xiaolei zou ( 邹晓蕾 )

Satellite Data Exchange: Benefits and Importance to Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Change Study

Xiaolei Zou (邹晓蕾 )

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences,

Florida State University, USA

The Fifth China - U.S. Roundtable on Scientific Data CooperationBeijing, China, 27- 28 October, 2011

2

Outline

• Satellite Data Applications in NWP

• Chinese Feng-Yun Three (FY-3) Series

Current status Recent progress

• Satellite Data Exchange

A brief introduction Science highlights

Improve NWPGenerate Reanalysis

SatelliteData

DataAssimilation

3

Data Assimilation for Reanalysis

Cycling（ 15-50 years）

Observations in6h assimilation window

……


Observations in 6h assimilation window




4

ModelForecastAnalysis Background

Data Assimilation AnalysisBackground

Observations

Cycling Model Forecast

……

Medium Range：５ -９ day Short-Range： 1-36 hours

Data Assimilation in NWP

5




F

xb yobsx0H

B O

Initial GuessObservations

ObservationOperatorBackground

Field

Background Error

Covariance

Observation Error

Covariance

Model Error Covariance

Model Space Observation Space

x0

Analysis(Solution)

Data Assimilation

6

7

FY-3

New Era of Meteorological Satellite in China

Pol

ar-O

rbit

ing

Geostation

ary

First Generation

Chinese Meteorological SatellitesChinese Meteorological Satellites

FY-1A: 09/07/1988FY-1B: 09/03/1990FY-1C: 05/10/1999FY-1D: 05/15/2002

Second Generation

FY-2A: 06/10/1997FY-2B: 06/25/2000FY-2C: 10/18/2004FY-2D: 12/08/2006

First Generation

Second Generation

FY-3A: 05/27/2008FY-3B: 11/05/20108 more: 2012-2020

11 Sensors Onboard FY-311 Sensors Onboard FY-3

(1)可见光和红外扫描辐射计(2)中分辨率光谱成像仪(3)红外分光计(4)微波温度计(5)微波湿度计(6)微波成像仪(7)紫外臭氧垂直探测仪(8)紫外臭氧重量探测仪(9)地球辐射监测仪(10)太阳辐射监测仪(11)空间环境监测仪

11 Sensors Onboard FY-311 Sensors Onboard FY-3

(1) Visible and InfRared Radiometer (VIRR)

(2) MEdium ReSolution Imager (MERSI)

(3) InfRared Atmospheric Sounder (IRAS)

(4) MicroWave Temperature Sounder (MWTS)

(5) MicroWave Humidity Sounder (MWHS)

(6) MicroWave Radiation Imager (MWRI)

(7) Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS)

(8) Total Ozone Mapping Unit (TOU)

(9) Earth Radiation Measurer (ERM)

(10) Solar Irradiation Monitor (SIM)

(11) Space Environment Monitor (SEM)

11 Sensors Onboard FY-311 Sensors Onboard FY-3VIRR

MERSI

IRAS

SBUS

MWHS

MWRI

MWTSSEM

SIM

ERM

TOU

12

Instrument Channel Wavelength FOVs Resolution at Nadir

Purpose

VIRR 10 0.43 – 12.5μm 2048 1.1 kmCloud, aerosol, TPW,

vegetation,surface characteristics,surface T ,ice, snow etc.

MERSI 20 0.41 – 12.5 μm 2048/8192 1.1km/250mOcean color, aerosol, TPW,

cloud, vegetation,surface characteristics,surface T ,ice, snow etc.

MWRI 12 10.65 – 150 GHz 240 15-70km Rainrate, LWC, TPW, soil moisture, sea ice, SST, ice,

snow, etc.

IRAS 26 0.69 – 15.5 μm 56 17km T, q, total O3

MWTS 4 50 – 57 GHz 15 50-75km T

MWHS 5 150 – 183 GHz 98 15km q, surface characteristics

TOU 6 308 – 361 nm 31 50km Total O3

SBUS 12 250 – 340 nm 240 200km O3 profile

SIM 1 0.2～ 50μm Solar irradiance

ERM 4 0.2～ 3.8μm 0.2～ 50μm 150 2°×2° Earth's total radiation, Earth

radiance

Instrument Parameters

13

FY-3 Strategic Plan (2006-2020)

Global All weather 3 Dimension Quantitative Multi-channels

2006FY-2D

2007FY-3A (TEST)

2010FY-2F

2008FY-2E

2009FY-3B (TEST)

2011FY-3AM12012FY-3PM1

2012FY-2G2013FY-4A (TEST)

2013FY-3RM (TEST)

2015FY-4EAST1

2014FY-3AM2

2017FY-3AM3

2015FY-3PM2

2016FY-4WEST1

2017FY-4MS (TEST)

2018FY-3PM3

2016FY-3RM12019FY-3RM2

2019FY-4EAST2

2020FY-4WEST2

2020FY-4MS

2008FY-3A

From Zhang Peng

2008FY-3A

2010FY-3B

2011FY-3AM1 2012FY-3PM1

2013FY-3RM

2014FY-3AM2

2015FY-3PM2

2017FY-3AM32016FY-3RM1

2018FY-3PM3

2019FY-3RM2

2013FY-4A

2015FY-4EAST1

2016FY-4WEST1

2017FY-4MS

2019FY-4EAST22020FY-4WEST2

2020FY-4MS

USA, European and Chinese Polar-Orbiting Satellites

morning

afternoon

15

Launch Date: October 28, 2011

NASA TV (one of cable Channels) or NASA's NPP mission website at: http://www.nasa.gov/npp

Friday morning's liftoff from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.

NPP Launch News

NPP --- The NPOESS Preparatory ProjectNPOESS --- The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

For a lot of exciting information, please go to:

Troposphere

Qin, Z., X. Zou, and F. Weng, 2011: Comparison between linear and nonlinear trends in NOAA-15 AMSU-A brightness temperatures during 1998-2010. Clim. Dynamics., (revised).

秦正坤

16

Stratosphere

Tb (

K)

Tb (

K)

Time (year)

Decadal Climate Trend

17

Scene-Temperature Dependence of Bias of FY-3A Microwave Temperature Sounder Caused by Frequency Shift After Launch

NASA TV (one of cable Channels). Or go to NASA's NPP mission website at: http://www.nasa.gov/npp

Channel number Frequency NEΔT (K)

MWTS AMSU-A MWTS & AMSU-A Designed

MWTS Shifts

MWTS AMSU-A

1 3 50.30 none 0.5 0.40

2 5 53.596±0.115 GHz 60 MHz 0.4 0.25

3 7 54.940 GHz 80 MHz 0.4 0.25

4 9 57.290 GHz 83 MHz 0.4 0.25

Designed and Shifted Channel Frequencies

18

Tb (K)

O-B Bias BSF-BDF

Jan.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Feb.

Mar.

channel 4

19

2011

Tb (K)

designed shifted MetOp

Jan.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Feb.

Mar.

channel 4

20

Jan.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Feb.

Mar.

Tb (K)

O-B Biaschannel 3

21

Tb (K)

BSF-BDF

Jan.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Feb.

Mar.

Tb (K)

designed shifted NOAA-18channel 3

22

23

12-hour Orbitals (Nadir Position)

FY-3ANOAA-18

Observed Tb (K)

SNO Matchups between MetOp-A AMUS-A Channel 9 and FY-3A MWTS Channel 4 near Arctic and Antarctic

24

Without correction

With correction

Observed Tb (K)

25

SNO Matchups between NOAA-18 AMUS-A Channel 7 and FY-3A MWTS Channel 3 near Arctic and Antarctic

Without correction

With correction

Current Status of Satellite Data Exchangeat CMA

Current Status of Satellite Data Exchange at CMAData Source Domain Latency

（ hour）

Satellite Instrument

NESDIS（GTS）

Global 3-9 NOAA15/16/17/18

AMSU-A/ MHS

EUMETSAT（GTS）

Global 3-7 NOAA15/16/17 AMSU-A/MHS/HIRS

EUMETSAT（GTS）

Global 3-7 NOAA19、METOP2

AMSU-A/MHS/HIRS

EUMETCAST（ 11 HRPT ）

NH（ not China）

1-2 NOAA15/16/17/18/19

AMSU-A/MHS/HIRS

RARS（GTS, 11 HRPT）

West Pacific, Oceania,

India ocean, South Pacific

1.5 NOAA15/16/17/18/19

AMSU-A/MHS/HIRS

NSMC East Asia 0.5 NOAA16/18 AMSU-A/MHS/HIRS

EUMETcast Program: ATOVS HRPT Station Distribution

ATOVS --- Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical SounderTIROS – Television Infrared Observation SatellitesEUMETSAT --- European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological SatellitesEUMETCast --- a EUMETSAT program for dissemination of various satellite dataHRPT --- High Resolution Picture Transmission

ATOVS Data Latency

Real-Time Operational Satellite Data Exchange

Between NOAA/NESDIS and CMA/NMSC

Was Established for the First Time!

An Exciting Achievement!

One of the items in the US-China Bilateral Agreement.

NESDIS --- The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NOAA --- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NMSC --- The National Meteorological Satellite Center CMA --- Chinese Meteorological Admistration

FY-3A/B Data Volume

产品名称Instrument

覆盖范围Orbit

数据量Data

Volume

生成频次Frequency

微波温度计 L1数据产品Microwave Temperature Sounder

(MWTS)

轨道Orbit

0.5 MBYTE每 102分钟一次1 Orbit/102 Min

微波湿度计 L1数据产品Microwave Humidity Sounder

(MWHS)

轨道Orbit

15 MBYTE每 102分钟一次1 Orbit/102 Min

微波成像仪 L1数据产品Microwave Radiation Imager

(MWRI)

轨道Orbit


红外分光计 L1数据产品Infrared Atmospheric Sounder

(IRAS)

轨道Orbit


臭氧总量探测仪 L1数据产品Total Ozone-mapping Unit

(TOU)

轨道Orbit


NOAA-18/19 Data Volume

产品名称Instrument

覆盖范围Orbit

数据量Data

Volume

生成频次Frequency

Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit

(AMSU)

轨道Orbit


Microwave Humidity Sounder(MHS)

轨道Orbit


High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder(HIRS)

轨道Orbit


Solar Backscattering Ultraviolet Spectral Radiometer(SBUV)

轨道Orbit


Bandwidth/Storage Requirements

• 60 MB from FY-3A (or FY-3B) and 20 MB from NOAA-19 (or NOAA-18) data transfer volume in every 102 minutes

• 2 hour data latency time for NWP operational data ingest cutoff, 18 minutes latency time for satellite data assimilation process

• 500 GB to 1 TB RAID-5 configuration data storage server for real time data exchange

• Data are protected under privacy policy agreement by both sides

Security Protection• Network Level

• STAR Firewall only allows FTP access to data exchange server.

• Operating System Level• Host based firewall only allows incoming FTP from public servers,

however this can be further reduced to specific servers. (ingress filtering)

• Host based firewall only allows outgoing connections that are related to the incoming FTP connections. (egress filtering)

• Host based Anti-Virus and AV aware FTP software.

• Software Level:Using ProFTP with the following options:

(1) Require SSL (encrytion, AES256) for both the authentication and the data streams.

(2) Require client-side certificate and username/password login (dual-factor authentication)

Current Progress

PC Server

1Gbps

CSTnet GLORIAD

CMA Connects to

CSTnet via 1Gbps access

line

CSTnet links with

GLORIAD (Global Ring

Network for Advanced

Applications

Development )

Real connection speed is

close to T-1 line (1.5

Mb/Sec)

Current Progress

• Software packages for secure data transfer have been installed at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR

• Secure FTP data exchange tests have been conducted

Real time NOAA-19/NOAA-18 data have been post in STAR server Real time FY3-A/FY3-B data have been uploaded to STAR server Average speed is close to T-1 line at 1.5 Mb/second

Data Sharing Network

http://973.daracenter.org

Three service devices

① Data bank device② Core operational device③ Web device

① Linux standard platform

② Common data bank (MYSQL)

③ Mature software products

Open System　

Fortran90 Web PHP

NOAA卫星资料

GPS RO

FY3卫星资料

CLOUDSAT

ＤＭＳＰ卫星资料

数据传输质量控

制

Data Bank Data Types

主动获取（按 < 规则表 > 定时访问）

被动获取（外部数据源自动发布 )

已获取的数据发

布访问规则表

数据库MYSQL

SSMI反演系统MIRS反演系统GPS RO反演系

统绘图系统文件管理系统

其它

系统实时监控

日志与审计

Web service

Web服务

Web display

后台监听服务

Structure

MetOp卫星资料

运行环境： Linux

常规资料

温室气体资料

Home Page

Front-Page Display

完善的后台控制平台

基于角色的权限管理

43

Future Work

• FY-3 Data Processing and Applications

• Link FY-3 data to NOAA and MetOp data

for

establishing climate data record (CDR)• Assimilation of FY-3 data in GFS WRF and

Chinese GRAPES data analysis systems

• Real-Time Satellite Data Exchange Among

Different Nations

全球气候全球气候变化数据变化数据的评估的评估、同化、融合与应用、同化、融合与应用

全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划 ::

（（项目编号项目编号 : : 2010CB9516002010CB951600））

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600 entitled “Assessment,Assimilation, Establishment and Applications of Global

Climate Change Data Records.”

xiaolei zou ( 邹晓蕾 )

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