CONFIDENTIAL 1

ZigBee 칩 개발동향

조인영

RadioPulse Inc.

CONFIDENTIAL 2

목차

v 시장 및 기술환경

v 주요 칩 개요

v 경쟁기술비교

v 별첨n 산업발전동향

n ZigBee 기술개요

CONFIDENTIAL 3

시장 및 기술환경

CONFIDENTIAL 4

Market Challenges

CONFIDENTIAL 5

ZigBee Alliance Member

Membership Category 업체수

Promoter Semiconductor 4

OEM/Service Provider 10

Tools 1

SUB 15

Participant Semiconductor 16

OEM/Service Provider 36

Design House 30

ZigBee stack 4

Tools 18

Hardware/Module 17

Utility/Energy Provider 16

SUB 137

Adopter Semiconductor 2

OEM/Service Provider 42

Design House 26

ZigBee stack

Tools 26

Hardware/Module 19

Utility/Energy Provider 4

Installer/Distributor 1

sub 120

Total 272

CONFIDENTIAL 6

칩 개발 동향 및 기술과제

CONFIDENTIAL 7

ZigBee Chip 개발동향

2004년 2005년 2006년2003년 2007년

Transceiver

RF, Modem, MAC HW일부

Single Chip화

RF, Modem, MAC HW, MCU, ADC, ..→RaioPulse, Chipcon, Ember, Jennic등

SiP화

→ Freescale

ApplicationSpecific

Chip

LowCost

저전력화

저가격화

소형화

SoC

CONFIDENTIAL 8

3rd Generation

2nd Generation

1st Generation

Chip Roadmap

2.4GHz Transceiver

MCU

Application

2.4GHz Transceiver

8/16/32MCU

CC2420

CC2430

MG2400

JN5129

EM250

CC2480

MG245X

EM260

JN5139

Low Power Transceiver

8-bitMCU

8/16/32-bitApplication Processor

Low powerTransceiver

8/16/32MCU

CONFIDENTIAL 9

Technical Challenges

v Coexistence & avoiding interference n 주파수 간섭 / 동일채널 간섭

n Frequency agility

v Low power consumption with fast connectionn Sleep & stand-by current for battery-powered device

v Standard compliance ? n Adaptive data rate

u High data rate Telecom Application

u Low data rate for control & monitoring

n Reliable large volume network support u Optimized stack software

u More memory requirement

CONFIDENTIAL 10

Technical Requirements

v Application – Specific

v High Data Rates up-to 2Mbps or more (Voice/Audio/Video)

v Low-Power Consumption for battery powered & CE devices

v Low-Cost & Small-Size for Easier Adoption)

v User Friendly Networking & Application

v Security & QoS Service

CONFIDENTIAL 11

기술요구사항 (1): High Data Rates

v 요구사항n DYRVoice/Audio/Video 등의 멀티미디어 데이터 무선 전송을 위해 HDR 요구

v Application 별 필요 대역n Mobile Hands-Free : 128Kbpsn Mobile Audio/MP3 Streaming : 450Kbpsn Mobile Video Streaming : 450Kbps

v 기대 효과n Streaming & Sharing ( 1:N 음악 청취)n Game Plug & Playn Integrated Wireless terminal

CONFIDENTIAL 12

기술요구사항 (2) : Low-Power

v 요구사항n 동작시간 및 제품 디자인 소형화 요구에 따라 RF 동작/대기 모드의 전류소모 최소화

v 응용분야n AMR

n Mobile Applications

n 정보가전

v 기대 효과n 전류 소모 축소로 인한 동작 시간 연장

n 소형/소 용량 배터리 사용에 따른 제품 디자인의 유연성 증가

n Mobile Accessory 등 응용 분야 확대

CONFIDENTIAL 13

기술요구사항 (3): Low-Cost

v 요구사항n 기술 대체를 위한 대체비용의 최소화

n IR to RF 전환n IC 설계의 최적화 및 안정적 양산을 통한 제조단가 최적화

v 기대 효과n 기술채용 비용 인하에 따른 응용시장 확대n 양산 확대에 따른 제조단가로 이어지는 선순환 구조 실현

CONFIDENTIAL 14

기술요구사항(4) : Optimized Networking

v 요구사항n Application별 Network Topology 지원

n ZigBee Stack / IEEE 802.15.4 MAC / ZigBee-lite Network

v 응용분야n Application 별 ZigBee Networking topology 세분화

n Data Sharing : 1:1 star, peer-to-peer network

n Gaming : N:N peer-to-peer network

n Voice : 1:1 star network

n Audio : 1:1 star network

n Audio broadcasting : 1:N star network

n Healthcare & push-marekting: 1:N or 1:1 star network

v 기대 효과n 빠른 기술 대응에 따른 Time-to-Market 기술지원 -> 시장 확대

n 응용 분야별 최적의 네트워크 토폴로지 지원을 통해 서비스의 신뢰성 향상

CONFIDENTIAL 15

기술요구사항(5): Security & QoS

v 요구사항n 무선 네트워크의 보안 위험에 대처하는 신뢰성 있는 보안 Suite 제공n IEEE 802.15.4 및 ZigBee 에서 제공하는 암호화/KEY전송/인증알고리즘을 통해 보다

안전한 무선 데이터 통신 서비스 제공

v Application 별 Security Requirementn Gaming : 사용자 인증n Voice /Audio : NONEn Audio Broadcasting : 사용자 인증n E-health / e-commerce : 사용자 인증/데이터 암호화

v 기대 효과n 안전한 데이터 전송 지원을 통한 응용 분야 확대(Ticketing/Payment..)n Security 기능 탐재를 통한 무선 보안 실현

CONFIDENTIAL 16

설계시 고려사항

v Standard Compliant? n Frequency band ?

u 2.4GHz vs. 8/900MHz

u Sub-1GHz

n Data rate ?

v Cost ? n Embedded Processor ?

u 8/16/32-bit

n Memory size ?

u Data memory

u Program memory

n Hardwired level ?u 802.15.4 MAC

v Specific application support ?n Audio / PC Peripheral / VoIP ….

CONFIDENTIAL 17

주요 ZigBee 칩개요

CONFIDENTIAL 18

주요 ZigBee Chip 현황

FeaturesFeaturesRadioPulseRadioPulse

MG2455MG2455

TITI

CC2480CC2480

EmberEmber

EM250EM250

JennicJennic

JN5139JN5139

Frequency 2.4GHz

MCU 8051 8051 16-Bit 32-Bit RISC

Operation Voltage 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.8

Sensitivity (dBm) -98 -92 -97 -97

Max Tx Power (dBm) +8 0 +5 +3

Rx Current (mA) 30 27 35.5 34

Tx Current (0dBm, mA) 31 27 35.5 34

Tx Current (+8dBm, mA) 45mA PA PA PA

Data Rate(kbps)250

500/1000250 250 250

Embedded Flash(KB) 96 128 128192

External ROM required

Data memory (RAM, KB) 88 8 8 ~ 96

Package5*5mm5*5mm7272--pinpin

7*7mm

48-pin

7*7mm

48-pin

8*8mm

56-pin

CONFIDENTIAL 19

IEEE 802.15.4MAC

8-bit MCU

Chip selection guide

16/32-bitProcessor

MG2455

MG2450

CC2430

JN5139

External Application Processor

CC2420

CC2480

MSP430

EM260

External Processor

AVR128MSP430

EM250

MG2400

CC2420

AVR128MSP430

Cost & Memory Requirement

CONFIDENTIAL 20

FeaturesFeatures MG245XMG245X

Frequency band 2.4GHz

Number of channels 16

Data rate 250K/500K/1Mbps

Max output power +8 dBm

Sensitivity -98 dBm

Core Operation Voltage 1.5 V

Rx Current 32 mA

Tx (0dBm) Current 31 mA

Sleep mode current 0.3 uA

Flash Memory 96 KB

Data Memory 8 KB

Interface UART(1Mbps), SPI, I2S, GPIO

Operating Temperature -40 ~ 85

MG2450-B72 MG2455-F48

I2S/2

UART/2

SPI

WDT

GPIO/24

Timer/4

PWM/2

a-lawu-law

Voice FIFO

DMA

MAC

AESEngine

Modem

RF TX

RF RX

PLL

MCU(8051)

FLASH96KB

DATA8KB

ROM

Temp.Sensor

BatMonitor

ADC(4CH)

RegulatorRC

OscillatorPOR

ClockPLL

QuadCodec

Key Scan

주요업체(1)_RadioPulse/MG245X

CONFIDENTIAL 21

2.4GHzRF Transmitter

FrequencySynthesizer

2.4GHzRF Receiver

802.15.4802.15.4Base BandBase Band

ModemModem

802.15.4MAC

Program Memory(64KB / SRAM)

8051 Core

ADCData Memory

(4KB)ROM GPIO

Timer

UART

RTC

POR

AES-128

FeaturesFeatures MG2400MG2400

Frequency band 2.4GHz

Number of channels 16

Data rate 250K/500K/1Mbps

Max output power +5 dBm

Sensitivity -98 dBm

Core Operation Voltage 1.5 V

Rx Current 26 mA

Tx (0dBm) Current 27 mA

Sleep mode current < 9 uA with external Regulator

Program Memory 64 KB internal RAM

Data Memory 4 KB

Operating Temperature -40 ~ 85

주요업체(1)_RadioPulse/MG2400

CONFIDENTIAL 22

주요업체(2)_TI/CC2430

FeaturesFeatures CC2430CC2430

Operation Frequency 2.4GHz

MCU 8051

Operating Voltage 1.8V

Vcc 2.0 ~ 3.6 V

Sensitivity -94dBm

TX Power 0dBm

Current Consumption27mA @ Rx

25mA @ Tx (0dBm)

Data Rate 250Kbps

ZigBee Stack S/W Zstack(Figure8)

CONFIDENTIAL 23

주요업체(2)_TI/CC2480

FeaturesFeatures CC2480CC2480

Frequency(Min)(MHz) 2400

Frequency(Max)(MHz) 2483.5

Operating Voltage(Min)(V) 2.0

Operating Voltage(Max)(V) 3.6

Pin/Package 48QFN

Modulation Techniques DSSS

Operating Temp Range(Celsius) -40 to 85

Current Consumption (RX)(mA) 27

Current Consumption (TX)(mA) 27

Output Power (dBm) 0

Frequency Resolution(MHz) 5

Data Rate(Max)(kbps) 250

Data Buffering Yes

CONFIDENTIAL 24

주요업체(3)_Ember/EM250

Frequency MCU Flash RAMRx

Sensitivity

Tx

Power

Rx

Current

Tx

CurrentVoltage Package

2400 ~ 2485MHz

16-bit

(12MHz)128KB 5KB -97dBm -32 ~ 4dBm 35.5mA 33mA 2.1~3.6 QFN48

MAC+PHY

EmberZNet STACK

USER APPLICATION

PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)

MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)

APP APP … ZDO

NWK

APS

SSP

CONFIDENTIAL 25

주요업체(3)_Ember/EM260

Frequency MCU Flash RAMRx

Sensitivity

Tx

Power

Rx

Current

Tx

CurrentVoltage Package

2400 ~ 2485MHz

16-bit

(12MHz)128KB 5KB -97dBm -32 ~ 4dBm 26mA 27mA 2.1~3.6 QFN40

USER APPLICATION

MAC+PHY

EmberZNet STACK

PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)

MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)

APP APP … ZDO

NWK

APS

SSP

ANYPROCESSOR

SPI, UART

CONFIDENTIAL 26

주요업체(4)_JENNIC /JN5121/5139

Features JN5121 JN5139

Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHz

MCU 32-Bit RISC 32-Bit RISC

Operating Voltage 2.2~3.6V 2.2~3.6V

Sensitivity -93dBm -97dBm

TX Power +1dBm +3dBm

Current Consumption< 50mA @ Rx

< 40mA @ Tx

34mA @ Rx

34mA @ Tx

Memory 96KB/RAM

64KB/ROM

8~96KB/RAM

192KB/ROM

Data Rate 250Kbps 250Kbps

ZigBee Stack S/W 3rd Party 3rd Party

CONFIDENTIAL 27

ZigBee 무선네트워크모듈

원격검침모듈

ZigBee Module 모듈 개발 동향

Source from ZigBee IC 개발동향, 소완섭, 삼성전기 & ibitworld.com

ZigBee RF Module

Application Specific Module/Node

IPv6 USN Node구분 설명

하드웨어

소형화 (Ex. 10 * 10 mm with Sensor)

응용모듈화(RF+센서)

System in Package

Interface

UART, RS232

SDIO, CF

USB

TCP/IP

소프트웨어

AT Commands

Hybrid Connectivity Bridge (ZigBee to PLC, ZigBee to RS485)

OTA (Over the Air)

CONFIDENTIAL 28

ZigBee 미래 솔루션 전망 (1)

ZigBee-USIM Card

v 주요특징

n ZigBee USIM Card ( ZigBee + USIM)

n 표준 SIM 인터페이스(ISO7816)를

이용한 ZigBee 무선 통신 기능 지원

n 하드웨어 변경 없이 장착 가능

v Potential Services

n Mobile Network Game

n Mobile 무선 데이터 통신 모뎀

n Hot-spot marketing (pull & push)

n Security ID

n Mobile Payment

Specifications

• 2.4GHz ZigBee+USIM Card

• ISO7816 Interface compliant

• Communication coverage: ~ 50 m

• Data rate: 250Kbps and 1Mbps

• Operation voltage : 3V

• Size: 1.5 * 2.5 (SIM Card Size)

• Operation temperature: -40 ~ +85

CONFIDENTIAL 29

ZigBee 칩 단가 전망

ZigBee 칩셋 출하량 & ASP

642 4,00010,500

29,500

75,000

135,000

235,000$6.35

$5.60

$4.40

$3.52

$2.85

$2.35

$2.15

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

년도

(단위 : 천개, US $)

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

출하량ASP

출처 : In-Stat(2006. 8)

CONFIDENTIAL 30

Application Development Planning

Design Concept Hardware 고려사항 RF 고려사항

•What kind of ZigBee Device?

•Network Topology?

•Exist Host Processor?

•What Kind of Host Processors?

•Target Number of ZigBee Node?

•Data Rate?

•Power and Battery Life?

•Target distance

①Tx Power with PA or Not

•Using GPIO or Not

•UART & Baud rate, Stop bit

•Power Management

①Constant Power

②Battery

③Wake up time and Sleep time

•External Antenna

①Dipole Antenna

②Helical Antenna

③Chip Antenna

•Pattern Antenna

•Matching Circuit

CONFIDENTIAL 31

경쟁기술비교

CONFIDENTIAL 32

ZigBee vs. Wi-Fi와 Bluetooth

Market Name Wi-Fi™ Bluetooth™ ZigBee™

Standard 802.11b 802.15.1 802.15.4

Application Focus Web, Email, Video Cable Replacement Monitoring & Control

System Resources 1MB+ 250KB+ 32KB - 64KB

Battery Life (days) .5 - 5 1 - 7 65,532

Network Size 32 7 100s to 1000s

Bandwidth 11M 3M 20 – 250K

Range (meters) 1 - 100 1 - 10+ 1 - 100+

Network Topology Star Star Star, Tree, Mesh

Optimized For SpeedRechargeable Battery,

ConvenienceReliability, Low Power, Low Cost, Scalability

CONFIDENTIAL 33

BluetoothWiFiZigBee

ZigBee vs. WiFi, Bluetooth

PowerConsumption

Comm.Coverage

Fast Pairing

Network Volume

Data RateNetwork Topology

BOM

MobileApplication

Wireless InternetWireless Multimedia

File transferVoIP

Wireless Mobile Headset

Wireless connectivity in mobile

Wireless Monitoring & Control

Wireless connectivity for multi-users

CONFIDENTIAL 34

IEEE 802.15.4 vs. RFID

Parameter ZigBee™ (MANGO) RFID

Current

Consumption

30mA(@active, 1.5V)

Power down supportReader기에서만사용

Data rate 250 Kbps (data) 수 K

Network Communication

Max 65,500 nodes 무제한

Reader 가격 수만원 수십~수백만원

양방향통신 가능 불가능(Active RFID 예외)

Coverage Data: Max. 800m(data) Maximum 5 or 10m

Battery Operation 1일 3시간사용시 2년이상 전원불필요

Routing Support 8단계가능 지원안함

CONFIDENTIAL 35

The Best Seller_nRF24L01 / Nordic

* Function & InterfaceSPI(max 8Mbps)Integrated Vtg. Regulator (1.8V)

* Radio ArchitectureGFSKTX: Direct-modulation

CONFIDENTIAL 36

산업동향

APPENDIX-A

CONFIDENTIAL 37

메가 트랜드

* Telecosm, George Gilder, 2002

1990 2000매크로코즘 마이크로코즘 텔레코즘

-무선통신무선통신, 광통신- One person, many computers

-컴퓨터, 반도체- One Person One Computer

-제조업중심- Many PersonsOne Computer

CONFIDENTIAL 38

IT 발전 구조

인터넷망

이동통신망

근거리통신망

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 (year)

2006년이전까지는인터넷 망과이동통신 망이 IT 산업을 이끌었으나 2007년 이후에는근거리

통신망이기존의인터넷, 이동통신 망과결합하여 IT 산업의 성장축이될것으로예상됨

CONFIDENTIAL 39

ZigBee 시장 전망(2005년)

• ZigBee 및 802.15.4 시장전망

ZigBee 및 802.15.4 시장은2010년에약 82억불의시장규모로연평균120% 이상의성장이예상된다.

Source: “WSN Growing markets” On World (2005)

2006 2007

1000

2000

3000

4000

단위: 백만불

332

2008 2009 2010

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

689

1,535

3,447

8,212

CONFIDENTIAL 40

ZigBee 기술개요

APPENDIX-B

CONFIDENTIAL 41

ZigBee 란?

‘ZigBee’ means two things:

v A global alliance of companies, founded in 2002:

n Promoters (9, including Ember), Participants and Adopters (over 170).

v A specification for interoperable, low-cost wireless device communication:

n Version 1.0 downloadable from www.zigbee.org

n Built atop IEEE 802.15.4

“ZigBee was created to address the market need for a cost-effective,

standards-based wireless networking solution that supports low data-

rates, low-power consumption, security, and reliability.”

CONFIDENTIAL 42

지그비 기술개요

v IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 저속/저전력 소모무선통신 기술

v 동작 주파수n 2.4GHz (전세계) n 868/915MHz (유럽/미국)

v 데이터 전송속도n 250Kbps @ 2.4GHz n 20kbps @ 868Mhzn 40Kpbs @ 900MhZ

v 네트워크 토폴로지n Star, Cluster-tree 및 mesh 네트워크 지원

v 저전력

v 암호화 지원

v ZigBee Alliance n 전세계 200여 업체 참여 중

[그림] 지그비기술구성도

CONFIDENTIAL 43

사용 주파수 대역과 전송 속도

2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16

868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1

915 MHz America 40 kbps 10

BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)

CONFIDENTIAL 44

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

868MHz / 915MHz PHY

2.4 GHz

868.3 MHz

Channel 0 Channels 1-10

Channels 11-26

2.4835 GHz

928 MHz902 MHz

5 MHz

2 MHz

2.4 GHz PHY

CONFIDENTIAL 45

ZigBee Device Types

v ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

n - One and only one required for each ZB network.

n - Initiates network formation.

n - Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).

n - May act as router once network is formed.

v ZigBee Router (ZR)

n - Optional network component.

n - May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.

n - Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).

n - Participates in multi-hop routing of messages.

v ZigBee End Device (ZED)

n - Optional network component.

n - Shall not allow association.

n - Shall not participate in routing.

CONFIDENTIAL 46

ZigBee Network Topology

Full Function Device (FFD)

Reduced Function Device (RFD)

PAN Coordinator

Star Tree Mesh

• Network controlled by central PAN Coordinator

• End Devices communicate directly with Coordinator

• Coordinator initiates and maintains network.

• Simple Layout

• Tree structure rooted at the PAN coordinator

• Coordinator initiates network

• Children route through Parents in strict hierarchy.

• Multi-hop topology extends range of the network.

• Not always appropriate for low-latency applications

• Messages may be routed from any source to any destination

• Every FFD functions as a router for its neighbors.

• Multi-hop topology extends range of the network.

• High reliability achieved through multiple paths.

• Network may be constructed in any order for easy build-out.

CONFIDENTIAL 47

ZigBee and Battery Life

minutes hours weeks years

Data

Rate

(M

bit

s/s

ec)

Battery Life

.1

1

10

100

100

WiFi

UltraWideBand

Bluetooth

ZigBee