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영 남 대 학 교YE

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Medical Materials Medical Materials for the Next Millenniumfor the Next Millennium

Sukyoung KimSukyoung Kim

Yeungnam UniversityYeungnam University

Metallurgy & Materials EngineeringMetallurgy & Materials Engineering

What Happen During the 21th Century ?

Death

OldOld

IllnessIllness

InjuryInjury

LifeLife


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The Aged = Needs of Biomaterials

15.9

69.4

14.5

14.7

68.1

17.2

14.3

66.1

19.6

14.3

65

20.7

14.3

63.6

22

14.2

60.6

25.2

13.7

59.5

26.9

13.1

59.5

27.4

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

< 일본의 향후 인구비율 >

고령인구의 증가율 (7%->14%)스웨덴 85 년영 국 45 년일 본 24 년한 국 ? 년

65 세 이상 ( 노년인구 )

15∼65 세

0∼14 세 ( 소년인구 )

( 일본 국세도회 2000/2001)

고령인구증가

질병발생빈도증가


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Life Span & Quality by Medical Treatment

Life Span50 80

LifeQuality

과거 현재 21 세기

치료의학

예방의학 재활의학 산업적효과


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Year

Market Size(billion $)

World Market Size of Biomaterials

• 연평균 성장률 15% • 2000 년도부터는 예측한 값 ( 미국 , DATAMONITOR, Inc., 조사자료 )


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Applications of Biomaterials

재건장치 50%

기타 10%척추 이식재 6%

외상 관련 14%

연 조직 관련 10% 관절내시경 및 스포츠약품 10%

☞ 최근 아시아를 중심으로 수요의 급증으로 세계시장이 15% 안팎의 성장을 보임 (2000 년 2 분기 , Biomet Inc. 조사 )

Current Trend of Bio R&D

• Gene Theraphy - Congenital Deformity/Disease

• Biomaterials - Congenital Deformity/Disease- Postnatal Deformity/Disease

BiomaterialsBiomaterials

Tissue Tissue Engineering Engineering

Grafting

Current R&D Trend of Biomaterials

Natural & Artificial Biomaterials

Tissue/Organ

Scaffold


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Organization of Human Body

Organism

Molecule

Organelle

Cell

Tissue

System

Organ

Atom

Macromolecule

Structure of Human bodyStructure of Human body

BodyBody

SystemSystem

Organ

Tissue

Cell Cell ＋＋ MatrixMatrix

Nervous System 신경 계통

Body Systems

Integumentary System 피부 계통

Skeletal System 골격 계통

Urinary System 비뇨기 계통

Digestive System 소화기 계통

Lymphatic System 림프 계통 / 면역 (Immunity)

Endocrine System 내분비 계통

Respiratory System 호흡기 계통

Cardiovascular System 심장 계통

Reproductive System 생식 계통

Muscular System 근육 계통

Throx & Sternum 흉과과 흉골

Pelvis 골반Vertibra (lumbar part) 헉추 ( 요추 )

Head 두부

Femur 대퇴골

Neck 경부Temporomandibular joint 악관절

Shoulder joint 견관절

Ankle joint 거퇴관절

Elbow joint 주관절

Tibia & Fibula 경골과 비골

Hand (manus) 손Forearm 전완 (antibrachium) Hip joint 고관절

Elbow joint 주관절

Radiocarpal joint 요골수근관절

Foot 발

Arm (brachium) 상완

Shoulder girdle 상지대

Vertibra 척추 ( 경추 )(cervical part)

Intervertibral discs추간원판

Skeletons & Joints (articulations)


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Functions of Bones

• Support : internal framework

• Protection : soft body organs

• Blood cell formation in marrow cavities

• Movement : body with muscle, tendon, ligament

• Storage : fat in cavities of bones Ca, P in bone self

ImplantImplant

Surgical ProcedureSurgical Procedure

InflammationInflammation

Normal Wound HealingNormal Wound Healing Chronic IrritationChronic Irritation

HealingHealing Implant RemovalImplant Removalor Destructionor Destruction


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Why Increase the Use of Biomaterials ?

• Increase old ages• Increase of the wounded by war/accident• Health insurance • Pursuit of better quality of life• Development of new biomaterials

& medical technology

Why Use the Artificial Biomaterials ?

(problems of the use of natural materials)

• Shortage of natural biomaterials• High cost• Immunologic reactions• Possible viral transmission

• Social and ethical problems

Hyroxyapatite, CaHyroxyapatite, Ca1010(PO(PO44))66(OH)(OH)22

Main component of bone Main component of bone and tooth mineralsand tooth minerals Ca/P ratio : 1.67Ca/P ratio : 1.67

Excellent biocompatibilityExcellent biocompatibility

Chemically similar to bonChemically similar to bon

ee ~ 97 wt % of enamel~ 97 wt % of enamel ~ 69 wt % of cortical bon~ 69 wt % of cortical bonee

InorganicInorganic69 % (HA)69 % (HA)

waterwater 9 %9 %

organicorganic(collage(collagen)n) 22 %22 %

Structure of Long Bone


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Various Forms of HA for Various Forms of HA for ApplicationsApplications

Dental Implants by

Branemark System

Various Porous Coating for ImplantsVarious Porous Coating for Implants

(ref) The biomedical engineering handbook, 683 (1995)

plasma sprayed sintered wire mesh sintered beads

Metallic Bead Coating for ImplantsMetallic Bead Coating for Implants

HA Coating for ImplantsHA Coating for Implants

Comparison Between Comparison Between HA Un-coated & Coated ImplantsHA Un-coated & Coated Implants

S.S.Fibrous tissue Bone

BoneHA Coated S.S.

Bone Bonding to HA-ImplantsBone Bonding to HA-Implants

HA

BM

150 μm

BoneTiimplant


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Ear Prosthesis using Branemark System

Nasal Prosthesis using Branemark System


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Tissue Regeneration Therapy

MonoclonalMonoclonal AntibodiesAntibodies (MAb)(MAb)

Isolation andIsolation andPurificationPurification

Harvest boneHarvest bonemarrowmarrow

MSCsMSCs

MarrowMarrowMesenchymalMesenchymal

Stem Cells (MSCs)Stem Cells (MSCs)

Cryo-PreserveCryo-Preservefor future use Culture-Expanded MSCsCulture-Expanded MSCs

Repopulate marrowRepopulate marrow Push to OsteoblastPush to Osteoblast Push to ChondrocytePush to Chondrocyte

HemapoiesisHemapoiesisSupportSupport

Normal boneNormal boneHomeostasisHomeostasis(Anti-aging)(Anti-aging) MassiveMassive

bone repairbone repair

Repair cartilage Repair cartilage defectdefect

Porous Ceramic Assay

DispersedDispersedMarrowMarrow

DisectDisectPeriosteumPeriosteum

PorousPorousCeramicsCeramics

MSCsMSCs

PassagePassage

SubcutaneousSubcutaneous


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Porous CMP block

Tissue Engineering

• Generation of new tissue substitutes for the replacement & repair

of lost or damaged tissue

Cell + Scaffold = Tissue natural ECM synthetic ECM


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Goal of Tissue Regeneration

(Man-made) (God-made)

by tissue engineering

CellCellSynthetic ECMSynthetic ECM

CellCellNatural ECMNatural ECM

CellCellNatural ECMNatural ECM

Autogenic Autogenic MaterialsMaterials

Tissue EngineeredTissue EngineeredMaterialsMaterials

Osteoconductive MaterialsOsteoconductive Materials - allogenic - allogenic - synthetic - synthetic

++Osteoinductive MaterialsOsteoinductive Materials - - DBMDBM - - BMPBMP

Porous Ceramic Assay

DispersedDispersedMarrowMarrow

DisectDisectPeriosteumPeriosteum

PorousPorousCeramicsCeramics

MSCsMSCs

PassagePassage

SubcutaneousSubcutaneous

인간유전자 구조

염기체

유전자

염색체

세포핵

Genome 관련 용어(Gene + Chromosome)

• 염색체- 유전자를 담고있는 그릇으로 세포의 핵속에 위치- 부계 및 모계로부터 각각 23 개씩 모두 46 개의 염색체

• 유전자- 단백질 합성 등 생체기능을 주관하는 유전정보의 최소단위- 염기체 수천 - 수만개가 하나의 유전자를 형성- 인간에게 모두 약 10 만개의 유전자가 있다

• DNA 염기서열- 인간유전자는 약 30 억개로 네 종류의 염기체가 일정한 순서로 배열 - 유전자를 구성하는 염기체는 아데닌 (A), 구아닌 (G), 시토신 ©, 티민 (T)- 염기서열에 따랄 키와 피부색깔 등 생물학적 특성이 결정 .

• 신약개발 - 백혈병 / 빈혈치료제

• 맞춤 의약품 - 개인유전자 특성에 따른 질병치료약

• 유전자 진단 및 치료 - 잘못된 유전자를 정상유전자로 대체 - 암유전자 4 만개 발견 - 각종 유전질환인자 약 8 – 10 만개

유전자 정보의 상품화

유전자 지도

책 ( 지식 ) 유전자 ( 생명의 비밀 )

한글 자음모음 DNA 염기서열단어 유전자문장 단백질의 기능


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Thank You 감사합니다

yu.ac.krtranslate this pageyu.ac.kr/~khcho/chap11.ppt · 2014-11-06yu.ac.kr

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