workshop report to fisheries and oceans...
TRANSCRIPT
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program (PCRDA) March 30, 2010
FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON March 8‐9, 2010 Biodôme de Montréal, Montréal, Québec
Interprovincial Partnership for Sustainable Freshwater Aquaculture Development Inc.
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON ORGANIZING COMMITTEE & PARTNERS Organizers: Dr Nathalie Le François (Biodôme de Montréal) Dr Grant Vandenberg (Université Laval) Dr Marie‐Hélène Deschamps (Université Laval) Mr Jonathan Alix (Biodôme de Montréal) Partners: Inter‐Provincial Partnership (IPSFAD) Inc. Dép des sciences animales, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec QC, G1V 0A6 Target Marine Products 7333 Sechelt Inlet Road, Sechelt, BC, V0N 3A4 Mr Justin Henry : Tel: 604‐885‐4688 Supreme Sturgeon & Caviar Ltd, 181 Mealey Rd, Pennfield, NB, E5H 1T3 Mr William E. Hogans, Tel: 506‐456‐2456 Québec Caviar 9 rue Saint‐Maurice, Saint‐Jean‐sur‐Richelieu, Québec, J3B 3Y3 Mr David Farley
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON INTRODUCTION – RATIONALE FOR THE WORKSHOP In Canada, sturgeon has been ranked as the second most preferred species for targeted development in the freshwater aquaculture sector. The main product, caviar, is one of the most valuable fish products in the world; despite the recent development in aquaculture production the demand over the next 20 years is far from being met by current availability. Since 1997, the production of two species (shortnose and white sturgeons) in BC and NB has revealed many positive commercial aspects (e.g., extreme disease resistance; no antibiotics; good adaptation to culture techniques; land based recirculation systems, unlimited site potential, etc.). Although sturgeon have been highly ranked during the species diversification consultations, the expansion of this industry is however difficult. This is because sexual maturation (and caviar production) requires significant time, resulting in significant risk and the resulting lack of financial backing to support the 5‐6 year startup investment (before seeing a return). An ideal production system would grow females only thus maximizing profit per production unit. However, the lack of known sexual dimorphism prevents the selection of females early during production, and requires additional infrastructure to grow out both males and females until the valuable female fish can be identified and the males discarded. R&D for improvement of sturgeon culture must develop effective and noninvasive methods for early sex identification. Yet, sexing is assessed with a variety of invasive (direct inspection of the gonads; biopsy samples; endoscopy) and noninvasive techniques (sonography). However, these methods that can only be used on large individuals, are time‐consuming, causing injury or stress to the fish and/or not efficient to differentiate between immature male and female. Novel techniques based on plasma hormones gene expression, biometry and comparative proteomics analysis have also been assessed, but are still far from being applied in the industry. The development of noninvasive techniques for early sex identification in sturgeon has not only the promise of great economic value for current commercial aquaculture and its future expansion, but also potential to be extremely useful in the protection and restoration of the remaining wild stocks. Determining gender, in giving accurate biological information on the sex ratio within a population, is particularly important for understanding population dynamics and successful management. The current proposal seeks funding to bring together national and international experts in order to organize R&D efforts to address specific problems related to the need for reproductive technologies in sturgeon. We are working with a consortium of all of the current Canadian caviar producers as industry partners to assist in the identification of precise R&D issues and will work with them to develop specific R&D initiatives with academic partners. We want to identify major gaps related to reproductive technology in sturgeon and target R&D efforts and groups to address identified needs. The workshop has for specific objectives:
To review the current available methods (advantages and disadvantages) in regard to all aspects (morphology, physiology, reproduction) of sex differentiation in sturgeons
To target preferred methods that could be useful for the aquaculture industry as well as for wild stock managers.
To identify the R&D necessary to put in practice the target methods and its commercialization in industry as well as uses in wild stock management.
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON PURPOSE & OBJECTIVES Identify major gaps related to reproductive technology in sturgeon and target R&D efforts and groups to address identified needs.
To review the current available methods (advantages and disadvantages) in regard to all aspects (morphology, physiology, reproduction) of sex differentiation in sturgeons
To target preferred methods that could be useful for the aquaculture industry as well as for wild stock managers.
To identify the R&D necessary to put in practice the target methods and its commercialization in industry as well as uses in wild stock management.
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON DETAILED AGENDA MARCH 8, 2010 8:30 Welcome (Rachel Léger) Objectives of the meeting (Le François (Chair)/Vandenberg (Cochair))
Purpose of the meeting Objectives of the meeting Review of Agenda
8:45 Farming and aquaculture industry issues (Litvak)
Reared species (white sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon) Broodstock management and hatchery operations On‐growing to market size R&D needs regarding reproductive technologies
9:45 Break 10:00 Sturgeon producer perspectives
Sturgeon culture on the East coast (Breau/Hogans) Sturgeon culture in BC (Henry) Challenges for sturgeon culture startup in Quebec (Alix/Farley)
11:00 Sturgeon Management: Past and Present (Van Eenennaam)
Brief History Conservation Programs (Kootenia White Sturgeon, Lake Winnebago Sturgeon) Conservation & Aquaculture Specialized Techniques (sex identification, broodstock management)
Aquaculture (History of California White Sturgeon, Caviar Production Issues) 12:00 Wrapup of morning discussion 12:30 Lunch 13:30 Reproduction and Sex differentiation in Sturgeon (Würtz)
Physiology Genetics Environment
14:15 Workshop plan (workshop facilitator, Le François) 14:30 Dr. Richard Cloutier & Tillman Benfey (phone bridge)
14:45 Targeted Species, Techniques and Practices On which species consideration must first be given (white sturgeon, green sturgeon, lake sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon)?
At which stage of development sex differentiation should be assessed? 15:15 Break 15:30 Review of the current methods and practices (advantages and disadvantages)
regarding sex differentiation for sturgeon Inspection of the gonads; biopsy samples; endoscopy; sonography; plasma hormones; gene expression; biometry; comparative proteomics analysis; etc.
Costs and technical feasibility in aquaculture and in field studies Life stage limits of differentiation between male and female
17:00 Visit of the Montréal Biodôme installations MARCH 9, 2010 8:30 Review of topics and ideas debated during DAY 1 (workshop facilitator, Vandenberg) 9:00 White sturgeon recovery initiatives in BC (Powell) 9:30 Research and development priorities
Identification of RDC gaps Identification of RDC specific projects Hypotheses, Objectives, methods RDC teams Commercialization opportuinities
10:00 Funding
Aquaculture NSERC Strategic & RDC – Sylvain Langlois AIMAP – MPO ‐ Amanda Mielke ACRDP – MPO ‐ John Martell Provincial funding Industry contribution Others
Conservation WWF Canada Provincial Waterpower Associations Regional Conservation Societies Conservation Trust Funds International Centre For Sturgeon Studies Others
11:00 Elaboration of an Action Plan
Commitments and responsibilities Reporting and follow‐up
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON PARTICIPANTS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS Joel Van Eenennaam (in person) Department of Animal Science, University of California‐Davis, USA [email protected]
Sven Würtz (in person) Center for Marine Aquaculture, University Kiel, Büsum, Germany sveno@igb‐berlin.de
CANADIAN RESEARCHERS Nathalie Le François (chair, in person) Biodôme de Montréal/Université du Québec à Rimouski [email protected] Grant Vandenberg (cochair, in person), Université Laval [email protected] Marie Hélène Deschamps (organizing committee, in person), Université Laval [email protected] Matthew Litvak (in person) University of New Brunswick [email protected]
Tillman Benfey (phone bridge) University of New Brunswick [email protected] Jim Powell (in person) Freshwater fisheries society of British Colombia [email protected] Stéphane Masson (in person) Aquarium de Québec [email protected] Richard Cloutier (phone bridge), Université du Québec à Rimouski [email protected]
INDUSTRY Eric Boucher (in person) Inter‐Provincial Partnership (IPSFAD) Inc. [email protected] Justin Henry (in person) Target Marine Products [email protected] William E. Hogans (in person) Supreme Sturgeon & Caviar Ltd [email protected]
William D. Robertson (in person) Huntsman Marine Sciences Centre [email protected] David Farley (in person) Québec Caviar [email protected] Stéphanie Houle (in person) SORDAC [email protected]
GOVERNMENT Amanda Mielke (in person) Innovation and Sector Strategies Unit, DFO amanda.mielke@dfo‐mpo.gc.ca John Martell (in person) Aquaculture Science Branch, DFO D.John.Martell@dfo‐mpo.gc.ca Sylvain Langlois (in person) NSERC, Program Officer sylvain.langlois@nserc‐crsng.gc.ca
Pierre Dubé (in person) MAPAQ [email protected] Jonathan Alix (organizing committee, in person) Biodôme de Montréal [email protected]
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS (POWERPOINT) FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES & PRODUCER PERSPECTIVES Sturgeon for culture in Canada Matthew Litvak 72 slides; 9 pages Appendix 1
Sturgeon culture in BC JUSTIN HENRY 12 slides, 2 pages Appendix 2
STURGEON MANAGEMENT Sturgeon management: past & present JOEL VAN EENENNAAM 56 slides; 10 pages Appendix 3
White sturgeon recovery initiatives in BC JIM POWELL 36 slides; 6 pages Appendix 4
REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON Challenges in sturgeon reproduction SVEN WÜRTZ 42 slides; 7 pages Appendix 5
Sex control & reproductive biology of shortnose sturgeon TILLMAN BENFEY 5 slides; 1 page Appendix 6
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON MAJOR IDENTIFIED ISSUES (AS IDENTIFIED BY SPEAKERS) LITVAK
Need a technique to assess readiness. Need to produce all female populations Need to differentiate farmed from wild for market access
HOGAN S
Need a technique to assess readiness. Need a proper sturgeon diet that gets the energetic right –induces puberty but does not result in fat accumulation later. Seems to be impacting egg colour (?)
Need to a consistent market for the products HENRY
Need access to technology transfer (equipment, techniques, training) that will stimulate maturation.
Need readiness assessment that are non invasive Need proper diets for the different stages Need access to genetic material to create hybridization
VAN EENENNAAM
Need a reliable non invasive readiness assessment tool Need to deal with the “Soft Egg” syndrome (may be a nutrition issue) Need proper diets for the different stages. Have issues with fat accumulation around ovaries.
WUERTZ
Need an acceptable method to induce maturation. Hormonal injection is well tested but is illegal in the EU. Market access issue
Need to understand the environmental stress factors. Recirculation systems may be resulting in endocrine disruption. Further, the EU does not allow recirculation under the new definition of “organic production”.
Need proper diets for the different stages. Fatty acid profiles may have a bigger role to play than previously thought.
WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FROM CULTURE TO CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STURGEON GENERAL DISCUSSION & PRIORITIZATION RESULTS GENERAL DISCUSSION
Sperm cryopreservation allows for using rearing space for all females. The technique has not been consistent to date.
Production lots of all female fish will be a critical success factor going forward. The information about world caviar production is unreliable. Market access issues are affecting North American producers.
Hybrids are interesting from a meat production perspective. Not aware of hybrid caviar production.
PRIORITIZATION RESULTS A follow‐up discussion was undertaken to request industry a number of major problems faced by the industry, which was followed by an exercise of ranking using a paired comparison approach (matrix provided by Daniel Stechey). Paired comparison analysis provides a systematic, organized way to evaluate and prioritize the various alternative species presented for review. By combining the objectivity of mathematics with the subjectivity of intuition, the process is a simple method to evaluate criteria that may be otherwise difficult to assess. It is a robust means to comparatively evaluate ‘apples and oranges’ that results in the generation of a uni‐dimensional scale providing the rank order of the species as well as a total score that provides an indication of the relative value of each species.
Comparative analysis of RDC issues for sturgeon culture
Issue Rank*
Induce onset of puberty 2 Early sex determination 1 Impact of recirculation on reproduction 3 Policies related to access to seed 6 Variation in caviar quality/yield 3 Stess effects on vitellogen 7 Evaluation of lake sturgeon 9 Impact of feed on reproduction /caviar quality 5 Sperm cryopreservation 7
*2 sets of scores were considered tied NEXT STEPS
The main outstanding research and development requirements identified will be revisited and evaluated by a broader audience and action items will be developed looking ahead over the next five years of furthered industry development.
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 2
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 3
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 4
25 26
27 28
29 30
31 32
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 5
33 34
35 36
37 38
39 40
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 6
41 42
43 44
45 46
47 48
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 7
49 50
51 52
53 54
55 56
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 8
57 58
59 60
61 62
63 64
APPENDIX 1 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA FARMING & AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ISSUES STURGEON FOR CULTURE IN CANADA (MATTHEW LITVAK) PAGE 9
65 66
67 68
69 70
71 72
APPENDIX 2 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON PRODUCER PERSPECTIVES STURGEON CULTURE IN BC (JUSTIN HENRY) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
APPENDIX 2 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON PRODUCER PERSPECTIVES STURGEON CULTURE IN BC (JUSTIN HENRY) PAGE 2
7 8
9 10
11 12
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 2
7 8
9 10
11 12
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 3
13 14
15 16
17 18
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 4
19 20
21 22
23 24
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 5
25 26
27 28
29 30
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 6
31 32
33 34
35 36
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 7
37 38
39 40
41 42
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 8
43 44
45 46
47 48
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 9
49 50
51 52
53 54
APPENDIX 3 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT: PAST & PRESENT (JOEL VAN EENENNAAM) PAGE 10
55 56
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 2
7 8
9 10
11 12
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 3
13 14
15 16
17 18
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 4
19 20
21 22
23 24
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 5
25 26
27 28
29 30
APPENDIX 4 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA STURGEON MANAGEMENT WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVES IN BC (JIM POWELL) PAGE 6
31 32
33 34
35 36
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5 6
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 2
7 8
9 10
11 12
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 3
13 14
15 16
17 18
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 4
19 20
21 22
23 24
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 5
25 26
27 28
29 30
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 6
30 32
33 34
35 36
APPENDIX 5 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON CHALLENGES IN STURGEON REPRODUCTION (SVEN WÜRTZ) PAGE 7
37 38
39 40
41 42
APPENDIX 6 WORKSHOP REPORT to FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA REPRODUCTION & SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN STURGEON SEX CONTROL & REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SHORTNOSE STURGEON (TILLMAN BENFEY) PAGE 1
1 2
3 4
5