yixrn =ijdqk i`ukrajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/.../cls11/hindi-katha-dhara.pdffgunh dgkuh dh fodkl...

dFkk /kkjkdFkk

/kkjk

d{kk11 d{kk

11vfuok;Z fganh & f}rh;

dFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjk

d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½ ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½ ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½ ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½ ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj

ikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefriqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½iqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½iqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½iqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½iqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½

la;kstd %& la;kstd %& la;kstd %& la;kstd %& la;kstd %& MkWñ nhfidk fot;oxhZ;] lg vkpk;Z] fgUnh&foHkkx

jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj

laikndx.k %& laikndx.k %& laikndx.k %& laikndx.k %& laikndx.k %& 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- MkWñ /keZukjk;.k Hkkj}kt] iz/kkukpk;Z

jk-vk-m-ek- fo|ky;] cM+ksyh ek/kksflag]

fuEckgsM+k ¼fpÙkkSM+x<+½

2- 2- 2- 2- 2- MkWñ cq)efr ;kno] O;k[;krk fgUnh&foHkkx

xkSjh nsoh jktdh; efgyk egkfo|ky;] vyoj

3-3-3-3-3- v'kksd dqekj 'kekZ] O;k[;krk

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] fd'kux<+ ¼vtesj½

4-4-4-4-4- Hkjr 'kekZ] O;k[;krk

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] ek.kd pkSd] t;iqj

vkHkkjvkHkkjvkHkkjvkHkkjvkHkkj

lEiknd eaMy ,oa ek/;fed f�k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj mu lHkh ys[kdksa dk

vkHkkj ,oa d`rKrk O;Dr djrk gS ftuds vewY; l`tu ,oa fopkj bl iqLrd esa

lfEefyr fd;s x;s gSaA

;|fi bl iqLrd esa eqfnzr leLr lkexzh dk LoRokf/kdkj dk /;ku j[kk x;k

gS fQj Hkh ;fn dqN va�k jg x;s gksa rks ;g lEiknd eaMy blds fy, [ksn O;Dr djrk

gSA ,sls LoRokf/kdkjh ls lwfpr gksus ij gesa izlUurk gksxhA

dFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjkdFkk /kkjk

vkeq[kvkeq[kvkeq[kvkeq[kvkeq[k

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dh X;kjgoha d{kk dh fgUnh ¼vfuok;Z½ fo"k; dhiwjd iqLrd ¼nzqr&ikB½ ds :i esa dFkk&/kkjk rS;kj dh xbZ gSA izLrqr dgkuh laxzg esa dgkfu;ksa dkp;u djrs le; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds funsZ'kksa dk lE;d~ :i ls ikyu fd;k x;k gSA

ladfyr dgkfu;k¡ ekuoh; laosnukvksa dks lkdkj :i nsus okyh gSaA orZeku ifjizs{; esa tgk¡laosnukvksa dk LFkku ckSf)drk us ys fy;k gS ogk¡ dgkfu;ksa ds mnkÙk pfj= o dFkkud ds ek/;e lseuq"; ds vUr%dj.k esa Hkkouk,¡ iqu% LFkku izkIr dj ldsaxhA

izLrqr iqLrd dFkk&/kkjk esa lax`ghr dgkfu;k¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds pfj= o O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esalgk;d gksaxh] fujk'kk ls ijs vk'kkokfnrk vkSj iw.kZ fo'okl dk Hkko tkxzr djus] ifjokj dks tksM+uso izse&izhfr dk lans'k nsus ds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj ijEijkvksa ds fuoZgu esa lgk;d gksaxh]jktLFkku ds xkSjoiw.kZ bfrgkl dh >yd nsus rFkk mlls vkReh; laca/k cukus esa lgk;d gksaxh] thoudh lkFkZd lPpkb;ksa dks le>us dh lksp rFkk uohu thoukuqHkoksa dk ifjp; nsaxh] ekr`Hkwfe ds izfrR;kx vkSj cfynku dh Hkkouk rFkk ekr`Hkwfe ds eku&lEeku vkSj izfr"Bk dh j{kk vkfn Hkkoksa dkfuf'pr gh fodkl djsaxh vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds thou&iFk dks lqxe cukus esa mi;ksxh fl) gksaxh ,slkgekjk fo'okl gSA

izR;sd dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Lrjkuqlkj iz'uksa dh jpuk dh xbZ gS ftllsfo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fgUnh ds izfr #fp vkSj ftKklk tkxzr gksxh rFkk lkfgfR;d yxko dk l`tu gksxkA

dFkk&/kkjk esa dgkfu;ksa ds ladyu esa iw.kZ lrdZrk cjrh xbZ gS fQj Hkh iqLrd dh dfe;ksarFkk ifj"dkj gsrq vkids ldkjkRed lq>koksa dk Lokxr gSA

var esa iqLrd esa izdkf'kr lHkh dgkuhdkjksa ds izfr vkHkkj ,oa lk/kqoknA

&lEikndx.k

vfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øevfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øevfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øevfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øevfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øefo"k; dksM % 01fo"k; dksM % 01fo"k; dksM % 01fo"k; dksM % 01fo"k; dksM % 01

le; 3-15 ?kaVsle; 3-15 ?kaVsle; 3-15 ?kaVsle; 3-15 ?kaVsle; 3-15 ?kaVs iw.kkZ ad %100iw.kkZ ad %100iw.kkZ ad %100iw.kkZ ad %100iw.kkZ ad %100

vf/kxe {ks=vf/kxe {ks=vf/kxe {ks=vf/kxe {ks=vf/kxe {ks= vadvadvadvadvad

vifBr cks/k 10

O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpuk 20

izKk izokg&vk/kkj iqLrd 40

dFkk /kkjk&iwjd iqLrd 15

laoknlsrq 15

[k.M&1 [k.M&1 [k.M&1 [k.M&1 [k.M&1

vifBr cks/kvifBr cks/kvifBr cks/kvifBr cks/kvifBr cks/k 1010101010

¼d½ vifBr x|ka'k 05

¼[k½ vifBr i|ka'k 05

[k.M&2 [k.M&2 [k.M&2 [k.M&2 [k.M&2

O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpukO;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpukO;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpukO;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpukO;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpuk 2020202020

vfodkjh 'kCn 02

'kCn fopkj ¼d½ 02

okD;ka'k ds fy, ,d 'kCn] lekukFkhZ 'kCn 02

okD; fopkj 02

fojke fpg~u 02

laf{kIrhdj.k ,oa iYyou 03

fucU/k ys[ku ¼fodYi lfgr½ 07

[k.M&3 [k.M&3 [k.M&3 [k.M&3 [k.M&3

izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½ 4040404040

¼d½ 1 O;k[;k x| Hkkx ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 5 = 5

¼[k½ 1 O;k[;k i| Hkkx ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 5 = 5

¼x½ 2 fucU/kkRed iz'u 2 x 5 = 10

¼1 iz'u x| ls ,oa 1 iz'u i| Hkkx ls fodYi lfgr½

¼?k½ 4 y?kw�kjkRed iz'u ¼2 x| ,oa 2 i| Hkkx ls½ 4 x 3 = 12

¼M½ fdlh ,d dfo ;k ys[kd dk ifjp; 1 x 4 = 4 ¼dfo ,oa ys[kd fodYi lfgr½

¼p½ 2 vfr y?kw�kjkRed iz'u ¼1 x| ,oa 1 i| Hkkx ls½ 2 x 2 = 4

[k.M&4 [k.M&4 [k.M&4 [k.M&4 [k.M&4

dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½ 15 15 15 15 15

¼d½ 1 fucU/kkRed iz'u ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 6 = 6

¼[k½ 4 y?kw�kjkRed iz'uksa esa ls 3 iz'u½ 3 x 3 = 9

[k.M&5 [k.M&5 [k.M&5 [k.M&5 [k.M&5

laokn lsrqlaokn lsrqlaokn lsrqlaokn lsrqlaokn lsrq 1515151515

¼d½ i=dkfjrk dk bfrgkl ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 = 3

¼[k½ tu lapkj ds ijaijkxr ek/;e ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 = 3

¼x½ tu lapkj ds vk/kqfud ek/;e ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 = 3

¼?k½ iz;kstuewyd ys[ku 1 x 3 = 3

¼O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij vk/kkfjr 1 iz'u½

¼M½ O;kolkf;d ,oa dk;kZy;h ys[ku vkSj izfØ;k 1 x 3 = 3

¼O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij vk/kkfjr 1 iz'u½

fu/kkZfjr iqLrdss a &fu/kkZfjr iqLrdss a &fu/kkZfjr iqLrdss a &fu/kkZfjr iqLrdss a &fu/kkZfjr iqLrdss a &

1- izKk izokg & 1- izKk izokg & 1- izKk izokg & 1- izKk izokg & 1- izKk izokg & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA

2- dFkk /kkjk & 2- dFkk /kkjk & 2- dFkk /kkjk & 2- dFkk /kkjk & 2- dFkk /kkjk & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA

3- laoknlsrq & 3- laoknlsrq & 3- laoknlsrq & 3- laoknlsrq & 3- laoknlsrq & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA

vuqØevuqØevuqØevuqØevuqØe

dgkuhdkjdgkuhdkjdgkuhdkjdgkuhdkjdgkuhdkj i`"B la[;ki`"B la[;ki`"B la[;ki`"B la[;ki`"B la[;k

1- fgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=k 1&4

2- cM+s ?kj dh csVh & izsepUn 5&12

3- [ksy & tSusUnz dqekj 13&18

4- 'kj.knkrk & vKs; 19&28

5- ns'kHkDr &ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz* 29&34

6- rkbZ &fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ *dkSf'kd* 35&43

7- ,Ve ce &veryky ukxj 44&50

8- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh &vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h 51&55

fgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=kfgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=kfgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=kfgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=kfgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=k

Lo:i vkSj ifjHkk"kk&Lo:i vkSj ifjHkk"kk&Lo:i vkSj ifjHkk"kk&Lo:i vkSj ifjHkk"kk&Lo:i vkSj ifjHkk"kk&

dgkuh dguk&lquuk euq"; dh uSlfxZd vko';drk jgh gS rFkk blds ek/;e ls mlus viuhlkekftdrk dk fodkl Hkh fd;k gS D;ksafd dgkuh us ;fn mldk euksjatu fd;k gS rks mlsthouksi;ksxh mins'k Hkh fn;k gSA dgkuh okfpd ijEijk dh nsu gS fdUrq tc ge dgkuh ds vk/kqfudLo:i dks ns[krs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd dgkuh ?kVukvksa dk la;kstu ek= gh ugha gS cfYd ekuo thoudh tfVyrkvksa] fonwzirkvksa rFkk mlds vUrfoZjks/kksa dks O;Dr djus dk l'kDr lkfgfR;d :i gSAblfy, vkt Hkh ;g ,d yksdfiz; fo/kk gSA

Hkkjro"kZ esa dgkuh oSfnd dky ls pyh vk jgh gSA izkphu dky esa dgkuh x| ,oa i| nksuksa:iksa esa feyrh gSaA egkHkkjr NksVh&NksVh dgkfu;ksa dk Hk.Mkj gSaA blh izdkj tSu /keZ ds *uUnh lw=*Hkh dgkfu;ksa ds Hk.Mkj gaSA dgkuh ds izkjfEHkd ;qx esa vkpk;Z xq.kk<~; dh *c`gRdFkk* dk egRoiw.kZ;ksxnku jgk gSA bl xzUFk esa ljl jkspd dgkfu;k¡ lax`ghr gSaA laLd`r lkfgR; dh dgkuh ijEijkesa *dFkklfjRlkxj*] *iapra=* vkSj *fgrksins'k* dgkuh dyk ds mRd"V mnkgj.k gSaA fo'o Hkj ds fo}kuksaus bUgsa loZJs"B dFkk'kSyh ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA blh dkj.k fo'oHkj dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksaesa budk vuqokn gks pqdk gSA

Hkkjr esa vjcksa ds izos'k ds lkFk gh vjc dh *vjsfc;u ukbV~l* ds }kjk dgkfu;ksa dk nwljk;qx izkjEHk gqvkA bl ;qx esa vk/;kfRed izse dh dFkk,¡ fy[kh xbZa] buds vfrfjDr gkL;&fouksn dhdgkfu;k¡ ¼chjcy fouksn½ vkfn fy[kh xbZaA

lu~ 1803 esa eqa'kh ba'kk vYykg [kk¡ }kjk *jkuh dsrdh dh dgkuh* fy[kh xbZA lu~ 1900 esavk/kqfud fgUnh dgkuh ds ekSfyd ys[ku dk Jhx.ks'k iz;kx ls izdkf'kr *ljLorh if=dk* ls gqvkAbl if=dk esa fd'kksjhyky xksLokeh dh dgkuh *bUnqerh* izdkf'kr gqbZ ftls fgUnh dh izFke ekSfyddgkuh dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA dfri; fo}ku cax efgyk dh dgkuh *nqykbZ okyh* ¼1907½ dks HkhfgUnh dh izFke ekSfyd dgkuh Lohdkjrs gSaA

lu~ 1909 esa dk'kh ls *bUnq* ekfld if=dk dk izdk'ku gqvk ftlesa 1911 esa t;'kadj izlkndh dgkuh *xzke* izdkf'kr gqbZA lu~ 1911 ls 1927 rd dgkuh dk fodkl dky jgk] blesa pUnz/kj'kekZ xqysjh dh dgkuh *lq[ke; thou* fo'oEHkj ukFk dh *ijns'k* ¼1912½] jktk jkf/kdkje.k flag dh*dkuksa esa daxuk* ¼1913½ ekfld if=dk bUnq* esa izdkf'kr gqbZA lu~ 1914 esa vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=hdh *x`gy{eh* o 1915 esa pUnz/kj 'kekZ xqysjh dh vej dgkuh *mlus dgk Fkk* izdkf'kr gqbZA blh o"kZdFkk lkfgR; ds vej dFkkdkj eqa'kh izsepUn dh *iap ijes'oj* dgkuh izdkf'kr gqbZA fgUnh dgkuhdks tuthou ls tksM+us vkSj mlds {ks= dks O;kidrk iznku djus dk Js; izsepUn dks gSA ;FkkFkZ thou

2

dks vfHkO;fDr dk ek/;e cukdj mUgksaus lekt dh :f<+;ksa] /keZ ds ckákMEcjksa] jktuhfr ds[kks[kysiu] mRdV ns'k&izse] vkfFkZd oS"kE;] d"kd oxZ ,oa Jfed oxZ ds 'kks"k.k ds thoUr l'kDr fp=[khapsA mUgksaus fgUnh esa ;FkkFkZoknh vkn'kksZUeq[k dgkuh ys[ku dk lw=ikr fd;kA os viuh vkjfEHkddgkfu;ksa esa ?kVukvksa dks egŸo nsrs jgs ij /khjs&/khjs mudh n`f"V pfj= dh vksj xbZA vUrr%euksoSKkfud vuqHkwfr dks gh mUgksaus viuh dgkuh dk vk/kkj Lohdkj fd;kA xzkE; thou dks dsUnzesa j[kdj fy[kh xbZ dgkfu;k¡ *iap ijes'oj*] *cw<+h dkdh*] *bZnxkg*] *lqtku Hkxr*] *iwl dh jkr*]*dQu* vkfn loZJs"B dgkfu;k¡ gSaA

dgkuh fodkl ;qx esa vf/kdka'k dgkuhdkj izsepUn dh f'kYidyk ds vuqxkeh jgsAfl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh dgkfu;k¡ ;FkkFkZ i`"BHkwfe ij fufeZr gksdj Hkh vkn'kZoknh thou&n`f"V ijvf/kd cy nsrh gSaA o`Unkouyky oekZ us ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd vkSj f'kdkj lEcU/kh dgkfu;ksa dkys[ku fd;k ftuesa vkn'kksZaUeq[k ;FkkFkZ dh izo`fÙk vf/kd jgh gSA

izsepUn ds ledkyhu dgkuhdkjksa esa t;'kadj izlkn dk ;ksxnku Hkh lokZf/kd egŸoiw.kZ jgkgSA mUgksaus dgkuh esa Hkkoewyd vkn'kZoknh ijEijk dh uhao MkyhA mudh dgkfu;k¡ dHkh xhfrdkO;dh laosnuk ls izsfjr rks dgha egkdkO; dh laosnuk ls izsfjr gksdj fy[kh xbZaA *vkdk'knhi* vkSj*iqjLdkj* mudh mYys[kuh; dgkfu;k¡ gSaA izkphu Hkkjr dh oSHkoiw.kZ] lkaLd`frd >k¡dh dk fp=.kbudh dgkfu;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

fgUnh dgkuh ds laØkfUr ;qx esa dgkuh O;fDrijd ,oa Hkkoijd gks xbZA tSusUnz us uSfrdekU;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij vius pfj= [kM+s fd,A vKs; vkSj bykpUnz tks'kh ds ik= vga vkSj fonzksgdh fHkfÙk ij [kM+s gq,A vKs; dh *'k=q* dgkuh bldk mnkgj.k gSA bl ;qx esa vkdj ik=ksa ds euesa mBus okyk vUr}ZU} ckgjh ?kVukvksa ls lEcfU/kr ugha jgkA vc vopsru eu dh vkUrfjd izofÙk;k¡gh muds cká&O;kikjksa dk lapkyu djus yxhaA tSusUnz us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa ?kVukvksa vkSj dk;ksZa dhvis{kk ekufld Ågkiksg fo'ys"k.k dks iz/kkurk nhA vKs; us vius pfj=ksa esa oS;fDrdrk dks vf/kdizJ; fn;kA

ekDlZoknh fopkj/kkjk dh iks"kd dgkfu;ksa esa oxZ la?k"kZ dk fp=.k feyrk gSA bu izxfroknhdgkuhdkjksa us /kkfeZd vU/kfo'oklksa] ijEijkxr :f<+;ksa] lekt esa pyrs vk jgs 'kks"k.k pØ dk rhozrkds lkFk fojks/k vkSj [k.Mu fd;kA mUgks aus O;fDr ds :i esa u ns[kdj lekt dsek/;e ls ns[kk vkSj iwjs bfrgkl dk vkfFkZd n`f"V ls ewY;kadu dj izfrikfnr fd;k fd mRiknu dslk/ku tc rd mRiknudrkZ ds gkFkksa esa u vk;saxs rc rd ;s la?k"kZ tkjh jgsxkA

bl la?k"kZ dh l'kDr vfHkO;fDr ;'kiky dh dgkfu;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA vU;dgkuhdkjksa esa jkaxs; jk?ko] jkgqy lkad`R;k;u vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaA

Lora=rk izkfIr ds ckn dgkuh us ubZ fn'kk dh vksj dne c<+k;sA ns'k ds lkeus u, nf"Vdks.kmHkjsA thou ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA dgkuh ds f'kYi esa u, iz;ksx gksus yxsA lksp vkSj fpUruesa ifjorZu vk;kA bl dky esa fueZy oekZ] Hkh"e lkguh] fo".kq izHkkdj] jktsUnz ;kno] deys'oj] eksgujkds'k] eUuw Hk.Mkjh] Kku jatu vkfn dgkuhdkj izeq[k :i ls mHkjsA ledkyhu dgkuh dk jpuklalkj vius vkl&ikl ds ifjos'k ls fufeZr gSA thou dh vusd leL;kvksa dks fofHkUu :iksa esavfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA blh dky esa eksgu jkds'k] jktsUnz ;kno o deys'oj us *ubZ dgkuh* ds vkUnksyudk lw=ikr fd;kA rRi'pkr~ lpsru dgkuh vkSj vdgkuh tSls vU; vkUnksyu 'kq: gq,A

3

jktLFkku ds dgkuhdkjksa esa ;knosUnz 'kekZ ^pUnz*] ef.k e/kqdj] ikuw [kksfy;k] gsrq Hkkj}kt]bZ'oj pUnj] jes'k mik/;k;] vkye 'kkg [kku o Lo;a izdk'k vkfn us fgUnh dgkuh esa viuk ;ksxnkufn;kA

dgkuh ds rÙo&dgkuh ds rÙo&dgkuh ds rÙo&dgkuh ds rÙo&dgkuh ds rÙo&

dgkuh ds ewyr% N% rRo gSaA ;s gSa& fo"k;oLrq vFkok dFkkud] pfj=] laokn] Hkk"kk 'kSyh]okrkoj.k vkSj mís';A

dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq½&dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq½&dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq½&dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq½&dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq½&

izR;sd dgkuh esa dksbZ u dksbZ ?kVukØe vo'; gksrk gSA dgkuh esa of.kZr ?kVukvksa ds lewgdks dFkkud dgrs gSaA dFkkud fdlh Hkh dgkuh dh vkRek gSA blfy, dFkkud dh ;kstuk bl izdkjgksuh pkfg, fd lHkh ?kVuk,a vkSj izlax ijLij lEc) gkasA muesa fc[kjko ;k ijLij fojks/k ugha gksAekSfydrk] jkspdrk] lqlaxBu] ftKklk] dqrwgy dh l`f"V vPNs dFkkud ds xq.k gSaA lk/kkj.k lslk/kkj.k dFkkud dks Hkh dgkuhdkj dYiuk ,oa eeZLi'khZ vuqHkwfr;ksa ls ltkdj ,d oSfp«; vkSjvkd"kZ.k iznku dj ldrk gSA

pfj= ¼ik=½&pfj= ¼ik=½&pfj= ¼ik=½&pfj= ¼ik=½&pfj= ¼ik=½&

izR;sd dgkuh esa dqN ik= gksrs gSa tks dFkkud ds ltho lapkyd gksrs gSaA buesa ,d vksjdFkkud dk vkjEHk] fodkl vkSj vUr gksrk gS rks nwljh vksj ge dgkuh esa buls vkReh;rk izkIr djrsgSaA dgkuh esa eq[; :i ls nks izdkj ds ik= gksrs gSa] igyk oxZxr vFkkZr~ tks vius oxZ dh fo'ks"krkvksadk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSa] nwljs O;fDrxr os ik= ftudh futh fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSaA

dgkuh esa ik=ksa dh la[;k lhfer gksuh pkfg,A dgkuh esa ys[kd dh nf"V izeq[k ik= ds pfj=ij vf/kd jgrh gSA blfy, vU; ik=ksa ds pfj= dk fodkl eq[; ik= ds lgkjs gh gksuk pkfg,Adgkuh esa ik=ksa dh la[;k vf/kd u gksA izeq[k ik= dk pfj= gh {k.k Hkj ds fy, vfeV izHkko NksM+djpyk tk;A tks Hkh ik= dgkuh esa vkrs gSa muds O;fDrRo dks iwjh xfjek ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k tkukpkfg, rFkk mudh Hkkoukvksa dks iwjh rjg vfHkO;fDr feyuh pkfg,A

laokn&laokn&laokn&laokn&laokn&

laokn dgkuh dk vko';d vax gSA dgkuh esa ik=ksa ds okrkZyki laokn dgykrs gSaA ;s laokndgkuh dks ltho vkSj izHkko'kkyh cukrs gSaA dgkuh esa laokn dFkkud dks xfr iznku djrs gSa] ik=ksadk pfj=&fp=.k djrs gSa] dgkuh dks LokHkkfodrk iznku djrs gSa] mldk mís'; Li"V djrs gSaA laokndk lcls cM+k xq.k gS&ftKklk vkSj dqrwgy mRiUu djukA bu lc dk;ksZa dk laiknu rHkh gks ldrkgS tc dgkuh ds laokn ik=] ifjfLFkfr ,oa ?kVuk ds vuqdwy gksa] laf{kIr ,oa vFkZiw.kZ gksa] pfj=ksa dksmHkkjus okys] ljy ,oa Li"V gksaA

Hkk"kk 'kSyh&Hkk"kk 'kSyh&Hkk"kk 'kSyh&Hkk"kk 'kSyh&Hkk"kk 'kSyh&

dgkuh dh Hkk"kk ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd mlesa ewy laosnuk dks O;Dr djus dh iwjh {kerk gksA

4

dgkuhdkj dk nkf;Ro vkSj mldh jpuk 'kfDr dk lPpk ifjp; mldh Hkk"kk ls gh feyrk gSA Hkk"kkdh n`f"V ls lQy dgkuh ogh ekuh tkrh gS ftldh Hkk"kk ljy] Li"V izHkkoe;h vkSj fo"k; ,oaik=kuqdwy gksA og vkst] ek/kq;Z xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksA

tgk¡ rd 'kSyh dk lEcU/k gS mlesa lthork] jkspdrk] ladsrkRedrk rFkk izHkkokRedrk vkfndk gksuk vko';d gSA 'kSyh dk laca/k dgkuh ds lEiw.kZ rŸoksa ls jgrk gSA dgkuhdkj bu 'kSfy;ksa esadgkuh fy[k ldrk gS& o.kZu&iz/kku&'kSyh] vkRedFkkRed&'kSyh] ik=kRed 'kSyh] Mk;jh 'kSyh]ukVdh; 'kSyh] HkkoukRed 'kSyh vkfnA dgkuh ds fy, ljl] laoknkRed 'kSyh vf/kd mi;qDr gksrhgSA

okrkoj.k&okrkoj.k&okrkoj.k&okrkoj.k&okrkoj.k&

okrkoj.k dk vFkZ gS] mu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fp=.k djuk ftuesa dgkuh dh ?kVuk,¡ ?kfVrgks jgh gSa rFkk ftuesa dgkuh ds ik= lk¡l ys jgs gSaA lQy dgkuh esa ns'k] dky] izd`fr] ifjos'k vkfndk izHkko l`f"V ds fy, vfuok;Z rŸo ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA okrkoj.k dh l`f"V ls dgkuhân; ij ekfeZd izHkko dh vfHkO;atuk djrh gSA dgkuhdkj iwjs lanHkZ esa lkekftd ifjos'k dks ns[krkgS] mldk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu djrk gSA okrkoj.k ds ek/;e ls og dgkuh esa ,dkafrd izHkko ykus dh fLFkfrmRiUu djrk gSA lgh okrkoj.k fdlh Hkh dgkuh dks fo'oluh; cukrk gSA *mlus dgk Fkk*] *iqjLdkj*tSlh dgkfu;ksa dh izHkkokfUofr esa okrkoj.k dk lg;ksx ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

mís';&mís';&mís';&mís';&mís';&

dgkuh dh jpuk dk mís'; ;wa rks euksjatu ekuk tkrk gS fdUrq euksjatu gh dgkuh dk ,dek= mís'; ugha gksrkA dgkuh esa thou ds fdlh ,d i{k ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSAvkt dh dgkuh ekuo&thou ds fdlh euksoSKkfud lR; dks mtkxj djrh gSA dgkuh }kjk thou&lR; dh O;k[;k ,oa ekuoh; vkn'kksZa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh tkrh gSA vkdkj esa y?kq gksus ds mijkUrHkh dgkuh egku fopkjksa dk ogu djrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,& HkkjrsUnq ;qx dh dgkfu;ksa dk eq[;Loj lkekftd lq/kkjoknh ,oa /kkfeZd n`f"Vdks.k ls izsfjr FkkA izsepUn dh dgkfu;k¡ e/;e oxZ dslkekftd thou dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA tSusUnz dh dgkfu;ksa esa euksoSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k izeq[k gS rks ubZdgkfu;ksa esa lkekftd thou dh folaxfr;ksa ,oa thou ds vHkkoksa] fujk'kkvksa] dqaBkvksa dk lVhdfp=.k gqvk gSA

vr% Li"V gS dgkuh dk mís'; dgkuhdkj ds n`f"Vdks.k ,oa fo"k;oLrq ds vuqdwy gh gksrkgSA

*****

cM+s ?kj dh csVhcM+s ?kj dh csVhcM+s ?kj dh csVhcM+s ?kj dh csVhcM+s ?kj dh csVh

&izsepUn&izsepUn&izsepUn&izsepUn&izsepUn

ys[kd&ifjp;ys[kd&ifjp;ys[kd&ifjp;ys[kd&ifjp;ys[kd&ifjp;

izsepUn dk jpukdky 1901 ls vkjEHk gksrk gSA tc vlg;ksx vkUnksyu py jgk Fkk rcvki lc&fMIVh baLisDVj FksA ukSdjh NksM+dj lkfgR; {ks= esa vk,A izsepUn igys mnwZ esa *uokcjk;*ds uke ls fy[krs FksA lu~ 1907 esa budh igyh dgkuh *nqfu;k dk lcls vueksy jru* mnwZ esa izdkf'krgqbZA fQj fgUnh ls izHkkfor gksdj fgUnh esa fy[kus yxsA fgUnh esa budh igyh dgkuh *iap ijes'oj*Fkh tks lu~ 1916 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA vkidk igyk mnwZ dgkuh laxzg *lksts oru* o *lej ;k=k* dgkuhlaxzg dks vaxzst ljdkj us tCr fd;k o *gal* if=dk dks can djus ij ck/; dj fn;k FkkA

viuh jpukvksa esa mUgksaus vius ;qx ds la?k"kZ dks mHkkjk gSA mudh jpukvksa esa xzkeh.k ofdlkuksa ds izHkko'kkyh fp= feyrs gSaA os lq/kkjd vkSj ekuork ds mikld FksA mudh lHkh dgkfu;k¡okrkoj.k iz/kku o pfj= iz/kku gSaA izsepUn dh jpukvksa dk fo'o dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn Hkh gqvkgSA

izsepUn izFke dFkkdkj Fks ftUgksaus fgUnh esa tkxj.k vkSj fuekZ.k dh dgkfu;k¡ fy[khaA vkidhjpukvksa ij fgUnh esa fQYesa Hkh cuhaA *'krjat ds f[kykM+h* dkQh izfl) gqbZA vkius e;kZnk] ek/kqjh]gal rFkk tkxj.k dk lEiknu Hkh fd;k FkkA

lsoklnu] fueZyk] jaxHkwfe] xcu] dk;kdYi] izsekJe] xksnku vkfn izsepUn ds izfl) miU;klgSaaA yxHkx 300 dgkfu;k¡ *ekuljksoj* ds vkB [k.Mksa esa ladfyr gSaA iap ijes'oj] lIrljkst] izse}kn'kh] izse prqFkhZ] izse iphlh] lIr lqeu vkfn dbZ dgkuh laxzg izfl) gq,A fuca/k] ukVd ovkykspuk,¡ Hkh fy[khaA

ikB&ifjp;ikB&ifjp;ikB&ifjp;ikB&ifjp;ikB&ifjp;

izLrqr dgkuh esa izsepUn us cgw ds dÙkZO; o mldh ftEesnkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dh gSA csVhcM+s ?kj dh gks ;k NksVs ?kj dhA cgw cu dj ftl ?kj esa tkrh gS ml ?kj dks VwVus ls cpk;s j[kusdh ftEesnkjh gksrh gS mldhA nks Hkkb;ksa esa tjk lh ckr ij >xM+k gks x;kA cM+h HkkHkh dk viekudjus okys NksVs HkkbZ dks cM+s HkkbZ us ?kj ls fudy tkus dks dg fn;kA NksVs HkkbZ us Hkwy Lohdkj djrsgq, {kek ek¡x yhA ?kj ds fc[kjus dh fLFkfr esa HkkHkh ds foosdiw.kZ dne ls gh ?kj&ifjokj fc[kjusls cpkA yksxksa dks rkyh ctkus dk volj gh ugha feykA

6

csuhek/ko flag xkSjhiqj xk¡o ds tehankj vkSj uacjnkj FksA muds firkeg fdlh le; cM+s/ku&/kkU; laiUu FksA xk¡o dk iDdk rkykc vkSj eafnj ftudh vc ejEer Hkh eqf'dy Fkh] mUgha dsdhfrZ&LraHk FksA dgrs gSa] bl njokts ij gkFkh >werk Fkk] vc mldh txg ,d cw<+h HkSal Fkh] ftlds'kjhj esa vfLFk&iatj ds flok vkSj dqN 'ks"k u jgk Fkk( ij nw/k 'kk;n cgqr nsrh Fkh( D;ksafd,d&u&,d vkneh gk¡M+h fy, mlds flj ij lokj gh jgrk FkkA csuhek/ko flag viuh vk/kh lsvf/kd&lEifRr odhyksa dks HksaV dj pqds Fks mudh orZeku vk; ,d gtkj #i;s okf"kZd ls vf/kdu FkhA

Bkdqj lkgc ds nks csVs FksA cM+s dk uke JhdaB flag FkkA mlus cgqr fnuksa ds ifjJe vkSjm|ksx ds ckn ch-,- dh fMxzh izkIr dh FkhA vc ,d n¶rj esa ukSdj FkkA NksVk yM+dk ykyfcgkjhflag nksgjs cnu dk] lthyk toku FkkA Hkjk gqvk eq[kM+k] pkSM+h NkrhA HkSal dk nks lsj rktk nw/k ogmBdj lcsjs ih tkrk FkkA JhdaB flag dh n'kk fcYdqy foijhr FkhA bu us=fiz; xq.kksa dks mUgksausch-,-& bUgha nks v{kjksa ij U;ksNkoj dj fn;k FkkA bu nks v{kjksa us muds 'kjhj dks fucZy vkSj psgjsdks dkafrghu cuk fn;k FkkA blh ls oS|d xazFkksa ij mudk fo'ks"k izse FkkA vk;qosZfnd vkS"kf/k;ksa ijmudk vf/kd fo'okl FkkA 'kke&lcsjs ls muds dejs ls izk;% [kjy dh lqjhyh d.kZe/kqj /ofu lqukbZfn;k djrh Fkh] ykgkSj vkSj dydÙks ds oS|ksa ls cM+h fy[kk&i<+h jgrh FkhA

JhdaB bl vaxzsth fMxzh ds vf/kifr gksus ij Hkh vaxzsth lkekftd izFkkvksa ds fo'ks"k izseh uFks( cfYd og cgq/kk cM+s tksj ls mldh fuank vkSj frjLdkj fd;k djrs FksA blh ls xk¡o esa mudkcM+k lEeku FkkA n'kgjs ds fnuksa esa og cM+s mRlkg ls jkeyhyk esa lfEefyr gksrs vkSj Lo;afdlh&u&fdlh ik= dk ikVZ ysrs FksA xkSjhiqj esa jkeyhyk ds ogh tUenkrk FksA izkphu fgUnw lH;rkdk xq.kxku mudh /kkfeZdrk dk iz/kku vax FkkA lfEefyr dqVqac ds rks og ,d&ek= mikld FksAvktdy fL=;ksa dks dqVqac esa fey&tqydj jgus dh tks v#fp gksrh gS] mls og tkfr vkSj ns'k nksuksads fy, gkfudkjd le>rs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd xk¡o dh yyuk,¡ mudh fuand FkhaA dksbZ&dksbZ rksmUgsa viuk 'k=q le>us esa Hkh ladksp u djrh FkhaA Lo;a mudh iRuh dks gh bl fo"k; esa mulsfojks/k FkkA ;g blfy, ugha fd mls vius lkl&llqj] nsoj ;k tsB vkfn ls ?k`.kk Fkh( cfYd mldkfopkj Fkk fd ;fn cgqr lgus vkSj rjg nsus ij Hkh ifjokj ds lkFk fuokZg u gks lds] rks vk,&fnudh dyg ls thou dks u"V djus dh vis{kk ;gh mÙke gS fd viuh f[kpM+h vyx idkbZ tk,A

vkuanh ,d cM+s mPp dqy dh yM+dh FkhA mlds cki ,d NksVh&lh fj;klr ds rkYyqdsnkjFksA fo'kky Hkou] ,d gkFkh] rhu dqÙks] ckt] cgjh f'kdjs] >kM+&Qkuwl] vkWujsjh eftLVªsVh vkSj _.k]tks ,d izfrf"Br rkYyqdsnkj ds HkksX; inkFkZ gSa] lHkh ;gk¡ fo|eku FksA uke Fkk HkwiflagA cM+smnkj&fpÙk vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh iq#"k Fks( nqHkkZX; ls yM+dk ,d Hkh u FkkA lkr yM+fd;k¡ gqbZa vkSj nso;ksxls lc&dh&lc thfor jghaA igyh meax esa rks mUgksaus rhu C;kg fny [kksydj fd,( ij iUnzg&chlgtkj #i;ksa dk dtZ flj ij gks x;k] rks vk¡[k [kqyh] gkFk lesV fy;kA vkuanh pkSFkh yM+dh FkhAog viuh lc cguksa ls vf/kd :iorh vkSj xq.korh FkhA blls Bkdqj Hkwiflag mls cgqr I;kj djrsFksA lqanj larku dks dnkfpr mlds ekrk&firk Hkh vf/kd pkgrs gSaA Bkdqj lkgc cM+s /keZ&ladV esaFks fd bldk fookg dgk¡ djsa\ u rks ;gh pkgrs Fks fd _.k dk cks> c<+s vkSj u ;gh Lohdkj Fkk

7

fd mls vius dks HkkX;ghu le>uk iM+sA ,d fnu JhdaB muds ikl fdlh pans dk #i;k ek¡xus vk,A'kk;n ukxjh&izpkj dk pank FkkA Hkwi flag muds LoHkko ij jh> x, vkSj /kwe/kke ls JhdaB flag dkvkuanh ds lkFk C;kg gks x;kA

vkuanh vius u, ?kj esa vkbZ] rks ;gk¡ dk jax&<ax dqN vkSj gh ns[kkA ftl Vhe&Vke dhmls cpiu ls gh vknr iM+h gqbZ Fkh] og ;gk¡ uke&ek= dks Hkh u FkhA gkFkh&?kksM+ksa dk rks dgukgh D;k] dksbZ lth gqbZ lqanj cgyh rd u FkhA js'keh Lyhij lkFk ykbZ Fkh( ij ;gk¡ ckx dgk¡aA edkuesa f[kM+fd;k¡ rd u Fkh] u tehu ij Q'kZ] u nhokj ij rLohjsaA ;g ,d lkh/kk&lknk nsgkrh x`gLFkedku Fkk] fdUrq vkuanh us FkksM+h gh fnuksa esas vius dks bl ubZ voLFkk ds ,slk vuqdwy cuk fy;k]ekuks mlus foykl ds lkeku dHkh ns[ks gh u FksA

¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½,d fnu nksigj ds le; ykyfcgkjh flag nks fpfM+;k fy, gq, vk;k vkSj Hkkot ls cksyk&

tYnh ls idk nks] eq>s Hkw[k yxh gSA vkuanh Hkkstu cukdj mldh jkg ns[k jgh FkhA vc og u;kO;atu cukus cSBhA gk¡M+h esa ns[kk] rks ?kh iko&Hkj ls vf/kd u FkkA cM+s ?kj dh csVh] fdQk;r D;ktkusA mlus lc ?kh ekal esa Mky fn;kA ykyfcgkjh [kkus cSBk] rks nky esa ?kh u Fkk] cksyk&nky esa?kh D;ksa ugha NksM+k\

vkuanh us dgk& ?kh lc ek¡l esa iM+ x;kA ykyfcgkjh tksj ls cksyk& vHkh ijlksa ?kh vk;kgSA bruh tYnh mB x;k \

vkuanh us mÙkj fn;k& vkt rks dqy iko&Hkj jgk gksxkA og lc eSaus ek¡l esa Mky fn;kAftl rjg lw[kh ydM+h tYnh ty mBrh gS] mlh rjg ls {kq/kk ckoyk euq"; tjk&tjk&lh

ckr ij frud tkrk gSA ykyfcgkjh dks Hkkot dh ;g f<BkbZ cgqr cqjh ekywe gqbZ] fruddj cksyk&eSds esa rks pkgs ?kh dh unh cgrh gks!

L=h xkfy;k¡ lg ysrh gSa] ekj Hkh lg ysrh gSa( ij eSds dh fuank muls ugha lgh tkrhA vkuanheq¡g Qsjdj cksyh& gkFkh ejk Hkh] rks ukS yk[k dkA ogk¡ bruk ?kh fuR; yksx [kk tkrs gSaA

ykyfcgkjh dks Øks/k vk x;k] Fkkyh mBkdj iyV nh] vkSj cksyk& th pkgrk gS] thHkidM+dj [khap yw¡A

vkuanh dks Øks/k vk x;kA eq¡g yky gks x;k] cksyh& og gksrs rks vkt bldk etk p[kkrsAvc vi<+] mtÏ Bkdqj ls u jgk x;kA mldh L=h ,d lk/kkj.k tehankj dh csVh FkhA tc

th pkgrk] ml ij gkFk lkQ dj fy;k djrk FkkA [kM+kÅ mBkdj vkuanh dh vksj tksj ls Qsadh]vkSj cksyk& ftlds xqeku ij Hkwyh gqbZ gks] mls Hkh ns[kwaxk vkSj rqEgsa HkhA

vkuanh us gkFk ls [kM+kÅ jksdh] flj cp x;k( ij vaxqyh esa cM+h pksV vkbZA Øks/k ds ekjs gokls fgyrs iÙks dh Hkk¡fr dk¡irh gqbZ vius dejs esa vkdj [kM+h gks xbZA L=h dk cy vkSj lkgl] ekuvkSj e;kZnk ifr rd gSA mls vius ifr ds gh cy vkSj iq#"kRo dk ?keaM gksrk gSA vkuanh [kwu dk?k¡wV ihdj jg xbZA

¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½JhsdaB flag 'kfuokj dks ?kj vk;k djrs FksA c`gLifr dks ;g ?kVuk gqbZ FkhA nks fnu rd

vkuanh dksi&Hkou esa jghA u dqN [kk;k u fi;k] mudh ckV ns[krh jghA var esa 'kfuokj dks ogfu;ekuqdwy la/;k≤ ij ?kj vk, vkSj ckgj cSBdj dqN b/kj&m/kj dh ckrsa djus yxsA ;g

8

okrkZyki nl cts jkr rd gksrk jgkA xk¡o ds Hknz iq#"kksa dks bu ckrksa esa ,slk vkuan feyrk Fkk fd[kkus&ihus dh Hkh lq/k u jgrh FkhA JhdaB dks fiaM NqM+kuk eqf'dy gks tkrk FkkA ;s nks&rhu ?kaVsvkuanh us cM+s d"V ls dkVs! fdlh rjg Hkkstu dk le; vk;kA iapk;r mBhA ,dkar gqvk] rksykyfcgkjh us dgk& HkS;k] vki tjk HkkHkh dks le>k nhft,xk fd eq¡g l¡Hkkydj ckrphr fd;k djsa]ugha rks ,d fnu vuFkZ gks tk,xkA

csuhek/koflag us csVs dh vksj lk{kh nh& gk¡] cgw&csfV;ksa dk ;g LoHkko vPNk ugha fd enksZads eq¡g yxsA

ykyfcgkjh& og cM+s ?kj dh csVh gS] rks ge Hkh dksbZ ,sls&oSls ugha gSaAJhdaB us fpafrr Loj ls iwNk& vkf[kj ckr D;k gqbZ \ykyfcgkjh us dgk& dqN Hkh ugha( ;ksa gh vki&gh&vku my> iM+hA eSds ds lkeus ge yksxksa

dks dqN le>rh gh ughaAJhdaB [kk&ihdj vkuanh ds ikl x,A og Hkjh cSBh FkhA ;g gtjr Hkh dqN rh[ks FksA vkuanh

us iwNk& fpÙk rks izlUu gS\JhdaB cksys& cgqr izlUu gS( ij rqeus vktdy ?kj esa ;g D;k minzo epk j[kk gS \vkuanh dh R;ksfj;ksa ij cy iM+ x,A >q¡>ykgV ds ekjs cnu esa ;g Tokyk lh ngd mBhA

cksyh&ftlus rqels ;g vkx yxkbZ gS] mls ikÅ¡] eq¡g >qyl nw¡AJhdaB& bruh xje D;ksa gksrh gks] ckr rks dgksAvkuanh& D;k dgw¡] ;g esjs HkkX; dk Qsj gS! ugha rks x¡okj Nksdjk] ftldks pijklhfxjh djus

dk Hkh 'kÅj ugha] eq>s [kM+kÅ ls ekjdj ;ksa u vdM+rkAJhdaB& lc gky lkQ&lkQ dgks] rks ekywe gksA eq>s rks dqN irk ughaAvkuanh& ijlksa rqEgkjs ykM+ys HkkbZ us eq>ls ek¡l idkus dks dgkA ?kh gkaMh esa iko&Hkj ls

vf/kd u FkkA og lc eSaus ek¡l esa Mky fn;kA tc [kkus cSBk rks dgus yxk& nky esa ?kh D;ksa ughagS\ cl blh ij esjs eSds dks cqjk&Hkyk dgus yxk& eq>ls u jgk x;kA eSaus dgk fd ogk¡ bruk ?khrks yksx [kk tkrs gSa\ vkSj fdlh dks tku Hkh ugha iM+rkA cl bruh&lh ckr ij bl vU;k;h us eq>ij [kM+kÅ Qsad ekjhA ;fn gkFk ls u jksd yw¡ rks flj QV tk,A mlh ls iwNks] eSaus tks dqN dgk gS]og lp gS ;k >wBA

JhdaB dh vk¡[k yky gks xbZA cksys&;gk¡ rd gks x;k] bl Nksdjs dk ;g lkgl!vkuanh fL=;ksa ds LoHkkokuqlkj jksus yxh( D;ksafd vk¡lw mudh iydksa ij jgrs gSaA JhdaB cM+s

/kS;Zoku vkSj 'kkar iq#"k FksA mUgsa dnkfpr~ gh dHkh Øks/k vkrk Fkk( fL=;ksa ds vk¡lw ; iq#"k dh Øks/kkfXuHkM+dkus esa rsy dk dke nsrs gSaA jkr&Hkj djoVsa cnyrs jgsA mf}Xurk ds dkj.k iyd rd ugha>idhA izkr%dky vius cki ds ikl tkdj cksys& nknk] vc bl ?kj esa esjk fuckg u gksxkA

bl rjg dh fonzksgiw.kZ ckrsa dgus ij JhdaB us fdruh gh ckj vius dbZ fe=ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksafy;k Fkk( ijUrq nqHkkZX;] vkt mUgsa Lo;a os gh ckrsa vius eq¡g ls dguh iM+haA nwljksa dks mins'k nsukHkh fdruk lgt gS!

csuhek/ko flag ?kcjk mBs vkSj cksys&D;ksa\JhdaB& blfy, fd eq>s Hkh viuh eku&izfr"Bk dk dqN fopkj gSA vkids ?kj esa vc vU;k;

vkSj gB dk izdksi gks jgk gSA ftudks cM+kas dk vknj&lEeku djuk pkfg,] os muds flj p<+rs gSaA

9

eSa nwljs dk ukSdj Bgjk ?kj ij jgrk ughaA ;gk¡ esjs ihNs fL=;ksa ij [kM+kÅ vkSj twrksa dh ckSNkjsa gksrhgSaA dM+h ckr rd fpark ughaA dksbZ ,d dh nks dg ys] ogk¡ rd eSa lg ldrk gw¡ fdUrq ;g dnkfiugha gks ldrk fd esjs Åij ykr&?kw¡ls iM+sa vkSj eSa ne u ek:¡A

csuhek/koflag dqN tokc u ns ldsA JhdaB lnSo mudk vknj djrs FksA muds ,sls rsojns[kdj cw<+k vokd~ jg x;kA dsoy bruk gh cksyk&csVk] rqe cqf)eku gksdj ,slh ckrsa djrs gksa \fL=;k¡ bl rjg ?kj dk uk'k dj nsrh gSaA mudks cgqr flj p<+kuk vPNk ughaA

JhdaB& bruk eSa tkurk gw¡] vkids vk'khokZn ls ,slk ew[kZ ugha gw¡A vki Lo;a tkurs gSaa fdesjs gh le>kus&cq>kus ls] blh xk¡o esa dbZ ?kj l¡Hky x,] ij ftl L=h dh eku&izfr"Bk dk bZ'ojds njckj esa mÙkjnkrk gw¡] mlds izfr ,slk ?kksj vU;k; vkSj i'kqor O;ogkj eq>s vlg~; gSA vki lpekfu,] esjs fy;s ;gh dqN de ugha gS fd ykyfcgkjh dks dqN naM ugha nsrkA

vc csuhek/ko flag Hkh xjek,A ,slh ckrsa vkSj u lqu ldsA cksys& ykyfcgkjh rqEgkjk HkkbZgSA mlls tc dHkh Hkwy&pwd gks] mlds dku idM+ks ysfdu -------------------------

JhdaB& ykyfcgkjh dks eSa vc viuk HkkbZ ugha le>rkAcsuhek/koflag& L=h ds ihNs \JhdaB& th ugha] mldh Øwjrk vkSj vfoosd ds dkj.kAnksuksa dqN nsj pqi jgsA Bkdqj lkgc yM+ds dk Øks/k 'kkar djuk pkgrs Fks] ysfdu ;g ugha

Lohdkj djuk pkgrs Fks fd ykyfcgkjh us dksbZ vuqfpr dke fd;k gSA blh chp esa xk¡o ds vkSj dbZlTtu gqDds&fpye* ds cgkus ogk¡ vk cSBsA dbZ fL=;ksa us tc ;g lquk fd JhdaB iRuh ds ihNsfirk ls yM+us dks rS;kj gSa] rks mUgsa cM+k g"kZ gqvkA nksuksa i{kksa dh e/kqj okf.k;k¡ lquus ds fy, mudhvkRek,¡ fryfeykus yxhaA xk¡o esa dqN ,sls dqfVy euq"; Hkh Fks] tks bl dqy dh uhfriw.kZ xfr ijeu&gh&eu tyrs FksA os dgk djrs Fks& JhdaB vius cki ls ncrk gS] blfy, og nCcw gSA mlusfo|k i<+h] blfy, og fdrkcksa dk dhM+k gSA csuhek/ko flag mldh lykg ds fcuk dksbZ dke ughadjrs] ;g mudh ew[kZrk gSA bu egkuqHkkoksa dks 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ vkt iwjh gksrh fn[kkbZ nhaA dksbZ gqDdkihus ds cgkus vkSj dksbZ yxku dh jlhn fn[kkus vkdj cSB x;kA csuhek/ko flag iqjkus vkneh FksAbu Hkkoksa dks rkM+ x,A mUgksaus fu'p; fd;k pkgs dqN gh D;ksa u gks] bu nzksfg;ksa dks rkyh ctkus dkvolj u nw¡xkA rqjar dksey 'kCnksa esa cksys&csVk] eSa rqels ckgj ugha gw¡A rqEgkjk tks th pkgs djks] vcyM+ds ls vijk/k gks x;kA

bykgkckn dk vuqHko&jfgr >Yyk;k gqvk xzstq,V bl ckr dks u le> ldk mlsfMcsfVax&Dyc esa viuh ckr ij vM+us dh vknr Fkh] bu gFkdaMksa dh mls D;k [kcj \ cki us ftleryc ls ckr iyVh Fkh] og mldh le> esa u vk;kA cksyk ykyfcgkjh ds lkFk vc bl ?kj esa ughajg ldrkA

csuhek/ko&csVk] cqf)eku yksx ew[kksZa dh ckr ij /;ku ugha nsrsA og csle> yM+dk gSA mllstks dqN Hkwy gqbZ] mls rqe cM+s gksdj {kek djksA

JhdaB& mldh bl /k`"Vrk dks eSa dnkfi ugha lg ldrkA ;k rks ogh ?kj esa jgsxk] ;k eSaghA vkidks ;fn og vf/kd I;kjk gS] rks eq>s fonk dhft,] eSa viuk Hkkj vki laHkky yw¡xkA ;fn eq>sj[kuk pkgrs gSa rks mlls dfg,] tgk¡ pkgs pyk tk, cl ;g esjk vafre fu'p; gSA

ykyfcgkjh flag njokts dh pkS[kV ij pqipki [kM+k cM+s HkkbZ dh ckrsa lqu jgk FkkA og

* /kweziku dkuwuh o LokLF; dh n`f"V ls fuf"k) rFkk gkfudkjd gSA

10

mudk cgqr vknj djrk FkkA mls dHkh bruk lkgl u gqvk Fkk fd JhdaB ds lkeus pkjikbZ ij cSBtk,] gqDdk ih ys ;k iku [kk ysA cki dk Hkh og bruk eku u djrk FkkA JhdaB dk Hkh ml ijgkfnZd Lusg FkkA vius gks'k esa mUgksaus dHkh mls ?kqM+dk rd u FkkA tc og bykgkckn ls vkrs] rksmlds fy, dksbZ&u&dksbZ oLrq vo'; ykrs] eqxnj dh tksM+h mUgksaus gh cuok nh FkhA fiNys lkytc mlus vius ls M~;ks<+s toku dks ukxiapeh ds fnu naxy esa iNkM+ fn;k] rks mUgksaus iqyfdr gksdjv[kkM+s esa gh tkdj mls xys ls yxk fy;k Fkk] ik¡p #i;s ds iSls yqVk, FksA ,sls HkkbZ ds eq¡g ls vkt,slh ân;&fonkjd ckr lqudj ykyfcgkjh dks cM+h Xykfu gqbZA og QwV&QwVdj jksus yxkA blesalansg ugha fd vius fd, ij iNrk jgk FkkA HkkbZ ds vkus ls ,d fnu igys ls mldh Nkrh /kM+drhFkh fd ns[kw¡ HkS;k D;k dgrs gSa \ eSa muds lEeq[k dSls tkÅ¡xk] muls dSls cksyw¡xk] esjh vk¡[ksa mudslkeus dSls mBsaxh\ mlus le>k Fkk fd HkS;k eq>s cqykdj le>k nsaxsA bl vk'kk ds foijhr vkt mlusmUgas funZ;rk dh ewfrZ cus gq, ik;kA og ewrZ FkkA ijUrq mldk eu dgrk Fkk fd HkS;k esjs lkFk vU;k;dj jgs gSaA ;fn JhdaB mls vdsys cqykdj nks&pkj ckrsa dg nsrs( bruk gh ugha nks&pkj rekps Hkhyxk nsrs rks dnkfpr mls bruk nq%[k u gksrk( ij HkkbZ dk ;g dguk fd vc eSa bldh lwjr ughans[kuk pkgrk] ykyfcgkjh ls lgk u x;kA og jksrk gqvk ?kj vk;kA dksBjh esa tkdj diM+s igus] vk¡[ksaiksaNh] ftlls dksbZ ;g u le>s fd jksrk FkkA rc vkuanh ds }kj ij vkdj cksyk& HkkHkh] HkS;k us fu'p;fd;k gS fd og esjs lkFk bl ?kj esa u jgsaxsA vc og esjk eq¡g ugha ns[kuk pkgrs( blfy, vc eSa tkrkgw¡A mUgas fQj eq¡g u fn[kkÅ¡xkA eq>ls tks dqN vijk/k gqvk] mls {kek djukA

;g dgrs&dgrs ykyfcgkjh dk xyk Hkj vk;kAftl le; ykyfcgkjh flag flj >qdk, vkuanh ds }kj ij [kM+k Fkk] mlh le; JhdaB Hkh

vk¡[ksa yky fd, ckgj ls vk,A HkkbZ dks [kM+k ns[kk] rks ?k`.kk ls vk¡[ksa Qsj yha] vkSj drjkdj fudyx,A ekuks mldh ijNkbZa ls nwj Hkkxrs gksaA

vkuanh us ykyfcgkjh dh f'kdk;r rks dh Fkh] ysfdu vc eu esa iNrk jgh FkhA og LoHkkols gh n;korh FkhA mls bldk rfud Hkh /;ku u Fkk fd ckr bruh c<+ tk,xhA og eu esa viusifr ij >q¡>yk jgh Fkh fd ;g brus xje D;ksa gksrs gSa\ ml ij ;g Hk; Hkh yxk gqvk Fkk fd dghaeq>ls bykgkckn pyus dks dgsa] rks dSls D;k d:¡xh\ bl chp esa tc mlus ykyfcgkjh dks njoktsij [kM+s ;g dgrs lquk fd vc eSa tkrk gw¡] eq>ls tks dqN vijk/k gqvk] {kek djuk] rks mldkjgk&lgk Øks/k Hkh ikuh gks x;kA og jksus yxhA eu dk eSy /kksus ds fy, u;uty ls mi;qDr vkSjdksbZ oLrq ugha gSA

JhdaB dks ns[kdj vkuanh us dgk&ykyk ckgj [kM+s cgqr jks jgs gSaAJhdaB& rks eSa D;k d:¡\vkuanh & Hkhrj cqyk yksA esjh thHk esa vkx yxs! eSaus dgk¡ ls >xM+k mBk;kAJhdaB& eSa u cqykÅ¡xkAvkuanh& iNrkvksxsA mUgsa cgqr Xykfu gks xbZ gS] ,slk u gks] dgha py nsaAJhdaB u mBsA brus esa ykyfcgkjh us fQj dgk& HkkHkh] HkS;k ls esjk iz.kke dg nksA og esjk

eq¡g ugha ns[kuk pkgrs( blfy, eSa Hkh viuk eq¡g mUgsa u fn[kkÅ¡xkAykyfcgkjh bruk dgdj ykSV iM+k] vkSj 'kh?kzrk ls njokts dh vksj c<+kA var esa vkuanh dejs

ls fudyh vkSj mldk gkFk idM+ fy;kA ykyfcgkjh us ihNs fQjdj ns[kk vkSj vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkjs

11

cksyk& eq>s tkus nksAvkuanh& dgk¡ tkrs gks \ykyfcgkjh& tgk¡ dksbZ esjk eq¡g u ns[ksAvkuanh& eSa u tkus nw¡xhAykyfcgkjh& eSa rqe yksxksa ds lkFk jgus ;ksX; ugha gw¡Avkuanh& rqEgsa esjh lkSxa/k] vc ,d ix Hkh vkxs u c<+kukAykyfcgkjh& tc rd eq>s ;g u ekywe gks tk, fd HkS;k dk eu esjh rjQ ls lkQ gks x;k]

rc rd eSa bl ?kj esa dnkfi u jgw¡xk\vkuanh& eSa bZ'oj dks lk{kh nsdj dgrh gw¡ fd rqEgkjh vksj ls esjs eu esa rfud Hkh eSy ugha

gSAvc JhdaB dk ân; fi?kykA mUgksaus ckgj vkdj ykyfcgkjh dks xys ls yxk fy;kA nksuksa

HkkbZ QwV&QwVdj jks,A ykyfcgkjh us flldrs gq, dgk& HkS;k] vc dHkh er dguk fd rqEgkjk eq¡gu ns[kwa¡xkA blds flok vki tks naM nsaxs] eSa lg"kZ Lohdkj d:¡xkA

JhdaB us dk¡irs gq, Loj ls dgk& yYyw! bu ckrksa dks fcydqy Hkwy tkvksA bZ'oj pkgsxk]rks fQj ,slk volj u vkosxkA

csuhek/ko flag ckgj ls vk jgs FksA nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dks xys feyrs ns[kdj vkuan ls iqyfdrgks x,A cksy mBs& cM+s ?kj dh csfV;k¡ ,slh gh gksrh gSaA fcxM+rk gqvk dke cuk ysrh gSaA

xk¡o esa ftlus ;g o`Ùkkar lquk] mlh us bu 'kCnksa esa vkuanh dh mnkjrk dks ljkgk& *cMs+ ?kjdh csfV;k¡ ,slh gh gksrh gSaA*

'kCnkFk Z&'kCnkFk Z&'kCnkFk Z&'kCnkFk Z&'kCnkFk Z&

nso;ksx& HkkX;] {kq/kk&Hkw[k] Hkkot& HkkHkh]vuFkZ&cqjk] gB& ftn] vfoosd& cqf)ghurk]rkM+ x,& le> x,] Xykfu& i'pkÙkki] naxy& v[kkM+k]rfud& FkksMk lk] vokd~& u cksyus dh fLFkfr dkafr&'kksHkk] peduacjnkj& xk¡o dk eqf[k;k rkYyqdsnkj& fdlh Hkw&Hkkx dk tehankj

oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&

1- HkSal dk nks lsj rktk nw/k losjs mBdj dkSu ih tkrk Fkk&¼d½ Hkwi flag ¼[k½ csuhek/ko flag¼x½ yky fcgkjh flag ¼?k½ JhdaB flag ¼ ½

2- ykyfcgkjh QwV&QwV dj jksus yxk Fkk&¼d½ xyrh ds vglkl ls ¼[k½ HkkbZ dh ckr lqudj¼x½ ?kj ls tkus dh ckr ls¼?k½ ?kj esa jgus dh ckr ls ¼ ½

3- **og cM+s ?kj dh csVh gS] rks ge Hkh dksbZ ,sls&oSls ugha gSaA** ykyfcgkjh ds bl dFku esa dkSulk

12

euksHkko O;Dr gqvk gS&¼d½ viuRo ¼[k½ vge~¼x½ vdqykgV ¼?k½ bZ";kZ ¼ ½

4- **eSa bZ'oj dks lk{kh nsdj dgrh gw¡ fd rqEgkjh vksj ls esjs eu esa rfud Hkh eSy ughaA** ;g okD;vkuanh ds fdl Hkko dks O;Dr djrk gS&¼d½ Lusg Hkko ¼[k½ ,dRo Hkko¼x½ i'pkÙkki dk Hkko ¼?k½ {kek Hkko ¼ ½

vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&

1- vkuanh dk vius ifr ls fdl ckr ij fojks/k Fkk \2- JhdaB dk xk¡o ds yksx vf/kd lEeku D;ksa djrs Fks \3- **eSds esa pkgs ?kh dh unh cgrh gksA** yky fcgkjh ds bl dFku ds mÙkj esa vkuanh us D;k dgk

Fkk \4- vktdy dh fL=;ksa dh fdl eukso`fÙk dh vksj dgkuhdkj us ladsr fd;k gS \

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&

1- *cM+s ?kj dh csVh* dgkuh dk mís'; crkb;sA2- *mf}Xurk ds dkj.k iyd rd ugha >idh* ;g mf}Xurk fdldks] fdl ckr ls gqbZ Fkh \3- vkuanh vU; fL=;ksa dh rjg vius ifr ds fdl fopkj ls lger ugha Fkh\ blds laca/k esa mldh

D;k /kkj.kk Fkh \4- ykyfcgkjh ds izfr Lusg j[krs gq, Hkh JhdaB Øksf/kr D;ksa gks mBk Fkk \

fuca/kkRed iz'u&fuca/kkRed iz'u&fuca/kkRed iz'u&fuca/kkRed iz'u&fuca/kkRed iz'u&

1- *cM+s ?kj dh csVh* 'kh"kZd dgkuh ds ukedj.k dh lkFkZdrk ij fopkj dhft,A2- vkidh n`f"V esa bl ikB esa dkSu lh ckr lcls xyr gqbZ \ bl ckr dh ppkZ djrs gq, vius

fopkj fy[ksa fd vki ml ckr dks cqjh D;ksa ekurs gSa \ foLr`r foospu dhft,A3- **?kj dh NksVh&NksVh ckrsa lnL;ksa ds vge~ ds dkj.k mlds fo?kVu dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSA**

cM+s ?kj dh csVh dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij bl dFku dh lkFkZdrk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

*****

[ksy[ksy[ksy[ksy[ksy

&tSusUnz dqekj&tSusUnz dqekj&tSusUnz dqekj&tSusUnz dqekj&tSusUnz dqekj


dgkuhdkj tSusUnz dk tUe lu~ 1905 bZ- esa gqvkA fgUnh dgkuh ds ijEijkxr f'kYi ds LFkkuij mls uohu /kjkry iznku fd;kA LFkwy ds LFkku ij lw{e txr dh vksj ys x,A ekuo dh vkUrfjdleL;kvksa dk lw{e vadu fd;kA blls budh dgkfu;ksa dks ubZ vUrnZf"V] laosnu'khyrk vkSj nk'kZfudxgjkbZ izkIr gqbZA mUgksaus ekuo ds vlkekU; O;ogkj dh ekufld izfrfØ;kvksa dks fo'ysf"kr fd;kAtSusUnz vUr}ZU} ds }kjk ekuoh; mnkÙk Hkkoukvksa dh lgt vfHkO;fDr djrs gSaA budh dgkfu;ksa esa?kVukvksa ds LFkku ij pfj=&fp=.k vkSj 'kSyh ij vf/kd tksj fn;k x;k gSA thou ds lk/kkj.k ladsrksals gh os dFkk dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrs gSa] bl :i esa os ik=ksa ds pfj=&fp=.k ij vf/kd tksj u nsdjmudh fof'k"V xfr;ksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA

tSusUnz dh dgkfu;ksa esa O;fDr&lR; ds lkFk vga dk foltZu Hkh gS vkSj muds ewy esa lgtekuoh;&o`fr;k¡ gSa] ^[ksy*] ^,d dSnh*] ^iktsc*] ^tkàoh*] ^viuk&viuk HkkX;*] ^uhye ns'k dhjktdU;k* vkSj ^,d xkS* dgkfu;ksa esa bls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA


^[ksy* dgkuh esa ckydksa dh ØhM+kvksa dk lgt vkSj LokHkkfod fp=.k gSA mudk ijLij:Buk rFkk eukuk ân;&Li'khZ gSA ckydksa ds ifo= ,oa fu'Ny Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr muds :Buseukus esa gksrh gSA mudk lgt Lusg vR;Ur eeZLi'khZ gSA dgkuh ds laokn ckyeu ds vuq:i gSa] vkSjdgkuh dk vUr izHkkoksRiknd gSA

**** ****

ekSu&eqX/k la/;k fLer izdk'k ls g¡l jgh FkhA ml le; xaxk ds futZu ckyqdkLFky ij ,dckyd vkSj ckfydk] vius dks vkSj lkjs fo'o dks Hkwy] xaxkrV ds ckyw vkSj ikuh dks viuk ,dek=vkReh; cuk muls f[kyokM+ dj jgs FksA

izd`fr bu funksZ"k ijekRe&[k.Mksa dks fuLrC/k vkSj fufuZes"k fugkj jgh FkhA ckyd dgha ls,d ydM+h ykdj rV ds ty dks NVkNV mNky jgk FkkA ikuh ekuks pksV [kkdj Hkh ckyd ls fe=rktksM+us ds fy, foày gks mNy jgk FkkA ckfydk vius ,d iSj ij jsr tekdj vkSj Fkki dj ,d HkkM+

14

cuk jgh FkhAcukrs&cukrs HkkM+ ls ckfydk cksyh] ^ns[k] Bhd ugha cuk] rks eSa rq>s QksM+ nwaxhA** fQj cM+s

I;kj ls Fkidk Fkidkdj mls Bhd djus yxhA lksprh tkrh Fkh&blds Åij eSa ,d dqVh cukÅaxh&ogesjh dqVh gksxhA vkSj euksgj \ ugha] og dqVh esa ugha jgsxk] ckgj [kM+k [kM+k HkkM+ esa iÙks >ksadsxkAtc og gkj tk,xk] cgqr dgsxk] rc eSa fQj mls viuh dqVh ds Hkhrj ys yw¡xhA

euksgj m/kj vius ikuh ls fgy feydj [ksy jgk FkkA mls D;k ekywe fd ;gk¡ vdkj.k ghml ij jks"k vkSj vuqxzg fd;k tk jgk gSA

ckfydk lksp jgh Fkh&euksgj dSlk vPNk gSA ij og naxbZ cM+k gSA gesa NsM+rk gh jgrk gSvc ds naxk djsxk rks ge mls dqVh esa lk>h ugha djsaxsA lk>h gksus dks dgsxk rks mlls 'krZ djokysaxs rc lk>h djsaxsA

ckfydk lqjckyk lkrosa o"kZ esa FkhA euksgj dksbZ nks lky mlls cM+k FkkAckfydk dks vpkud /;ku vk;k&HkkM+ dh Nr rks xje gksxhA ml ij euksgj jgsxk dSls\

eSa rks jg tkÅaxh] ij euksgj cspkjk dSls lgsxk \ fQj lkspk&mlls eSa dg nwaxh&HkbZ Nr cgqr rijgh gS] rqe tyksxs] rqe er tkvksA ij og vxj ugha ekuk \ esjs ikl gksus dks og vk;k gh&rks \eSa dg¡wxh&HkbZ Bgjks] eSa gh ckgj vkrh gw¡&ij og esjs ikl vkus dh ftn djsxk D;k------\ t:j djsxk]og cM+k gBh gS&A ij eSa mls vkus ugha nw¡xhA cspkjk risxk-------- Hkyk dqN Bhd gSA T;knk dgsxk] eSa/kDdk ns nw¡xh vkSj dgw¡xh&vjs] ty tk,xk ew[kZ! ;g lkspus ij mls cM+k etk&lk vk;k] ij mldkeq¡g lw[k x;kA mls ekuks lpeqp gh /kDdk [kkdj euksgj ds fxjus dk vn~Hkqr vkSj d#.k n`'; ?kfVrdh Hkk¡fr izR;{k gks x;kA

ckfydk us nks ,d iDds gkFk HkkM+ ij yxkdj ns[kkA HkkM+ vc fcydqy cu x;k FkkA ek¡ftl lrdZ lko/kkuh ls vius dks gVkdj uotkr f'k'kq dks fcNkSus ij ysVk NksM+rh gS] oSls gh lqjckykus viuk ik¡o /khjs&/khjs HkkM+ ds uhps ls [khapuk 'kq: fd;kA /khjs&/khjs]&/khjs&/khjsA bl fØ;k esa oglpeqp HkkM+ dks iqpdkjrh lh tkrh FkhA mlds iSj ij gh rks HkkM+ fVdk gS iSj dk vkJ; gV tkusij cspkjk dgha VwV u iM+sA iSj lkQ fudkyus ij HkkM+ vc T;ksa dk R;ksa fVdk jg x;k] rc ckfydk,d ckj vkg~ykn ls ukp mBhA

ckfydk ,dckjxh gh euksgj dks bl vykSfdd dkjhxjh okys HkkM+ ds n'kZu ds fy, nkSM+dj[khap ykus dks m|r gks xbZA ew[kZ yM+dk ikuh ls my> jgk gSA ;gk¡ dSlh tcnZLr dkjxqtkjh gqbZgS] lks ugha ns[krkA ,slk iDdk HkkM+ mlus dgha ns[kk Hkh gSA

ij lkspk&vHkh ugha] igys dqVh rks cuk yw¡ ;g lkspdj ckfydk us jsr dh ,d pqVdh yhvkSj cM+s gkSys ls HkkM+ ds flj ij NksM+ nhA fQj nwljh] fQj rhljh] fQj pkSFkhA bl izdkj pkj pqVdhjsr /khjs&/khjs NksM+dj lqjckyk us HkkM+ ds flj ij viuh dqVh rS;kj dj yhA

HkkM+ rS;kj gks x;kA ij iM+ksl dk HkkM+ tc ckfydk us iwjk&iwjk ;kn fd;k rks irk pyk],d deh jg xbZ&/kq¡vk dgk¡ ls gksdj fudysxk\ rfud lkspdj mlus ,d lhad Vs<+h djds mlds'kh"kZ ij xkM+ nhA cl czãkaM dh lcls laiw.kZ laink vkSj fo'o dh lcls lqUnj oLrq rS;kj gks xbZA

og ml le; mtÏ euksgj dks bl viwoZ LFkkiR; dk n'kZu djk,xh] ij vHkh tjk FkksM+kns[k rks ys vkSjA lqjckyk eq¡g ck, vk¡[ksa fLFkj djds bl HkkM+&Js"B dks ns[k ns[kdj fofLer vkSjiqyfdr gksus yxhA ijekRek dgk¡ fojktrs gSa] dksbZ ckyk ls iwNs] rks og crk, bl HkkM+ ds tknw esaA

15

euksgj viuh lqjh&ljks&lqjhZ dh ;kn dj ikuh ls ukrk rksM+ gkFk dh ydM+h Hkjiwj tksj ls xaxk dh/kkjk esa Qsaddj tc eqM+k] rc Jh lqjckyk nsoh ,dVd viuh ijekRe&yhyk ds tknw dks cw>us vkSjljkgus esa yxh gqbZ FkhA

euksgj us ckyk dh n`f"V dk vuqlj.k dj ns[kk&nsohth fcydqy vius HkkM+ esa vVdh gqbZgSA mlus tksj ls dgdgk yxkdj ,d ykr esa HkkM+ dk dke reke dj fn;kA

u tkus D;k fdyk Qrg fd;k gks] ,sls xoZ ls Hkjdj funZ;h euksgj fpYyk;k&lqjksZ jkuh!lqjksZ jkuh ewd [kM+h FkhA mlds eq¡g ij tgk¡ vHkh ,d fo'kq) jl Fkk] ogk¡ vc ,d 'kwU; QSy

x;kA jkuh ds lkeus lk{kkr~ ,d LoxZ vk [kM+k gqvk FkkA og mlh ds gkFk dk cuk;k gqvk Fkk vkSjog fdlh ,d dks mldh ,d ,d euksjerk vkSj LoxhZ;rk dk n'kZu djkuk pkgrh FkhA gk] gar! oghO;fDr vk;k vkSj mlus viuh ykr ls mls rksM+ QksM+ Mkyk! jkuh gekjh cM+h O;Fkk ls Hkj xbZA

gekjs fo}ku ikBdksa esa ls dksbZ gksrk rks mu ew[kksZa dks le>krk&lalkj {k.k&Hkaxqj gSA blesanq%[k D;k vkSj lq[k D;k! tks ftlls cuk gS] mls mlh esa y; gks tkuk gSA mlesa 'kksd vkSj m}sx dhD;k ckr gS\ ;g lalkj ty dk cqycqyk gS] QwVdj ,d le; ty esa gh [kks tkuk mldh lkFkZdrkgSA tks bruk ugha le>rs os o`Fkk gSA jh] ew[kZ yM+dh] rw le>! lc czãkaM czãe; gSA mlh esa yhugks tkus ds vFkZ gSA blls rw fdlfy, O;FkZ lg jgh gS\ jsr dk rsjk HkkM+ rsjk dqN Fkk Hkh \ eu dkrek'kk FkkA cl gqvk] vkSj yqIr gks x;kA jsr esa ls gksdj jsr esa fey x;kA bl ij [ksn er dj] bllsf'k{kk ysA ftlus ykr ekjdj mls rksM+k gS] og rks ijekRek dk lk/ku ek= gSA ijekRek rq>s xaHkhjf'k{kk nsuk pkgrs gSA yM+dh] rw ew[kZ D;ksa curh gS \ ijekRek dh bl f'k{kk dks le> vkSj ml }kjkmu rd igq¡pus dk iz;kl dj] vkfn vkfnA

ij cspkjh ckfydk dk nqHkkZX;] dksbZ foK /kheku~ iafMr rÙoksins'k ds fy, ml xaxk rV ijugha igqap ldsA gesa rks ;g Hkh lansg gS fd lqjhZ ,dne bruh tM+ ew[kkZ gS fd ;fn dksbZ ijksidkjjriafMr ijekRe&funsZ'k ls ogk¡ igq¡pdj mins'k nsus Hkh yxrs] rks og mudh ckr dks le>rh rks D;k]lqurh rd ughaA 'kk;n eq¡g fcpdk, jgrhA ij] vc rks ogk¡ fucqZf)] 'kB euksgj ds flok dksbZ ughagSa] vkSj euksgj fo'orÙo dh ,d Hkh ckr ugha tkurkA mldk eu tkus dSlk gks jgk gS\ tSls dksbZmls Hkhrj gh Hkhrj elksldj fupksM+ Mky jgk gS ysfdu mlus cudj dgk] ^lqjks] nqÙk ixyh! :BrhgS\**

lqjckyk oSlh gh [kM+h jghA^^lqjh] :Brh D;ksa gS\**ckyk rfud u fgyhA^^lqjh! lqjh! & vks lqjh!*vc cuuk u gks ldkA euksgj dh vkokt gBkr~ daih lh fudyhAlqjckyk vc vkSj eq¡ag Qsjdj [kM+h gks xbZA Loj ds bl daiu dk lkeuk 'kk;n mlls u gks

ldkA^^lqjh& vks lqfj;k! eSa euksgj gw¡&& euksgjA eq>s ekjrh ugha\**;g euksgj us mlds ihB ihNs ls dgk vkSj ,sls dgk] tSls og ;g izdV djuk pkgrk gS fd

og jks ugha jgk gSA^^ge ugha cksyrsA** ckfydk ls fcuk cksys jgk u x;kA mldk HkkM+ 'kk;n 'kwU; esa foyhu gks

16

x;kA mldk LFkku vkSj lqjckyk dh lkjh nqfu;k dk LFkku] dk¡irh gqbZ euksgj dh vkokt us ys fy;kAeuksgj us cM+k cy yxkdj dgk] ^lqjhZ] euksgj rsjh ihNs [kM+k gSA og cM+k nq"V gSA cksy er]

ij ml ij jsr D;ksa ugha Qsad nsrh] ekj D;ksa ugha nsrh\ mls ,d FkIiM+ yxk&og vc dHkh dlwj ughadjsxkA**

ckyk us dM+ddj dgk] ^^pqi jgks th!**^^pqi jgrk gw¡] ij eq>s ns[kksxh Hkh ugha\**^ûgha ns[krhA**^^vPNk er ns[kksA er gh ns[kksA eSa vc dHkh lkeus u vkÅ¡xk] eSa blh yk;d gw¡A^^dg fn;k rqels] rqe pqi jgksA ge ugha cksyrsA** ckfydk esa O;Fkk vkSj Øks/k dHkh dk [kRe

gks pqdk FkkA og rks fi?kydj cg pqdk FkkA ;g dqN vkSj gh Hkko FkkA ;g ,d mYykl Fkk tksO;ktdksi dk :i /kj jgk FkkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g L=hRo FkkA

euksgj cksyk] ^^yks lqjhZ] eSa ugha cksyrkA eSa cSBk tkrk gw¡A ;gha cSBk jgw¡xkA rqe tc rd udgksxh] u mBw¡xk] u cksyw¡xkA

euksgj pqi cSB x;kA dqN {k.k ckn gkjdj lqjckyk cksyh] ^gekjk HkkM+ D;ksa rksM+k th \ gekjkHkkM+ cukds nksA**

^^yks] vHkh yksA**^^ge oSlk gh ysaxsA**^ôSlk gh yks] mlls Hkh vPNkA**^^ml iS gekjh dqVh Fkh] ml iS /kq¡, dk jkLrk FkkA**^^yks lc yksA rqe crkrh tkvks] eSa cukrk tkÅ¡A**^^ge ugha crk,axsA rqeus D;ksa rksM+k\ rqeus rksM+k] rqEgh cukvks!**^^vPNk] ij rqe b/kj ns[kks rks!**^^ge ugha ns[krs] igys HkkM+ cukds nksA**euksgj us rHkh [kq'kh [kq'kh ,d HkkM+ cukdj rS;kj fd;kA dgk] ^^yks HkkM+ cu x;kA**^^cu x;k\**^^gk¡A**^^/kq¡, dk jkLrk cuk;k\ dqVh cukbZ\**^^lks dSls cukÅ¡&crkvks rksA**^îgys cukvks] rc crkÅ¡xhA**HkkM+ ds flj ij ,d lhad yxkdj vkSj ,d ,d iÙks dh vksV yxkdj dgk] ^cuk fn;kA**rqjar eqM+dj lqjckyk us dgk] ^vPNk fn[kkvksA**^^lhad Bhd ugha yxh th^^] îÙkk ,sls yxsxk** vkfn&vkfn la'kks/ku dj pqdus ij euksgj dks

gqDe gqvk&^^FkksM+k ikuh ykvks] HkkM+ ds flj ij MkysaxsA**euksgj ikuh yk;kAxaxkty ls dj ik=ksa }kjk og HkkM+ dk vfHk"ksd djuk gh pkgrk Fkk fd lqjksZ jkuh us ,d

ykr ls HkkM+ ds flj dks pdukpwj dj fn;kA

17

lqjckyk jkuh g¡lh ls ukp mBhA lkspdj mRQqYyrk ls dgdgk yxkus yxkA ml futZu izkaresa og fueZy f'k'kq&gkL;&jo ygjsa ysrk gqvk O;kIr gks x;kA lwjt egkjkt ckydksa tSls&yky&ykyeq¡g ls xqykch&xqykch g¡lh g¡l jgs FksA xaxk ekuks tku cw>dj fdydkfj;k¡ ekj jgh FkhA

vkSj&vkSj os yEcs Å¡ps&Å¡ps fnXxt isM+ nk'kZfud iafMrksa dh Hkk¡fr gkL; dh lkj 'kwU;rk ijekuks eu&gh&eu xaHkhj rÙoykspu dj g¡lh esa Hkwys gq, ew[kksZa ij FkksM+h n;k c['kuk pkg jgs FksA


fLer & eqLdjkgV] fufuZes"k & viyd] lk>h & Hkkxhnkj]foày&O;kdqy ¼?kcjk;k gqvk½] izR;{k & vk¡[kksa ds lkeus] m|r & rS;kj]vykSfdd & vuks[kk] O;ktdksi&Øks/k dk cgkuk] foK & fo}ku]/kheku~ & cqf)eku] 'kB & ew[kZ foyhu & fey tkuk]rŸoksins'kd&jgL;kRed Kku djik= & vatfy] jo & vkokt ¼Loj½]dk mins'k nsus okyk]vkJ; & lgkjk] vkg~ykn & izlUurk] LFkkiR; & Hkou fuekZ.k]O;Fkk & nq%[k] {k.k Hkaxqj & iyHkj esa u"V

gksus okyk ¼vfuR;½A

oLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'u

1- lqjckyk ds HkkM+ dks QksM+dj euksgj dks dSlk yxk&¼d½ tSls mlus nkSM+ thr yh gksA¼[k½ tSls mlus fdyk Qrg dj fy;k gksA¼x½ tSls mlus nkSyr izkIr dj yh gksA¼?k½ tSls mldk lcdqN ywV x;k gksA ¼ ½

2- ^^lqjh--------------------------vks lqfj;kA eSa euksgj gw¡----------euksgjA eq>s ekjrh ugha \** euksgj ds bldFku ls D;k Hkko izdV gksrk gS&¼d½ [ksn vkSj Xykfu ¼[k½ Lusg¼x½ Åc vkSj fujk'kk ¼?k½ fojfDr ¼ ½

3- lqjkS jkuh ewd [kM+h FkhA mlds eq¡g ij tgk¡ vHkh ,d fo'kq) jl Fkk] ogk¡ vc ,d 'kwU; QSyx;kA dkj.k Fkk&¼d½ euksgj dk >xM+k¼[k½ euksgj }kjk HkkM+ dks rksM+ Mkyuk¼x½ euksgj }kjk fp<+kuk¼?k½ euksgj ds vi'kCn lquuk ¼ ½

vfry?k wÙkjkRed&vfry?k wÙkjkRed&vfry?k wÙkjkRed&vfry?k wÙkjkRed&vfry?k wÙkjkRed&

1- lqjckyk vkSj euksgj dh mez D;k Fkh \2- lqjckyk us feV~Vh ls D;k cuk;k Fkk \

18

3- ^^lqjckyk g¡lh ls ukp mBhA euksgj mRQqYyrk ls dgdgk yxkus yxkA** nksuksa dh izlUurkdk D;k dkj.k Fkk \

4- ^^dg fn;k rqels] rqe pqi jgksA ge ugha cksyrsA** ;g okD; fdlus] fdldks vkSj dc dgs \


1- lqjckyk ds O;fDrRo esa ukjhRo >ydrk izrhr gksrk gSA mls Li"V dhft,A2- euksgj dh dkairh gqbZ vkokt lqudj lqjckyk ij D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ \3- ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij cPpksa dh cnyk ysus dh izo`fr ij izdk'k Mkfy,A4- ^^cPps nsj rd Øks/k dks cuk, j[kdj :Bs ugha jgrsA** ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij bl cky

euksfoKku dks le>kb;sA5- ^^cPpksa esa dYiuk'khyrk gksrh gSA** lqjckyk ds O;ogkj dk vk/kkj ysdj crkb;sA


1- ^[ksy* dgkuh dk mís'; Li"V djrs gq, leh{kk dhft,A2- fl) dhft, fd tSusUnz dh ^[ksy* dgkuh cky euksfoKku dk fun'kZu djkrh gSA3- ?kj ykSVrs le; lqjckyk vkSj euksgj ds e/; D;k ckrphr gqbZ gksxh] dYiuk ds vk/kkj ij

mÙkj nhft,A4- ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij lqjckyk vkSj euksgj ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krk,a fy[krs gq, mudh

rqyuk dhft,A

*****

'kj.knkrk'kj.knkrk'kj.knkrk'kj.knkrk'kj.knkrk

&vKs;&vKs;&vKs;&vKs;&vKs;


vKs; dk iwjk uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u vKs; gSA vKs; dk tUe 1911 esa dfla;k¼nsofj;k½ esa gqvkA

vKs; fo'kky Hkkjr] lSfud vkSj izrhd ds lEiknd jgsA fnueku ¼lekpkj lkIrkfgd½ dklaiknu Hkh fd;kA vkdk'kok.kh vkSj lsuk esa Hkh ukSdjh dhA ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ckj ;k=k,a dhaAvKs; fgUnh lkfgR; esa vk/kqfudrk vkSj u, iz;ksx ds iz.ksrk jgs gSA fopkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk mudh 'kSyhesa Hkh uohurk FkhA

vKs; us miU;kl] dgkuh] ;k=k o.kZu] dfork] fucU/k lHkh fo/kkvksa esa jpuk dhA mudhizfl) jpukvksa esa 'ks[kj ,d thouh* ¼nks Hkkx½ unh ds }hi*] vius&vius vtuch* ¼miU;kl½ vjs];k;koj jgsxk ;kn*] ^,d cwan lglk mNyh* o ^vkReusin* ¼fuca/k laxzg½A ^gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj*]^ckojk vgsjh*] ^vk¡xu ds ikj }kj* ¼dfork laxzg½ ^foiFkxk*] ^dksBjh dh ckr*] ^t;nksy*] ^;s rsjsizfr:i*] ^'kj.kkFkhZ*] ^ijEijk* ¼dgkuh laxzg½ nks Hkkxksa esa dgkfu;k¡ ladfyr gSaA


izLrqr dgkuh ns'k ds c¡Vokjs ds le; dh dgkuh gSA fgUnw&eqlyeku vkil esa izse vkSjHkkbZpkjs ls jgrs FksA ,d eqlyeku us vius fgUnw fe= dks Hkkjr tkus ls jksdkA mRikfr;ksa&naxkb;ksals mldh j{kk djus gsrq fgUnw fe= dks vius ?kj esa 'kj.k nhA og Hkh ,sls le; esa tc fd lc rjQvkx Fkh] lkaiznkf;drk dk rwQku FkkA lc dqN ty jgk FkkA vius ?kj esa [krjs dh vk'kadk ls viusfgUnw fe= dks vU;= vius nwljs fe= ds ;gk¡ igq¡pk fn;kA lc tu ,d ls ugha gksrsA 'kj.kkxr dhizk.k xaok dj Hkh j{kk dh tkrh gSA 'kj.knkrk 'kj.kkxr dh tku ysus dk iz;kl ugha djrkA

**** ****

^^;g dHkh gks gh ugha ldrk] nsfoUnjyky th!**jQhdqíhu odhy dh ok.kh dk vkxzg FkkA psgjs ij vkxzg ds lkFk fpUrk vkSj dqN O;Fkk

dk HkkoA mUgksaus fQj nqgjk;k] ^^;g dHkh ugha gks ldrk] nsfoUnjyky th!**

20

nsfoUnjyky us mlds bl vkxzg dks tSls dcwyrs gq,] ij viuh ykpkjh crkrs gq, dgk] ^lcrks pys x,A vkils eq>s dksbZ Mj ugha cfYd vkidk rks lgkjk gS] ysfdu vki tkurs gSa] tc ,d ckjyksxksa dks Mj tdM+ ysrk gS] vkSj HkxnM+ iM+ tkrh gS rc fQtk gh dqN vkSj gks tkrh gSA gj dksbZgj fdlh dks 'kqcgs dh utj ls ns[krk gS] vkSj [k+kge[k+kg nq'eu gks tkrk gSA vki rks eksgYys ds ljojgSa] ij ckgj ls vkus&tkus okyksa dk D;k fBdk.kk! vki rks ns[k gh jgs gSa] dSlh&dSlh okjnkrsa gks jghgSa---------**

jQhdqíhu us ckr dkVrs gq, dgk] ^ugha lkgc] gekjh ukd dV tk,xhA dksbZ ckr gS Hkykfd vki ?kjckj NksM+dj vius gh 'kgj esa iukgxthZ gks tk,a! ge rks vkidks tkus u nsaxs] cfYdtcjnLrh jksd ysaxsA eSa rks bls estkfjVh dk QtZ ekurk gw¡ fd og ekbukfjVh dh fgQktr djs rksmUgsa ?kj NksM+&NksM+dj Hkkxus u nsA ge iM+kslh dh fgQktr u dj lds rks eqYd dh fgQktr D;k[k+kd djsaxsA vkSj eq>s iwjk ;dhu gS fd ckgj dh rks [kSj ckr gh D;k] iatkc esa gh dbZ fgUnw Hkh] tgk¡mudh cgqrk;r gS] ,slk gh lksp vkSj dj jgs gksaxsA vki u tkb,] u tkb,A vkidh fgQktr dhftEesnkjh esjs flj] cl!**

nsfoUnjyky ds iM+ksl ds fgUnw ifjokj /khjs&/khjs ,d&,d djds f[kld x, FksA gksrk ;gfd nksigj&'kke tc dHkh lk{kkr~ gksrk] nsfoUnjyky iwNrs] ^dgks ykykth ¼;k ckÅth ;k iaMTth½]D;k lykg c.kk;h gS vkius\** vkSj og mÙkj nsrs] ^^th lykg D;k c.kk.kh gS] ;gha jg jgs gSa] ns[khtk,xh---** ij 'kke dks ;k vxys fnu losjs nsfoUnjyky ns[krs gSa fd og pqipki t:jh lkeku ysdjdgha f[kld x, gSa] dksbZ ykgkSj ls ckgj] dksbZ ykgkSj esa gh fgUnqvksa ds eksgYys esaA vkSj vUr esa ;gifjfLFkfr vk xbZ Fkh fd vc mlds nkfguh vksj pkj edku [kkyh NksM+dj ,d eqlyeku xwtj dkvgkrk iM+rk Fkk ftlesa ,d vksj xwtj dh HkSal vkSj nwljh vksj dbZ NksVs&eksVs eqlyeku dkjhxj jgrsFks] ckbZa vkSj Hkh nsfoUnj vkSj jQhdqíhu ds edkuksa ds chp es edku [kkyh Fks vkSj jQhdqíhu ds edkuds ckn ekStax dk vM~Mk iM+rk Fkk] ftlds ckn rks fo'kq) eqlyeku cLrh FkhA nsfoUnjyky vkSjjQhdqíhu esa iqjkuh nksLrh Fkh] vkSj ,d&,d vkneh ds tkus ij muls ppkZ gksrh FkhA vUr esa tc,d fnu nsfoUnjyky us crk;k fd og Hkh pys tkus dh ckr ij fopkj dj jgs gSa] rc jQhdqíhu dks/kDdk yxk vkSj mUgksaus O;fFkr Loj esa dgk] ^^nsfoUnjyky th] vki Hkh!**

jQhdqíhu dk vk'oklu ikdj nsfoUnjyky jg x,A rc ;g r; gqvk fd vxj [kqnk u djsdksbZ [krjs dh ckr gqbZ gh] rks jQhdqíhu mUgsa igys [kcj dj nsaxs vkSj fgQktr dk bUrtke djnsaxs&pkgs tSls gksA nsfoUnjyky dh L=h rks dqN fnu igys gh tkya/kj ek;ds pyh xbZ Fkh] mls fy[kfn;k x;k fd vHkh u vk;s] ogha jgsA jg x, nsfoUnj vkSj mudk igkfM+;k ukSdj lUrwA

fdUrq O;oLFkk cgqr fnu ugha pyhA pkSFks gh fnu losjs mBdj mUgksaus ns[kk fd lUrw Hkkx x;kgSA vius gkFkksa pk; cukdj mUgksaus ih] /kksus dks crZu mBk jgs Fks fd jQhdqíhu us vkdj [kcj nh]lkjs 'kgj esa ekj&dkV gks jgh gS vkSj FkksM+s esa ekStax esa Hkh gR;kjksa ds fxjksg ca/k&ca/kdj fudysaxs dghatkus dk le; ugha gS] nsfoUnjyky viuk t:jh vkSj dherh lkeku ys ysa vkSj muds lkFk muds ?kjpysaA ;g cyk Vy tk,] rks fQj ykSV vk,axs-----

^dherh* lkeku dqN Fkk ughaA xguk&NYyk lc L=h ds lkFk tkyU/kj pyk x;k Fkk] #i;kFkksM+k cgqr cSad esa Fkk] vkSj T;knk QSyko dqN mUgksaus fd;k ugha FkkA ;ksa x`gLFk dks viuh fxjLrhdh gj pht dherh ekywe gksrh gS------- nsfoUnjyky ?k.Vs Hkj ckn vius Vªad&fcLrj ds lkFk jQhdqíhu

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ds ;gk¡ tk ig¡qpsArhljs igj mUgksaus ns[kk] gqYyM+ ekStax esa vk igq¡pk gSA 'kke gksrs&gksrs mudh fufuZes"k vk¡[kksa

ds lkeus muds ?kj dk rkyk rksM+k x;k vkSj tks dqN Fkk yqV x;kA jkr dks tgk¡&rgk¡ yiVsa mBusyxh vkSj Hkknksa dh mel /kqvk¡ [kkdj vkSj Hkh xy?kksaVw gks xbZ--------

jQhdqíhu Hkh vk¡[kksa esa ijkt; fy;s pqipki ns[krs jgsA dsoy ,d ckj mUgksaus dgk] ;g fnuHkh ns[kus dks&vkSj vktknh ds uke ij! ;k vYykg!*

ysfdu [kqnk ftls ?kj ls fudkyrk gSA mls fQj xyh esa Hkh iukg ugha nsrkAnsfoUnjyky ?kj ds ckgj fudy gh u ldrs jQhdqíhu gh vkrs&tkrsA dke djus dk rks

okrkoj.k gh ugha Fkk] os ?kwe?kke vkrs] cktkj dj vkrs vkSj 'kgj dh [kcj ys vkrs] nsfoUnjyky dkslqukrs vkSj fQj nksuksa cgqr nsj rd ns'k ds Hkfo"; dh vkykspuk fd;k djrsA nsfoUnj us igys rks y{;ugha fd;k] ysfdu ckn esa igpkuus yxk fd jQhdqíhu dh ckrksa esa dqN fpUrk dk] vkSj dqN ,d vkSjihM+k dk Hkh Loj] ftls og uke ugha ns ldrk&Fkdku \ mnklh \ fojfDr \ ijkt;\ u tkus-------

'kgj rks ohjku gks x;k FkkA tgk¡&rgk¡ yk'ksa lM+us yxh Fkha] ?kj yqV pqds Fks vkSj vc tyjgs FksA 'kgj ds ukeh MkWDVj ds ikl dqN izfrf"Br yksx x;s Fks ;g izkFkZuk ysdj fd og eksgYys esatk,aA mudh lc yksx bTtr djrs gSa] blfy, muds le>kus dk vlj gksxk] vkSj ejht Hkh og ns[kldsaxsA og nks eqlyeku usrkvksa ds lkFk fudysA nks&rhu eksgYYks ?kwedj eqlyekuksa dh cLrh esa ,dejht dks ns[kus ds fy, LVSFkLdksi fudkydj ejht ij >qds Fks fd ejht ds gh ,d fj'rsnkj us ihBesa Nqjk Hkksad fn;k-----

fgUnw eksgYys esa jsyos ds ,d deZpkjh us cgqr ls fujkfJrksa dks vius ?kj txg nh Fkh] fdos fujkfJr mlds ?kj fVds gSa] gks lds rks muds ?kjksa vkSj eky dh fgQktr dh tk,A iqfyl us vkdj'kj.kkxrksa ds lkFk mls vkSj mlds ?kj dh fL=;ksaa dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k vkSj ys xbZA ihNs ?kj ijgeyk gqvk] ywV gqbZ vkSj vkx yxk nh xbZA rhu fnu ckn mls vkSj mlds ifjokj dks Fkkus ls NksM+kx;k vkSj fgQktr ds fy, gfFk;kjcan iqfyl ds nks flikgh lkFk fd, x,A Fkkus ls ipkl dne dsQklys ij iqfyl okyksa us vpkud cUnwd mBkdj ml ij vkSj mlds ifjokj ij xksyh pykbZA ogvkSj rhu fL=;k¡ ekjh xbZaA mldh ek¡ vkSj L=h ?kk;y gks dj fxj xbaZ vkSj lM+d ij iM+h jgha------

fo"kkDr okrkoj.k] }s"k vkSj ?k`.kk dh pkcqd ls rM+QM+krs gq, fgalk ds ?kksM+s] fo"k QSykus dkslEiznk;ksa ds vius laxBu vkSj mls HkM+dkus dks iqfyl vkSj ukSdj'kkgh nsfoUnjyky dks vpkud yxrkfd og vkSj jQhdqíhu gh xyr gSa tks fd cSBs gq, gSa] tc fd lc dqN HkM+d jgk gSA mQu jgk gS]>qyl vkSj ty jgk gS----- vkSj og y{; djrk fd Li"V Loj tks og jQhdqíhu dh ckrksa esa ikrk Fkk]/khjs&/khjs dqN Li"V gksrk tkrk gS& ,d yfTtr lh :[kkbZ dk Loj-------

fgUnqLrku&ikfdLrku dh vuqekfur lhek ds ikl ,d xk¡o esa dbZ lkS eqlyekuksa us fl[kksads xk¡o esa 'kj.k ikbZA vUr esa tc vkl&ikl esa dbZ xk¡o ds vkSj ve`rlj ds yksxksa ds ncko us mlxk¡o esa muds fy, fQj vklUu ladV dh fLFkfr iSnk dj nh] rc xk¡o ds yksxksa us vius esgekuksa dksverlj LVs'ku igq¡pkus dk fu'p; fd;k tgk¡ ls os lqjf{kr eqlyeku bykds esa tk ldsa] vkSj nks&<kbZlkS vkneh fdjikusa fudkydj mUgsa ?ksjs esa ysdj LVs'ku igq¡pk vk,&fdlh dks {kfr ugha igq¡ph-----

?kVuk lqudj jQhdqíhu us dgk] ^vkf[kj rks ykpkjh gksrh gS] vdsys bUlku dks >qduk ghiM+rk gSA ;gk¡ rks iwjk xk¡o Fkk fQj Hkh mUgsa gkjuk iM+kA ysfdu vkf[kj rd mUgksaus fuckgk] bldh

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nkn nsuh pkfg,A mUgsa igq¡pk vk,&**nsfoUnjyky us gkeh HkjhA ysfdu lglk igyk okD; muds Lefr iVy ij mHkj vk;k&^^vkf[kj

rks ykpkjh gksrh gS&vdsys bUlku dks >qduk gh iM+rk gSA** mUgksaus ,d rh[kh utj jQhdqíhu dh vksjns[kk] ij os dqN cksys ughaA

vijkà esa N% lkr vkneh jQhdqíhu ls feyus vk;sA jQhdqíhu us mUgsa viuh cSBd esa ystkdj njokts cUn dj fy,A Ms<+&nks ?kaVs rd ckrsa gqbZA lkjh ckr izk;% /khjs&/khjs gqbZ] chp&chp esadksbZ Loj Åapk mB tkrk] vkSj ,d&vk/k 'kCn nsfoUnjyky ds dku esa iM+ tkrk&^csodwQh*] xíkjh*]^bLyke*---- okD;ksa dks iwjk djus dh dksf'k'k mUgksaus vk;kliwoZd ugha dhA nks ?kaVs ckn tc mudks fonkdjds jQhdqíhu cSBd ls fudydj vk,] rc Hkh muls yiddj iwNus dh LokHkkfod izsj.kk dks mUgksausnck;kA ij tc jQhdqíhu fcuk ,d 'kCn dgs Hkhrj tkus yxs rc muls u jgk x;k vkSj mUgksaus vkxzgds Loj esa iwNk&^^D;k ckr gS jQhd lkgc] [kSj rks gS\**

jQhdqíhu us eq¡g mBkdj ,d ckj mudh vksj ns[kk] cksys ughaA fQj vk¡[ksa >qdk yhaAvc nsfoUnjyky us dgk] ^eSa le>rk gw¡] esjh otg ls vkidks tyhy gksuk iM+ jgk gS vkSj

[krjk mBkuk iM+ jgk gS lks vyx\ ysfdu vki eq>s tkus nhft,A esjs fy, vki tksf[ke esa u iM+saAvkius tks dqN fd;k gS mlds fy, eSa cgqr 'kqØxqtkj gw¡ vkidk ,glku----**

jQhdqíhu us nksuksa gkFk nsfoUnjyky ds dU/kksa ij j[k fn;sA dgk] ^nsfoUnjyky thA** mudhlk¡l rst pyus yxhA fQj og lglk Hkhrj pys x,A

ysfdu [kkus ds oDr nsfoUnjyky us fQj loky mBk;kA cksys] ^^vki [kq'kh ls u tkus nsaxsrks eSa pqipki f[kld tkÅ¡xkA vki lp&lp crkb,] vkils mUgksaus dgk D;k\**

^^/kefd;k¡ nsrs jgs vkSj D;k\**^^fQj Hkh D;k /kedh vkf[kj----**^^/kedh dh Hkh ^D;k* gksrh gS D;k\ mUgsa f'kdkj pkfg,&gYyk djds u feysxk rks vkx

yxkdj ysaxsA**^^,slk! rHkh rks eSa dgrk gw¡ eSa pykA eSa bl oDr vdsyk vkneh gw¡] dgha fudy gh tkÅ¡xkA

vki ?kjckj okys vkneh&;s yksx rks lc rckg dj Mkyus ij rqys gSaA**^^xq.Ms fcydqy!**^^vkt gh pyk tkÅ¡xkA**^^;g dSls gks ldrk gS\ vkf[kj vkidks pys tkus ls geha us jksdk Fkk] gekjh Hkh rks dqN

ftEesnkjh gS&**^^vkius Hkyk pkgdj gh jksdk Fkk&mlls vkxs dksbZ ftEesnkjh ugha gS&**^^vki tk,¡xs dgk¡&**^^ns[kk tk,xk&**^^ugha] ;g ukeqefdu ckr gSA**fdUrq cgl ds ckn r; gqvk ;gh fd nsfoUnjyky ogk¡ ls Vy tk,¡xsA jQhdqíhu vkSj dgha

iM+ksl esa muds ,d eqlyeku nksLr ds ;gk¡ fNidj jgus dk izcU/k dj nsaxs&ogk¡ rdyhQ rks gksxh]ij [krjk ugha gksxk] D;ksafd nsfoUnjyky ?kj esa ugha jgsaxsA ogk¡ ij jgdj tku dh fgQktr rks gksxh]rc rd dqN vkSj mik; lkspk tk,xk fudyus dk-----

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nsfoUnjyky 'ks[k vrkmYykg ds vgkrs ds vUnj fiNyh rjQ isM+ksa ds >qjeqV dh vkM+ esa cuhgqbZ ,d xSjkt esa igq¡p x,A Bhd xSjkt esa rks ugha] xSjkt dh cxy esa ,d dksBjh Fkh] ftlds lkeusnhokjksa esa f?kjk gqvk ,d NksVk lk vk¡xu FkkA igys 'kk;n ;g Mªkboj ds jgus ds dke vkrh gksA dksBjhesa lkeus vkSj xSjkt dh rjQ ds fdokM+ksa dks NksM+dj f[kM+dh oxSjg ugha FkhA ,d rjQ ,d [kkVFkh] vkys esa ,d yksVkA Q'kZ dPpk] exj yhik gqvkA xSjkt ds ckgj yksgs dh pknj dk etcwr QkVdFkk] ftlesa rkyk iM+k FkkA QkVd ds vUnj gh dPps Q'kZ esa ,d x<+k lk [kqnk gqvk FkkA ftlds ,dvksj pwuk feyh feV~Vh dk <sj vkSj feV~Vh dk yksVk ns[kdj x<+s dk mi;ksx le>rs nsj u yxhA

nsfoUnjyky dk Vªad vkSj fcLrj tc dksBjh ds dksus esa j[k fn;k x;k vkSj ckgj vk¡xu dkQkVd cUn djds mlesa Hkh rkyk yxk fn;k x;k rc FkksM+h nsj os grcqf) [kM+s jgsA ;g gS vktknh!igys fons'kh ljdkj yksxksa dks dSn djrh Fkh fd os vktknh ds fy, yM+uk pkgrs Fks] vc vius ghHkkbZ viuksa dks rugkbZ dSn ns jgs gSaA D;ksafd os vktknh ds fy, gh yM+kbZ jksduk pkgrs gSaA fQj ekuoizk.kh dk LokHkkfod okLrqokn tkxk] vkSj mUgksaus xSjkt] dksBjh] vk¡xu dk fujh{k.k bl nf"V ls vkjEHkfd;k fd D;k&D;k lqfo/kk,¡ og vius fy, dj ldrs gSa\

xSjkt Bhd gS] FkksM+h nqxZU/k gksxh] T;knk ugha] chp dk fdokM+ cUn j[kus ls dksBjh esa ughavk,xhA ugkus dk dksbZ loky gh ugha]&ikuh 'kk;n eq¡g&gkFk /kksus dks dkQh gks tk;k djsxk-----

dksBjh&Bhd gSA jks'kuh ugha gS] i<+us&fy[kus dk loky ugha mBrkA ij dke pykÅ jks'kuhizfrfcfEcr gksdj vk tkrh gSA D;ksafd vk¡xu dh ,d vksj lkeus ds edku dh dksus okyh cÙkh lsjks'kuh iM+rh gSA cfYd vk¡xu esa bl txg [kM+s gksdj 'kk;n dqN i<+k Hkh tk ldsA ysfdu i<+us dksgS gh ugha] ;g rks /;ku gh u jgk FkkA

nsfoUnjyky fQj fBBd x,A ljdkjh dSn esa rks xk&fpYyk Hkh ldrs gSa] ;gk¡ rks pqi jgukgksxkA

mUgsa ;kn vk;k] mUgksaus i<+k gS] tsy esa yksx fpfM+;k] dcwrj] fxygjh] fcYyh vkfn ls nksLrhdjds vdsykiu nwj djrs gSa----- og Hkh u gks rks dksBjh esa edM+h phaVh vkfn dk v/;;u djds-----mUgksaus,d ckj pkjksa vksj utj nkSM+kbZA ePNjksa ls Hkh cU/kq Hkko gks ldrk gS] og mudk eu fdlh rjg ughaLohdkj dj ik;kA

os vk¡xu esa [kM+s gksdj vkdk'k ns[kus yxsA vktkn ns'k dk vkdk'k vkSj uhps ls vH;FkZukesa&tyrs gq, ?kjksa dk /kqvk¡! /kwisu ?kki;ke%A yky pUnu&jDr pUnu----

vpkud mUgksaus vk¡xu dh nhokj ij ,d Nk;k ns[kh&,d fcykjA mUgksaus cqyk;k ^^vkvks]vkvks* ij og ogha cSBk fLFkj n`f"V ls rkdrk jgkA

tgk¡ fcykj vkrk gS] ogk¡ vdsykiu ugha gSA nsfoUnjyky us dksBjh esa tkdj fcLrj fcNk;kvkSj FkksM+h nsj esa fu}ZU} Hkko ls lks x,A

fnu fNis ds oDr dsoy ,d ckj [kkuk vkrk FkkA ;ksa og nks oDr ds fy, dkQh gksrk FkkAmlh le; dksBjh vkSj xSjkt ds yksVs Hkj fn, tkrs FksA ykrk Fkk ,d toku yM+dk] tks Li"V gh ukSdjugha Fkk] nsfoUnjyky us vuqHko fd;k fd 'ks[k lkgc dk yM+dk gksxkA og cksyrk fcydqy ugha FkkAnsfoUnjyky us igys fnu iwNk Fkk fd 'kgj dk D;k gky gS\ rks mlus ,d vtuch n`f"V ls mUgsa ns[kfy;k FkkA fQj iwNk fd vHkh veu gqvk ;k ugha\ rks mlus udkjkRed flj fgyk fn;k Fkk vkSj lc[kSfj;r \ rks fQj flj fgyk;k Fkk&gk¡A

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nsfoUnjyky pkgrs rks [kkuk nwljs oDr ds fy, j[k ldrs Fks] ij ,d ckj vkrk gS rks og,d ckj gh [kk ysuk pkfg, ;g lkspdj os MVdj [kk ysrs Fks vkSj ckdh fcykj dks ns nsrs FksA fcykj[kwc fgy x;k Fkk] vkdj xksn esa cSB tkrk vkSj [kkrk jgrk] fQj gM~Mh&oM~Mh ysdj vk¡xu ds dksusesa cSBdj pckrk jgrk ;k Åc tkrk rks nsfoUnjyky ds ikl ?kqj?kqjkus yxrkA

bl rjg 'kke dV tkrh FkhA jkr ?kuh gks vkrh Fkh] rc os lks tkrs FksA lqcg mBdj vk¡xuesa dqN ojft'k dj ysrs Fks fd 'kjhj Bhd jgs] ckdh fnu dksBjh esa cSBs dHkh dadM+ksa ls [ksyrs] dHkhvk¡xu dh nhokj ij cSBus okyh xkSjs;k ns[krs] dHkh nwj ls dcwrj dk xqVjxw¡ lqurs&dHkh lkeus ds dksusls 'ks[kth ds ?kj ds yksxksa dh ckrphr Hkh lqu iM+rhA vyx&vyx vkoktsa os igpkuus yxs Fks] vkSjrhu&pkj fnu esa gh os ?kj ds Hkhrj ds thou vkSj O;fDr;ksa ls ifjfpr gks x, FksA ,d Hkkjh lh tukuhvkokt Fkh&'ks[k lkgc dh chch dh] ,d vkSj rh[kh tukuh vkokt Fkh ftlds Loj esa o; dk[kqjnjkiu Fkk&?kj dh dksbZ vkSj cqtqxZ L=h] ,d fouhr ;qok Loj Fkk tks izk;% igyh vkokt dh tScw!uh tScw! iqdkj ds mÙkj esa cksyrk Fkk vkSj blfy, 'ks[k lkgc dh yM+dh tscqfUulk dk Loj FkkA nksenkZuh vkoktsa Hkh lqu iM+rh Fkha&,d rks vkfcn fe;k¡ dh] tks 'ks[k lkgc dk yM+dk gqvk vkSj tks[kkuk ysdj vkrk gSA vkSj ,d cM+h Hkkjh vkSj pjch ls fpduh vkokt tks 'ks[k lkgc dh vkoktgSA bl vkokt dks nsfoUnjyky lqu rks ldrs] ysfdu bldh ckr ds 'kCnkdkj dHkh igpku esa uvkrs&nwj ls rh[kh vkoktksa ds cksy gh Li"V le> vkrs gSaA

tScw dh vkokt ls nsfoUnjyky dk yxko FkkA ?kj dh ;qorh yM+dh dh vkokt Fkh] blLokHkkfod vkd"kZ.k ls ugha] og fouhr Fkh] blfy, eu&gh&eu os tScqfUulk ds ckjs esa vius Ågkiksgdh jksekuh f[kyokM+ dgdj vius dks FkksM+k f>M+d Hkh ysrs Fks( ij vDlj os ;g Hkh lksprs Fks fd D;k;g vkokt Hkh yksxksa esa fQjdkijLrh dk tgj Hkjrh gksxh \ ldrh gksxh \ 'ks[k lkgc iqfyl dsfdlh n¶rj esa 'kk;n gSMDydZ gSaA nsfoUnjyky dks ;gk¡ ykrs le; jQhdqíhu us ;gh dgk Fkk fdiqfyfl;ksa dk ?kj rks lqjf{kr gksrk gS] ;g ckr Bhd gS ysfdu lqjf{kr gksrk gS blfy, 'kk;n cgqrls minzo dh tM+ Hkh gksrk gSA ,sls ?kj esa Hkh lHkh yksx tgj QSykus okys gksa rks vpEHkk D;k----

ysfdu [kkrs oDr Hkh og lksprs] [kkus esa dkSulh pht fdl gkFk dh cuh gksxh----ijkslk fdlusgksxkA lquh ckrksa ls og tkurs Fks fd idkus esa cM+k fgLlk rks ml rh[kh [kqjnjh vkokt okyh L=hdk jgrk Fkk] ij ijksluk 'kk;n tScqfUulk ds ftEes gh Fkk vkSj ;gh lc lksprs&lksprs nsfoUnjyky[kkuk [kkrs vkSj dqN T;knk gh [kk ysrsA [kkus esa cM+h&cM+h eqlyekuh jksVh ds ctk; NksVs&NksVs fgUnwQqyds ns[kdj nsfoUnjyky ds thou dh ,djlrk esa FkksM+k lk ifjorZu vk;kA ek¡l rks Fkk ysfduvkt jcM+h Hkh Fkh tcfd ihNs ehBs ds uke ij ,d vk/k ckj 'kkg VqdM+k vkSj ,d ckj fQjuh vkbZFkhA vkfcn tc [kkuk j[kdj pyk x;k rc nsfoUnjyky {k.kHkj mls ns[krs jgsA mudh m¡xfy;kaQqydksa ls [ksyus yxha& mUgksuas ,dk/k dks mBkdj fQj j[k fn;k( iy Hkj ds fy, vius ?kj dk n`';mudh vk¡[kksa ds vkxs nkSM+ x;kA mUgksaus fQj nks&,d Qqyds mBk, vkSj fQj j[k fn;sA

gBkr os pkSadsArhu&,d Qqydksa dh rg ds chp esa dkxt dh ,d iqfM+;k lh iM+h FkhAnsfoUnjyky us iqfM+;k [kksyhAiqfM+;k esa dqN ugha FkkAnsfoUnjyky mls fQj xksy djds Qsad nsus okys Fks fd gkFk fBBd x;kA mUgksaus dksBjh ls

25

vk¡xu esa tkdj dksus esa iatksa ij [kM+s gksdj ckgj dh jks'kuh esa iqtkZ ns[kk] ml ij dqN fy[kk FkkAdsoy ,d lrjA

^^[kkuk dqÙks dks f[kykdj [kkb,xkA**nsfoUnjyky us dkxt dh fpfUn;k¡ dhA fpfUn;ksa dks elyk dksBjh ls xSjkt esa tkdj xM~<s

esa Mky fn;k vkSj vk¡xu esa ykSV vk, vkSj Vgyus yxsA efLr"d us dqN ugha dgkA lUu jgkA dsoy,d uke mlds Hkhrj [kks;k lk pDdj dkVrk jgk] tScw---tScw---tScw---

FkksM+h nsj ckn og fQj [kkus ds ikl tkdj [kM+s gks x,A;g mudk [kkuk gS&nsfoUnjyky dkA fe= ds ugha] rks fe= ds fe= ds ;gk¡ ls vk;k& vkSj

muds estcku ds] muds vkJ;nkrk dsAtScw dsAtScw ds firk dsAdqÙkk ;gk¡ dgk¡ gS\nsfoUnjyky fQj Vgyus yxsAvk¡xu dh nhokj ij Nk;k ljdhA fcykj cSBk FkkAnsfoUnjyky us cqyk;kA yiddj dU/ks ij vk x;kA nsfoUnjyky us mls xksn esa fy;k vkSj

ihB lgykus yxsA og ?kqj?kqjkus yxkA nsfoUnjyky dksBjh esa x,A FkksM+h nsj fcykj dks iqpdkjrs jgs]fQj /khjs&/khjs cksys] ^ns[kks csVk] rqe esjs esgeku] eSa 'ks[k lkgc dk] gS u\ og esjs lkFk tks djuk pkgrsgSa] ogh eSa rqEgkjs lkFk djuk pkgrk g¡waA pkgrk ugha g¡w] ij djus tk jgk gw¡A og Hkh pkgrs gSa fd ugha]irk ugha] ;g rks tkuuk gSA blfy, rks eSa rqEgkjs lkFk og djuk pkgrk gw¡ tks esjs lkFk og irk ughapkgrs gSa fd ugha --------- ugha lc ckr xM+cM gks xbZA vPNk jkst esjh twBu rqe [kkrs gks] vkt rqEgkjheSa [kkÅ¡xkA gk¡] ;gh Bhd gSA yks [kkvks&**

fcykj us ekal [kk;kA gM~Mh >iVuk pkgrk Fkk] ij nsfoUnjyky us mls xksn esa fy;s gh jcM+hf[kykbZ&og lc pkV x;kA nsfoUnjyky mls xksn esa fy, lgykrs jgsA

tkuojksa esa rks lgt Kku gksrk gSA [kk|&v[kk| dk] ugha rks os cprs dSls\ lc tkuojksaesa gksrk gS] vkSj fcYyh rks tkuojksa esa 'kk;n lcls lgt Kku ds lgkjs thus okyh gS] rHkh rks dqŸksdh rjg iyrh ugha] fcYyh tks [kk ys og loZFkk [kk| gS& tks fcYyh lM+h eNyh [kk ys ftls bUlkuu [kk, og vkSj ckr gS----

lglk fcykj tksj ls xqLls ls ph[kk vkSj mNydj xksn ls ckgj tk dwnk] ph[krk&xqjkZrklk dwndj nhokj ij p<+k vkSj xSjkt dh Nr ij tk igq¡pkA ogk¡ ls FkksM+h nsj rd muds dkuksa esavius&vkils gh yM+us dh vkokt vkrh jghA fQj /khjs&/khjs xqLls dk Loj nnZ ds Loj esa ifj.kr gqvk]fQj ,d d#.k fjfj;kgV esa] ,d nqcZy ph[k esa] ,d cq>rh gqbZ lh djkg esa] fQj lglk pqi gks tkusokyh yEch lkal esa&

nsfoUnjyky fQj [kkus dks ns[kus yxsA og dqN lkQ&lkQ nh[krk gks lks ugha( ijnsfoUnjyky th dh vk¡[ksa fuLiUn mls ns[krh jghaA

vktknh! HkkbZpkjk! ns'k jk"Vª----!,d us dgk fd ge tksj djds j[ksaxs vkSj j{kk djsaxs] ij ?kj ls fudky fn;k nwljs us vkJ;

fn;k vkSj fo"k fn;kA

26

vkSj lkFk esa psrkouh fd fo"k fn;k tk jgk gSAnsfoUnjyky dk eu Xykfu ls meM+ x;kA bl /kDds dks jktuhfr dh HkqjHkqjh jsr dh nhokj

ds lgkjs ugha] n'kZu ds lgkjs gh >syk tk ldrk FkkAnsfoUnjyky us tkuk fd nqfu;k esa [krjk cqjs dh rkdr ds dkj.k ugha] vPNs dh nqcZyrk ds

dkj.k gSA HkykbZ dh lkglghurk gh cM+h cqjkbZ gSA ?kus ckny ls jkr ugha gksrh] lwjt ds fuLrstgks tkus ls gksrh gSA

mUgksaus [kkuk mBkdj ckgj vk¡xu esa j[k fn;kA nks ?kwaV ikuh fi;k] fQj Vgyus yxsArfud nsj ckn mUgksaus vkdj Vªad [kksykA ,d ckj ljljh n`f"V ls lc phtksa dks ns[kk] fQj

Åij ds [kkus esa ls nks&,d dkxt] nks&,d QksVks] ,d lsfoax cSad dh iklcqd vkSj ,d cM+k lkfyQkQk fudky dj ,d dkys 'skjokuhuqek dksV dh tsc esa j[kdj dksV igu fy;kA vk¡xu esa vkdj,d {k.k Hkj dku yxkdj lqukA

fQj os vk¡xu dh nhokj Qkan x, vkSj ckgj lM+d ij fudy x,A os Lo;a u tku lds fddSlsA

blds ckn dh ?kVuk] ?kVuk ugha gS] ?kVuk,¡ lc v/kwjh gksrh gSa] iwjh rks dgkuh gksrh gSAdgkuh dh laxfr ekuoh; rdZ ;k foosd ;k dyk ;k lkSUn;Z cks/k dh cuh gqbZ laxfr gS blfy, ekuodks nh[k tkrh gS vkSj og iw.kZrk dk vkuUn ik ysrk gSA ?kVuk dh laxfr ekuo ij fdlh 'kfDrdh&dg yhft, dky ;k izd`fr ;k la;ksx ;k nSo ;k Hkxoku dh&cukbZ gqbZ laxfr gSA blfy, ekuodks lglk ugha Hkh nh[krh blfy, blds ckn tks dqN gqvk vkSj tSls gqvk og crkuk t:jh ughaAbruk crkus ls dke py tk;sxk fd Ms<+ eghus ckn vius ?kj dk irk ysus ds fy, nsfoUnjyky viukirk nsdj fnYyh jsfM;ks ls vihy djok jgs Fks] rc ,d fnu mUgsa ykgkSj dh eqgjokyh ,d NksVh lhfpV~Bh feyh FkhA

^^vki cpdj pys x,] blds fy, [kqnk dk yk[k&yk[k 'kqØ gSA eSa ekurh g¡w fd jsfM;ks ijftuds uke vihy dh gS] os lc lykerh ls vkids ikl igq¡p tk,¡A vCck us tks fd;k ;k djuk pkgkmlds fy, eSa ekQh ek¡xrh g¡w vkSj ;g Hkh ;kn fnykrh gw¡ fd mldh dkV eSaus gh dj nh FkhA vglkuugha trkrh&esjk dksbZ vglku vki ij ugha gS&flQZ ;g bYrtk djrh gw¡ fd vkids eqYd esa dksbZvYila[;d et+ywe gks rks ;kn dj yhft;sxkA blfy, ugha og eqlyeku gS] blfy, fd vki bUlkugSa] [kqnk gkfQt!**

nsfoUnjyky dh Le`fr esa 'ks[k vrkmYyk dh pjch ls fpduh Hkkjh vkokt xw¡t xbZ] ^tSc!tSc!* vkSj fQj xSjkt dh Nr ij NViVkdj /khjs&/khjs 'kkar gksus okys fcykj dh og nnZ Hkjh djkg]tks dsoy ,d yEch lk¡l cudj pqi gks xbZ FkhA

mUgksaus fpV~Bh dh NksVh lh xksyh cukdj pqVdh ls mM+k nhA


'kj.knkrk& 'kj.k nsus okyk] vkxzg& fuosnu] O;Fkk &ihM+k]

fQt+k & okrkoj.k] Qt+Z & dÙkZO;] iukg & 'kj.k]

fgQkt+r & lqj{kk] estkfjVh & cgqla[;d] eqYd & ns'k]

27

ekbuksfjVh&vYila[;d] vgkrk&ckM+k] f?kjh gqbZ Hkwfe] gqYyM+&'kksjxqy] gYyk

cyk&vkink] ohjku&lqulku] fo"kkDr&tgj ;qDr] tgjhyk

:[kkbZ&:[kkiu] dik.k&ryokj] nkn nsuk&iz'kalk djuk]

Lefr&;kn] tyhy&nq%[kh] viekfur ukeqefdu&vlaHko]

fu}ZU} Hkko&fuf'pUrrk] o; dk&mez dk] Vgyuk&?kweuk]

ifj.kr&cnyk gqvk] nqcZy&detksj] fuLrst&rst jfgr]

rdZ&rF;] lyker&lqjf{kr] bfYrt+k&fuosnu ¼vkxzg½]

et+ywe&ihfM+r] vklUu&tks fudV gks] fufuZes"k&vyidA

oLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'u

1- nsfoUnjyky vkSj jQhdqíhu ?kj esa cSBdj fdldh vkykspuk fd;k djrs Fks&

¼d½ eqlyekuksa dh ¼[k½ fgUnqvksa dh

¼x½ ns'k ds Hkfo"; dh ¼?k½ ns'k ds orZeku dh

2- ejht dks ns[krs le; MkWDVj dh ihB esa Nqjk HkkSad fn;k Fkk&

¼d½ naxkb;ksa us ¼[k½ eksgYys ds vkneh us

¼x½ ejht ds HkkbZ us ¼?k½ ejht ds fj'rsnkj us

3- xSjkt esa jgus ds nkSjku nsfoUnjyky ckdh cpk [kkuk nsrs Fks&

¼d½ dqÙks dks ¼[k½ fcykj dks

¼x½ xk; dks ¼?k½ fdlh dks ugha


1- ^^ugha lkgc] gekjh ukd dV tk;sxhA** ;s 'kCn fdlls] fdlus vkSj dc dgs Fks \

2- ^^mUgsa f'kdkj pkfg,&gYyk djds u feysxk rks vkx yxkdj ysaxsA** ;gk¡ f'kdkj dkSu gS vkSj

f'kdkjh dkSu \

3- nsfoUnj yky dks feyh gqbZ ykgkSj dh eqgj okyh fpV~Bh fdldh Fkh \


1- jksfV;ksa ds chp j[ks dkxt ds iqtsZ ij D;k fy[kk Fkk\ og fdlus fy[kk vkSj D;ksa \

2- jQhdqíhu viuh vk¡[kksa esa ijkt; fy;s pqipki D;k ns[krs jgs Fks \

3- ^^----------------------------- /khjs&/khjs xqLls dk Loj nnZ ds Loj esa ifj.kr gqvk] fQj ,d d#.k fjfj;kgV

esa] ,d nqcZy ph[k esa ] ,d cq>rh gqbZ lh djkg-------------------** ;g cq>rh djkg fdldh Fkh \

;g fdl le; dk o.kZu gS \

28


1- ^'kj.knkrk* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk vkSj mís'; dks Li"V dhft,A

2- ^^ns'k ds ca¡Vokjs ds le; ykgkSj esa gSokfu;r vkSj balkfu;r nksuksa ds n`'; ,d gh Nr ds uhps

n`f"Vxr gksrs gSA** bl dFku ds laca/k esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A

3- ;fn vki 'ks[k vrkmYykg ds LFkku ij gksrs rks nsfoUnjyky ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj djrs \viuh dYiuk ds vk/kkj ij crkb;sA

*****

ns'kHkDrns'kHkDrns'kHkDrns'kHkDrns'kHkDr

ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*


^mxz* th dk tUe lu~ 1900 bZ- esa pqukj] ftyk ehjtkiqj esa ,d xjhc czkã.k ifjokj esa gqvkAvkidh izkjfEHkd f'k{kk dk'kh esa gqbZ Lora=rk vkUnksyu ds le; vkids mxz fopkjksa ds dkj.k bUgsafo|ky; ls fudky fn;k x;kA cM+s HkkbZ ds lkFk cgqr fnuksa rd v;ks/;k ds egUrksa ds lkFk jkeyhyke.Myh esa lhrk* dk vfHku; djrs jgsA pkpk dh d`ik ls iqu% i<+kbZ 'kq: gqbZ fdUrq 1921 esa jk"Vªh;vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysdj tsy pys x;sA 1921 ls gh v"VkoØ* uke ls dgkfu;k¡ fy[khaA xksj[kiqj lsLons'k if=dk fudkyhA blds igys vad ij gh vaxzst ljdkj us buds uke okjUV fudky fn;k rksdydŸkk tkdj erokyk* i= dk laiknu djus yxsA ogk¡ ls cEcbZ vkdj lkbysUV fQYe* esa ys[kddk dke djus yxs fdUrq ogk¡ ls ^Lons'k&if=dk* ds tqeZ esa cEcbZ ls idM+ dj xksj[kiqj yk, x,vkSj N% eghus dh l[r ltk gqbZA budh cq<+kik* vkSj #i;k* dgkfu;ksa ds dkj.k ljdkj us bUgsa iqu%dSn dj fy;kA oh.kk] Lojkt] foØe] laxzke vkfn i=ksa dk laiknu bUgksaus Øe'k% fd;kA budh thouh^viuh [kcj* ds uke ls izdkf'kr gqbZ gS] tks fgUnh dh vuwBh jpuk gSA buds }kjk fy[ks x;s egkRekbZlk* uked ukVd vkSj pkdysV* miU;kl cgqr pfpZr gq,A mxz th dh 'kSyh esa ikS#"k dh [kud vkSjLi"Vokfnrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS mxz th dk ns'kHkfDr dk laLdkj vR;ar iz[kj FkkA


izLrqr dgkuh esa ys[kd us nsoyksd ds :id ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fy, loZLo yqVk nsus okysuo;qod dh l`f"V dks fo/kkrk dh lokZf/kd fiz; l`f"V crk;k gSA blh ds ek/;e ls ns'k&lsok ds iFkij vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa&nfjnzrk] nq%[k fpUrk vkfn dks ns'k&lsok dk gh vfHkUu vax ekuk x;k gSAns'k&fgr esa lHkh izdkj ds d"Vksa dks lgrs gq, Hkh fujarj lfØ; jguk vkSj vfMx Hkko ls ns'k&lsokdjuk gh ns'k&HkDr dk 'khy&pfj= gS ;g pfj= nso&yksd ds fy, Hkh nqyZHk ,oa Li`g.kh; gSA izLrqrdgkuh ns'k&HkDr dh t; ls xqatfjr vn~Hkqr dgkuh gSA

**** ****

30

%% 1 %%%% 1 %%%% 1 %%%% 1 %%%% 1 %%^Lokfeu~ vkt dksbZ lqUnj l`f"V djks ! fdlh ,sls izk.kh dk fuekZ.k djks ftldh jpuk ij

gesa xkSjo gks ldsA D;ksa\^lpeqp fiz;s] vkt rqEgsa D;k lw>k] tks lkjk /kU/kk NksM+ dj ;gk¡ vkbZ gks] vkSj esjh

l`f"V&ijh{kk ysus dks rS;kj gks\**^^rqEgkjh ijh{kk] vkSj eSa yw¡xh\ gjs] gjsA eq>s O;FkZ gh dk¡Vksa esa D;ksa ?klhV jgs gks ukFk\ ;ksa gh

cSBh&cSBh rqEgkjh vn~Hkqr jpuk e`R;qyksd* dk rek'kk ns[k jgh FkhA tc th Åc x;k] rc rqEgkjs iklpyh vkbZ gw¡A vc lalkj esa ekSfydrk ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rhA ogh iqjkuh xkFkk pkjksa vkSj fn[kkbZ&lqukbZiM+ jgh gSA dksbZ jksrk gS] dksbZ f[kyf[kykrk gS] ,d I;kj djrk gS nwljk vR;kpkj djrk gS] jktk/khjs&/khjs Hkh[k ek¡xus yxrk gS vkSj fHk{kqd 'kklu djus yxrk gSA bu ckrksa esa ekSfydrk dgk¡ \blfy, izkFkZuk djrh gw¡ fd dksbZ euksjatd l`f"V l¡okjksA lalkj ds vf/kdrj izk.kh rqedks 'kki ghnsrs gSa] ,d ckj vk'khokZn Hkh yksA*

^vPNh ckr gS] bl le; fpÙk Hkh izlUu gSA fdlh ls ekuo l`f"V dh vko';d lkexzh ;ghae¡xokvksA vkt eSa rqEgkjs lkeus gh rqEgkjh lgk;rk ls l`f"V d:¡xkA

^^eSa] rqedks lgk;rk nw¡xh! rc jgus nks] gks pqdh lf"V! lf"V djus dh ;ksX;rk ;fn eq>esa gksrh]rks eSa rqedks d"V nsus ds fy, ;gk¡ vkrh \**

^^ukjkt D;ksa] gksrh gks HkkbZ! rqels iqryk rS;kj djus dks dkSu dgrk gS \ rqe ;gk¡ pqipkicSBh jgksA gk¡] dHkh&dHkh esjh vksj] esjh d`fr dh vksj vius e/kqj dVk{k dks Qsj fn;k djukA rqEgkjhbruh&lh lgk;rk ls esjh l`f"V esa tku vk tk,xh] le>h \**

^^le>hA ns[krh gw¡] rqEgkjh vknr Hkh dfy;qxh cw<+ksa&lh gqbZ tk jgh gSA vHkh rd vk¡[kksa esatokuh dk u'kk Nk;k gqvk gSA**

^^vkSj rqEgkjh vknr rks cgqr vPNh gqbZ tk jgh gSA os g¡ls vkSj cksys&pyks] tYnh djks] lcphtsa e¡xokvksA**

%% 2 %%%% 2 %%%% 2 %%%% 2 %%%% 2 %%

f{kfr] ty] vfXu] vkdk'k vkSj iou ds lfEeJ.k ls fo/kkrk us ,d iqryk rS;kj fd;kA bldsckn mUgksaus lcls igys rst dks cqyk dj ml iqrys esa izos'k djus dks dgkA bl ds ckn lkSUn;Z] n;k]d#.kk] izse] fo|k] cqf)&cy] larks"k&lkgl] mRlkg&/kS;Z&xEHkhjrk vkfn leLr xq.kksa ls ml iqrysdks ltk fn;kA vUr esa vk;q vkSj HkkX; dh js[kk,¡ cukus ds fy, T;ksa gh fo/kkrk us ys[kuh mBk;hR;ksa gh czãk.kh us jksdk& ^^lqfu, Hkh] blds HkkX; esa D;k fy[kus tk jgs gSa] vkSj vk;q fdruhnhft;sxk\**

^^D;ksa\ rqedks bu ckrksa ls D;k eryc\ rqEgsa rks rek'kk&Hkj ns[krk gS] og ns[k ysukA HkkSgsaruus yxha uA vPNk yks lqu yksA blds HkkX; esa fy[kh tk jgh gS] Hk;adj nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkSjbldh vk;q gksxh chl o"kksZa dh!**

^^vjs! ;g D;k rek'kk dj jgs gSa\ cy] lkgl] n;k] rst] lkSUn;Z] fo|k] cqf) vkfn xq.kksa dksnsus ds ckn nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkfn dks nsus dh D;k vko';drk gS\ fQj l`f"V dks ns[k dj yksxvkidh iz'kalk djsaxs ;k xkfy;k¡ nsaxs\ fQj dsoy chl o"kksZ dh voLFkk! bUgha dkj.kksa ls e`R;q&yksd

31

ds dfo vkidh f'kdk;r djrs gSaA D;k fQj fdlh ls ûke prqjkuu iS pwdrs pys x;s! fy[kokus dkfopkj gS\**

fo/kkrk us eqLdjkdj dgk&^^vc rks jpuk gks x;hA pqipki rek'kk Hkj ns[kksA bldh vk;qblfy, de j[kh gS ftlls rek'kk tYn fn[kkbZ iM+sA**

czãk.kh us iwNk&^^bls e`R;q&yksd okys fdl uke ls iqdkjsaxs\**iztkifr us xoZ&Hkjs Loj ls mÙkj fn;k & ^ns'kHkäA*

%% 3 %%%% 3 %%%% 3 %%%% 3 %%%% 3 %%

vejkorh ls bUnz us] dSykl ls f'ko us] cSdq.B ls deykifr us lalkj&jaxeap ij ns'kHkDrdk izos'k ml le; ns[kk] tc mldh voLFkk mUuhl o"kZ dh gks xbZA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckrughaA nso&e.Myh dk ,d&,d fnu gekjh vusd 'krkfCn;ksa ls Hkh cM+k gksrk gSA gekjs mUuhl o"kZrks muds dqN feuVksa ls Hkh de FksA

ns'kHkDr ds n'kZuksa ls Hkxoku izlUu gksdj ukpus yxsA mUgksaus viuh izk.ks'ojh ikoZrh dk/;ku ns'kHkDr dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gq, dgk & ^^ns[kks] ;g l`f"V dh vHkwriwoZ jpuk gSA dksbZ Hkhnsork ns'kHkDr ds :i esa ujyksd esa tkdj vius dks /kU; le> ldrk gS] fiz;s bls vk'khokZn nksA**izlUuonuk mek us dgk& ^ns'kHkDr dh t; gks!**

,d fnu ns'kHkDr ds rstiw.kZ eq[keaMy ij vpkud deyk dh n`f"V xbZA ml le; ;g¼ns'kHkDr½ gkFk esa fiLrkSy fy;s fdlh ns'k&nzksgh dk ihNk dj jgk FkkA bfUnjk us ?kcjkdj fo".kq dksmldh vkSj vkdf"kZr djrs gq, dgk & ^;g dkSu gS\ eq[k ij bruk rst ,slh ifo=rk vkSj djus tkjgk gS] jk{klh deZ&gR;k! ;g dSlh yhyk gS\** yhyk/kj fo".kq us dgk ^^pqipki ns[kksA îfj=k.kk;lk/kwuka fouk'kk; p n`"d`rke~] /keZlaLFkkiukFkkZ; laHkokfe ;qxs&;qxs* ;fn og ns'kHkDr&jk{klksa dk dkedjus tk jgk gSA nsoh] bUgsa iz.kke djks! ;g drkZ dh ifo= d`fr gSA**

gkFk dh fiLrkSy ns'k&nzksgh ds eLrd ds lkeus dj] ns'kHkDr us dgk & ew[kZ i'pkrki dj]ns'k&nzksg ls gkFk [khap dj ekr`&lsok dh izfrKk dj! ugha rks ejus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkA*

ns'k&nzksgh ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk vkSj vfHkeku Hkjh eqLdjkgV nkSM+ x;hA mlus 'kklu ds Loj esamÙkj fn;k &

^vKkuh] lko/kku! ge 'kkldksa ds ykM+ys gSaA gekjs ek¡&cki vkSj bZ'oj] loZ'kfDreku lezkV*gSaA ^lezkV* ds lEeq[k ns'k dh cM+kbZA*

^vfUre ckj iqu% dg jgk gw¡] ekrk dh t;* cksy] vU;Fkk b/kj ns[k!* ns'kHkDr] dh fiLrkSyxjtus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;hA

flj ij ladV ns[kdj ns'k&nzksgh us viuh tsc ls lhVh fudky dj tksj ls ctkbZA tkuiM+rk gS ns'k&nzksfg;ksa dk ny ns'kHkDr dh vksj yidkA fQj D;k Fkk] ns'kHkDr dh fiLrkSy xjt mBhA{k.k&Hkj esa ns'k&nzksfg;ksa dk ljnkj] dcwrj dh rjg i`Foh ij ykSVus yxkA fxj¶rkj gksus ls iwoZlQy&iz;Ru] ns'kHkDr vkuUn foHkksj gksdj fpYyk mBk] êkrk dh t; gksA*

dk¡irs gq, bUnzklu us] iq"io`f"V djrs gq, uUnu&dkuu us] rkaMo&u`R; esa yhu :nz us]dy&dy djrh gqbZ lqjlfjrk us ,d Loj ls dgk & ^ns'kHkDr dh t; gksA*

fo/kkrk izse&xn~xn~ gksdj czãk.kh ls cksys& ^ns[krh gks] ns'kHkDr ds pj.k Li'kZ ls vHkkxk

32

dkjkxkj vius dks LoxZ le> jgk gSA yksgs dh dfM+;ksa &gFkdM+h&csfM+;ksa us ekuks ikjl ik fy;k gS]lalkj ds ân; esa izlUurk dk leqnz meM+ jgk gS] olqU/kjk Qwyh ugha lekrh! ;g gS esjh d`fr] ;gesjh d`fr] ;g gS esjh foHkwfr! fiz; xkvks] eaxy eukvks] vkt esjh ys[kuh /kU; gqbZA*

%% 4 %%%% 4 %%%% 4 %%%% 4 %%%% 4 %%

ftl fnu ns'kHkDr dh tokuh dk vfUre i`"B fy[kk tkus okyk Fkk ml fnu LoxZyksd esavkuUn dk vikj ikjkoj meM+ jgk FkkA f=a'k dksfV nsokaxukvksa dh Fkkfy;ksa dks mnkj dYio{k us viusiq"iksa ls Hkj fn;k Fkk] vejkorh us viuk viwoZ o axkj fd;k Fkk] pkjksa vksj eaxy&xku xk, tk jgs FksA

le; ls cgqr igys nsorkx.k foeku ij vk:<+ gks dj vkdk'k esa fopjus vkSj ns'kHkDr dsvkxeu dh izrh{kk djus yxsA

lezkV ds leFkZd Hkh"k.k 'kL=kL=ksa ls lqlfTtr gksdj ,d cM+s eSnku esa [kM+s FksA ns'kHkDrij ^lezkV ds izfr fonzksg* dk vijk/k yxk dj U;k; dk ukVd [ksyk tk pqdk FkkA U;k;k/kh'k dh;g vkKk lqukbZ tk pqdh Fkh fd ;k rks ns'kHkDr vius dekasZ ds fy, i'pkrki izdV dj lezkV dht; ?kks"k.kk djsa ;k rksi ls mls mM+k fn;k tk,A* ns'kHkDr i'pkRkki D;k djrk\ vr% lezkV ds lSfudksaus tathj esa dldj rksi ds lEeq[k [kM+k dj fn;kA

lezkV ds izfrfuf/k us dgk &^vijk/kh! U;k; dh j{kk ds fy, vafre ckj fQj dgrk gw¡ & ^lezkV dh t;* ?kks"k.kk dk

i'pkRkki dj ysA**eqLdjkrs gq, ns'kHkDr cUnh us dgk&^^rqe viuk dke djks] eq>ls i'pkRkki dh vk'kk O;FkZ gSA rqe eq>ls lezkV dh t;* dgykus

ds fy, D;ksa ejs tk jgs gks\ lPpk lezkV dgk¡ gS\ rqEgkjs dgus ls lalkj ds yqVsjksa dks eSa dSls lezkVeku yw¡\ lezkV euq";rk dk nzksgh gks ldrk gS\ lezkV U;k; dk xyk ?kksaV ldrk gS\ lezkV jä dkI;klk gks ldrk gS\ HkkbZ rqe ftls lezkV dgrs gks] mls euq";rk ds mikld jk{kl* dgrs gSaA fQjlezkV dh t; & ?kks"k.kk dSlh \ rqe eq>s rksi ls mM+k nks& blh esa lezkV dk eaxy gS] blh ls ikiksadk ?kM+k QwVsxk vkSj mls eqfDr feysxhA**

nso&e.My ds chp cSBh gqbZ ekrk euq";rk dh xksn esa cSBdj ns'kHkDr us vkSj lkFk gh f=a'kdksfV nsorkvksa us ns[kk] iaprÙo ds ,d iqrys dks vR;kpkj ds mikldksa us rksi ls mM+k fn;kA

ml iqrys ds ,d & ,d d.k dks nsorkvksa us ef.k dh rjg ywV fy;kA cgqr nsj rd nsoyksd^ns'kHkDr dh t;* ls eq[kfjr jgkA

'''''kCnkFk Z&kCnkFk Z&kCnkFk Z&kCnkFk Z&kCnkFk Z&

f{kfr& i`Foh] l`f"V& lalkj] txr] fo/kkrk& bZ'oj]

ifj=k.kk;&iw.kZ j{kk ds fy, nq"d`R;& cqjk dk;Z] f=a'k& rhl]

dksfV&djksM+] iaprÙo& i`Foh] vkdk'k] ok;q] ty] vfXu

nf"V&utj] yhu&jr] vk:<+& p<+k gqvk]

33

fopj.k& ?kweuk] fonzksg& gkfu ig¡pkus ds fopkj ls fd;k x;k dk;Z

nzksgh& nq'eu] mikld& HkDr


1- ^^nsoh bUgsa iz.kke djksA ;g drkZ dh ifo= dfr gSA** yhyk/kj fo".kq us ns'kHkDr ds fdl dÙkZO;

dh vksj bfUnjk dk /;ku vkd`"V fd;k&

¼d½ u`'kalrk ¼[k½ ns'k nzksg

¼x½ yksd&j{kk ¼?k½ 'kkS;Z ¼ ½

2- ^ns'kHkDr ij lezkV ds izfr fonzksg* dk vijk/k yxkdj U;k; dk ukVd [ksyk tk pqdk FkkA*

U;k;k/kh'k us ns'kHkDr dks D;k vkKk lqukbZ&

¼d½ og ns'knzksg ds vijk/k esa i'pkÙkki djsA

¼[k½ og ^lezkV dh t;* cksysA

¼x½ og lezkV dh t; cksydj i'pkÙkki djsA

¼?k½ og e`R;q ;k lezkV & HkfDr nksuksa esa ls ,d ekxZ pqusA ¼ ½

3- iaprRo dk iqryk fdls dgk x;k gS&

¼d½ ioZr ¼[k½ lkxj

¼x½ ekuo ¼?k½ i{kh ¼ ½

4- ns'kHkDr ds Li'kZ ls dkSu lk vHkkxk LFky ifo= gks tkrk gS&

¼d½ egy ¼[k½ dkjkxkj

¼x½ pjkxkg ¼?k½ >ksaiM+k ¼ ½


1- ^D;k fQj fdlh ls uke prqjkuu iS pwdrs pys x;sA fy[kokus dk fopkj gS \* czãk.kh us

fo/kkrk dh fdl ckr ij ;g O;aX;ksfä dh \

2- fo/kkrk izse&xn~xn~ gksdj czãk.kh ls cksys & ^^ns[krh gks] ns'kHkDr ds pj.k&Li'kZ ls vHkkxk

dkjkxkj vius dks LoxZ le> jgk gSA** ;gk¡ dkjkxkj dks mxz th us vHkkxk D;ksa dgk \

3- ftl fnu ns'kHkDr ds thou dk vfUre i`"B fy[kk tkus okyk Fkk & ml fnu LoxZ&yksd esa

vkuUn dk vikj ikjkokj D;ksa meM+ jgk Fkk \

4- rqe viuk dke djks] eq>ls i'pkÙkki djkus dh vk'kk O;FkZ gSA dgrs le; ns'kHkDr ds eu%

fLFkr ladYi dks Li"V dhft,A

5- ^vPNh ckr gS] bl le; fpÙk Hkh izlUu gSA fdlh ls ekuo&l`f"V dh vko';d lkexzh ;gha

e¡xokvksA* fo/kkrk ds vuqlkj os vko';d lkefxz;k¡ dkSu lh gSa \

34


1- ^^le>hA ns[krh gw¡] rqEgkjh vknr Hkh dfy;qxh cw<+ksa&lh gqbZ tk jgh gSA** bl dFku ls cw<ksa

ds fdu y{k.kksa dh vksj /;ku vkd`"V fd;k tk jgk gS \

2- bl dgkuh esa ftl jke&d`".kkfn egkiq#"kksa dks mn~/k`r fd;k x;k gS] muds yksd&fgrdkjh

drZO;ksa ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh dhft,A

3- ^iaprRo ds ,d iqrys dks vR;kpkj ds mikldksa us rksi ls mM+k fn;kA* nsorkvksa ij bl cfynku

dh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ vkSj D;ksa \

4- ^vPNk lqu yks! blds HkkX; esa fy[kh tk jgh gS Hk;adj nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkSj bldh vk;q

gksxh chl o"kksZa dhA* ns'kHkfDr ds bl d"Vlk/; thou&n'kZu ij vius fopkj lkS 'kCnksa esa izdV

dhft,A

*****

rkbZrkbZrkbZrkbZrkbZ

&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkSf'kd**&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkSf'kd**&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkSf'kd**&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkSf'kd**&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkSf'kd**


mnwZ ls fgUnh esa vkus okys ys[kdksa esa fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ *dkSf'kd* vius le; ds mYys[kuh;dgkuhdkj gSaA mudh izFke dgkuh *j{kkcU/ku* lu~ 1913 esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA os izsepUn dh ijEijkds dgkuhdkj gSa rFkk lekt&lq/kkj dks mUgkssaus viuh dgkfu;ksa dk dF; cuk;kA mudh dgkfu;ksadh 'kSyh vR;Ur ljy] ljl vkSj jkspd gSA mudh gkL;&O;aX;iw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ *pk¡n* esa *nqcsth dh fpðh*ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhaA mUgkssaus yxHkx 300 dgkfu;k¡ fy[kha rFkk *j{kkcU/ku*] *dYieafnj*]*fp=dyk* muds izeq[k dgkuh&laxzg gSaA

dkSf'kd th dh dgkfu;ksa esa ?kjsyw thou dh leL;kvksa vkSj muds lek/kku dk lQy iz;klfeyrk gSA mudh Hkk"kk ljy] lkQ vkSj vkstLoh gSA mudh dgkfu;ksa ds ik= gekjs thou dsthrs&tkxrs yksx gSaA os fLFkfr;ksa dk ekfeZd fp=.k djus esa cgqr lQy gq, gSaA


*rkbZ* dkSf'kd th dh ,d izfl) dgkuh gS rFkk bl dgkuh dh fxurh fgUnh dh Js"Bdgkfu;ksa esa gksrh gSA ;g dgkuh ikfjokfjd lEcU/kksa dh folaxfr;ksa dks mtkxj djrh gSA ekufldladh.kZrk ls mRiUu bZ";kZ&}s"k cPpksa ds Lusge; lw=ksa ls fdl izdkj nwj gks tkrk gS] bl rF; dks cM+hdq'kyrk ls bl dgkuh esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA jkethnkl dh iRuh jkes'ojh fu%larku gS] fdUrqjkes'ojh dh fudVrk mlds nsoj ds cPpksa ls c<+rh tkrh gSA rkbZ jkes'ojh ds eu dh bZ";kZ dks ckyd*euksgj* dk fu'Ny I;kj /kks nsrk gS vkSj jkes'ojh dk pfj= ,d mnkÙk efgyk ds :i esa ikBd dsle{k mHkjrk gSA

**** ****

^*rkÅth] gesa ysyxkM+h ¼jsyxkM+h½ yk nksxs\**&dgrk gqvk ,d ik¡p o"khZ; ckyd ckcwjkethnkl dh vksj nkSM+kA

ckcw lkgc us nksuksa ck¡gs QSykdj dgk& ^*gk¡ csVk] yk nsaxsA**muds bruk dgrs gh ckyd muds fudV vk x;kA mUgksaus ckyd dks xksn esa mBk fy;k vkSj

mldk eq[k pwedj cksys& *D;k djsxk jsyxkM+h dk \**

36

ckyd cksyk& *^mNesa cSBdj cM+h nwj tk;saxsA ge Hkh tk;saxs] pqUuh dks Hkh ys tk;saxsA ckcwthdks ugha ys tk;saxsA gesa ysyxkM+h ugha yk nsrsA rkÅth] rqe yk nksxs rks rqEgsa ys tk;saxsA**

ckcw& ^*vkSj fdls ys tk;sxk \**ckyd ne&Hkj lkspdj cksyk& ^*cN] vkSy fdlh dks ugha ys tk;saxsA**Ikkl gh ckcw jkethnkl dh v/kkZafxuh cSBh FkhaA ckcw lkgc us mudh vksj b'kkjk djds dgk&

*vkSj viuh rkbZ dks ugha ys tk;sxk \*ckyd dqN nsj rd viuh rkbZ dh vksj ns[krk jgkA rkbZth ml le; dqN fp<+h gqbZ&lh

cSBh FkhA ckyd dks muds eq[k ds ;g Hkko vPNs ugha yxsA vr,o og cksyk& *^rkbZ dks ugha ystk;saxsA**

rkbZth lqikjh dkVrh gqbZ cksyh&*^vius rkÅ dks gh ys tkA esjs Åij n;k j[kA**rkbZ us ;g ckr cM+h #[kkbZ ds lkFk dghA ckyd rkbZ ds 'kq"d O;ogkj dks rqjUr rkM+ x;kA

ckcw lkgc us iwNk&*^rkbZ dks D;ksa ugha ys tk;sxk\**ckyd& *^rkbZ gesa I;ky ugha dyrhA**ckcw& ^^tks I;kj djs rks ys tk;sxk\**ckyd dks blesa lUnsg FkkA rkbZ dk Hkko ns[kdj mls ;g vk'kk ugha Fkh fd og I;kj djsxhA

blls ckyd ekSu jgkAckcw lkgc us fQj iwNk& *^D;ksa js] cksyrk ugha \ rkbZ I;kj djs rks] jsy ij fcBkdj ys

tk;sxk \**ckyd us rkÅ dks izlUu djus ds fy, dsoy flj fgykdj Lohdkj dj fy;k] ijUrq eq[k ls

dqN ugha dgkAckcw lkgc mls viuh v/kkZafxuh ds ikl ys tkdj muls cksys&^*yks] bls I;kj dj yks] ;g

rqEgsa Hkh ys tk;sxkA** ijUrq cPps dh rkbZ Jherh jkes'ojh dks ifr dh ;g pqgqyckth vPNh u yxhAog rquddj cksyh& *^rqEgha jsy ij cSBdj tkvks] eq>s ugha tkuk gSA**

ckcw lkgc us jkes'ojh dh ckr ij /;ku ugha fn;kA cPps dks mudh xksn esa fcBkus dh ps"Vkdjrs gq, cksys& ^*I;kj ugha djksxh rks jsy esa ugha cSBk;sxk& D;ksa js euksgj\**

euksgj us rkÅ dh ckr dk mÙkj ugha fn;kA m/kj rkbZ us euksgj dks /kdsy fn;kA euksgjuhps fxj iM+kA 'kjhj esa pksV ugha yxh] eu esa yxhA ckyd jks iM+kA

ckcw lkgc us ckyd dks xksn esa mBk fy;k] pwedj&iqpdkjdj pqi fd;k vkSj mls dqN iSlsrFkk jsyxkM+h nsus dk opu nsdj NksM+ fn;kA ckyd euksgj Hkkoiw.kZ nf"V ls viuh rkbZ dh vksj rkdrkgqvk ml LFkku ls pyk x;kA

euksgj ds pys tkus ij ckcw jkethnkl jkes'ojh ls cksys& *rqEgkjk ;g dSlk O;ogkj gS\ cPpsdks <dsy fn;k] tks mlds pksV yx tkrh rks\**

jkes'ojh eq¡g yVdkdj cksyh&*^ yx tkrh rks vPNk gksrkA D;ksa esjh [kksiM+h ij ykns nsrs Fks\vki gh rks mls esjs Åij Mkyrs Fks vkSj vc vki gh ,slh ckrsa djrs gSaA**

ckcw lkgc dq<+dj cksys& *^blh dks [kksiM+h ij yknuk dgrs gSa\**jkes'ojh&^* vkSj ugha fdls dgrs gSa \ rqEgsa rks vius vkxs vkSj fdlh dk nq%[k&lq[k lw>rk

gh ughaA u tkus dc fdldk th dSlk gksrk gS] rqEgsa bu ckrksa dh dqN ijokg gh ughaA viuh pqgqy

37

ls dke gSA**ckcw&*^cPpksa dh I;kjh&I;kjh ckrsa lqudj rks pkgs tSlk th gks] izlUu gks tkrk gSA exj

rqEgkjk ân; u tkus fdl /kkrq dk cuk gqvk gSA(jkes'ojh& *rqEgkjk gks tkrk gksxkA vkSj gksus dks gksrk Hkh gS] exj oSlk cPpk Hkh rks gksA ijk;s

/ku ls Hkh dgha ?kj Hkjrk gSA**ckcw lkgc dqN nsj pqi jgdj cksys&^*;fn viuk lxk Hkrhtk Hkh ijk;k /ku dgk tk ldrk

gS rks fQj eSa ugha le>rk fd viuk /ku fdls dgsaxs\**jkes'ojh dqN mÙksftr gksdj cksyha& *ckrsa cukuk cgqr vkrk gSA rqEgkjk Hkrhtk gS] rqe pkgs

tks le>ks] ij eq>s ;s ckrsa vPNh ugha yxrhaA gekjs Hkkx QwVs gSa ugha rks ;s fnu dkgs dks ns[kus iM+rsArqEgkjk pyu rks nqfu;k ls fujkyk gSA vkneh lUrku ds fy, tkus D;k&D;k djrs gSa& iwtk&ikB djkrsgSa] ozr j[krs gSa] ij rqEgsa bu ckrksa ls D;k dke \ jkr&fnu HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa esa exu jgrs gksA**

ckcw lkgc ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk dk Hkko >yd vk;kA mUgksaus dgk& *iwtk&ikB lc <dkslykgSA tks oLrq HkkX; esa ugha] og iwtk&ikB ls dHkh izkIr ugha gks ldrhA esjk ;g vVy fo'okl gSA**

Jherhth dqN #vk¡ls Loj esa cksyha& *^blh fo'okl us rks lc pkSiV dj j[kk gSA ,sls ghfo'okl ij lc cSB tk;sa rks dke dSls pys \ lc fo'okl ij gh cSBs jgsa] rks vkneh dkgs dks fdlhckr ds fy, ps"Vk djsA**

ckcw lkgc us lkspk fd ew[kZ L=h ds eq¡g yxuk Bhd ughaA vr,o og L=h dh ckr dk dqNmÙkj u nsdj ogk¡ ls Vy x;sA

¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½ckcw jkethnkl /kuh vkneh gSaA diM+s dh vk<+r dk dke djrs gSaA ysu&nsu Hkh gSA buds

,d NksVk HkkbZ gSA mldk uke gS] d`".knklA nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dk ifjokj ,d gh esa gSA ckcw jkethnkldh vk;q 35 o"kZ ds yxHkx gS vkSj NksVs HkkbZ d`".knkl dh 21 o"kZ ds yxHkxA jkethnkl fu%lUrkugaSA d`".knkl ds nks lUrkusa gSA ,d iq=] ogh iq= ftlls ikBd ifjfpr gks pqds gSa& vkSj ,d dU;kgSA dU;k dh vk;q 2 o"kZ ds yxHkx gSA

jkethnkl vius NksVs HkkbZ vkSj mudh lUrku ij cM+k Lusg j[krs gSa& ,slk Lusg fd mudsizHkko ls mUgsa viuh lUrkughurk dHkh [kVdrh gh ughaA NksVs HkkbZ dh lUrku dks os viuh gh lUrkule>rs gSaA nksuksa cPps Hkh jkethnkl ls brus fgys gSa fd mUgsa vius firk ls Hkh vf/kd le>rs gSaA

ijUrq jkethnkl dh iRuh jkes'ojh dks viuh lUrkughurk dk cM+k nq%[k gSA og jkr&fnulUrku gh ds lksp esa ?kqyk djrh gSaA NksVs HkkbZ dh lUrku ij ifr dk izse mudh vk¡[kksa esa dk¡Vs dhrjg [kVdrk gSA

jkr dks Hkkstu bR;kfn ls fuo`Ùk gksdj jkethnkl 'kS;k ij ysVs gq, 'khry vkSj eUn ok;q dkvkuUn ys jgs FksA ikl gh nwljh 'kS;k ij jkes'ojh gFksyh ij flj j[ks] fdlh fpUrk esa Mwch gqbZ FkhAnksuksa cPps vHkh ckcw lkgc ds ikl ls mBdj viuh ek¡ ds ikl x;s FksA

ckcw lkgc us viuh L=h dh vksj djoV ysdj dgk&^*vkt rqeus euksgj dks bl cqjh rjgls <dsyk Fkk fd eq>s vc rd mldk nq%[k gS] dHkh&dHkh rks rqEgkjk O;ogkj fcYdqy gh vekuqf"kdgks mBrk gSA**

jkes'ojh cksyh& *^rqEgha us ,slk cuk j[kk gSA ml fnu ml if.Mr us dgk Fkk fd ge nksuksa

38

ds tUe&i= esa lUrku dk ;ksx gS vkSj mik; djus ij lUrku gks Hkh ldrh gS( mlus mik; Hkh crk;sFks] ij rqeus muesa ls ,d Hkh mik; djds u ns[kkA cl] rqe rks bUgha nksuksa esa exu gksA rqEgkjh blckr ls jkr&fnu esjk dystk lqyxrk jgrk gSA vkneh mik; rks djds ns[krk gSA fQj gksuk u gksukrks Hkxoku ds v/khu gSA**

ckcw lkgc g¡ldj cksys& *rqEgkjh tSlh lh/kh L=h Hkh ----- D;k dgw¡] rqe bu T;ksfrf"k;ksa dhckrksa ij fo'okl djrh gks] tks nqfu;k&Hkj ds >wBs vkSj /kwrZ gSaA ;s >wB cksyus gh dh jksfV;k¡ [kkrs gSaA**

jkes'ojh rquddj cksyh& *rqEgsa rks lkjk lalkj >wBk gh fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ;s iksFkh&iqjk.k Hkhlc >wBs gSaA if.Mr dqN viuh rjQ ls rks cukdj dgrs ugha gSa] 'kkL= esa tks fy[kk gS] ogh os Hkhdgrs gSaA 'kkL= >wBk gS rks os Hkh >wBs gSaA v¡xzsth D;k i<+h] vius vkxs fdlh dks fxurs gh ughaA tksckrsa cki&nknksa ds tekus ls pyh vkbZ gSa mUgsa Hkh >wBk crkrs gSaA**

ckcw lkgc&^*rqe le>rh rks gks ugha] viuh gh vksVs tkrh gksA eSa ;g ugha dgrk fdT;ksfr"k&'kkL= >wBk gSA lEHko gS og lPpk gksA ijUrq T;ksfrf"k;ksa esa vf/kdka'k >wBs gksrs gSaA mUgsaT;ksfr"k dk iw.kZ Kku rks gksrk ugha] nks&,d NksVh&eksVh iqLrdsa i<+dj T;ksfr"kh cu cSBrs gSa vkSj yksxksadks Bxrs&fQjrs gSaA ,slh n'kk esa mu ij dSls fo'okl fd;k tk ldrk gS\**

jkes'ojh& *gw¡] lc >wBs gh gSaA rqEgh ,d lPps gksA vPNk ,d ckr iwNrh gw¡] Hkyk rqEgkjs thesa lUrku dh bPNk D;k dHkh ugha gksrh\**

bl ckj jkes'ojh us ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey LFkku idM+kA og dqN nsj pqi jgsArRi'pkr~ ,d yEch lk¡l ysdj cksys& *Hkyk ,slk dkSu euq"; gksxk] ftlds ân; esa lUrku dk eq[kns[kus dh bPNk u gks\ ijUrq fd;k D;k tk; \ tc ugha gS vkSj u gksus dh vk'kk gS] rc mlds fy,O;FkZ fpUrk djus ls D;k ykHk \ blds flok] tks ckr viuh lUrku ls gksrh gS] ogh HkkbZ dh lUrkuls gks jgh gSA ftruk Lusg viuh ij gksrk mruk gh bu ij Hkh gSA tks vkuUn mudh cky&ØhM+k lsvkrk] ogh budh ØhM+k ls Hkh vk jgk gSA fQj eSa ugha le>rk fd fpUrk D;ksa dh tk; \

jkes'ojh dqN dq<+dj cksyh& *^ rqEgkjh le> dks D;k dgw¡A blh ls rks jkr&fnu tyk djrhgw¡A Hkyk ;g rks crkvks fd gekjs ihNs D;k bUgha ls rqEgkjk uke pysxk \**

ckcw lkgc g¡ldj cksys& *vjs rqe Hkh dgk¡ dh iksp ckrsa ykbZaA uke lUrku ls ugha pyrkAuke viuh lqdfr ls pyrk gSA rqylhnkl dks ns'k dk cPpk&cPpk tkurk gSA lwjnkl dks ejs fdrusfnu gks pqdsA blh izdkj fdrus egkRek gks x;s gSa] mu lcdk uke D;k mudh lUrku gh dh cnkSyrpy jgk gS\ lp iwNks] rks lUrku ls ftruh uke pyus dh vk'kk jgrh gS mruh uke Mwc tkus dhlEHkkouk jgrh gSA ijUrq lqd`fr ,d ,slh oLrq gS] ftlds uke c<+us ds flok ?kVus dh vk'kadk jgrhgh ughaA gekjs 'kgj esa jk; fxj/kkjh yky fdrus ukeh vkneh FksA muds lUrku dgk¡ gS \ ij mudh/keZ'kkyk vkSj vukFkky; ls mudk uke vc rd pyk vk jgk gS] vkSj vHkh u tkus fdrus fnuksa rdpyrk tk;sxkA**

jkes'ojh& ^*'kkL= esa fy[kk gS] ftlds iq= ugha gksrk] mldh eqfDr ugha gksrhA**ckcw& *^eqfDr ij eq>s fo'okl gh ughaA eqfDRk gS fdl fpfM+;k dk uke \ ;fn eqfDr gksuk

eku fy;k tk;] rks ;g dSls ekuk tk ldrk gS fd lc iq=okuksa dh eqfDr gks tkrh gS \ eqfDr dkHkh D;k lgt mik; gS! ;s ftrus iq= okys gSa] lHkh dh rks eqfDr gks tkrh gksxh \**

jkes'ojh fu#Ùkj gksdj cksyh& *^vc rqels dkSu viokn djsA rqe rks vius lkeus fdlh dks

39

ekurs gh ughaA**¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½

euq"; dk ân; cM+k eeRo&izseh gSA dSlh gh mi;ksxh vkSj fdruh gh lqUnj oLrq D;ksa u gks]tc rd euq"; mldks ijkbZ le>rk gS] rc rd mlls izse ugha djrkA fdUrq Hkíh&ls&Hkíh vkSj dkeu vkus okyh oLrq dks Hkh ;fn euq"; viuh le>rk gS] rks mlls izse djrk gSA ijkbZ oLrq fdruh ghewY;oku D;ksa u gks] fdruh gh mi;ksxh D;ksa u gks] fdruh gh lqUnj D;ksa u gks] mlds u"V gksus ijeuq"; dqN Hkh nq %[k dk vuqHko ugha djrk] blfy, fd og oLrq mldh ugha ijkbZ gSA viuh oLrqfdruh gh Hkíh gks] dke esa u vkus okyh gks] mlds u"V gksus ij euq"; dks nq%[k gksrk gS] blfy, fdog viuh pht gSA dHkh&dHkh ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd euq"; ijkbZ pht ls izse djus yxrk gSA ,slhn'kk esa tc rd euq"; ml oLrq dks viuh cukdj ugha NksM+rk vFkok vius ân; esa Hkh tc rd ;gfopkj n`<+ ugha dj ysrk fd og oLrq esjh gS] rc rd mls lUrks"k ugha gksrkA eeRo ls izse mRiUugksrk gS] izse ls eeRoA bu nksuksa dk lkFk pksyh&nkeu dk&lk gSA ;s dHkh iFkd~ ugha fd;s tk ldrsA

;|fi jkes'ojh dks ekrk cuus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr ugha gqvk Fkk rFkkfi mudk ân; ,d ekrkdk ân; cuus dh iwjh ;ksX;rk j[krk FkkA muds ân; esa os xq.k fo|eku rFkk vUrfuZfgr Fks] tks ,dekrk ds ân; esa gksrs gSa] ijUrq mudk fodkl ugha gqvk FkkA mudk ân; ml Hkwfe dh rjg Fkk] ftlesacht rks iM+k Fkk] ij mldks lhapdj vkSj bl izdkj cht dks izLQqfVr djds Hkwfe ds Åij ykus okykdksbZ ughaA blfy, mudk ân; mu cPpksa dh vksj f[kaprk rks Fkk] ijUrq tc mUgsa /;ku vkrk Fkk fd;s esjs cPps ugha] nwljs ds gSa] rc muds ân; esa muds izfr }s"k mRiUu gksrk Fkk] ?k`.kk iSnk gksrh FkhAfo'ks"kdj ml le; muds }s"k dh ek=k vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh Fkh tc os ns[krh Fkha fd muds ifrnso mucPpksas ij izk.k nsrs gSa] tks muds ¼jkes'ojh ds½ ugha gSaA

'kke dk le; FkkA jkes'ojh [kqyh Nr ij cSBh gok [kk jgh FkhA ikl gh mudh nsojkuh HkhcSBh FkhA nksuksa cPps Nr ij nkSM+dj [ksy jgs FksA jkes'ojh muds [ksyksa dks ns[k jgh FkhA bl le;jkes'ojh dks cPpksa dk [ksyuk&dwnuk cM+k Hkyk ekywe gks jgk FkkA gok esa mM+rs gq, muds cky] deydh rjg f[kys gq, muds uUgs&uUgsa eq[k] mudh I;kjh&I;kjh rksryh ckrsa] mudk fpYykuk] Hkkxuk] ykSVtkuk bR;kfn ØhM+k,¡ muds ân; dks 'khry dj jgh FkhaA lglk euksgj viuh cgu dks ekjus nkSM+kAog f[kyf[kykrh gqbZ nkSM+dj jkes'ojh dh xksn esa tk fxjhA mlds ihNs&ihNs euksgj Hkh nkSM+k gqvkvk;k] vkSj og Hkh mUgha dh xksn esa tk fxjkA jkes'ojh ml le; lkjk }s"k Hkwy xbZA mUgksaus nksuksa cPpksadks mlh izdkj ân; ls yxk fy;k] ftl izdkj og euq"; yxkrk gS] tks fd cPpksa ds fy, rjl jgkgksA mUgksaus cM+h lr".krk ls nksuksa dks I;kj fd;kA ml le; ;fn dksbZ vifjfpr mUgsa ns[krk] rks mls;gh fo'okl gksrk fd jkes'ojh mu cPpksa dh ekrk gSA

nksuksa cPps cM+h nsj rd mudh xksn esa [ksyrs jgsA lglk mlh le; fdlh ds vkus dh vkgVikdj cPpksa dh ekrk ogk¡ ls mBdj pyh xbZA

*^euksgj] ys jsyxkM+hA** dgrs gq, ckcw jkethnkl Nr ij vk;s mudk Loj lqurs gh nksuksa cPpsjkes'ojh dh xksn ls rM+idj fudy HkkxsA jkethnkl us igys mu nksuksa dks [kwc I;kj fd;k fQjcSBdj jsyxkM+h fn[kkus yxsA

b/kj jkes'ojh dh uhan VwVhA ifr dks cPpksa esa exu gksrs ns[kdj mudh Hkosa ru xbZaA cPpksads izfr fQj ogh ?k`.kk vkSj }s"k dk Hkko tkx mBkA

40

cPpksa dks jsyxkM+h nsdj ckcw lkgc jkes'ojh ds ikl vk;s] vkSj eqLdjkdj cksys& *vkt rksrqe cPpksa dks cM+k I;kj dj jgh FkhaA blls ekywe gksrk gS fd rqEgkjs ân; esa Hkh buds izfr dqN izsevo'; gSA**

jkes'ojh dks ifr dh ;g ckr cqjh yxhA mUgsa viuh detksjh ij cM+k nq%[k gqvkA dsoy nq%[kgh ugha vius Åij Øks/k Hkh vk;kA og nq%[k vkSj Øks/k ifr ds mDr okD; ls vkSj Hkh c<+ x;kA mudhdetksjh ifr ij izdV gks xbZ] ;g ckr muds fy, vlá gks mBhA

jkethnkl cksys& *^blfy, eSa dgrk gw¡ fd viuh lUrku ds fy, lksp djuk o`Fkk gSA ;fnrqe buls izse djus yxks] rks rqEgsa ;s gh viuh lUrku izrhr gksus yxsaxsA eq>s bl ckr ls izlUurk gSfd rqe buls Lusg djuk lh[k jgh gksA**

;g ckr ckcw lkgc us furkUr 'kq) ân; ls dgh Fkh] ijUrq jkes'ojh dks blesa O;aX; dh rh{.kxU/k ekywe gqbZA mUgksaus dq<+dj eu esa dgk& *bUgsa ekSr Hkh ugha vkrhA ej tk;sa] iki dVsA vkBksa izgjvk¡[kksa ds lkeus jgus ls I;kj djus dks th yypk mBrk gSA buds ekjs dystk vkSj Hkh tyk djrkgSA**

ckcw lkgc us iRuh dks ekSu ns[kdj dgk& ^*vc >saius ls D;k ykHk\ vius izse dks fNikukO;FkZ gSA fNikus dh vko';drk Hkh ughaA**

jkes'ojh tydj cksyha& *eq>s D;k iM+h] tks eSa izse d:¡xh\ rqEgha dks eqckjd gksA fuxksM+s vkigh vk&vkdj ?kqlrs gSaA ,d ?kj esa jgus ls dHkh&dHkh g¡luk&cksyuk Hkh iM+rk gSA vHkh ijlksa tjk;w¡ gh /kdsy fn;k] ml ij rqeus lSdM+ksa ckrsa lqukbZaA ladV esa izk.k gSa] u ;ksa pSu] u oksa pSuA**

ckcw lkgc dks iRuh ds ;s okD; lqudj cM+k Øks/k vk;kA mUgksaus ddZ'k Loj esa dgk& ^*utkus dSls ân; dh L=h gSA vHkh vPNh&[kklh cSBh cPpksa dks I;kj dj jgh FkhA esjs vkrs gh fxjfxVdh rjg jax cnyus yxhA viuh bPNk ls pkgs tks djs] ij dgus ls cfYy;ksa mNyrh gSA u tkus]esjh ckrksas esa dkSu&lk fo"k ?kqyk gSA ;fn esjk dguk gh cqjk ekywe gksrk gS] rks u dgk d:¡xkA bruk;kn j[kks fd vc tks dHkh buds fo"k; esa fuxksM+s&flxksM+s dgk rks vPNk u gksxkA rqels eq>s cPpsdgha vf/kd I;kjs gSaA**

jkes'ojh us bldk dksbZ mRrj u fn;kA vius {kksHk rFkk Øks/k dks og vk¡[kksa }kjk fudkyusyxhaA

tSls&gh&tSls ckcw jkethnkl dk Lusg nksuksa cPpksa ij c<+rk tkrk FkkA oSls&gh&oSls jkes'ojhds }s"k vkSj ?k`.kk dh ek=k Hkh c<+rh tkrh FkhA izk;% cPpksa ds ihNs ifr&iRuh esa dgk&lquh gks tkrhFkh] vkSj jkes'ojh dks ifr ds dVq opu lquus iM+rs FksA tc jkes'ojh us ;g ns[kk fd cPpksa ds dkj.kog ifr dh utjksa esa fxjrh tk jgh gSa] rc muds ân; esa cM+k rwQku mBkA mUgksaus lkspk& ijk;s cPpksads ihNs ;g eq>ls izse de djrs tkrs gSa] eq>s gj le; cqjk&Hkyk dgk djrs gSaA buds fy, cPps ghlc dqN gSa] eSa dqN Hkh ughaA nqfu;k ejrh tkrh gS] ij bu nksuksa dks ekSr ughaA ;s iSnk gksrs gh D;ksau ej x;s\ u gkssrs] u eq>s ;s fnu ns[kus iM+rsA ftl fnu ;s ejsaxs] ml fnu ?kh ds fpjkx tykÅ¡xhAbUgksaus gh esjk ?kj lR;kuk'k dj j[kk gSA

blh izdkj dqN fnu O;rhr gq,A ,d fnu fu;ekuqlkj jkes'ojh Nr ij vdsyh cSBh gqbZ FkhAmuds ân; esa vusd fopkj vk jgs FksA fopkj vkSj dqN ugha] ogh viuh fut dh lUrku dk vHkko]ifr dk HkkbZ dh lUrku ds izfr vuqjkx bR;kfnA dqN nsj ckn muds fopkj Lo;a d"Vnk;d izrhr

41

gksus yxsA rc og viuk /;ku nwljh vksj yxkus ds fy, mBdj Vgyus yxhAog Vgy jgh Fkh fd euksgj nkSM+rk gqvk vk;kA euksgj dks ns[kdj mudh Hk`dqVh p<+ xbZ

vkSj og Nr dh pkjnhokjh ij gkFk j[kdj [kM+h gks xbZaAlU/;k dk le; FkkA vkdk'k esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mM+ jgh FkhaA euksgj dqN nsj rd [kM+k

iraxksa dks ns[krk vkSj lksprk jgk fd dksbZ irax dVdj mldh Nr ij fxjs] rks D;k vkuUn vk;sAnsj rd irax fxjus dh vk'kk djus ds ckn og nkSM+dj jkes'ojh ds ikl vk;k vkSj mldh Vk¡xksa lsfyiVdj cksyk&^*rkbZ] gesa irax e¡xk nksA** jkes'ojh us f>M+ddj dgk&^*py gV] vius rkÅ ls ek¡xtkdjA**

euksgj vizfrHk gksdj fQj vkdk'k dh vksj rkdus yxkA FkksM+h nsj ckn mlls fQj u jgkx;kA bl ckj mlus cM+s ykM+ esa vkdj vR;Ur d#.k Loj esa dgk& ^*rkbZ irax e¡xk nks( ge HkhmMk;saxsA**

bl ckj mldh Hkksyh izkFkZuk ls jkes'ojh dk dystk dqN ilht x;kA og dqN nsj rdmldh vksj fLFkj n`f"V ls ns[krh jghaA fQj mUgksaus ,d yEch lk¡l ysdj eu&gh&eu dgk] *;fn ;gesjk iq= gksrk rks vkt eq>ls c<+dj HkkX;oku L=h lalkj esa nwljh u gksrhA fuxksM+k&ejk fdruk lqUnjgS] vkSj dSlh I;kjh&I;kjh ckrsa djrk gSA ;gh th pkgrk gS fd mBkdj Nkrh ls yxk yw¡A

;g lkspdj og mlds flj ij gkFk Qsjus okyh gh Fkha fd euksgj mUgsa ekSu ns[kdj cksyk&*^rqe gesa irax ugha e¡xok nksxh] rks rkÅth ls dgdj rqEgsa fiVok;saxsA**

;|fi cPps dh bl Hkksyh ckr esa Hkh cM+h e/kqjrk Fkh] rFkkfi jkes'ojh dk eq[k Øks/k ls ykygks x;kA og mls f>M+ddj cksyha&*^tk dg ns vius rkÅ lsA ns[kw¡] og esjk D;k dj ysaxs\**

euksgj Hk;Hkhr gksdj muds ikl ls gV vk;k vkSj lr".k us=ksa ls vkdk'k esa mM+rh gqbZ iraxksadks ns[kus yxkA

b/kj jkes'ojh us lkspk&*^;g lc rkÅ dk nqykj gS fd ckfy'r&Hkj dk yM+dk eq>s /kedrkgSA bZ'oj djs] bl nqykj ij fctyh VwVsA**

mlh le; vkdk'k ls ,d irax dVdj mlh Nr dh vksj vkbZ] vkSj jkes'ojh ds Åij lsgksdj NTts dh vksj xbZA Nr ds pkjksa vksj pkjnhokjh FkhA tgk¡ jkes'ojh [kM+h gqbZ Fkha] dsoy ogk¡,d }kj Fkk] ftlls NTts ij vk&tk ldrs FksA jkes'ojh bl }kj ls lVdj [kM+h FkhaA euksgj us iraxdks NTts ij tkrs ns[kkA irax idM+us ds fy, og nkSM+dj NTts dh vksj pyk x;k vkSj muls¼jkes'ojh ls½ nks QhV dh nwjh ij [kM+k gksdj irax dks ns[kus yxkA jkes'ojh [kM+h ns[krh jghaA iraxNTts ij ls gksrh gqbZ uhps] ?kj ds vk¡xu esa tk fxjhA ,d iSj NTts dh eq¡Msj ij j[kdj euksgj usuhps vk¡xu esa >k¡dk vkSj irax dks vk¡xu esa fxjrs ns[kdj izlUurk ds ekjs Qwyk u lek;kA og uhpstkus ds fy, 'kh?kzrk ls ?kwek( ijUrq ?kwers le; eq¡Msj ls mldk iSj fQly x;kA og uhps dh vksjpykA uhps tkrs&tkrs mlds nksuksa gkFkksa esa eq¡Msj vk xbZA og mls idM+dj yVd x;k vkSj jkes'ojhdh vksj ns[kdj fpYyk;k& *^rkbZ!** jkes'ojh us /kM+drs ân; ls ?kVuk dks ns[kkA muds eu esa vk;kfd vPNk gS] ejus nks] lnk dk iki dV tk;sxkA ;gh lkspdj og ,d {k.k ds fy, #dha] m/kj euksgjds gkFk eq¡Msj ij ls fQlyus yxsA og vR;Ur Hk; vkSj d#.k us=ksa ls jkes'ojh dh vksj ns[kdjfpYyk;k& ^*vjh rkbZ!** euksgj dh vk¡[ksa jkes'ojh dh vk¡[kksa ls feyhaA euksgj dh og d#.k n`f"Vns[kdj jkes'ojh dk dystk e¡qg dks vk x;kA mUgksaus O;kdqy gksdj euksgj dks idM+us ds fy, viuk

42

gkFk c<+k;kA mudk gkFk euksgj ds gkFk rd igq¡pk Hkh ugha Fkk fd euksgj ds gkFk ls eq¡Msj NwV xbZAog uhps tk fxjkA jkes'ojh ph[k ekjdj NTts ij fxj iM+haA

jkes'ojh ,d lIrkg rd cq[kkj esa iM+h jghA dHkh&dHkh og tksjksa ls fpYyk mBrha vkSjdgrha& *^ns[kks&ns[kks] og fxjk tk jgk gS& mls cpkvks& nkSM+ks& esjs euksgj dks cpk yksA** dHkh ogdgrha& *csVk euksgj] eSaus rq>s ugha cpk;kA gk¡&gk¡] eSa pkgrh rks cpk ldrh Fkh& eSaus nsj dj nhA**euksgj dh Vk¡x m[kM+ xbZ FkhA Vk¡x fcBk nh xbZA og Øe'k% fQj viuh gkyr ij vkus yxkA

,d lIrkg ckn jkes'ojh dk Toj de gqvkA vPNh rjg gks vkus ij mUgksaus iwNk& *euksgjdSlk gS\**

jkethnkl us mÙkj fn;k& *vPNk gSA**jkes'ojh& *mls esjs ikl ykvksA**euksgj jkes'ojh ds ikl yk;k x;kA jkes'ojh us mls I;kj ls ân; ls yxk;kA vk¡[kksa ls

vk¡lqvksa dh >M+h yx xbZA fgpfd;ksa ls xyk #¡/k x;kAjkes'ojh dqN fnuksa ds ckn iw.kZ LoLFk gks xbZA vc og euksgj dh cgu pqUuh ls Hkh }s"k vkSj

?k`.kk ugha djrha vkSj euksgj rks vc mudk izk.kk/kkj gks x;kA mlds fcuk mUgsa ,d {k.k Hkh pSu ughaiM+rhA


pqgqy& etkd] vk<+r& Fkksd O;kikj] vekuqf"kd& vekuoh;]vksVs tkuk& dgs tkuk] iksp&detksj] lqd`fr& ln~dk;Z]eeRo&eerk] vUrfuZfgr& fNik gqvk] ps"Vk&bPNk]mÙksftr&Øksf/kr] fo|eku& ekStwn] izLQqfVr& fudyuk]}s"k& nqHkkZouk r`".kk& ykylk] rh{.k& rst]dq<+dj& fp<+dj] o`Fkk& O;FkZ] ddZ'k& dBksj ok.kh]vizfrHk& ewd] mŸkj jfgrA


1- ifr dks cPpksa esa exu gksrs ns[kdj mudh Hkosa ru xbZaA fdldh Hkosa ru xbZa&¼d½ ckcw lkgc ¼[k½ euksgj dh ek¡¼x½ jkes'ojh dh ¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ugha ¼ ½

2- jkes'ojh ds eu esa ,d vHkko ges'kk [kVdrk FkkA og D;k Fkk&¼d½ /ku dk ¼[k½ larku dk¼x½ ?kj dk ¼?k½ ifr dk ¼ ½


1- rkÅth gesa ysyxkM+h ¼jsyxkM+h½ yk nksxsA ;g fdlus vkSj fdlls dgk \2- ,d ckj jkes'ojh us ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey LFkku idM+kA ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey

Hkko D;k Fkk \

43

3- dgkuh esa ckcw lkgc dk iwjk uke D;k gS \


1- rkbZ dgkuh ds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk Li"V dhft,A2- fdl ?kVuk ls jkes'ojh dk ân; ifjorZu gqvk \ Li"V dhft,A3- ckcw lkgc ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk dk Hkko >yd vk;kA ,slk D;ksa gqvk vkSj mUgkssaus D;k tckc

fn;k \4- dHkh&dHkh rks rqEgkjk O;ogkj fcYdqy gh vekuqf"kd gks mBrk gSA ;g iafDr fdlus dgh vkSj

D;ksa dgh \5- rkbZ dgkuh ls vkidks D;k izsj.kk feyrh gS \


1- rkbZ dgkuh dh dFkk oLrq dk lkj fy[kdj mldh fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A2- dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij jkes'ojh dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A3- dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk Li"V dhft,A4- *rkbZ dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij ckcw jkethnkl dh pfj=xr fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft,A

*****

,Ve ce,Ve ce,Ve ce,Ve ce,Ve ce

&ve`ryky ukxj&ve`ryky ukxj&ve`ryky ukxj&ve`ryky ukxj&ve`ryky ukxj


dgkuh o miU;kldkj ve`ryky ukxj dk tUe lu~ 1916 bZ- esa ,d xqtjkrh ukxj ifjokjesa gqvkA vYik;q esa gh bu ij ifjokj dh lkjh ftEesnkfj;k¡ vk iM+ha ftlds dkj.k ;s fu;fer f'k{k.kizkIr ugha dj lds] ijUrq thou ds vuqHkoksa ls bUgksaus [kwc lh[kkA yksd&ukV~;] iqjkrRo] fofHkUucksfy;k¡ vkSj Hkk"kk,¡ budh #fp ds fo'ks"k fo"k; jgs gSaA *mPNa[ky*] *pdYyl*] *luhpj* vkfn dbZgkL; jl ds ekfld&ikf{kd&lkIrkfgd i= if=dkvksa ds ;s lEiknd Hkh jgsA ukSdjh buds ys[kuesa ck/kk yxus yxh rks ukxj th us ukSdjh ls R;kxi= ns fn;k vkSj ys[ku dh vksj izo`Ùk gq;sA

ve`ryky ukxj izxfr'khy fopkjksa ds lkfgR;dkj gSA dgkfu;ksa ds vfrfjDr&miU;kl]ukVd] fQYe flusfj;ksa] isjksM+h vkfn fy[kdj bUgksaus ek¡ Hkkjrh ds HkaMkj dks le`) cuk;kA *egkdky*]*;s dksBs okfy;k¡*] *cwan vkSj leqnz*] *lqgkx ds uwiqj* rFkk *'krjat ds eksgjs* buds izfl) miU;kl gSAbuds uohure miU;kl ve`r vkSj fo"k* ij lkfgR; vdkneh us iqjLdkj nsdj bUgsa lEekfur fd;kgSA *,d fnu gtkj nkLrka*] *,Ve ce*] *ihiy dh ijh*] *okfVdk*] *vo'ks"k*] *uokch elun*] *rqykjke'kkL=h* vkfn buds izfl) dgkuh&laxzg gSA ukxj th caxyk] ejkBh vkSj rfey Hkk"kk ds vPNs KkrkgSaA buls lEcfU/kr dbZ fgUnh vuqokn Hkh ukxj th dh lkfgR;&lsok ds fof'k"V vax gSA


*,Ve ce* dgkuh foKku] ;q) vkSj 'kkfUr dh f=os.kh ij vk/kkfjr ekuork ds ifjizs{; esale>us&ij[kus dh dgkuh gSA vkt fo'o dk izR;sd ekuo foKku dh miyfC/k;ksa dks vk'kadk dhn`f"V ls ns[kus yxk gS D;ksafd foKku ds fur&uohu vkfo"dkj ekuo ds fy, Qwy dh rjg thou dkslkSjHk rktxh vkSj izlUurk nsus okyk de vkSj otz dh Hkk¡fr ihM+kdkjh vkSj fueZe vf/kd gSaA ;q)dk vfuok;Z dkjd cudj og ekuork dks u"V djus ij mrk: gSA thou dh eerk vkSj d:.kk dsL=ksr ladVxzLr gSaA bUgha laosnukvksa dks ukxj th us dksck;k'kh ds vuqHkwfrizo.k ân; }kjk ckj&ckjmHkkjus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA

dgkuh dh i`"BHkwfe f}rh; fo'o ;q) dh og fo/oaldkjh yhyk gS ftlesa fgjksf'kek vkSjukxklkdh ds yk[kksa funksZ"k izkf.k;ksa dk thou gkse gks x;kA

dgkuh dk vUr vkLFkk vkSj thou&'kfDr dks osx nsus okyk gSA ulZ ds ;s 'kCn] *,Ve dh'kfä ls gkj dj D;k ge bUlku vkSj bUlkfu;r dks ejrs ns[krs jgsaxs\ foKku dh /oalkRed izo`fÙk;ksa

45

ij ekuo dh vnE; izk.k&psruk] vlhe fuekZ.k 'kfä] vfMx vkRe&fo'okl vkSj d#.k Hkkouk dsfot;&fpUg gSaA

**** ****

psruk ykSVus yxhA lk¡l esa xa/kd dh rjg rst cncwnkj vkSj ne ?kqVkus okyh gok Hkjh gqbZFkhA dksck;k'kh us eglwl fd;k fd ce ds ml ?kkrd /kM+kds dh xw¡t vHkh Hkh mlds fny esa /k¡ljgh gSA Hk; vHkh Hkh ml ij Nk;k gqvk gSA mldk fny tksj&tksj ls /kM+d jgk gSA mls lk¡l ysusesa rdyhQ gksrh gS] mldh lk¡l cgqr Hkkjh vkSj /kheh py jgh gSA

gkjs gq;s dksck;k'kh dk ttZj eu bu nksuksa vuqHkoksa ls [kh>dj djkg mBkA mldk fny fQjxQyr esa Mwcus yxkA gks'k esa vkus ds ckn] e`R;q ds iats ls NwV dj fudy tkus ij tks thounkf;uhLQwfrZ vkSj 'kkfUr mls feyuh pkfg;s Fkh] mlds foijhr ;g vuqHko gksus ls Åcdj] ru vkSj eu dhlkjh detksjh ds lkFk og fp<+ mBkA thou dksck;k'kh ds 'kjhj esa vius vfLrRo dks fl) djus dsfy, fonzksg djus yxkA mlesa cy dk lapkj gqvkA

dksck;k'kh us vk¡[ksa [kksyhA xgjs dqgkls dh rjg ne ?kqVus okyk tgjhyk /kqvk¡ gj rjQ Nk;kgqvk FkkA mlds Li'kZ ls dksck;k'kh dks vius jkse&jkse esa gtkjksa lqb;k¡ pqHkus dk&lk vuqHko gks jgkFkkA jkse&jkse ls fpuxkfj;k¡ NwV jgh FkhaA mldh vk¡[kksa esa Hkh tyu gksus yxh] ikuh vk x;kAdksck;k'kh us ?kcjkdj vk¡[ksa ehap yhaA

ysfdu vk¡[ksa cUn dj ysus ls rks vkSj Hkh T;knk ne ?kqVrk gSA dksck;k'kh ds izk.k ?kcjk mBsAos dgha Hkh lqjf{kr u FksA ekSr v¡/ksjs dh rjg ml ij Nkus yxhA ;g ghukoLFkk dh ijkdk"Bk FkhAdksck;k'kh dh vkRek jks mBhA gkjdj mlus fQj viuh vk¡[ksa [kksy nhaA gB ds lkFk og mUgsa [kksysgh jgkA tgjhyk /kqvk¡ yky fepZ ds ikmMj dh rjg mldh vk¡[kksa esa Hkj jgk FkkA yk[k rdyhQgks( exj og nqfu;k¡ dks de ls de ns[k rks jgk gSA ce fxjus ds ckn Hkh nqfu;k¡ vHkh usLrukcwn ughagqbZ vk¡[ksa [kqyh jgus ij ;g rlYyh rks mls gks jgh gSA xnZu ?kqekdj mlus fgjksf'kek dh /kjrh dksns[kk] ftl ij og iM+k gqvk FkkA /kjrh ds fy, mlds eu esa eeRo tkx mBkA detksj gkFk vkigh vki vkxs c<+dj vius uxj dh feêh dks Li'kZ djus dk lq[k vuqHko djus yxsA

-------------- eu dgha [kks;kA vius vUnj mls fdlh tcjnLr deh dk ,glkl gqvkA ;g,glkl c<+rk gh x;kA vkUrfjd ân; ls lq[k dk vuqHko djrs gh dYiuk nq%[k dh vksj izsfjr gqbZALe`fr >dksys [kkus yxhA

psru&cqf) ij Nk;s gq;s Hk; ls cpus ds fy, vUrj&psruk dh fdlh ckr ij foLe`fr dkeksVk inkZ iM+ jgk FkkA ekSr ds paxqy ls NwVdj fudy vkus ij] ikfFkZork dh cks>&Lo:i /kjrh dsLi'kZ ls thou dks Li'kZ djus dk lq[k mls izkIr gqvk FkkA ijUrq Hkkouk mRiUu gksrs gh mlds lq[kesa ?kqu yx x;sA Hk; us uhaosa Mxexk nhaA viuh vukLFkk dks nckus ds fy, og ckj&ckj tehu NwrkFkkA vUrj ds vfo'okl dks peRdkj dk :i nsrs gq;s] bl [kqyh txg esa iM+s jgus ds ckotwn viusthfor cp tkus ds ckjs esa mls Hkxoku dh yhyk fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA

d#.kk lksrs dh rjg fny ls QwV fudyhA ijkt; ds vk¡lw bl rjg viuk :i cny djfny esa ?kqesM+s ys jgs FksA tgjhys /kq,¡ ds dkj.k vk¡[kksa esa Hkjs gq;s ikuh ds lkFk&lkFk os vk¡lw Hkh?kqy&feydj xky ls <qydrs gq;s tehu ij Vidus yxsA

46

csgks'k gksus ds dqN feuV igys mlus ftl izy; dks ns[kk Fkk] mldh fodjkyrk vius iwjsotu ds lkFk dksck;k'kh dh Le`fr ij vk?kkr djds mlds VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj jgh FkhA og Bhd&Bhdlksp ugha ik jgk Fkk fd tks n`'; mlus ns[kk] og lR; Fkk D;k\ ------------ /kM+kdk! tM+h cq[kkj dhd¡id¡ih dh rjg tehu dk¡i mBh FkhA ce Fkk& nq'euksa dk gokbZ geykA gtkjksa yksx vius izk.kksadh iwjh 'kfä yxk dj ph[k mBs FksA ---------- dgk¡ gS os yksx\ oks izk.kkUrd ph[ksa] og vkrZukn tks ceds /kM+kds ls Hkh Å¡pk mB jgk FkkA og bl le; dgk¡ gS\ [kqn og bl le; dgk¡ gS\ vkSj ------------

dqN [kks nsus dk vglkl fQj gqvkA dksck;k'kh fopfyr gqvkA mlus djkgrs gq, djoV cnydj mBus dh dksf'k'k dh] ysfdu mlesa fgyus dh Hkh rkc u FkhA mlus fQj viuh xnZu tehu ijMky nhA gok esa dkys&dkys tjsZ Hkjs gq;s FksA /kqvk¡] xehZ] tyu] I;kl& mldk gyd lw[kk tk jgkFkkA cspSuh c<+ jgh FkhA og mBuk pkgrk FkkA mBdj og pkjksa rjQ ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk! D;k \ ;gvLi"V FkkA mlds fnekx esa ,d nqfu;k¡ pDdj dkV jgh FkhA uxj] bekjrsa] tu&lewg ls Hkjh gqbZlM+dsa] vkrh&tkrh lokfj;k¡] eksVjsa] xkfM;k¡] lkbfdysa ----------- vkSj ------------- fnekx bu lHkh esa [kks;kgqvk dqN <w¡< jgk Fkk( vVdk] exj QkSju gh c<+ x;kA thou ds iPphl o"kZ ftl okrkoj.k lsvkReor~ ifjfpr vkSj ?kfu"V jgs Fks] og mlds fnekx dh LØhu ij pyrh&fQjrh rLohjksa dh rjgizdV gks jgk FkkA ysfdu lc dqN vLi"V] feVk&feVk lk! dYiuk esa os fp= cM+h rsth ds lkFk >ydfn[kkdj fc[kj tkrs FksA blls dksck;k'kh dk eu vkSj Hkh mf}Xu gks mBkA

I;kl c<+ jgh FkhA gyd esa dk¡Vs iM+ x;sA vkSj mlesa mBus dh rkc u FkhA ,d cw¡n ikuhds fy;s ftUnxh nsg dks NksM+dj pys tkus dh /kedh ns jgh Fkh] vkSj 'kjhj fQj ugha mB ikrk FkkAdksck;k'kh dks bl oä ekSr gh Hkyh yxhA cM+s nnZ ds lkFk mlus vk¡[ksa cUn dj yhaA

exj ekSr u vk;hAdksck;k'kh lksp jgk FkkA **eSaus ,slk dkSulk vijk/k fd;k Fkk ftldh ;g ltk eq>s fey

jgh gS\ vehjksa vkSj vQljksa dks NksM+dj dkSu ,slk vkneh Fkk tks ;g yM+kbZ pkgrk Fkk\ nqfu;k¡ vxjnq'euh fudkyrh] rks mu yksxksa lsA geus mudk D;k fcxkMk Fkk\ gesa D;ksa ekjk x;k\ --------- I;klyx jgh gSA ikuh u feysxkA ,slh cqjh ekSr eq>s D;ksa fey jgh gS \ bZ'oj! eSusa ,slk D;k vijk/k fd;kFkk\**

d#.kklkxj bZ'oj dksck;k'kh ds fny esa meM+us yxkA vk¡[kksa ls xaxk&tequk cgus yxhAlcls cM+s eqaflQ ds gqtwj esa ykBh vkSj HkSal okys U;k; ds fo#) og jks&jksdj Qfj;kn dj jgk FkkAvk¡lw gydku fd;s ns jgs FksA yEch&yEch fgpfd;k¡ c¡/k jgh Fkha] ftuls ilfy;ksa dks vkSj lkjs 'kjhjdks ckj&ckj >Vds yx jgs FksA bl rjg jksus ls ne ?kksaVus okyk tgjhyk /kqvk¡ tYnh&tYnh isV esatkrk FkkA mldk th fepykus yxkA mlds izk.k vVdus yxsA

izk.kksa ds Hk; ls ,d yEch fgpdh dks jksdrs gq;s tks lk¡l [khaph rks dbZ iy rd og mlsvUnj gh jksds jgk fQj lqcfd;ksa esa og /khjs&/khjs VwVhA jks Hkh ugha ldrkA dksck;k'kh dh vk¡[kksa esafQj ikuh Hkj vk;kA detksj gkFk mBkdj mlus cstku&lh m¡xfy;ksa ls vk¡lw ikSaNsA

vk¡[kksa ds ikuh ls m¡xfy;ksa ds nks iksj xhys gq;s] mruh txg esa rjkoV vk;hA dksck;k'kh dhdk¡Vksa esa iM+h tcku vkSj gyd dks fQj ls rjkoV dh ryc gqbZA I;kl cxwys&lh fQj HkM+d mBhAgBkr~ mlus viuh vk¡lqvksa ls ue m¡xfy;k¡ tcku ls pkV yhaA nks m¡xfy;ksa ds chp esa fc[kjh gqbZ

47

vk¡lqvksa dh ,d cw¡n] mldh tcku dk tk;dk cny x;k vkSj mls iNrkok gksus yxk& bruh nsj jks;k]exj csdkj gh x;kA mldh fQj ls jksus dh rch;r gksus yxh] exj vk¡lw vc u fudyrs FksAdksck;k'kh ds nksuksa gkFkksa esa rkdr vk x;hA ue vk¡[kksa ls ysdj xhys xkyksa ds ihNs duifV;ksa rdvk¡lw dh ,d cw¡n tqVk dj viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy, og m¡xfy;k¡ nkSM+kus yxkA vk¡lw [kq'd gks pysFks] vkSj dksck;k'kh dh I;kl ne rksM+ jgh FkhA

pDdj vkus yxsA xQyr fQj c<+us yxhA cjkcj lqUu iM+rs tkus dh psruk viuh gkj ijcqjh rjg ls fp<+ mBh vkSj mldh fp<+ fonzksg esa cnyrh x;hA xqLlk 'kfDr cudj mlds 'kjhj esanedus yxk& dkcw ls ckgj gksus yxkA ekFks dh ulsa rM+dus yxhA og ,d&ne vius dkcw ls ckgjgks x;kA nksuksa gkFk Vsd dj mlus cM+s tksj ds lkFk mBus dh dksf'k'k dhA og dqN mBk HkhA detksjhdh otg ls ekFks esa fQj ewNkZ vkus yxhA mlus laHkkyk& eu Hkh] ru HkhA nksuksa gkFk etcwrh ls tehuij Vsds jgkA gk¡Qrs gq;s eq¡g ls ,d yEch lka¡l yh] vkSj viuh Hkqtkvksa ds cy ij f?klVdj dqN vkSjmBkA ihB yxh rks ?kwedj ns[kk&ihNs nhokj FkhA mlus ftUnxh dh ,d vkSj fu'kkuh ns[khA dksck;k'khdk gkSalyk c<+kA ekSr dks igyh f'kdLr nsdj iq#"kkFkZ us xoZ dk cks/k fd;kA ijUrq ihM+k vkSj tM+rkdk tksj vHkh Hkh dqN de u FkkA fQj Hkh mls 'kkfUr feyhA nhokj dh rjQ ns[krs gh /;ku cnykAflj mBkdj Å¡ps ns[kk] nhokj VwV x;h FkhA mls vk'p;Ze; izlUurk gqbZA nhokj ls VwVk gqvk eyoknwljh rjQ fxjk FkkA Hkxoku us mldh dSlh j{kk dhA thou ds izfr fQj ls vkLFkk mRiUu gksus yxhAVwVh gqbZ nhokj dh Å¡pkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk mldk /;ku vkSj Å¡pk x;k fd ;g rks vLirky dh nhokjgSA vHkh&vHkh og viuh iRuh dks HkrhZ djkds ckgj fudyk FkkA losjs ls mls nnZ mB jgs Fks] u;hftUnxh vkus dks FkhA iRuh ftls cPpk gksus okyk Fkk----------- MkWDVj] ulZ] ejhtksa ds iyax --------- MkWDVjus mlls dgk Fkk& **ckgj tkdj bUrtkj djksA** og fQj ckgj tkdj vLirky ds uhps gh dadM+ksadh dPph lM+d ij flxjsV ihrs gq, Vgyus yxk FkkA vkt mlus dke ls Nqêh ys j[kh FkhA og cgqr[kq'k Fkk& tc vpkud vkleku ij dkuksa ds insZ QkM+us okyk /kekdk gqvk FkkA va/kk cuk nsus okyhrhoz izdk'k dh fdj.ksa dgha ls QVdj pkjksa rjQ fc[kj xbZaA iyd ekjrs gh dkys /kq¡, dh eksVh pknjcknyksa ls f?kjs gq;s vkleku ij rsth ls fcNrh pyh x;hA dkys /kq,¡ dh cjlkr gksus yxhA pedrsgq;s fo|qRd.k lkjs okrkoj.k esa QSy x;s FksA lkjk 'kjhj >qyl x;k( ne ?kqVus yxk FkkA lSadM+ksa ph[ksa,d lkFk lqukbZ nh FkhaA bl vLirky ls Hkh vk;h gksxhA nhokj mlh rjQ fxjh gS vkSj mu ph[kksaesa mldh iRuh dh ph[k Hkh t:j 'kkfey jgh gksxh------------ dksck;k'kh dk fny rM+i mBkA mls viuhiRuh dks ns[kus dh rhoz mRd.Bk gqbZA

gks'k esa vkus ds ckn igyh ckj dksck;k'kh dks viuh iRuh dk /;ku vk;k FkkA cgqr nsj lsftldh Le`fr [kksbZ gqbZ Fkh] mls ikdj dksck;k'kh dks ,d iy ds fy, jkgr gqbZA blls mldhmRd.Bk dk osx vkSj Hkh rhoz gks x;kA

lky Hkj igys mlus fookg fd;k FkkA ,d o"kZ dk ;g lq[k mlds thou dh vewY;fuf/k cu x;k FkkA nq%[k] ;kruk vkSj la?k"kZ ds fiNys pkSchl o"kksZa ds e#LFky ls thou esa vkt dh;g egk;a=.kk tqM+dj lq[k 'kkfUr ds ,d o"kZ dks ikuh dh ,d cw¡n dh rjg lks[k x;h FkhA

cpiu esa gh mlds ek¡&cki ej x;s FksA ,d NksVk HkkbZ Fkk ftlds Hkj.k&iks"k.k ds fy;sdksck;k'kh dks nl o"kZ dh mez esa gh cqtqxksZa dh rjg enZ cuuk iM+k FkkA fnu vkSj jkr th rksM+djesgur&etnwjh dh] mls 'kgtkns dh rjg iky&iksldj cM+k fd;kA rhu cjl gq;s] og QkSt esa Hkjrh

48

gksdj phu dh yM+kbZ ij pyk x;k vkSj fQj dHkh u ykSVkAvius HkkbZ dks [kksdj dksck;k'kh ftUnxh ls Åc x;k FkkA thou ls yM+us ds fy, mls dgha

ls izsj.kk ugha feyrh FkhA og fujk'k gks pqdk FkkA csok edku&ekyfdu dh yM+dh mlds thou esau;k jl ys vk;hA mudk fookg gqvkA ----------- vkSj vkt mlds ?kj esa ,d u;h ftUnxh vkus okyhFkhA vkt losjs ls gh og cM+s tks'k esa FkkA mlds lkjs tks'k vkSj mYykl ij ;g xkt fxjhA tgjhys/kq,¡ dh rfi'k us mlds vUrj rd dks Hkwu fn;k FkkA osnuk vlá gks x;h Fkh&vkSj psruk yqIr gksxbZA

viuh iRuh ls feyus ds fy, dksck;k'kh lc [kksdj rM+i jgk FkkA og tSls cp x;k oSlsgh Hkxoku us 'kk;n mls Hkh cpk fy;k gksA ysfdu nhokj rks b/kj fxjh gS! ---- **ugha!**

-------- dksck;k'kh ph[k mBkA gks'k esa vkus ds ckn igyh ckj mldk d.B QwVk FkkA lkjs 'kjhjesa mÙkstuk dh ,d ygj nkSM+ x;hA Loj dh rsth ls mlds lw[ks gq;s fu"izk.k daB esa [kjk'k iSnk gqbZAI;kl fQj gks'k esa vk;hA dksck;k'kh ds fy;s cSBk jguk vlá gks x;kA vUn:uh tks'k dk nkSjkdetksj 'kjhj dks f>a>ksM+dj mBkus yxkA nhokj dk lgkjk nsdj og vius ikxy tks'k ds lkFk rsthls mBkA og nkSM+uk pkgrk FkkA fnekx esa nkSM+us dh rsth fy;s gq,] detksj vkSj Mxexkrs gq;s iSjksals og /khjs&/khjs vLirky ds QkVd dh rjQ c<+kA

QkVd VwVdj fxj pqdk FkkA vUnj ryok&feêh tehu dh lrg ls vk iM+k FkkA dqN ugha&ohjkuA tSls ;gk¡ dHkh dqN cuk gh u FkkA feêh vkSj [k.MgjA nwj&nwj rd ohjku&[kkyhA mldhnqfu;k¡ ugha gSA og nqfu;k¡ tks mlus iPphl cjlksa ls ns[kh le>h vkSj cjrh Fkh] vkt mls dgha Hkhugha fn[kkbZ iM+rhA lius dh rjg og dkQwj gks pqdh gSA

ehyksa rd QSyh gqbZ ohjkuh dks ns[kdj og vius dks Hkwy x;k viuh iRuh dks Hkwy x;kAbl egkfouk'k esa fojkV 'kwU; dks ns[kdj mldk viukiu mlh esa foyhu gks x;kA mldh 'kfDr mlegk'kwU; esa y; gks x;hA thou ds foijhr ;g vukLFkk mls fp<+kus yxhA VwVh nhokj dk lgkjkNksM+dj og csrgk'kk nkSM+ iM+kA og tksj&tksj ls ph[k jgk Fkk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**&ehyksa rd mtM+s gq;s fgjksf'kek uxj ds bl [k.Mgj esa yk[kksa funksZ"k izkf.k;ksa dh vkRek cudj ikxydksck;k'kh ph[k jgk Fkk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**

dSEi vLirky esa gtkjksa t[eh vkSj ikxy yk;s tk jgs FksA MkWDVjksa dks QqlZr ugha] ulksZa dksvkjke ugha] ysfdu bykt dqN Hkh ugha gks jgk FkkA D;k bykt djsa\ pkjksa vksj ph[k&fpYykgV] nnZvkSj ;a=.kk dk gaxkek! **xksjk nq'eu! [kqnk&nq'eu! ckn'kkg&nq'eu!** ikxyiu ds ml 'kksj esa gj rjQvius fy;s nnZ Fkk] vius ifjokj vkSj cPpksa ds fy;s loky Fkk] ftldh ;g ltk mUgsa feyh gS vkSjnq'euksa ds fy, uQjr Fkh] ftUgksaus fcuk fdlh vijk/k ds mudh tku yhA

vLirky ds cjkens esa ,d ejht ngu QkM+dj fpYyk mBk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**vLirky ds bUpktZ MkWDVj lqtqdh bu reke vkoktksa ds chp esa [kks;s gq;s [kM+s FksA og gkj

pqds FksA dy ls mUgsa uhan ugha] vkjke ugha] Hkw[k&I;kl ughaA ;s ikxyksa dk 'kksj] nnZ] ph[k] djkgAmudk fny] fnekx vkSj ftLe Fkd pqdk FkkA vHkh FkksM+h nsj igys mUgsa [kcj feyh FkhA ukxklkdhij Hkh ,Ve ce fxjk;k x;kA os blls fp<+ mBs FksA D;ksa ugha] ckn'kkg vkSj othj gkj eku ysrs \D;k viuh >wBh 'kku ds fy;s os tkiku dks rckg dj nsaxs \

mUgsa nq'euksa ij Hkh xqLlk vk jgk Fkk( bUgsa D;ksa ekjk x;k \ ;s fdlh ds nq'eu ugha FksA bUgsa

49

vius fy;s lkezkT; dh pkg u FkhA vxj budk vijk/k gS rks dsoy ;gh fd ;s vius ckn'kkg dsetcwju cuk;s gq;s xqyke gS] O;fDr dh lŸkk ds f'kdkj gSaA laLdkjksa ds xqyke gSaA ------ nq'eu bUgsa ekjdj [kq'k gSaA tkiku dh funksZ"k vkSj ewd turk us nq'euksa dk D;k fcxkM+k Fkk tks mu ij ,Ve cecjlk;s x;s \ foKku dh ubZ [kkst dh 'kfDr vtekus ds fy;s mUgsa yk[kksa cstcku csxqukgksa dh tkuysus dk D;k vf/kdkj Fkk \ D;k ;g /keZ ;q) gS \& lnkn'kksZa ds fy;s yM+kbZ gks jgh gS \ ,Ve dkfouk'kdkjh iz;ksx fo'o dks LorU= djus dh ;kstuk ugha] mls xqyke cukus dh ftn gSA ,slh ftngS tks bUlku dks rckg djds NksM+sxhA -------- vkSj bUlkfu;r ds nq'eu dgrs gSa* fd ,Ve dk vkfo"dkjekuo&cqf) dh lcls cM+h lQyrk gSA

ulZ vk;hA mlus dgk& *^MkWDVj] lsUVj ls [kcj vk;h gS vkSj u;s ejht Hksts tk jgs gSaA**MkWDVj lqtqdh ds Fkds psgjs ij lud Hkjh lw[kh g¡lh fn[kkbZ nh mUgksaus tokc fn;k& **bu

u;s ejhtksa ds fy, u;h ftUnxh dgk¡ ls ykÅ¡xk] ulZ \ fouk'k&yksyqi LokFkhZ euq";] 'kfä dk iz;ksxHkh u"V djus ds fy, gh dj jgk gS( fQj fuekZ.k dk nwljk tfj;k gh D;k jgk \ QSad nks mu ftUnkyk'kksa dks] fgjksf'kek dh ohjku /kjrh ij&;k rks mUgsa tgj ns nksA vLirky vkSj MkWDVjksa dk nqfu;kesa vc dksbZ dke ugha jgkA**

ulZ ds ikl bu fQtwy ckrksa ds fy, le; ugha FkkA &u;s ejht vk jgs gSa] lSadM+ks vLirkyesa iM+s gSaA og MkWDVj ij >qa>yk mBh&**;g oDr bu ckrksa dk ugha gS MkWDVj! gesa ftUnxh dks cpkukgSA ;g gekjk is'kk gS] Qt+Z gSA ,Ve dh 'kfä ls gkjdj D;k ge bUlku dh bUlkfu;r dks ejrs gq,ns[krs jgsaxs\ pfy;s] vkb;s] ejhtksa dks batsD'ku yxkuk gSA vkxs dk dke djuk gSA

ulZ] MkWDVj lqtqdh dk gkFk idM+dj rsth ls vkxs c<+ x;hA


ijkdk"Vk& pje lhek] lksrs&>jus] vk?kkr&pksV] tjsZ& d.k]vkrZukn& nq%[k Hkjk Loj] gyd&xyk] mf}Xu&O;kdqy] ryc&bPNk]tk;dk&Lokn] xQyr&psr ;k lq/k dk vHkko] mRd.Bk&bPNk]fojkV&fo'kky] y;&foyhu] ewd&xw¡xk] rckg&cckZn]is'kk&jkstxkj] Qt+Z&drZO;A


1- *eq>s D;ksa ekjk \ eq>s D;ksa ekjk \* og tksj&tksj ls ph[k jgk FkkA og dkSu Fkk&¼d½ ulZ ¼[k½ lqtqdh¼x½ dksck;k'kh ¼?k½ dksbZ ugha ¼ ½

3- *,Ve ce* fdl 'kgj ij fxjk;k x;k Fkk&¼d½ fgjksf'kek ¼[k½ ukxklkdh¼x½ d o [k nksuksa ¼?k½ VksD;ks ¼ ½

4- **;g oDr bu ckrksa dk ugha gS--------- gesa ftUnxh dks cpkuk ;g gekjk is'kk gS] Qt+Z gSA** ;gfdlus dgk&¼d½ ulZ us ¼[k½ MkWDVj us

50

¼x½ dksck;k'kh us ¼?k½ ejht us ¼ ½


1- *,Ve ce* dgkuh dk eq[; ik= dkSu gS \2- dksck;k'kh gB ds lkFk viuh vk¡[ksa D;ksa [kksys jgk \3- vLirky ds bapktZ MkWDVj dk D;k uke Fkk\ os D;ksa gkj pqds Fks \4- dksck;k'kh us 'kgtkns dh rjg iky iksl dj fdls cM+k fd;k \5- dksck;k'kh us viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy, D;k fd;k \


1- psruk ykSVus ds ckn dksck;k'kh us vius pkjksa vksj fdl izdkj dk okrkoj.k ns[kk \2- ;q) ds laca/k esa dksck;k'kh ds fopkj fyf[k,A3- lqtqdh us ;q) ds fo#) viuh izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gq, D;k dgk \4- vLirky dh /oLr nhokj ds lkFk dksck;k'kh dh dkSulh Le`fr tqM+h Fkh \5- *,Ve ce* dgkuh dk mís'; D;k gS \


1- *fgjksf'kek fnol* ij vki ,d ;q) fojks/kh lHkk dh v/;{krk djrs gq, fdu fopkjksa dks izdVdjsaxs\

2- dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij dksck;k'kh dk thou o`ÙkkUr fyf[k,A3- dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk Li"V dhft,A

*****

tSlyesj dh jktdqekjhtSlyesj dh jktdqekjhtSlyesj dh jktdqekjhtSlyesj dh jktdqekjhtSlyesj dh jktdqekjh

&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h


;'kLoh lkfgR;dkj gksus ds vfrfjDr vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h ,d yC/kizfr"B oS| Hkh FksAdgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd] x|dkO; mUgkssaus fy[ksA laLdr lkfgR; dk mudk v/;;u cgqr xgu rFkkl?ku FkkA iqjkuh ih<+h ds lkfgR;dkjksa esa fu%lUnsg mudk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ijmudh dksbZ Ms<+&lkS ls Åij jpuk,¡ izdkf'kr :i esa izkIr gSaA

miU;klksa esa ôS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw*] ^lkseukFk*] ô;a j{kke%* o ^xksyh* rFkk dgkuh&laxzgksa esaûokc uudw*] ^yEcxzho* vkfn vkidh izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA

fo"k;&oLrq dh nf"V ls 'kkL=h th us eqxy&dkyhu bfrgkl dk fo'ks"k :i ls v/;;u fd;kFkk vkSj ml ;qx ds thou&oÙk ls dbZ jkspd vkSj ekfeZd izlax pqudj mUgsa viuh eeZKrk dk izlknfn;k FkkA vkidh jpukvksa esa vn~Hkqr izokg] o.kZu dh euksgkjh lthork rFkk Hkk"kk dk vuwBk ykfyR;feyrk gSA


jktLFkku ds lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd thou dk Hkh vkius fudV ls v/;;u fd;k FkkAm/kj jktLFkku ds ,sfrgkfld vk[;kuksa ls rks vkius viuh d`fr;ksa ds fy, izpqj izsj.kk izkIr dh ghFkhA *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh* ,slh gh ,d izsj.kk dh l`f"V gSA

**** ****

jktdqekjh us g¡ldj dgk& *firkth] nqxZ dh fpUrk u dhft;sA tc rd mldk ,d HkhiRFkj&iRFkj ls feyk gS] mldh j{kk eSa d:¡xhA vykmíhu fdruh gh ohjrk ls gekjs nqxZ ij vkØe.kD;ksa u djs] vki fuHkZ; gksdj 'k=q ls yksgk ysaA*

;g tSlyesj ds jkBkSM+ nqxkZf/kifr egkjko jRuflag dh dU;k FkhA bl le; cfy"B vjch?kksM+s ij p<h gqbZ Fkh vkSj enkZuh iks'kkd igus FkhA mldh dej esa nks ryokjsa yVd jgh FkhaA dejcUnesa is'kdCt] ihB ij rjdl vkSj gkFk esa /kuq"k FkkA og piy ?kksM+s dh jkl dks cyiwoZd [khap jghFkh] tks ,d {k.k Hkh fLFkj jguk ugha pkgrk FkkA jRuflag tjgc[rj igus ,d gkFkh ds QkSyknh gkSnsij cSBs vkØe.k ds fy, izLFkku dj jgs FksA lkeus jktiwr lokj uaxh ryokjsa fy;s eSnku esa [kM+s FksA

52

muds ?kksM+s fgufguk jgs Fks vkSj 'kL= >u>uk jgs FksAjRuflag us iq=h ds dU/ks ij gkFk j[kdj dgk& ^csVh] rq>ls eq>s ,slh gh vk'kk gSA eSaus rq>s

iq=h ugha& iq= dh Hkk¡fr ikyk vkSj f'k{kk nh gSA eSa nqxZ dks rq>s lkSi dj fuf'pUr gks jgk gw¡Alko/kku jguk! 'k=q ohj gh ugha] /kwÙkZ vkSj Nfy;k gSA**

ckfydk us oØnf"V ls firk dks ns[kk vkSj g¡ldj dgk& ^ugha] firkth! vki fuf'pUr gksdjizLFkku djsaA**

jRuflag us ,d rhoz nf"V vius fdys ds /kwi ls pedrs gq, d¡xwjksa ij Mkyh vkSj gkFkh c<+k;kAxxuHksnh t;&fuukn ls /kjrh&vkleku dk¡i mBsA ,d fo'kkydk; vtxj dh Hkk¡fr lsuk fdys dsQkVd ls fudydj ioZr dh miR;dk esa foyhu gks x;hA blds ckn ?kksj phRdkj djds nqxZ dkQkVd cUn gks x;kA fVM~Mhny dh Hkk¡fr 'k=q us nqxZ dks ?ksj j[kk FkkA lc izdkj dh jln ckgj lsvkuh cUn FkhA izfrfnu 'k=q xksfy;ksa vkSj rhjksa dh o"kkZ djrk Fkk( ij tSlyesj dk vts; nqxZ xoZ lseLrd mBk;s [kM+k FkkA 'k=q le> x;s Fks fd nqxZ fot; djuk g¡lh&Bðk ugha gSA nqxZ&jf{k.khjktufUnuh jRuorh fuHkZ; vius nqxZ esa lqjf{kr cSBh 'k=qvksa ds nk¡r [kV~Vs dj jgh FkhA mldh v/khurkesa iqjkus fo'oLr jktiwr ohj Fks] tks e`R;q vkSj thou dks [ksy le>rs FksA og viuh lf[k;ksa lesrnqxZ ds fdlh cqtZ ij p<+ tkrh vkSj 'k=q&lsuk dk Bðk mM+krh gqbZ ogk¡ ls lulukrs rhjksa dh o"kkZdjrhA og dgrh& ^*eSa L=h gw¡] ij vcyk ughaA eq> esa enksZa&tSlk lkgl vkSj cy gSA**

mldh ckrsa lqu lgsfy;k¡ Bg Bgkdj g¡l nsrh FkhaA izcy 'k=q&ny }kjk vkØkar nqxZ esa cSBukjktdqekjh ds fy, ,d fouksn FkkA

efyd dkQwj ,d xqyke Fkk tks bl le; 'k=q&lsuk dk vf/kifr FkkA og n`<+rk vkSj 'kkafrls jktdqekjh dh pksVsa lg jgk FkkA mlus lkspk Fkk fd tc fdys esa [kk| inkFkZ de gks tk;saxs] nqxZo'k esa vk tk;sxkA fQj Hkh og le;≤ ij nqxZ ij vkØe.k dj nsrk Fkk] ijUrq nqxZ dh pêkuksavkSj Hkkjh nhokjksa dks dksbZ {kfr ugha igq¡prh FkhA jktdqekjh cgq/kk cqtZ ij ls dgrh& ;s /kwÙkZ xnZ mM+kdj xksfy;ksa dh o"kkZ dj esjs fdys dks xUnk vkSj eSyk dj jgs gSaA blls D;k ykHk \

'k=q&ny us ,d ckj nqxZ ij izcy vkØe.k fd;kA jktdqekjh pqipki cSBh jghA tc 'k=qvk/kh nwjh rd nhokjksa ij p<+ vk;s] rc Hkkjh&Hkkjh iRFkjksa ds <ksads vkSj xeZ rsy dh og ekj iM+h fd'k=q&lsuk fNUu&fHkUu gks x;hA yksxksa ds eq¡g >qyl x;sA fdruksa dh pVuh cu x;hA gtkjksa'k=q&lSfud rkSck&rkSck djds izk.k ysdj HkkxsA tks izkphj rd igq¡ps] mUgsa ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;kx;kA

lw;Z fNi jgk FkkA izkph fn'kk yky&yky gks jgh FkhA jktdqekjh dqN fpfUrr Hkko ls vfrnwj ioZr dh miR;dk esa lw;Z dks Mwcrs gq, ns[k jgh FkhA mls pkj fnu ls firk dk lUns'k ugha feykFkkA og lksp jgh Fkh fd bl le; firk dks D;k lgk;rk nh tk ldrh gS\ og ,d cqtZ ds uhpscSB x;hA /khjs&/khjs vU/kdkj c<+us yxkA mlus ns[kk& ,d dkyh ewfrZ /khjs&/khjs ioZr dh rax jkg lsfdys dh vksj vxzlj gks jgh gSA mlus le>k fd firk dk lUns'kokgd gksxkA og pqipki mRlqdgksdj m/kj gh ns[krh jghA mls vk'p;Z rc gqvk tc mlus ns[kk fd og xqIr}kj dh vksj u tkdjflag}kj dh vksj tk jgk gSA rc vo'; 'k=q gSA jktdqekjh us ,d rh[kk ck.k vius gkFk esa fy;k vkSjfNirh gqbZ ml ewfrZ ds lkFk gh }kj dh ikSj ds Åij vk x;hA og ewfrZ ,d xBjh dks ihB ls mrkjdj izkphj ij p<+us dk mik; lksp jgh FkhA jktdqekjh us /kuq"k ij ck.k p<+k dj yydkj dj dgk&

53

ogha [kM+k jg vkSj viuk vfHkizk; crkAdky:i jktdqekjh dks lEeq[k ns[k] og O;fDr Hk;Hkhr Loj esa cksyk& eq>s fdys esa vkus

nhft;s] cgqr t:jh lUns'k gSA*^og lUns'k ogha ls dgA**^*og vfr'k; xksiuh; gSA**^*dqN fpUrk ugha] dgA**^*eSa fdys esa vkdj dgw¡xkA**mlls iwoZ ;g rhj rsjs dysts ds ikj gks tk;sxkA**^*egkjkt foifÙk esa gSaA eSa mudk pj gw¡A**^*fpÎh gks rks Qsad nsA**^*tckuh dguk gSA**^*tYnh dgA**^*;gk¡ ls ugha dg ldrkA**^*rc ysA** bruk dgdj jktdqekjh us rhj NksM+ fn;kA og mlds dysts dks ikj djrk gqvk

fudy x;kA jktdqekjh us lhVh nhA nks lSfud vk gkftj gq,A dqekjh dh vkKk ik jLlh ds lgkjsmUgksaus uhps tk] e`r O;fDr dks ns[kk& 'k=q FkkA nwljk O;fDr ihB ij xBjh esa c¡/kk FkkA ;g ns[kjktdqekjh tksj ls g¡l iM+hA blds ckn og izR;sd cqtZ ij ?kwe&?kwe dj izcU/k vkSj igjs dk fujh{k.kdjus yxhA if'peh QkVd ij tkdj mlus ns[kk& }kj&j{kd }kj ij u FkkA dqekjh us iqdkj djdgk& ;gk¡ igjsnkj dkSu gS\

,d o) ;ks)k us vkxs c<+dj dqekjh dks eqtjk fd;kA mlus /khjs&/khjs dqekjh ds dku esa dqNvkSj Hkh dgkA og g¡lrh&g¡lrh cksyh&*,slk] ,slk\ vPNk] os rqEgsa ?kw¡l nsaxs] ckck th lkgc\*

*gk¡ csVh!* dgdj cw<+k ;ks)k rfud g¡l fn;kA mlus xk¡B ls lksus dh iksVyh fudky djdgk& *;g ns[kks] bruk lksuk gSA*

*vPNh ckr gSA Bgjks] ge mUgsa ikxy cuk nsaxsA ckck th] rqe vk/kh jkr dks mudh bPNkuqlkj}kj [kksy nsukA*

o`) Hkh g¡lrk vkSj flj fgykrk gqvk pyk x;kAckjg ct x;s FksA pk¡nuh fNVd jgh FkhA dqN vkneh nqxZ dh vksj fNis&fNis vk jgs FksA

mudk ljnkj dkQwj FkkA mlds ihNs lkS pqus gq, ;ks)k FksA ladsr ikrs gh }kjiky us izfrKk iwjh dhAfo'kky egjkcnkj QkVd [kqy x;kA lkS O;fDr pqipki nqxZ esa ?kql x;sA dkQwj us eUn Loj esa dgk&*;gk¡ rd rks Bhd gqvkA vc gesa ml xqIr ekxZ ls nqxZ ds Hkhrj egyksa esa igq¡pk nks] ftldk rqeus oknkfd;k gSA*

jktiwr us dgk& eSa okns dk iDdk gwa¡] exj ckdh lksuk rks nksA* lsukifr us eqgjksa dh FkSyhgkFk esa j[k nhA jktiwr QkVd esa rkyk cUn dj pqipki izkphj dh Nk;k esa pyk vkSj ykseM+h dh Hkk¡frpDdj [kkdj dgha xk;c gks x;kA

lSfud pØO;wg esa Q¡l x;s] u ihNs dk jkLrk feyrk Fkk] u vkxs dkA os okLro esa dSn gksx;s Fks vkSj viuh ew[kZrk ij iNrk jgs FksA efyd dkQwj nk¡r ihl jgk FkkA jktdqekjh dh lgsfy;k¡brus pwgksa dks pwgsnkuh esa Q¡lkdj g¡l jgh FkhaA

54

'k=q&lSU; us nqxZ ij Hkkjh ?ksjk Mky j[kk FkkA [kk|&lkexzh /khjs&/khjs de gks jgh FkhA ?ksjsds chp ls fdlh dk vkuk v'kD; FkkA jktiwr Hkw[ks ej jgs FksA jktdqekjh dk 'kjhj ihyk gks x;kFkk] mlds vax f'kfFky gks x;s Fks( ij us=ksa dk rst oSlk gh FkkA mls dSfn;ksa ds Hkkstu dh cM+h fpUrkFkhA fdys dk izR;sd vkneh mls nsoh dh Hkk¡fr iwtrk FkkA mlus efyd dkQwj ds ikl tkdj dgk&*lsukifr] eq>s rqels dqN ijke'kZ djuk gSA eSa foo'k gks x;h gw¡A nqxZ esa [kk|&lkexzh cgqr de jgx;h gS vkSj eq>s ;g ladksp gks jgk gS fd vkidh vfrfFk&lsok dSls dh tk;A vc dy ls ge yksx,d eqÎh vUu ysaxs] vki yksxksa dks nks eqÎh ml le; rd feysxk tc rd nqxZ esa vUu jgsxkA vkxsbZ'oj ekfyd gSA*

efyd dkQwj dh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkj vk;sA mlus dgk& *jktdqekjh] eq>s ;dhu gS fd vkichl fdyksa dh fgQktr dj ldrh gSaA**

^*gk¡] ;fn esjs ikl gksa rks!**jktdqekjh pyh vk;hAvBkjg lIrkg chr x;sA vykmíhu ds xqIrpj us vkdj 'kkg dks dksfuZl dhA^*D;k jktdqekjh jRuorh fdyk nsus dks rS;kj gS\**^*ugha [kqnkoUn] ogk¡ fdlh rjdhc ls jln igq¡p x;h gSA vc ukS eghus iM+s jgus ij Hkh fdyk

gkFk ugha vk;sxkA fQj 'kkgh QkSt ds fy, vc fdlh rkykc esa ikuh ugha gSA m/kj jRuflag us ekyosrd 'kkgh lsuk dks [knsM+ fn;k gSA**

vykmíhu gr&cqf) gks x;k vkSj egkjko ls lfU/k dk izLrko fd;kAlqUnj izHkkr FkkA jktdqekjh us nqxZ&izkphj ij [kM+s gksdj ns[kk fd 'kkgh lsuk Msjs&MaMs m[kkM+

dj tk jgh gS vkSj egkjko jRuflag vius lw;Zeq[kh >.Ms dks Qgjkrs] fot;h jktiwrksa ds lkFk] nqxZdh vksj vk jgs gSaA

eaxy&dy'k lts FksA ckts ct jgs FksA nqxZ esa izR;sd ohj dks iqjLdkj fey jgk FkkA efyddkQwj egkjko dh cxy esa cSBs FksA egkjko us dgk& ^*[kk¡ lkgc] fdys esa esjh xSjgkftjh esa vkidksvlqfo/kk,¡ gqbZ gksaxh] blds fy, vki ekQ djsaxsA ;q) ds fu;e dMs+ gksrs gSaA fQj fdys ij Hkkjheqlhcr FkhA yM+dh vdsyh FkhA tks cu ldk] fd;kA**

dkQwj us dgk&*^ egkjkt] jktdqekjh rks iwtus yk;d gSA os euq"; ugha] Qfj'rk gSaA eSatUe&Hkj mudh esgjckuh dks ugha Hkwy ldrkA**

egkjko us ,d cgqewY; ljisp mUgsa fn;k vkSj iku dk chM+k nsdj fonk fd;kA nqxZ esa /kkSalkct jgk FkkA


Nfy;k&diVh] oØn`f"V& frjNh utj] izkph& iwoZ]miR;dk& igkM+ dh rygVh] ikSj&fljk] vfHkizk;&mís';]pj&lsod] jln&[kk| lkexzh] Qfj'rk& nsork]/kkSalk& ,d fo'ks"k ok|;a=] <ksads& VqdM+s] vkØkUr& Hk;HkhrA

oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&oLrqfu"B iz'u&1- *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh* dgkuh gS&

55

¼d½ lkekftd ¼[k½ ikfjokfjd¼x½ jktuSfrd ¼?k½ ,sfrgkfld ¼ ½

2- 'k=q lsuk dk lsukifr dkSu Fkk&¼d½ xqyke eksgEen ¼[k½ efyd dkQwj¼x½ xksl eksgEen ¼?k½ efyd eksgEen ¼ ½

3- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh jRuorh fdldh dU;k Fkh&¼d½ t;flag dh ¼[k½ ekuflag dh¼x½ tksjkoj flag dh ¼?k½ egjko jRuflag dh ¼ ½

4- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh ds dgkuhdkj gSa&¼d½ vkpk;Z jkepUnz 'kqDy ¼[k½ izsepUn¼x½ vkpk;Z prqjlsu ¼?k½ vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn ¼ ½


1- fdys dk izR;sd O;fDr jktdqekjh dks fdldh rjg iwtrk FkkA2- jRuflag us jktdqekjh dks lko/kku djrs gq, 'k=q ds lEcU/k esa D;k dgk \3- nwj ioZr dh miR;dk esa Mwcrs lw;Z dks ns[kdj jktdqekjh fpafrr D;ksa gks mBh \4- efyd dkQwj us vk¡lw Hkhxh vk¡[kksa ls jktdqekjh dks D;k dgk \


1- jktdqekjh us g¡lrs gq, jko jRuflag dks D;k vk'oklu fn;k \2- nk¡r [kV~Vs djuk eqgkojs dk vFkZ crkrs gq, okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,A3- 'k=q ny ds nqxZ ij izcy vkØe.k dj jktdqekjh us D;k izR;qÙkj fn;k \4- jkf= ds va/kdkj esa jktdqekjh us cqtZ ls uhps D;k ns[kk \


1- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh dk dFkklkj fyf[k,A2- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh ys[ku ds ihNs dgkuhdkj dk mís'; D;k jgk gS] fyf[k,A3- jktdqekjh us lsukifr efyd dkQwj dks tkdj D;k dgk \4- *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh Hkkjrh; n'kZu dks izfrfcfEcr djus okyh dFkk gSA* ifBr

dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij le>kb,A5- ifBr dgkuh ukjh ds dq'ky izcU/ku rFkk lw> cw> dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA vius fopkj O;Dr

dhft,A

*****

yixrn =ijdqk i`ukrajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/.../cls11/hindi-katha-dhara.pdffgunh dgkuh dh fodkl...

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