ladYi

xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks=

[ksy eSnku

ikuh dkO;olk;hdj.k

lqij Lis';fyfVvLirky

mxkgh

ypj dkuwuO;oLFkkvlUrqfyr

fodkl

Hkwfevf/kxzg.k

csjkst+xkjh

Hkz"VkpkjleL;kçkf/kdj.k&fj;y,LVsV daiuh

dU;k f'k{kk

nknjh jsyos vksoj fczt

efgyk lqj{kk uohu m|ksx jkstxkj f'k{kk

oSV vkfn dj ljyhdj.k

;equk cpkvks flVht+u pkVZjuxj jkt fcy

,sfrgkfld /kjksgj la;kstu

Ýh gksYM Iy‚V

xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuknqX/k lgdkfjrk

lek/kku

eq[; eqn~nsleL;k;sa ,oa lek/kku

xksiky Ñ".k vxzokylnL;] jk"Vªh; dk;Zdkfj.kh] Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ

email : gopalagarwal@hotmail.com www.facebook.com/gopal.agarwal.7965http://www.nagrikmanch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Book-25-1-2014.pdf

LoPN jktuhfr l'kDr lekt

fctyhvkiwfrZ

/kkjk 144dk nq#i;ksx

1- 'kgjh eqn~ns

1-1-

bl {ks= ds rhuksa çf/kdj.k ,d fj;y ,LVsV MsoyiesaV daiuh dh rjg dk;Z dj jgs gSaA budk dke dsoy Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k djds çkbosV fcYMlZ dks egaxs nke ij cspuk gSA Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj /ku dekus ds vìs cus gq, rhuksa çkf/kdj.kksa dks lgh fn'kk esa dk;Z djuk gksxk vkSj iwjs {ks= ds leqfpr fodkl ij /;ku nsuk gksxkA

1-2-

ukS,Mk] xzsVj ukS,Mk vkSj ;equk çkf/kdj.k lesr iwjs ftys esa bZ&xousaZl dh lqfo/kk gksuh pkfg;s ftlls 'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk dk ekgkSy cus vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa dks vius dkeksa ds fy, bl v‚fQl ls ml v‚fQl rd ugha HkVduk iMAs+ lkFk gh çkf/kdj.k ; s Hkh lfq uf'pr dj s fd fuf'pr le; e as LFkkuh; ykxs k as d s dke gk s tku s pkfg,A

1-3-

vkS|ksfxd xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, çkf/kdj.k }kjk yht ij fn, x, Iy‚V~l dks Ýh gksYM fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd LFkkuh; m|eh vkfFkZd eqlhcr esa Qalus ds ckn viuh ç‚iVhZ dks fdlh nwljs dks VªkalQj dj ldsa vkSj mu ij cSad yksu Hkh çkIr gks ldsaA ,sls gh fjgk;'kh Iy‚Vksa dk Hkh Ýh gksYM gksuk vko';d gSA

1-4-

cgqvkoklh; ;kstukvksa esa ¶ySV ysdj jgus okyksa dk vikVZesaV ds d‚eu ,fj;k ij Hkh LokfeRo gksuk pkfg,] ysfdu çkf/kdj.k vkSj fj;y ,LVsV Msoyij dh feyh Hkxr ls gkbZdksVZ ds vkns'k ds ckn Hkh bl fn'kk esa çkf/kdj.k ds }kjk i;kZIr dne ugha mBk, x, gSaA fj;y ,LVsV MsoyiesaV vFk‚fjVh ds rgr bu lc O;oLFkkvksa dks Bhd djus dk gekjk ladYi gSA Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dkuwu ds rgr budh leL;kvksa vkSj vko';drkvksa dks Hkh egRo nsuk iM+sxkA

1-5-

ftyk vLirky dk ,El dh rt Z ij fuek.Z k dk dk; Z tk s 'k:q gvq k Fkk ml s iyV dj çn's k dh ljdkj u s pkbYM liq j Li's ;fyfV g‚LihVy e as cny fn;k gAS ftyk vLirky dk s ,El d s led{k gh cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A

1-6-

^uxj jkt fcy* ds rgr vkjñMCY;wñ,ñ ds pqus gq, çfrfuf/k;ksa dks jktuSfrd ntkZ feys rkfd lÙkk ds fodsUæhdj.k ds ek/;e ls muds {ks= ds fodkl ds dk;ksaZ esa mudh fu.kkZ;d ,oa i;Zos{kd dh Hkwfedk lqfuf'pr gks ldsA gekjh ljdkj vkus ij bls lqfuf'pr Hkh djsaxsA

1-7-

ikuh dk O;olk;hdj.k fdlh Hkh dher ij ugha gksuk pkfg, ,oa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij fu'kqYd ihus ds ikuh dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A tykf/kdkj ds rgr bl fo"k; ij ge O;kid jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dj jgs gSaA

1-8-

& ços'k dj lekfIrA

& oSV vkfn djksa dk ljyhdj.kA

& fctyh dh fuckZ/k vkiwfrZA

& vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa dh miyC/krkA

& dalVªD'ku m|ksx dks dPps ikuh dh miyC/krkA

çkf/kdj.k dk fj;y ,LVsV dEiuh dh rjg dke djuk

'kklu esa bZ&xousaZl vkSj ikjnf'kZrk] flfVtu pkVZj vkSj le;c) lfoZl fMfyojh dh vko';drk

Iy‚V~l ij iw.kZ vf/kdkj ¼Ýh gksYM½

vikVZesaV jftLVªs'ku ,DV ,oa fj;y ,LVsV MsoyiesaV vFk‚fjVh dk xBu

lqij Lis';fyfV vLirky dh deh

vkjñMCY;wñ,ñ dks jktuSfrd 'kfä dh vko';drk ¼uxj jkt fcy½

ty dk O;olk;hdj.k ,oa futhdj.k

O;kikfj;ksa ,oa m|ksx txr dh leL;k,a

xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks= ds eq[; eqís] ftuds lek/kku ds fy,ge çfrc) gSa vkSj gekjs }kjk bu eqíksa ij leqfpr dk;Zokgh dh tk,xh

xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks= – xksiky Ñ".k vxzoky

xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks= – xksiky Ñ".k vxzoky

2- xzkeh.k eqn~ns

3- efgykvksa ds eqn~ns

2-1-

ftyk eq[;ky; xzsVj ukS,Mk vkSj ukS,Mk vkus ds fy, vkl&ikl ds dLcksa] tSls ,uVhihlh] tkjpk] eaMh ';keuxj] jcwiqjk] tsoj] tgkaxhjiqj ls vPNh ifjogu O;oLFkk ugha gS ftlds pyrs bu dLcksa vkSj vklikl ds xkao ds fuokfl;ksa dks eq[;ky; rd vkus esa fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS bl otg ls ftys ds nwjnjkt+ ds xkaoksa ds fuokfl;ksa ds dbZ dke çHkkfor gksrs gSaA

2-2-

LokLF; leL;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsaæksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xk pkfg,A lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsaæksa dh ns[kjs[k lkekftd laxBuksa }kjk lqfuf'pr dh tk,xkA blh çdkj ljdkjh Ldwyksa dh f'k{kk ,oa O;oLFkk ds Lrj esa Hkh Hkkjh lq/kkj fd;k tk;sxkA

2-3-

rhuksa çkf/kdj.kksa dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd vf/kx`fgr xkaoksa esa [ksy ds eSnku cusaA Ldwy ,oa d‚yst Lrj ij [ksy laLFkkuksa dh LFkkiuk djuk vko';d gSA

2-4-

ftu NCchl xkaoksa dks xzsVj ukS,Mk çkf/kdj.k ls fudky dj cqyan'kgj ds varxZr yk;k x;k gS] mu xkaoksa dks nksckjk ls xzsVj ukS,Mk çkf/kdj.k ds varxZr yk;k tkuk pkfg,A

2-5-

ukS,Mk vkSj xzsVj ukS,Mk tgka ,d rjQ fodkl ds Vkiw ds :i esa utj vkrs gSa ogha nknjh tSls dLcs vkSj cgqr ls xk¡o vHkh rd xUns ikuh ds fudkl dh O;oLFkk tSlh lqfo/kkvksa ls Hkh eg#e gSaA xkSre cq)uxj yksdlHkk ds vUrxZr vkus okys xkaoksa dks utnhdh dLcksa ls tksM+us okys ekxksaZ dh fLFkfr cn ls cnrj gSA xUns ikuh dh fudklh dh O;oLFkk vkSj xzkeh.k lM+dksa dk ç/kkuea=h xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuk ds rgr rsth ls fuekZ.k djok;k tk;sxkA

2-6-

xkSrecq) uxj ftys ds vUrxZr vkus okys lHkh dLcksa ds fuokfl;ksa ls fctyh fcy ukS,Mk dh njksa ij olwys tkrs gSa tcfd bu dLcksa esa fctyh dh vkiwfrZ ukS,Mk ls de gSA bl fo"kerk dks [kRe fd;k tk;sxkA

5-1-

;gka dh dkuwu O;oLFkk vPNs 'kgjksa tSlh ugha gSA ;gk¡ Økbe dk xzkQ jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= ds vU; 'kgjksa ls dgha T;knk gSA xkSrecq) uxj esa efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okys vijk/kksa esa Hkh cgqr rsth ls c<+ksÙkjh gks jgh gSaA bl leL;k dk fujkdj.k ;q) Lrj ij djuk vko';d gSA

5-2-

yM+fd;ka pkg dj Hkh mPp f'k{kk çkIr djus ls oafpr jg tkrh gSaA yM+fd;ksa esa mPp f'k{kk dk çlkj gks lds blds fy, tsoj] nudkSj] nknjh] jcqiqjk vkfn dLcksa esa dU;k jktdh; egkfo|ky; [kksys tkus vko';d gSaA

5-3-

gekjk ç;kl jgsxk fd efgykvksa ds vkfFkZd l'kfDrdj.k ds fy, ?kjsyw dqVhj m|ksxksa dks c<+kok] Lo;a lsok lewgksa dh LFkkiuk] y?kq _.k dh miyC/krk ,oa dkuwuh lykg dsUæ tSlh lqfo/kk,¡ LFkkfir dh tk,¡A

ftyk eq[;ky; rd igqapus esa ifjogu O;oLFkk dh leL;k

xzkeh.k {ks= esa f'k{kk ,oa LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa dh cnrj fLFkfr

xkaoksa esa [ksy eSnku dh deh

ftys dk lkaxBfud iquxZBu

{ks= dk vlarqfyr fodkl

fctyh vkiwfrZ esa vlekurk

yxkrkj c<+rk Økbe jsV ¼efgykvksa dh lqj{kk dh leL;k½

xzkeh.k {ks= esa dU;k egkfo|ky; ugha gksus ls efgyk f'k{kk esa çxfr ugha gS

efgyk mRihM+u ,oa vkfFkZd ijkoyacu

xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks= – xksiky Ñ".k vxzoky

4- ;qokvksa ds eqn~ns

5- fdlkuksa ds eqn~ns

4-1-

bl {ks= esa cM+h la[;k esa LFkkuh; ;qok jkst+xkj ds fy, HkVd jgs gSaA ;gka dh f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa deh gS vkSj mlesa lq/kkj gksus pkfg,A lkFk gh ljdkjh f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dks Hkh jkst+xkj ijd f'k{kk nsus okys dkslZ 'kq: djus pkfg, ftlls LFkkuh; ;qokvksa dks jkst+xkj feyus esa vklkuh gksA

4-2-

fiNys dbZ o"kksaZ esa bl {ks= esa dksbZ Hkh cM+s m|ksx dh LFkkiuk ugha gqbZ gS tcfd bldh m|ksx {ks= ds #i esa gh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA cM+s ,oa uohu m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk ds fcuk jkst+xkj ds volj miyC/k ugha gksaxsA

4-3-

fdlkuksa ds cPpksa dks LFkkuh; d‚yst esa dqN çfr'kr vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr dh tkuh pkfg, rkfd fdlkuksa ds cPps [ksrh ds vykok oSdfYid jkstxkj dks viukus esa l{ke gks ldsaA

4-4-

çkbosV dkWyst vuki&'kuki 'kqYd o`f) dj ysrs gSa ftls fu;fer djuk vko';d gSA buesa f'k{kk ds Lrj ij Hkh è;ku nsuk vko';d gSA

5-1-

uk,S Mk] xVsz j uk,S Mk] ;euq k fodkl çkf/kdj.k d s }kjk fdlkuk as dh Hkfw e vf/kxgz .k d s ekeyk as e as tk s vfu;ferrk,a gSa muds fo#) yM+kbZ tkjh jgsxhA fdlkuksa dks flQZ eqvkotk gh ugha] Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds ckn muds iquokZl dh Hkh t#jr gS rkfd mudh vkthfodk ds fy, oSdfYid çca/k gks ldsA bl vf/kxzfgr tehu ij fodkl çkstsDV esa mudh Hkh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr gksuh pkfg,A mUgsa fodflr tehu esa fgLlk vo'; feyuk pkfg,A

5-2-

xUuk fdlkuksa ls tqM+s eqíksa dks fofHkUu eapksa ij mBk;k tk,xkA xUus dk Hkqxrku ugha gksus ls fdlkuksa dks iwjs o"kZ Hkkjh vkfFkZd ladV ls tw>uk iM+k gSA bl okf"kZd leL;k dk leqfpr gy vko';d gSA

5-3-

xaxugj ds fdukjs cls xkaoksa ds fdlkuksa dks bykds ls xaxugj xqtjus dk Qk;nk ugha gks jgk gS D;ksafd fdlku vius [ksrksa dh flapkbZ xaxuxj ds ikuh ls ugha dj ikrs gSaA bu xkaoksa esa flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djkus ds fy, flapkbZ foHkkx dks dgk tk,xkA

5-4-

nw/k ds mRiknu vkSj forj.k ç.kkyh dks lgdkfjrk ds ek/;e ls pyk;k tk; rks fdlkuksa dks ,d rjQ rks muds nqX/k mRiknu dk lgh ewY; çkIr gksxk vkSj oSdfYid jkstxkj ds lk/ku miyC/k gks ldrs gSa] lkFk gh nwljh rjQ mPp xq.koÙkk okyk nw/k Hkh vke yksxksa dks vklkuh ls lqyHk gksrk jgsxkA ̂ ^nqX/kkgkj xzkeksRFkku fodkl lfefr** lgdkfjdrk ds ek/;e ls bl {ks= esa vyx&vyx fodkl lfefr;ksa ds }kjk xkaoksa ds lexz fodkl dk ç;kl ge dj jgs gSaA

5-5-

çkf/kdj.kksa }kjk vf/kx`fgr xzke iapk;r dh tehu ls çkIr iwjs /ku dkss xzke lHkk dh lgefr ls xkao ds fodkl dk;ksaZ esa gh [kpZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl tehu ij rkykc] xkS'kkyk,a] pjkxkg vkfn lkewfgd vko';drk dh O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k gksuk pkfg,A iapk;r dh Hkwfe dk vfrØe.k Hkh jksduk gksxkA

5-6-

ftu fdlkuksa dh Hkwfe dk vf/kxzg.k ;equk fodkl çkf/kdj.k ds }kjk fd;k x;k gS mu fdlkuksa dks Hkh uk,S Mk çkf/kdj.k }kjk fn, tk jg s evq kot s d s cjkcj evq kotk feyuk pkfg,A evq kot s e as Hkns Hkko ugh a gkus k pkfg,A

jkstxkj ijd f'k{kk dk vHkko

;qokvksa esa csjkstxkjh

d‚ystksa esa LFkkuh; Nk=ksa ds vkj{k.k dh vko';drk

f'k{kk dk O;kikjhdj.k

Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dh leL;k

xUuk [ksrh djus okys fdlkuksa dh leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k

xaxugj ds ckotwn Hkh fdlku dks ty vkiwfrZ ugha

nqX/k lgdkfjrk & oSdfYid jkstxkj

xzke iapk;r dh Hkwfe ij xzke iapk;r dk gd

leku gks ;equk çkf/kdj.k ,oe~ vU; çkf/kdj.kksa dk eqvkotk

6- vU; eqn~ns

6-1-

nknjh ,oa [kqtkZ esa jsyos vksoj fczt dk fuekZ.k dk;Z vjls ls yVdk gqvk gS ftldh otg ls ;krk;kr vo#) jgrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa dks [kklh ijs'kkuh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

6-2-

;equk ds Åij bl iqy dh vfr 'kh?kz vko';drk gSA bldk fuekZ.k rsth ls gksuk t:jh gSA

6-3-

fclj[k xkao esa jko.k ds firk _f"k foJok }kjk LFkkfir v"VHkqtk/kkjh f'kofyax vkt Hkh ekStwn gS ysfdu eafnj dh gkyr ttZj gks pqdh gSA nknjh esa N=ifr f'kokth }kjk LFkkfir f'koeafnj] dkluk ds lrh fugkyns eafnj] xqfyLrkaiqj dk ,sfrgkfld 40 QqV Åaph ehukj] xksYQ dkslZ esa fLFkr fot; LraHk dh Hkh gkyr ttZj gSA bu ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa dk lgh rjhds ls la;kstu gksuk pkfg, rkfd bUgsa cpkus esa ge lQy gks ldsaA buds j[k j[kko vkSj çpkj ls {ks= esa i;ZVu dk fodkl Hkh gksxkA

6-4-

xkrS ec)q uxj {k=s d s fodkl e as vge ;kxs nku j[ku s oky s çLrkfor tos j ,;jikVs Z dh yMk+ b Z Hkh 'k:q dh tk,xh rkfd ,;jikVs Z dk fuek.Z k tYn l s tYn gk s ld s vkjS tos j {k=s d s fodkl e as ,d ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gk s ldAs

6-5-

tc [kqn xkSrecq) uxj {ks= ds xkao gh fodkl foghu utj vkrs gSa ,sls esa çns'k ljdkj dks igys xkSrecq) uxj ds xkaoksa dks fodflr djus dh çkFkfedrk gksuh pkfg,A ge bl ekax dks fo'ks"k #i ls j[ksaxs vkSj lqfuf'pr djsaxs dh {ks= dk çFker;k lok±xh.k fodkl gksA

6-6

gekjk ekuuk gS fd v‚Vks dks iwjs ,ulhvkj dk ijfeV feyuk pkfg, rkfd iqfyl }kjk mudh çrkM+uk can gks vkSj v‚Vks pkydksa dh vkenuh Hkh c<+sA ;g {ks=okfl;ksa ds fy, Hkh fgrdj gksxk D;ksafd mUgsa ckj&ckj v‚Vks ugha cnyuk iM+sxkA orZeku ijfeV O;oLFkk {ks=okfl;ksa ds fy, uk flQZ ijs'kkuh dk lcc gS cfYd tsc ij Hkh Hkkjh iM+rh gSA

6-7-

fdjkuk {ks= esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ykdj LFkkuh; [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksa dk xyk ?kksaVus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh dsaæ dh dkaxzsl ljdkj dks eqag rksM+ tokc nsus dh t+#jr gSA

6-8-

;equk unh dks cpkus ds fy, fujUrj ç;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA fnYyh dk xank ikuh fcuk lkQ fd, ;equk esa ugha tkuk pkfg,A fnYyh ds xUns ikuh dks VªhVesaV ds ckn gh ;equk esa çokfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A jsr ekfQ;kvksa ls Hkh ;equk dks cpkuk vko';d gSA ;equk ds nksuksa rVksa ij tks xSjdkuwuh fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gS mls jksduk Hkh vko';d gSA

nknjh ,oa [kqtkZ esa jsyos vksoj fczt dh t:jr

nudkSj vkSj ea>koyh ds chp ;equk unh ij iqy dk fuekZ.k

,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa dk la;kstu

tsoj ,;jiksVZ

bl {ks= ls çkIr jktLo ds vf/kdka'k Hkkx dks igys bl {ks= ds fodkl ij [kpZ fd;k tk;s

ukS,Mk v‚Vks pkydksa dks jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= dk ijfeV

çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (FDI) ls fdjkuk O;kikj çHkkfor ,oa jkstxkj ij foijhr vlj

;equk dks cpkus dh tíkstgn

lh&62] lSDVj&65] ukS,Mk&201301 ¼m-ç-½lEidZ lw= % +91-120-4918900, 8800094408 https://twitter.com/gopalkagarwal

xzkeh.k fodkleq[;ky; rd ifjogu O;oLFkk

[ksy ds eSnkufodkl ds Vkiwvksa dh ctk, larqfyr fodkl

xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuk,sfrgkfld /kjksgj la;kstu

O;kikjoSV vkfn djksa dk ljyhdj.k

dkuwu O;oLFkk[kqnjk O;kikj esa FDI dk fojks/k

efgykdU;k f'k{kk

efgyk ,oa o`) lqj{kk vkfFkZd Lora=rk ,oa jkstxkj

fdlkunqX/k lgdkfjrk

rhuksa çkf/kdj.kksa dk leku eqvkotkHkwfe vf/kxzg.k dkuwu ds varxZr iquokZl] vkthfodk ,oa fodkl çkstsDV esa Hkkxhnkjh

;qokjkstxkj ijd f'k{kk

uohu m|ksxf'k{kk dk O;kikfjdj.k jksduk

ikuhikuh dk O;olk;hdj.k jksdsaxs

lkoZtfud LFky ij fu'kqYd ikuh dh miyC/krk

;equk cpkvks ¼jsr ekfQ;k] çnw"k.k ,oa xSj dkuwuh fuekZ.k ls½

'kgjh fodklçkf/kdj.k fj;y ,LVsV daiuh dh rjg ugha] fodkl ds fy, djs dke

uxj jkt fcy }kjk RWA dks jktuSfrd 'kfäle;c) lfoZl fMfyojh ,oa flfVtu pkVZj }kjk Hkz"Vkpkj dk [kkRek

fctyh dh leqfpr vkiwfrZ

^^xkSrecq) uxj yksdlHkk {ks=ds fodkl gsrq gekjk ladYi**

–xksiky Ñ".k vxzoky

lek/kku ds fy,gekjh igy

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

;qok l'kfDrdj.k ,oa fodkl ;k=k & xkSrecq) uxj

nqX/k lgdkfjrk vkUnksyu

xk'S kkyk] ;kxs ] Mk;fcVht f'kfoj

Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo#) vkanksyu

dkuwuh lykg dsUæ

fdlku ,oa vU; vkUnksyu

tykf/kdkj vkUnksyu

ekuokf/kdkj vkanksyu

uxj jkt fcy