Footbathing Practices 蹄浴管理

Guozhong Xu, Ph.D.

Dairy Research Nutritionist in Research and Nutritional Services of Zinpro Corporation

徐国忠 博士 美国金宝公司奶牛研究营养师

Oct 2015,Inner Mongolia

2015年10月 内蒙古

Outline 内容概要

蹄浴池设计

Footbath Design

蹄浴管理与卫生

Footbath management and hygiene

小结

Summary

蹄浴设计（1）Footbath design(1)

Bottom photo courtesy K. Kronebusch, Lazy V Brands, Inc.

蹄浴池的大小合理 Properly size footbath

• 300-370厘米长 300 to 370 cm long

• 50-60厘米宽（100厘米高的地方100厘米宽） 50 to 60 cm wide (1m wide at 1m high)

• 浴池边缘28厘米高 28 cm curb

• 蹄浴液10厘米深长3米 Solution >10 cm deep for at >3 m

使用6种不同的蹄浴尺寸分析奶牛后脚步伐数 Analysis of Number of Steps for the Rear Feet of Cows Using 6 Different Hoof Bath Dimensions.

CCC Newsletter , Dec 2010 ,NB Cook

奶牛全部后脚

%

蹄浴尺寸

浸入蹄浴两次 浸入蹄浴三次 浸入蹄浴四次

浸入蹄浴多余两次

53%

84% 96%

几率

Pr

obab

ility

61 122 183 244 305 366

尺寸 –依蹄浴长度，几率为2或更多浸入次数 Dimension - Probability Of 2 Or More Immersions (Dunks) By Bath Length

长度，厘米 Length, cm

蹄浴池太短？用两个！ Foot Bath Too Short? Use Two!

THE IDEAL HOOFBATH?

Pic. Floyd Sutton

3米 x 50厘米 蹄浴 Animart 10 ft x 20 in Footbath

蹄浴设计（2）Footbath design(2)

位置选择点挤奶结束 After milking not before 奶牛容易定期通过，并在蹄浴后进入干净干燥的区域

Good cow flow and regularly Traveled, should enter a clean, dry area after passing through the footbath. 容易填满，排掉与清洗Easy fill, easy drain, easy

clean 考虑使用喷浴系统，同时有水回收系统Consider a

foot spray system with recycled water 平常不用消毒剂时可利用肥皂水

Soap and water footbath on days when disinfectant is not being used if footbath cannot be bypassed 底部平坦，不打滑与粗糙Flat bottomed, not slick

and abrasive 不容易受到影响 not easy affected by water

当牛只饮水时，容易溢出到蹄浴池，造成蹄浴溶液浓度变化。Concentration is affected by the spilled water when cows drink

a Kloosterman, 1997. Claw Care, p. 123 in Lameness in Cattle, 3rd Edition. P. Greenough, ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA

硫酸铜 Copper Sulfate

2 - 5%硫酸铜 2 to 5% copper sulfate

抗菌及硬化物质，没有比福尔马林有效 Antibacterial and hardening agenta, less effective than formalin

相较之下不贵 Relatively inexpensive

比较容易地溶解 Goes into solution somewhat easily (acidification helps, pH>3.5)

高效管理(1) Footbath Management(1)

3至5％的浓度，一周使用3次 3 to 5% solution, used 3X/wk

抗菌和硬化剂 Antibacterial and hardening agent

优点 Advantages • 往往是最不贵蹄浴液

Tends to be the least expensive foot bath solution • 细菌不产耐药性

Bacteria do not develop resistance • 如果稀释后，会无效果，不产生环境危害

If diluted, will become inactive and not create an environmental hazard • 很好溶于水

Highly soluble in water • 在爪喇叭渗透性的影响最小

Minimal effect on permeability of the claw horn • 抗菌活性（2.2％浓度）可给330奶牛通过

Antibacterial activity (2.2% solution) retained up to 330 cow passesa a Holzhauer et al., 2004. Proc. 13th Intl. Symp. Lameness in Ruminants, Maribor, Slovenia. p. 21

甲醛 FORMALDEHYDE

高效管理(1) Footbath Management(1)

高效管理(2) Footbath Management(2)

每150～200头需更换蹄浴液-如果有必要的话需时常更换 Change solution every 150 to 200 cow passes – more often if needed

利用卫生评分来帮助确定理想的蹄浴频次 Use hygiene scoring to help determine ideal footbath frequency 每周蹄浴应用时，建议数天连续应用。

Footbaths should be used on consecutive days each week 评分3和4奶牛 Proportion of cows with hygiene score 3,4

结果comment 建议蹄浴Suggested footbath frequency (minimum)

75% 较差very poor 每周7天 7 days per week

腿部卫生评分平均 3

及4

的比例

腿部卫生与感染性蹄病的关系 Relationship Between Leg Hygiene and

Infectious Claw Disease R² = 0.4907

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Avg.

3 +

4 L

eg H

ygie

ne, %

感染性蹄病% Infectious Claw Lesions, %

a Data from 8 herds. Data collected from 22,850 Holstein cows and 900 Jersery cows. Data represents a total of 67 months of data (range from 3 to 14 months of data per dairy).

评分1 评分2 评分3 评分4

预防感染性蹄趾损伤 Preventing Infectious Claw Lesions

让干奶牛及后备母牛走蹄浴-特别在临产前 Footbaths for dry cows and heifers – especially close-ups

新引入的奶牛在入群前都走过蹄浴 Run all new cows through a footbath before co-mingling

青牛也需要用蹄浴 Heifer growers may also need to use footbaths

高效管理（3） Footbath Management(3)

高效管理(4) Footbath Management(4)

清洗计划 Wash Program

其他天蹄浴的使用 Alternate days to treatment bath 1%浓度肥皂加2%次氯酸钠

(5.25%Clorox®产品) 1% mild soap plus 2% sodium hypochlorite (5.25% product, Clorox®) 很好的方法改善蹄浴的效益

Excellent way to improve footbath efficacy

在挤奶厅冲洗脚可以改善卫生 Washing Feet in the Parlor

to Improve Hygiene

蹄部清洗系统 Foot Wash Systems

小结 Summary

蹄浴是有效预防奶牛跛足的工具，不是治疗手段 Footbaths are an effective way to prevent cow, instead of treating

高效蹄浴管理三要素为正确设计，蹄浴管理与卫生

Maximizing the effectiveness of a footbath program hinges on three key factors proper footbath design, foot hygiene and effective footbath management.

蹄浴可以是福也是祸,管理不善的蹄浴会增加疾病的的扩散到未感染的个体

Footbaths can be a blessing or a curse, Poorly managed baths may increase spread of the disease to non-infected individuals

Footbathing Practices �蹄浴管理Outline 内容概要蹄浴设计（1）Footbath design(1)使用6种不同的蹄浴尺寸分析奶牛后脚步伐数�Analysis of Number of Steps for the Rear Feet of Cows Using 6 Different Hoof Bath Dimensions. 尺寸 –依蹄浴长度，几率为2或更多浸入次数�Dimension - Probability Of 2 Or More Immersions (Dunks) By Bath Length蹄浴池太短？用两个！�Foot Bath Too Short? Use Two!Slide Number 7Slide Number 83米 x 50厘米 蹄浴�Animart 10 ft x 20 in Footbath蹄浴设计（2）Footbath design(2)Slide Number 11硫酸铜 Copper SulfateSlide Number 13Slide Number 14腿部卫生与感染性蹄病的关系�Relationship Between Leg Hygiene and Infectious Claw Disease预防感染性蹄趾损伤 �Preventing Infectious Claw LesionsSlide Number 17清洗计划�Wash Program在挤奶厅冲洗脚可以改善卫生�Washing Feet in the Parlor�to Improve Hygiene蹄部清洗系统�Foot Wash Systems小结�Summary