World War II

World War IIRise of DictatorsStalins Soviet UnionEconomic PlansHuge collective farmsStarvation & rationingPushed industrialization moreReign of TerrorPurges removed enemies & undesirablesShow trials always guiltyMillions killed or put in camps

Fascism in ItalyBenito Mussolinis Fascist PartyAppointed Prime MinisterSuspended electionsBegan conquests Ethiopia

Hitlers Rise to PowerServed in WWI injuredHated Versailles Treaty

Nazi PartyNational Socialist German Workers PartyNov. 1923 3000 followers tried to overthrowFail, jailedWrote Mein KampfWanted German HomelandAryan Race Blonde hair/blue eyes

Hitler Becomes Chancellor1932 made by HindenburgSuspended free speech and pressBrown shirts Nazi thugs quiet opposition1934 Pres too = Der Fuhrer

Rearms and ExpandsSecretly began rearmingBuilt autobahnArmy began taking over landAllied with Italy = Axis Powers

Spanish Civil WarSeveral parties fought for powerNationalist lead by Gen. FrancoDictatorshipGermany helped Franco

Europe Goes to WarInvasion of PolandHitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact9/1/39 Hitler invades Poland9/3 UK & France declare warGerman blitzkrieg lightening warFast, concentrated air and land attack

War in the WestPoland fell, war stoppedSitzkrieg sit down warMaginot Line French fortification line

France Falls4/9/40 Attack Denmark & NorwayWent around Maginot6/22 France surrenders to GermanyVichy France Nazi controlBottom - Gen de Gaulle & resistanceAllies France, UK, USA

Battle of BritainLuftwaffe attacks LondonRoyal Air Force (RAF) attacks BerlinHeavy bombing, much death, destructionBritain hid in subwayKids shipped to countryside

Japan Builds an EmpireGrowing Military Power1920s recession Military began influencing politicsInvaded and took Manchuria from ChinaPuppet State

War Against China1937 invaded ChinaRape of Nanjing 100,000 killedUS wanted Japan to stopUK helped China fight back1940 Japan joined Axis

US Chooses Neutrality1930s Neutrality ActsPrevented trade with countries at warEurope and Asia fell to warUS watched

Americas Involvement GrowsRevised Neutrality ActsGave aid to UK and FranceMost wanted all aid short of warFDR wins 3rd electionLend-Lease = send aid now, get back later

Japan Attacks!!!Sunday, December 7, 1941 @ 7am Radar saw planes Dont worryAfter 3 hours2400 killed200 planes destroyed18 warships sunk12/8 US declares war

US MobilizationSelective Training and Service Act16 million called GIs Government Issue25,000 NA code talkersTuskegee Airmen All AA units350,000 women

The War EconomyOffice of War MobilizationStopped consumer goodsStarted war goodsFord B-24 bombersPaid by taxes and bonds

Daily LifeShortage of consumer goodsFood stamps & rationingFood needed for troopsVictory GardensSpent money on other thingsBaseball, music, movies

Americans Join InUS & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic20 U-Boats = Wolf PackSunk 175 ships in June 1942

North AfricaFeb 1941Hitler sends Gen. Rommel Desert FoxUS Gen Eisenhower fought backNazi lost in 1943

ItalyUS invaded Italy next under Gen. PattonMussolini arrested, new gov. setNazi pushed out by April 1945

Soviet UnionGerman blitzkrieg & LuftwaffeNazi began to take overStalin called for help, US didBattle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942)Red Army took advantage of winterLosses: Germany 33,000, Red 1 million

Allied Air WarRAFs carpet bombing 3000 planes1000s of civilians killed

Invasion of Western EuropeOperation Overlord by Gen. MarshallD-Day June 6, 1944Ships, planes attack Normandy, FranceAble to liberate FranceBattle of the BulgeSmall US units took West Europe

War EndsSoviets fought to Berlin in 1945Hitler refuses to leave cityUnderground bunker with wifeSuicide April 30thGermany surrenders May 8thVE Day

Yalta ConferenceFeb 1945Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinSplit Germany in 4Berlin too (deep in USSR)Stalin promised to end war with JapanDidnt keep promise

The HolocaustAryans Germanic PeopleSemites Middle Eastern/JewsAnti-Semitism hatred of JewsHitler believed in Aryan superiority

Persecution in Germany1933 Anti-Semitism became law33-45 6 million Jews killedOther groups (6 mil) suffered too

Nazi PoliciesJews lost citizenship, fired, sell businessDefine Jew 3 of 4 grandparentsSarah and IsraelForced to wear Star of David

KristallnachtMost Jews believed they would endureNovember 9, 1938SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, templesNight of Broken GlassForced to ghettos

EinsatzgruppenMobile killing squads in RussiaJews and Communists dug own gravesShot by Nazi soldiersWannsee Conference 1942Wanted Final Solution

Death Camps Part 1Zyklon B pesticideShower rooms that expelled gas6 camps in Poland became Death CampsUsed cattle trains to move people

Death Camps Part 2Auschwitz & Dachau = worst2 lines Work or DieGas Chamber -> furnaceAlive shaved, tattoo, work

Death Camps Part 3Hard work, little food, disease, brutalityTorture and medical experiments12,000 gassed a day

A) High-Altitude Experiments B) Freezing Experiments C) Malaria Experiments D) Lost (Mustard) Gas Experiments E) Sulfanilamide Experiments F) Bone, Muscle, and Nerve Regeneration and Bone Transplantation Experiments G) Sea-Water Experiments H) Epidemic Jaundice Experiments I) Sterilization Experiments J) Spotted Fever (Fleckfieber) Experiments K) Experiments with Poison L) Incendiary Bomb Experiments36Rebellion, Rescue, & LiberationSome Jews fought backWorked for a momentUS knew in 1942 did nothingTroops found camps in 1945Photographed everything!No idea what they were seeing

Nuremberg Trials24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against humanity12 got deathIsrael still finding and trying Nazi criminals

War in the PacificJapan took over much of East AsiaPOWs tortured, marched for daysShip battles, many attacksFought on islands Island hoppingKamikazes suicide planesJapanese in US put in internment camps

Iwo Jima and OkinawaTwo major battlesIwo Jima 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honorFamous flag pictureOkinawa huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes50,000 dead

Manhattan ProjectTo develop atomic bombTruman made decision to drop to save lives8/6/45 1st bomb on Hiroshima80,000 killed, 90% of city leveledAugust 14th Japan surrenders