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, , , . , , . , , , . , . , . , , , , , ( ). , . . . , ; . , , . . , . , . , . , , . , , . . , , . , , , , . status quoa. , . , , , . 12
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? ? ( ). , , , , . . (). - . . () 1993. . 1997. () . , . , , , , , , . , , . , . : .2 . , , . , . . . . , . . . , 2 . : , , , 2005, . 17.
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. , , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , ? 1945. , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , , . . . , , , , , . , , . , , , , . . , . . . , , , . 17
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3 : , , , , , 2003. . 54.
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1. , , , , 1988. 2. , , , 1993. 3. , , , , 1995. 4. , , , , 1996. 5. , , , , 2000. 6. , , , , 1996. 7. , , , , 1990. 8. , , , , , 1994. 9. , , , , 1995. 10. , , , , 1995. 11. , , , , 1997. 12. , - , , , 2002 20
13. , , , , 1988.
HATE SPEECH, BANALITY AND BASENESS HAVE SWAMPED THE PUBLIC SCENE IN BiH AND THEY LEAD TO POLITICAL VIOLENCE
Prof. Duko Vejnovi, Ph. D. Chairman Defendology Center for Security, Sociological and Criminological Research Banja Luka Summary Hate speech will be present as long there is hatred. Hatred cannot be swept under the rug. It has to be resolved in the minds of citizens, it has to be overcome through culture of dialogue and tolerance. However, unfortunately today in BiH the thoughts of a wise man cannot be heard through all the din of the crowd. Today a wise and clever man is not appreciated, but a powerful and impudent one. Rhetoric, hate speech in BiH is trying to establish an improbable BiH that wants to annihilate the BiH we have now. Hate speech is basically anti-communication. Antipode of hatred is tolerance. On the territory of BiH ethno-nationalism is a dominant political ideology, and during the election campaign, which has already started, anti-intellectual atmosphere cannot be created. In politics and political campaign in BiH there are more sermons than political programs. Hate speech, uses language as its means. Key words: hate speech, tolerance, political violence.
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, . 1 , , , . E-mail: [email protected].
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, , . , , . , , . . , . , , . . , , (Lorde, 1984). . , , , . , , , , , , , , , . , . , , . , , .
, (). -, , , . . (OSCE, 2008: 51; FRA, 2008) , 23
. , (OSCE, 2008: 57). , OSCE-a. , . , , , (United States Department of State, 2008). O-a (Doudou Dine, 2007: 13). , . (EUMC)2, . O O-, , , , . , , , . 11. 2001, (OSCE, 2008: 86, United Nations Special Rapporteur, 2006; Levin & Amster, 2007: 332). , 3. , . . , , . , , .
2 (The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia EUMC). Od 15. 2. 2007. (The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights FRA). 3 : , (), , , 15. 2005. , CERD/C/BiH/CO/6, 11 april, 2006. Vidi: United Nations, Committe on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Bosnia and Herzegovina, CERD/C/ BIH/CO/6, 11. April 2006.
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. , , , , , , . , . . , , . , . , , , . . , (Freud, 1979) , , (Allport, 1955; Maslow, 1982). , . ( ) , , , ? , , , , . , . , , , . , , , vs. , , , . () . , , . , , . . : , 25
, , . , : , , , (Perry, 2001: 48). , . . . , - , , , . status quo. , , , . . . (Svendsen, 2006: 122), . , , . , , , . , - : , , , , , (, 1992: 69).
, , . (, 2007). , ? , . . , , , . , 26
. 90- . , , , : , , , , . , , , ; , , , , . [, 1981: 86]4 , , , . , , . , , . , . , (19921995), . , . , , , , , , - , , , (, 2004: 388391). 4 . , , ; () , , ; ; ; ; ; (, 1981: 86).
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, . . , , , 5, , 6, 7, - 8. , . , , . , . , , , . , , . 5 , . , . , , . 6 . , . , . 7 , . 8 - . , , . , . . , , , . , .
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. , , . . , . , . . . , , , . ? , . , , (, 2001: 159) . , , , . , , . , , . , .
1. , . (1981) . : . 2. Allport, G.W. (1955) Becoming: Basic Consideration for a Psychology of Personality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 3. , . (2007) . : , . 2963, 8691. 4. Dine, D,UN special rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, (2007) Racism, Racial discrimination, xenophobia and related forms of intolerance: follow-up to and implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action http:// 29
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14. 15.
www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/6session/reports.htm. Veb sajt poseen 4.11. 2009. , . (1992) . : (.) . : , . 6788. Levin, B., & Amster, S. E. (2007) Making Hate History: Hate Crime and Policing in Americas Most Diverse City, American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 51 No. 2, pp. 319348. Perry, B. (2001) In the Name of Hate: Understanding Hate Crimes. New York: Routledge. Report on the situation of Muslim and Arab peoples in various parts of the world, (2006) United Nations special rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, E/CN.4/2006/17.http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/issues.htm. Veb sajt poseen 6. 11. 2009.Freud, S. (1979) Nelagodnost u kulturi. Novi Sad: Matica srpska. Hate Crimes in the OSCE Region Incidents and Responses, Annual Report for 2007 (2008). 9.Warsaw: OSCE Oce for Democratic Institution and Human Rights (ODIHR). Lorde, A. (1984) Sister Outsider. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press. Maslow, A. (1982) . : . , . (2004) . : . Contemporary Global Anti-Semitism: A Report Provided to the United States Congress, (2008) United States, Department of State. http://www.state.gov/ documents/organization/102301.pdf. Veb sajt poseen 29.10. 2009. Svensen, L. Fr. H. (2006) . : . . (2001) . : .
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THE PARADIGM OF DIFFERENCE WE VS. THEY BETWEEN VIOLENCE AND TOLERANCE
Velibor Lali, .. Defendology Center for Security, Sociological and Criminological Research Banja Luka Summary This paper discusses the paradigm of difference the concept of social separation based on the uncritical perception of self, and others who are culturally different and discrimination, non-tolerance and violence as a result of that perception of reality. Dichotomy of social division on us versus them or us against them can be found in all societies throughout history. Such tribal polarization existed in all types of social structures, from the genus to the tribe, from the nation to the state, to present day. In this paper, the implications of the paradigm of difference in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been briefly presented, with some possible models of its resolution. Key words: hatred, non-tolerance, violence, differences, Bosnia and Herzegovina, tolerance.
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: : , - , , . , . . , . : , , , - . . , , , : , . , , , , , . : , , . , , , , . : 1920. ,
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." (...) , . . , , : , . : (...) , . : , , , ; . , , : . , , , (), : , . , , . , , , . , , . , : , . : , - : . : , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . . XIX , : , , . , , , , , . . , 33
, - , , . , , . , 1865. . , , , . , . , . , , , , , - - . , 1920. , , (...) , (...) . , , , , XIII , . : , 1920. . , , , , (...) (...) , - ( . .). . , . , . , , 1920. (...) , , , , . , , , , . , . , , , , . , 34
, , , : , . , , . , : , , . . , , , , , , , : , , . ( . .). , . , .
HATE SPEECH WILL BE PRESENT AS LONG AS HATRED EXISTS
Predrag Lazarevi Banja Luka Summary Aspirants in the Balkans: Turkey, Austro-Hungary and the Venetians, used the politcs of proselytism to turn Bosnia and Herzegovina into multiethnical country of hatred, which can only be annuled by truth. However, the current Bosnians are not ready to face it. As long there is hatred it is normal that hate speech will be present. So it is vital that this issue is not swept under the rug by malicious people, becuase this would render it even more dangerous.
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: . , , . . , . . , , . , 36
. , . , . , , . , , , , , . , , .1 : ; , , , , , . , . , , .2 , , . , , , . . , , , , . , , , , . , 1 : .. , , , , , 2005, . 157. 2 . , , 3/1984, . 66.
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, . , , . , , , . , , , , .3 , . , , . .4 , , , , . . , , . , .5 , . . , . . , , . , . . . 3 . , , 1/1984, . 21. : . , , , x . 1/2, 1970. 4 . x, , 1/1984, . 201. 5 . x, , . 202.
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. . .6 , , , . . , , . ; , ... , , . . , : , .7 . . . , . . . ; , : , , .8 , . , . , , , . , .9
6 7 8 9
. , , , , 1994, . 85. . , , . 71. . , , , , 2009, . 12-13. . , , 1/1984, . 18.
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. , , . , , . : , , , . 1929. , : . . , ( ); , .10 . , . : , , . . , . . .11 , , , . , x-, , . , , . , . , ; , , . : , , , . ? , , ; .12 , . 10 .. , , , , 1980, . 158. 11 .. y, , , , 2003, . 36. 12 . -, , , , 1995, . 10.
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, . . , , . , , , . , , , . , . . .13 . (, ). , . , - , , . : 1) , . ( ), , , .14 . 2) , , , , . , , .1513 : . , , . XVI, , 1995. 14 . , , , 3/1984, . 17. 15 . , , . 1718.
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3) . . . (, , , .). , .16 . 4) , : , , , . , , . , , , . ; , , . . : , .17 , . . . , , . , , , , . . . . . .18 , .16 : . , , , 1994. 17 . , , . 71. 18 . , , , 12/1970, . 55.
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: 1. , .: . , , 1994. 2. , .: . , , 2009. 3. y, ..: . , , 2003. 4. x, .: . 1/1984. 5. , .: , , 1994. 6. , .: . . X, , 1995. 7. , .: . , 12/1970. 8. , ..: , . , , 2005. 9. -, .: . , , 1995. 10. , .: , 3/1984. 11. , ..: . , , 1980. 12. , .: . , 3/1984.
VIOLENCE AND HATRED AS FORMS OF PATHOLOGICAL NORMALIZATION Prof. Dragan Kokovi, Ph.D. Novi Sad It seems that nature (the more we observe it) consists of hatred; if there were not for hatred we would lose the source of thinking and actions. Life would be like a still water, devoid of dierent human interests and rampant passion that would stir it up. William Hazlitt Summary Violence and hatred are present daily and are the basis of savagery and cruelty of world killers and war destructions. Since it presents a universal social phenomenon which can only be understood interdisciplinary, including the range from biological to humane sciences, the phenomenon of hatred and violence testies to the complexity and dicult understanding of these phenomena. There is nothing strange about the fact that violence and hatred mobilize the whole society. The author of this paper is trying to point out that there are structural similarities with distinctive phenomena in the time we live in between hatred and violence in contemporary society. These are hatred and violence of the time we call the time of emptiness.
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: 3. 2010. . . , . , . : , , , ,
. .1 : (, , , ) 2010. , , 24.02.2010.
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, . , , (, , , .), .14 , . . (97) 20 , , . 10. , . , , , , , . , , , 10. , 10. . , , . 3. (1948) : , , , . .15 , , , , .16 163. , , , . 17, , 162. 14 , ., .. 17. 15 1948., 1950., 1951. 16 , ., . 3. 17 , 49/03
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, . 1. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , . , , 1. 2. , . 41. 1. 2. ( )18 60 :...2. , , , . - 39. 1. 19 2. 1. 4. / , , , , , , , , - . 4. - 20, : (1) : ) , , , ; ) , , , .18 , 10/97 19 , 31/03 20 31. 2008.
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(2) , , . (3) / , /, , . (4) 1.-4. , , / , . , 31. , , 46. 3. , . : ) ; ) ; ) , ; ) 150.000 . , . , 300.000 . , , ; ) ; ) . 1.1 , . , . 1.1 , , , . 7 , 7.1 1 , , 51
: 1) , 2) 3) , . 27. 21 7.2 (2) : , , , , , , , , , . , . 7 , 7.3 (1) : , , , : 7) ; , , , , . 16 . 16.1 , , , . 16.16 (1) , , , . 22 : , , , ,23 16 .21 , 32/10 22 , broj 65/08 23 , 18/05
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80. 19.03.2009. . ( ) (1) 5.000 50.000 500.000 , . (2) 2.500 25.000 100.000 500.000 (1) . (3) 1.000 10.000 100.000 (1) . / !
THE NEED FOR DEFINING AND SANCTIONING MEASURES OF HATE SPEECH IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
Branko Morait, Ph.D. Professor at the Faculty of Law Banja Luka Summary General elections which will be held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on October 3rd 2010 initiated a discussion about regularity of electoral process. Hate speech is a device which was inltrated in electoral process by the recent war which took place in this region. Political, sociological and legal aspect of this phenomenon are dened in this paper. There are eorts to make a distinction between hate speech and private oence and defamation which are more indulgent and socially meaningless forms of amoral, uncultured and illegal behavior of politicians and the media. Key words: hate speech, criminal offence, Electoral Law, insult, defamation
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, , . , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , . : ! , . . XII : , , . , , . , ; , , , . , .11 : ; - , , , 2004, . 450.
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, , , , . , . , , , , ; , , . . , . ( ). , . (1632-1704) (1689-1692) . : , . () - . . . , , .2 , , . . , . , .
2 : , , : : , . , , 2003, . 227.
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(1869-1918), () . : (). . . . . , , . . , .3 . : , , , . , , , . , , . , . , , John Horton.4 , . () . (, , , , ). : , , , , - . , , , , , , , , , , , . . 3 : , . 215. 4 Tolerancija, ideologija, tradicija, asopis Meunarodni forum Bosna, 14/01, Sarajevo
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TOLERANCE - IN THE PAST AND NOW Homo homini homo ( b man to man) (Ernst Bloch)
Prof. Ostoja uki, Ph.D. Faculty of Philosophy University of Banja Luka
Summery Toleranace, in the rst place implies being tolerant and patient towards other peoples opinions, thinking and belief. It, as a high ethnical principle, emphasizes peace, love and cooperation between people, nations and countries. It can be said that tolerance is a harmony of dierence. In our developed civilization tolerance is present in dierent areas (art, religion, politics, international relations, ethics, law) and it is manifested through dierent forms of life and activity. The advocates of tolerance were the Stoics in Greece, Buddhists, Jains and Mahatma Gandhi in India, Voltaire, Locke, contemporary European, Russian and some American philosophers, peaceful and pacist movements and organizations, and other inuential individuals and humanists. Tolerance was not so present in the past, but even our era cannot be called the era of tolerance. There is no tolerance between the three constitutional people of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Muslim government is responsible for that. Key words: tolerance, cooperation, peace, ethics, moral principles, the Stoics, Buddhists, Jains, value, religion, politics, international relations, ecumenism, pacism, communication, humanity, globalization, culture, human rights, democracy, humanism, civilization, hate speech, conicts, wars, unitarianism, honesty, truth, justice.
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: , . . . . , , , . , , . , . , . : , , , , 1 , . : 00387 65 538 500 E-mail: [email protected]
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. demos () kratos (), . , . (384322. ...) (Aristotel, 1960) (, ) ( 1). 1: ( ): . (): . () . (): . (): . () .
1, 2.300 , (publicus) (res). , , (1960, . 136). . . , . . ? , 1991. , . . 65
. . , , , . ( -) . ? , , , , : . , , . , . , . , , . . : . , . , . , ( ), . , ( 1). ? , . , , , . ? : . . . ? , , 66
, . , . ! ? . . 1, , , . . . , , , .
, demos kratos , . , . . , , . . , , . , , , , . . , , (), . ? , , , .
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. , . o , . (unji, 1997, str. 161). , . ( ) ( , 1996, . 82). , (Milivojevi, 2007, . 435). , , , . , . , ( , , , , .). : , (, . 456). , , . , . : , , . . , , , , , . . , . ? . , , 68
. . . , . , . , , . , ! . , . , , , , ? , . - -, - , , , - , - , , (Gardner and Klain, 1981). , , . , . , , , .
, , , . , . , , . , . 69
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, . , , , , .
, , , . . , , . , . , . , , . . , (Toffler, 1970, 484). , . , , . , , . . (Toffler, 1970, 469). , , , , . , . (Toffler, 1970, 468). . 71
. , . , , , . animal sociale animal racionale. , , . , , , . , . , . , . , , .
1. Aristotel (1960). Politika (prevela Ljuljana Stanojevi Crepajac). Beograd: Kultura. 2. Gardner, C. R. & Klain, R. (1981). A Canadian social psychology of ethnic relations. Toronto: Methuen. 3. Milivojevi, Z. (2007). Emocije: Psihoterapija i razumevanje emocija. Novi Sad: Psihopolis institut. 4. , . (2009). . : . 5. unji, . (1997). Dijalog i tolerancija. Beograd: igoja tampa.
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DEMOCRACY EXPOSED TO RIDICULE
Prof. Nenad Suzi, Ph.D.2 Faculty of Philosophy University of Banja Luka There are those who would take o their shoes when they stamp on the carpet, but put on their boots when they stamp on other people (unji 1997, p.161)
SummaryThe author points to Aristotles six ideal types of government, three negative and three positive. Then he argues that under the cloak of democracy lie other negative forms of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is not possible to analyze the phenomenon of government in BiH without the ethnical criterion. Ethnocracy of one nation is negative in the eyes of other nations and this is how it gets its voters. Within the spelled circle of negative emtions, ethnocrats direct hate speech, through the media and other ways, at other ethnic people. Instead of creating plans for new production programs, plans for education and future, political leaders use the media and speakers platforms for accusation and defamation of other politicians. Thus the young have no prospects, and instead of supporting and improving politics, they try to evade it and they end up hating it. In the end, the author proposes a futuristic orientation for leaders and mobilization of the masses on the principle of republic, not democracy. Key words: democracy, republic , ethnocracy, hate speech, futurology.
2 Nenad Suzi is a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy in Banja Luka. He teaches Pedagogy and Sociology of Education. For more information about this paper call: 00 387 65 538 500, email:[email protected]
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: . , . , . , . : , , , , , , , , , . , , Lebensraum , , . , , a , , . . , , , , 74
, , . , , . . . , , , . ( ). , , , . : ; , , , ; , . , , , , . : , .
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78
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, . (). , .5 : , . , : . . , , : , , , , , XIX. . , , , , . , , .6 ( 5 T. H. Eriksen, Paranoja globalizacije (Islam i svijet poslije 11 septembra), Sarajevo, Sejtarija, 2002, str. 104. , , . , () , , . 1991. . , . , . . 1993. , , . , , : , . 6 R. Cooper, The Liberal Imperialism, The London Observer, 7.4.2002 (podvukao B.K).
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PROPAGANDA STEREOTYPES OF HATRED
Braco Kovaevi, Ph.D. Faculty of Political Sciences Banja Luka Summary The war in FROY and Bosnia and Herzegovina was imposed by the western powers and the so called International Community, and Germany and Austria supported it because of their earlier known revenge-seeking reasons. In the strongly controlled hate speech propaganda in the media the Serbs were accused and the Bosnians, Croats and Slovenians were pitied. Nonliberal imperialism conquers the world by developing military industry, initiating wars and it justifies its politics through the media by spreading the propaganda of hate stereotypes. Key words: war, the media, media war, media Machiavellianism, propaganda, disinformation, stereotypes, hatred, hate speech.
83
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HATRED AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL
Prof. Ivan ijakovi, Ph.D. Nemanja uki, Assistant Faculty of Political Sciences Banja Luka Summary Based on the analysis of practice and mechanisms of control this paper focuses on the phenomenon of hatred (hate speech) as a basic instrument of social control. Through manipulation, hatred transmutes from expected, devastating tool, to a surprisingly homogeneous and disciplinary element which holds a group together, inspires it and puts it on a move. Hatred as an avocation, force and energy of the group, produces and at the same time maintains objects of hate. Therefore, hatred has a positive function for a group, its members and leaders, who in that way reproduce inner as well as outer homogenization and loyalty. Hate speech is a measuring tool for scale, intensity and progression of hatred. Eliminating it from the society seems almost impossible, because it resides on the idea of hate, i.e. on its cognitive dimension. Hate speech dwells in the realm of language simultaneously being a symbol and a communicating tool, whose mode can undergo a change but whose core stays the same. Key words: restitution, nihilism, manipulation, social control, hatred, hate speech, integration, cohesion.
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96
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97
2. 2004. 2005., - : 1. , , , 2. . - - (ODIHR) . - , 19. 2007. , . . , . - : , , , , . 2005., 2007. . : 1. , , , ; 2. 3. . .
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1. Blaevi, D.-Cividini-Stani, .-Beck-Dvorak, .: Medicinska psihologija, Jugoslavenska medicinska naklada, Zagreb, 1979. 101
2. Zvonarevi, .: Socijalna psihologija, kolska kjiga, Zagreb, 1985. 3. , .: , , , , 1996. 4. , , , 2005. 5. , , , 2007. 6. , , , 2007. 7. Merleau-Ponty, M.: La structure du comportement, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1942.
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HATRED AND INTOLERANCE IN SECURITY POLICE ORGANISATIONS
Ostoja Krsti, Ph.D. Faculty of Security and Protection Banja Luka Summary Society in general is totally irrational. Its productivity is destructive for free development of human needs and abilities. Social peace is maintained by constant threat of war, hatred, crisis and intolerance of all kinds. Social existence is in a direct connection with repressions of real possibilities for pacication as well as ght for individual, national or international existence. Todays forms of repression are very dierent from earlier period because they are based on force. Intellectual and material possibilities of modern society are much more bigger than in earlier epochs. This means that the relation of dominant society over single person is incomparably higher. Some modernsocial systems, among other, are characterized by the submission of centrifugal social forces to hatred, bigotry and intolerance and security-police agencies are no exception. The way that society organizes the life of its people means an adequate choice between many alternatives depending on inheritance and material degree as well as intellectual culture. Part of the critical theory of modern society, including the authority, is to research the roots of the developmental ways and analyze possibilities for improving basic patterns of human behavior, without prejudice, spite, malice, hatred and intolerance where values have an irreplaceable place and role. By improving interactive relations in every day relations and carrying out every day jobs and assignments, police ocers should earn trust by respecting recognized truths, and by doing this build their own way of conduct and rm attitude. The authors arguments are based on several decades of experience in the police force and are focused on the tendency to nd an adequate solution to this problem in the most developed modern societies where police ocer training programs for prevention of hate crimes are already being implemented. Key words: hatred, bigotry, intolerance, society, police, security, interaction, communication.
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17 . Anti-Defamation League. (2001). Hate Crimes Laws: Introduction. Dosltupno online: http://www.adl.org/99hatecrime/intro.html. 18 Hate Crimes Law: A Practical Guide. (2009). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. str. 26. 19 Jacobs, J. and Potter, K. (1998). Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics.New York: Oxford University Press, p. 52; James. J. (1993). Should Hate Be a Crime?. The Public Interest, vol. 113, Fall, p. 14. 20 Hate Crimes Law: A Practical Guide. (2009). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. str. 26.
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1. Anti-Defamation League. (2001). Hate Crimes Laws: Introduction. online: http://www.adl.org/99hatecrime/intro.html. 2. Gerstenfeld , P. (2004). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Sage Publications. 3. Jacobs, J., Potter, K. (2000). Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. Jacobs, J. and Potter, K. (1998). Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. 5. James. J. (1993). Should Hate Be a Crime?. The Public Interest, vol. 113, Fall. 6. / . (2005). / , . 7. . (2007). : . 8. Hate Crimes Law: A Practical Guide. (2009). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. 9. Streissguth, T. (2003). Hate Crimes. New York: Library of Congress Catalogingin-Publication Data. 10. , . (2002). , : . 11. , . (2006). , : .
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HATE CRIMES - CRIMINAL-LAW REVIEW Mile ikman, Ph.D. Administration for Police Education Banja Luka Summary The concept of hate crimes has recently attracted the attention of the general public (including academia), although this is not a new phenomenon. In the criminal context the question of conceptualizing criminal acts of hate crimes is discussed, too. These criminal acts are usually dened as crimes motivated by hate or prejudice towards victims on the basis of their race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, ethnicity or national origin. Although the denition of hate crimes seems simple, in practice, criminal acts motivated by bias can be easily confused with other criminal acts. Therefore, the key criteria of classication, by which these acts are dierent from other criminal acts, have similar concept. In any case, these are criminal acts that may have a greater social danger than other crimes. The criminal law concept of hate crimes include consideration of: questions about the motives of crimes execution, the elements of criminal acts committed in hate, the way of the crime incrimination and the consequences of hate crimes. In the criminal sense there is a dilemma when incrimination hate crime, which will be more words in the paper (the way of incrimination, the general and specic elements of the crimes committed in hate, etc.).. Also, it is pointed out the issue of motive or intent for the commission of criminal acts of hate, and pointed out the dilemma of determining the motives of hatred as a motive or bias motives. Key words: hate crimes, hate speech, criminal act, the elements of crime, motive, action execution.
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120
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10 , , Hrico , 20. 2004. , 49418/99, 40 (). 11 Selist, 54. 12 Hrico, 40 ().
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RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND PRIVACY AND PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Dr. Miodrag N. Simovi, President of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Professor at the Faculty of Law in Banja Luka Marina M. Simovi-Nievi, M.A. Internal Revenue Service of BiH Summary Freedom of expression is necessary prerequisite for functioning and survival of every democratic society and therefore a guarantee of all other human rights and freedoms. In case of possible conict of this right with other guaranteed human rights and freedoms, courts must consider that every restriction of the freedom of expression, aimed at protecting another human right guaranteed by the constitution, can only be an exception to the rule. This is allowed in the democratic society only if that restriction does not jeopardize this principle in any way but upholds it. When the freedom of expression is jeopardized in any manner and within it, freedom of media, it not only jeopardizes personal, constitutionally guaranteed rights of the journalist but also one of the key principles of the democratic society and therefore the very democracy as the form of authority and prerequisite for exercising all other proclaimed human rights and freedoms. However, this does not imply that the freedom of expression is absolute and unrestricted. Quite the contrary, in democratic and legal states, almost no human right and freedom, no matter how primary or signicant, is not and cannot be absolute and unrestricted. Being that absolute freedom and absolute right are contradictio in adjecto for establishing fair balance between guaranteed freedoms and rights in democratic society, the manner in which some established legal principle is interpreted and applied is crucial. Therefore, the key role and task of the independent judiciary is to clearly set a boundary in each case between justied and necessary and unjustied and unnecessary restrictions, which conrm some principle as a rule or deny it as the mere declaration.
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2010. , 8/2010 1, 111. , 90 .1 ( , 3/2003; 32/2003; 37/2003; 54/2004; 61/2004; 30/2005; 53/2006; 55/2006 32/200 8/2010).
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HATE LEGISLATION IN THE NEW CRIMINAL LAW IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Dr. Ljubinko Mitrovi, Assistant Professor Advanced School of Internal Affairs Banja Luka
Summary This paper discusses the notion of hate and the way it is dened by the new criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Amendments to the Criminal Code of BiH and the Republic of Srpska have for the rst time incriminated hatred, i.e. the legislator precisely prescribes what is meant by the notion of hate. Also, certain crimes stipulate oenses committed out of hate as aggravating circumstances. The paper aims to present the new provisions of the criminal legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska, which are related to hate. Key words: hate, hate speech, criminal law, incrimination
140
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MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF TOLERANCE AND NONDISCRIMINATORY SUSTAINABLE HUMANE DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL SOCIETY
Prof. arko Risti, Ph. D. University of Business Studies Banja Luka
Summary New knowledge is the result of constant improvement of manufacturing processes and services, it is manifested as exploitation, i. e a constant application of knowledge in the development of new products and services and an innovation, i. e. the way of implementing knowledge in creating changes in economy. We are lucky that the amount of knowledge is not crucial compared to knowledge productivity, which is unfortunately based on ideological misconceptions of tolerance and nondiscrimination. An educated person is the emblem and symbol of the knowledge society. Key words: management of knowledge, humane development, global society, tolerance
147
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