Women and Poverty Reduction

Mme. Cui YuDirector General, Women’s Development Department All-China Women’s Federation

缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕，是中国政府始终不渝的宗旨Alleviation and eradication of

poverty and the attainment of common prosperity are the

unremittent goals of Chinese Government.

帮助贫困地区妇女儿童解决温饱问题，促进贫困地区妇女儿童事业发展，

是妇联组织的一项重要任务It is an important task for women’s federations to

address the shortage of food and clothing for women and children in poor areas, and

to promote efforts in supporting them.

双学双比活动：学文化、学科技、 比发展、比贡献双学双比活动：学文化、学科技、 比发展、比贡献

encouraging women in rural areas to acquire literacy and learn practical life skills, and to compete with each other for development and achievements

妇女占多数的农村贫困人口数量从 1994 年的 8000 万下降到 2006 年底的 2148 万，减少了 5852 万

妇女占多数的农村贫困人口数量从 1994 年的 8000 万下降到 2006 年底的 2148 万，减少了 5852 万

China’s population living in poverty dominated by women has reduced by 58,520,000, from 80,000,000 in 1994 to 21,480,000 in 2006 .

一、中国制定有利于消除

妇女贫困的倾斜法律和政策

1. China formulates preferential laws and policies to help poor women out of poverty

一、中国制定有利于消除

妇女贫困的倾斜法律和政策

1. China formulates preferential laws and policies to help poor women out of poverty

《中国妇女发展纲要（ 2001—2010年）》在总目标中提出要“保障妇女获得平等的就业机会和分享经济资源的权利，提高妇女的经济地位” It was stipulated in the Development Program for Women in China (2001-2010) that women’s equal opportunities of employment and equal right to economic resources should be guaranteed to raise their economic status.

《中国妇女发展纲要（ 2001—2010年）》在总目标中提出要“保障妇女获得平等的就业机会和分享经济资源的权利，提高妇女的经济地位” It was stipulated in the Development Program for Women in China (2001-2010) that women’s equal opportunities of employment and equal right to economic resources should be guaranteed to raise their economic status.

在妇女与经济部分，又提出了“缓解贫困妇女程度、减少贫困妇女数量”的具体目标 The specific goal was set in the chapter of women and economic development to alleviate poverty of women and reduce the number of poor women.

在妇女与经济部分，又提出了“缓解贫困妇女程度、减少贫困妇女数量”的具体目标 The specific goal was set in the chapter of women and economic development to alleviate poverty of women and reduce the number of poor women.

制定减少妇女贫困的政策措施，增加贫困妇女的经济收入 Policies and measures for poor women should be made to increase women’s income.

制定减少妇女贫困的政策措施，增加贫困妇女的经济收入 Policies and measures for poor women should be made to increase women’s income.

引导和扶持农村妇女富余劳动力向非农产业转移 Surplus women labor force should be led and supported to transfer to non-agricultural sectors.

引导和扶持农村妇女富余劳动力向非农产业转移 Surplus women labor force should be led and supported to transfer to non-agricultural sectors.

国家为加强对农民工工作的研究指导，成立了农民工工作联席会议 To enhance research on and guidance over the issues of migrant workers, the government set up a joint meeting to deal with issues related to migrant workers.

国家为加强对农民工工作的研究指导，成立了农民工工作联席会议 To enhance research on and guidance over the issues of migrant workers, the government set up a joint meeting to deal with issues related to migrant workers.

全国妇联作为成员单位之一，承担了六项工作职责，即保护女工和未成年工合法权益；做好女农民转移就业服务；组织农村妇女富余劳动力参加培训；建立女农民工劳动力输出和接收基地；发挥社区妇联组织作用，为女农民工提供服务；加强宣传，营造关心女农民工的良好氛围 As one of the member agencies, All-China Women’s Federation was commissioned with six major functions, namely, protecting the legitimate rights of women workers and minor workers, managing the transfer employment of women farmers, gathering surplus women labor force in rural areas into training, establishing basis to export and receive rural women workers, gearing up community-based women federations to serve them, and advocating for a favorable climate to care about them.

全国妇联作为成员单位之一，承担了六项工作职责，即保护女工和未成年工合法权益；做好女农民转移就业服务；组织农村妇女富余劳动力参加培训；建立女农民工劳动力输出和接收基地；发挥社区妇联组织作用，为女农民工提供服务；加强宣传，营造关心女农民工的良好氛围 As one of the member agencies, All-China Women’s Federation was commissioned with six major functions, namely, protecting the legitimate rights of women workers and minor workers, managing the transfer employment of women farmers, gathering surplus women labor force in rural areas into training, establishing basis to export and receive rural women workers, gearing up community-based women federations to serve them, and advocating for a favorable climate to care about them.

按照同等优先的原则，积极支持贫困妇女参与实施扶贫项目，妇女参与人数占所有参与人数的比例不低于 40% In the principle of preference under equal conditions, poor women should be actively supported to take part in the execution of poverty reduction projects and their ratio to the total participants should be no less than 40%.

按照同等优先的原则，积极支持贫困妇女参与实施扶贫项目，妇女参与人数占所有参与人数的比例不低于 40% In the principle of preference under equal conditions, poor women should be actively supported to take part in the execution of poverty reduction projects and their ratio to the total participants should be no less than 40%.

《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》将男女平等作为一项基本原则，规定妇女与男子享有平等的土地承包经营权 The Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas was rolled out to include gender equality as a basic principle, stipulating that women enjoy the same contract right as men .

《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》将男女平等作为一项基本原则，规定妇女与男子享有平等的土地承包经营权 The Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas was rolled out to include gender equality as a basic principle, stipulating that women enjoy the same contract right as men .

二、妇联组织在政府的支持下，推动贫困妇女摆脱贫困 2. With government support, women’s organizations are helping poor women out of poverty

二、妇联组织在政府的支持下，推动贫困妇女摆脱贫困 2. With government support, women’s organizations are helping poor women out of poverty

全国妇联是中国最大的妇女团体 All-China Women’s Federation is the biggest women organization in China

全国妇联是中国最大的妇女团体 All-China Women’s Federation is the biggest women organization in China

全国妇联基本职能Ｍ ajor Functions of All-China Women’s Federation

全国妇联基本职能Ｍ ajor Functions of All-China Women’s Federation

代表和维护妇女权益促进男女平等

Represent and protect the right and interest of women, promote

gender equality

代表和维护妇女权益促进男女平等

Represent and protect the right and interest of women, promote

gender equality

有国家、省、地、县、乡 5 级，约 6 万个妇联组织 There are about 60,000 women’s organizations at

national, provincial, prefectural, county and township levels.

村级基层妇代会、妇委会 98 万个 98000 meetings of women’s representatives and women’s commission at

village level.5 万多名专职妇联干部 and over 50000 government

officials working for women

有国家、省、地、县、乡 5 级，约 6 万个妇联组织 There are about 60,000 women’s organizations at

national, provincial, prefectural, county and township levels.

村级基层妇代会、妇委会 98 万个 98000 meetings of women’s representatives and women’s commission at

village level.5 万多名专职妇联干部 and over 50000 government

officials working for women

1996 年，国务院扶贫办与全国妇联联合开展“巾帼扶贫行动”，确定了“九五”期间帮助 100 万贫困妇女脱贫的目标 In 1996, China State Leading Group Office of

Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) joined All-China Women’s Federation in launching the

Poverty-Reduction Action for Women, in which a goal was set to lift 1 million poor women out of poverty

during the period of Ninth Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

1996 年，国务院扶贫办与全国妇联联合开展“巾帼扶贫行动”，确定了“九五”期间帮助 100 万贫困妇女脱贫的目标 In 1996, China State Leading Group Office of

Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) joined All-China Women’s Federation in launching the

Poverty-Reduction Action for Women, in which a goal was set to lift 1 million poor women out of poverty

during the period of Ninth Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

巾帼扶贫行动Poverty-Reduction Action for Women

巾帼扶贫行动Poverty-Reduction Action for Women

要求各级政府把“巾帼扶贫行动”与当地的扶贫攻坚计划统筹安排、整体推进 It required governments at all levels to integrate the Action into local plans for

poverty reduction

要求各级政府把“巾帼扶贫行动”与当地的扶贫攻坚计划统筹安排、整体推进 It required governments at all levels to integrate the Action into local plans for

poverty reduction

要求各级妇联兴办投资少、见效快、与解决温饱直接相关的“巾帼扶贫”项目It required women’s federations at all

levels to initiate projects with low cost and fast effect that directly solve the problem of

food and clothing for poor women

要求各级妇联兴办投资少、见效快、与解决温饱直接相关的“巾帼扶贫”项目It required women’s federations at all

levels to initiate projects with low cost and fast effect that directly solve the problem of

food and clothing for poor women

要求各级扶贫部门对妇联申报的项目，在同等情况下给予优先安排

It required poverty reduction agencies at all levels to give preferential treatment

under equal conditions to projects applied by women’s federations

要求各级扶贫部门对妇联申报的项目，在同等情况下给予优先安排

It required poverty reduction agencies at all levels to give preferential treatment

under equal conditions to projects applied by women’s federations

要求整合各方面力量开展对贫困地区妇女的培训，提高贫困妇女的自我发展、摆

脱贫困的能力 It required that all relevant resources

should be channeled to provide training for women, so as to raise their capability of

self-development and getting out of poverty

要求整合各方面力量开展对贫困地区妇女的培训，提高贫困妇女的自我发展、摆

脱贫困的能力 It required that all relevant resources

should be channeled to provide training for women, so as to raise their capability of

self-development and getting out of poverty

（一）采取多项措施， 帮助妇女脱贫致富1.1 A diversity of measures to help women out of poverty

（一）采取多项措施， 帮助妇女脱贫致富1.1 A diversity of measures to help women out of poverty

一是开展教育培训，提高妇女脱贫能力Frist, education and training to

enhance their capability to get out of poverty.

一是开展教育培训，提高妇女脱贫能力Frist, education and training to

enhance their capability to get out of poverty.

妇女扶贫开发工作推进会

七部委文件Papers issued by the seven ministries and commissions of Chinese Government

保证妇女参加培训者比例占到全体培训者的 40%以上Ensure the proportion of women in the whole trainees above 40%.

各地妇联创办 15 万所农村妇女学校Branches of the Federation throughout China set up more than 150 thousand schools targeting rural women

创建 20 余万个各级各类农林科技 示范基地，带动贫困妇女脱贫致富More than 200,000 demonstrative centers of agricultural technology have been established, playing a leading role in helping women out of poverty through applying technology

在农业生产中，妇女参加农业劳动的比例达73.4%。A survey done by ACWF shows that 73.4% of rural women participate in agricultural activities .

在农业生产中，妇女参加农业劳动的比例达73.4%。A survey done by ACWF shows that 73.4% of rural women participate in agricultural activities .

在家庭经济收入中，妇女个人创造的收入占家庭收入的近一半。Income generated by women accounts for nearly half of the family income.

在家庭经济收入中，妇女个人创造的收入占家庭收入的近一半。Income generated by women accounts for nearly half of the family income.

在家庭经济管理中，八成以上由妇女单独或与丈夫共同管理 。In more than 80% of the families women manage family economic affairs by themselves or together with their husbands.

在家庭经济管理中，八成以上由妇女单独或与丈夫共同管理 。In more than 80% of the families women manage family economic affairs by themselves or together with their husbands.

78.6% 的妇女参加村委会选举投票It is also shown that 78.6% of rural women vote in the village committee election

近半数妇女愿意参加村委会干部竞选Nearly half of the women are willing to run for place in

the committee

60%以上的农村妇女有幸福感，80% 的妇女对未来生活有信心60% some rural women said that they are happy about their life and 80% of the rural women are confident and positive about their future.

60%以上的农村妇女有幸福感，80% 的妇女对未来生活有信心60% some rural women said that they are happy about their life and 80% of the rural women are confident and positive about their future.

二是依托项目带动，

加快妇女脱贫步伐II. Helping women out of poverty

through projects.

二是依托项目带动，

加快妇女脱贫步伐II. Helping women out of poverty

through projects.

为解决项目、资金、技能对贫困妇女脱贫的制约，全国妇联和各地妇联组织从妇女实际出发，结合当地经济发展条件，积极争取政府扶持，多方筹措资金，建立健全工作机制、规范项目运作方式，不断创新扶贫模式。

为解决项目、资金、技能对贫困妇女脱贫的制约，全国妇联和各地妇联组织从妇女实际出发，结合当地经济发展条件，积极争取政府扶持，多方筹措资金，建立健全工作机制、规范项目运作方式，不断创新扶贫模式。

Lack of projects, finance and skills among poor rural women presents a serious restriction to their efforts of shaking off poverty. In order to address this problem, ACWF and women’s federations at all levels work actively to obtain support from the government and raise money from all sources to develop projects based on local realities.

Lack of projects, finance and skills among poor rural women presents a serious restriction to their efforts of shaking off poverty. In order to address this problem, ACWF and women’s federations at all levels work actively to obtain support from the government and raise money from all sources to develop projects based on local realities.

小额信贷作为一种扶贫资金直接到户的扶贫方式，对消除农村和城市低收入阶层的贫困具有重要的作用。 Meanwhile efforts are also made to improve projects management and create new models of poverty-reduction.

小额信贷作为一种扶贫资金直接到户的扶贫方式，对消除农村和城市低收入阶层的贫困具有重要的作用。 Meanwhile efforts are also made to improve projects management and create new models of poverty-reduction.

目前，全国已有28 个省区市妇联实施规模不等的小额信贷项目 At present, micro-credit projects of various forms and sizes have been carried out in

28 provinces .

目前，全国已有28 个省区市妇联实施规模不等的小额信贷项目 At present, micro-credit projects of various forms and sizes have been carried out in

28 provinces .

越来越多的贫困妇女成为小额信贷项目的直接参与者和受益者 autonomous regions and municipalities, with more and more poor women becoming participants and beneficiaries.

越来越多的贫困妇女成为小额信贷项目的直接参与者和受益者 autonomous regions and municipalities, with more and more poor women becoming participants and beneficiaries.

内蒙古赤峰市妇联连续6 年争取扶贫项目，为 8500 多个家庭提供小额信贷资金 2880 万元，户均增收 1435元，还款率为 100%Chifeng City Women’s Federation has been implementing a UNDP poverty-reduction project for 6 years, which provided 28.8 million RMB yuan of micro-credit to 8500 poor families, with a 100% pay-back rate and an average income increase of 1,435 RMB yuan per family.

内蒙古赤峰市妇联连续6 年争取扶贫项目，为 8500 多个家庭提供小额信贷资金 2880 万元，户均增收 1435元，还款率为 100%Chifeng City Women’s Federation has been implementing a UNDP poverty-reduction project for 6 years, which provided 28.8 million RMB yuan of micro-credit to 8500 poor families, with a 100% pay-back rate and an average income increase of 1,435 RMB yuan per family.

三是提高组织化程度，

提升妇女脱贫质量 III. Getting organized to improve the

quality of poverty-reduction

三是提高组织化程度，

提升妇女脱贫质量 III. Getting organized to improve the

quality of poverty-reduction

目前，全国有各种规模和类型的农村妇女专业技术协会 5 万多个

At present, there are more than 50,000 business technological associations

全国有农村妇女专业合作社近万个 Nearly 10,000 cooperative groups of various

sizes in various forms for rural women throughout the country.

四是加强区域合作，

拓宽妇女扶贫领域 Ⅳ. Strengthening regional cooperation and expanding fields of poverty- alleviation for women

四是加强区域合作，

拓宽妇女扶贫领域 Ⅳ. Strengthening regional cooperation and expanding fields of poverty- alleviation for women

对口帮扶、定点扶贫

Setting up partnership between the richer ones and the poorer ones

五是动员社会力量，

关爱贫困地区妇女儿童Ⅴ.Mobilize all walks of life into caring

for women and children in poor areas.

五是动员社会力量，

关爱贫困地区妇女儿童Ⅴ.Mobilize all walks of life into caring

for women and children in poor areas.

母亲水窖The Water Cellar for Mothers project has raised 170 million RMB yuan and built 100,000 rainwater-collecting wells and 1,100 small water-supply projects in 23 provinces, autonomous regions in northwestern China, an area known for its lack of water.

母亲水窖The Water Cellar for Mothers project has raised 170 million RMB yuan and built 100,000 rainwater-collecting wells and 1,100 small water-supply projects in 23 provinces, autonomous regions in northwestern China, an area known for its lack of water.

2003 年以来，全国妇联向以西部为主的贫困地区发出“母亲健康快车” 413辆

Since 2003, ACWF has sent 413 vans to the western poor provinces through the “Health Express for Mothers” project.

2003 年以来，全国妇联向以西部为主的贫困地区发出“母亲健康快车” 413辆

Since 2003, ACWF has sent 413 vans to the western poor provinces through the “Health Express for Mothers” project.

近 874 万人从 “母亲健康快车” 中受益 So far, 8,740,000 some people have benefited from the project.

近 874 万人从 “母亲健康快车” 中受益 So far, 8,740,000 some people have benefited from the project.

全国妇联 1989 年发起了“春蕾计划” ACWF launched Spring Bud project in 1989. 全国妇联 1989 年发起了“春蕾计划” ACWF launched Spring Bud project in 1989.

截止到 2006 年底，共募集资金 6亿多元，救助贫困失学女童 170 多万人次，培训妇女和大龄女童 41.6 万人次 By the end of 2006, ACWF has raised 600 million RMB yuan, sponsored 1.7 million girl dropouts to return to school, and trained 416,000 women and adolescent girls on practical life skills.

截止到 2006 年底，共募集资金 6亿多元，救助贫困失学女童 170 多万人次，培训妇女和大龄女童 41.6 万人次 By the end of 2006, ACWF has raised 600 million RMB yuan, sponsored 1.7 million girl dropouts to return to school, and trained 416,000 women and adolescent girls on practical life skills.

截至目前，全国妇联已筹措 2800 多万元社会援助资金，用于解决三峡和金沙江库区移民妇女饮水难、就业难和贫困女童上学难问题 So far, the Federation has pooled 28 million RMB of social donations to address the problems of water, employment and girl schooling in Three Gorges Reservoir areas and Jinshajiang River Reservoir areas.

截至目前，全国妇联已筹措 2800 多万元社会援助资金，用于解决三峡和金沙江库区移民妇女饮水难、就业难和贫困女童上学难问题 So far, the Federation has pooled 28 million RMB of social donations to address the problems of water, employment and girl schooling in Three Gorges Reservoir areas and Jinshajiang River Reservoir areas.

（二）通过多种方式， 帮助贫困妇女转移致富1.2 Transfer poor women labor force by various means

（二）通过多种方式， 帮助贫困妇女转移致富1.2 Transfer poor women labor force by various means

各级妇联通过八种方式促进各级妇联通过八种方式促进农村妇女劳动力转移就业农村妇女劳动力转移就业

Women’s federations have summarized 8 most effective ways of women labor transfer:

立足市场，按需培训定向转移Market is the key and training should be

organized according to needs in the labor market;

主动服务，指导妇女有序转移 Reach out to the women to help them migrate in an

orderly way rather than waiting for them to come to us;

开发项目，拓宽渠道就地转移 Develop local projects and explore local labor transfer

打造品牌，提升质量优势转移build our service band and improve the quality

and effectiveness of labor migration

区域协作，互利双赢联动转移carry out regional cooperation to achieve

win-win labor transfer

强化维权，以人为本稳定转移Prioritize the rights of the rural women to

ensure human-centered labor transfer

培树典型，宣传表彰引导转移Use role models in publicity and labor transfer guidance.

加强扶持，返乡创业带动转移Provide support to those who return to hometown

to start their business after working in other cities

三、困难与问题

3. Difficulties and Problems

三、困难与问题

3. Difficulties and Problems

文化程度低文化程度低First, low First, low qualification. qualification.

“ “ 缺资金”是农村妇女生产缺资金”是农村妇女生产中的最大困难中的最大困难Second, lack of finance, the biggest Second, lack of finance, the biggest problem for women engaged in problem for women engaged in agricultural production. agricultural production.

缺少“实用技术”和“懂技术的实用缺少“实用技术”和“懂技术的实用人才”是制约农村妇女致富的瓶颈人才”是制约农村妇女致富的瓶颈 Third, lack of practical technique and talents who Third, lack of practical technique and talents who master techniques, a bottleneck constraining rural master techniques, a bottleneck constraining rural women from getting rich.women from getting rich.

““ 实用信息服务”是农村妇女最希望得到的实用信息服务”是农村妇女最希望得到的帮助帮助 Fourth, lack of information Fourth, lack of information services, the support much wanted services, the support much wanted

by rural women.by rural women.

四、对策与建议

4. Countermeasure and

Recommendations

四、对策与建议

4. Countermeasure and

Recommendations

1 、发挥政府主导作用，进一步强化对农村妇女的教育培训。

4.1 The leadership of government should be put to

play to increase training for rural women.

2 、围绕国家实施扶贫开发、西部大开发、中部崛起、振兴东北老工业

基地等战略，制定具体措施

4.2 Specific measures should be drafted taking into consideration of the context that the government is proceeding

with poverty reduction campaign, western development, middle rise and revitalization of old industrial basis in the

northeast.

3 、落实国家关于新农村建设的政策，切实将惠农支农的金融政策惠及

农村妇女。4.3 Government policies of constructing new

villages should be put in place to benefit rural women with pro-farmer financial policies.

4．制定倾斜政策，多渠道扶持农村妇女富余劳动力转移就业。

4.4 Preferential policies should be drawn to support women labor transfer by various channels.

5．维护妇女合法权益，稳妥推进农村合作医疗、养老保险的改革。

4.5 Legitimate rights of women should be protected, complimented by the reforms to rural

cooperative medical services and pension insurance.

6 、进一步发挥妇联组织在建设新农村和构建和谐社会中的积极作用。

4.6 The roles of women’s federations should be expanded in the construction of new village and a

harmonious society.

全国妇联将一如既往，团结动员广大妇女积极投身扶贫开发实践，帮助更多的贫困妇女告别贫困，走向富裕，

告别愚昧，走向文明。All-China Women’s Federation will as usual organize women

actively into the practice of poverty reduction, help more poor women out of poverty and make the way to prosperity and civilization, leaving ignorance and blindness far behind.