............................................................................. 132 .................................................................................. 134 ............................ 135 ................................................................................... 137 GPO ............................................................................................... 138 GPO ................................................................... 140 ............... 140, ......................................................... 142

.....................145 ...................................................................................... 145 ...................................... 148 ......................................... 149, ................................................... 151 ............................................... 152 ................................................................................................................ 154 ........................................ 154 ................................................................. 155 ............................................................................... 155 GPO .......................................................................................... 158 ............................................................ 159 ......................................................................... 160

....................................................................................161

........................................... 161 ................................................ 166 ...................................................................................................... 169 ........................................................................................................................... 176 ............................................................... 177

6 ...................................... 182 ........................................................................................................182

(Security Templates) (Security Configuration and Analysis) ......... 184 ................................................................. 185, ......................................... 192 .................. 196

.......................................................................................197 ......................................................................................... 198 .......................................... 203 ................................................. 203 ....................................................................... 204 .................. 204

II Windows Server 2008 ...........................................................................207

7 Active Directory .............................................. 208 Active Directory ...........................................................................................208

Active Directory DNS ........................................................................................................... 208 , .................... 209Windows Server 2008 Windows NT 4.0 ........................................................................... 210

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VIII

..........................................................................................211 ......................................................................................................................................... 211 ........................................................................................................................... 212 .......................................................................................................................... 215 ....................................................................................................................... 216

Active Directory .................................................................................217 Active Directory Windows 2000 217 .......................................................................................................... 218 ....................................................................... 221

................................................................................................................223 .................................................................................... 223 ................................................................................ 224 .......................................................... 225 Active Directory ............................................................................................ 226Active Directory LDAP ........................................................................................................ 227 .......................................................................................................... 228

8 Active Directory ........... 230 Active Directory ...........................................................................230

Active Directory ............................................................ 230 Active Directory ....................................................... 231 Active Directory ..................................................................... 232

Active Directory (Active Directory Users And Computers) ........................................................................233

Active Directory (Active Directory Users And Computers) ............................................. 233 ................................................................................ 234 .......................................................................................................... 235 ...................................................................... 236 ............................................................. 238

, .....................................244 .............................................................. 244 .................................................................... 246 ......................................... 247 ...................................................................... 248 ............................................................................... 248 ................................................................ 249 ........................................................................................ 251 .................................... 252

...........................................................................................252 ....................................................................................................... 252 .................................................. 253 .................................................................. 253 .............................................................................................. 253

..............................................................................................................253 .......................................................................................................................... 254 ................................................................................................................... 255 ........................................................... 256 ....................................................................................................... 257 ........................................................................................ 259 Active Directory .......................................................................................... 261 ADSI (ADSI Edit) ............................................................... 261 ............................................................................ 263 Active Directory ................................................................ 265

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IX

9 ...................................... 267 Windows Server 2008 ..................................................................267

................................................................................... 267 .......................................................................................... 269

...............................269 ........................................................................................... 270 ............................................................................................................. 271

...............................................276 ................................................................... 276 ..................................................... 277 ....................................................................... 279 ...................................................... 279

............................................................................................279 ............................................................................................................................... 280 ......................................................................................................... 284 Active Directory ...................................................... 285

...............................................291 .................................................................................................. 292 ................................................................................. 293

10 ........................................... 296 ......................................296

............................................................................ 296 ............................................................................. 298

..............................................................................300 ................................................................................................ 301 ......................................................... 303 Kerberos ............................................................................................... 305

..........................................................................................306 ....................................................................... 307 ........................................................................ 309

....................................................................309 .................................................................................. 310 ................................................................................ 312

................................................................................313 .............................................................................................. 314 .................................. 315

......................................................................316 ....................................................................................... 316 .................................................................................. 317 ............................ 317

11 ....... 319 ...............................................319

...................................................................................... 319 Active Directory .......................................................... 321

.................................................................322 ............................................................................................. 323 ......................................................................................................................... 324 ............................................................................................... 325

......................................326 ......................................................... 326 ..................................................................... 328

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X

VPN ..................... 329 ................................................ 331

.........................................................................333, ................................................ 333 .............. 336

.......................................340 ....................................... 341 ........................................... 342 ................................................................................... 343 ...................................................... 344 ................................................................................ 344 ....................................................................... 345

............................................................346 ................................................ 347 ............... 348 ......... 349 , ........................................................................................ 349

..................................................................350 Active Directory .................................................352

III Windows Server 2008 .......355 12 ....................... 356 (File Services) ...............................................356 ...............................................................................................362

................................................................................................................... 363 ........................................................ 364 (Disk Management) .................................................... 365 .............................................................................................................. 368 ................................................................................... 370 ....................................................................................................................... 371

.........................................................373 ............................................................ 373 ........................................................... 374 ....................................................................................................... 375 ................................................................. 377 ...................................................................................................... 377 ........................................................................... 377

.................................................................................................379 ............................................................................................... 379 ................................................................................. 380 .................................................................................................... 383

..................................................384 .................................................................................... 384 ................................................................................ 385 ................................................................................................. 386 NTFS ........................................................ 387 ............................................................................... 389 ............................................................................................ 391 ........................................................................................................ 394 ....................................................................................................... 396 ............................................................................................ 398 ........................................................... 399

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XI

............................................................... 401 .............................................................................. 402

13 RAID ............ 404 .............................................................................................................404

.................................................................................................. 405 ............................................................................................................................ 406 ........................................................................................ 411 ................................................................................................................. 411

RAID .....411 RAID Windows Server 2008 .....................................................................413

RAID 0: ............................................................................................................... 413RAID 1: ........................................................................................................ 414RAID 5: .................................................... 417

RAID .........................................................417 .................................................................. 417 .......................................... 418 .................................................. 419 ......................................................................................................... 420 ............................. 420 .............................. 420

LUN ..............................................421 SAN Fibre Channel .................................. 423 SAN iSCSI .................................................. 424 ................................................................... 425, , LUN .................................................. 425 SAN (Storage Manager For SANs) ................................................................... 426

14 ................................... 427 .................................................427 ..............................................................431

................................................................... 431 ........................................ 435 ............................................................. 437 ............................................................................................. 440 .................................................... 440 .............................................................. 441

15 , ........................................ 444 .........................................................................444 ..............................................................................448

.................................................................................................... 449 ........................................................................................................... 451 ................................................................... 454

..................................................................454 ................................................................................................. 455 ............................................................................. 455 ........................................................................... 456 ........................................... 457 .............................................................................. 458

.........................................................................................458 ............................................................................................... 458 ............................................................ 459

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XII

............................................................. 460 .................................................................... 461 .................................................................................... 462 ....................................................... 463

NFS ........................................................................................463 .........................................................................................................................465

....................................................................................... 465 ....................................................................................................... 466 ........................................................................................... 467 ................................................................... 467 ........................................................................................................ 468 ................................................................................................. 468

.......................................................................................469 ............................................................................................... 469 .................................................................................................. 470

, ......................................................470 ........................................................................................ 470 .................................................................................... 471 .......................................................................................................... 472

...............................................................................................473 .......................................................................... 473 .......................................................................... 477

..................................................................................................479 ................................................................................................... 479 ............................................................................................................. 481 ............................................................................................................................. 484 Active Directory ......................................................................................... 484

NTFS .........................................................................................................485 NTFS ............................................................................... 486 NTFS ....................................................................... 488 NTFS-................................................... 490 .......................................................................................................... 492 ....................................................................................... 493 ....................................................................................... 494 NTFS .................................................. 495 NTFS ..................................................................................... 496

............................................................................496 ............................................ 496 ........................................................................... 498 .............................................................. 500

16 ....................................... 501 ..........................................................501

............................................................................................... 501 ................................................................................................... 502 ................................................................................. 503 .............................................................................................. 504 ............................................................................................ 505 .................................................. 506 .............................................................................................. 507

: .................................................................................................508 ........................................................... 509 Windows Server..................................... 509

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XIII

.......................................................................... 512 Wbadmin ............................................................................................. 514

.................................................................................................................517 .............................................................................. 518 ................................................ 520 Wbadmin ............................................ 522 .................................................................................................. 524 .................................. 526 ............................................................................... 529 .......................................................... 530 ........................................................ 531 Active Directory ........................................................................................ 531 .......................................... 532 , , ..................... 535

........................................................................537 ........................................... 537 EFS ..................................................................... 538

...............539 .............................................................................. 540 ................................................................. 541

IV Windows Server 2008 .........543 17 TCP/IP ......................................................... 544 Windows Server 2008 ..........................................................................544 Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 .......548 TCP/IP ......................................................................................................550 TCP/IP .....................................................................................................551

IP- .................................................................................... 552 IP- ........................................... 554 ........................................................................................... 555

..........................................................................557 , ................... 557 ....................................................... 557 .......................................................................... 558

18 ....... 559 (Print Services) ..................................................559

............................................................................................. 559 .......................................................................................................................... 560 .................................................................................................. 562 ........................................... 563

(Print Management) ....................................................563 .............................................................................................................565

(Print Management) ................................................................................................................. 566 ................... 566 ................................................................................ 571 ................................................................................... 573 ..................................................................... 575 ......................................................................................... 577 .................................................................. 579 .................................... 581 ................................................................................ 582

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XIV

..............................................................................................583 .................................................. 583 Active Directory ...................................................................... 583 ................................................................................... 584 - .......... 585 ................................................................................................... 585 ............................................... 586 .................................................... 587 ................................................................ 588 ............................................................................................................. 590 .......................................................... 590

...................................................................................590 Spool NTFS ............................................... 591 ............................................................................................ 591 .......................................................................................... 592 ............................................. 592

.............................592 ............................................................................... 592 ........................................................... 593 ......................................................................................................... 593, ........... 593 ............................................................... 594 ...................................................................... 594 .............................................................. 594 ............................................................... 594

19 DHCP ........................................................... 595 DHCP .....................................................................................................................595

IPv4 ................................................................... 595 IPv6 ................................................................... 596 IP- ....................................................................................... 599 ....................................................................................................................... 600

DHCP- ....................................................................................................601 DHCP ........................................................................................... 601 DHCP ........................................................................................................ 604 DHCP-................................................................. 605 DHCP- ................................................................................... 605 DHCP- Active Directory ........................................................... 606

DHCP- ..................................................................................................606 DHCP- IP- ....................................................................................................... 606 DHCP .......................................................................................... 607 DHCP .................................................................. 607 DHCP DNS .................................................................................................... 609 DHCP NAP .................................................................................................... 610 IP- ........................................................................... 613 DHCP ................................................ 613

DHCP ...........................................................................................614 ........................................................................ 614 .............................................................................. 615

, ......................................625 ............................................................................................. 625 ......................................................................... 626

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XV

....................................................................................... 626 DHCP- ......................................................................................... 626 ................................................................................. 628 .................................................................................. 628

DHCP ....................................................628 DHCP ............................................................................................................. 629 DHCP ............................................................ 629 DHCP ...................................................................................................................... 630 DHCP .......................................................................................................... 630 ............................................................................ 631

20 DNS ........................................................................ 632 DNS ...................................................................................................................632

Active Directory DNS .................................................................................. 632 DNS ........................................................................................................................ 634

DNS- ..........................................................636 DNS- ........................................................................................................638

DNS- (DNS Server) ....................................... 639 DNS- ................................................................................... 641 DNS- ..................................................................... 643 ......................................................................................... 644 ................................................................................................ 646

DNS- ...............................................................................................647 DNS (DNS Manager) ... 648 DNS ..................................................................................... 649 DNS- ....................................................................................... 649 .......................................................................... 649 ........................................................... 649 .............................................................................................. 651

DNS- ................................................................................................651 ........................................................................... 652 DNS- CNAME ......................................................................... 653 ...................................................................................... 654 ...................................................................................................... 655 DNS- .............................................................................. 656

...........................................................657 ................................................................................... 657 ........................................................................... 659 ........................................... 660 ............................................................................................................... 661 ............................................... 661

DNS- ..................................662 IP- DNS- ........................................... 662 DNS- ......................................................... 662 ............................................ 665 DNS ........................ 665 DNS- .................................................................................................... 666

......................................................................................................... 668

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, . , , Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 - Windows Server 2008. . , Windows Vista , -, .

Windows Server 2008, , Windows Server. . . , .

Pocket Consultants ( ) . - , -. , Windows Server 2008. . , - Windows Server 2008.

, , , - . , - . , Microsoft Press, , Microsoft Press . (Karen Szall) (Denise Bankaitis) , . , . - (Martin DelRe) , .

( ), . -. , Microsoft Press , , - . - (Randall Galloway), (Curtis Philips), (Becka McKay) - (Andrea Fox).

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Windows Server 2008. 1994 65 . - , Windows Server, - . Windows Server 2008 Windows Server. , Windows Server - , Windows Vista. , Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista. , : Windows Server 2008 .

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, , - , , . -, . , , , Windows Server 2008. Windows Server 2008. , - Windows Server 2008 .

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XVIII

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Windows Server 2008 - Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise, Web Datacenter. : Windows; , -

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, - . , : , , .

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XIX

Windows. , , . - , .

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Windows Server 2008 . (Comput-er Configuration) (User Configuration) : (Policies) (Preferences). , . , , , -\\ : \ Windows (User Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates: Policy Definitions\Windows Components) - \- \ Windows (User Configuration\Administrative Templates\Win-dows Components).

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XX

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- , Windows Server (http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/), (http://support.microsoft.com) , . - (http://www.williamstanek.com/windows). - Windows Server 2008, - Windows Server 2008.

, . ( ) : http:/www.microsoft.com/mspress/support.

, Microsoft Press :

:Microsoft PressAttn: Windows Server 2008 Administrators Pocket Consultant EditorOne Microsoft WayRedmond, WA 98052-6399

:[email protected]

, - . - http://www.microsoft.com/support.

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I

Windows Server 2008

1. Windows Server 2008 .................................. 2

2. Windows Server 2008 ..................................................... 20

3. Windows Server 2008 ......................................... 48

4. , ............................................ 70

5. ..................... 118

6. ............................................. 182

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1

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 , , (), , Windows Server 2003 SP1 Windows Server 2003 Release 2. Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista, . - , , , - . , Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista.

Windows Server 2008, -, . - , - , . , , Windows Server 2008, , , -, , .

Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, -: , , ,

- , . - Windows Server 2008. -

CWL_ch_01.indd 2 12.09.2008 15:36:31

Windows Server 2008 1 3

WIM (Windows Imaging Format), , - .

- MS-DOS Windows PE 2.0 (Windows Preinstallation Environment 2.0), , -, . - Windows Pre-Boot Environment - , . Windows, Windows Vista, - .

- (User Account Control, UAC) - , - . UAC , . , -, , ( ) . - . , - , - , , . Windows Vista Windows 2008 Server

. , Windows 2008 Server Windows Vista. , -. Windows 2008 Server -, Windows Experience Index. Windows Server 2008 , , . Windows , Windows 2008 Server . , Windows 2008 Server Windows Aero (Aero Glass, Flip, 3D Flip ..), Windows, - Windows , . - .

Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 - , , UAC . Micro-soft Windows Vista. ( , -

CWL_ch_01.indd 3 12.09.2008 15:36:31

4 I Windows Server 2008

, 2008), - . Windows, - , , , , , . , - .

Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition Datacenter Edition. : Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition -

Windows Server 2003. , - . Standard Edition - (symmetric multiprocessing, SMP), 4 32- 32 64- .

Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition , Standard Edition, , , , Active Directory. , 64- , (non-uniform memory access, NUMA). Enterprise Edition 32 RAM x86 2 64- .

Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition -. , - 64 86 2 64-- . 8 ; 64 .

Windows Web Server 2008 - - - -, - . -, Microsoft .NET Framework, Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), ASP.NET, . , - Active Directory, . ,

CWL_ch_01.indd 4 12.09.2008 15:36:31


. Windows Web Server 2008 2 - 2 .

- . , - , Windows Server 2008 . , Web Server Active Directory, Windows Web Server 2008 ( Active Directory).

64- Windows. 32- , 86, 64- , 64. 64- Itanium (IA-64) Windows . Itanium - Windows Server 2008, . - IA-64 .

Windows Server 2008, - , : ; ,

; , -

, , Windows Server 2008, - , .

Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 : Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition, Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition Windows Web Server 2008. .

Windows Server 2008 (Start) :

Windows. (Start) - . (Administrative Tools)

, (Start), (Programs), - (Administrative Tools). - , (Start), (Settings) (Control Panel). -

. , -, (Start) (Computer), - .

CWL_ch_01.indd 5 12.09.2008 15:36:31


(Administrative Tools) , (Start) (Administrative Tools). -, (Start) (Control Panel).

Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 - , , - (Network and Sharing Center), (Network Map) . . 1-1 (Network and Sharing Center).

. 1-1. (Network and Sharing Center) ,

(Sharing and Discovery). , , , -, . ( ) , ( )

CWL_ch_01.indd 6 12.09.2008 15:36:32


, , , , . 15.

Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 : , -

. , - .

. .

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TCP IP , . Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, IP- IPv4 IPv6 . IPv4 32-- . IPv6 - 128- .

32- IPv4 - , , , 127.0.0.1 192.168.10.52. , 8 - 32- . IPv4- - , - . IPv4- (MAC) .

CWL_ch_01.indd 7 12.09.2008 15:36:32


128- IPv6- 16- , - . , , FEC0:0:0:02BC:FF:BECB:FE4F:961D. - IPv6- 64 , 64 . IPv6- - , : - (::). FEC0::02BC:FF:BECB:FE4F:961D. - . , FFE8:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 FFE8::1.

-, IPv4, IPv6, . . IPv6 . IP- Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 TCP/IP (Next Generation TCP/IP stack). - IPv4 IPv6.

, Windows Server 2008 , - , . . , . - , . . - , .

Active Directory

Windows Server 2008, Windows 2000 Windows Server 2003, - . - : , . - Windows NT , -, , , . , Windows NT SAM (Security Account Manger), Windows 2000 Windows Server , - (data store). ,

CWL_ch_01.indd 8 12.09.2008 15:36:32


, , , , , .

, Active Directory, - Active Directory, Windows NT. - Active Directory , . , - .

Active Directory Windows Server 2008 . - : Active Directory (Active Directory Certificate

Services, AD CS) - , . , - , AD CS -. , , . , - , , .

Active Directory (Active Directory Domain Services, AD DS) , , - . - . , -, , - . AD DS Active Directory , -, Active Directory, AD DS Active Directory.

Active Directory (Active Directory Federation Ser-vices, AD FS) - . AD FS - ( --) ( ). AD FS - , , Internet Explorer.

CWL_ch_01.indd 9 12.09.2008 15:36:32


Active Directory (Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services, AD LDS) , , AD DS - . AD LDS - , . , , , AD LDS.

Active Directory (Active Directory Rights Management Services, AD RMS) - . - , , - . AD RMS - , , - . - , . . , . , - . , , - , . - , .

Window Server 2008 , AD DS. (read-only domain controller, RODC) - , Active Directory, . RODC- , - . RODC , . RODC , .

RODC - ( - Kerberos Target), RODC - ,

CWL_ch_01.indd 10 12.09.2008 15:36:32


Windows Server 2008. RODC , , . RODC , .

RODC - - . RODC . RODC Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008 .

Active Directory

(Services) AD DS, , . AD DS, , , , Active Directory, . AD DS , - . , - - . , - .

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, - Windows 2000 Server Windows Server 2003. .

Active Directory Active Directory . - . - . , . , - -. , - . -, Active Directory (Ntds.dit)

CWL_ch_01.indd 11 12.09.2008 15:36:32


. , AD DS, , - , - .

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, , (FRS), - Kerberos (KDC) . , - , Active Directory . Active Directory, - AD DS.

Windows - . IP-, . - .

Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 : DNS, WINS LLMNR. .

DNS

DNS IP-. - , , computer84.cpandl.com, IP-, . DNS - TCP/IP WINS, DHCP - Active Directory. DHCP, 19, - IP- TCP/IP.

DNS , - ( ). , . computer84.cpandl.com computer84, cpandl com.

DNS- , -, . -

CWL_ch_01.indd 12 12.09.2008 15:36:32


, . , cpandl.com, . - -. . , jacob.hr.cpandl.com. jacob , hr cpandl.com - .

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, Active Directory. DNS Active Directory dnsZone. Active Directory, , DHCP . - , DNS Server, - . , DNS DHCP, DNS- . DNS Active Directory. DNS ,

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CWL_ch_01.indd 13 12.09.2008 15:36:32


DNS , Active Directory, - , DNS.

DNS , DNS- . DNS IP- DNS--, , .

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DNS RODC, , DNS, ForestDNSZones DomainDNSZones. RODC - , DNS-. , Active Directory, DNS- RODC -. , RODC , Active Directory. DNS RODC, - DNS-, .

WINS

WINS , IP-. , , COMPUTER84, IP--, Microsoft - . WINS Windows Windows 2000 , - NetBIOS TCP/IP, , NET. , WINS .

WINS - : WINS-- WINS-, . WINS- NetBIOS. IP- NetBIOS WINS LMHOSTS. , - Windows 2000, WINS . Windows 2000 DNS, WINS : Windows 2000 - , Windows 2000 NetBIOS-.

CWL_ch_01.indd 14 12.09.2008 15:36:33


WINS, WINS. IP- - WINS. IP- WINS-, . WINS , IP-. , WINS . -WINS-, , - IP-.

WINS, , : IP-

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. , . , - . .

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CWL_ch_01.indd 15 12.09.2008 15:36:33


H- ( ) . - , ( ) . P- , - . WINS . WINS-, Windows

P-. WINS- , - . Windows- - DNS LMHOSTS HOSTS. DNS 20.

DHCP IP-, - DHCP-. , 19. .

LLMNR

LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) - IPv4, IPv6 , DNS, WINS. WINS -, , IPv6. DNS, , , - .

LLMNR, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, IPv6 IPv4 , , , , , , - DNS-.

LLMNR DNS, -, DNS- . - NetBIOS, LLMNR WINS. - DNS , LLMNR . LLMNR , .

WINS, LLMNR , , COMPUTER84, IP-. LLMNR - Windows Vista Windows Server 2008. - LLMNR, DNS . , Widows Vista Windows Server 2008 :1. DNS-. -

, DNS-. , - LLMNR.

CWL_ch_01.indd 16 12.09.2008 15:36:33


2. UDP-, IP- - . .

3. , LLMNR , -. , - . , IP-. LLMNR .

IP-, . LLMNR, , , .

LLMNR . , -. , .

LLMNR - Window Vista Windows Server 2008. LLMNR , HKLM/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Dnscache/Parameters/EnableMulticast - . , HKLM/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/GUID_/EnableMulticast . GUID_ - GUID , LLM-NR. LLMNR, 1. LLMNR .

Windows Server 2008 -. : -

. -, , . - , . - .

- . - (Administrative Tools).

. - Windows Server 2008.

CWL_ch_01.indd 17 12.09.2008 15:36:33


. , NET,

NET HELP , , NET HELP SEND. Windows .

Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell , - cmdlet- - . PowerShell -. , :1. (Server Manager) -

(Start) - (Administrative Tools) (Server Manager).

2. (Features) (Add Features).

3. Windows PowerShell.4. (Next) (Install).

PowerShell . . PowerShell, (Start). PowerShell , , (powershell.exe) - %SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\, PowerShell, , v.1.0 v.1.1.

PowerShell, cmdlet-, , . cmdlet - . cmdlet- --. cmdlet-, . , get-variable - Windows PowerShell. cmdlet- : Get -

, , - .

Set . Enable . Disable . New , , . Remove .

CWL_ch_01.indd 18 12.09.2008 15:36:33


cmdlet-, PowerShell help *.*. , help , , help get-variable.

cmdlet- , - cmdlet-. -, PowerShell get-item path alias. - :

new-item path alias: value:

, . :

new-item path alias:sm value:c:\windows\system32\compmgmtlauncher.exe

sm . PowerShell, - sm Enter.

CWL_ch_01.indd 19 12.09.2008 15:36:33

2

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008, - . , , , - . : Windows Server

2008 Standard, Enterprise Datacenter - . , . - -. - , .

Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise Datacenter - , - . , - . , , -, . .

. - , . , - , , , , , .

CWL_ch_02.indd 20 12.09.2008 15:37:07


, Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 . , - : , -

- . , , Active Directory Domain Services, .

, . . , , DNS DHCP, , . , , Network Policy, Access Services Active Directory Certificate Services, , - .

, . , , BitLocker Drive Encryp-tion Windows PowerShell, . , . ,

MMC (Server Manager) - ServerManagerCmd.exe.

, , . - . , - , , , , , , , .

, - , - , , . - , , -. . 2-1 , Windows Server 2008.

CWL_ch_02.indd 21 12.09.2008 15:37:07


. 2-1. Windows Server 2008

DHCP- (DHCP Server)

- IP-. DHCP- IP- TCP/IP .

DNS- (DNS Server)

DNS , IP-. DNS Active Directory.

Windows SharePoint Services

, - . SharePoint , , - IIS. , ,

- (IIS) (Web Server (IIS))

- --. -, -, - , . -, -, - ASP.NET .NET Framework 3.0. - - IIS 7 - ( Information Server 7.0 Administrators Pocket Consultant)

Active Directory (Active Directory Domain Services, AD DS)

-, , , . AD -

(Application Server)

-, ASP.NET, Enterprise Ser-vices .NET Framework 3.0. , Information Server 7.0 Administrators Pocket Consultant (Microsoft Press, 2007)

Active Directory - - (Active Direc-tory Lightweight Directory Services, AD LDS)

- , AD DS . -

CWL_ch_02.indd 22 12.09.2008 15:37:07


. 2-1. ()

UDDI (Universal Descrip-tion Discovery Integration Services, UDDI)

- -, , . : UDDI (UDDI Services Database) - UDDI (UDDI Services Web Application)

(Print Services)

. : (Print Server), LPD (LPD Service) (Internet Printing)

- (Network Policy and Access Services, NPAS)

- . : (Network Policy Server, NPS), - (Routing and Remote Access Services, RRAS), - (Remote Access Service), (Routing), (Health Registration Authority) (Host Credential Authorization Protocol, HCAP)

- Windows (Windows Deploy-ment Services, WDS)

- Windows. : (Deployment Server) (Transport Server)

- Active Directory (Active Directory Certificate Services, AD CS)

- , -. : - (Certification Authority), (Certification Authority Web Enrollment), (Online Certificate Status Protocol) (Microsoft Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol, MSCEP)

(Terminal Services)

, - Windows-, - . , , -. : - (Terminal Server), (TS Licensing), (TS Session Broker), (TS Gateway) - (TS Web Access)

- Active Directory (Active Directory Rights Management Services, AD RMS)

- , , - . : Active Directory (Active Directory Rights Management Server) (Identity Federation Support)

CWL_ch_02.indd 23 12.09.2008 15:37:08


. 2-1. ()

Active Directory (Active Directory Federation Services, AD FS)

AD DS, . : - (Federation Service), - (Federation Service Proxy), - (AD FS Web Agents), , (Claims-aware Agent) Windows (Windows Token-based Agent)

(File Services)

-, . . - : (File Server), DFS (Distributed File System), DFS (DFS Namespace), DFS (DFS Replication), (File Server Resource Manager), NFS (Services for Network File System), - Windows (Windows Search Service), Windows Server 2003 (Windows Server 2003 File Services), (File Replication Service, FRS) (Indexing Service)

- (Fax Server)

. - - , , , , - .

. 2-2 , - Windows Server 2008. - Windows, . , , - Windows Server (Windows Server Backup).

CWL_ch_02.indd 24 12.09.2008 15:37:08


. 2-2. Windows Server 2008

.NET Framework 3.0 (.NET Framework 3.0)

API- .NET Framework 3.0 . : .NET Framework 3.0, XPS (XPS Viewer) WCF (Windows Communication Foundation Activation Components)

BitLocker (BitLocker Drive Encryption)

, . - TPM (Trusted Platform Module) BitLocker (BitLocker Drive Encryption) Startup Key TPM-only. -

- BITS [Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) Server Extensions)

-. BITS-, . - BITS

- - (Connection Manager Administration Kit (CMAK))

-

- (Desktop Experience)

- Windows Vista. Windows Vista Windows Media Player, Windows Photo Gallery. ,

- (Failover Clustering)

, - . , . -

- (Group Policy Management)

GPMC (Group Policy Management Console)

(Internet Printing Client)

, - HTTP -

CWL_ch_02.indd 25 12.09.2008 15:37:08


. 2-2. ()

LPR- (Line Printer Remote (LPR) Port Monitor)

LPR, - , UNIX

(Message Queuing)

. - .

- (Multipath I/O (MPIO))

,

(Network Load Balancing, NLB)

- IP, - . - -

PRNL (Peer Name Resolution Protocol, PNRP)

LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) . -, , LLMNR

(Remote Assistance)

-

(Remote Server Administration Tools, RSAT)

- Windows Server 2008. -,

(Removable Storage Manager, RSM)

(Removable Storage Manager)

RPC HTTP- (Remote Procedure Call (RPC) over HTTP Proxy)

RPC-- HTTP . RPC over HTTP - VPN-

TCP/IP (Simple TCP/IP Services)

TCP/IP, , Character Generator, Daytime, Discard, Echo Quote of the Day

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Server)

SMTP . SMTP-. - , ,Microsoft Exchange Server 2007

CWL_ch_02.indd 26 12.09.2008 15:37:08


. 2-2. ()

- SAN (Storage Manager for SANs)

SAN (Storage Manager for SANs) , (Storage Area Network, SAN). , (Logical Unit Number, LUN) - iSCSI. SAN Visual Disk Services (VDS)

UNIX- (Subsys-tem for UNIX-based Applications, SUA)

UNIX--. - -

Windows (Windows Internal Database)

SQL Server 2005 Embedded Edition. - Windows, - , , AD RMS, UDDI, WSUS (Windows Server Update Services,), Windows SharePoint - (System Resource Manager)

Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows

Windows (Windows Process Activation Service)

--, HTTP

Windows Recovery Environment

, - , -

Windows Server (Windows Server Backup)

,

(Windows System Resource Manager, WSRM)

-

WINS- (WINS Server)

WINS , - IP-. - WINS-

- (Wireless Networking)

-

CWL_ch_02.indd 27 12.09.2008 15:37:08


Windows Server 2008 - Windows Server 2008, , . Windows Server 2008, - . , , AD DS, DNS-, DHCP-, . - .

. . - . - , : Windows (Windows Logon)

; (Notepad) -

; (Regedit); (Task Manager) -

; .

, , Windows (Windows Logon). . , . , , NET USER NET LOCALGROUP - .

Windows Core Server . , , - :1. Ctrl+Shift+Esc, (Task Manager).2. (Applications)

(New Task).

CWL_ch_02.indd 28 12.09.2008 15:37:08


3. (Create New Task) - (Open) cmd OK.

cmd notepad.exe regedit.exe, (Notepad) . . , control.cpl.

Windows (Windows Logon) , Ctrl+Alt+Delete. , : , , , . . , , - .

Windows Core Server , -. , .NET Framework. .NET Framework -, , PowerShell. , , . Windows Core Server - . . 2-3 - , , .

. 2-3. Windows Core Server

Control desk.cpl

Control intl.cpl -,

Control sysdm.cpl

Control timedate.cpl ,

Cscript slmgr.vbs ato

DiskRaid.exe RAID

ipconfig /all IP

NetDom RenameComputer

OCList.exe ,

OCSetup.exe ,

PNPUtil.exe

CWL_ch_02.indd 29 12.09.2008 15:37:08


. 2-3. ()

Scregedit.wsf . /cli -

ServerWerOptin.exe Windows

SystemInfo

WEVUtil.exe

Wmic datafile where name=FullFilePath get version

Wmic nicconfig in-dex=9 call enabledhcp

IP- IP-

Wmic nicconfig index=9 call enablestatic(IPAddress), (SubnetMask)

IP-

Wmic nicconfig index=9 call setgateways(GatewayIPAddress)

Wmic product get name /value

MSI

Wmic product where name=Name call uninstall

MSI

Wmic qfe list

Wusa.exe PatchName.msu /quiet

Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 - . - Windows Server 2008, . , - Windows Server 2008, - , .

Windows Server 2008 , . , . -

CWL_ch_02.indd 30 12.09.2008 15:37:08


, Windows Server 2008 . , .

8 . 40 80 . , , . - 10% .

Windows Server 2008 :1. . , -

DVD- Windows Server 2008 , . - , . - DVD- Windows Server 2008, . , Setup.exe.

DVD- -, BIOS

2. , , . - . Windows Server 2008 , , -. , -. , (Next).

3. (Install Now), . - , , . - (Go Online to Get the Latest Updates for Installation) - (Do Not Get Latest Updates for Installation).

4. Windows Server 2008 . , (Next). - Windows (Activate

CWL_ch_02.indd 31 12.09.2008 15:37:09


Windows When Im Online), - .

Windows Server 2008 -. , , , , - Windows Server 2008. . - , .

5. , - (Select The Operating System You Want To Install) - (Next).

6. Windows Server 2008 - Windows. , - (I Accept the License Terms) (Next).

7. (Which Type Of Installation Do You Want) . -, Windows Server 2008 , ( ) (Custom (Advanced)). DVD-, Windows, . , , - , .

8. Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows) , . - . Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows), : ,

, , , . (Next), - . , - ( ).

, , .

BIOS - , -, . FAT

CWL_ch_02.indd 32 12.09.2008 15:37:09


FAT32 . , NTFS. - , (. ).

9. Windows, - , Windows.old, - . OK.

10. (Next), . - Windows Server 2008 , . - -. . , , - (Initial Configuration Tasks) , , - .

Windows Server 2008 , . , , , , , Windows.

Windows.old, - . , Windows Server 2008 - , .

:1. -

. DVD- Win-dows Server 2008. -. , Setup.exe.

2. , , , . - . Windows Server 2008 , , .

3. (Install Now). -, .

CWL_ch_02.indd 33 12.09.2008 15:37:09


4. Windows Server 2008 . , (Next). - Windows (Activate Windows When Im Online), - .

5. , - (Select The Operating System You Want To Install) - (Next).

6. Windows Server 2008 - Windows. , - (I Accept The License Terms) (Next).

7. (Which Type Of Installation Do You Want) .

8. . , . Windows Server 2008. , -, . . - , , (Initial Configuration Tasks) , , - .

, - . . , .

, MINWINPC, . Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows), Shift+F10. . 2-4, MINWINPC , Windows Server 2008.

CWL_ch_02.indd 34 12.09.2008 15:37:09


. 2-4. , MINWINPC

ARP IP- ARP

ASSOC ,

ATTRIB

CALL

CD/CHDIR

CHKDSK

CHKNTFS . ,

CHOICE ,

CLS

CMD

COLOR

CONVERT FAT NTFS

COPY

DATE

DEL

DIR

DISKPART , DISKPART

DOSKEY , Windows

ECHO ,

ENDLOCAL

ERASE

EXIT

EXPAND

FIND

FOR

FORMAT

CWL_ch_02.indd 35 12.09.2008 15:37:09


. 2-4. ()

FTYPE

GOTO Windows ,

HOSTNAME

IF

IPCONFIG TCP/IP

LABEL ,

MD/MKDIR

MORE

MOUNTVOL

MOVE

NBTSTAT NetBIOS

NET ACCOUNTS

NET COMPUTER

NET CONFIG SERVER

NET CONFIG WORKSTATION

NET CONTINUE

NET FILE

NET GROUP

NET LOCAL GROUP

NET NAME ,

NET PAUSE

NET PRINT

NET SEND

NET SESSION

NET SHARE

NET START

NET STATISTICS

CWL_ch_02.indd 36 12.09.2008 15:37:09


. 2-4. ()

NET TIME

NET USE

NET USER

NET VIEW

NETSH ,

NETSTAT

PATH

PATHPING

PAUSE

PING

POPD , PUSHD

PRINT

PROMPT Windows

PUSHD

RD/RMDIR

RECOVER

REG ADD

REG COMPARE

REG COPY

REG DELETE

REG QUERY ( )

REG RESTORE

REG SAVE ,

REGSVR32 DLL

REM

REN

CWL_ch_02.indd 37 12.09.2008 15:37:09


. 2-4. ()

SET Windows.

SETLOCAL

SFC

SHIFT

START

SUBST

TIME

TITLE

TRACERT

TYPE

VER Windows

VERIFY

VOL

, - . , , - - . ( ), , - . Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows). :1. Shift+F10, .2. diskpart.3. , list disk.4. select disk , -

, .5. , clean.6. , exit, -

DiskPart.7. exit, .8. Windows (Install Windows)

(Back), .

CWL_ch_02.indd 38 12.09.2008 15:37:10


9. (Which Type Of Installation Do You Want) ( ) (Custom (Advanced)), .

10. Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows) , -. (Disk Options), , , .

11. (New). (Size) (Apply).

Windows (Where Do You Want To Install Windows) - . , , , - .

-, :1. Windows (Where Do You

Want To Install Windows) (Load Drivers).2. , OK.

. ,

(Next). , (Browse), -

(Browse For Folder), OK. (Next).

(Rescan), . -, (Back) Windows (Install Windows), - .

, ,

(Drive Options) Windows (Where Do You Want to Install Windows), : (New) . -

. (Format) ,

.

CWL_ch_02.indd 39 12.09.2008 15:37:10


(Delete) . (Extend) -

. , .

, . , , , , -. , , . , .

, :1. Windows (Where Do You

Want To Install Windows) (Drive Options), - .

2. , , (New).

3. (Size) , - (Apply), .

. - , - . , . ( , ) , - .



2. , .3. (Format). ,

. OK, - .

, , . , , . . -, - .

CWL_ch_02.indd 40 12.09.2008 15:37:10




2. , .3. (Delete). , -

. OK, .

Windows Server 2008 8 -. , -. , . , NTFS 5.2 . , -, , - .



2. , .3. (Extend). (Size)

(Apply), .

4. , . OK, .

, , - (Server Manager). , , - .

ServerManagerCmd.exe , (Server Manager). , , , servermanagercmd query. , , , . in-stall remove, , . , , servermanagercmd install nlb. allSubFea-tures, .

CWL_ch_02.indd 41 12.09.2008 15:37:10


, - (Roles) . (Roles) (Roles Summary), - (. 2-1). -, .

(Roles) , , : . -

, , , : 6, 2 (System Services: 6 Running, 2 Stopped);

, 24 , . , 2 , 8 , 14 24 (2 error(s), 8 warning(s), 14 informational in the last 24 hours);

.

. 2-1.

CWL_ch_02.indd 42 12.09.2008 15:37:10


, - , (Action) (Refresh). -, (Configure Refresh) , OK.

-, - . 24 . (View Event Properties), . , , , . , (Stop), (Start) (Restart). , , , (Restart). 4.

(Roles) , , . (Roles Summary) .

, :1. , -

, | | - (Start | Administrative Tools | Server Manager).

2. (Roles), - (Add Roles). - . (Before You Begin), (Next). , (Skip This Page By Default).

3. (Select Server Roles) , . - , -. (Add Required Features), -. (Next).

CWL_ch_02.indd 43 12.09.2008 15:37:10


, . , - . -. Active Directory (Active Directo-ry Domain Services) . , - DCPROMO.exe (. 7). , - DNS-, Active Directory (Active Directory Domain Services), DCPROMO DNS- . Windows Core Server , FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operations) Active Directory.

4. -, - . , : ,

, . , (Add Required Role Services), - . (Cancel), .

, - , - , . , - . (Remove Dependent Role Services), , .

5. (Confirm Installation Options) , (Print, E-Mail, Or Save This Information), Internet Explorer. . - (Install), .

6. , (Installation Results). , , . - , :) Internet Explorer, -

( ) (Full Log

CWL_ch_02.indd 44 12.09.2008 15:37:10


(Troubleshooting Only)) , (Notepad).

) Ctrl+F, , (, 2009-08-30), (Find Next), .

) .

, :1. , -

, | | - (Start | Administrative Tools | Server Manager).

2. (Roles), - (Remove Roles). - . (Before You Begin), (Next). , (Skip This Page By Default).

3. (Remove Server Roles) , , (Next). , , , . (Remove Dependent Role), .

4. (Confirm Removal Selections) , - , (Remove).

5. , (Removal Results). - , , . - , -, .

, (Roles) . , , (Installed) (Not Installed). (Add Role Services) (Remove Role Services) . , . .

CWL_ch_02.indd 45 12.09.2008 15:37:11


, :1. , -

, | | - (

windows server 2008. Справочник Администратора (Уильям Р....

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