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THE SECOND INTERNATIONALPART II

VOL. III-2L

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A HISTORY OF SOCIALIST THOUGHT: Volume III,PartU

THE SECOI\DINTERNATIONALrBBg-rgr+

BYG. D. H. COLE

LONDONMACMILLAN g CO LTDNEw YoRK . sr MAnrtN's PRESS

r963

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Thic book is copyright in all countries whichare signatories to the Benrc Comtentionr;,st eit;on t95oRey'titted 196o, 1963

MACMILLAN AND COMPANY LIMITEDSt. Martin,s Street London WC zalso Bombay Calcutta Madras Milbourn"THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA LII\{ITEDToronto

ST MARTIN,S PRESS INCNew Yorh

CONTENTSPART IITun PnrNcrpAL CHARACTERS

CHAP.XII. AusrnreAppendix to Chapter XII :XIII. HuNcenv

XIV. Tno BarreNs

5r9Theodor Hertzka 559566586

6o8

7097+47758zz8S:88s9099r593094t977

IOIIro23

PAGEvll

(r) General. (e) Bulgaria. (3) Rumania.(4) Serbia. (5) Greece. (6) Turkey andArmeniaXV. SwtrzBnr-aNoXVI. Bnrcruu: Tur SocreL DEMocRArrcSrerruernXVII. Holr,euoXVIII. SceNurNevre AND FTNLAND(r) Denmark. (z) Sweden. (s) Norway.(4) Finland

6r76s6668

xIx.xx.xxl.XXII.XXIII.xxIv.xxv.XXVI.xxvlI.XXVIII.

IrelvSparuTsr UNrtEo SrerBs: CexeoeLetrN AurnrcA: THE MnxrceN RevorurroxLenoun eNo SocterrsM rN AusrRALrANEw ZreraNoSourn ArnrceCnrNe: SUN Yer SsNJerasColclusror.r. Rrronvr ewo RnvolurroNBrst.rocnepHvINpnx or NeunsINorx

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

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THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS[]Ncm-s, r8zo-r8951'[,avnov, r8z3-r9oo 2W. LrnsxNBcnt, 18z6-19oo'for-stot, r8z8-r9rol,oNcur-r, r833-r9or[Monnrs, r834-1896] 3llmrl, r84o-r9r3'Vetlr.eNT, r84o-r9r5 2Mer-oN, r84r-r893 2Gnrur-rcn, r84z-t925[I{vNorreN, r84z'rgztl'[I{noro:rrtN, t84z-rgzrl sLArencur, r84z-rgtrMrrHerr.ovsrv, r84z-tgo4Ant, Lennror-l, r843-r9o4llnoussn, t844-r9rzI)eNIu-soN, r844-19r8StNGnn, r844-19rrGursor, t845-r9zz'MnuntNG, r846-1919NrruwBxHurs, r 846-1919Sonrr, t847-r9zz' Axrr,noo, r85o-r925BrnNstrrN, r85o-r932Icr-rsras, r85o-r945Lrorroun, r85o-r947VouMAn, r85o-tgzzBt-ATcnrono, r85r-r943Zllsvrl.cn, r85r-r9r9 2V. Aor-nn, r85z-r9r8Cosre, r85z-r9roDr LroN, t85z-tgr42

CHAP.REtr.[CuwNINcnalrr Gneneu,185z-19361 2 -StnrNIex, r85z-r895 I[Mer,atnsre, 1853-1932] 3 -[Bax, r854-r9z6] 3Keursrv, r8s+-r938 " 5,6Dres, 1855-1926' ztANsrnlr, 1856-1938 16BontnaNo, 1856-1943 16HenoIr, 1856-1915 3, 4MaNN, 1856-1941 3,4Snaw, 1856-195o 3,4PlrxHeNov, r857-19r8' g, roTunert, r857-rg3z t9ZrrrrN, 1857-1933 6HonsoN, 1858-194o +B. Wrrr, 1858-1943 3, 4BunNs, r859-r94r ' 3,4CHavrproN, 1859-1928 3Jaunts, r859-rgr4 7,8LeNsnunv, r85g-r94o +MtllnneNo, 1859-1943 7S. WrBe, 1859-1947 3,4BneNrrNc, 186o-1925 18Poucrt, 186o-193z 8Tnoustna, 186o-193o 17W. LeNu, 186r-1917 23LrcrrN, 186r-19zo 6BnrANo, 186z-193z 7,8Devro, 1863-193o 6Haasr, 1863-1919 6HoNonnsoN, 1863-1935 4

Volumes I and II.a Discussed in Volume II.vii

CHAP,REF.

92d f,:5167r8:

9r97I6

7,85,6t7895

2065

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' Discussed in'z Also discussed in Volume II.

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SOCIALIST THOUGHTSNowoEN, r864-tg37ScnrrorrreNrrr, r 865-1 939MacooNalo, r866tg37VaNonnler.pr, r 866-1 938SUN Yer Sw, 1866-19z5Werrs, r866-ry46Pulourrrn, r867-rgorPrlsuosKl, r867-1935Gonxr, r868-1936CoNNor.r.v, r87o-r916KnesrN, r87o-tgz6LrNrN, r87o-rgz4

LuxxunuRc, r87o*r919K. LrmrNrcur,r87r-tgrgMEnnHrIvr, r87t-rgz5BocoANov, r873-tgz8MAnrov, r873-t923FneNx, r874-rgr4Gnrrrunrurs, fi74-rgz3A. Tnoues, fi78-ry32Jounaux, r87g-r953Tnorsry, t87g-rg4oO. Baurn, r88r-r935

CHAP.REF.3,463'4r6z648

IT

6, rr8

IO9, ro

6888

9, rot2

CHAP.REF.6, rr

IO4IO9, ro

CHAPTER XIIAUSTRIA

T N the Second International the Austrian Socialists, led byI Victor Adler, held a position of high importance and respect.I The Austrians were in many respects a model party: boththeir enthusiasm and their discipline were high ; their relationswith the Trade Unions were mainly satisfactory; they had notrouble at all with dissident factions of Left or Right - thoughthey had plenty of difficulties over the question of nationalities.They were, moreover, a highly educated party ; their principalnewspaper, Arbeiter Zeitung, was justly celebrated for its un-compromisingly high standards; their cultural activities wereat once widespread and intense; and they had shown greattenacity and courage in pursuing their aims under the tryingand complicated conditions of the multi-national State, orEmpire, within which they had to live.

For their own part, the Austrian Socialists were very proudof their part] i and the greatest source of their pride was itsinternationalism. They liked to think of it, and to call it, a'Little International' within the wider International to which itwas attached. They pointed with high satisfaction to its successin holding together the Socialists of all the national groups ofwhich the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or rather the Austrianpart of it, was composed. Within the party, as within GreaterAustria, there were Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Italians,Ruthenes - representatives of all the medley of peoples subjectto Austrian rule; and each group was entitled to its ownnational organisation within the wider unity. The Austrianparty prided itself on being internationalist almost by instinct ;where other parties had to learn to transcend their nationallimitations, it found the knowledge ready-made for it in thedaily struggle.This pride was entirely genuine. Yet the Austrian SocialistParty was throughout its career essentially a German-inspired

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INDEX OF NAMESAbe, I, 932,933Abeele, van den, 657Achin, A., 579Adler, F., gz, 96 f., 544, 547, 549 fr.,616, 985, 994Adler, M., 546,54?, SSi f., 5S8,994,

995Adler, V., ix, xiv, 7, zt, 5o, 54 f.,67, 74, gz, 96, 322,5r9, 528, 54o,544, 545 f., 8o9, 985, 994Aharonian,6o5Akabu, 937Akimov, Y.P.,4zoAladyin, 4.,473Albarda, J. W., 66:Alberti, 4.,677Alerini, C., 75rAlexander II, Czar,394, 396, 4r4,6rzAlexander [ll, Czar, 4t8Alexinsky, G. A., 48o, g9rAlfonso XII, 7 49, 7 Sz, 7 54Alfonso XllI, lSg, Z7rAllard, O.,683Allemane, J., 8, ro, t4, tg, 56, 332,34o, 345, 372, 382,987Allende, R., 827Almirrall, V., 76o, roo3Altgeld, 1.P.,797Alvarado, S., 845Alves, L., 826

Austerlitz, F., S4z, 994Aveling, 8.,8, 24, 33, r5z, 16rAveling, Eleanor Marx, 8, r47Avenarius, R., 48r f,Averescu, General A., 6ooAxe1rod, P. A., ix, 2, 23, 4tS, 422,436 f.., 464, 475, 48r, 484, +89,993Azev,8., 449

Badeni, Count K., Sz9, S3oBagehot, W., 652Baker, B. W., 8zoBaker, C. Ashmore, zr5Bakunin, M., 327, 4o9, 43r, 5o5,575, 609, 617, 657, 7ro, 733, 737,742, 74g, 7 So, 767, 826, 83rBallance, J., 853, 888, 89o, 89r f,,8q+, go8Balmaceda, J., 834Balmashov,44rBang, G.,676Bang, Henrietta, 676Banghereanu, 599Barberet, J. J., 34oBarker, T., 88oBarlow, C. M., 869Barnes, G. N., 196, zz7, zz8Barry, M., zBarsegian, A., 6o5Battle y Ord6fiez, J., 832 f.

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Amadeo, King, 748, 749,77oAmbris, A. De,723,727Anakin, S.,473Anderson, S., 675Anderson, W. C., zz7Andrew, J., r49Andrews, W. H., 9ro, gr2, gt4Anseele, 8,, o, 4, 7, zr, 4o, 88, gt,6r8, 619, 6zo, 6zz, 6zl, 6+5, 6+6 f.,997Anstey, F., 87oArch, Joseph, rzg, 146Armstrong, T., 896Arnould, V., 6rqAsquith, H. H.,83Athanasiu, E., 598, 996Auer, I., 4o,46,48,3o9, 986Aurelian, M. P. S., SqZ

Bauer, G.,37oBauer, O,, x, 5r5, 546, 547,549,55r ff., 558, 995Bauer, S., 614Bax, E. B., ix,3rBazin, G., 619Bebel, A., k, 7, 29, 98, 46 ff., 5z fr.,62, 64 fr., 67 f,, 7o, IS, 76, rc8,2So, 255, 257, "58, 263, 267, z7o,271,2,73,274, 275, 276, 293, 295,3o8 f., 3ro, 333, 493, 8og, 942,947,984,985,986Beck, J., 23,6o5Becker, l. P., z, 524 f ., 6o9Beer, H., 57, S4oBell, R., r88 f.Bellamy, E., 8o6, 8o7, 8r6, 888Belloc, H., zo9 f., zr3, zz5, 244,984

IOI I

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