yönetişimin kayıp Üçgeni gezi parkı olayları Üzerine teorik bir İnceleme

7/25/2019 Ynetiimin Kayp geni Gezi Park Olaylar zerine Teorik Bir nceleme

1/20

KAYFOR XI: AFRO-AVRASYACORAFYASINDA KAMU YNETMUYGULAMALARI VE SORUNLARI

ON DOKUZ MAYIS NVERSTES,SAMSUN

KASIM, 2!"


2/20

YNET#MN KAYI$ %GEN: GEZ $ARKI OLAYLARIZERNE TEORK &R NCELEME

Kadir zhan DERMENCOLU*, Hazal Ilgn BAHEC**

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81z #n/&/ ili'#inin %!.!lind!6 #a$i%aliz.in #!n% .!#4nn #/llanara# &)r!#li

#!ndi&ini !nil!di7i &a0 a%.a#%adr2 B/ &a0 r%aa a%an H!nri L!9!(0r!, i#%idarn#!n% .!#4nn #/llan' )z!rind! 7/nla'ara# :.!#4nn )r!%i.i; #a0ra.n r%aaa%.'%r2 B/na g1r! .!#4n %$l/.&al lara# )r!%ilir2 +$l/.da#i ha#i. &n9lar .!#4ni'gal !d!r!# g)nd!li# a'a. #n%rl al%na alrlar2 B1l!3! .!#4nn )r!%i.i il! i#%idar,%$l/. )z!rind! d!n!%i.i &a7la.a#%adr2 B/ &)r!"%! (ir!l!r %)#!%i. #a0ra. il!alan.a#%a6 A


3/20

@"g!nin di7!r #1'!&ini i&! #n/% 0! #!n%&!l ran% ili'#i&i l/'%/r.a#%adr2 FG&nra& 9inan&al &!r.a! ara"larnn #!n% alan )z!rind! #!ndi&ini &./%la.a& a daDa0id Har0!-in %a(iril! &!r.a!nin "1#!l.!&i- +)r#i!-nin ())# #!n%l!rind! d!#!ndi&ini #!n%&!l d1n)'). &)r!"l!ril! 1zd!'l!'%ir.i' 0! !i !rl!'i# a'a. alanlar0! (/ alanlarn &a#inl!rini d'laara#, &l/la'%r.ann?./%!nala'%r.ann %).D)na-da 1rn!#l!rini g1r!(il!3!7i.iz l/.&/zl/#lar d7/r./'%/r2

Ba'%a &1l!ndi7i )z!r! !zi Olalarnn &!(!$ 0! &n/"lar "# (/%l/d/r2al'.a 1z!lind! i&! )" aa#l (ir #!n%&!l?&ia&al (a#' d!n!.!&i )r)%)l!3!#%ir2 B/ da(/ #adar g!ni' (ir #n/ i"in 0/rg/lan.a& g!r!#!n #n/ 0! %!ri #&%dr2

A'()*(+ K./+: K!n% .!#4n, &ia&al #a%l., #a$i%aliz., #!n%&!l ha#,(i$li%i#a

TRIANGLE LOSS OF GOVERNANCE: A T0EORETICALSTUDY ON T0E CIRCUMSTANCES OF GEZI $ARK

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+h!r! i& ./3h % &a a(/% %h! $/(li3 &$h!r! and %h! $li%i3al !3lg 9 la%!l3a$i%aliz!d 3/n%r +/r#!2 B/% ha% ./&% (! !&%a(li&h!d 9ir&%l i& %ha% Jli0ing &$a3!J

and Jh/.an (dJ in +/r#! ar! n 3hang!d and %ran&9r.!d radi3all2 I% ./&% al&n% (! 0!r&i.$li9i!d %ha% J$la3!J i& al& %ran&9r.!d in r!la%in&hi$ i%h 3a$i%aliza%inand /r(aniza%in2

ha% i& a% %h! h!ar% 9 %hi& r!la%in&hi$ i&, 3a$i%ali&. %a#!& %h! ad0an%ag! 9/&ing %ha% J&$a3!J 9r i%& n &a#! in rd!r % ada$% i%&!l9 % %h! n!2 L!9!(0r!, h$r$/nd!d %ha% 3lai., i& n &/gg!&%ing a n! %!r. ( 3n3!n%ra%ing .ainl ng0!rn.!n%J& 3i% $li3i!& J$rd/3%in 9 &$a3!J2 A33rding % %hi& n! %!r., &$a3! i&$rd/3!d 3../nall2 +h! d.inan% 3la&&!& in %h! &3i!% 33/$ %h! J&$a3!J andh!n3! r!&%rain %h! li9!2 +h/&, ( r!$rd/3ing %h! &$a3!, %h! g0!rn.!n% 3an ha0! %h!3n%rl 0!r %h! &3i!%2 i%hin %ha% $!rid, &3i!%J& a%%!n%in i& al& di&%ra3%!d (3n&/.$%in n%in &h$$ing .all&, ad0!r%i&!.!n%& all r!nd!r &!r0i3! %%hi&2 +h!r!(, %h! 3i% i& n a &$a3! %ha% .a#!& indi0id/al& $a&&i0!, and a d!0i3! n%

% h!l$ 9r &!l95i.$r0!.!n% 9 indi0id/al (/% 9r 3n%in/a%in 9 3a$i%ali&.J&!i&%!n3! i%&!l92

+h! $r%!&%&, (r/%ali% and &/$r!&&in hi3h 3.! /% d/ring !zi =ar#In3id!n% i& %h! r!&/l% 9 a $r3!&& %ha% %h! &$a3! gain!d a3%i0i% and %h! h/.an ,ha& $/ll!d 99 %h! !&&!n3! 9 hi. ( %h! &&%!., r!%/rn!d hi.&!l9 and (!3a.! an!99!3%i0! &/(>!3%2 ! .a 3n&id!r %h! in3id!n% n% nl a& a 3i0i3 r /r(an r!&$n&!,


4/20

(/% al& %h! d!&ign.!n% 9 $!r n &$a3!5%i.! and (d, in a high!r a(&ra3%in l!0!l2+hi& #ind 9 a$$ra3h .a#!& /& 3l&!r % an in%!rdi&3i$linar and (>!3%i0! $!r&$!3%i0!2

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In %h! %h!r 3rn!r 9 %h! %riangl! i& %h! r!la%in&hi$ (!%!!n h/&ing and

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A& 9ir&%l &%a%!d ( /&, %h!r! ar! a l% 9 di.!n&in& in r!a&n& and3n3l/&in& 9 !zi In3id!n%2 B/% ! ill 3nd/3% %hi& &%/d i%h a /r(an and $li%i3a$$ra3h-& %hr!! &id!&2 +hi& $&i%in indi3a%!& 3ng!&%in 9 &/(>!3% and %h!r 9r li#!a !%!n&i0! &/(>!3%2

K4 56+7:Ci%, $li%i3al $ar%i3i$a%in, 3a$i%ali&., /r(an righ%, (i$li%i3a

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=!# "# a"dan +)r#i! %arihin! il#l!rin g1r)ld)7) (ir %$l/.&al har!#!%lara# g!"!3!# !zi Olalarnn in3!l!n.!&i h!. +)r#i!-nin d)na il! $aral!l lara#g!"irdi7i !#n.i# 0! &ia&al d1n)').l!rin #a0rana(il.!&i, h!. d! &1z #n/&/d1n)').l!rin %$l/.&al alanda#i &n/"larnn ird!l!n.!&i a"&ndan 1n!.lidir2


5/20

!8 9*.7(+' M9;'' +*./. Y6


6/20

)r!%ildi7i 0! g!li'%irildi7i r%a# %$l/.&al !%#inli# alanna i'ar!% !%.!# i"in#/llanlan #a0ra. ld/7/n/ &1l!!n Ha(!r.a& a&lnda, h!r %)rl) "#ardanarn.', d!0l!% %ri%!&inin (a& 0! (/r/#larndan, &!r.a! !g!.!nli7ind!n

(a7.&z (ir alan %an.la.a#%adr )n!, QGGFP2 :Mi3h!l /3a/l% i&!#a./&al .!#4n, d)z!nl!!n 0! di&i$lin! !d!nl!, a'aan 0! #!ndili7ind!nlann "a%'.a alan lara# %an.la.a#%adr2 +u devinim sayesindekamusal mek$n var olur. -amusal mek$n, iktidar tarafndanbi"imlendirildi!i l"de toplumun da kltryle onu besledi!ibir alana dnme e!iliminde ve devinimindedir5 ( ou%ault,

7den aktaran 6'kan, 202)2 :O&3ar N!g% 0! Al!and!r Kl/g!,Ha(!r.a&-n burjuva kamusallna #ar' "#ara#, #a./&al alan S.)3ad!l!nin&a0a' d' llarla #arara (a7land7; $rl!%!r alan lara# %an.larlar2 Ri3hard8!nn!%% i&!, #a./&alla'.a #a0ra.n6 1zg)nl)# 0! !n%!ll!#%)!l d!rinli#l!#a./&al haa% 0! 1z!l haa% ara&nda#i d!ng!&izli7in n!d!nl!rini 0! (/d!ng!&izli7in l a"%7 &r/nlar da ird!l!!r!#, (a% A0r/$a #!n%l!ri i"in,;in&anlarn (!lirli .!#4nlarda 7/n %$l/.&al ili'#il!r #/r.a lana#larna&ahi$ l.alar; lara# a"#lar; )n!, QGGFP2 Di##a% !dilir&! &1z #n/&/d)')n)rl!rin %).) a&lnda d!.#ra%i# (ir %$l/.&al a$a i'ar!% !%.!#%! 0!#a./&al alann 1zg)r (ir alan i9ad! !%%i7ini (!lir%.!#%!dir2 Ha%%a N!g% 0!Kl/g!-nin (/r>/0a #a./&all7na #ar' g!li'%irdi#l!ri :al%!rna%i9: 0! :#ar'%;

#a./&al alan #a0ra.&alla'%r.alar, #)r!&!l 1l"!#%!#i &!r.a!nin &aldr&na#ar' &n9 d' lara# adlandrla(il!3!# d!.#ra%i# .)3ad!l! alann 0! an%i#a$i%ali&% 0! #l!#%i9 1z!lli#l!r! &ahi$ &1z il! !l!.l!rin, !.!#5&!r.a!"!li'#i&in! daanan &n9 .)3ad!l!&inin gra.!rin! /g/n lara# l/'%/rd/7/alanlar i9ad! !%.!#%!dir z#an, QGGT-%!n a#%aran z%an, QG FP2 An3a#.!#4nn )r!%i.i l/la a'a. alanlar lan #a./&al alanlarn d1n)').! %a(i%/%/l.a& (/ &nrl 1zg)rl)# alanlarn da &nrlandr.aa a da r%adan#aldr.aa "al'.a#%adr2

#%idarlar %$l/.&al a$ )z!rind! d!n!%i. #/r.a# i"in &ad!3! a'a.

alanlarn d!7il (ir!l!rin (!d!nl!rini d! d1n)').! %a(i %/%.a#%adrlar2 B/d1n)'). (i$li%i#a lara# adlandrlan 0! $li%i#ada .d!rni%!l! (irli#%!g!r"!#l!'%i7i 0ar&alan d!7i'i.l! (irli#%! in3!l!n.!#%!dir2

B/ #a0ra. il# #!z Mi3h!l /3a/l% %ara9ndan g!li'%iril.i'%ir2Bi$li%i#a #a0ra., /3a/l% &nra&nda irgi Aga.(!n, Mi3ha!l Hard%0! An%ni N!gri gi(i $!# "# d)')n)r %ara9ndan da ird!l!n.i' l.a&na


7/20

ra7.!n h!n)z anla. )z!rind! /zla'.aa 0arla.a.' (ir #a0ra.dr2Aga.(!n-! g1r! (i$li%i#a #a0ra. i#%idarn !g!.!n $ra%i7inin 1z)n)'!#ill!ndirir2 Nazi %$la.a #a.$larn :Ba%-nn (i$li%i#a $aradig.a&;lara# ni%!l!ndir!n Aga.(!n-! g1r! $arla.!n%!r d!.#ra&il!rl! %%ali%!rdi#%a%1rl)#l!r, li(!ral anaa&al d!0l!%l!rl! %ri%!r d)z!nl!r ara&nda #!in (irar. #%/r6 d!.#ra&i il! %%ali%ariz. ara&nda i"&!l (ir daan'.a 0ardr 0!

(/ daan'.a, in&an ha#larnn r%aa "#'la %$la.a #a.$larnn g!li'i.iara&nda#i i"&!l (a7lan%la #an%lana(ilir L!.#!, QG VGP2 Hard% 0!

N!gri-! g1r! (i$li%i#a, #/ral il! i&%i&nann 1r%)'.!&i anla.na g!l.!#%!nziad!, #ara#%!rini )r!%i. il! !nid!n )r!%i., !#n.i il! $li%i#a ara&nda#i&nrlarn # l/'/la (/lan #a$i%aliz.in !ni (ir a'a.a&dr L!.#!, QGP2 /3a/l%-/n #)llia%nda i&! (i$li%i#a, $li%i#a d)z!nind!#i (ir#rl.a i'ar!% !d!r Bi$li%i#a6 in&an %)r)n)n a'a.na 1zg) lg/larn (ilgi0! i#%idar d)zl!.in!, $li%i# %!#ni#l!r alanna giri'idir /3a/l%, VG T5TQ-d!n a#%aran L!.#!, QG QGP2 a/3/l%-/n (i$li%i#a#a0ra.&alla'%r.a&, h!. #a0ra. )z!rind! "al'an di7!r d)')n)rl!rin/3a/l%-/n #a0ra.&alla'%r.a&ndan la "#.alar h!. d! /3a/l%-n/n:i#%idar "1z).l!.!&i 0! 1zn! &r/n&al; )z!rind! a$%7 $!# "# "al'.ann1n!.li (ir (1l).)n) i"!r.!&i a"&ndan 1n!.lidir2

/3a/l%, haa% $li%i#ann n!&n!&i lara# g1r!n #/ra.lara .!&a9!lia#la'.a#%adr2 /3a/l% (i$li%i#a )" 9ar#l (i"i.d! #/llan.a#%adr2 l#lara# (i$li%i#a, $li%i# !g!.!nli7in #a0ra.larn !nid!n 9r.)l! !%.!&i0! $li%i# (ilginin !ni (i"i.l!rini al.a& (a#.ndan $li%i#ann "!#ird!7inind1n)'.!&in! i'ar!% !%.!#%!dir L!.#!, QG TP2 B/na g1r!, r%aa "#an!ni (ir $li%i# d)')n)' 0ardr 0! (/ $li%i# d)')n)' a&lnda !g!.!n g)3)n!ni (ir i9ad!&i l.a& a"&ndan %arih&!l (ir #rl.a i9ad! !%.!#%!dir2Ka0ra.n i#in3i #/llan., (i$li%i#a 0! .d!rn r#"l7n )#&!li'i ara&nda#/rd/7/ (a7 il! r%aa "#.a#%adr2 8n lara# i&! "# da a"#la3 (ir '!#ild!r%aa #a.ad7, %!.!ld! (ir!in #!ndini 1n!%.!&i lara# i9ad!!dil!(il!3!#, 1n!%i.in li(!ral (i"i.l!rini d! i"!r!n (ir 1n!%i. &ana%nag1nd!r.! a$.a#%adr2

a/3/l%, (i$li%i#a #a0ra.&alla'%rr#!n (ii#%idar #a0ra.n#/llan.a#%adr2 Bii#%idar, .d!rni%!l! (irli#%! r%aa "#an 0! g!li'!ni#%idardr2 a/3/l%, (ii#%idarn F2 )zlda '!#ill!n.!! (a'lad7n 0!#!ndind!n 1n3!#i i#%idar (i"i.ind!n 9ar#l lara# 1ld)r!(il.! g)3)nd! d!7ild! (!d!nl!r! in3!li#l! h)#.!%.!d! 0! a'a.lar di##a%li3! 1n!%.!d!&i.g!l!'%i7ini &1l!.!#%!dir a/3/l%, G TG-dan a#%aran Bz#, QGTQP2 B/ a"dan %$l/./n (ir!l!r )z!rind!#i #n%rl)n)n alnz3a (ilin" a daid!l>i l/la d!7il, (!d!nl! 0! (!d!nd! &a7land7n &1l!!n a/3/l%a-ag1r! #a$i%ali&% %$l/. i"in !n 1n!.li '!, (il>i#, &.a%i# 0! (!d!n&!l lan


8/20

'!dir6 ani (i$li%i#adr Hard% 0! N!gri, QGGV-d!n a#%aran Bz#, QGTQP2 #%idar 0! $li%i#a alannda a'anan (/ d1n)'). :a'a.n %arih! giri'i;lara# da r/.lan.a#%adr2

:/3a/l%J/n d)')n3!&ini (a'%an &na #a%!d!n r%a# izl!#, 2)zldan &nra ())# $li%i# #/r/.larn 0! $ar%il!rin !lin! g!"!n !ni (ir

$li%i# ara%. &)r!3inin g!r!#&ini.l!rini 1zg)ll!'%ir.! d!n!.!&i gi(ig1z)#.!#%!dir2 !r"!#%! /3a/l% a'a.n %arih! giri'in!, (!d!n 0! n/n

$%an&i!lil! (a'laan 0! Ba% d)')n3!&inin 1zn!i Sa&ann (ir 1zn!&iS gi(i#a0raan )r)rl)#%!#i g!l!n!7in! #ar' !%i# (ir $li%i# 1zn! lara# di##a%! alan!ni (ir n%l>i 1n!r.! lana7 &/n.a& dla&la l/.l/ (a#.a#%adr;

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a/3/l%-/n (i$li%i#a #a0ra.&alla'%r.a&nda "al'.a.zn#n/&/na ili'#in (!l#i d! !n 3an al3 &1l!.i dir!ni' 0! 1zg)rl)# $ra%i#l!ri)z!rin! &1l!di#l!ridir2 :n/n li(!ral 1n!%i.! d/d/7/ ilgi, &n ana #adar

(i$li%i#a &%ra%!>il!rinin :rgani#; (ir 17!&i lara# #a0rad7 dir!ni' 0!1zg)rl)# $ra%i#l!rin! dair d!7!rl!ndir.!l!rini d!7i'%ir.!&in! l a".'%r#%idar &)r!"l!ri, a'a. il! (!d!n adna %ann.a %al!$ !di$ &a0lar 9r.)l! !d!n./hal!9!%in (i"i.l!rini #'#r%ara# haa% d!n!%i. al%na al.aa 0!d)z!nl!.!! "al'.a#%adr2 a'a. )z!rind!#i d!n!%i.in 7/nla'$g!ni'l!.!&i, a'a. %$l/.&al .)3ad!l!l!rin h!d!9i halin! g!%irir2 B!d!nl!rindi&i$lin al%na aln.a& 0! n)9/&/n d)z!nl!n.!&i, !i 0! /n/%/l./' ha#lar

ard.a "a7r.aan6 an3a# a'a. ha##, (!d!n, &a7l#, 3in&!lli# 0! %!.!lg!r!#&ini.l!rin #ar'lan.a& gi(i !ni ha# #a%!gril!rini il!ri &)r!n !ni $li%i#.)3ad!l!l!r! l a"ar; L!.#!, QG FP2

28 K(.*(.* K'*?/ D.'(/.9+. K(+?'7(9. K'* 0(9 T(1.

#%idarn a'a. alanlarn 0! (!d!nl!ri d1n)').! %a(i %/%.a&,#a$i%ali&% #!n%l!'.! dina.i#l!ril! (irli#%! d)')n)ld)7)nd! %$l/. )z!rind!

(a 1n!.li d!r!3!d! ar%%ran (ir /n&/r lara# #ar'.za "#.a#%adr2 !zi=ar# Olalar +)r#i!-d! 1z!lli#l! &n llarda ar%an #!n%&!l d1n)').1rn!#l!ri, HE8-l!r 0(2 /g/la.alarla a'a. alanlarnn &!r.a!!d!0r!dil.!&in! #ar' halihazrda (a'la.' lan .)3ad!l!l!rin dr/# n#%a&l./'%/r2 B/ a"dan #!n%l!rin #a$i%ali&% )r!%i. (i"i.in! g1r! d)z!nl!n.!&i&)r!3ini !l! al.a# g!r!#.!#%!dir2


9/20

Da0id Har0!-! g1r! #!n%&!l &)r!"6 )r!%i., dla'., d!7i'i. 0!%)#!%i. i"in .addi al%a$nn ara%.n i9ad! !%.!#%!dir W!ng)l, QGGP2 B/

(a7la.da Har0!, #!n%i #a$i%ali&% (iri#i. &)r!"l!rind!n (a7.&z lara# !l!al.ann #!n% .!#4nn 9!%i'l!'%i.!# 0! n/ %$l/.&al &)r!"l!rd!n #$ar.a#anla.na g!l!3!7ini &a0/n.a#%adr2

Md!rn #!n%l!rin ()).!&inin %arihinin #a$i%ali&%l!rin #arlarnaza.i! "#ar.a# i&%!.!&inin %arihi ld/7/n/ &1l!!n Har0!-! g1r! #!n%l!r,#a$i%ali&% &!r.a! (iri#i. .an%7n an&%an (ir!r anadr )ll)$nar, QGFP2

Har0!, #a$i%ali&% #!n%l!'.! &)r!"l!rini daha d!%al in3!l!!(il.!#i"in, #!n%l!'.! &)r!"l!rinin rdi&% 0! =&%5rdi&% (iri#i. r!>i.l!ril! lanili'#i&i "!r"!0!&ind!, #!n% #a0ra.n K!n!&"i 0! K!n!&"ilili# &nra& #!n%lara# i#i! ar.a#%adr2 K!n!&"i #!n%, %)#!%i. %!.!lli (ir l/'/.d/r 0!%al!$ anl #!n%l!'.! &)r!3in! daanr2 K!n!&"i !#n.i $li%i#ada d!0l!%&)r!#li &&al har3a.alara a%r. a$ara# %$/./n !#n.i# 0! &ia&alhaa%n garan%i al%na al.a#%adr2 A&lnda d!0l!% (/ '!#ild!, (r"lanara# %al!(iar%%r.a#%a 0! #a$i%ali&% &i&%!.in i&%i#rarn &a7la.aa "al'.a#%adr2

FG-li llarla (irli#%! K!n!&"i $rgra.n "1#)') %). (/nlard!7i'%ir.i'%ir2 B/ llardan i%i(ar!n, #a$i%ali&% !nid!n a$lan.a &)r!3ind!#!n%&!l alanlar radi#al (ir '!#ild! d1n)'%)r!3!# #a$&a.l #!n%&!l a%r.

$r>!l!ri /g/la.aa #n/l./'%/r2 8n llarda +)r#i!-d! d! gid!r!# ar%an (ir'!#ild! /g/la.aa #nan 0! n!li(!ral #!n%l!'.! $li%i#alar lara#adlandrla(il!3!# (/ $li%i#alar, #a$i%ali&% !nid!n a$lan.a &)r!3inin %!.!ldina.i#l!rind!n (iri l./'%/r2 :D!0l!% )r!%i. 0! &&al hiz.!%l!r alanndan&&al #n/%, &a7l#, !7i%i. 0(2P "!#ilir#!n, .al 0! hiz.!%l!rin #)r!&!l 1l"!#%!dla'.n &a7laa3a# n!li(!ral $li%i#alarn al%a$& lan d)z!nl!.!l!rhaa%a g!"iril.i'%ir2 N!li(!ral !#n.i $li%i#alarnn d)nada agnl##azan.a&, .!#4n&al a$larda d7r/dan 0! dlal lara# (ir dizi d1n)').l!.).#)n la(il.i'%ir; K/r%/l/', QGG GP2 B/ d1n)').l! (irli#%! #!n%l!r&anai&izl!'.! &)r!3ini a'a.', )r!%i. .!#4nlarndan, %)#!%i. .!#4nlarnad1n)'.)'%)r2

:E#n.i# a$larda#i d!7i'i#li#l!r! #'/% lara#, #!n%l!'.! &)r!"l!rid! dra.a%i# (ir d!7i'i.! /7ra.'%r2 B/ d!7i'i.in %!.!lind! #)")l!n

$ia&alarn, i'&izli7in, .!#4n&al #&%larda#i 0! #)r!&!l i'(1l).)nd!#i hzld!7i'i#li#l!rin, &!r.a! har!#!%inin, i'!ri #a$a%.alarn 0! %!#nl>i#5.ali!nid!n a$lan.ann (ir (il!'i.i a%.a#%adr2 B/ %)rd!n #riz 0! !nid!na$lan.a d1n!.l!rind!, #!n%&!l a$l "!0r!nin ana dina.i7i lan &a(i%&!r.a! a%r.lar 0! r%aa "#an 9izi#&!l al%a$lar 3iddi (ir %!hdi%l! #ar'


10/20

#ar'adr; Har0!, V Q5QXP2 B/ d/r/./ Mar :.!#4nn za.an%ara9ndan # !dil.!&i; lara# ni%!l!ndir.i', Har0! i&! (/na :za.an5.!#4n'.a&;*d!.i'%ir2

Har0!-! g1r! .!#4n&al !ng!ll!rin azal.a&, &!r.a!darlara, "##)")# .!#4n&al 9ar#ll#lar, #!ndi "#arlarna /g/n (i"i.d! &1.)r.! g)3)#azandrr M!#4nn, i'g)3) arz, #ana#lar, al%a$ 0(2 a"&ndan i"!rdi#l!ri#)")# 9ar#ll#lar gi%%i#"! daha 9azla 1n!. #azanr Har0!, QGG QF5QVP2

K!n%l!rd!#i g1#d!l!nl!r, al'0!ri' .!r#!zl!ri, %!ll!r 0! l)#& #n/%lar,&!r.a!darlarn #arlarn )#&!l%.!# i"in #!n%&!l alana a$%#lar a%r.lar

&n/3/ r%aa "#.'%r 0! "#.aa d!0a. !%.!#%!dir2 8!r.a! a%r.larla!nid!n a$landrlan .!#4n, .d!rn #!n%%! id!l>i# (ir a.a3a &ahi$%irK&.!n, %$l/.da#i !g!.!n gr/$ 0! #/r/.larn )r)rl)#%!#i id!l>i&inian&%r, #&.!n d! $ia&a g)"l!rinin, hi" #i.&!nin 1z!lli#l! arz/ !%.!di7i&n/"lar d7/r.a#%adr )ll)$nar, QG FFP2 8!r.a!darlarn #ar hr&la,#!ndi ih%ia"lar d7r/l%/&/nda '!#ill!ndirdi7i #!n%l!r, #a$i%ali&% &i&%!.in"!li'#i 0! adal!%&izli#l!rini d! !n ii '!#ild! an&%an .!#4nlar halini alr2

+$l/.&al ih%ia"lar d7r/l%/&/nda d!7il, #a$i%ali&% )r!%i. ili'#il!rininih%ia"lar d7r/l%/&/nda '!#ill!ndiril!n #!n%l!r, 3iddi '!#ild! .!#4n&alar'.ann a'and7 !rl!r halin! g!l.!#%!dir2 Har0!-! g1r! &!r(!&% $ia&a

$$)liz.i, r%a &n9lar !%ra9 "!0ril.i' #r/na#l &i%!l!r 0! al'0!ri' .!r#!zl!ri

i"in! !rl!'%ir.i', a.a #&/llara g!lin3!, nlar !0&iz (ar#&zl7n !ni 0!ld/#"a #4(/& dl/ .anzara&nn r%a !rin! 9rla%.'%r; Har0!, QGGP2

8!r.a! a%r.larnn #!n% .!#4nnda ara%%7 !'i%&izli#l!r, #!n%&!la$larn )z!rind! l/'an &$!#)la%i9 9aali!%l!rl! (irli#%! ar%ar2 :B/n/n !n"ar$3 1rn!7i #!n% .!r#!zl!rind! l/'an "1#)n%) alanlardr2 B/ alanlardaara%lan #&/ll/# 0! .!#4n&al "1#)n%)n)n #!n%&!l !nil!.! &)r!3i il! %!#rar

(ir ran% &a7la.a ara3 halin! d1n)'%)r)l.!#%!dir6 (/n/n &n/3/nda, (/alanlarda a'aan al% g!lir gr/$lar 0! .ar>inal #!&i.l!r, &l/la'%rl.'g!n%ri9i!dP alanlardan d'lan.a#%a 0! !ni r%a &n9 (/ alanlara !l#.a#%adr; W!ng)l, QGG GP2

K!n% .!#4nnn .!%ala'.a&la #a$i%ali&% #!n%l!'.!nin r%aa"#ard7 (/ %a(l L!9!(0r!-nin kentsel hak(ehir hakk) #a0ra.n r%aaa%.a&na n!d!n l./'%/r2 /#arda da (ah&!dildi7i gi(i, ar%# #!n% .!#4nnn#/llan. d!7!ri d!7il d!7i'i. d!7!ri 1n!.lidir 0! (/ da &!r.a!darlarn#!n%&!l g!li'i.i 0! d1n)').) i&%!di#l!ri gi(i (!lirl!.!l!rin! lana# 0!r!n (ir

**Arn%l "in (#z Da0id Har0!, $6*/67+'.=.' D


11/20

&)r!" lara# #!n%&!l &1.)r)n)n &)r!#li !nil!n!n (ir halini i9ad! !%.!#%!dir2+$l/.da#i al% &n9larn a'a. alanlar )z!rind!#i &1z &1l!.! ha#larnnga&$ anla.na g!l!n (/ d/r/. #!n% .!#4nnda 1n!.li (ir "!li'#i r%aa"#ar.a#%adr2 B/ (a7la.da #!n%&!l ha#, a'ad#lar alanda &1z &ahi(ila.aan (ir!l!rin (ir araa g!l!r!# a'ad#lar alanlar !l! g!"ir.!&i 0! (/alanlara &ahi$ "#.a& d!.!#%ir2

Har0! d! #!n%&!l ha# #a0ra.n !l! al.', an3a# L!9!(0r!-d!n 9ar#llara# (/ ha## :in&an ha#larnn (ir "!'idi; Har0!, QGGVP lara##a0ra.&alla'%r.'%r2 K!n%&!l ha#, :.)l#&)zl!'%ir.! l/la (iri#i.; !ld!!%.!#%! lan &!r.a!nin, az g!lirli n)9/&/n (arnd7 d!7!rli %$ra7,

&l/la'%r.a?./%!nala'%r.a ad al%nda !l! g!"ir.!&in! #ar' %$l/./n#!ndini &a0/n.a (i"i.idir #i (/ %)r (ir !'i%&izli# r%a.nda #rizl!rin r%aa"#.a& 0! .)l#&)zl!'%iril!nl!rin dir!n.!&i #a"nl.azdr Al$.an, QGVP2

8!r.a! (iri#i.in! hiz.!% !d!n #a$i%ali&% #!n%l!'.! .d!linin #!n%.!#4nnda r%aa "#ard7 !'i%&izli7in &n9&al (ir ni%!li# %a'd7g1r)l.!#%!dir2 K!n% d! (/ a"dan &n9 .)3ad!l!&inin .!#4n lara#ni%!l!ndiril!(ilir2 : Bir #!n%in in&anlar #!n%in a#larla #!n%! dahil l/r#!n&!r.a!, a#lar r%adan #aldrara# #!n%i, #!ndi i"ind! har!#!% !d!r#!n&)r!#li #!ndi i"in! "1#!n (ir .!#4n halin! g!%ir.!#%!dir2 B/ n!d!nl! #!n%&!ld1n)')., &l/la'%r.a?./%!nala'%r.a a da (!nz!ri !7ili.l!r l/la

/g/lan.a#%a lan &!r.a!nin (iri#i. &%ra%!>i&i il! .!#4na dair &r/nlarn%$l/.&alla'.a& ara&nda d7r/&al (ir ili'#i (/l/n.a#%adr2 K!n%in .!%ala'.ad)z!i ar%%#"a, %$l/.&al a'a.n .!r#!zi lara# 0ar lan #!n% .!#4n il!&!r.a!nin d!7i'i. d!7!ri )#&!# #!n%l!'.!&i !r d!7i'%irir; Al$.an, QGVP 0! (/ d!7i'i. #i.i za.an !zi =ar# 1rn!7ind! ld/7/ gi(i %$l/.&alhar!#!%l!r! n!d!n la(ilir2

"8 GB. $(+9 O(4(+ N( O9


12/20

i#%i&a% $li%i#alar &)r!3in da# n#%a&n l/'%/r.a#%adr2 K&a3a #a./#/r/l/'larnn &!r.a!! d!0ri lara# ni%!l!ndiril!(il!3!# n!li(!ral i#%i&a%

$li%i#alar6 1z!ll!'%ir.!, %a'!rnla'.a, &!ndi#a&zla'%r.a, %). a'a.alanlarnn $ia&a #'/llarna g1r! d)z!nl!n.!&i '!#lind! #!ndi&inig1&%!r.!#%!dir2 N!li(!ral i#%i&a% $li%i#alar !&a& lara# #a$i%aliz.in i"in!girdi7i #ar #rizini a'.a# i"in /g/la.aa #n/l./'%/r2 B/ !ni d1n!.d!#!n%&!l d1n)'). 0! #!n%&!l !nil!.! $r>!l!ri 1n $lana "#.', (ir %ara9%an dan!li(!ral i#%i&a% $li%i#alarnn r%aa "#ard7 i'&izli#, g)0!n3!&izli#, !&n!#"al'.a 0(2 lg/larla (ir! !#n.i#, %$l/.&al 0! &ia&al lara#

(alan.'%r2

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+)r#i!-d! !zi =ar# il! (a'laan lalarn 1n3!&ind! A.!ri#a-da#iO33/$all&%r!!%, &$ana-da#i 5M Har!#!%i, Ar>an%in 0! Wili-d!#i #i%l!&!lhal# i&anlar 0! M&r-da#i +ahrir M!dan Olalar &)r!3in (ir!l!r )z!rind!

na&l (ir !%#i ara%%7 0! (/ !%#inin $a%la.aa na&l d1n)'%)7)n) g1&%!r!n1n!.li 1rn!#l!rdir2 81z #n/&/ har!#!%l!r 9ar#l i" dina.i#l!r! &ahi$l.alarna 0! 9ar#l #'/llarda 9ar#l &1l!.l!rl! r%aa "#.alarna ra7.!n#/'#/&/z h!r (iri %). d)nada a'anan !#n.i#, &ia&al 0! %$l/.&al#'/llarn (ir!r )r)n)d)r 0! (/ anla.da $!# "# r%a# n#%alar da (/l/na(ilir2

B/ (a7la.da (/ har!#!%l!ri, :n!li(!raliz.in i#%i&adi alandan &ia&!%a$.a %arzna 0! g)nd!li7in ri%.in! #adar daa%%7 #'/llar #ar'&ndag)0!n3!&izl!'!n, !r&iz5/r%&/zla'an 0! 1zg)rl)#l!rini i%ir!n #i%l!l!rin &nllarda d)nann d1r% (ir annda !l!.! g!".!&i 0! i#%idarlarn %ri%!rh)#.!%.! %arzlarn 0! (/n/n g1&%!rg!l!rind!n (iri lara# .!#4nlar ran%/7r/na d1n)'%)r.! $!ra&nlarn $r%!&% !%.!# i"in (a'la%%#lar i'gal 0!dir!ni' har!#!%l!ri; z%an, QG XXP lara# g1r.!# anl' l.aa3a#%r2

+)r#i!-d! &1z #n/&/ har!#!%l!rin !&a& lara# !zi =ar# lalar1n3!&ind! HE8 $r%!&%lar il! #!ndi&ini g1&%!rdi7i &1l!n!(ilir2 B/ (a7la.da!zi $ar# lalarnn a'a. alanlarnn &a0/n/l.a& a"&ndan 1n3)ll!ri,&!n!l!r 1n3!&ind! B!rga.a #1l)l!rinin .ad!n ara.a 'ir#!%l!rin! #ar'

(a'la%%#lar .)3ad!l!d!n g)n).)z)n HE8 #ar'% .)3ad!l!l!rin! /zanan"!0r! har!#!%l!ridir2 An3a# !zi =ar# lalarnn (/ har!#!%l!rd!n h!. i"!ri#h!. d! %al!$l!r anla.nda daha #a$&a3 ld/7/n/ da /n/%.a.a# g!r!#ir2


13/20

Bra%a0-a g1r! har!#!%in 1n)nd! !r ald7 g1r)l!n 17r!n3il!r 0!hiz.!% &!#%1r) "al'anlar )3r!%li !.!# #a%!gri&i i"ind!dirl!r6 dla&lanlar i'"i &n9nn d'nda g1r.!# .).#)n d!7ildir 0! g!zi lalar a7.a3#a$i%aliz.! #ar' lg/nla'.' (ir &n9&al (a'#aldrdr2 Bra%a0 har!#!% i"ind!,)#&!# ni%!li#li, !7i%i.li i'"il!rin, arn#i &n9 lda'lar 17r!n3il!rP il!

(irli#%!, $r9!&n!ll!rin d! #a%l.la, #a$#a"" (/r>/0azinin 0! n/nla()%)nl!'.i' &ia&i i#%idarn d!04&a #!n%&!l ran%lara !l #.a giri'i.in! #ar'"#%7n 1n! &)r.!#%!dir Bra%a0, QGP2

ldz7l/ har!#!%! #a%lan #!&i.i : )#&!# 0a&9l !ni $rl!%!ra; ldz7l/, QGP lara# ni%!l!ndirir#!n B)r#!0 :i&ann (a'n "!#!n r%a

&n9n $rl!%!rl!'!n #)")# (/r>/0azi ld/7/n/; B)r#!0, QGP &1l!.!#%!dir2B/ n#%adan, /#arda (ah&!dil!n lalara #a%lan #!&i.l!rin

%al!$l!rinin !#n.i# "#arlarla ilgili l.a#%an "# a'a. %arz 0!#'/llarla ilgili ld/7/ &n/3/na 0arla(ilir2 Olalara #a%lanlarn (ir

(1l).)n)n id!l>i&inin A%a%)r# $r%r!li +)r# (ara7 il! %!.&il !dil.!&i (/&a0 d!&%!#l!r ni%!li#%!dir2 a'a. #'/llarnn zrla5 i#%idarn !7i%i.l!, al#ll!ilgili a&alarnn 0! d)z!nl!.!l!rinin i'ar!% !%%i7i gi(i5 &la.i (ir 1nd!d1n)'%)r)l.!! "al'l.a&na %!$#i g1&%!r!n (/ #!&i.l!r, alnz3a $ara 0!&n9&al ar3al7n d)')n.!.!#%!, a.a !dindi7i 0! 1zd!'l!'%i7i (ir a'a.%arznn #r/n.a&n 0! g!li'.!&ini i&%!.!#%!dir 8&al, QG P2 !zilalar, XV har!#!%i gi(i .addi "#arlarn 1%!&in! &!&l!n!n an%i5%ri%!r,

li(!r%!r (ir har!#!% lara# da r/.lan.a#%adr D7an, QG FP2 B/n/nannda, lalarn #!n%&!l %$l/.&al har!#!% lara# (a'la.a&ndan la"#lara# a$lan r/.a da di##a%l!ri "!#.!# g!r!#.!#%!dir D7ann%ahri(a%, #!n%l!rin &!r.a! (iri#i.inin g!r!#l!ri d7r/l%/&/ndad1n)'%)r)l.!&i, ./%!nala'%rl.a&, )z!rind! h!r#!&in #/llan. ha##nnld/7/ .)'%!r!#l!rin 1z!ll!'%iril!r!# hal#a #a$a%l.a& 0!a # !dil.!&il! 0!

()%)n (/nlar i"in d!0l!% zr/n/n #/llanl.a&na #ar' i&an har!#!%inin+a#&i.5 !zi =ar#-nda (a'la.a& il! :)#&!# 0a&9l !ni $rl!%ara;nn&n9&al #n/./ ara&nda (ir (a7 #la3a #/r/la(ilir D7an, QGFP2

!zi lalarnn har!#!%! #a%lan "7/nl/# a"&ndan g1z 1n)n!aln.a& g!r!#!n 1n!.li (ir di7!r n#%a&, &1z #n/&/ #!&i.l!rin %!.&ili!% 0!&ia&al #a%l. #anallarndan d'lan.' #!&i.l!r l.a&dr2 !zi lalarna#a%l.da #adn 0! g!n"l!rin 7/nl/#%a l.a& (/ &a0 d!&%!#l!r ni%!li#%!dir2VG &nra&nda g!n"l!rin a'ad7 d!$li%iza&n &)r!3i 0! #adnlarn &i&%!.i"ind!#i #n/.lar, nlar (a'%a $arla.!n% l.a# )z!r! &ia&al alanda %!.&il!dil.!l!rin! !ng!l %!'#il !%.i'%ir2

+$l/./n )z!rin! "1#!n $li%i# %aha##).)n 0! !#n.i# &1.)r)#anallarnn r!ddil! (a'laan !zi Olalar, %ri%!r !7ili.l!ri i"ind!!ri%!(il!n, "7/nl/7/n %!hli#!li %al!$l!ril! /l/& &nrlar i"ind! 0! d'nda


14/20

d!h'!% &a"a(il!n, 0! %$l/./ &a&z #analdan di&i$lin al%na al.a 0! #n%rl!%.!i #!ndi 0arl/' &!(!(i (il!n .!03/% %!.&ili d!.#ra&i (i"i.l!ri !rin!daha 9ar#l d!.#ra&il!rin ara' Kdala#, QG GP n da i"!r.!#%!dir2!zi lalar &nra& $!# "# .ahall!d! r%aa "#an 9r/.lar 0! hal#.!3li&l!ri (/ ara'n )r)nl!ri lara# r%aa "#.'lardr2 B/ (a7la.da.ahall!l!rd! l/'%/r/lan hal# .!3li&l!ri (ir!r d7r/dan d!.#ra&i d!n!.!&ilara# g1r)l!(ilir2 D!.#ra&ii "7/nl/7/n hi!rar'i# %!.&il #/rg/larla

(a7da'%r.a# !rin!, a"# #ana#l d7r/dan d!.#ra&inin !r!ld!n (a'laara#g!ni' 1l"!#l!rd! i'l!i'inin .).#)n l/$ la.aa3a7 %ar%'.alar (/ '!#ild!g)nd!.! g!l.i'%ir Kdala#, QGP2 B/ '!#ild! (ir!l!r, .!#4n 0! a'a.

$li%i#alarnn ar%# &!r.a! il! d!0l!%, (a'#a d!i'l! #a$i%ali&% d!.#ra&il/la #ararla'%rl.a&na (a'#aldr.'lar !l!(i, QG GGP 0! (/n/nal%!rna%i9ini r%aa #./'lardr2

!zi =ar# Olalar, n!li(!ral $li%i#alarn /g/la3& #n/./nda#ii#%idarlarn a'a. alanlarn d7a, #!n%l!ri 0(2P, (!d!nl!ri 0! a'a.%arzlarn d1n)'%)r.! &)r!3inin (ir )r)n) lara# r%aa "#.'%r2 N!li(!ral

$li%i#alarla #!n% .!#4nlarnn ran% da#l d1n)'%)r)l.!&i !zi =ar#1rn!7ind! ld/7/ gi(i a'a. alanlarna .)dahal! anla. da %a'd7ndan,d7ann %ahri(a%nn an &ra 1zg)rl)#l!rin %r$anlan.a& &)r!3ini d!

(!ra(!rind! g!%ir.!#%!dir2 a$l "!0r!nin $li%i# (ir '! ld/7/n/ (izl!r! (ir

#!z daha ha%rla%an !zi =ar# Olalar, %arih (/n3a !g!.!n i#%idarlarn!r#l!rinin &!.(li# an&.alar lara# #!n% .!#4nnda#i a$lar #/lland#larg!r"!7ini !nid!n g)nd!.! g!%ir.i'%ir2

!zi =ar# Olalar-nn (iz! ha%rla%%7 1n!.li (ir g!r"!#li# daha0ardr 8ia&al a#%1rl!r .!'r/ (ir '!#ild! !ld! !%%i#l!ri i#%idar ara"larn (aara"lar halin! "!0ir.!#%!dirl!r 0! (/ &r/n a&lnda i#%idar !ll!rind!

(/l/nd/ran &ia&al a#%1rl!rl! ilgili (ir &r/n d!7ildir2 B/ &r/n, %!.&ilid!.#ra&inin a$&al lara# #a$i%ali&% &1.)r)l! #l #la 0!ri$ %$l/.)z!rind! di&i$lin!r 0! d!n!%i.3i %aha##). (i"i.l!ri g!li'%ir.!&inin ar%#la7anla'.a&la ilgilidir Kdala#, QG QP2

Eg!.!nl!rin .!#4nlar 0! a'a. %arzlarn &!r.a! l!hin! d1n)').!

%/%.a &)r!3in! (ir (a'#aldr lara# da #/na(il!3!# !zi =ar# Olalar, (ir#!n%&!l %$l/.&al har!#!% lara# r%aa "#.a& 0! +)r#i!-nin il# #!n%&!l%$l/.&al har!#!%i lara# %arih! g!".!&i a"&ndan 1n!.lidir2 K!n% .!#4nn&ahi$l!n.! d/g/&/la, %ri%!r (ir %a0ra #ar' (ir i%iraz lara# d7an (/lan, :ran%&z g)"; #/llanlara# anl' 1n!%il.!&il! (ir i&ana d1n)'.!&i,har!#!%in i"!ri7inin 0! %al!$l!rinin g!ni'l!.!&in! 0! +)r#i!-nin $!# "#

(1lg!&in! al.a&na n!d!n l./'%/r2 Olalarn (/ '!#ild! ()).!&i 0! (ir&i&%!. !l!'%iri&i- halin! d1n)'.!&i, an za.anda %$l/./n $!# "# 9ar#l


15/20

#!&i.inin d! il# d!9a (ir %$l/.&al lada (ir araa g!l.!&ini &a7la.' 0! (/a"dan da 9ar#l (ir d!n!i. l./'%/r2

YURTTA#LIK VE KENT MEKANI OLARAK GEZ SONUCU

!zi =ar# !l!.l!ri $aral!lind! 1n).)z! "#an %a(la (ina!n daha"# '! &1l!n!(ilir2 La#in 0/rg/larn %!.!lin! %/ran '! /r%%a'l##a0ra.nn (ir izd)').)nd!n (a'#a (ir '! d! d!7ildir- 1n!r.!&i d! &ad! (irha#i#a%i (iz! &/n/r la(ilir2 Ola&l#l (ir &n/" 1n!r.!&il! #ar'.zdad/ran la&l#l (ir %$l/.&all#%r2 Ola&l#%r ")n#) (ir lag!li' halind!dir2

An3a# (/ lag!l.! hali, +)r#i!-nin di7!r (ir"# /l/&larara& &%a%) #ard!'i gi(i(ir"# d!7i'#!n! %a(i6 h!r %)rl) !#n.i5$li%i# d!7i'#!n! a"# la#in (/d!7i'#!nl!ri #)l%)r!l59!n.nl>i# r!&!$%1rl! al.a# zr/ndal7ndandr2

E7!r a priori (ir d!0l!% #rizind!n ha%%a daha a"# (ir '!#ild! i&.in#.a# g!r!#ir&! stateness1 $r(l!.ind!n (ah&!d!3!# l/r&a#, d!0l!%in (/#riz! 0!rdi7i an%, : #!ndi #d/7/ &nrlarn ihlalin! daal .)$h!. (iral.a !7ili.i 0! &ia&alla'.a i.#4nlarnn %!3ri% !dil.!&i;A7%a', QG GPlara# #/na(ilir2 Daha& in! A7%a'-n (!%i.l!.!&il! &ia&!%in, (!lirl!ni.l!r!#&%rl.', #).!l!n.i' .)za#!r! $ra%i#l!rin! ha$&!dil.!&i 0! (/n/n d'nda#i%). d!n!.!l!rin :3!zai (i"i.l!r lara#; i'ar!%l!n.!&idir 0! g!ri! #alan&ain! #!ndi (z/l/.a /7ra%%7 &nrlar dahilind! #3 0! a'ndr3 g)0!nli#&ia&alarnn /g/lan.a&ndan (a'#a (ir '! d!7ildir A7%a', QG G5P2

Hard% 0! N!gri, "#l/#-%a QGG &nra& &a0/n.a d!0l!%ind!n g)0!nli#d!0l!%in! g!"i'%!, g)0!nli7in a#%i9 0! in'a !di3i (ir (i"i. ld/7/n/ 0! !n g!n!ld)z!d! %$l/.&al a'a. )r!%.!i 0! !nid!n )r!%.!i g1r!0 (ildi7ini&1l!r#!n QG VP, g)0!nli# $aradig.a&nda#i $li& .)dahal!l!rinin (ir i"

(i"i.l!n.! &)r!3inin .!%dl>i# zr/nl/l/7/ ld/7/n/ izl!.!#%!iz2 B/&)r!"%! (ir di7!r 1n!.li n#%a i&! g!l!n!#&!l &a0a' h/#/#/nda a&a &a0a'

(!lirl!r#!n, ar%# g)n3!l .)dahal!l!rin #!ndi h/#/#/n/ ara%%7n (!lir%.!#g!r!#ir TGP

8n n#%ada (irl!'%iri3i (ir /n&/r lara# "#l/#- #a0ra.na

(a'0/r.a.zn &!(!(i, #)r!&!l (ir %).!lli# 0ar&a. i"!ri&ind! Y#i (/&i&%!.i# ani %)#!%i. i"in )r!%i.! daanan #)r!&!l (ir a7n $ar"a& lara#%i#!lli#l!rin al%n "iz!n (ir #a0ra. l.a&ndandr2

8evletleme olarak verebile%e!imi' bu kavram "alma"er"evesinde da&a "ok, #"l ve belirleyi%i devlet #elene!inednk olarak kullanlmtr..


16/20

La#in (/ %i#!lli#l!rin 0ar la(il.!&i a da (a'#a (ir i9ad!l! %!.&il!dil!(il.!&i i"in a&gari #a./&all#lara ih%ia" d/.a#%az2 B/ #a./&all#a&gari d)z!d! (ir .!#4na ih%ia" d/.a#%adr2 !zi &)r!3ind! a%lan.a.a&g!r!#!n n#%alarn (a'nda g!l!n &&al .!da da (1l! (ir .!#4n n%&&n/3/nda (!%nlar ara&nda (!lir!n (ir "a%la7a ha%%a "a%la7n g1lg!&i lara#

(ir g1lg!59!n.!n! d1n)'.)'%)r2 +!.&ili!%in i.#4n&z ld/7/ (ir za.ana.!#4n &a7laara#2 =!#i (/ .!#ana (ir i&i. 0!r.!# g!r!#ir .iZ di! &rar&a##ar'.za 1z!l alan "#a3a#%r, daha d7r/ (ir i9ad!l! (ir!&!l alan2 M!03/%d/r/.da 0! (a&i% haa%a dair algla.alar.zla (/rada#i &./% %!zah)r &anald)na.zda#i !5$&%a ah/% di7!r adr!& 0! h!&a$lar.zdr2 B/ /n&/rdan (ir#i.li# lara# (ah&!%.!# d! (/ n#%ada la&dr2 a#a% in&ann a'a.a i&%!n3i-

(/ &anall#la #/rg/lana(ilir .iZ !zi (iz! (/n/n !%.!di7ini g1&%!r.i'%ir2

+!#rar %!.&il 0! .!#4n &r/n&alna g!ri d1n!r&!#, g!zi &)r!3ind!#i !n())# !l!'%iri n#%alarndan (iri&i lara# #ar'l#l (ir #/rg/&all7a a$lan a%91n!.lidir2 K/rg/&al a da daha d)')# (ir &/%la.a d)z!i il! #.$llarn0arl72 H!r #ar'% !l!., (ir &ia&al #ar'% 1%!#inin 0arl7 lara# #i (/radaRan3i!r!-in %!zini 1d)n" al.' (/l/n/r/zQ h)#.!%.! il! h)#.!dil.!ara&nda#i !nid!n )r!%i3i ili'#inin, &)r!#li %!#rar 0! dla.&zl7 &ia&!%ir%adan #aldr3 (ir !%.!ndir 0! %a. da (/ n#%ada 0arl7 &ia&!%in g!r!7idir2!zi &)r!3i (/ n#%ada da (ir #azan. lara# #ar'.za "#.a#%adr, i&%!r9r.!l6 i&%!r&! d! !n9r.!l d)z!l!rd!2

=!#i, !zi &)r!3ind! (ir #&/l- har!#!%i g1r.!# .).#)n .)d)rZ Ki(/ !l!.i !#n.i# ld/7/ d)z!d! $li%i# d! #la(il!3!# (ir lana7&/na(il!3!#%ir2 H4#i. r/., !zi &)r!3inin r%a &n9? (!az a#al (ir#i%l!d!n #ana#land7 '!#lind!dir 0! (/ 0ar&a. d7r/ #a(/l !%&!# dahi,%!.!l d)zl!.d! (ir (!lirl!ni. ili'#i&i #/r/la(ilir2 O da #!n% .)l#i!%inin !ld!7i'%ir.!&in! d1n)# %!$#idir a da (ir .)l#i!% #)l%)r)n)n $r5a#%i9 (irr!a#&in/d/r2 B/ n#%ada da !zi-d!#i h4#i. &1l!. 0! &!.(ll!r !rinin

(/la3a#%r2 al'.a &nrlar d'na "#.a.a# adna, #/r/3/ 3/.h/ri!%id!l>i&i 0! n/n &!r!n3a.ndan '!#ill!n.i' n!&ill!r i"in la7an 0! %/%arl (ir./ha9azarl# ld/7/n/ &1l!!(iliriz2 Kald #i #ar' #ar'a g!l.!nin !n7/n a'and7 #!n% lan &%an(/l-/n (/ %$ra#lar i"in %arih )&%) 1n!.i 0!#).)la%i9 a'a. alanlar i"!ri&ind! h!r !ni g!l!nin (ir di7!rini i%!l!di7i (ir

n1(!%l!'! z!nginli# 0! #&/ll/# d1ng)&) g1r)l!(ilir2

2 9:iyasete &as olan, kartlklara katlmyla tanmlanan bir'nenin varl!dr. :iyaset, paradoksal bir eylem trdr.5

3a%;ues etisyaynlar. :.?


17/20

M!&!l!nin #!n% #i.li7i 0! /r%%a'l# il! ili'#i&i !%ra9nda %!#rar (ir&!n%!z! 1n!l.!# i&%!r&!#, #&a3a, /l/& d!0l!% /r%%a' il! #)r!&!l #a$i%aliz.ara&nda#i ili'#id!, 1n)n) #a(!%.!! )z %/%an (ir!l!rd!n d! (ah&!%.!#g!r!#!3!#%ir2 !zi &)r!3ind! "!#il.i' (ir 9%7ra9%a, D! la Cr/i-nn :hal#al g1&%!r!n 1zg)rl)#; %a(l&/ 3anlandrl.' 0! (ir 9%7ra9 #ar!&i lara#

$ala'l.'%2 B/ 9%7ra9, (ir an.&a.a i'ar!% !%.!#%!dir, da 3/.h/ri!%in#/r/3/ id!ali lara# ran&z d!0ri.i2 B/ #a(a (!nz!%.!d! g1r.!.iz g!r!#!n,

(ari#a%larn )&%)nd!n ran&z (ara7n &allaan #adnn, a&lnda %). (ara#lar&allaa(il!3!7i (ir &)r!3in in! #a(a %arih&!lli7i i"!ri&ind! #!n%%! d7an a da#!n%%! in'a !dil!n !0r!n&!l l.a iddia&nda (ir (ir! #i.li7inin (ir '!#ild!ha9zalarda#i !ridir2 B/ n#%ada .d!rnl!'.! 0! .d!rnl!'.! i"!ri&ind!#!n%l!'.! &)r!"l!rinin h!$&i #/rg/&aldr 0! #/rg/&al l.aanlar daran&%lan%&all7n zr/nl/l/7/ i"!ri&ind! l/.&aldr2 An '!#ild! .d!rnd!0l!%in %). a$$ !%%i#l!ri d! #/rg/&aldr %$l/ #n/%%an, $li& %!'#ila%na#adar (!lirl!n.i' (ir i&%i#a.!%%! a$landrl.'lardr2 O hald! #/rg/ lannl/.&/zlan.a& n!d!ndirZ B/na "al'.a (a7la.nda 0!r!(il!3!7i.iz !n &arihan%, az 1n3! (ah&!%%i7i.iz /l/&5d!0l!% /r%%a'l7 0! (/n/n %). h/#/#i0!"h!l!rinin, a'nan /l/&5d!0l!%l! (irli#%! /l/&all7n i%ir.!&i 0! in!/#arda d!7inildi7i )z!r! .!#an&zla'.a&dr2

M!#4n&zla'.a#, (/rada (ir i&%i&%aa "ar$ara#, 1zn!nin # l/'/na.ani l.a#%adr #i da in! /#arda (ah&!dil!n 0! Ca&%!ll&-in 9r.)la&n/"!r"!0!&ind! :.)l#i!%in #)r!&!ll!'.!&i, %!#nl>inin !&n!#li7i 0! agnl7,

.!dann 1z!r#li7i 0! agnl7; Ca&%!ll&, QGGV TGP lara# 1z!%l!n!(il!3!#li&%!d! )")n3) &!"!n!7in ani .!dann (ir '!#ild! 0arl7 !%ra9nda.)l#&)zl)7)n! "ar! ara.a#%adr2 M!da 1zg)rl)7) #i (/rada &&al .!daPd! (/rada g!l!n!#&!l i#%idar5(ilgi %!#!lini #rara#, =azar ili'#il!rinin n!ga%i9!%#il!rini (ir '!#ild! hal#a il!%.i' l.a#%adr2 Di7!r %ara9%an i&! &!r.a! il! i"i"! g!".i' .!da /n&/rlar ha(!r a7larn #/llan.a#%adr2 8/% (ir r/.la,i#i .!da %)r) ara&nda#i (/ 9ar#, !r!l &!r.a!nin "#arnn, #)r!&!l &!r.a!ara"larn3a g1r.!zd!n g!lin!(il!3!7i 0! #)r!&!l (ilgi &i&%!.l!rinin ri!!dil.!!3!7in! d1n)# (ir "#ar 9ar#lla'.a&nn da g1&%!r!ni l.a#%adr2 !zi&)r!3ind!n "#ar%%7.z la& (ir d!r& d!, (ir!in &!r.a! a$lar ara&nda#i

(/ &nrdan (ir '!#ild! &rlara# #!ndi 1zn!li7in! d1n.!&i la(ilir2 An3a# (/d1n)' il# !ld! :#!n% .!r#!zl!rind!, !7i%i.li, al%!rna%i9 g1r)'l!r! a"#&!"#inl!rin a'ad7 !rl!rd!; Ca&%!ll&, QGGV TGTP, g!r"!#l!'.i'%ir2 K!n%in d!

(/ &)r!"l!rd!#i #/r/3/ 1n!.inin al% "izil.!lidir6 h!. !%#!n h!. d! !dilg!n0arl7la2

a$/l3/- ni%!l!.!&i, g!zi &)r!3ind! !g!.!nin H!g!l!n (ir anla.da!9!ndi5#1l! dial!#%i7ini #/rg/lad7 (ir &1l!. lara# #ar'.za "#% 0!l/.l/ 0! l/.&/z anla.larla &ia&al lan il! &ia&al alan r%a&nda (ir n1%r


18/20

alan ara%%2 a$/l3/- ni%!l!ndir.!&ini g!n!l (ir #&/ll/# %an. lara#alr&a#, n/n an za.anda $li& .)dahal!&in! .az/r #al.a&n da in!H!g!l!n 0! an za.anda !r#!n 0! g!" li(!ral $li& %an. i"ind! .)l#i!%!0! &&al g)0!nli7! %!h%id /n&/r/ l/'/nda ara.a# la&dr2 !r!#"!&i i&!

:!ni' (ir in&an 7n (!lli (ir a'a. &%andardnn al%na d)'%)7)nd![222\ (ir #i.&!nin #!ndi&ini #!ndi !l!.i 0! "al'.a&la aa#%a %/%.a&ndan#ana#lanan ha#, ()%)nl)# 0! n/r d/g/lar #a(l/r2 B/ d/r/., (iraa#%a#.nn ara%l.a&na l a"ar [222\ #&/ll/# %!# (a'na in&anlaraa#%a#. &!0i!&in! indirg!.!z, aa#%a#. &ad!3! #&/ll/#la ili'#ili (ir.iza" )z!rind!n, z!ngin!, %$l/.a, 1n!%i.! 0(2 #ar' i"&!l (ir i&an

%ara9ndan ara%lr; N!3l!/&, QG G i"ind! H!g!lPB/ d)zl!.d! d)')n)ld)7)nd! $li& il! "a$/l3/larn #ar' #ar'a

g!l.!&ind!#i .)l#i!% %/%/3/l/7/ anla'la(ilir2 Daha& $ia&a i'l!i'in! dair,)3r!%li !.!7in d!n!%i.i 0! !nid!n )r!%i.i .ana&nda !zi !l!.3il!rininara%a(il!3!7i )r!%i. d)z!i #rlganl7nn 1n)n! g!"il.!&i d! (ir g)0!nli#alg& &n/3/nda izl!n!(ilir2

!zi &)r!3ind! 1n!%i. a"&ndan #ar'.zda d/ran '!, %!.&ili!%in ani&)r!#li lara# !nid!n &/n/lan- 1n!%i'i.- .!0h/./n/n r!dd!dili'i 0!al%!rna%i9 (ir 1n!%i'i.in d!n!.!&idir2 )n#) 1n!%&!l g!l!n!# i"!ri&ind!hi!rar'i 0! ara"&all# %a(iri 3aiz&! g!n!%i# 1z!lli#l!rdir ar3a :ara"&alla'.a5hi!ra'i#l!'.!, .)3ad!l!nin g)3)n)n azal%l.a&dr [222\ #i an za.anda (/,

haa%lar.zn 0! (!nli#l!ri.izin d! hi!rar'i#l!'.!&idir; Hlla,QGGX Q5P2 !zid! r!dd!dil!n (/ .!0h/., .d!rn 0! g!l!n!#&!lin i" i"! g!"%i7i 0!Ar%idi-nin n!5$$)li&% 0! n!5#r$ra%i&% (il!'i.d! r/.lad7 Ardi%i, QGGFXP (a 1n!%&!lli7! d! %!#a()l !%.!#%!dir2 Li(!raliz.in #& lara#ni%!l!di7i '!, d!.#ra&il!rin $$)li&% (ir i#na il! 1z!lli#l! .)l#&)z #i%l!l!ri&i&%!.in "!$!rin! !n%!gr! !%.!&idir 0! (/ da gid!r!# (ir d!.#ra&i#ara#%!ri&%i7i halin! g!l.!#%!dir Ardi%i, QGG FX5GFP2 La#in %!.&il !dil!(il!na da #!ndini %!.&il !d!nl! an r!&i.d! g1r!n il! g1r.!!n ara&nda#i ar#na&l #a$ana3a#%rZ B/ da +)r#i!-nin &al% $ia&a id!all!ri !rin! d!.#ra%i#

(ir ha#i#a% ara'na giri'.!&i la&l7nda a%.a#%adr #i !zi-nin (ir di7!r17r!%i&i d! (/ la(ilir2

KAYNAK%AAL=MAN, =la% 82 QGP :K!n%in War#&na E'li# E%.!# %iraz, &an, Dir!ni' , $+(9.D+>.., A7/&%& z!l 8a, &25QGQ

ARD+, B!n>a.in QGGP Li(!raliz.in Klarnda 8ia&!%, &%an(/l M!%i& anlar2

BORA+A


19/20

h%%$??2&!ndi#a2rg?QG?GX?h!r5!r5%a#&i.5h!r5!r5dir!ni&5(/5i&3i5&ini9inin5%arih&!l5zl!.i5lan5&inir&iz5dla&iz5d!.#ra&i53agri&idir5#r#/%5(ra%a0?GV2G2QGP

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