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By:Yash Agarwal0902721117EN F

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Introduction Components

Working Principle Applications

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is the term researchers use to describea small electronic chip that can use mechanicalmovements of the body, such as a gentle finger pinch,to generate electricity The chip has an integratedcircuit etched onto a flexible surface, similar to

components on the circuit boards inside yourcomputer. As the "nano-" prefix implies, thesegenerators are a piece of nanotechnology, ortechnology so small its size is measured by thenanometer (one billionth of a meter). So, even themost complex and powerful nanogenerators in

existence today are small enough to be

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The key components inside a nanogeneratorare nanowires or a similar structure madefrom a ceramic material.

Piezoelectric materials can generate an electriccurrent just by being bent or stressed.Hundreds of nanowirescan be packed side by side in a space lessthan the width of a human hair.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/piezoelectricity-info.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/piezoelectricity-info.htm

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A nono generator works on the principle thatWhenever there is some motion detected , aCharge seperation across capacitor occurs.i.e. some voltage is induced.A stack of 5-6 of nano fibre of peizoelectric

material could produce a power equivalent to aAA battery.

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This capsule uses nano generator to curediabetes Type 1 whose characteristics are:

HereditaryInsufficient insulinCant convert sugar.

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Electric Current

Nano-wiresTransformer

PiezoelectricDischarges

Nano- GeneratorData Chip

Transmitter

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Medical Breakthroughs

Pinhole surgeries: to insert RFID tag

into pancreas

Stem Cells: how to make islet cells

Molecular Assembly: for nano-parts

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The NGSD is a sensor that consists of three different partsworking together to prevent diabetes complications. Witha new self-replicating technology, there will be thousands

of the NGSDs nanometers in the patients blood stream.Inside the patients blood stream the nanometers willtransmit the glucose level to a watch, after measuring itwith an electric current. The watch will average theglucose level. Next, the watch calculates how much insulinthe pancreas should produce, and sends that information

to the RFID tags on the patients pancreas. Then, insidethe RFID tags there are islet cells that are released andstart producing insulin correctly. Stem cells will beconverted into islet cells inside the RFID tags so patientswill have an everlasting supply. People will be able toproduce normal amounts of insulin for the rest of theirlives

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Gold nanoparticles attached to a molecule of a tumor-killingagent called tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) as well as amolecule of Thiol-derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG-THIOL), which hides the TNF bearing nanoparticle from the

immune system. The PEG-THIOL allows the nanoparticle toflow through the blood stream without being attacked. Thecombination of a gold nanoparticle, TNF and PEG-THIOL isnamed Aurmine. The nanoparticle carrying the TNF tends toaccumulate in cancer tumors but does not appear toaccumulate in other regions of the body, which limits the

toxic effects of TNF on healthy cells.

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Tissue-engineered cardiac patches are made by seeding heart cellsonto porous scaffolds that give the tissue shape and organization.

But theres one problem:The heart is an electrically conductive organ, and the scaffoldingused for the patches isnt conductive, so the tissue doesnt contractas normal heart tissue does.It lead to sprinkling tiny gold nano wires into the patches toenhance their electrical conductivity.

The gold-laced patches are thicker and their cells betterorganized. They had ramped-up production of proteins involved inmuscle calcium binding and contraction and electrical couplingbetween cells. And, when stimulated with an electrical current, thecells produced a measurable spike in voltage.The nanowires seem to work by poking through the scaffolding

material, which normally impedes electrical conduction, enhancingcommunication between adjacent groups of heart cells. Without thewires, patches produced a negligible current, and cells beat only insmall clusters right at the source of stimulation

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Engineered heart tissue with (bottom) and without goldnanowires. Cardiac cells are in red, scaffolding material inblue and nanowires in yellow.

the gold nanowires average 30 nanometers thick and2-3 microns long,

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In the human body a lot energy gets wasted every time which include

heartbeat, kinectic energies during running, walking etc. To scavenge thesefor various application nano generators are used.

A recent development in nanotechonologycould provide us ipods which are batteryless and very light weighted. These ipod

uses the energy of heartbeats as a powersource. Another developement in thisfield uses kinetic energy of runners tocharge gadgets.

2.

Pacemaker are those machines which are used to harnessthe heart beat.The batteries of these devices are replaced by nanogenerators. Thus provide more reliability.

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Its piezoelectric in nature, when mechanically strained by vibrations, itproduces an output voltage Energy is stored in the nanodevice's built-incapacitor and is used to power electronics including an infrared photon-detecting sensor and a radio transmitter. In fact the device has enoughenergy to actually transmit a radio signal detectable by a commercial radioin a range of 5-10 meters (30 Feet), comparable to what a present

day Bluetooth headset can do.It can have Applications ranging from remote surveillance and military givingus the ability to create devices that work and stay up all by themselveswithout us even having to think about changing batteries.

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After years of research investigating solution-processing techniques, the scientists found that asuperacid called chlorosulphonic acid couldspontaneously dissolve carbon nanotubes atconcentrations 1,000 times greater than any othersolvent. The method can produce well-aligned

carbon nanotubes on a large scale, in whichnanotubes can be shot out of a nozzle similar to ashower head.Since carbon nanotubes are highlyconductive, the researchers are currently workingon a project for making electrical transmissionlines. "Metallic nanotubes conduct electricity betterthan copper, they're lighter, and they fail lessoften

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If windmill blades uses carbon nanotubesand epoxy that binds the nanotubes. Theepoxy has been used successfully e.g. inyacht manufacture and in sports equipmentmanufacture.As a result, the blades are approximately 50

percent lighter than competing glassfiberblades. The blades are also stronger, due tothe fact that carbon nanotubes are 100 timesstronger than steel. The light weight ofblades allows to increase the blade size.The energy provided by a wind turbine is

square of the length of the blade. Thus, ourblades can produce more energy and startoperating at low wind speeds of 2 - 2.5meters per second,

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