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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn
Yu cu phn mm
Ni dung ca slide ny da vo cc slides ca Ian Sommerville

Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
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Contents
Yu cu chc nng v yu cu phi chc nng
c t yu cu
Cc quy trnh cng ngh yu cu
Thu thp v phn tch yu cu
Thm nh yu cu
Qun tr yu cu
Ti liu yu cu phn mm

Yu cu l g?
vYu cu (requirement) c nhiu mc M t tru tng mc cao v mt dch v hay
v mt rng buc h thng. c t chi tit v mt chc nng.
vCc yu cu c th c hai chc nng C s thng lng mt hp ng v vy cn c vit mt cch tru tng c th din gii thm;
C s vit hp ng v th cn phi c nh ngha chi tit;
C hai trng hp trn u c gi l yu cu.
3

Cc loi yu cu
vYu cu ngi dng (user requirement) Nhng pht biu bng ngn ng t nhin kt hp vi
cc biu v cc dch v m h thng cung cp v nhng rng buc v hot ng ca n.
Vit cho khch hng. vYu cu h thng (system requirement)
Mt ti liu c cu trc m t chi tit chc nng ca h thng, cc dch v v rng buc v hot ng ca h thng
nh ngha chnh xc ci g cn c ci t. C th l mt phn ca hp ng gia khch hng v ngi nhn thu.
4

Yu cu ngi dng v yu cu h thng
v Yu cu ngi dng 1. H thng MHC-PMS s pht sinh bo co tng kt hng thng v gi c ca thuc c k n bi mi phng khm trong sut thng .
v Yu cu h thng 1.1 Vo ngy lm vic cui cng ca mi thng, xut ra mt bn tm tt cc loi thuc c k n, gi c ca mi loi thuc v tn phng khm k n thuc. 1.2 H thng s t ng sinh ra bo co in sau 17.30 ca ngy lm vic cui cng ca thng. 1.3 Mt bo co s c to ra cho mi phng khm v s lit k tn thuc, tng s n thuc, liu lng, v tng chi ph cho thuc c k n. 1.4 Nu thuc s dng nhiu loi n v khc nhau (v d 10mg, 20ml) th phi tch ring thnh cc bo co khc nhau cho mi n v thuc. 1.5 Vic truy cp vo cc bo co gi thuc ch dnh ring cho mt danh sch hn ch nhng ngi s dng.
5

Ngi c c t yu cu
Client managersSystem end-usersClient engineersContractor managersSystem architects
System end-usersClient engineersSystem architectsSoftware developers
Userrequirements
Systemrequirements
6

Contents
c t yu cu
Thm nh yu cu
Qun tr yu cu
Ti liu yu cu phn mm

vYu cu chc nng Nhng pht biu v cc dch v m h thng cung
cp, cch m h thng x l vi cc u vo c th v cch h thng ng x trong cc tnh hung c th
C th pht biu c nhng g m h thng khng lm c.
vYu cu phi chc nng Nhng rng buc v dch v hay chc nng cung cp
bi h thng nh rng buc v thi gian, rng buc v quy trnh pht trin, cc chun,
Thng p dng cho ton h thng hn l mt chc nng hay dch v n l.
8

Yu cu chc nng
vM t chc nng v dch v h thng. Yu cu chc nng ngi dng c th l nhng
pht biu mc cao v nhng g h thng s lm.
Yu cu chc nng mc h thng m t cc dch v h thng, cc u vo v u ra ca n, cc ngoi l ... mc chi tit.
vPh thuc vo loi phn mm, ngi s dng.
9

Yu cu chc nng cho h thng MHC-PMS
vMt ngi s dng c th tm kim danh sch cc lch hn trong tt c cc phng khm.
vHng ngy, i vi mi phng khm, h thng s t ng to ra mt danh sch cc bnh nhn c hn ngy hm .
vMi nhn vin ca phng khm s dng h thng s c nhn din bi m nhn vin gm c 8 ch s.
10

S thiu chnh xc ca cc yu cu
vVn pht sinh khi yu cu khng c pht biu mt cch chnh xc.
vNhng yu cu nhp nhng khng r rng c th c din gii theo nhiu cch khc nhau bi ngi pht trin phn mm v ngi dng.
vV d, xem xt t tm kim nh ngi dng: tm kim tn mt bnh nhn
trong tt c cc lch hn tt c cc phng khm; Din gii ca ngi pht trin: tm tn mt bnh
nhn mt clinic c th. Ngi dng chn mt phng khm ri tm kim.
11

Tnh hon chnh v nht qun ca yu cu
v V nguyn tc, cc yu cu nn hon chnh v nht qun.
v Hon chnh (complete) Tt c cc dch v m ngi dng yu cu phi c nh ngha.
v Nht qun (consistent) Khng c bt c mu thun hay xung t no trong cc m t v
cc yu cu. v Trn thc t, khng th to ra ti liu cc yu cu
va hon chnh va nht qun c. Rt d mc li hay b st yu cu khi vit c t cho cc h
thng phc tp. Cc stakeholder c cc nhu cu khc nhau v thng khng
nht qun vi nhau.
12

Yu cu phi chc nng
vL nhng yu cu khng lin quan trc tip n nhng dch v m h thng cung cp n ngi dng.
vLin quan n nhng thuc tnh h thng ( tin cy, thi gian tr li v yu cu v mt lu tr) v cc rng buc (kh nng ca thit b vo ra, biu din d liu dng trong cc giao din vi cc h thng khc).
vYu cu phi chc nng c th quan trng hn yu cu chc nng. Nu nhng yu cu ny khng t c, h thng s
tr nn v dng.
13

Ci t yu cu phi chc nng
vYu cu phi chc nng c th nh hng n cu trc ton h thng hn l cc component ring l. V d, m cc yu cu v mt hiu sut, bn phi t chc h
thng gim thiu s giao tip gia cc component.
vMt yu cu phi chc nng n l, chng hn nh yu cu v bo mt, c th pht sinh ra mt s yu cu chc nng lin quan m dch v ca h thng phi c. C th pht sinh cc yu cu gii hn cc yu cu ang tn ti.
14

Phn loi yu cu phi chc nng
vYu cu sn phm Nhng yu cu c t hay rng buc hnh vi ca phn mm.
V d yu cu v hiu nng ca phn mm lin quan n tc thc thi, lng b nh s dng, tin cy, ...
vYu cu t chc Nhng yu cu xut pht t cc chnh sch v th tc v mt
t chc. V d nh yu cu v quy trnh hot ng nh ngha h thng c s dng nh th no, yu cu v quy trnh pht trin c t ngn ng lp trnh, mi trng pht trin v chun v quy trnh c s dng...
vYu cu bn ngoi Nhng yu cu xut pht t nhng nhn t bn ngoi nh
hng n h thng v quy trnh pht trin ca n. V d yu cu v tng tc, yu cu v mt php l, ...
15

Cc loi yu cu phi chc nng
Performancerequirements
Spacerequirements
Usabilityrequirements
Efficiencyrequirements
Dependabilityrequirements
Securityrequirements
Regulatoryrequirements
Ethicalrequirements
Legislativerequirements
Operationalrequirements
Developmentrequirements
Environmentalrequirements
Safety/securityrequirements
Accountingrequirements
Productrequirements
Organizationalrequirements
Externalrequirements
Non-functionalrequirements
16

Yu cu phi chc nng ca h thng MHC-PMS
vYu cu sn phm H thng MHC-PMS s lun hot ng cc phng
khm s dng trong sut gi lm vic (t th 2 n th 6, 8.30 17.30). Thi gian ngng hot ng trong sut gi lm vic s khng vt qu s khng vt qu 5s trong bt k ngy no.
vYu cu t chc Ngi s dng h thng s phi t ng nhp bng th
nhn vin ca h. vYu cu bn ngoi
H thng s ci t cc quy nh v tnh ring t ca bnh nhn.
17

nh gi yu cu phi chc nng
vYu cu phi chc nng kh c th c pht biu mt cch chnh xc Nhng yu cu khng chnh xc kh kim th.
v yu cu phi chc nng c th kim nh c S dng mt php o no c th kim tra c. Din t cc yu cu dng c th kim tra c.
18

V d
vMc tiu: i ng bc s s dng h thng d dng H thng c t chc theo cch no sao cho
li ngi dng l t nht. vYu cu phi chc nng c th kim tra c: i ng bc s s c kh nng s dng c ton
b chc nng ca h thng sau 4h o to. Sau thi gian o to ny, s li trung bnh to ra bi ngi dng c kinh nghim khng vt qu hai li cho mi gi s dng h thng.
19

Tiu ch o c vic c t cc yu cu phi chc nng Property Measure Speed Processed transactions/second
User/event response time Screen refresh time
Size Mbytes Number of ROM chips
Ease of use Training time Number of help frames
Reliability Mean time to failure Probability of unavailability Rate of failure occurrence Availability
Robustness Time to restart after failure Percentage of events causing failure Probability of data corruption on failure
Portability Percentage of target dependent statements Number of target systems
20

Contents
c t yu cu
Thm nh yu cu
Qun tr yu cu
Ti liu yu cu phn mm

c t yu cu
vL quy trnh vit nhng yu cu ngi dng v yu cu h thng vo ti liu yu cu.
vYu cu ngi dng phi c m t sao cho ngi s dng cui v khch hng (nhng ngi khng c kin thc v k thut) c th hiu c.
vYu cu h thng l nhng yu cu chi tit v c th bao gm nhng thng tin v k thut.
vYu cu c th l mt phn ca hp ng. Do vic c t yu cu hon chnh n mc c th l
quan trng.
22

Cc cch vit c t yu cu h thng
Notation Description Natural language sentences
The requirements are written using numbered sentences in natural language. Each sentence should express one requirement.
Structured natural language
The requirements are written in natural language on a standard form or template. Each field provides information about an aspect of the requirement.
Design description languages
This a

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