Þxqytkj vksj txnh'k [kscwmdj fyf[kr nk'kzfud...
TRANSCRIPT
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lIre v/;k;lIre v/;k;lIre v/;k;lIre v/;k;
Þxqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhÞxqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhÞxqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhÞxqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % r % r % r %
rqyukRed v/;;ußrqyukRed v/;;ußrqyukRed v/;;ußrqyukRed v/;;uß
izkLrkfod izkLrkfod izkLrkfod izkLrkfod −
n'kZu'kkL=k izkphu ijaijk ls tqMk 'kkL=k gS ftlesa ekuo thou ds dqN vuNq, igyqvksa
dks mtkxj djus dk iz;kl gksrk gS A lkfgR; esa lekt dh os ?kVuk,¡ izfrfcafcr gksrh gaS tks
vDlj fn[kkbZ nsrh gS fdarq dqN ckrsa] rRRo ,sls gksrs gSa ftudh vksj lkfgR;dkj vuns[kh djrs
gaSA oLrqr% nk'kZfud i{k dks mtkxj djuk mruk vklku ugha gksrk gSA ekuo laosnuk,¡ euq";
thou dks ewyHkwr :i ls fu/kkZfjr djrh gaS vfirq mudk Lo:i fuf'pr gksrs gq, Hkh mUgsa
vfHkO;Dr djus dh 'kSyh l'kDr gksus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj
,sls xhrdkj gaS ftUgksaus ekuo&thou] ekuo laosnukvksa ls tqMs+ ml lR; dk vUos"k.k vius xhrksa
esa djus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj mlds lkFk n'kZu tqM+k gqvk gSA
thou dks lapkfyr djusokyh tks Hkh 'kfDr;k¡ gksrh gSa mUgsa n'kZu cy nsrk gSA thou dh
lgh jkg fn[kkus ds lkFk&lkFk cqjh izo`fRr;ksa ls cpus dh lh[k gesa n'kZu ds n~okjk feyrh gS vkSj
xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj us ;g dke cMs+ l'kDrrk ds lkFk vius nk'kZfud xhrksa ds ek/;e
ls fd;k gSA HkkSfrd lk/kuksa ds ykyp ds dkj.k vkt bUlku vkSj bUlkfu;r esa iM+ jgh njkjas
fparu dk fo"k; cus gaSA ,sls le; bu xhrdkjksa ds nk'kZfud xhr gesa dqN ek=kk esa jkgr nsrs gSaA
xyr izo`fRr;ksa dk Úgkl vkSj lekt ds LoLFk okrkoj.k dh dkeuk izLrqr xhrksa esa lkdkj gqbZ gSA
le;≤ ij vius /kS;Z dks [kksusokys lekt esa thus dh ubZ yyd iSnk djus dk dk;Z bu
xhrksa ds ek/;e ls gksrk gSA ;gh nk'kZfud xhrksa dh cM+h miyfC/k ekuuh gksxhA izLrqr v/;k; esa
xhrdkj xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds nk'kZfud xhr fofo/k vk;keksa ds lkFk gekjs lkeus
izLrqr gksrs gaSA
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7777----1 ^n'k1 ^n'k1 ^n'k1 ^n'kZu* % ifjdYiuk Zu* % ifjdYiuk Zu* % ifjdYiuk Zu* % ifjdYiuk −
ftl izdkj l`f"V dk fuekZ.k jgL;e; gS mlh rjg euq"; thou Hkh jgL;e; gSA ml
jgL; ;k lR; dh [kkst ^n'kZu* ds n~okjk gksrh gSA ;g lR; dh [kkst oSpkfjd Lrj ij gksrh gSA
'kf'k lgxy ds vuqlkj&Þn'kZu oSpkfjd Lrj ij lR; dk vUos"k.k djrk gSAß1 Hkkjr ds
euhf"k;ksa dh n'kZu ijaijk vR;ar le`n~/k jgh gSA osn] mifu"kn~] iqjk.k bldk Li"V izek.k gSA
Þv/;kReokn n'kZu dk izkjafHkd :i gSAß2 laLd`r&fganh dks'k ds vuqlkj&Þ^n'kZu* 'kCn laLd`r
ds ^n`';* /kkrq esa ^Y;qV* izR;; yxus ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS&ns[kukAß3 vFkkZr fo'ks"k n`f"V ls
thou dks ns[kukA n'kZu esa vkRek] ijekRek] izd`fr] bZ'oj] euq"; thou rFkk mlds jgL;ksa dk
fu:i.k fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa n'kZu 'kCn lkekU;r% ekuo ds thou&n'kZu ds :i esa
gh vf/kd iz;qDr gksrk gSA y{ehukjk;.k 'kekZ ds vuqlkj&ÞO;fDr ds ân; esa thou vkSj txr
ds fo"k; esa tks tks ftKklk,¡ rFkk iz'u mRiUu gksrs gSa] mu ftKklkvksa] iz'uksa ,oa jgL;ksa dk og
vius O;fDrxr fo'ys"k.k ds mijkar tks fu"d"kZ izkIr gksrk gS ogh mldk thoun'kZu gSAß4 thou
vkSj txr dh oSpkfjd [kkst rFkk fpjaru lR; dh [kkst n'kZu dk eq[; /;s; gSA MkW- loZiYyh
jk/kkd`".ku us ekuo thou esa n'kZu dk egRRo fo'kn djrs gq, dgk gS&Þekuoh; crkZo ds fy,
,d y{; [kkstus esa] ekuoh; eu ds mPprj iz;klksa ds fy, ,sD; izLFkkfir djkus esa n'kZu ;FkkFkZ
foKkuksa dh vis{kk dgha vf/kd lgk;d gSAß5 LIk"V gS fd thouewY;ksa dks tkuus ds fy, n'kZu
lgk;d gksrk gS vkSj n'kZu esa fparu ij vf/kd tksj fn;k tkrk gSAekuo thou rFkk l`f"V ds
laca/k esa euq"; ds eu esa fofo/k izdkj ds iz'u [kMs gksrs gSa] mUgsa lqy>kus dk iz;kl n'kZu ds
n~okjk gksrk gSA xfr'khy rFkk ifjorZu'khy ekuo thou ds thouewY;ksa ds lkFk n'kZu tqM+k gqvk
gSA euq"; dk lq/kkj rFkk ekuorkokn dks n'kZu ls cy feyrk gSA
1- lgxy 'kfDr & u;h dfork esa ewY; cks/k] i`- 126
2- MkW- 'kqHky{eh & vk/kqfud fganh dkO; esa jk"Vªh; psruk] i`- 93
3- vkIVs f'kojke okeu & laLd`r&fganh dks'k] i`- 450
4- y{ehukjk;.k 'kekZ & ujsanz 'kekZ vkSj mudk dkO;] i`- 89
5- East and West in religion – S. Radhakrisnnan, page -98
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7777----2 nk'kZfud xhr 2 nk'kZfud xhr 2 nk'kZfud xhr 2 nk'kZfud xhr −
n'kZu dk eq[; mn~ns'; ekuodY;k.k jgk gSA blh mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, l'kDr
lk/ku ds :i esa nk'kZfud xhr mi;ksx esa vkrs gSaA euq"; thou dks xfr nsus] lgh fn'kkfunsZ'k
djus rFkk thou dks lkFkZdrk iznku djus gsrq n'kZu dke esa vkrk gS vkSj nk'kZfud xhrksa ds
ek/;e ls ;g dk;Z lQy :i ls laiUu gksrk gSA nk'kZfud xhrksa esa thou&n'kZu dks dsanz ekudj
foospu fd;k tkrk gSA xfr'khy rFkk ifjorZu'khy ekuo thou ds thouewY;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk
thou ds lR; rFkk vuNq, igyqvksa dks nk'kZfud xhrksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
bu xhrksa esa [kkldj thou dk n~oan~o] lalkj dk ;FkkFkZ] lekt] txr rFkk bZ'oj laca/kh /kkj.kk,¡
izLrqr gksrh gSaA euq"; dk lq/kkj rFkk ekuorkokn ij nk'kZfud xhrksa esa cy fn;k tkrk gSA lkjs
lekt esa leUo;kRed n`f"V] loZ/keZ leHkko vkSj jk"Vªh;rk vkfn fopkj/kkjk,¡ Hkh nk'kZfud xhrksa
esa fufgr gksrh gSaA
7777----3 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr 3 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr 3 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr 3 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr −
xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds xhrksa esa nk'kZfud :i dk Li"V n'kZu gksrk gSA muds
nk'kZfud xhrksa esa thou&n'kZu] izklafxd laosnukRedrk] oSpkfjdrk] LokuqHkwfrewydrk] bZ'oj
laca/kh fopkj] HkkX;okn] lkekftdrk rFkk leUo;kRed n`f"V dk lekos'k gksrk gSA euq"; us vga
dk R;kx dj viuh varjkRek rd igw¡pus rFkk lkjs fo'o esa ,drk LFkkfir djus ds iz;kl ds
fy, ;g xhr gesa izksRlkfgr djrs gSaA bu xhrksa esa ;qxhu okrkoj.k rFkk laLd`fr dk e/kqj feyu
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fdlh ckg~; izsj.kk ls ugha cfYd xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj dk [kqn dk
thou&n'kZu gh mUgsa gj le; nk'kZfud xhrksa ds l`tu ds fy, izsfjr djrk jgk gSA mu nksuksa
ds nk'kZfud xhrksa ds fofo/k igyw bl izdkj gSa &
7777----3333----1 thou ehekalk fo"k;d xhr 1 thou ehekalk fo"k;d xhr 1 thou ehekalk fo"k;d xhr 1 thou ehekalk fo"k;d xhr −
euq"; dk thou tfVy vkSj xgjk gSA mlds ckgî :i ls T;knk mldk varjax gekjs
lkeus vusd iz'uksa ,oa ftKklkvksa dh l`f"V djrk gSA nk'kZfud xhrksa ds ek/;e ls ml thou ds
varjax i{k rFkk ekuo thou dh ehekalk djusokys fofo/k igyqvksa dks mtkxj fd;k tkrk gSA
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xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj us nk'kZfud xhrksa esa thou ehekalk fo"k;d n'kZu dks i;kZIr ek=kk
esa vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA
euq"; dks vius thou vkSj thou ds gj iy ds izfr ges'kk lrdZ jguk pkfg,A fdarq
euq"; gkFk esa vk;k gj iy fdlh dke esa fcrkus dh vko';drk gS tc fd og mls x¡okrk tk jgk
gSA xqytkj ^xksyeky^ fQYe ds ,d xhr ds ek/;e ls blh ckr dh vksj funsZ'k dj jgs gSa rFkk
euq"; dks lpsr dj jgs gaSA xqytkj dgrs gSa fd thou dk tks Hkh iy gekjs gkFk esa vkrk gS og
:dusokyk ugha gSA le; gekjs fy, :drk ugha gS vkSj u gh og dHkh Fkdrk gSA vfojr xfr ls
pyusokyk ;g le; dk pØ gekjs thou dh ifjØek dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, ges'kk dk;Zjr jgrk
gSA euq"; ds fy, ;g vko';d cu tkrk gS fd og gj le; viuh ftanxh dks ] vius gkFk esas
vk, gj iy dks th Hkj ds th,A ns[krs&ns[krs iy gekjs gkFk ls fudy tkrk gS tks <w¡<us ij Hkh
gesa iqu% izkIr ugha gksrkA oDr ds isM+ ls ,d&,d yEgk fxjrk gS ysfdu og gj yEgk ,d&,d
nkLrku esa cny tkrk gSA thou dks ihNs eqM+dj ns[kus ds ckn mu nkLrkuksa ds gesa n'kZu gksrs gSa
fdarq og chrs gq, yEgsa ughas fn[kkbZ nsrsA FkksMklk g¡lkdj vkSj FkksMklk :ykdj tkusokys bu
iyksa dh egRrk dks] ,d fojkV thoun'kZu dks xqytkj us vizfre :i ls bu 'kCnksa esa vafdr
fd;k gS &
Þvkusokyk iy tkusokyk gS
gks lds rks bl esa
ftanxh fcrk nks
iy tks ;g tkusokyk gS---
ns[kk rks ;gh gS
<w¡<+k rks ugha gS
iy tks ;g tkusokyk gS
vkusokyk iy---
bl ckj oDr ls
yEgk fxjk dgha
ogk¡ nkLrk¡ feyh
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yEgk dgha ugha
FkksMk&lk g¡lkds
FkksMk&lk :ykds
iy tks ;g tkusokyk gS
vkusokyk iy tkusokyk gS ß1
fQYeQsvj iqjLdkj izkIr mi;qZDr xhr esa mHkjk gqvk thou n'kZu gj euq"; dks fu'p; gh izsj.kk
nsusokyk] thou thus dh lgh lh[k nsusokyk izrhr gksrk gSA thou esa dqN u djusokyksa ds fy,
;g xhr psruk iznku djrk gS rFkk mUgsa thou ds izfr lpsr djus esa Hkh dke;kc fln~/k gksrk gSA
gj fdlh dk thou pkgs og vehj gks ;k xjhc vusd djoVas ysrk jgrk gSA thou ds gj
eksM+ ij mls vyx gh thou&laxhr lqukbZ nsrk gSA [kq'kh ls clj gks jgh ftanxh dc xe esa vkSj
xe esa th jgs dc [kq'kh ik,¡xs dgk ugha tk ldrk vkSj ;gh thou dk cMk jgL; gSA fQj Hkh gj
fdlh dks thou ds izfr ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gq, [kq'kh ls thou;kiu djus dh
vko';drk ij xqytkj ,d xhr ds ek/;e ls tksj nsrs gSaA ^[kV~Vk&ehBk^ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa
xqytkj thou dks vaxwj dk nkuk ekurs gSaA dqN dPpk rks dqN iDdk ysfdu tks Hkh thou th;k
gS mlesa [kq'kh <w¡<+rs gq, tks gkFk esa u vk;k mls [kV~Vk ekurs gaSA mudk ekuuk gS fd tks iy
gekjs gkFk esa u vk, mUgsa liuk le>dj Hkwy tkvks vkSj tks gkFk esa gS mldk lnqi;ksx djds
thou dks th ds ns[kks D;ksafd thusokys thou ds lkFk le>kSrk djds ;ksa Hkh thrs gSa rks gesa D;k
,srjkt gS \ thou esa jksuk iMs+ rks jks ds] FkksMk&lk gWalds dHkh :dds vkSj FkksMk&lk pydj
thou dk lQj r; djus dh ekWax djusokyk xqytkj dk ;g lqanj xhr gesa thou thus dh lgh
in~/kfr dh vksj fn'kkfunsZ'k bu 'kCnksa esa djrk gS &
;g thuk gS ] vaxwj dk nkuk
dqN dPpk gS] dqN iDdk gS
vjs] ftruk [kk;k ehBk Fkk
tks gkFk u vk;k [kV~Vk gSA
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 63
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;g ?kwerk ifg;k] xksy :iS;k
gkFk u vk, js----
gkFk u vk, rks le>ks gS liuk
tsc esa gks rks I;kjs eky gS viuk
th ds ns[kks ] thusokys ;w¡ Hkh thrs gSa
fnu dh pknj QV tk, rks jkr dks lksrs gSaA
FkksMk&lk jks ds] FkksMk&lk g¡luk
FkksM+k&lk :duk] FkksM+k&lk pyuk
;g thuk gS] vaxwj dk nkuk---ß1
Li"V gS fd xqytkj dh utj esa thou flQZ nq%[k nsusokyk gh ugha gS rks mlesa ls dqN ,sls iyksa
dks Hkh gesa <w¡<+uk iMrk gS tks gesa ldwu ns ldsA thou ds izfr ;g ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k gh gesa
thou thus ds fy, ubZ ÅtkZ iznku djrk gSA
dqN yksx viuk thou cgqr xyr rjhds ls thrs gSaA lq[k dh ykylk ls gh muds gkFkksa
vusd xyr dke gksrs gSaA blds fy, og nwljksa dks nq%[k nsus esa Hkh ugha drjkrsA nwljksa ds lq[k
dks fNudj viuk lq[k <w¡<+us dh bl fod`r izo`fRr ds dkj.k gh lekt esa vusd cqjkbZ;ksa dk
lapkj gks jgk gSA xqytkj ,sls nq"V izo`fRr ds yksxksa dks ,d xhr ds ek/;e ls dky dh efgek ls
ifjfpr djk jgs gSaA xqytkj bu yksxksa ls dgrs gaS fd le; dc vkSj dgk vki dks ekr nsxk irk
Hkh ugha pysxk D;ksafd oDr ds lkeus vki dqN Hkh ugha gSaA rqe gok esa rSjrs jgrs gks] FkksMh&lh
[kq'kh ls Qqxs jgrs gks ysfdu rqEgsa ;g ekywe ugha gS fd ;g gok ughas vk¡/kh gS tks vkidks dqN gh
iyksa esa iyV ns ldrh gSA viuh tM+ksa dks gh vxj vki dkVus ij rqys gSa rks [kcjnkj! D;ksafd
dky dh dqYgkM+h bruh rkdroj gS fd mldh ekj ls vki /oLr gks tk,¡xs] tSls &
Þle; cjkcj dj nsrk gS le; ds gkFk esa vkjh gS
oDr ls iatk er ysuk] oDr dk iatk Hkkjh gS
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 93
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lhax gok gS
uk idM+ks
tM++ksa ds Vk¡ds dV tk,¡xs
dky&dqYgkM+h uk idM+ks
dky dh] vjs dky dh ykB+h cM+h gh l[+r gSß1
mi;qZDr xhr esa xqytkj nq"V izo`fRr ds yksxksa dks dky ls cpdj jgus dh lykg nsrs gSa tks vkt
ds le; esa cM+h izklafxd yxrh gSA lekt esa c<+ jgs xyr O;ogkj vkSj yksxksa ds dkj.k gh
lekt vkt viuh vfLerk dks [kksrk tk jgk gSA
^fdukjk^ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa xqytkj thou esa dqN vPNk djds vius uke dks jks'ku
djus dh ckr dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gSaA thou ftruk fojkV gS mruk gh lhfer HkhA e`R;q ds ckn
gekjs lkFk dqN ugha vkrk gS vksj u gh ihNs {kf.kd lk/kuksa ds vykok dqN ugha jgrk gSA fdarq
vxj gekjk dqN vPNk dk;Z ihNs jgrk gS rks lkjk lekt vkidks e`R;q ds ckn Hkh ;kn djrk gSA
vki vxj lq[k ls oafpr jg jgs gSa rks Hkh nwljksa dks lq[kh ns[kus dh vkidh reUuk gh vkidh
ftanxh dks ldwu ls Hkj nsxhA ;g izo`fRr gj fdlh ds eu esa mtkxj gksus dh vko';drk gSA
lkjs lekt esa mtkyk QSykus ds fy, vkids mPp fopkj vkSj vkpkjksa dh ykS vkidks tykuh
gksxh rkfd tc Hkh dksbZ mnkl gks rks vkidh ;kn Hkh mls thou thus dh ubZ izsj.kk nsxh] tSls &
Þuke xqe tk,xk ] psgjk ;g cny tk,xk
esjh vkokt gh igpku gS] xj ;kn jgs
oDr ds flre de glha ugha
vkt gS ;gk¡ dy dgha ugha---
fnu <ys tgk¡ ] jkr ikl gks
ftanxh dh ykS ] m¡ph dj pyks
;kn vk, xj dHkh ] th mnkl gks
1- xqytkj & NSa;k&NSa;k] i`- 42
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273
esjh vkokt gh igpku gS] xj ;kn jgs ß1
uke vkSj psgjs cnyus ds ckotwn ml O;fDr ds drZRo ls mldh igpku ges'kk cuh jgrh gSA
gj fdlh us og igpku cukus dh] e`R;q ds i'pkr lekt esa vkn'kZ dh felky LFkkfir djusokyh
ckr dks xqytkj us izLrqr xhr esa mBk;k gSA
^flrkjk^ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa xqytkj us thou esa vkbZ vdsysiu dh O;Fkk ] fujk'kk vkSj
mlls mRiUu thou ds izfr udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k dks n'kkZ;k gSA dqN yksx thou eas vdsys jgus
ds fy, vfHk'kIr gksrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa ds fy, thou fu:n~ns'; cu tkrk gSA izd`fr dh lkjh
vkHkk] lkjk lkSan;Z muds fy, dksbZ dke dk ugha gksrk gSA lekt esa QSys lkjs psgjs muds fy,
vutku gksrs gSa vkSj lkjh eaftysa dfBu yxrh gSaA Hkjh HkhM+ esa rugkb;ksa ds lk, esa thusokyksa dh
ekufldrk dks xqytkj us bu 'kCnksa esa vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS&
Þ;g lk, gSa] nqfu;k gS ijNkb;ksa dh
Hkjh HkhM+ esa] [kkyh rugkb;ksa dh
;gk¡ dksbZ lkfgy&lgkjk ugha gS
dgha Mwcus dks fdukjk ugha gSA---
;gk¡ lkjs psgjs gSa ek¡xs gq,&ls
fuxkgksa esa vk¡lw Hkh Vk¡xs gq,&ls
cM+h uhph jkgsa gaS] Å¡pkb;ksa dh
;g lk, gSa ---ß2
var esa dguk mfpr gksxk fd xqytkj us ekuo thou ds gj igyq vkSj thou thus dh
lgh in~/kfr;ksa ls gesa ifjfpr djk;k gSA mUgksaus thou ds ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed
n`f"Vdks.k dks mtkdj fd;k gSA lkFk gh thou dh lgh jkg fn[kkusokyk mudk thoun'kZu
fu'p; gh mPpdksfV dk gS blesa lansg ughaA
ftl rjg dk thoun'kZu xqytkj ds xhrks esa vafdr gqvk gS mruk gh l'kDr
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 67
2- ogh] i`- 98
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274
thoun'kZu txnh'k [kscwMdj ds xhrkssa esa vfHkO;Dr gqvk gSA muds dbZ fQYeh xhr gSa ftlesa
mUgksaus thoun'kZu dks mtkxj fd;k gSA mudk thoun'kZu lq[k vkSj nq%[k esa ?khjs yksxksa dh
ekufldrk dk c;ku djrk gSA euq"; ds lkeus bl fuLlkj lalkj esa vusd pqukSfr;k¡ gksrh gSaA
nqfu;k ftruh vPNh gS mlls dbZ T;knk cqjh gS ftlds dkj.k thou;kiu djrs le; mlij
vusd ladVksa ds izgkj gksrs gSaA txnh'k [kscwMdj dkeuk djrs gSa fd mu ladVksa ds ] nq%[kksa ds
izgkj >syus ds fy,] mlds f[kykQ la?k"kZ djus ds fy, gesa cy feysa] tSls &
Þlq[k FkksMa nq%[k Hkkjh
nqfu;k gh Hkyh cqjh
?kko clya ?kkokojh
Lkkslk;yk >aqtk;yk vaxh cGa ;sÅ nsß1
dguk xyr ugha gksxk dh mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa esa txnh'k [kscwMdj dk [kqn dk thoun'kZu gh
>ydrk gS]ftldk izfrfcac gh bu iafDr;ksa esa mHkjdj vk;k gSA
ekuo thou esa fdrus gh jgL; fNis gq, gSaA Hkfo"; ls vutku euq"; lq[k vkSj nq%[k ds
Qsjs esa dc vkSj dgk¡ vk tk, irk Hkh ugha pyrk A /kwi vkSj Nk¡o dh rjg lq[k nq%[k dh
ijNkb;k¡ gSa A dksbZ lq[k dk Hkkxh curk gS rks dksbZ nq%[k dks gh >syus ds fy, vfHk'kIrA
ekrk&firk viuh larku dks vPNs laLdkj nsdj c<+k djrs gSaA fdlh dh larku vius
?kj&ifjokj dk uke jks'ku djrh gS rks dksbZ larku vius ek¡&cki dk ân; Hkh rkj&rkj dj nsrh
gSA dHkh fdlh dks I;kl yxus ij ve`r Hkh izk'ku ds fy, fey ldrk gS rks fdlh ds lkeus ls
ijkslk gqvk [kkuk Hkh fu;rh ds n~okjk fNuk tk ldrk gSA blh dkj.k txnh'k [kscwMdj dgrs gSa
fd euq"; dks lq[k&nq%[k ges'kk vkrs jgsaxs ckotwn blds mls vius thou esa R;kx dh Hkkouk dk
Lohdkj djuk pkfg, ftls ,d cgqr cM+k uSfrd lEeku izkIr gSA ^iSt^ fQYe ds ,d xhr dk
;g thoun'kZu bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr gqvk gS &
Þ,desdka ftadk;ph iSt ykxyh ja
lq[k&nq%[k Åulkoyh ja-
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 1] i`- 21
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275
ykSfddkyk mtfGrks dq.kh tUenkrk
dkGtkpa rqdMa tksMh dq.kh ek;ekrk
eukryh gqjgwj MksGk okfgyh ja
rgkusyk feGa dnh ve`rkpk ?kksV
ijrwu tkbZ R;kpa okMY;kya rkV
vkanGîkua ikaxGîkyk okV nkoyh ja
R;kxkeanh yiyk ja ybZ eksV~Vk ekuß1
euq"; dks R;kx dh mTToy ijaijk ls tqM+us dh lykg nsusokyk txnh'k [kscwMdj dk mi;qZDr
xhr fu'p; gh okLrfod thou dh xgjkb;ksa ls gesa ifjfpr djkrk gSA flQZ vius lq[k vkSj
nq%[k esa gh u vVddj vius R;kx ds n~okjk lkjs lekt esa lEeku izkIr djus dh vksj fn'kkfunsZ'k
djusokyk ;g xhr fu'p; gh iz'kaluh; gSA
euq"; thou esa laiRrh dk egRRo vuU;lk/kkj.k gSA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd euq"; ds
fy, iSlk gh vafre lp cu x;k gSA fdarq mls ekywe ugha gS fd lkjs ikiksa dh tM+ ;g iSlk gh
gSA euq"; iSlksa ij gh thrk gS vkSj iSlksa ds fy, gh ejrk gSA Hkxoku ls tknk bl nqfu;k esa /ku
dks vf/kd egRRo izkIr gks x;k gSA ftlds ikl /ku gS mlds gh dke gksrs gaS ;g vfyf[kr ladsr
cu x;k gSA bu iSlksa us ,slh tknw dh gS fd mlds lkeus lkjs fj'rs&ukrs fQds iM+us yxrs gSaA
NksVk cPpk Hkh viuh ek¡ dks NksM+ bl iSls ds ihNs yxrk gS ;g okLro gSA tUe ls ysdj e`R;q
rd gj dksbZ bu iSlksa dk gh xqyke gS bl dVq thoun'kZu dks txnh'k [kscwMdj us bu 'kCnksa esa
vafdr fd;k gS&
Þckjk MksGîkauh ikia lkjh] ukjk;.k cxrks
iS'kkik;h ekuql ejrks] iS'kkoj txrks
oklqnsokph ,sdk okuh] txkr UgkbZ jke js
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 3] i`- 89
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276
nke djh dke ;sMîk] nke djh dke js-
iS'kkph tknw ybZ U;kjh] rkU;k iksjkyk R;kph gko
vkbZ lksMwu ?ksra; >si] iS'kkP;k ekxquh /kkoa
tyekiklwu lkjh ekula gîk iS'kkph xqyke js-ß1
dguk lgh gksxk fd iSlk gh thou ugha gS ekuus dh izo`Rrh tc rd ugha iuirh rc rd lekt
{kf.kd eksg esa gh vVddj lgh lq[k ls oafpr jg tk,xkA thou dk lgh lq[k R;kx vkSj
leiZ.k esa gS fdarq lekt ^Lo^ rd gh lhfer jgk gS tks ,d cgqr cM+k fparu dk fo"k; gS ftldh
vksj izLrqr xhr ds ek/;e ls txnh'k [kscwMdj us /;ku f[kapk gSA iSlk gh thou esa loZLo ugha gS
cfYd izse ] n;k] d:.kk ds lkeus iSlk Hkh vikfgt cu tkrk gSA Je ij thusokyksa dh utj esa
esgur ls dekbZ jksVh dh fder gh nqfu;k esa lcls T;knk gksrh gSA ?kj dk lkSHkkX; ] lq[k] 'kkafr
rFkk ekaxY; gh muds fy, rhFkZLFkyksa ls de ugha gksrk gSA txnh'k [kscwMdj ds vuqlkj &
Þ;k ek;keers Egksja iSlkp ikaxGk Bjrks
d"Vkph Hkkdjh feGrk lalkj lq[kkpk Hkjrks
?kjkr ;srk xaxkekbZ ?kjkr pkjh /kke js---ß2
Li"V gS fd txnh'k [kscwMdj us nksuksa i{k gekjs lkeus izLrqr fd, gSaA vkt euq"; ds fy, iSlk
egRRoiw.kZ cu x;k gS ;g lp gS fQj Hkh dqN ,sls rRRo ekStwn gSa ftlds lkeus iSlk dqN Hkh ugha
gSA la{ksi esa dguk gks rks euq"; ds thou esa iSlk gh lcdqN ugha gS blh ckr dk /;ku j[kdj
vxj og thou;kiu djrk gS rks og lgh vFkZ esa lq[k dk Hkkxh gksxkA
txnh'k [kscwMdj dk ^vkEgh tkrks veqP;k xkok^ fQYe dk ,d izfln~/k nk'kZfud xhr gS
ftlds dkj.k mUgksaus cMh [;kfr ikbZ gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd gekjk lkjk nsg gh ,d vyekjh
dh rjg gS ftlesa HkfDr lekfgr gSA vko';drk gS mlds njokts [kqyus dhA [kscwMdj dgrs
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj &fp=kxaxk Hkkx 2] i`- 9
2- ogh] i`- 10
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gSa fd dksbZ vxj cwjk dk;Z djrk gS rks mldk vareZu mls vanj gh vanj dqjsnrk jgrk gSA tSls
fcYyh dks yxrk gS fd nw/k ihrs le; mls dksbZ ns[k ugha jgk gS ;k tSls pksjh djusokys pksj ds
eu esa pk¡n.kh jkr dk Mj gksrk gSA dqN yksx fnu esa vPNs deZ djds lekt esa iz'kalk ikuk
pkgrs gaS fdarq ogh vkneh jkr esa iki deksZ esa fyIr jgrs gSaA vr% ,sls yksxksa us fdrus Hkh iki fd,
rks mudk izk;f'pRk mUgsa [kqn dks gh Hkqxruk iMrk gSA euq"; ds ;FkkFkZ thou&n'kZu dks
txnh'k [kscwMdj us bu 'kCnksa esa vafdr fd;k gS &
Þnsgkph frtksjh HkDrhpkp Bsok
m?kM nkj nsok vkrk] m?kM nkj nsok-
firs nw/k MksGs feVquh tkr ekatjkph
euh pksjVîkP;k dk js Hkhrh pkan.;kph ---
mtsMkr gksrs iq.; va/kkjkr iki
T;kps R;kps gkrh vkgs drZO;kps eki ---ß1
dguk mfpr gksxk dh thou esa iki ls cpdj jgus dh lykg nsusokyk ;g thou n'kZu fu'p;
gh vkn'kZ dk nîksrd gSA
vkt&dy euq"; dh ijksidkj o`fRr de gksrh tk jgh gSA vius vkSj viuksa rd fleV
x;k ;g balku rkysa yxkdj viuh /kuy{eh dks dSn dj nsrk gS ftlds dkj.k ml /kuy{eh dk
tUe gh tSls fu:i;ksxh cu tkrk gSA blfy, [kscwMdj dgrs gaS fd vkids fy, ;g lqvolj gS
fd vki y{eh dks ijksidkj ds ek/;e ls vktkn djsaA lkFk gh tks vki ij midkj djrk gS
mlds izfr vkidks ftruk laHko gS enn dh Hkkouk j[kuh pkfg, rFkk tks gekjs fy, le; ij
dke vkrk gS mlds ladV ds le; vkidks mldh rjQ gkFk c<kuk pkfg, ;gh lPpk
ekuorkokn gSA ^bZ";kZ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa txnh'k [kscwMdj us blh ckr dks bu 'kCnksa esa
vafdr fd;k gS &
ÞdMhdqyikr rq>h nkSyrhph ek;k
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj&fp=kxaxk Hkkx 1] i`- 65
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y{ehpk tye gîks tkbZy dk ok;k
lksU;kokuh la/kh vkyh djh midkj-
oatGhua feGa rqyk ewBHkj |koa
;Gaojh fnya R;syk yk[keksy ;koa ---
ladVkpa ?kko lkslR;kr lkjh
dqukP;k ch :ikua gîks nso mHkk nkjh ---ß 1
Li"V gS fd yqIr gksrh tk jgh ijksidkj dh Hkkouk dh vksj txnh'k [kscwMdj mi;qZDr xhr ds
ek/;e ls b'kkjk djrs gSa Tkks vkt ds ;qx esa euq"; ds thoun'kZu dh n`f"V ls izklafxd yxrk gSA
var esa dguk lgh gksxk fd txnh'k [kscwMdj ds thou ehekalk fo"k;d nk'kZfud xhrksa
esa euq"; ds thou fo"k;d vkn'kZ vkSj mnkRr fopkjksa dk ifjektZu gqvk gSA muds ;s xhr ladV
esa Hkh lR; vkSj f'ko dk lkFk u NksM+us ds fy, gesa izsfjr djrs gSaA vPNs&cwjs ] iki&iq.; dh
foHkktu js[kkvksa ls ifjfpr djkusokys ;s xhr fu'p; gh lekt dh fodkl'khy ijaijk dks
uSfrd n`f"V ls izksRlkgu nsus esa mi;qDr fln~/k gksaxsA
7777----3333----2 LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr 2 LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr 2 LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr 2 LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr −
euq"; vkSj lekt&thou vuqHkwfr;ksa ls le`n~/k curk gSA lekt esa ?kfVr gksus okyh
vPNh&cqjh ?kVukvksa ds dkj.k gh euq"; thou esa rFkk lekt ds O;kid Lrj ij veqykxz
ifjorZu gksrk gSA dqN cqjs vuqHko gesa cqjs dk;Z ls cpus ds fy, izsfjr djrs gaS rks vPNs vuqHkoksa
dk HkkaMkj gekjh thou rFkk O;kid Lrj ij lekt dks le`n~/k djus ds fy, egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA ;g NksVs&NksVs vuqHko gh gekjs thou ds lgh fn'kkfunZs'ku ds fy, lcls tknk
dkjxj fln~/k gksrs gSaA xhrdkj xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds nk'kZfud xhrks esa
LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhrksa ds txg&txg ij n'kZu gksrs gSaA blds ihNs bu nksuksa egku
foHkwfr;ksa dk lekt ds izfr ns[kus dk LokuqHkwfrewyd n`f"Vdks.k gh egRRoiw.kZ gSA
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 3] i`- 74
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279
vkneh nq%[k esa ;k rugkbZ esa [kqn dks fujk'k] vdsyk ikrk gSA nqfu;k esa lcls T;knk
nq%[k eq>s gh gS ,sls ekuus okyksa dks ;g irk ugha gksrk gS fd nqfu;k esa ,sls fdrus gh yksx gSa tks
nq%[k ] nnZ vkSj rugkbZ esa xqtkjk djrs gSaA ^fdukjk^ fQYe dk uk;d [kqn dks rugk eglwl dj
jgk gS fdarq xqytkj fy[krs gaS fd flQZ rqe vdsys ugha gks] oSls ns[kk tk, rks lHkh vdsys gSaA
blfy, viuh rugkbZ rFkk nq%[k dh f'kdk;r fdlh ls u djus dh ek¡x xqytkj us bu
izfrdkRed 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls dh gS &
Þviuh rugkbZ dk vkSjksa ls u f'kdok djuk
rqe vdsys gh ugha gks lHkh vdsys gSa ß1
dguk xyr ugha gksxk fd vkneh lq[k esa lekt ls dksbZ okLrk ugha j[kuk pkgrk fdarq ogh
vkneh nq%[k esa gj fdlh ls f'kdk;r djrk jgrk gSA ysfdu mls ekywe ugha gksrk gS fd nqfu;k
esa fdrus gh yksx nq%[kh gSaA fcydqy ekfeZd vkSj izfrdkRed 'kCnksa esa vafdr gqbZ bl vuqHkwfr ls
gj dksbZ ifjfpr gksxk blesa lansg ughaA
gj vkneh oDr dk ekjk gSA fdlh ds fy, rks og tknk gh nnZnkbZ gksrk gSA tc rd
thrs gSa] tyrs jgrs gSaA mu tyusokyksa dks lekt flQZ lgkuqHkwfr nsus ds vykok dqN ugha
djrkA dqN iy ds fy, mUgsa yxrk gS fd mUgsa yxh vkx de gks jgh gS rHkh dgha ls fQj dksbZ
fpaxkjh muds t[eksa dks gok ns tkrh gSAml lkekU; vkneh dh O;Fkk bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr gqbZ gS &
ÞeSa oDr dk eqtfje gw¡ ysfdu
bl oDr us u;k balkQ fd;k
tc rd thrs gks] tyrs jgks
ty tkvks rks dguk ekQ fd;k
ty tk, tjk&lh fpaxkjh
rks vkSj gok fey tkrh gSß2
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 76
2- ogh] i`- 81
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280
izLrqr xhr ds ek/;e ls xqytkj crkuk pkgrs gSa fd dqN yksxksa dh fu;rh gh ,slh gksrh gS fd
muds ulhc esa flQZ nq%[k vkSj nnZ gh fy[kk gksrk gSA muds t[eksa dks gok nsus ds ctk; lekt
us mu ij ejge yxkus dh t:jr gSA
thou ds lQj esa fujk/kkj vkSj iFkfofgu ifFkdksa dks cM+h eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djrk
iMrk gSA lrr la?k"kZ'khy jguk gh muds thou dh vfuok;Zrk cu tkrh gS] ckotwn blds dh
mUgsa fdlh rjg dk lgkjk ugha gksrk gSA ftl rjg dkxt dh dfLr;ksa dks dksbZ fdukjk ugha
feyrk mlh rjg bu lQj djusokyksa dk Hkh dksbZ fdukjk ugha gksrk gSA ftuls lgkjs fd vis{kk
gksrh gS os lgkjs gh vxj [kqn ds lgkjs ls fcNM+ tk, rks ge fdls lgkjk ek¡xs \ ,slh dfBu
fLFkfr esa vxj dksbZ e¡>/kkj esa gh lgkjs ds fy, vk tk, rks mls D;k dgk tk, \ ogh iDdk
lgkjk gS &
Þlkfgyksa is cgusokys
dHkh lquk rks gksxk dgha
dkxtksa dh df'r;ksa dk
dksbZ fdukjk gksrk ughaA
ikfu;ksa esa cg jgs gSa
dbZ fdukjs VwVs gq,
jkLrksa esa fey x, gSa
lHkh lgkjs NwVs gq,A
dksbZ lgkjk ] e¡>/kkj esa feys rks
viuk lgkjk gS
vks ek¡>h js ---ß1
ladV dh ?kM+h esa gj fdlh dks lgkjs dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ml oDr feyusokyk lgkjk gh
fpjLFkk;h gksrk gSA
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 56
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le; ds lkFk pyusokys gh vius thou esa ges'kk lQy gksrs gSaA pkgs os cslgkjk gh D;ksa
u gks fdarq mUgksaus viuh nq%[kn nkLrkuksa dks NksM+ lekt ds eq[; izokg esa vkus dh t:jr gSA
^jkgxhj^ fQYe dk uk;d tUe ls cslgkjk gSA u ?kj ] u ?kkV vkSj u gh fdlh vk¡xu dk lgkjk
mlds ulhc esa gSA fQj Hkh og vkokjk ] eLr gSA lHkh tdM+uksa dks rksM+ [kqn dks Lora=k eglwl
dj jgk gSA tks fny esa vk, mlh ds vuqlkj clj djus ds dkj.k mlds thou esa [kq'kh Nk;h gSA
bldk egRRoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g gS fd mlus viuk uxj] lkfgy dks NksM+ chp e¡>/kkj esa gh pyus dk
QSlyk fd;k gSA ml uk;d dh vuqHkwfr bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr gqbZ gS &
Þtue ls catkjk gw¡ ca/kq] tue&tue catkjk
dgha dksbZ ?kj u ?kkV u v¡xukjk
tgk¡ dgha Bgj x;k fny] geus Mkys Msjs
jkr dgha uedhu feyh rks ehBs lk¡>&losjs
dHkh uxjh NksM+h ] lkfgy NksM+k] fy;k e¡>/kkjk js ---1ß
dguk mfpr gksxk fd gj euq"; dks nq%[k gksrk gS fQj Hkh mls nq%[k esa gh ges'kk f?kjdj ugha jguk
pkfg,A vkRefo'okl vkSj ifjJe ds cycwrs ij mls Å¡ph Nyk¡x yxkuh pkfg, ftlls og lq[k
izkIr dj ldsA la{ksi esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd xqytkj us lekt dks ftruk utnhd ls ns[kk gS
mldk ifjikd gh gS fd mUgsa LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhrksa esa i;kZIr ek=kk esa lQyrk feyh gSA
txnh'k [kscwMdj ,sls xhrdkj gSa ftUgksaus lkekftd ;FkkFkZ dks&pkgs og vPNk gks ;k
cqjk viuh vkWa[kksa ls ns[kk gS] eglwl fd;k gSA blh dkj.k mudh vuqHkwfr;k¡ gh mUgsa
LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhrksa ds ys[ku ds fy, izo`Rr djrh jgh gSA lekt esa vPNkbZ dks
fn[kkusokys dbZ lk/ku ekStwn gSa rks cqjh izo`fRr;ksa dks vuns[kk djus dk izpyu c<+ jgk gSA gj
jkst ds vuqHko gh euq"; dks le`n~/k djrs gSa c'krsZ blds fy, oks vk¡[ksa gksuh pkfg,A
txnh'k [kscwMdj n~okjk lekt ns[kk lp ys[kuhcn~/k u gksrk rks gh vk'p;Z A muds
dbZ xhr gSa ftlesa mUgksaus lekt ds nnZukd lp dk vuqHko fy;k gSA lekt esa fdrus gh
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 47
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xqukgxkj] 'kjkch vkSj tqvkjh gSa ftuls lkjk lekt vkØkar gSA gj dksbZ muds djrqrksa dks
vuqHko djrk gSA vehj cuus dh ykylk us mUgsa jsl ds ?kksM+s cuk, gaSA yxke dks NksM+ os LoSj
O;ogkj dj jgs gSaA dqN iSlksa ds fy, og nwljksa dk [kwu rd djus ds fy, rS;kj gaSA bruh
Hk;kud fLFkfr vkbZ gS fd dksbZ fdlh dks ywVrk gS rks dksbZ lkjk xk¡o gh tyk Mkyrk gSA cxy esa
Nwjh vkSj eq[k esa jke tSlk O;ogkj djusokyksa ls gh lkjk lekt Hkjk iMk gSA lekt esa QSys bl
nqO;Zogkj dk txnh'k [kscwMdj ^nke djh dke^ fQYe esa cM+s lVhd 'kCnksa esa vadu djrs gSa &
Þdquh tqxkj lV~Vsckt dqfu [ksGa eqacbZ eVdk
pkaMkG pkSdMh terk dqfu ?ksrks ,dp ?kqVdk
'k;Zr ?kksMk pkS[kwj lqVyk] Qsdyk R;kua yxke jsa-
gîk doMh&neMh ik;h] dqfu jkdql ?ksbZ tho
dqfu Mkdk njksMk ?kkyh] dqfu tkGwu Vkdh xko
cxyaeanh lqjh nq/kkjh] eq[kh nsokpa uko js ---ß1
lekt esa ?kfVr gksusokys bl lp ls dksbZ vutku gS ,slh ckr ugha gSA blds fojks/k esa vkokt
mBkus dh vko';drk gSA izLrqr xhr ds ek/;e ls bls cy feyrk gSA
txnh'k [kscwMdj dh utj esa balku vkSj balkfu;r dh cM+h vgfe;r gSA vDlj ge
ns[krs gSa fd vkt&dy balkfu;r yqIr gksrh tk jgh gSA balkfu;r dk gksVy vkt jkg ns[k jgk
gS ysfdu ;gk¡ ij flQZ LokFkZ vkSj n~os"k ls Hkjs yksx gh fn[kkbZ nsus yxs gSaA balkfu;r ds
lkFk&lkFk yksxksa us LokfHkeku dks Hkh frykatfy nh gSA isV Hkjus ds fy, rFkk {kf.kd lq[k ds eksg
esa vkdj mlus viuh vkRek dks Hkh csp Mkyk gSA mldh fLFkfr ykpkj dqRrs ls Hkh cnrj cu xbZ
gSA og flQZ fn[kkos ds fy, lk/kw cu tkrk gS fdarq lPpkbZ ;g gS fd vius dkys dkjukeksa dks
Nqikus ds fy, gh og eq[k esa bZ'oj dk uke ysdj yksxksa dks] lekt dks Bxkrk jgrk gSA txnh'k
[kscwMdj ,d xhr esa bl izo`fRr dk ekfeZd fp=k.k bu 'kCnksa esa djrs gSa &
Þgs ekuqldhpa gkVsy c?kra; okV
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj&fp=kxaxk Hkkx 2] i`- 9
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dquh fr[kkV HksVrks; fgra dquh xqGekV
rqdMîklkBh ykpkj gksÅu
'ksiwV gyoh dq=kk-
gîk xnhZeanh blj iMrks nsokpk
rksaMku pkyrks xtj uqlR;k ukokpk
dkGîk iS'kkph pkanh ?ksÅu
nsoGkyk ekjrh irjk ---ß1
lekt dks ,slh xyr izo`fRr;ksa dks le;≤ ij [knsM+ nsuk gksxk rHkh lekt esa LoLFk
okrkoj.k dh fufeZfr gksxhA
lkekU; vkneh vius lkalkfjd thou esa tSls&rSls thou O;rhr djus ds fy, vfHk'kIr
gSA txnh'k [kscwMdj dgrs gSa fd lkalkfjd thou dk eryc ,d dSn gS ftlls eqfDr ugha gSA
gesa feyusokyh lgkuqHkwfr;k¡ flQZ fn[kkok gksrk gSA izse] eerk ;s lkjs 'kCn udyh cu x, gSa A
gj fdlh ds eu esa LokFkZ fNik gksrk gSA fQj Hkh ,slh fLFkfr esa euq"; dks viuk /kS;Z ugha [kksuk
pkfg, cfYd blls eqDr gksus ds fy, mls ubZ fgEer ls Nyk¡x yxkuh gksxhA bl le; Hkxoku
Hkh mlds lkFk gksxk D;ksafd iz;kl djusokys dk lkFk Hkxoku Hkh nsrk gSA euq"; ds fodkl vkSj
mn~/kkj dh ?kM+h utnhd vkbZ gS c'krsZ mls iz;klksa dh vko';drk gSA ykpkj euq"; dks fgEer
trkrs gq, txnh'k [kscwMdj fy[krs gSa &
ÞlalkjkP;k rqjaxkeanh dSn rqyk >kyh js
HkksGîk [kqGîk thok vkrk rwp rq>k okyh js-
[kksVh ek;k [kksVh eerk
Tkks rks vkgs LokFkkZiqjrk
udks /khj lksMw ;sMîk] udks MksGa xkGw ---
>si ?ksbZ eqDrhlkBh
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 3] i`- 85
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nso rqÖ;k iq<rh ikBh
rqÖ;k mn~/kkjkph vkrk toG ?kMh vkyh- ß1
txnh'k [kscwMdj izLrqr xhr ds ek/;e ls yksxksa esa vk'kk dh T;ksr txkdj muesa thus dh ubZ
yyd rFkk meax iSnk djuk pkgrs gSaA
var esa dguk lgh gksxk fd txnh'k [kscwMdj ds LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr
lekt&thou ds fy, vko';d fln~/kkarksa vkSj ewY;ksa dh j{kk gsrq iz;kl djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ds ek/;e ls ekuo&thou rFkk lekt ds fodkl'khy okrkoj.k dh fufeZfr
gsrq ;g xhr fu'p; gh mi;ksxh fln~/k gksrs gSa rFkk gksrs jgsaxs blesa lansg ughaA
7777----3333----3 uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k 3 uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k 3 uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k 3 uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k −
nk'kZfud xhrksa esa uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k egRRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gSA ikfjokfjd]
lkekftd] jktuhfrd] lkaLd`frd] jk"Vªh; rFkk oSf'od Lrj ij ns[kk tk, rks HkkSfrd laiUurk
ls T;knk uSfrd laiUurk dk egRRo vf/kd ekuk tkrk gSA fdlh euq"; ;k fdlh jk"Vª dh
laiUurk mlds /ku ij ugha cfYd vkpkj&fopkj vkSj uhfr&ewY;ksa dh le`fn~/k ij ukih tkrh gSA
vke lekt esa fdl rjg dh uhfreRrk dk izpyu gS ;k uSfrdrk dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gS ;k
ugha bu ckrksa ij ml lekt ds Lrj dk ekinaM+ gksrk gSA vktdy uSfrdrk dks frykatfy
nsusokyh vusd ?kVuk,¡ ?kfVr gks jgh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa uSfrdrk dks n'kkZusokys xhrksa ds ek/;e
ls lekteu dk ifjorZu laHko gS vkSj bl n`f"V ls xhrdkj xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds
uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k dks Li"V djusokys xhr viuh egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSaA
xhrdkj xqytkj Lo;a uSfrdrk dk ikyu djusokys l'kDr xhrdkj gSa vkSj bl n`f"V ls
uSfrdrk muds nk'kZfud xhrksa dk dsanzfcnq jgh gSA uSfrdrk dh orZeku nqnZ'kk dk vadu muds
xhrksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls mHkjdj vk;k gSA vkt ge ns[krs gSa fd lHkh txg >wBsiu dk gh cksyckyk
gSA fdlh Hkh lp ds ihNs >wB gh gksrk gS rFkk vkt >wB dks gh lp ekuus vkSj euokus dh izFkk
:<+ gks jgh gSA >wB ,d xe cu x;k gS rks lp ,d cyk D;ksafd lPpkbZ dk Lohdkj djus dh
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 2] i`- 32
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ekufldrk vc fdlh ds ikl ugha jgh gSA bruk gh ugha rks lp ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh uqdlku
gh Hkqxruk iM+rk gS bruk >wB dk izHkko c<+ jgk gSA dkys dkjukesa djusokyksa ds fny Hkh
dkysiu ls Hkjs gq, gSa tks lekt esa xanxh gh ugha QSykrs rks eklwe yksxksa ls ekSr dk [ksy Hkh
[ksyrs gSaA iki vkSj ikfi;ksa us ikyh ;g vuSfrdrk lkjs lekt ds fy, fo/oaldkjh fln~/k gks jgh
gSA ^vDl^ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa xqytkj us vuSfrdrk dk inkZQk'k bu 'kCnksa esa fd;k gS &
ÞHkyk cqjk] cqjk Hkyk gS
[kksVs ij [kjk iyk gS
>wB lp dk D;k irk gS
,d xe gS bd cyk gS ---
dkyk gS rks dkyk gksxk
ekSr dk elkyk gksxk
iki us tuk ugha rks
ikfi;ksa us ikyk gksxk ß1
Li"V gS fd ,sls ifjos'k esa lPpkbZ dk ne ?kqV tkrk gS vkSj lekt esa xyr :f<+;k¡ izpfyr gks
tkrh gaS ftlds nq"ifj.kke O;kid Lrj ij meM+ iM+rs gSaA blfy, lPpkbZ dk lkFk nsusokyh
vkSj >wBsiu dks csudkc djusokyh O;oLFkk dk leFkZu djus dh t:jr gSA
^choh vkSj edku ^ fQYe esa Hkh xqytkj us lp vkSj >wB ds ek/;e ls uSfrdrk dk
O;aX;kRedrk ds lkFk vadu fd;k gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd nqfu;k esa lp vkSj >wB ;s nksuksa gh
l;kus thus ds cgkus gSaA flQZ lp cksyus ls dke ugha pyrk rks vkt fjokt+ cu x;k gS fd >wB
cksydj gh vki lekt ij viuh Nki NksM+ ldrs gSa rks lp cksyus ij vkids xys eqf'dy Hkh iM+
ldrh gSA yksxksa dks vkt myVh ckr dh bruh vknr iM xbZ gS fd lh/kh ckr ls mUgsa Mj yxrk
gSA lp vkSj >wB nksuksa dk cgqr iqjkuk fj'rk gSA ,d&nwljsa ds fcuk os ugha jgrs cfYd dgs rks
os nks vk¡[kksa esa jgrs gSaA dHkh lp rks dHkh >wB cksydj nqfu;k dks Q¡lkrs jgrs gSaA iki] iq.; vkSj
1- xqytkj & NSa;k&NSa;k] i`- 94
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iNrkok tSlh ckrsa vkt dkyckgî gks xbZ gSA og ckrsa vkt dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krs D;ksafd mu
lHkh dk ewY; ,dleku gks x;k gSA xqytkj vius eu dh HkM+kl dks O;aX;kRed 'kSyh eas bu 'kCnksa
esa O;Dr djrs gSa &
Þnqfu;k esa nks l;kus
,d >wB gS] ,d lp gS
thus ds nks cgkus
,d >wB gS] ,d lp gSA
>wB dgk fd Nk x, ikis
lp cksyk fd ej x,
myVh ckr le> esa vkbZ
lh/kh ckr ls Mj x,A
>wB vkSj lp nks ;kj iqjkus
nks vk¡[kksa esa jgrs gSa
ckjh&ckjh ns[kds nqfu;k
vk¡[k ekjds dgrs gSa
iki] iq.; vkSj iNrkok gS
,d gh tki ds nkusAß1
vkt lp vkSj >wB dk Hksn feV jgk gS ;g ,d cgqr cM+h foM+acuk gSA blls gksusokyh gkfu
fdruh fo/oald gS ;g lekt vuqHko dj jgk gSA uSfrdrk dk iru djusokys bl rRRo us
O;kid Lrj ij viuk izHkko NksM+k gS ftlls cpus ds fy, gesa fQj ls uSfrd ewY;ksa dh j{kk gsrq
iz;kl djus gksaxsA xqytkj ds xhr bl n`f"V ls vPNk iz;kl gSA
^xqM~Mh^ fQYe ds ,d xhr esa xqytkj vareZu ls tqM+h uSfrd Hkkoukvksa ij fot; ikus dh
ek¡x djrs gSaA eu dh 'kfDr gh bruh izcy gS fd og lHkh cwjh 'kfDr;ksa ij fot; gkfly dj
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 142
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ldrh gSA blds fy, vko';d gS fd bl tfVy dk;Z esa nwljksa ls igys [kqn dks t; feys rkfd
nwljs Hkh blls dqN vkn'kZ ys ldsA lcls igys Lo;a ds eu ls gh Hksn&Hkko u"V gksuk pkfg,
rFkk vxj nksLrksa ls dksbZ Hkwy gksrh gS rks mls ekQ djus dh mnkjrk geesa vkuh pkfg,A >wB ls
cpdj lp dk lkFk nsus dh fgEer gesa izkIr gksA [kqn ij bruk gkSlyk cuk, j[kuk pkfg, fd
dksbZ Hkh cqjh ckr gesa izHkkfor u dj lds] tSls &
Þ gedks eu dh 'kfDr nsuk] eu fot; djsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dks t; djsa ---
Hksn&Hkko vius fny ls lkQ dj ldas
nksLrksa ls Hkwy gks rks ekQ dj ldsa
>wB ls cps jgsa] lp dk ne Hkjsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dks t; djsa
gedks eu dh 'kfDr nsuk ---ß1
dguk xyr ugha gksxk fd mi;qZDr xhrksa esa lfEefyr lHkh uSfrdrk fo"k;d fln~/kkrksa
dk vuqikyu vxj lekt n~okjk fd;k tk, rks lekt esa iqu% ,d ckj 'kqn~/k uSfrdrk vkSj LoLFk
lkaLd`frd ifjos'k dk ekgkSy iSnk gksxkA fQYeh xhr esa uSfrdrk ds lao/kZu gsrq fd;k xqytkj
dk ;g iz;kl fu'p; gh iz'kaluh; gSA
txnh'k [kscwMdj ds nk'kZfud xhrksa esa uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k dks Li"V djusokys
xhrksa dh la[;k i;kZIr ek=kk esa feyrh gSA ejkBh flusek T;knkrj ikfjokfjd fo"k;ksa ij dsafnzr
jgk gSA bl n`f"V ls ekuo lekt ls tqM+usokys uSfrd&vuSfrdrk dk fp=k.k mu fQYeksa esa
fn[kkbZ nsuk LokHkkfod gSA vuk;kl gh bl ckr dk ejkBh fQYeh xhrksa ij Hkh izHkko iM+k gS vkSj
txnh'k [kscwMdj ds xhr bl fn'kk esa vxz.kh gSaA
txnh'k [kscwMdj ds xhrksa esa vuSfrdrk dk c< jgk izpyu ekfeZdrk ds lkFk mtkxj
gqvk gSA muds vuqlkj lq[k&nq%[k vkSj vk'kk&fujk'kkvksa ls Hkjk gekjk thou dbZ dM+oh ckrksa
-----------------------------------------------------------
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 52
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dk Lohdkj djus ds fy, vfHk'kIr gSA xjhch] nkfjnzî ,d jksx gS ftlls xjhc NqVdkjk ikuk
pkgrs gSa fdarq foMa+cuk ;g gS fd xjhc vkSj xjhch dk yksx etkd mM+kus yxs gSaA laosnukvksa ds
Lrj ij gqvk ;g uSfrd guu fu'p; gh nnZnk;h gSA nq%[k esa th jgs yksx lq[k ds fnu vkus dh
vk'kk ij thou thrs gSa ysfdu mudk HkzeHkax gksrk gS D;ksafd os izkekf.kdrk ds lkFk thou;kiu
djrs gSaA mUgsa ;g ekywe ugha gksrk gS lq[k] nq%[k] xjhch ls fdlh dks dksbZ okLrk ugha gSA gj
dksbZ O;ogkjh cu x;k gSA bl pyrs&fQjrs O;kogkfjd ?kksMs+ ij cSBus ds fy, gj dksbZ vkrqj gS
vkSj blij pksj&pDds gh lokj gks ldrs gSa ;g ,d lPpkbZ gSA izkekf.kd dke djusokyk dHkh
O;ogkjh ugha cu ldrk vkSj ;gha ij uSfrdrk ijkftr gksrh gSA txnh'k [kscwMdj viuh bl
O;Fkk dk vadu cMs+ ekfeZdrk ds lkFk bu 'kCnksa esa djrs gSa &
Þxfjchpk flusek c?kk lksMquh ykt
Lkq[kklax nq%[kkph ,sdk oktrh;k >kat
osMh vk'kk ckgqyh gksÅu
mxkp nkorh;k u[kjk-
gîks fQjrks ?kksM+k uko R;kpa O;ogkj
dquh pksj vlay R;ksa Vkax Vkdquh Lokjß1
nqO;Zogkfj;ksa dks uSfrd&vuSfrdrk ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrkA fdarq bl O;ogkj ls lkekU;
vkneh nq%[kh gS ftlls og futkr ikus ds fy, rM+irk jgrk gSA fdarq nqHkkZX; ls mls dksbZ jkLrk
ugha fey jgk gSA xhrdkj txnh'k [kscwMdj us vius xhrksa ds ek/;e ls bl rM+i dks mtkxj
djus dk fd;k iz;kl fu'p; gh lekt fgr dh n`f"V ls mi;ksxh gSA
LokFkhZ yksx LokFkZ ls lekt esa pkgs ftruk /ku izkIr djs fdarq os lEeku] 'kkafr vkSj lq[k
ugha izkIr dj ldrs D;ksafd mudk LokFkZ ges'kk muds vareZu dks dqjsnrk jgrk gSA nhokj ij
Vk¡xs niZ.k esa ftl rjg viuh izfrek fn[kkbZ nsrh gS mlh rjg mUgsa mudh LokFkhZ izfrek fn[kkbZ
nsus yxrh gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa [kqn dh izfrek ls uQjr gksus yxrh gSA blfy,
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 1] i`- 85
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txnh'k [kscwMdj dgrs gSa fd le;≤ ij vijkf/k;ksa esa vPNk ifjorZu gksuk pkfg, rHkh
lekt ls cwjh izo`fRr;kWaaa u"V gksdj lekt esa vPNkbZ dh gok cgsxhA uSfrdrk ds Lrj ij gqvk
ifjorZu fu'p; gh lekt ds fy, ykHknk;h fln~/k gksxkA bruk gh ugha rks dksbZ vxj vPNs
dk;Z gsrq cqjh ckr djrk gS rks Hkh og iz'kalkyk;d gS D;ksafd mldk mn~ns'; egku gSA fu;eksa
dh utj esa og xqukgxkj cu ldrk gS fdarq O;kid Lrj ij mlds dk;Z ls mls vkarfjd lq[k
izkIr gksrk gS fd og dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrkA txnh'k [kscwMdj fy[krs gSa &
ÞLokFkZ t.kw fHkarhojpk vkjlk fcyksjh
vkiyhp izfrek gksrs] vkiqyhp oSjh
?kMks?kM~h vijk/;kapk] rksy lkojkok ---
Hkysi.kklkBh dks.kh] cqjsi.kk dsyk
ca/kukr vlquh osMk] txh eqDr >kyk
vkiqY;kp lkS[;kykxh djhy dk; rks gsok- ß1
izLrqr xhr ds vk/kkj ij ;g dguk mfpr gksxk fd cwjh izo`fRr;k¡ Hkh vxj vPNkbZ esa rCnhy gksrh
gSa rks lekt esa gksusokyk ldkjkRed ifjorZu fu'p; gh lq[knk;h gksxkA bl xhr ds ek/;e ls
;g vkdka{kk trkuk bl fn'kk esa vPNk ladsr gSA bl rjg ds ifjorZu ls lekt esa LoLFk
okrkoj.k dh fufeZfr gsrq tehu rS;kj gksxh blesa lansg ughaA
ekuo thou ij NkbZ vuSfrdrk fdruh Hkh dM+oh D;ksa u gks mldh ijkt; fuf'pr gSA
>wBsiu] Qjsc rFkk vijk/kh Hkkouk ls feyusokyk {kf.kd lq[k ;k /kuykHk fdruk Hkh gks fdarq
lPpkbZ ds lkeus mldh dher dqN Hkh ugha gSA lp ds lkeus og fdruh Hkh bZ";kZ djs] fn[kkos
dk <ksax djs fdarq lPpkbZ dk iyM+k ges'kk Hkkjh gksrk gSA v¡/ksjk fdruk Hkh lwjt ds lkFk cjkcjh
djus dk iz;kl djs og eq¡g ds cy fxjrk gS vkSj ges'kk gksrk ;g vk jgk gS fd lwjt us v¡/ksjs dks
fuxy Mkyk gSA mlh rjg vuSfrd deZ fdruk Hkh tksj yxk, iq.; ges'kk mlij gkoh gksrk gS]
mls fxyad`r djrk gS] mldk uk'k djrk gSA bruk gh ugha uSfrdrk ds lkeus vuSfrdrk dks
lhj >wdkuk gh iMrk gSA txnh'k [kscwMdj fy[krs gSa &
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 3] i`- 65
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Þlq;kZlax bZ";kZ djrks; va/kkj xk va/kkj
mtsM R;kyk fxGrks Eg.kwu cstkj xk cstkj
ikikP;k Egksaja iq.;kbZ Bjrh;k Hkkjh ---ß1
mi;qZDr xhr esa txnh'k [kscwMdj us cMs lqanj 'kCnksa esa izfrdkRedrk ds lkFk uSfrd i{k dk
izcy leFkZu fd;k gSA lkFk gh vuSfrdrk dh iksy [kksydj mlds nq"ifj.kkeksa ls gesa voxr
djk;k gSA
var esa dguk lgh gksxk dh txnh'k [kscwMdj us vius xhrksa ds ek/;e ls ekuo thou esa
QSyrh tk jgh vuSfrdrk dks mtkxj fd;k gS lkFk gh bl ckr dh vksj lpsr Hkh fd;k gS fd
vuSfrd O;ogkj ls vki {kf.kd lq[k izkIr Hkh dj ldrs gaS fdarq vkidks vxj lekt esa lEeku ls
thuk gS rks uSfrd ewY;ksa dk ikyu vki ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA bruk gh ugha vuSfrd O;ogkj
djusokyksa dks ges'kk uSfrd ewY;ksa dk ikyu djusokyksa ds lkeus >qduk gh iM+rk gS pkgs og
fdruk Hkh vehj D;ksa u gksA vkidk vuSfrd O;ogkj vkidks uSfrdrk ds lkeus dHkh lhj
mBkdj thus dh btktr ugha nsrkA
7777----3333----4 HkkX;okn 4 HkkX;okn 4 HkkX;okn 4 HkkX;okn −
ekuo thou esa vusd /kkj.kk,¡ izpfyr gSaA Hkfo"; dh vkgV dks gj dksbZ eglwl djuk
pkgrk gS vkSj blhfy, HkkX;okn muds fy, Jn~/kk vkSj vkLFkk dk fo"k; cu tkrk gSA Hkkjrh;
laLd`fr esa rks gj dksbZ HkkX; ds Hkjksls thrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj bl n`f"V ls HkkX;okn muds
thou dk fu;ked cu tkrk gSA Je ij vk/kkfjr thoufu"Bk ds lkFk&lkFk HkkX;okn fdlh ds
fy, u;k izsj.kklzksr cu tkrk gS rks fdlh dks th rksM+ esgur ds ckotwn Hkh HkkX; dk lkFk ugha
feyrk rks mls fujk'kkokfnrk dk lkeuk djuk iMrk gSA lq[k&nq%[k Hkjs thou esa HkkX; dk lkFk
gj dksbZ pkgrk gSA dHkh HkkX; dk lkFk feyrk gS rks dHkh HkkX; ges'kk mlds lkFk vk¡[k&fcNkSuh
[ksyrk jgrk gS rc mldk thou nnZnk;h cuuk LokHkkfod gSA HkkX;okn ds lcy vkSj nqcZy
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 2] i`- 69
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nksuksa i{k fganh vkSj ejkBh fQYeh xhrksa esa le;≤ ij mtkxj gksrs vk, gSaA xhrdkj
xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj us vius xhrksa esa HkkX;okn dks O;Dr djusokys nk'kZfud :i dk
l'kDr vadu fd;k gSA
xqytkj dh utj esa HkkX; izd`fr n~okjk feyh ,d ,slh nsu gS ftlds lkeus ge lHkh
cscl gSaA le; ds FkisM+ksa dks lgus dh csclh gj fdlh dks >syuh iMrh gS D;ksafd oDr ds vkxs
fdlh dk dqN ugha pyrkA tks gksusokyk gS mls jksdus dh fgEer fdlh ds ikl ugha gSA rdnhj
esa tks fy[kk gS mls feVk;k ugha tk ldrk] og rks gksdj gh jgrk gS vkSj mlds f[kykQ ge
fdlh ds ikl f'kdk;r Hkh ugha dj ldrsA xqytkj fy[krs gSa &
ÞoDr dk lk;k
fdlus Vkyk gS
gks jgsxk &
tks gksus okyk gS ! ---
dkSu fdlls f'kdk;r djs
tks fy[kk gS oks feVrk ugha ! ß1
dguk mfpr gksxk fd euq"; vius thou dk fu;ark Hkxoku dks ekurk gS fQj Hkh mlds
thoupØ dh xfr HkkX; ij gh fuHkZj gSA ftruk lkFk Hkxoku dk vko';d gksrk gS mruk gh
fdLer dk HkhA fdarq dqN fdLerokysa ,sls gksrs gSa fd mudh dksbZ fdLer gh ugha gksrh gSA
thouHkj nq%[k esa thou;kiu dh vfHk'kIrrk ds dkj.k g¡luk muds ulhc esa ugha gksrk gS rks mUgsa
jksus dh btktr Hkh ugha gksrh gSA gj ekSle og csuke&lk thrs gSa rks thou ds gj jax mUgsa
fQds yxrs gSaA fdLer ds bl [ksy ds ekjs bu cnfdLerokyksa dh O;Fkk xqytkj us bu
'kCnksa esa cMs ekfeZdrk ds lkFk O;Dr dh gS &
ÞdqN ,sls fdLerokys gSa
1- xqytkj & NSa;k&NSa;k] i`- 52
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fd ftudh fdLer gksrh ugha
g¡luk Hkh euk gksrk gS mUgsa
jksus dh btktr gksrh ugha
csuke&lk ekSle thrs gSa
csjax Qtk fey tkrh gS ß1
vDlj ge ns[krs gSa fd HkkX; ds bl [ksy esa cMs+&cM+ksa dks ekr [kkuh iM+rh gSA HkkX; tc mudk
lkFk ugha nsrk gS rks iwjk thou gh mUgsa fujFkZd yxus yxrk gSA var esa dguk lgh gksxk fd
xqytkj us HkkX; dh egRrk rFkk HkkX; ftudk lkFk ugha nsrk gS mudh gksusokyh euksoLFkk dks
vius xhrksa esa vafdr fd;k gSA nk'kZfudrk dk HkkX;okn ,d izeq[k ?kVd gksus dkj.k thoun'kZu
ij mldk xgjk izHkko iMrk gSA
txnh'k [kscwMdj us vius nk'kZfud xhrksa esa HkkX;okn dks dbZ txg js[kkafdr fd;k gSA
,d xhr esa txnh'k [kscwMdj fy[krs gSa fd euq"; ds fy, HkkX; dk Qsjk cM+k dfBu gSA ge flQZ
dBiqrfy;k¡ gSaA bldh Mksj fdlds gkFk esa gS dksbZ ugha tkurkA ckotwn blds dksbZ vius HkkX;
dks u ekudj euekuh djus dk iz;kl djrk gS rks ml ij ;g HkkX; dk Qsjk ,slk /kkok cksy nsrk
gS fd lkjk tUe og mlls mHkj ugha ldrk &
Þuf'kckpk fQjrks ikG.kk gh vo?kM Qsjh
dquh /kjyh gkrke/kh letuk nksjh
?ksjh ;sÅu ojMsy R;kyk
tyekpk clrks; gknjkß2
Li"V gS fd HkkX;okn gekjh ekufldrk dks uSfrd O;ogkj ds izfr izfrcn~/k cukrh gSA
txnh'k [kscwMdj ,d xhr ds ek/;e ls HkkX; ds ekjs euq"; dks vk/kkj trkrs gq, dgrs
gSa fd HkkX; vxj dHkh ukjkt gksrk gS ;k ge ij g¡lrk gS rks Hkh gesa /kS;Z ds lkFk ml nqHkkZX; dk
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 74
2- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 3] i`- 85
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lkeuk djuk pkfg,A ml ladV ls Hkkxuk eryc gekjh gkj dk Lohdkj djus tSls gksxkA ml
nq%[k ls vJq cgkuk ;k mlls Hkkxuk gekjh detksjh dks mtkxj djuk gksxkA blfy, HkkX;
n~okjk fufeZr ml nq%[k dk g¡lrs&xkrs gq, Lohdkj djus dh ek¡x bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr gqbZ gS &
ÞnSo gklys rqyk tjh] rw xkr jgk xk.kh
xfgoj QqVyk rjh] ykspuh vk.kw udks ik.kh ---
nq%[kkyk fHkÅ udks] ek?kkjh tkÅ udks 'kj.kkxrklkj[kk ß1
var esa dguk mfpr gksxk fd xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj us HkkX;okn dks izfrfcafcr
djusokys fopkj ekfeZdrk vkSj izfrdkRedrk ds lkFk vius xhrksa esa O;Dr fd, gSaA HkkX; ,d
,slh vn`'; 'kfDr gS ftlds lkeus dksbZ ugha Vhd ldrkA mlds fojks/k esa tkdj ;k mls Mjs
fcuk vxj ge dksbZ xyr dk;Z djrs gaS rks gekjk nqHkkZX; dh pisV esa vkuk fuf'pr gSA blfy,
ekuo thou dks ewY;ksa vkSj uhfr&fu;eksa ds ikyu dh lh[k HkkX;okn ds n~okjk feyrh gSA 'kk;n
vkt fo'o esa ftruh Hkh ewY;xr vPNkbZ cph gS mlds ihNs HkkX;okn dk ;ksxnku cgqr cM+k gSA
7777----3333----5 laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhr 5 laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhr 5 laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhr 5 laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhr −
ekuo thou esa laosnukvksa dk vge~ LFkku gSA laosnu'khyrk gh euq"; thou dks
fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA laosnukij gh thou dh xfr rFkk izxrh vk/kkfjr gS rks laosnughurk euq";
dks uSfrdn`"Vîk nqcZy vkSj ykpkj cukrh gSA laosnukghu ekuo lekt vkSj jk"Vª dh n`f"V ls
fo?kkrd Hkh fln~/k gks ldrk gSA bl n`f"V ls laosnukvksa dh tkx`fr gsrq iz;kl dh vko';drk gS
vkSj ;g dk;Z xhrksa ds ek/;e ls l'kDr :i ls laiUu gqvk gSA xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj
us laosnukvksa dks O;Dr djusokys vusd xhrksa dk l`tu fd;k gSA
xqytkj okLro esa ,d laosnu'khy xhrdkj gSaA ekuo&thou ls tqM+k thou n'kZu rFkk
mlesa lekbZ laosnuk muds xhrksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls mtkxj gqbZ gSA euq"; laosnukvksa ls Hkjk ,d
,slk tho gS ftlus fdruk Hkh pkgk rks Hkh og laosnuk dks NksM+ ugha th ldrk A xqytkj ds
vuqlkj euq"; vkSj euq"; dk fny nksuksa Hkh dPph feV~Vh ls cus gSaA os ns[kus esa l[r yxrs gSa
1- txnh'k [kscwMdj & fp=kxaxk Hkkx 2] i`- 77
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ckotwn blds ns[kus esa feV~Vh tSlk balku Hkh vius vk¡[kksa esa lek, vk¡lqvksa dks ugha fNik
ldrkA vk¡lw iksaNus ds ckn Hkh vk¡lqvksa ds fu'kku lq[kus esa oDr yxrk gS ;k vius nnZ dks og
vklkuh ls ugha Hkqyk ldrkA xqytkj euq"; ds bl laosnu'khyrk dks izfrdkRedrk ds lkFk bu
'kCnksa esa O;Dr djrs gSa &
ÞdPph feV~Vh gS] fny Hkh] bUlk¡ Hkh
ns[kus gh esa l[+r yxrk gS
vk¡lw iksaNs rks vk¡lqvksa ds fu'kk¡
[+kq'd gksus esa oD+r yxrk gS ß1
dguk mfpr gksxk fd euq"; fdruk Hkh laosnukghu gksus dh dksf'k'k djs og ugha cu ldrk
D;ksafd laosnuk mlds thou dk vfHkaUu vax gSA laosnukvksa ds fcuk euq";] euq"; gh ugha gSA
laosnuk ekuo&thou dk vfHkUu vax t:j gS fdarq lkekftd rFkk jktuhfrd
nqO;ZoLFkk n~okjk mlij brus vk?kkr gq, gSa fd dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS D;k lpewp euq"; us vkt
viuh laosnuk dks [kks fn;k gS \ dqN pan yksxksa us vius LokFkZ ds [kkfrj balkfu;r dks dqpy
Mkyk gSA ekuo ds lkFk vekuoh; O;ogkj djus ij rqys gq, ;g gSoku yxrk gS fd viuh lkjh
laosnukvksa dks [kks pqds gSa ftlds nq"ifj.kke lkjs lekt dks Hkqxrus iMrs gSaA bu yksxksa us
balkfu;r vkSj balku dks iSjks rys jkaSnk gSA ,sls f?kukSus [ksy gks jgs gaS fd balku ds lhj rd dkV
fn, tk jgs gSaA mu pan yksxksa us fdruh ckj balkfu;r dks gh lwyh ij Vk¡xk gSA bl
laosnughurk dks xqytkj us bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k gS &
Þbulku dh ulyksa dks]
iSjksa esa jkSank gS]
pan yksxksa us ---
fxjh xnZu] lj dVus yxs gSa ---
fdruh ckj eq>s lwyh ij Vk¡xk gS]
1- xqytkj & esjk dqN lkeku] i`- 92
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pan yksxksa us ---ß1
vr% dguk mfpr gksxk fd xqytkj us euq"; esa fLFkr laosnuk dh vgfe;r rFkk orZeku
laosnukghu gksrh tk jgh lekt O;oLFkk dk ;FkkFkZ vadu vius xhrksa esa fd;k gSA
ejkBh fQYeh xhrksa esa laosnukRedrk dk vadu i;kZIr ek=kk esa gqvk gSA txnh'k
[kscwMdj ,sls xhrdkj gSa ftUgksaus laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhrksa dk fp=k.k oSfo/;rk rFkk
dykRedrk ds lkFk fd;k gSA laosnu'khyrk mudh utj esa cgqr cM+h vgfe;r j[krh gSA
laosnu'khyrk dk Úgkl gksuk eryc balkfu;r dks lwyh ij p<kuk gSA tc&tc euq"; HkkSfrd
lk/kuksa dh 'kj.k esa x;k gS rc&rc mlus viuh balkuijLrh dks NksM+ gSoku dk :i fy;k gSA
dyh;qx ls ysdj ;g flyflyk 'kq: gqvk gS tks vktrd cjdjkj gSA ,sls yksxksa dks lk/kq&larksa
us lpsr Hkh fd;k Fkk fd lksus&pk¡nh tSls HkkSfrd lk/ku gekjs fy, dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krs D;ksafd
bu lk/kuksa dh iwfrZ gsrq ge iki] vukpkj djrs gSaA lq[k dk jkLrk ges'kk dk¡Vksa ls gh xqtjrk gS
;g izd`fr dk fu;e gSA lq[k izkIr djus ds fy, vkidks iki ds dk¡Vksa Hkjs jkLrksa ls gh xqtjuk
iM+rk gSA vki tks Hkh iki djrs gSa larksa ds vuqlkj vkdk'k esa cSBh gqbZ vn`'; 'kfDr mls ns[k
jgh gksrh gSA ,d ikSjkf.kd dFkk gS fd okY;k dksyh gj jkst laifRr ds yksHk esa ekuoksa dh gR;k
djds yqVekj dj jgk Fkk fdarq mlds iki esa mlds lxs&laca/kh dksbZ Hkkxh ugha cuk vkSj var esa
mls ukjn ds ik¡oksa esa yhu gksuk iMkA iki] vukpkj] vR;kpkj ls cpus dh rFkk laosnukghu u
gksdj thus dh lh[k bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr gqbZ gS &
Þlk/kq&lar lkaxwu xsys] R;kpk cks/k ?ksbZ
Lkko/kku gksbZ osMîk] lko/kku gksbZ-
Lkksus vkf.k :isa vEgka e`fRrdsleku
rqdkjke cksys R;kph euha Bso tk.k
lq[kkph gh ik;okV] dkVîkarwu tkbZ ---
vkHkkGkpk MksGk lkjs [ksG rq>s ikgh –
1- xqytkj & NSa;k&NSa;k] i`- 44
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jkst ekuokph gR;k] jkst okVekjh
ikike/kh >kya ukgha] dq.kh okVsdjh
okY;k dksGh ukjnkP;k yhu >kyk ik;h-ß
izLrqr xhr esa laosnu'khyrk dks u [kksus dh ek¡x mtkxj gqbZ gS D;ksafd laosnughurk ds ewy eas gh
iki gS vkSj ikfi;ksa ds ikiksa dh ltk fuf'pr gSA bl fy, euq"; dks le; ij gh lpsr djus dk
dke txnh'k [kscwMdj us lk/kq&larksa ds opuksa dk vk/kkj ysdj vius xhrksa ds ek/;e ls fd;k
gSA muds dbZ xhrkas esa laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhrksa ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA
7777----4 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed foe'kZ 4 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed foe'kZ 4 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed foe'kZ 4 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed foe'kZ −
xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds xhrksa eas nk'kZfud xhrksa dk i;kZIr ek=kk esa vadu gqvk
gSA muds nk'kZfud xhrksa eas thou ehekalk fo"k;d nk'kZfud xhr] LokuqHkwfrewyd nk'kZfud xhr]
uSfrdrk fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k] HkkX;okn rFkk laosnukRed nk'kZfud xhr vkfn fofo/k :i mtkxj
gq, gSaA fdlh ckgî izsj.kk ;k O;kolkf;d ek¡x dh iwfrZ gsrq ugha cfYd lkekftd vkSj uSfrd
nqjkoLFkk us gh bu nksuksa xhrdkjksa dks bl rjg ds xhrksa ds ys[ku ds fy, izsfjr fd;k gSA ekuo
thou esa uSfrd ewY;ksa vkSj fln~/kkarksa dk ikyu rFkk lkekftd leUo;kRedrk LFkkfir djus ds
egRRoiw.kZ mn~ns'; ls gh nksuksa xhrdkjksa us bl rjg ds xhrksa dh jpuk dh gS ftlls mudh
lkekftd rFkk ekuoh; izfrcn~/krk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
7777----5 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed fu"d"kZ 5 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed fu"d"kZ 5 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed fu"d"kZ 5 xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj fyf[kr nk'kZfud xhr % rqyukRed fu"d"kZ −
7777----5555----1 lkE; 1 lkE; 1 lkE; 1 lkE; −
1- xqytkj vkSj txnh'k [kscwMdj ds nk'kZfud xhrksa esa ckSfn~/kdrk rFkk oSpkfjdrk dk
l'kDr vadu gqvk gSA
2- nksuksa xhrdkjksa us fpjaru lR; dh [kkst djus dk iz;kl vius nk'kZfud xhrksa esa
fd;k gqvk n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA
3- nksuksa xhrdkjksa ds nk'kZfud xhr ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh j{kk rFkk lkekftd ,sD; dh
n`f"V ls lgk;d gSA
4- thou n'kZu esa le; dk egRRo eq[; :i ls nksuksa xhrdkjksa us fo'kn fd;k gSA
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5- nksuksa xhrdkjksa ds nk'kZfud xhr euq"; dks thou thus ds fy, lgh fn'kk funsZ'k
djusokys gSa lkFk gh vuSfrd O;ogkj ds izfr ;s xhr euq"; dks lpsr djrs gSaA
6- nksuksa xhrdkjksa ds nk'kZfud xhrksa esa thou ds izfr ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k O;Dr
gqvk gSA
7- lkekftd rFkk O;kid Lrj ij laiw.kZ ekuo dY;k.k gsrq izfrcn~/krk nksuksa xhrdkjksa
ds xhrksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
8- nksuksa xhrdkjksa ds nk'kZfud xhr mPpdksfV ds fln~/k gq, gSa ftUgsa vusd iqjLdkjksa
ls uoktk x;k gSA
7777----5555----2 oS"kE; 2 oS"kE; 2 oS"kE; 2 oS"kE; −
1- xqytkj ds T;knkrj nk'kZfud xhrksa esa thou thus dh lgh fn'kk dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k
gS rks txnh'k [kscwMdj ds T;knkrj nk'kZfud xhr lq[k&nq%[k ] vk'kk&fujk'kk esa f?kjs
yksxksa dks /khjt c¡/kkrs gSaA
2- txnh'k [kscwMdj ds nk'kZfud xhrksa esa ihfM+r lekt dsanz esa gS rks xqytkj ds
nk'kZfud xhr lekt ds lHkh yksxksa dh leL;kvksa dks mtkxj djrs gSaA