yota.vn huong dan su dung latex (nhap mon)

iLi m u

Xin cho !

Chc mng bn n vi th gii ca nhng ngi yu TEX.

C bao gi bn, (mt gio vin ton lu nm, hay ch l mt tn sinh vin tonva chp chng bc chn vo trng i hc, hay gin n hn, ch l mt ngiyu ton . . . ) thc mc, mong mun son tho mt vn bn theo ng phong cchc trng ca dn ton? khao kht c tip cn vi nhng ngun ti liu tonhc mi nht ang lu hnh trn mng Internet?Nu tng c ao iu , cn chn ch g m khng tham gia vo cng ngnhng ngi Vit yu TEX nh chng ti?

gip bn trong bui u lm quen vi TEX, chng ti xin cung cp chobn tp ti liu Hng dn s dng LATEX (nhp mn) . Vi ti liu ny,bn s d dng tip cn vi TEX hn (thm ch nu dng quen th cn thy TEXd dng hn c MS Word, nht l i vi dn ton nh chng ta!).

ii Li m u

MC LC iii

Mc lc

Li m u i

1 Gii thiu v LATEX 1

2 Ci t LATEX 3

2.1 Ci t MiKTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2 Ci t WinEdt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.3 Ci t h tr ting Vit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.3.1 Ci t gi urwvn v vntex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.3.2 Ci font tcvfix11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.3.3 Hin th ting Vit trong MiKTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Cc bc son tho vn bn bng LATEX 11

4 Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex) 15

4.1 Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.2 Cch trnh by mt ti liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.3 V d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5 Cc k t c bit 19

6 Xung hng v ngt trang 21

6.1 Ngt dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6.2 Ngt on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6.3 Ngt trang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

7 Khong trng 29

7.1 Khong trng ngang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.2 Khong trng dc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

iv MC LC

8 T chc mt ti liu 338.1 i vi lp ti liu dng article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.2 i vi lp ti liu dng book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

9 Thay i kiu ch 37

10 Thay i kch thc ch 41

11 Thay i mu ch 43

12 Chnh v tr on vn bn 47

13 Mi trng lit k 5113.1 Mi trng itemize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5113.2 Mi trng enumerate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5213.3 Mi trng description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5313.4 Kt hp cc mi trng lit k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5313.5 Lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

14 Mi trng trch dn v cc ghi ch 55

15 Vn bn nhiu ct 59

16 Mi trng bng 6116.1 Mi trng longtable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6216.2 Thit lp mi trng bng (longtable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6216.3 V d v mi trng bng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

17 Mi trng ton hc 6717.1 Mi trng ton hc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6717.2 Mt s lnh k hiu ton hc thng dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6817.3 Mt s v d tham kho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6917.4 TEXaide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

18 Chn hnh nh 7518.1 C bn v lnh \includegraphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7518.2 Lnh \includegraphics v tu chn scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7618.3 Lnh \includegraphics v tu chn width, height . . . . . . . . 7718.4 Gi lnh lscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Ti liu tham kho 81

1Chng 1

Gii thiu v LATEX

Nm 1977, nh ton hc ngi M D.E. Knuth thit k ra TEX nhm phc vnhu cu son tho cc ti liu ton hc vi cht lng bn in cao.

Hin nay, TEX pht trin trn phm vi ton th gii. Nhng ngi hc ton,nhng nh in sch, tp ch ton ni ting, hng u trn th gii u dng TEXlm tiu chun ch bn. Khng nhng th, ngy nay, ch nhng ti liu ton cson tho bng TEX mi c lu hnh ph bin trn mng

1.Ngy nay, c rt nhiu phng n v xut m rng TEX, chng ta c th

k n:

AMSTEX: tc gi l M.Spivak, ph bin M

LATEX: tc gi l L.Lamport, ph bin Chu uC rt nhiu l do chng ta s dng LATEX:

LATEX h tr ti a cho vic son tho cc ti liu ton hc hay rng hn lcc ti liu k thut.

Cht lng bn in bng LATEX rt cao. C th c c cc ti liu son bi LATEX trn nn tng nhiu h iuhnh khc nhau vi cc nh dng khng thay i.

Cu trc v mi trng trong LATEX rt sng sa, d hiu v ngi dng cth to ra nhng lnh ring cho mnh.

Nhng chng trnh nh l cng c ton hc Maple, Mathematica u cungcp cc chuyn i sang LATEX.

1Tuy rng, chng ta c th son tho c cc ti liu ton bng MS Word vi s gip ca MathType nhng nhng ti liu ny khng c ph bin trn mng Internet do kch thcqu ln.

2 Gii thiu v LATEX

Ngoi ra, qun l TEXtt hn, chng ta c th s dng cc phn mm sau:MiKTeX, PcTeX32, TeX for Linux,. . .

3Chng 2

Ci t LATEX

Mc tiu: Tin hnh ci t chng trnh LATEX vo my tnh v thit lp cc htr ting Vit trong son tho bng LATEX.

Sau khi c c da chng trnh LATEX, cc bn c th tin hnh ci t theohng dn nu sau y. Vic ci t LATEX bao gm cc cng on chnh sau y:

Bc 1: Ci t MiKTeX

Bc 2: Ci t WinEdt

Bc 3: Ci t h tr ting Vit

2.1 Ci t MiKTeX

1. Thc thi tp tin ci t setup.exe trong th mc MiKTeX1

1Th mc MiKTeX ny c th thay i tu theo da chng trnh ci t m bn mua c.Tuy nhin, bn c th s dng chc nng Search ca Windows tm kim.

4 Ci t LATEX

2. Tip theo cc bn chn Next.

hp thoi tip theo cc bn chn mc Install ci t LATEX t da CD.

2.2 Ci t WinEdt 5

3. hp thoi tip theo, cc bn la chn mc ci t2

4. Cc bn tip tc chn Next cho cc bc sau v MiKTeX s t a ra ccla chn ph hp vi h thng.

2.2 Ci t WinEdt

1. Thc thi tp tin ci t winedt53 trong da3

2. Cc bn tip tc chn Next cho cc bc sau

2Nu chn Small th tm thi c th tit kim c dung lng cng nhng sau ny s khbt tin v thiu cc gi cn phi ci thm. Do , theo ti bn nn ci mc Total

3C th s dng chc nng Search ca Windows tm kim ng dn ca tp tin ny.

6 Ci t LATEX

2.3 Ci t h tr ting Vit

2.3.1 Ci t gi urwvn v vntex

Ch : Bc ny khng phi thc hin nu bn chn ch ci t l Total

1. Gi thc thi MiKTeX OptionStart Programes Files MiKTeX MiKTeX Option

2. Chn tab Packages ri nh du chn 2 gi urwvn v vntex trong mcLanguage Support Vietnamese

2.3 Ci t h tr ting Vit 7

3. Nhn OK hon tt vic ci thm hai gi urwvn v vntex

2.3.2 Ci font tcvfix11

Chp (Copy) fife4 tcvfix11 vo th mc C: \ WINDOWS \ Fonts

2.3.3 Hin th ting Vit trong MiKTeX

1. Trong chng trnh g ting Vit (UniKey, Vietkey,. . . ) cc bn chn Bngm VISCII

4C th s dng chc nng Search ca Windows tm kim ng dn ca tp tin ny.

8 Ci t LATEX

2. Khi ng WinEdt t nt Start5

5Sau ny, khi mun khi ng LATEX cc bn cng thc hin thao tc ny.

2.3 Ci t h tr ting Vit 9

3. Trong WinEdt, chn:Options Preferences Font

4. Sau , sa li font ch l Fixedsys VISCII 1.1

Nh vy, cc bn hon tt vic ci t LATEX6.

6Ngoi ra, xem c cc ti liu c son tho bng LATEX, cc bn cn phi ci tthm chng trnh Acrobat Reader ( c sn trong da ci t).

10 Ci t LATEX

11

Chng 3

Cc bc son tho vn bn bngLATEX

Mc tiu: Bit c cc bc tin hnh son tho vn bn bng LATEX.

Hn khi c bi vit ny th chng ti tin rng cc bn cng c t nhiu hiubit v MS Word. Vi MS Word th ngi son tho c th tng tc trc tip vivn bn ang son tho v h thy ngay kt qu nh dng. iu ny cho phph c th to ra c nhng vn bn p mt v mt m thut, tuy nhin h likhng th m bo c s thng nht trong vic trnh by vn bn. LATEX khcphc c yu km ny bng cch yu cu ngi son tho nh ngha cu trclogic ca vn bn thng qua mt lot lnh c ci ln vo trong vn bn. Sau, LATEX s bin dch tp tin vn bn (.tex) va c thnh tp tin m ngi sontho c th xem c (.pdf) vi cch trnh by tt nht1.

Cc bc thc hin

d hiu hn qu trnh son tho vn bn bng LATEX, chng ta xt v d sauy:

1. Khi ng LATEX2 ri th nhp vo cc dng sau3 to, son tho file dng

.tex:

1y l im khc bit ln gia LATEX-mt chng trnh bin dch v MS Word-mt chngtrnh son tho theo kiu What you see is what you get.

2Nhn vo nt Start WinEdt3 ngha cc dng ny s c gii thch trong phn sau ca ti liu.

12 Cc bc son tho vn bn bng LATEX

Hnh 3.1: Qu trnh son tho bng LATEX

2. Nhn vo nt tin hnh bin dch. LATEX s yu cu lu li file didng .tex

13

3. Sau , LATEX s bin dch file .tex thnh file dng .pdf

4. Chng ta s nhn c file dng .pdf c th xem v in n c.

14 Cc bc son tho vn bn bng LATEX

15

Chng 4

Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn(.tex)

Mc tiu: Bit c cch son tho mt tp tin vn bn (.tex) 1 theo ng cutrc logic ca LATEX.

4.1 Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex)

Khi LATEX tin hnh bin dch mt tp tin (.tex), n i hi tp tin ny phi cson tho theo mt cu trc logic c chng trnh qui nh trc. Cu trcny c m t nh sau:

Mi tp tin (.tex) c chia thnh hai phn chnh:

Phn m u: Mi tp tin (.tex) c bt u bng lnh

\documentclass{...}

Vi lnh ny (km theo cc thng s v tu chn 2), cc bn xc nh cchtrnh by ca vn bn m mnh mun son tho.Ngoi ra, bn c th tng cng sc mnh ca LATEX bng cch s dngcc gi lnh thm vo cc tnh nng m rng khng c sn trong LATEXthng qua lnh \usepackage{...}

Phn thn: Phn thn c m u bng lnh:

\begin{document}

1Chng ta cn c th gi y l cc tp tin ngun hay cc tp tin d liu vo.2Cc yu t ny s c ni c th hn trong phn sau ca ti liu.

16 Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex)

\documentclass{...}

\usepackage{...} Phn m u

. . .

\begin{document}

. . .

. . .

. . . Phn thn

. . .

. . .

\end{document}

Hnh 4.1: Cu trc mt vn bn LATEX

Tip theo bn tin hnh nhp ni dung ca vn bn m bn mun in ra.Sau khi nhp xong, bn kt thc bng lnh:

\end{document}

4.2 Cch trnh by mt ti liu

quy nh cch trnh by mt ti liu, cc bn s dng lnh3

\documentclass[tu chn]{lp vn bn}

trong phn m u ca tp tin (.tex)Trong lnh \documentclass , chng ta c th s dng cc ty chn4 sau:

3Trong ti liu ny, chng ti tm quy c cc phn ch mu trong lnh s c thay thbng phn ch mu xanh khi chng ta s dng lnh ny trong son tho.

4Cc tu chn c ngn cch nhau bi du phy

4.2 Cch trnh by mt ti liu 17

Kch thc font ch ca vn bn5: 10pt, 11pt, 12pt.

C giy: a4paper, a5paper, letterpaper, . . .

Dng 1 mt giy (oneside) hay 2 mt giy (twoside).. . .

LATEX cung cp cho chng ta mt s lp vn bn nh:

article dnh cho cc bi bo, bo co ngn, . . .

report dnh cho cc bo co di gm nhiu chng

book dnh cho cc quyn sch

slides dnh cho vic trnh din. . .

Ngoi ra, m rng thm kh nng ca LATEX, chng ta c th khai bo bsung thm mt gi lnh mi vo cc gi lnh c sn ca LATEX bng cch sdng lnh:

\usepackage[ty chn]{gi lnh}

Sau y chng ti lit k mt s gi lnh tng i cn thit:

vietnam gip g ting Vit trong LATEX 6.

longtable gip son tho cc bng biu (c th ko di nhiu trang).

multicol gip son tho cc vn bn nhiu ct.

lscape gip son tho cc vn bn theo chiu ngang trang giy.

latexsym, amssymb gip son tho cc k hiu, font ch ton hc.. . .

5LATEX ch cho khai bo 3 kch thc ch ny, do nu cc bn khng nhp hoc nhp kchthc khc th LATEX s hiu kch thc l 10pt. yu cu thay i kch thc mt s ch cla chn, chng ta cn s dng lnh v kch thc (s c cp n trong phn sau ca tiliu).

6Gi ny s c chng ta s dng rt thng xuyn.

18 Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex)

4.3 V d

Trong v d di y7, chng ti s trnh by vic son tho mt vn bn vi kchthc ch 12pt trn kh giy a4 theo kiu bi bo (article) bng ting Vit (sdng gi vietnam).

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{vietnam}

\begin{document}

Ti ang hc v cu trc mt vn bn.

\end{document}

7Cc bn hy t mnh to file (.tex) c ni dung l v d ny ri bin dch thnh file (.pdf)nh hng dn phn trc xem kt qu.

19

Chng 5

Cc k t c bit

Mc tiu: Bit c cc k t c bit (khng th nhp nh bnh thng) vcch nhp chng vo vn bn.

Khc vi MS Word, c th nhp vo mt k t bt k trn bn phm, LATEX cmt s nhng k t c bit, nhng k t ny khng th c nhp vo mt cchbnh thng nh nhng k t khc1. Bng 5.1 sau y s cho bit cc k t cbit v cch nhp chng vo vn bn.

K t c bit Cch nhp \~{}# \#$ \$% \% \^{}& \&_ \_{ \{} \}| $|$\ $\backslash$

Bng 5.1: Cc k t c bit

1Nu nhp cc k t c bit ny mt cch trc tip th qua bc bin dch, LATEX s bo lihoc thc hin mt s iu khng nh d nh ca chng ta.

20 Cc k t c bit

21

Chng 6

Xung hng v ngt trang

Mc tiu: Bit cch s dng lnh ngt dng, ngt on, ngt trang.

u tin, chng ta hy xt v d sau1:

Kt qu sau khi bin dch, chng ta c:

1Cc bn c th t mnh nhp file (.tex) ny ri bin dch xem kt qu.

22 Xung hng v ngt trang

Tip theo, chng ta hy xt mt v d khc:

Kt qu sau khi bin dch, chng ta c:

6.1 Ngt dng 23

Qua hai v d ny, c th thy i vi LATEX, chng ta khng th xung hngbng cch dng phm ENTER.

6.1 Ngt dng

Ty trng hp m cc bn c th s dng 1 trong 2 kiu ngt dng sau:

1. xung dng (m dng tip theo s khng tht u dng), chng ta sdng lnh \newline hoc nhp vo \\

2. xung dng (m dng tip theo s tht u dng), chng ta nhn phmENTER hai ln

Xt v d sau2:

2Cc bn nn son tho mt v d tng t ri bin dch xem kt qu ca cc lnh xunghng.


Sau khi bin dch, ta c kt qu sau:

6.2 Ngt on 25

6.2 Ngt on

Khi mun sang mt mi, chng ta tin hnh ngt on3 bng cch nhp vo \\ri nhn ENTER hai ln.

Chng ta xt v d sau:

3Ngt on khc vi ngt dng. Khi ngt on, chng ta thng to ra mt dng trng giahai on nhm th hin vic chuyn sang cp mt mi.

6.3 Ngt trang 27

6.3 Ngt trang

Khi vn bn vn cha ht trang nhng cc bn li mun sang mt trang mi thchng ta c th p LATEX ngt trang bng cch s dng lnh \newpage

29

Chng 7

Khong trng

Mc tiu: Bit cch s dng cc lnh v khong trng (ngang v dc) iuchnh vn bn theo mun c nhn.

hiu hn v khong trng trong LATEX, chng ta hy cng xt v d sauy:

Sau khi bin dch file (.tex) trn ta c file (.pdf) nh sau:

Qua v d trn, ta c th thy c rng trong LATEX, nhiu khong trng lintip cng ch c xem l mt khong trng.

30 Khong trng

7.1 Khong trng ngang

LATEX cung cp cho chng ta nhiu lnh cho php thm vo vn bn cc khongtrng ngang, v d nh cc lnh trong bng 7.1 sau:

Lnh Kch c khong trng\ | |\quad | |\qquad | |

Bng 7.1: Cc lnh v khong trng ngang

Vi cc lnh trong bng 7.1, chng ta ch c th nh c cc khong trngngang theo kch c c quy nh trc. iu ny kh bt tin khi phi thchin nhng khong trng ln, gii quyt iu ny, LATEX cung cp cho chngta mt lnh v khong trng ngang rt hu ch:

\hspace{kch thc khong trng ngang}

Lnh ny cho php chng ta nh ra cc khong trng ngang theo kch thc1

tu .V d2:

Ti ang \quad tin hnh \qquad nghin cu v \hspace{0.5in}

khong trng \hspace{5mm} ngang.

Kt qu ca on lnh trn s l dng ch sau:

1Kch thc khong trng c th c tnh theo nhiu n v, v d: in , cm , mm , . . .2Cc bn c th nhp on lnh ny vo 1 file (.tex) ri tin hnh bin dch xem kt qu

vic thc hin cc lnh v khong trng ngang

7.2 Khong trng dc 31

7.2 Khong trng dc

i vi khong trng dc th lnh thng dng nht l:

\vspace{kch thc khong trng dc}

Lnh ny tng t nh lnh \hspace nhng c tc dng theo chiu dc.Ngoi ra, cc bn cng c th s dng cu trc lnh sau:

\\[kch thc khong trng dc]

V d:

Sau khi bin dch, cc bn s nhn c kt qu sau:

32 Khong trng

33

Chng 8

T chc mt ti liu

Mc tiu: Bit cch t chc mt ti liu ln (hay vn bn) thnh cc phn,chng, mc, . . .

i vi mt ti liu di1, ni dung phong ph th chng ta cn phi chia vnbn thnh nhiu phn khc nhau, trong mi phn li chia thnh cc chng,trong mi chng li chia thnh cc mc ln, trong mc ln li c cc mcnh khc,. . . iu ny gip cho ti liu son tho th hin tnh h thng, logic, dhiu v r rng hn.

8.1 i vi lp ti liu dng article

Vi cc ti liu dng article th lnh chia cc mc2 s theo th t t ln nnh nh sau:

\section{. . .}

\subsection{. . .}

\subsubsection{. . .}

\paragraph{. . .}

\subparagraph{. . .}

hiu r hn v v vic chia cc mc, cc bn hy quan st v d3 sau:

1Nht l i vi lp ti liu dng book2Vic nh s cng nh kch thc font ch cc mc s do LATEX quy nh sao cho hp

nhn nht i vi ngi c.3Ni dung son tho trong v d ny trch t sch Logic ton ca cc tc gi Nguyn c

ng, Nguyn Vn Vnh. Do ni dung v d hi di nn cc bn c th gi nguyn cu trc mc trong v d ny ri thay bng mt ni dung khc. Sau khi nhp ni dung ny vo mt file(.tex), bn hy th bin dch xem kt qu.

34 T chc mt ti liu

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}


\begin{document}

\section{Gii thiu v logic hc}

Trong cc lp lun hng ngy v ni ring l cc chng minh ton

hc, chng ta rt ra mt kt lun t nhng iu cho nh vic s

dng cc quy lut t duy. Ni cc khc, l vic s dng cc

phng tin ca logic hc: Khoa hc v cc quy lut v cc hnh

thc ca t duy.

\section{Lch s logic hc}

\subsection{Logic hc v Aristote}

Ngi khi xng l thuyt logic, v sng lp ra logic hnh thc

l nh trit hc c Hy Lp Aristote; Logic hnh thc nghin cu

cc hnh thc suy lun ca con ngi khi gt b mi ni dung c

th ca cc suy lun ny, n tm kin cu tr li cho mt vn

ln: Chng ta , ang v s lp lun nh th no?

\subsection{Logic hc v phng php ca khoa hc ton hc}

Logic hnh thc ca Aristote c nghin cu, pht trin, b sung,

thay i v hon thin dn dn trong sut nhiu th k bi cc nh

trit hc thuc nhiu trng phi khc nhau. Tuy nhin, khoa hc

logic ch thc s pht trin khi sc vo th k 19: Khi trong

logic hc hnh thc, ngi ta p dng cc phng php ca khoa hc

ton hc.

\subsection{Logic ton}

Do vic p dng cc phng php ca ton hc vo logic hnh thc,

a n s xut hin ca logic ton.

\end{document}

Ngoi ra, nu v mt l do no m bn khng mun LATEX nh s mcth bn c th thm k t * vo sau cc lnh trn. V d sau s gip cc bn dhnh dung hn:



\begin{document}

8.2 i vi lp ti liu dng book 35

\section{Gii thiu v logic hc}

\section{Lch s logic hc}

\subsection{Logic hc v Aristote}

\subsection*{Logic hc v phng php ca khoa hc ton hc}

\subsection{Logic ton}

\end{document}

Sau khi bin dch , chng ta nhn c kt qu sau:

8.2 i vi lp ti liu dng book

Cc mc ca lp ti liu book c phn thnh cc cp bc4 vi nhng lnhsau:

\part{. . .}

\chapter{. . .}

\section{. . .}

\subsection{. . .}

\subsubsection{. . .}

\paragraph{. . .}

\subparagraph{. . .}

4Lp ti liu book c thm hai cp bc trn cng l phn (part) v chng (chapter).

36 T chc mt ti liu

Da vo cc mc ny, LATEX c th to ra bng mc lc bng cch trch lyphn ta ca cc mc v v tr trang ca chng thng qua ln bin dch cuicng5. Lnh

\tableofcontents

s hin th ni dung bng mc lc ngay ti v tr n c chn vo.

5C th cc bn phi bin dch nhiu ln (2 3 ln) th mi c c bn mc lc hon chnh.

37

Chng 9

Thay i kiu ch

Mc tiu: Bit cch s dng cc kiu ch khc nhau (in m, in nghing, . . . )trong vn bn nhm gy s ch ca ngi c.

u tin, chng ta hy xt mt cu theo kiu ch bnh thng nh sau:

Chng ta c th tin hnh in m nhng ch m ta mun bng lnh\textbf{. . .}. V d:

Ti ang nghin cu v cc \textbf{kiu ch}

Sau khi bin dch, ta c kt qu:

38 Thay i kiu ch

Tip theo, chng ta c th tin hnh in nghing bng lnh \emph{. . .}.V d:

Ti ang nghin cu \emph{v cc} \textbf{kiu ch}


Chng ta cng c th s dng kiu ch nh my bng lnh \texttt{. . .}.V d:

Ti ang \texttt{nghin cu}\emph{ v cc }\textbf{kiu ch}


Ngoi ra chng ta cng c th s dng kiu ch khng chn bng lnh\textsf{. . .}. V d:

Ti \textsf{ang} \texttt{nghin cu} \emph{v cc} \textbf{kiu

ch}


39

Chng ta cng c th phi hp cc kiu ch khc nhau nh trong v d sau:

\textbf{\emph{Ti}} \textsf{ang} \texttt{nghin cu} \emph{v

cc} \textbf{kiu ch}


Mt s lu v cc kiu ch:1. Khi son tho bng MS Word, ngi ta thng hay c thi quen gch chn

nhng cm t cn ch . Tuy nhin ngi son tho bng LATEX rt hn chs dng vic gch chn m thng dng kiu ch in m hoc in nghing.

2. Nu cc bn khng thuc lnh th WinEdt cung cp cho chng ta 1 cng ctr gip tng t nh MS Word l cc nt lnh: u tin, cc bn cnt en phn ch cn thay i (Dng phm Shift + phm mi tn hoc c th

dng chut nh trong MS Word) sau s dng cc nt lnh: in

m, in nghing, in kiu ch nh my.

40 Thay i kiu ch

41

Chng 10

Thay i kch thc ch

Mc tiu: Bit cch iu chnh kch thc ch trong vn bn son tho bngLATEX.

Trong bi Cu trc mt tp tin vn bn (.tex), chng ta bit rng: vi ccthng s ca lnh \documentclass trong phn m u ca tp tin (.tex), ta cth quy nh kch thc ch trong ton vn bn. Tuy nhin, iu ny li kh bttin v LATEX ch c 3 kch thc chun l 10pt, 11pt, 12pt; do , iu chnhkch thc ch theo mun, ta c th s dng cc lnh1 trong bng 10.1.

Lnh Kch thc ch\tiny Ton hc

\scriptsize Ton hc

\footnotesize Ton hc\small Ton hc\normalsize Ton hc

\large Ton hc

\Large Ton hc

\LARGE Ton hc

\huge Ton hc\Huge Ton hc

Bng 10.1: Bng lnh cc kch thc ch

1Ngi s dng LATEX thng dng kch thc chun (10pt, 11pt, 12pt) i vi ton vn bn,sau mi s dng cc lnh iu khin kch thc ch i vi mt nhm ch cn iu chnhkch thc.

42 Thay i kch thc ch

Cch s dng lnh iu chnh kch thc c s khc bit so vi cc lnh thngthng khc. V d:

{\tiny Ti} ang {\large tin hnh} {\huge thay i} {\Large kch

thc} {\footnotesize ch}

Sau khi bin dch, ta nhn c kt qu sau:

Ngoi ra, cc bn cng c th kt hp lnh iu chnh kch thc vi cc lnhthay i kiu ch hc. V d:

\textbf{Ti} ang {\Huge \textbf{nghin cu}} v {\LARGE

\textbf{\emph{kch thc}}} {\scriptsize \texttt{ch}}

Sau khi bin dch, ta nhn c kt qu sau:

43

Chng 11

Thay i mu ch

Mc tiu: Bit cch thay i mu ch trong vn bn.

Trong khi son tho vn bn, v nhiu l do (mun to s ch , hoc nhnmnh, hay lm vn bn thm sng ng, . . . ), ngi ta c th tin hnh thay imu ch theo mun.

tin hnh thay i mu ch, u tin, cc bn cn khai bo vic s dnggi lnh \usepackage{color}. Tip theo, cc bn t en phn ch cn i mu(Dng phm Shift + phm mi tn hoc c th dng chut nh trong MS Word),

sau s dng nt lnh1 .

Tip theo, LATEX s cung cp cho bn mt bng mu chn la.

1Cc bn c th nhp trc tip lnh i mu ch; Tuy nhin, iu ny kh bt tin v bnphi thuc rt nhiu cc lnh mu khc nhau. Do , cch kh thi nht l s dng nt lnh mWinEdt cung cp.

44 Thay i mu ch

Sau khi chn mu, bn nhn OK LATEX t nhp lnh vo vn bn.

V d:



\usepackage{color}

\begin{document}

Ti \textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{tin hnh} thay i

\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,1.00,0.00}{mu}

\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.50,0.50}{ch}

\end{document}


Ngoi ra, chng ta cng c th kt hp lnh thay i mu vi cc lnh thayi kiu ch, kch thc ch hc. V d:

45



\usepackage{color}

\begin{document}

Ti ang \textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{\textbf{nghin cu}} v

thay i \textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.50,1.00}{\huge mu ch} trong

\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,1.00,0.50}{\emph{\footnotesize vn bn}}

\end{document}


46 Thay i mu ch

47

Chng 12

Chnh v tr on vn bn

Mc tiu: Bit cch iu chnh v tr mt on vn bn: canh tri, canh gia,canh phi.

u tin, chng ta hy xt mt on ngn vn bn sau:

Ti ang nghin cu v cch iu chnh on vn bn.\\

Ti bt u y!

Nh cc bn thy trong v d trn, khi chng ta nhp on vn bn vo,LATEXs nhp on vn bn l tri trang giy. Tuy nhin, khi son tho vn bn, trongmt s trng hp, chng ta cn iu chnh v tr on vn bn cho ph hp vi

48 Chnh v tr on vn bn

mc ch son tho. thc hin iu ny, chng ta cn s dng cc mi trng.Cc loi mi trng c cu trc lnh nh sau:

\begin{ tn mi trng}. . .\end{ tn mi trng}Cc mi trng dng iu chnh v tr on vn bn gm c:

1. Mi trng canh tri:

\begin{flushleft}

. . .

\end{flushleft}

2. Mi trng canh gia:

\begin{center}

. . .

\end{center}

3. Mi trng canh phi:

\begin{flushright}

. . .

\end{flushright}

d hnh dung hn, chng ta hy xt v d sau:



\begin{document}

\begin{center}

Ti ang nghin cu v canh gia.\\

Tht kh khn!

\end{center}

49

\begin{flushleft}

Ti ang nghin cu v canh tri.\\

C v d hn ri!

\end{flushleft}

\begin{flushright}

Ti ang nghin cu v canh phi.\\

Tht d dng!

\end{flushright}

\end{document}


50 Chnh v tr on vn bn

51

Chng 13

Mi trng lit k

Mc tiu: Bit cch s dng mi trng lit k son tho cc loi danh schkhc nhau (nh s, khng nh s, m t,. . . ).

Trong bi ny, chng ta s cp m mt cng c thng c s dng khison tho cc vn bn, l danh sch. LATEX cung cp cho chng ta 3 loi danhsch (tng ng vi 3 loi mi trng):

itemize: y l danh sch khng nh s, thch hp khi cn lit k cc mcm khng cn quan tm n th t.

enumerate: y l danh sch c nh s, thch hp khi cn lit k cc mcc lin quan n th t.

description: y l danh sch thch hp khi cn m t cc mc trong danhsch lit k.

Sau y, cc bn hy quan st nhng on lnh v d sau hiu r hn vcch s dng cc mi trng lit k (cch son tho cc danh sch).

13.1 Mi trng itemize

Chng ta hy cng quan st on lnh sau1:

Trong i sng hng ngy, ngoi ng thng, ng trn, ta cn

thy cc ng khc na:

1Ni dung son tho trong v d ny trch t sch gio khoa Hnh hc 10 (th im) [TrnVn Ho, Nguyn Mng Hy, Nguyn Vn onh, Trn c Huyn]. Tuy nhin, cc bn cng cth t ngh v son tho ra cc on lnh tng t (ch thay i ni dung son tho!)

52 Mi trng lit k

\begin{itemize}

\item Tia nc t vi phun cng vin l ng parabol.

\item Quan st mt nc trong cc nc nm nghing, ta thy

ng m ta s gi l elip.

\item Nhn bng ca n ng in trn tng ta c th thy ng

m ta s gi l hypebol.

\end{itemize}

Sau khi bin dch, ta c ni dung sau:

Trong i sng hng ngy, ngoi ng thng, ng trn, ta cn thy ccng khc na:

Tia nc t vi phun cng vin l ng parabol. Quan st mt nc trong cc nc nm nghing, ta thy ng m ta s gil elip.

Nhn bng ca n ng in trn tng ta c th thy ng m ta s gi lhypebol.

13.2 Mi trng enumerate

Chng ta hy cng quan st on lnh sau:2

Nhng kh khn m hc sinh phi ng u khi hc v vect:

\begin{enumerate}

\item Kh khn trong vic vt ra khi s thng tr ca m

hnh mtric xem xt mt hnh hc c nh hng.

\item Khi vt ra khi nh hng ca m hnh mtric th li

c kh khn trong vic chim lnh hai c trng nh hng ca

vect.

\item Kh khn trong vic hiu bn cht kp i s - hnh hc

ca cc php ton vect.

\end{enumerate}


Nhng kh khn m hc sinh phi ng u khi hc v vect:

2Ni dung ca v d c trch t Sch Phng php dy - hc hnh hc trng trung hcph thng ca tc gi L Th Hoi Chu

13.3 Mi trng description 53

1. Kh khn trong vic vt ra khi s thng tr ca m hnh mtric xemxt mt hnh hc c nh hng.

2. Khi vt ra khi nh hng ca m hnh mtric th li c kh khn trongvic chim lnh hai c trng nh hng ca vect.

3. Kh khn trong vic hiu bn cht kp i s - hnh hc ca cc php tonvect.

13.3 Mi trng description

Chng ta hy cng quan st on lnh sau:

Gi e l tm sai ca conic (C). Khi , ta c 3 trng hp sau:

\begin{description}

\item[Trng hp 1: e1] (C) l hypebol.

\end{description}


Gi e l tm sai ca conic (C). Khi , ta c 3 trng hp sau:

Trng hp 1: e1 (C) l hypebol.

13.4 Kt hp cc mi trng lit k

Chng ta hy cng quan st on lnh sau:

a s cc khi nim trng ph thng thng c dy hc theo

hai tin trnh sau:

\begin{enumerate}

\item Tin trnh: i tng ---> Cng c

\begin{itemize}

\item Con ng quy np

\item Con ng suy din

\end{itemize}

54 Mi trng lit k

\item Tin trnh: Cng c ---> i tng ---> Cng c

\end{enumerate}


a s cc khi nim trng ph thng thng c dy hc theo hai tintrnh sau:

1. Tin trnh: i tng > Cng c

Con ng quy np Con ng suy din

2. Tin trnh: Cng c > i tng > Cng c

13.5 Lu

i vi ngi dng cha thuc lnh ca cc mi trng lit k th WinEdt cungcp cho chng ta mt cng c tr gip rt hu ch sau:

Trn thanh menu, cc bn chn mc Insert Lists ri la chn cc mitrng lit k m WinEdt cung cp sn.

55

Chng 14

Mi trng trch dn v cc ghich

Mc tiu: Bit cch son tho cc on trch dn v ghi ch trong vn bn.

Khi son tho cc ti liu khoa hc, i khi chng ta cn tin hnh trch dnmt phn ni dung ca cc ti liu khc hoc kin, cu ni ca ngi khc. thc hin iu ny, LATEX cung cp cho chng ta mi trng quote:

\begin{quote}

. . . . . . .

\end{quote}

Ngoi ra, ngi s dng LATEX cng thng hay thc hin vic ch thch trongkhi son tho. Vic ch thch c thc hin vi lnh

\footnote{ni dung cn ch thch}

ti v tr m ta mun ch thch, khi , LATEX s t ng nh s ti v tr cnch thch v ghi ni dung cn ch thch vo cui trang vn bn.

Chng ta hy xem xt v d sau hiu r hn.

Quan im s phm hin i v dy hc ton ang c p dng trong

nhiu nc l:\footnote{Trch t Sch Phng php dy hc mn ton

trng ph thng (Cc tnh hung dy hc in hnh) ca tc gi

L Vn Tin.}

\begin{quote}

Tp trung dy hc ton trn hot ng ca hc sinh. Chnh hc sinh

t mnh xy dng cc kin thc ton hc thng qua hot ng gii

56 Mi trng trch dn v cc ghi ch

cc bi ton. Hc ton l hc nu ln, hc trnh by v hc gii

quyt cc bi ton; hc xem xt li cc bi ton di nh sng ca

nhng cng c l thuyt ny sinh t chnh nhu cu gii quyt cc

vn .

\end{quote}

Sau khi bin dch, chng ta s nhn c ni dung trang sau y:

57

Quan im s phm hin i v dy hc ton ang c p dng trong nhiunc l:1

Tp trung dy hc ton trn hot ng ca hc sinh. Chnh hc sinht mnh xy dng cc kin thc ton hc thng qua hot ng gii ccbi ton. Hc ton l hc nu ln, hc trnh by v hc gii quyt ccbi ton; hc xem xt li cc bi ton di nh sng ca nhng cngc l thuyt ny sinh t chnh nhu cu gii quyt cc vn .

1Trch t Sch Phng php dy hc mn ton trng ph thng (Cc tnh hung dy hcin hnh) ca tc gi L Vn Tin.

58 Mi trng trch dn v cc ghi ch

59

Chng 15

Vn bn nhiu ct

Mc tiu: Bit cch son tho vn bn theo dng c chia thnh nhiu ct.

Khi c bo, chng ta thng thy vn bn c trnh by thnh nhiu ct,iu ny em li cho chng ta mt s li ch nh: tn dng ti a din tch mtgiy, gip ngi c mi mt, . . .

thc hin iu ny, LATEX cung cp cho chng ta gi lnh multicol (rthu dng khi phi son cc vn bn nhiu ct).

Cch s dng gi lnh ny rt n gin! u tin, chng ta khai bo vic sdng gi lnh multicol bng lnh:

\usepackage{multicol}

Sau , khi cn son tho on vn bn nhiu ct no, chng ta ch cn s dngmi trng:

\begin{multicols}{s ct}. . . . . . .

\end{multicols}

Ngoi ra, gi lnh multicol cn cung cp mt s lnh h tr iu chnhvic trnh by cc ct nh:1

\columnsep=kch thcLnh ny gip iu chnh khong cch gia hai ct.

1Cc lnh ny phi c t trc dng lnh \begin{multicols} v c tc dng cho tt c ccmi trng multicol sau n, nu mun thay i, ta phi thit lp li cc gi tr ny.

60 Vn bn nhiu ct

\columnseprule=kch thcLnh ny gip k mt ng thng nm gia hai ct vi dy ty .

hiu r hn cch s dng gi lnh multicol, chng ta hy xem xt v dsau:2



\usepackage{multicol}

\begin{document}

\columnsep=20pt

\columnseprule=0.4pt

\begin{multicols}{2}

Quan im s phm hin i v dy hc ton ang c p dng trong

nhiu nc l:

Tp trung dy hc ton trn hot ng ca hc sinh. Chnh hc sinh

t mnh xy dng cc kin thc ton hc thng qua hot ng gii

cc bi ton. Hc ton l hc nu ln, hc trnh by v hc gii

quyt cc bi ton; hc xem xt li cc bi ton di nh sng ca

nhng cng c l thuyt ny sinh t chnh nhu cu gii quyt cc

vn .

\end{multicols}

\end{document}

Sau khi bin dch, chng ta c kt qu sau:

Quan im s phm hin i vdy hc ton ang c p dng trongnhiu nc l:

Tp trung dy hc ton trn hotng ca hc sinh. Chnh hc sinh tmnh xy dng cc kin thc ton hc

thng qua hot ng gii cc bi ton.Hc ton l hc nu ln, hc trnh byv hc gii quyt cc bi ton; hc xemxt li cc bi ton di nh sng canhng cng c l thuyt ny sinh tchnh nhu cu gii quyt cc vn .

2Trch t Sch Phng php dy hc mn ton trng ph thng (Cc tnh hung dy hcin hnh) ca tc gi L Vn Tin.

61

Chng 16

Mi trng bng

Mc tiu: Bit cch son tho cc loi bng biu trong vn bn.

Mt trong nhng i tng m chng ta thng hay gp l vic son thocc bng. Cng dng ca cc bng gip cho vic th hin d liu d nhn, d hiuv c h thng hn.

son tho cc bng, LATEXcung cp cho chng ta kh nhiu mi trngbng nh: tabular 1, longtable, supertabular,. . . Tuy nhin, qua nhiu ln s dng,chng ti ngh cc bn nn s dng longtable 2

Trc tin, chng ta hy xt mt v d nh sau y. Tip theo, chng ti s giithch r hn v cch s dng lnh thit lp mi trng bng.

\begin{longtable}{|l|c|c|}

\hline

H v tn & im ton & im vn \\

\hline

Nguyn Th M Hnh & 10 & 7 \\

Lng Hong Sao Mai & 7 & 6 \\

L Phan Phng Ngc & 8 & 6 \\

Nguyn Khi Nguyn & 9 & 8 \\

\hline

\caption{Bng im ca hc sinh}

\end{longtable}

1y l mi trng bng c bn nht nhng li kh bt tin do ch c th son tho ccc bng nh trong 1 trang

2Mi trng bng ny kh hiu qu, cho php son cc bng ln, ko di nhiu trang. Trongphn ti liu ny, chng ti ch gii thiu ch yu l longtable, cn cc mi trng bng khcth s dng tng t.

62 Mi trng bng


H v tn im ton im vn

Nguyn Th M Hnh 10 7Lng Hong Sao Mai 7 6L Phan Phng Ngc 8 6Nguyn Khi Nguyn 9 8

Bng 16.1: Bng im ca hc sinh

16.1 Mi trng longtable

s dng mi trng longtable, chng ta cn khai bo vic s dng gi lnhlongtable:

\usepackage{longtable}

Sau , tin hnh son tho bng vi cu trc lnh:

\begin{longtable}[ v tr bng ]{ cu trc cc ct }

. . .

\caption{tn bng}\end{longtable}

16.2 Thit lp mi trng bng (longtable)

V tr bng Chng ta nhp cc gi tr t, b, c vo phn v tr bng iu chnhv tr ca bng trn, di, gia trang giy . Nu chng ta b qua viciu chnh ny th LATEX s t ng sp xp bng vo v tr m theo n lp nht trong trang vn bng.3

Cu trc cc ct Trong phn cu trc cc ct ny, chng ta s nhp vo k t| phn cch cc ct vi nhau 4. Ngoi ra, trong tng ct, chng ta c th

3y l mt iu kh khc bit vi MS Word. LATEX s khng t vn bn vo tr tr m ta d nh khi son tho trn file .tex m s iu chnh v tr ca bng sao cho tt nht. iuny i khi lm chng ta thy khng quen, tuy nhin y li l cch son tho kh ph bintrn th gii. Nu mun bng xut hin ti v tr m ta d nh trong file .tex cc bn c ths dng gi tr h

4Chng ta cng c th s dng cc k t khc phn cch cc ct bng lnh @{k t}

16.3 V d v mi trng bng 63

xc nh v tr ca d liu trong ct (canh l ct) bng cc gi tr l, r, ctng ng vi cc v tr tri (left), phi (right), gia (center). Chng ta cnc th iu chnh c rng ca ct vi lnh p{ rng}

Cu trc cc hng Chng ta nhp ln lt ni dung ca tng hng trong bng.Khi mun chuyn sang ct k bn ca bng, ta s dng k t & v khi ht 1 dng, ta nhp vo \\ xung dng di.

ng k ngang k ng gch ngang chng ta s dng lnh \hline. kng gch ngang t ct i n ct j, chng ta s dng lnh \cline{ i - j }

Kt hp ct V nhng l do nht nh, i khi mt s dng no , ta limun xo b ng gch phn cch ct trong khi cc dng khc, ta vnmun gi li ng phn cch ct theo ng cu trc nh ban u, khi, ta cn thc hin vic kt hp cc ct khc nhau li thnh mt ct. Khi ta s dng lnh\multicolumn{ s ct }{ canh l ct } { ni dung ct }

16.3 V d v mi trng bng

Chng ta hy cng quan st on lnh sau:5

\begin{longtable}{||p{5cm}|c|c|r||}

\hline

H v tn

&

\multicolumn{2}{c|}{im s}

&

Trung bnh

5Trong v d ny, d quan st cc d liu trong bng nn chng ti xung dnghi b nhiu nhng chng ti vn m bo ng cu trc ca mi trng bng (file .tex vnbin dch c). Cc bn cng c th bt chc theo phong cch son tho ny; c bit lkhi phi son tho cc bng ln, phc tp th cch son tho ny s gip cc bn d kim sotd liu trong bng hn.

64 Mi trng bng

\\

\cline{2-3}

Hc sinh lp 10A8

&

im ton

&

im vn

&

\\

\hline

Nguyn Th M Hnh

&

10

&

7

&

8,5

\\

\hline

Lng Hong Sao Mai

16.3 V d v mi trng bng 65

&

7

&

6

&

6,5

\\

\hline

\caption{im s ca hc sinh}


H v tn im s Trung bnh

Hc sinh lp 10A8 im ton im vn

Nguyn Th M Hnh 10 7 8,5

Lng Hong Sao Mai 7 6 6,5

Bng 16.2: im s ca hc sinh

66 Mi trng bng

67

Chng 17

Mi trng ton hc

Mc tiu: Bit cch son tho cc cng thc ton hc.

Trong phn ny, chng ti s cp n mt vn m ngi hc ton nocng gp phi, l vic son tho cc cng thc ton hc.

Trong LATEX, son tho cc cng thc ton hc1, chng ta cn nhp cc

lnh k hiu ton hc trong mi trng ton hc.

17.1 Mi trng ton hc

LATEX cung cp cho ngi s dng 2 loi mi trng ton:

1. Mi trng ton trn cng dng vn bn: Cch s dng nh sau:$vn bn ton hc$hoc$vn bn ton hc$

2. Mi trng ton trn mt dng ring: Cch s dng nh sau:$$vn bn ton hc$$hoc\[vn bn ton hc\]

Chng ta hy th quan st v d sau thy r s khc bit gia hai mitrng ton ny.

1Son tho cc cng thc ton hc l u th mnh ca LATEX.

68 Mi trng ton hc

Vi mi tam gic ABC, ta c: $a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos{A}$

Vi mi tam gic ABC, ta c: $$a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos{A}$$


Vi mi tam gic ABC, ta c: a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cosAVi mi tam gic ABC, ta c:

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cosA

17.2 Mt s lnh k hiu ton hc thng dng

Lnh Cng dng V d Bin dch

^{...} S m x^{2005} x2005

_{...} Ch s di a_{2005} a2005\sqrt{...} Cn bc 2 \sqrt{2005}

2005

\sqrt[...]{...} Cn bc n \sqrt[n]{2005} n2005

\frac{...}{...} Phn s \frac{x}{2005} x2005

\Rightarrow Suy ra \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow Tng ng \Leftrightarrow

Bng 17.1: Mt s lnh k hiu ton hc thng dng

Bng trn y ch mi gii thiu mt s lnh thng dng dng khi son tho cccng thc ton hc. Nu mun s dng nhng k hiu ton hc khc, cc bn cth s dng mt cng c tr gip rt hu ch ca WinEdt: Nhn vo biu tng , LATEX s cung cp cho cc bn mt bng nhng biu tng k hiu ton hc,bn cn k hiu ton hc no th nhn vo biu tng . Khi , LATEX s cungcp cho cc bn lnh ng vi k hiu ton hc .2

Cng c ny ca WinEdt gip cc bn son tho c rt nhiu k hiu tonhc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, mt s k hiu trong i hi phi ci t cc gi mrng (package). Do an ton, chng ti ngh cc bn khi son tho cccng thc ton hc nn ci t thm mt s gi sau y:

2Bng cch ny, cc bn c th son tho c rt nhiu cng thc ton hc khc nhau. Tuynhin, bn cng khng nn qu lm dng tnh nng ny!Bn ch nn s dng tnh nng ny i vi nhng k hiu ton hc mi, sau khi bit lnh,

bn c th hc thuc n s dng cho nhng ln sau, nh vy, bn mi c th son tho nhanhcc cng thc ton trong vn bn.

17.3 Mt s v d tham kho 69

\usepackage{latexsym,amsfonts,amssymb,amsmath}

17.3 Mt s v d tham kho

V d 1

$$\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\vec{0}$$

GA+

GB +

GC = ~0

Phn tch v d: son tho cc k hiu vect c th s dng 2 loi lnh:\vec{...} (i vi cc vect c k hiu bng 1 ch ci) v \overrightarrow{...}(i vi cc vect k hiu bng 2 ch ci, ch r im u v im cui).

V d 2

$$F(x)=\int\limits_{u(x)}^{v(x)}{f(t)dt}$$

70 Mi trng ton hc

F (x) =

v(x)u(x)

f(t)dt

Phn tch v d:

son tho k hiu tch phn n gin ( ), chng ta c th s dng lnh\int. Ngoi ra, son tho cc k hiu tch phn phc tp hn, ta c ths dng cc lnh sau: \iint

( ), \iiint

( ), \oint

( ),. . .

son tho cc cn trn, cn di (nm ngay bn trn, bn di ca khiu tch phn), chng ta khng th ch n gin s dng lnh ^, _ m phikm theo lnh \limits ri mi s dng cc k hiu ch s trn (^), ch sdi (_).

V d 3

$$f(x_o)=\lim\limits_{t \to 0}{\displaystyle\frac{f(x_o+t) -

f(x_o)}{t}}$$

f (xo) = limt0

f(xo + t) f(xo)t

Phn tch v d: Lnh \displaystyle c tc dng gi nguyn kch thcca phn s (hay cn thc). r hn, cc bn c th quan st v d sau:

1\frac{2}{3} 123

1\displaystyle\frac{2}{3} 12

3

V d 4

$$\lim\limits_{x \to x_o}{f(x)} = a \in \mathbb{R}

\Leftrightarrow \forall \varepsilon , \exists \delta >0: \forall

x\in I , 0

17.3 Mt s v d tham kho 71

son tho cc k hiu v logic, chng ta c th s dng cc lnh sau:\forall (), \exists (), \vee (), \wedge (),. . .

son tho cc k hiu v tp hp, chng ta c th s dng cc lnh sau:\in (), \subset (), \cap (), \cup (), \emptyset (),. . .

son tho k hiu cc tp hp s, chng ta s dng lnh \mathbb{...}

V d 5

$$f(x)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}

{\displaystyle\frac{f^{(k)}(x_o)}{k!}(x-x_o)^k} + o(|x-x_o|^n)$$

f(x) =n

k=0

f (k)(xo)

k!(x xo)k + o(|x xo|n)

Phn tch v d: son tho cc k hiu tng, tch, chng ta s dng hailnh sau: \sum (

), \prod (

),. . .

V d 6

$$D=\begin{array}{|c c c c|}

a_1 & x & \ldots & x \\

x & a_2 & \ldots & x \\

\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\

x & x & \ldots & a_n \\

\end{array}$$

D =

a1 x . . . xx a2 . . . x...

.... . .

...x x . . . an

Phn tch v d:

son tho nhng cng thc ton hc b chia thnh nhiu dng, cc bnc th s dng mi trng array. Cch s dng mi trng ny tng tnh mi trng bng hc.3

3Cch lm ny rt hu ch khi phi son tho cc nh thc, cc ma trn, cc h phngtrnh, . . .

72 Mi trng ton hc

son tho du ba chm, cc bn khng nn nhp trc tip du ba chmm hy s dng cc lnh v du ba chm m LATEX cung cp. LATEX cnhiu loi lnh v du ba chm nh \ldots (. . .), \cdots ( ), \vdots(...

), \ddots

(. . .

). 4

V d 7

$$\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}{\left[x-x^2\ln\left(1+

\displaystyle\frac{1}{x}\right)\right]}$$

limx

[x x2 ln

(1 +

1

x

)]Phn tch v d: cc cng thc ton hc p mt. Khi phi g cc du

ngoc trong cng thc ton, cc bn nn s dng km vi lnh \left v \rightnh trong v d trn. Cc lnh ny c cng dng iu chnh kch thc ca dungoc cho ph hp vi kch thc ca cc k hiu ton hc bn trong du ngoc.

V d 8

$$f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}

\sqrt[5]{x} & \text{ nu } x\leq 0 \\

\sin{x} & \text{ nu } x>0 \\

\end{array}\right.$$

f(x) =

{5x nu x 0

sin x nu x > 0

Phn tch v d:

son tho hm s cho bi nhiu cng thc, chng ta s dng mi trngarray nh ni trn. Tuy nhin, chng ta cn ch trong v d ny, mitrng array c t nm gia 2 lnh \left\{ v \right. (Cc bn ch: du chm cui lnh \right)

Khi son cc cng thc ton hc, i lc, cc bn buc phi son tho ccdng ch trong mi trng ton hc. thc hin iu ny, cc bn phis dng lnh \text{...}.

4Trong , thng c s dng nht l ldots. Lnh ny c th c s dng khi son thovn bn bnh thng m khng cn g 2 du $.

17.4 TEXaide 73

17.4 TEXaide

Qua cc v d trn5, hn nhiu bn s lo rng mnh s khng th son c nhngcng thc ton qu phc tp mc d WinEdt cung cp cng c h tr qua biutng 6.

khc phc iu ny, chng ti s gii thiu vi cc bn phn mm TEXaide.Cch s dng phn mm ny hon ton tng t nh MathType: Sau khi khing TEXaide, bn tin hnh son tho cng thc ton ging nh trong MathType,Sau t en v Copy (Ctrl+C) ri dn (Ctrl+V) vo file .tex. Khi , TEXaides t ng chuyn cng thc m bn va son thnh on lnh tng ng vi n. 7

Hnh 17.1: Giao din phn mm TEXaide

Cc bn c th ti min ph phn mm ny ti a ch www.dessci.com hocwww.mathtype.com

5Khi nhn nhng cng thc ton c vit di dng cc lnh, hn nhiu bn s thy qukhng khip!. Tuy nhin khi cc bn quen vi vic son tho cc cng thc ton bng LATEX,cc bn s thy vic ny khng qu kh nh cc bn tng ban u. Thm ch khi dng quenth c th g nhanh hn c khi dng MathType son tho cng thc ton trn MS Word.

6Cng c h tr ny ca WinEdt ch gip son cc k hiu ton hc ri rc ch cha h trc lc cho vic phi hp cc k hiu ton hc vi nhau.

7Cc bn ch nn s dng cch ny i vi nhng cng thc qu kh, qu phc tp. i vinhng cng thc n gin, c th g c th nn g trc tip tit kim thi gian son tho.

74 Mi trng ton hc

75

Chng 18

Chn hnh nh

Mc tiu: Bit cch chn cc file nh vo ti liu son tho.

Trong khi son tho vn bn, nhiu lc chng ta c nhu cu cn chn mt filenh vo ti liu hoc cn nhng hnh v1 trong ti liu ang son tho, khi ny,chng ta c th ci thm gi graphicx:

\usepackage{graphicx}

s dng lnh

\includegraphics{tn file nh}.

Mt s lu :

1. Tn ca file nh khng c khong trng.

2. File nh phi c lu tr vi nh dng .jpg hoc .png 2

3. File nh phi c lu cng th mc vi file .tex ang son tho.

18.1 C bn v lnh \includegraphics

hiu r hn, chng ta hy xt v d sau:

\includegraphics{ktt}

1 v hnh trong LATEX, c th s dng Metapost nhng kh phc tp, do cc bn c thv hnh bng mt phn mm khc ri lu li thnh file nh.

2Nu file nh c lu vi cc nh dng khc (.bmp, .gif, . . . ) c th s dng mt s phnmm khc (v d nh ACDSee) chuyn v nh dng .jpg, .png

76 Chn hnh nh

t tn cho hnh, ta c th s dng mi trng figure nh trong v dsau:

\begin{figure}

\begin{center}

\includegraphics{ktt}

\end{center}

\caption{Mt biu tng v Khoa Ton - Tin hc}

\end{figure}

Hnh 18.1: Mt biu tng v Khoa Ton - Tin hc

18.2 Lnh \includegraphics v tu chn scale

iu chnh t l hnh, chng ta dng km ty chn scale vi lnh \includegraphicsnh trong cc v d sau:

V d 1: Thu nh hnh

\includegraphics[scale=.6]{Hinh1_Chuong18}

18.3 Lnh \includegraphics v tu chn width, height 77

V d 2: Phng to hnh

\includegraphics[scale=2]{Hinh1_Chuong18}

18.3 Lnh \includegraphics v tu chn width,

height

iu chnh kch thc hnh theo mun, chng ta dng km ty chn width,height v keepaspectratio vi lnh \includegraphics nh trong cc v d sau:

V d 1: Chnh kch thc hnh: chiu di 4cm, chiu rng 3,5cm.

\includegraphics[width=4cm,height=3.5cm]{Hinh1_Chuong18}

V d 2: Chnh kch thc hnh v cn i hnh

\includegraphics[width=4cm,height=3.5cm,

keepaspectratio=true]{Hinh1_Chuong18}

78 Chn hnh nh

18.4 Gi lnh lscape

i vi mt s hnh nh qu ln (chim trn c trang giy), chng ta c th sdng gi lscape

\usepackage{lscape}

vi mi trng landscape quay ngang trang giy3 nh trong v d sau:

\begin{landscape}

\begin{figure}

\begin{center}

\includegraphics[scale=.7]{Hinh2_Chuong18}

\end{center}

\caption{M hnh trng i hc S Phm TP.HCM trong tng lai}

\end{figure}

\end{landscape}

3Cch ny cng c th s dng i vi cc bng c kch thc ln.

18.4

Gilnhlscape

79

Hnh 18.2: M hnh trng i hc S Phm TP.HCM trong tng lai

80 Chn hnh nh

TI LIU THAM KHO 81

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nguyn Hu in, Nguyn Minh Tun (2001), LATEX Tra cu v son tho,NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni.

[2] Nguyn Tn Khoa (2003), Ti liu ngn gn gii thiu v LATEX2

yota.vn huong dan su dung latex (nhap mon)

Documents