zarpanel nutri4
TRANSCRIPT
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MINERALES
Macroelementos: %, estos son Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg y S.
Microelementos: Los más importantes para tener en cuenta son: Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Co, Zn y Se.
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REQUERIMIENTOS
• Interacción
• Minerales en la dieta
• Forma del mineral
• Ca = P, Mg, Fe, I y Mn
• Mo y S = Cu
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ELEMENTO FUENTE % DISPONIBILIDAD
Calcio Harina de hueso al vapor 27 Alta
Carbonato de Calcio 40 Media
Piedra caliza polvo 38,5 Media
Cal dolomita 16,2 Media
Fosfato tricalcico 34 Fosfato monocálcico 16,2 Alta
Fosfato dicálcico 36 Alta
Fósforo Fosfato Cálcico 21 Alta
Fosfato dicálcico 18,5 Media
Fosfato tricálcico 18
Acido fosfórico 25 Alta
Fosfato de Sodio 25 Alta
Fosfato de potasio 22,8
Fosfato de amonio 23,5
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MACROMINERALES
• CALCIO Y FOSFORO: 0,6:1 a 2,5: 1. (2:1)
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• MAGNESIO (Mg): Oxido, carbonato, Sulfato de Mg.
• SODIO (Na): Sal mineral como NaCl
• POTASIO (K): Excitabilidad nerviosa y muscular
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• CLORO (Cl): 20% en plasma sanguíneo. NaCl
• AZUFRE (S): Bacterias ruminales + NNP
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MICROMINERALES • HIERRO (Fe): Re utilizable en un 90%
• COBRE (Cu): Colágeno y la elastina
• ZINC (Zn): Epidermis, el pelo y la lana
• MANGANESO (Mn): Niveles bajos
• YODO (I): Secreción de la tiroides
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MICROMINERALES
• COBALTO (Co): vitamina B12
• SELENIO (Se): Antioxidante + E
• MOLIBDENO (Mo): Flora ruminal
• FLUOR (F): Huesos, dientes, cascos, cuernos, pelo
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REQUERIMEINTOS (NRC) MINERAL VACA 20 Lt VACA 5 Lt VACA SECA NOVILLO 750
Calcio % 0,51 0,33 0,39 0,41
Fósforo % 0,33 0,22 0,24 0,30
Magnesio % 0,20 0,20 0,16 0,16
Potasio % 0,90 0,90 0,65 0,65
Sodio % 0,018 0,018 0,01 0,01
Cloro % 0,025 0,01 0,02 0,02
Azufre % 0,20 0,20 0,16 0,16
Cobalto % 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10
Cobre ppm 10 10 10 10
Hierro ppm 50 50 50 50
Yodo ppm 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60
Manganeso ppm
40 40 40 40
Selenio ppm 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30
Zinc ppm 40 40 40 40
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CERDOS
Mineral Cerdas, Verracos cría Cerdas lactancia Ca (g) 14,2 39,8 P (g) 11,4 31,8 Na (g) 2,8 10,6 Cl (g) 2,3 8,5 Mg (g) 0,8 2,1 K (g) 3,8 10,6 Cu (mg) 9,5 26,5 I (mg) 0,3 0,7 Fe (mg) 152 424 Mn (mg) 19 53 Se (mg) 0,3 0,8 Zn (mg) 95 265 NRC 9a edición
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AVES
PONEDORA
Mineral Inicio (0-6
sem) Crecimiento
(6-12) 12 -22 sem Ponedoras Cría
Ca % 1 0,8 0,8 3,5 3,3
P % 0,45 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4
Na % 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
Cl % 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
K 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4
Mg % 0,06 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05
I ppm 0,35 0,35 0,35 0,35 0,35
Mn ppm 60 35 35 35 50
Fe ppm 80 40 40 45 55
Cu ppm 5 2 2 2 5
Zn ppm 50 35 35 35 55
Se ppm 0,15 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
Scott et all y NRC
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POLLO DE ENGORDE
Mineral 0-2,5 sem 2,5-5 sem 5-7 sem
Ca % 1 0,9 0,8 P % 0,45 0,4 0,4
Na % 0,15 0,15 0,15
Cl % 0,18 0,15 0,15 K 0,4 0,4 0,4
Mg % 0,06 0,05 0,05 I ppm 0,35 0,35 0,35 Mn ppm 60 60 60
Fe ppm 80 80 80
Cu ppm 8 8 8 Zn ppm 50 50 50
Se ppm 0,15 0,15 0,15
Scott et all y NRC
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EQUINOS
Mineral Yegua gestación Lactancia
Ca % 0,45 0,5
P % 0,34 0,34
Mineral Potro desteto Geriátricos
Ca % 0,68 0,68
P % 0,38 0,38
Church 2a edición
Caninos
Mineral Crecimiento-reproducción
Mantenim adultos
Ca % 1 0,6
P % 0,8 0,5
K % 0,6 0,6
Na% 0,3 0,06
Cl % 0,45 0,09
Mg % 0,04 0,04
AAFCO
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MICOTOXINAS
• Perdidas
• Aspergillus, Penicillium y Fusarium sp
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Especies fúngicas Micotoxinas
Aspergillus flavus, A. parasíticus Aflatoxinas
A. ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum y P. cyclopium
Ocratoxinas
Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum y F. poae
Zearalenona
F. culmorum, graminearum y F. sporotrichioides
Deoxinivalenol, vomitoxina
F. Proliferatum y F. verticillioides Fumonisinas
F. Sporotrichioides y F. poae T-2 toxina
F. Sporotrichioides, F. gramiearum y F. poae
Diacetoxyscirpenol
Acremonium coenophialum Alcaloides argóticos
FEDNA 2006
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Desencadenantes
• Temperatura: -3 a 40º C
• pH: 2,0-10
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FEDNA 2006
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Aflatoxinas
• A. flavus y parasíticus
• B1, B2, G1 y G2
• M1 y M2
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Ocratoxina A (OTA)
• A. ochraceus y Penicillium viridicatum
• Vegetales y animales
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Fumonisinas
• Fusarium moniliforme
• FB1, FB2, FB3
• Tricotecenos
• Zearalenona
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MICOTOXICOSIS
FEDNA 2006
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Control
• Estrés vegetal
• Insectos
• Residuos
• Plantas resistentes
• Almacenamiento
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Aluminosilicatos
• Zeolitas, clinoptilolita
• A.S de sodio y calcio hidratados
• Bentonitas naturales
• Montmorillonita
• Carbón activado
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Ensilajes
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Calsamiglia
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PATOLOGIA DE LA NUTRICIÓN
1. METEORISMO INTESTINAL
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2. IMPACTACIÓN INTESTINAL
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3. ACIDOSIS RUMINAL
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4. METEORISMO RUMINAL
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5. CETOSIS
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6. PARESIA PUERPERAL
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7. INTOXICACIÓN POR NITRITOS Y NITRATOS
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8. COLICO EQUINO
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