МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИЗапорізький національний технічний університет

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИдо контрольних та самостійних робіт з дисципліни

“Практика англійської мови”для студентів 3 курсу заочної форми навчання

спеціальності 7.030507 «Переклад»

2009

Методичні вказівки до контрольних та самостійних робіт з дисципліни“Практика англійської мови” для студентів 3 курсу заочної форми навчання спеціальності 7.030507«Переклад» / Укл. Кузнєцова І.В. - Запоріжжя: ЗНТУ, 2009. – 70 с.

Укладачі: Кузнєцова І.В., к.філ.н., доцент

Рецензент: Катиш Т.В.., к.філ.н., доцент

Відповідальний за випуск: Кузнєцова І.В.

Затвердженона засіданні кафедри теорії та практики перекладу

Протокол № 3 від 23.11.09

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ЗМІСТ

1.Control work 5 ……………………… …. ………………..42.Control work 6……………………………………………33

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1. CONTROL WORK 5

Exercise 1. Translate the following text into UkrainianTHE GIFT OF THE MAGI

by О'HenryО' HENRY is a pseudonym of William Sydney Porter (1862 - 1910),

American writer, noted for his numerous short stories. Born in Greensboro, North Carolina, Porter left school in his midteens. fie worked in various jobs: as a bank teller*, as a journalist. He founded a comic weekly magazine, "The Rolling Stone" (1894 - 1895) before being employed by "The Houston Post" to write a humorous daily column, in 1898 he was convicted of embezzlement* committed during his years as a bank teller, and subsequently served a three-year term in the federal penitentiary*. Porter then settled in New York City, and for the remainder of his life he contributed short stories to the popular magazines of his day. His stories are characterized by colorful detail, keen wit, and great narrative skill. Their signature feature is the use of coincidence and ironic twist of circumstance to produce a surprise ending to the plot. This device has held the attention of an enormous audience down to the present day.

One dollar and eighthy-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing2 the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Delia counted it. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.

There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Delia did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.

While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the look-out for the mendicancy squad.

In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham3 Young."

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The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20 the letters of "Dillingham" looked blurred, as though they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Delia. Which is all very good.

Delia finished her cry and attended to her checks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling — something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.

There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Delia, being slender, had mastered the art.

Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.

Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Delia's hair. Had the Queen of Sheba4 lived in the flat across the airshaft, Delia would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels arid gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.

So now Delia's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and

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quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.

On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.

Where she stopped the sign read: "Mme. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Delia ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie." "Will you buy my hair?" asked Delia.

"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it."

Down rippled the brown cascade."Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised

hand."Give it to me quick," said Delia.Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the

hashed metaphor'. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one

else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation — as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value — the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.

When Delia reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends — a mammoth task.

Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.

"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus6 girl. But

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what could I do — oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty-seven cents?"

At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.

Jim was never late. Delia doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit of saying little silent prayers about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."

The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two — and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.

Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Delia, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.

Delia wriggled off the table and went for him. "Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold it because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again — you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say 'Merry Christmas!', Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice — what a beautiful, nice gift I've got for you."

"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.

"Cut it off and sold it," said Delia. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, aren’t I?"

Jim looked about the room curiously. "You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.

"You needn't look for it," said Delia. "It's sold, I tell you — sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with a sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall 1 put the chops on, Jim?"

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Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Delia. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year — what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.

Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.

"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while7 at first," White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.

For there lay The Combs — the set of combs, side and back, that Delia had worshipped for long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jeweled rims — just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.

But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!"

And then Delia leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"

Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The dull precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.

"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."

Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.

"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at. present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."

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The magi, as you know, were wise men-wonderfully wise men — who brought gifts to the Babe8 in the manger9. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.

Notes:+bank teller — службовець у банку +embezzlement — розтрата +penitentiary — виправний будинок magi — волхви2.bulldoze — (здесь) торгуватися, вибивати кожен цент 3. Queen of Sheba — царица Савска4. hashed metaphor — банальна метафора 5.a Coney Island chorus girl — хористка з Коні-Айленда6. go a while — сторопіти, отетеріти 7. Babe — (поэт.) = baby 8. manger — ясла, куди волхви принесли дари немовляті

Ісусові.

Exercise 2. Translate all Vocabulary entries and examples and learn by heart.

VOCABULARYcount (v)1. say or name the numbers in order, one by one□ He counted (up) to 100 and then came to find us.2. include□ There are six people in my family counting my parents.3. consider, regard□ Pavlova was counted among the greatest dancers of the country.4. have value, force, or importance□ It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. count smb. in include

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□ If you are planning a trip to London, countmein. count on/upon smb./smth.

1. depend on□ You can't count on the weather being fine.2. expect; take into account; rely□ Can I count on you to be there at noon? count smb. out exclude□ Please count me out for the party next Saturday; I have other

plans. count heads count people□ I'll tell you how many people are here after I count heads. bear (v) bore, borne/born1. support, carry, hold up□ The columns bear the weight of the roof.2. have or show□ What he says bears no relation to the truth (= it's very different

from the truth).3. suffer without complaining, tolerate□ She bore the pain with great courage.4. greatly dislike□ I can't bear to hear a baby crying.5. give birth to .□ She bore three children.6. produce (a crop, fruit, etc.); give (literal or figurative) fruit □ I hope your new plan will bear fruit.bear in mind - not forget□ He didn't do the job very well, but you must bear in mind that

he was ill at the time.bear one's cross burden (this is Biblical theme and is always used

figuratively)□ It's a very serious disease, but I'll bear my cross.bear the brunt withstand the worst part or the strongest part of

smth., such as an at tack□ I had to bear the brunt of her screaming.bear one's age well - look younger□ I know why he bears his age well - he doesn't smoke.bear with someone or smth. be patient with someone or smth. □ Please bear with my old car. It'll get us there sooner or later.

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puU (v)1. move, drag□ Help me move this piano: you pull and I'll push.2. (up, on, at, out) move towards, sometimes with force□ He pulled his chair up to the table. □ He pulled his socks on.3. (in) attract□ The football match pulled in great crowds. pull up stop□ I pulled up at the traffic light, waiting for it to change to green. pull a face (faces) make an expression with the face to show rude

amusement, disagreement, dislike □ The mother told her little son not to pull faces. pull one's weight/carry one's weight do one's full share of work□ Tom, you must be more helpful. We all have to pull our weight.pull oneself together - become emotionally stabilized; control the

feelings of (oneself) □ Now, calm down. Pull yourself together. pull strings use influence (with someone to get smth. done)□ Is it possible to get anything done around here without pulling

strings? take a pride (in) feel satisfaction and pleasure□ They take great pride in their daughter, who is now a famous

scientist. sparkle (v.) - shine in small flashes□ Her diamond sparkled in the sunlight.collect (v) bring or gather together□ Collect the books and put them in a pile on my desk. collect one's thoughts bring together one's thoughts□ When passing exams he collects his thoughts.pant (v) - take quick short breaths; gasp□ Somebody is panting in the darkness. fix (v)1. fasten firmly□ He fixed the picture in position with a nail.□ (Fig.) Let me fix the address in my mind.2. arrange□ If you want to meet them, I can fix it.

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3. repair□ I must get the radio fixed. fix on1. (fix on smb./smth.) decide on□ We've fixed on starting tomorrow.2. (fix smth. on smb./smth.) direct (one's eyes, attention, etc.)

steadily at □ His eyes were fixed on Delia.fix up provide with, supply a person with smth□ The usher fixed us up with seats at the front of the theater. fixedly (adv) unchangingly; with great attention□ He stared fixedly at her beautiful present.worship (v) - show great respect, admiration, etc. □ (Fig.) He worships the very ground she walks on.leap (v) - jump□ With a leap, the tiger was attacking the elephant.wise (adj) - having or showing good sense, cleverness, the ability to

understand what happens and decide on the right action□ It was wise of you to leave.none the wiser - knowing no more, after being told□ I was none the wiser after he'd explained everything. sacrifice (n) (v) - loss or giving up of something of value, esp. for

something thought to be of greater value□ She made a lot of sacrifices for her children.Exercise 3 . Answer the following questions:1. Why was Delia saving money?2. Did she have enough money for a Christmas present?3. How did Jim and Delia live (their relations, their financial posi-

tion)?4. What were their possession? 5. What decision did Delia take? 6. What did she do after she had cut her hair? 7. What did she fear for when she was waiting for Jim? 8. How did Jim behave when he saw Delia's hair cut short? 9. How was Jim able to get money for the Christmas present? 10. Why was such a strange title given to this story? (give your

opinion)

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Exercise 4. Translate the following words and phrases from the text.

Save money; a shabby thing; made up of; predominate; take a look; income; hug; modest; introduce to; reach; look out; expenses; go far; own; a sterling present; mighty pride; pull down; dry hair; rippling and shining like a cascade; turn all the stores inside out; reflection in the mirror; disapproval; give way; valuable gifts; the least hope.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences from the text.1. Her cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony. 2.

Such behaviour instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating. 3. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the look-out. 4. In the vestibule below was an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. 5. The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity. 6. When the income was shrunk to $20 the letters of "Dillingham" looked blurred, as though they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. 7. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. 8. When Delia reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. 9. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction.

Exercise 6 Paraphrase or explain in your own words the italicized parts of the following sentences; Translate them into Ukrainian.

present; avoid wasting money; a person who sells meat; a shopkeeper who sells dry and preserved foods, and other things for the home; have force, influence; an owner; money received regularly; become smaller, as from the effect of heat or water; become pale; take off; take on; a very valuable object; seek; take out of the pocket; have a look; pure, simple in design; show tact; hug; search for.

Exercise 7 Replace the italicized parts of the sentences with the words and phrases from the text. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20 the letters of "Dillingham" looked blurred. 2. Delia finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with a powder rag. 3. Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. 4. On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. 5. She fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street. 6.

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There was no other chain like this in any of the stores. 7. When Delia reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. S. She got out her сlirling irons and lighted the gas and went to work. 9. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two — and to be burdened with a family! 10. His eyes were fixed pon Delia, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. 11. My hair grows awfully fast. 12. Maybe the hairs of flay head were numbered. 13. Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket. 14. I don't think there's anything that could make me like my girl any less. l5- I hunted all over town to find it. 16. Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.

Exercise 8. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:

count; pile; collect; pant; possessor; anxious; in place of; fix up; laboriously; И'Й//; crave; tresses; none the wiser; turn white; prosperity.

1. I was worried about the children when they didn't come home from school.

2. We must provide him with a job and a room in the hotel.3. There is a heap of dirty clothes in the corner of your room.4. She can't stand the heat, that is why she is breathing with

difficulty.5. When Jim saw the chain he became pale.6. Everybody including Jim admitted her beauty.7. I heard a low cry coming from the corner.8. Will you go to the party instead of me?9. When he worked it was a period of good fortune and success in

money matters.10. I have some problems with money and I awfully want your

help.11. They had only two treasures — Delia's long hair and Jim's

watch.12. I'm sure he'll know no more even if I tell him the truth.13. I used to gather seashells as a hobby, but now I gather stamps.14. He was shocked and spoke with difficulty.Exercise 9. Translate the sentences paying special attention to

the meaning of the italicized words and phrases from the Vocabulary.1. Jason merely shook his head, walked out of the building, climbed

into his car and drove north. 2. Out in the street, they tossed hand grenades

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to distract the arriving gendarmes, leapt into their car, and sped toward the seaport. 3. Let's hope it's our only one, Yoni thought as he leapt out of the aircraft on to the tarmac to confer with Zvi, who was riding in the second plane. 4. He didn't add that it was a rare opportunity to make a quantum leap ahead in his career. 5. Danny suddenly leapt to his feet and began to pace the room. 6. And George soon discovered that his wife had a remark-able gift for "party politics". 7. You're strong, you're independent, you're a gifted lawyer. 8. Despite being Washington born and bred, I'm still an optimist. 9. He bore me no malice since he understood that I was a victim of my own upbringing. 10. You could have been born with this condition, which has only now surfaced. 11. I mean, he'd dedicated himself to a cause and sacrificed a lot of 'the glittering prizes. 12. Do you understand what it means to sacrifice your youth for nothing. 13. Haven't you sacrificed enough of your life? 14. This building is to honour the sacrifice of Harvard sons who died to defend the dignity of man. 15. You barely even trust yourself. That's your problem, George. 16. He couldn't bear the tension. 17. Danny was a born-again workaholic. 18. They worked themselves to such exhaustion that they barely had the strength to drive home. 19. I would have done anything to help you — even strangle Tony with my bare hands. 20. Then how can we fix this damn thing (his arm) so I can get back to work. Weisman paused and then answered softly, "Mr Rossi, I would be less than honest if I told you we could 'fix"your condition." 21. The mustard — colored wall-paper was peeling- She pulled away an edge of it, and underneath was the same marble. 22. At this juncture, he thought he saw a sparkle in the young man's eyes. 23. He had sent Lara around to collect the rents from the other boardinghouses that Sean Mac Allister owned. 24. Cathy lost count of the number of speeches she made. 25. The Class (of Harvard) had gathered to commune. They were meeting for the first time as fellow human beings. For they were not there to worship. 26. You can go and come back and no one will be the wiser.

Exercise 10. Find in the text equivalents for the following words and phrases.

економити гроші; виглядати невиразно; заслуговувати на подарунок; точний; зовнішність; розпустити волосся; власник; пишатися; впустити сльозу; оч ісяяли; вибігти з кімнати; бігати по крамницях; розсудливість; зупинити погляд; пильно дивитися; затуманені сльозами очі; підстрибнути; коштовний метал; винаходити; мати привілей; непереконливо; жертвувати.

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1. Вона дивилася затуманеними від сльз очима на ланцюжок з коштовного металу. 2. Делла сиділа, пильно вдивляючись у простір, і думала про те, що сталося. 3. Вона виглянула з вікна, побачила Джима і вибігла з кімнати. 4. Він намагався щодня економити гроші на подарунок. 5. Він непереконливо пояснив причину свого запізнення. 6. Навіщо винаходити велосипед, якщо в ньому немає потреби? 7. Він зберіг свою приємну зовнішність навіть у старості. 8. Він пишався своєю красунею дружиною і її прекрасним волоссям. 9. Лист був старий, і літери в ньому виглядали невиразно. 10. Необхідно допомогти йому, він заслужив на це. 11. Джина бігала по крамницях, але нічого не могла знайти. 12. Джим любив, коли Делла розпускала волосся. 13. Він був власником старовинного золотого годинника. 14. Дочка підстрибнула, щоб поцілувати батька, коли він увійшов до кімнати. 15. Делла пожертвувала своїм волоссям, щоб зробити чоловікові різдвяний подарунок. 16. Вона пустила сльозу на гребінці, про які так довго мріяла.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences using the words given in the Vocabulary.

1. Лід на озері не витримає твою вагу. 2. Він стрибнув в автобус, коли той від'їжджав. 3. Джим плеснув на обличчя холодної води, щоб заспокоїтися. 4. Вона зупинила свій погляд на платиновому ланцюжку. 5. Я не можу виносити запах тютюнового диму. 6. Дорожні випадки завжди привертають увагу зацікавлених. 7. Він відразу зрозумів, що її слова далекі від правди. 8. Джим був пунктуальною людиною і завжди приходив додому в один і той же час. 9. Джим обожнював свою дружину і готовий був зробити все для неї. 10. Вона часто зупиняла машину біля антикварного магазину і заходила туди, аби помилуватися красивими скриньками. 11. Постійні покупці завжди мають привілеї. 12. Він вважався кращим співробітником на фірмі.

Exercise 12. Translate the following idiomatic expression. Use them in the translation below.

count smb. in; count on; count smb. out; count heads; bear fruit; bear in mind; bear one's cross; bear the brunt; bear one's age well; bear with; pull faces; pull oneself together; pull strings; collect one's thoughts; pull one's weight.

1. Вона дуже старається, щоб виглядати молодше.2. Будь ласка, поставтеся до мене терпляче, поки я не

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заповню цю анкету.3. Хоча він і звіедений брат, його треба включити до спадку.4. Неввічливо перераховувати людей, коли вони сидять за5. Кожного разу, коли його просять заспівати, він починає

гримасувати.6. Він попросив виключити його зі списку запрошених.7. Чи можу я розраховувати, що він прийде вчасно?8. У нас було багато гарних ідей, але жодна з них не принесла

плодів.9. Я втомився виносити натиск її вимог.10. Якщо ти вплинеш на хід справи, ми досягнемо успіху.11. Коли ти поїдеш, не забувай свою сім'ю.12. Як тільки я візьму себе в руки, все буде добре.13. Я не можу допомогти тобі з цим, ти повинен нести свій

хрест.14. Я намагався зібратися з думками, але був дуже

схвильований.15. Якби ти виконав свою частину роботи, ми б закінчили її

до вечора.Exercise 13. Choose the right word and insert it in the proper

form.like — as

Note the difference between these uses of like and as.□ He has been playing tennis as a professional for two years (= he

is a professional tennis player). □ He plays tennis like a professional (= he is not a professional

tennis player,but he plays as well as someone who is). 1. He was ... a son to me.2. He works ... a representative of the company in London.3. ... a writer, she is wonderful, but ... a teacher she's not very

good.4. When the car is painted it will look ... new.5. He was dressed ... a woman.6. I am regarded by some people ... a bit of a fool.7. He treats the children ... adults.8. No one does it ... he does.9. This is considered ... .

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habit — custom"habit"— something done regularly by a single person."custom " — something that has been done for a long time by a

whole society.□ She had a habit of saying little silent prayers.□ Everybody follows the custom of giving presents at Christmas.1. Social ... vary greatly from country to country. 2. It was her ... to

go for a walk before lunch. 3. He has an annoying ... of biting his nails. 4. Religious ... are very strict in that country. 5. She has an irritating ... of interrupting people. 6. I smoke out of ... , not for pleasure. 7. It is the ... for men to take off their caps when they enter a room, but women may leave their hats on if they wish. 8. You should try to get into the ... of knowing exactly what you want to say and how you want to say it before you speak.

Exercise 14. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.The Cook

by J.M.WardSusan and Peter got married ... Rome where Peter was working ... a

teacher ... the Parker Institute.They lived a nice room ... the Anconi Hotel and had their meals ...

the restaurant ... the hotel.Some time later Susan got an urgent telegram ... her home ...

England which said that her mother felt bad. So she had to fly ... London.Today she was lo come back and Peter was waiting ... her... Rome

Airport. The plane landed... a short delay. Susan got ... , went ... the Customs and Passport Control and came...... Peter.

"Hello", she said. "How are you?""Fine. And you?""Oh, I am tired, but happy to be back. Any news?""Yes, I've rented a comfortable flat ... us. I've been living there ... a

week already. It is very close ... the Anconi Hotel. Are you glad, Susan?""Of course I am, but I'm also afraid. You know, I can't cook.""It's all right. I'll cook our rneals. And we won't have lo eat ... home

all the time. We can sometimes go ... the Anconi restaurant and eat our favourite dishes there."

It took them about an hour lo get ... the airport ... their new home."Well, you have a look ... the flat," Peter said, "and I'll cook our

lunch. We are going lo have fried meat, if you don't mind. It will be ready

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very quickly." And he went ... the kitchen. Soon Susan came ... and looked ... the meat.

"It looks very nice, but why are you cooking it ,.. butter?""Never mind," Peter told. "It'll cook itself. We can go and have

some beer."... the room they sat ...... the sofa and began lo drink beer and ex-

change news. Some minutes laterSusan asked: "Don't you think the meat can burn?"They came ... the kitchen. "It has burnt, after all," Peter said."Have you ever cooked meat before?" Susan asked."As a matter ... fact, I haven't"."Neither have I," said Susan. "You know what, let's go ... the

Anconi restaurant. They serve delicious fried meal there."Exercise 15. Translate the following sentences using fast as an

adverb and an adjective (for reference see "English Grammar" — The Adverb).

Models: 1. My hair grows awfully fast. 2. He prefers taking a fast train.

1. Він швидко біг, щоб встигнути на роботу. 2. Швидка й гучна музика завжди діє моїм батькам на нерви. 3. Мій годинник поспішає на 5 хвилин, тому я завжди приходжу рано. 4. Вона розмовляє так швидко, що я не можу зрозуміти її. 5. Хороше насіння проростає (to sprout) дуже швидко, 6. Їй треба було дуже швидко дістати грошей, щоб купити подарунки. 7. Швидкісна залізниця (track) між Петербургом і Москвою заощадить багато часу. 8. Швидка машина могла б довезти мене до Сіверської за годину.

Relationship. Phrases and Idioms:Joe and I get on well with each other, [have a good relationship] Tony and Jane have broken up/split up. [ended their relationship]

nm Let's try and make it up. [be friends again after a row]

Exercise 1 6. Translate the following sentences using both/both ... and.

Model 1: I have two friends. Both (of them) speak French.Model 2: Both John and Brian speak French.1. Обидва пишалися своїми скарбами. 2. І Джим, і Делла

кохали один одного і були щасливі. 3. Як Джим, так і Делла прагнули дістати гроші на різдвяний подарунок. 4. Обидва хотіли подарувати

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щось особливе. 5. "Яке з оповідань О’Генрі тобі подобається більше — "Останній листок" або "Дари волхвів"?" "Обидва". 6. Обидва оповідання я читала, коли навчалася в школі. 7. І Мері, і Енн уміють плавати. До того ж, обидві вміють кататися на ковзанах. 8. Вони обидва від’їжджають завтра.

SPEECH PRACTICEExercise 1 7 Memorize the following proverbs and sayings.

Use them in discussing the story.1. A light purse is a heavy curse. Легкий кошелек — тяжке

прокляття.2. Poverty is no crime. Бідність – то не ганьба.. Бідність не

тратить честі.Exercise 18. Make up a plan of the story and retell it in

accordance with your plan.Exercise 19. Tell the story as if you werea) the author; b) Jim; c) Delia.Exercise 20. Write out words and expressions pertaining to:a) Delia's hair; b) Jim's watch; c) the place where Jim and Delia

live.Exercise 21. Use them in the corresponding descriptions.Pick out from the story adjectives and other words used to describe:a) Delia's feelings and behaviour when she was thinking of Jim's

present;b) Delia's feelings and behavior when she saw the combs.Speak on Delia's feelings using the words.Exercise 22. Who are these words applied to? Sort them out and

use them accordingly in describing Delia and Jim.Pretty; anxious; serious; beautiful hair; wake; save a penny; sobs;

slender; shining and rippling; cascade; rosy wings; rare present; thin; stare fixedly; scream of joy; tiny; close lying curls; look critically; lose color; ransack the stores; unfold; tumble down; get the money; something fine and rare; peculiar expression; change to tears and wails; worship for long.

Exercise 23. Quote some sentences from the story which describe:a) Delia's feelings when she heard Jim's step on the stairs. b) Jim's

reaction when he saw Delia with the hair cut.Exercise 24. Select and write out from the story words and

expressions for the topic "The Love".Exercise 25. Topics for discussion and essays

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a) Delia and Jim's life. b) Delia's sacrifice. c) Say whether you approve/disapprove/understand the heroes' sacrifices. d) Explain how you understand the title of the story.

Exercise 26. Give a free translation of the text.1. Першими європейськими мешканцями

Нью-Інгленда були англійські протестанти, які прибули до Америки у пошуках свободи релігії. Вони запровадили в регіоні характерне політичне врядування - міські збори, на яких громадяни обговорювали нагальні питання. Право голосу мали лише ті, хто володів власністю. Завдяки цьому мешканці Нью-Інгленда набули значного політичного досвіду. Вони рано зрозуміли, що обробляти великі ділянки землі, як було прийнято на Півдні, у цьому регіоні важко. До середини 18-го століття більшість поселенців зайнялися іншими ремеслами: суднобудуванням, рибальством та торгівлею. У цих справах нью-інглендці зажили репутації людей роботящих, ощадливих і майстерних.

2. Перші переселенці Середньої Атлантики займалися переважно землеробством та торгівлею, а регіон відігравав роль моста між Півднем та Північчю. Місто Філадельфія, розташоване у штаті Пенсільванія стало місцем "народження" Декларації про Незалежність у 1776 році та Конституції Сполучених Штатів у 1787 році. Коли почала розвиватися важка індустрія, річки, такі як Гудзон та Делавер, перетворилися на життєво важливі лінії руху пароплавів. Міста, розташовані на важливих водних шляхах, - Нью-Йорк на річці Гудзон, Філадельфія на річці Делавер та Балтімор у Чесапікській затоці, - швидко зросли до великих розмірів. Нью-Йорк і досі є найбільшим містом, фінансовим та культурним центром країни.

3. Південь спочатку був заселений англійськими протестантами. Однак після 1800 року інтереси промислової Півночі та аграрного Півдня почали набувати розбіжностей, основною причиною яких було рабство. У 1860 році 11 північних штатів залишили Союз з метою створення самостійної держави-Конфедерації Штатів Америки. Такий крок спричинив Громадянську війну і скасування рабства. Проте це не надало афро-американцям політичної та економічної

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рівності. В містах Півдня було легалізовано та вдосконалено практику расової дискримінації. Багато зусиль довелося докласти афроамериканцям та їхнім прихильникам, щоб покінчити з нею. Сьогодні Південь перетворився на виробничий район з великими містами, такими як Атланта та Літтл Рок, штат Арканзас. І

4. Більша частина території Середнього Заходу лежить на рівнині. Річка Міссісіпі відігравала життєво важливу роль для регіону, перевозячи переселенців до місць їхнього проживання та продукти на ринки. Тутешні мешканці вважаються щирими, дружніми людьми, які дотримуються свого слова, обережно ставляться до політики, а також є прихильниками ізоляціонізму, тобто вважають, що американці не повинні надто перейматися проблемами інших країн. Центром регіону вважається Чікаго, штат Іллінойс, третє найбільше місто в країні.

5. Південний Захід відрізняється від сусіднього Середнього Заходу погодними умовами (сухіший клімат), населенням (менша щільність) та етнічним складом (значна присутність іспано-американців та місцевих американських індіанців). Збільшення населення на гарячому, сухому Південному Заході залежить під двох чинників: гребель та кондиціонерів повітря. Греблі на річці Колорадо та на інших річках, а також канали, побудовані за проектом "Центральна Арізона", постачаючи воду таким колись маленьким містам, як Лас-Вегас у штаті Невада, Фінікс у штаті Арізона та Альбукерк у штаті Нью Мехіко, допомогли їм

перетворитися на ділові та культурні центри.6. Захід - це регіон масштабних мальовничих краєвидів.

Рельєф усіх тутешніх штатів є частково гірським. Вітри з Тихого океану приносять на західну частину верхівок гір достатньо вологи. Однак землі, розташовані далі на схід, дуже сухі. Наприклад, західні території штату Вашингтон отримують за рік опадів у 20 разів більше, ніж східна частина Каскадних гір, розташованих на території цього ж штату. Щільність населення на Заході досить мала. Аляска - найпівнічніший штат країни - має нечисельне населення і велику площу, де створюються національні парки. Гаваї є єдиним штатом, де

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американці азіатського походження переважають населення європейського походження. Лос-Анджелес, друге найбільше місто США, відоме розташованим поблизу Голлівудом. Завдяки бурхливому зростанню населення Лос-Анджелеса та "Силіконової долини" поблизу Сан Хосе, за кількістю жителів Каліфорнія є найбільшим штатом країни.

Exercise 27 Fill in the correct tense of the infinitive or the -ing form.

1. We'd better not bother her - she seems …. (study). 2. The accused denied....(do) anything wrong. 3. Paul pretended … (win) a lot of money but in fact he had won nothing at all. 4. She must....(work) outdoors when we rang. She didn't answer the phone. 5. Jane hoped ... (give) the prize, but someone else won it. 6. He seemed ....(swim). He was all wet. 7.1 should .... (give) him some money before I went out, but I forgot. 8. She says she would love ... (come) to dinner with us tonight. 9. He must .... (practise) that piece for hours - he plays it very well now. 10. The athlete seemed … (be) out of breath - he must ....(run) for hours. 11. Peter claims ... (choose) as the best-dressed man of the year. 12. They could ...(prepare) a meal for us last night instead of making us go out to eat. 13. John must .... (be) very busy these days - I never see him. 14. The house looks so clean now. They must ....(clean) all day. 15. Jan should....(give) us her new address before she left. 16. The two men appeared ...(try) to break into the building when the police arrived. 17. You should ... (study) now instead of watching TV.

Exercise 28 Fill in the -ing form or the infinitive in the appropriate tense.

Tom: Do you think Mary would like 1) …(go) to the theatre with me tonight?

Jo: I don't think so. She seems 2) ...(study) very hard at the moment.

Tom: That's a shame! I would have liked 3)....(go) out with her.Jo: I wouldn't mind 4) ...(come) with you.Tom: OK. But I think you should 5)....(talk) to Mary. The last time

I saw her she claimed 6)..... (work) till 2 o'clock every morning for the past month. It's not good for her, you know.

Jo: I know. I must 7) ....(talk) to her about it. But you know how she hates 8)...... (tell) what to do.

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Exercise 29 Rephrase the following as in the example:1.1 must go to the gym to keep fit. - I want …… . 2. He must eat

less. - I want …… 3. They must tell her the truth. - I want …… 4. You must change your clothes. They're wet. - I want …… 5. She must get up early. - I want …… 6.1 must learn to type. – He wants … . 7. She mustn't speak rudely. – I don’t want …. 8. She must stay in bed for a week. – The doctors wants … 9. They must leave early. – They want… .10. They must apologise. - I want ……

Exercise 30 Write what each word is followed by: F.I. (full inf.,) B.I. (bare inf.) or -ing (form).

1. mind 2. make 3. what 4. used 5. decide 6. suggest 7. refuse 8. would love 9. be seen 10. it's no use 11. would 12. risk 13.can 14. be used to 15. object to 16. it's worth

Exercise 31 Complete the conversation between a travel agent and a woman, using the infinitive or the -ing form.

A: Good morning, madam. Can I 1)... (help) you? W: Yes. I'd like 2) .... (book) a holiday please.A: Certainly. I must 3) .....(ask) you a few questions. Now... where

would you like 4) ....(go)? How long are you going 5) .... (stay)? Would you prefer 6)....(have) a relaxing beach holiday or 7).........(go) sightseeing? Which countries are you interested in 8) …(visit)? What means of transport do you prefer?

W: Well, young man. I don't know where 9)... (go) or how long 10) .... (stay). I hate 11) (go) to the beach and I don't enjoy sightseeing. I don't want 12) … (visit) any foreign countries because foreign food makes me 13)..... (feel) ill. As for means of transport, I'm too frightened 14)...(fly) in an aeroplane. I hate 15)... (go) on boats, I don't like 16)... (travel) and 17).... (travel) by train on a coach makes me 18) (feel) sick.

A: Well madam, I don't know what 19)... (suggest). I don't want 20).... (appear) rude, but I really think you should 21) (stay) at home!!

Exercise 32 Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the infinitive without "to".

Last night I heard car breaks … (screech) and people 2) .... (shout) in the street. When I looked out of the window I saw a crowd of about twenty people 3) (stand) around a young boy 4) ... (lie) in the street. Next. I saw the driver of the car 5) .... (approach) the crowd and 6)....(kneel down) by the boy. he was 7) ....(look) very anxious. 8)...(watch) the drama from my window, I began 9) .....(consider) the boy's family. Then a few minutes

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later. I saw a young woman 10)....(run) towards the scene and 11)... (push) her way through the crowd. Soon, I heard an ambulance siren 12) ... (scream) in the distance 13) .... (get) closer and closer. Then I saw the ambulance stop in front of my house. I watched the ambulance men 14) ....(get out) and 15)... (run) to the injured boy. Minutes later I saw them 16) ....(run back) to their ambulance with the boy on a stretcher followed by his mother.

Exercise 33 Fill in infinitive with or without "to", or the -ing form.

1. Charlie goes...(swim) every morning in summer. 2. Thompson admitted.... (murder) his wife. 3. He left England .... (live) in another country. 4.1 think you'd better .... (go) home. 5. It was kind of you.... (lend) me your jacket. 6. He ran all the way home without ... (stop). 7. The teacher made him .... (write) the composition again. 8. What's the use of...(cry)?

Exercise 34 Fill in the infinitive or -ing form.The rules in my new school are very strict. The teachers don't allow

1) … (talk) in class at all. We are only permitted 2) ... (speak) if they ask us a question. On the first day. the headmaster advised us all 3)..... (work) very hard. In fact, he recommended 4) .....(study) for at least four hours every evening! We are not allowed 5) ...(leave) the school at lunchtime but we are encouraged 6)... (join) one of the school clubs. Next week I'm starting chess.

Exercise 35 Fill in the infinitive or -ing form in the appropriate tense.

My uncle Ted likes 1) .. (tell) stories. He claims 2) ...(meet) lots of famous people and 3)....(see) many strange things in his life. Many people believe him because he seems 4) ....(tell) the truth. Even if they didn't believe him, nobody would risk 5) ... (say) so, because he's a very big and frightening man. One day he pretended 6) ....(talk) to the President on the phone while my brother and I were in the room. "Hello, Mr President," he said. "You seem 7) ... (have) some problems running the country and I would like 8)....(offer) you some advice." My brother and I started 9) .... (laugh) and my uncle Ted slammed down the receiver. "You must 10) ....(hear) something amusing," he shouted. "What is it?" We were very frightened. We hated 11)... (think) what he would do to us if he thought we were laughing at him, so we pretended 12) ...(tell) jokes to each other.

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Exercise 36 Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the -ing form.

1. Remember.....(go) to the bank. You've got to pay the bills. 2.1 don't remember .... (see) this film before. 3. When he had written his first book he went on ... (write) seven more. 4. She went on ... (talk) even after her friend had fallen asleep. 5.1 regret .... (leave) school at the age of 16. 6.1 regret.... (tell) you that you have failed the test. 7. He means ... (build) a boat and travel round the world. 8. Doing well on this course means .... (study) very hard. 9. I've been trying .... (start) this car for hours. 10. Why don't you try ..... (put) some petrol in the tank? 11.1 don't want to drive a car; I'm afraid of.... (have) an accident. 12. He's afraid .... (walk) alone at night. 13. She forgot ... (invite) her best friend to the party. 14. I'll never forget ... (see) snow for the first time. 15. On the way home he stopped .... (buy) some chocolate. 16. The baby didn't stop .... (cry) all night. 17. These windows are dirty. They need .... (wash). 18.1 want .... (speak) to Sally, please. 19. She's really sorry for .... (shout) at you last night. 20. I'm sorry ... (tell) you your car has been stolen

Exercise 37 Complete the text using "too" or "enough".Gary is leaving school this year but he doesn't know what he wants

to do. He isn't motivated 1) .... go to university. He'd quite like to be an engineer but he thinks it would be 2) ... difficult. His father wants him to work in the family shop but that's not exciting 3).........................for Gary. He hasn't got 4) .... patience to sit in a shop all day. He wants to travel, so the navy seems to be a good idea, although the rules are a bit 5)...strict. Someone suggested driving a taxi but the hours are 6)...long and he wouldn't earn 7).... money. There really is nothing that interests him enough.

8 Fill in the correct participle.Paul: You must be very 1)...(excite). Paris is a 2) ....(fascinate)

city. There are so many 3)....(interest) things to do. You won't be 4).... (bore).

Jane: Well, I'm a bit 5)...(worry) because I can't speak French very well.

Paul: You should buy a phrase book and then you won't be 6)....(embarrass) if someone speaks to you. They won't be 7) .... (annoy) if you make a mistake, and most people will be 8) .... (please) if you ask for something in French.

Jane: I'm sure they'll find my accent very 9) .....(amuse).

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Paul: Don't be silly. I'm sure you'll have a very 10) ....(stimulate) holiday.

39 Underline the correct item.1. The children were thrilled / thrilling with the clown's tricks. 2.

The adventure was excited / exciting. 3. She was interested / interesting in anything antique. 4. Her experience was terrified / terrifying. 5. The police were puzzled / puzzling by the clues. 6. What an amazing / amazed person he is! 7. He was very surprised / surprising by her sudden change of attitude. 8. She felt relaxed / relaxing in the hot sun. 9. He was disturbed / disturbing by the threatening phone calls. 10. He found the history lesson extremely bored / boring.

Exercise 40 Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold type.

1. Could you pass me the salt? mind .. Do/Would you mind passing me the salt?

2. It is dangerous to drive at high speed. driving ..... 3. The water is too cold to swim in. enough .... 4. He took only an hour to learn to play chess. It.... 5. Writing the composition took her all night. spent .....6. My mother made me apologise for my behaviour. was..... 7.1 found the book boring. bored... 8. Do you mind moving over a little? could.... 9. We were interested in the information, found…. 10. He isn't old enough to get married. too ....

Exercise 41 Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.irasal Verbs

get away : escapeget on : 1) make progress (also get along) 2) enter a bus, train

etc. (opp. get off)get on with : have a friendly relationship with sb; get along with sbget through : 1) reach sb by telephone 2) manage to finish sth1. Our son is getting ….well at college. 2. If I can get ... all my

homework, I'll go to the cinema later. 3. The thief got.... by climbing over the garden wall. 4.1 really get ... my brother. We never argue. 5.1 can't get ..... to Joe. I'll phone again later. 6. Ann got ....the train just as it was about to leave and got .... at Portland.

Exercise 42 Fill in the correct preposition.1. London is famous.......its museums. 2. I am fed ....... this cold

weather. 3. My grandmother is very fond ...her grandchildren. 4. Don't be frightened .... the big spider. 5. The teacher was furious..... the class

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because they were talking. 6. She will never forgive me.. lying to her. 7. The boss was generous......everyone at Christmas. 8. It was very generous..... you to let me use your car. 9. He's good.....speaking English. 10. Grandfather is always good .... me. 11. Sarah was grateful .... her friend .....babysitting.

Exercise 43 Fill in the correct idiom.make a fortune:make a lot of moneymake a fuss: complain loudlymake up one's mind: decidemake a living: earn moneydrop sb a line : send sb an informal letter pull sb's leg: make fun of sb by pretending sth is truebreak a record: make a new record (Olympic, World record etc)

break sb's heart: make sb very sad1. Bob …when he said there was a snake on my bed. He just

wanted to tease me. 2. There’s no need to …because I didn't wash up. I'll do it later. 3.Please.....while

you're in Germany. 4. I can't......whether to buy a Porsche or a BMW. 5. Her fiance ..........when he left her. 6. John Spencer.... in business and became a millionaire. 7. The old lady manages to ...selling flowers. 8. The athlete … at the last Olympics.

Exercise 44 Choose the correct item.John Jones is a 45-1) ....(years/years'/year) -old antique dealer.

He studied History of Art 2) ...... (in/at/on) university and 3) ..... (has collected/has been collecting/collected) things since he was a child. He loves 4) (buylng/buy/have bought) antiques and 5) .... (found/had found/has found) some good bargains so far. The only problem is that he finds it 6)..... (such/too/enough) hard to sell the things he has bought 7) (if/because/while) he likes them all. One day last week he came 8)....(into/across/at) the most beautiful antique wooden trunk he had 9)....(already/ever/never) seen. As he was 10).....(in/on/at) a hurry he told his driver to 11) ....(fetch/bring/take) the trunk to his shop. When the driver 12) ... (arrived/ reached/got) the shop, he 13) ...(needn't/couldn't/mustn't) find a place to put the trunk so he left it by the front door. 14)......

(At/In/By) that moment an old man came 15) (into/at/by) the shop to 16) ....(spot/look/search) around. When he saw the trunk, he asked for

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17) ....(it's/each/ its) price. It was just then 18) .....(before/that/when) the door opened and a furious lady 19) ....(broke into/entered/got) the shop. "Don't touch that trunk!", she screamed. "It belongs 20) ...(in/to/at) me."

Exercise 45 Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold type.

1. I've never heard this group before. first . It's the first time I've (ever) heard thle group.

2. She hasn't written to me for a long time. since .... 3. This is the worst food I've ever eaten. never ... 4.1 haven't been to the cinema for months. last... 5. When did you leave school? how ... 6. They took only one day to paint the house. it ....7. It's exciting to climb mountains. climbing ....

Exercise 46 Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.1. When do schools break ... for Christmas? 2. The detective

came.....an important clue quite by chance. 3. War broke .... between Britain and Germany in 1939. 4. She ignored the ringing telephone and carried .... her work. 5. After leaving London we headed… Oxford. 6. Someone broke .... the school and stole the computers. 7. There was so much noise that I couldn't concentrate .....my work. 8. Can I borrow some money ...you until tomorrow? 9. Although I'm bad .... crosswords. I love doing them. 10. Have you heard .........the earthquake in Italy?

Exercise 47 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.Sammy Milton 1) . .(not/be) very clever. He 2).... (walk) along the

beach one day when he 3).... (trip) over something and 4) ... (fall) on the sand. He 5).... (not/look) where he was going. "What 6) .... (be) this?" he said, picking up the object he 7).... (trip) over. "I 8)... (never/see) anything like it before." It was, in fact, a very old oil lamp, and as he 9) ..... (rub) it, a genie suddenly 10)... (fly) out of it. "You 11)... (just/release) me from the lamp!" said the genie. "Now you may have three wishes." "Great" said Sammy who 12).... (feel) very thirsty. "13).... (want) a bottle of lemonade that never 14).... (run out)."

"No problem." said the genie, and 15) ............. (produce) one instantly. Sammy picked up the bottle and 16) (drink) all the lemonade in one go. Magically, the bottle 17) (fill) itself up again. Sammy drank all that, and exactly the same thing 18) ..... (happen) again.

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'That's amazing!" he said. "Thanks very much!" "You still 19)..... (have) two more wishes young man." 'That's easy," said Sammy. "I 20)..... (have) two more of these bottles of lemonade!"

Exercise 48 Put the verbs in brackets into Past S., Past Pert., Past Cont. or Past Perf. Cont.

Sally Deedes 1) … (walk) home late one night. She 2)...... (be) to a dinner party at her friend's house. The city streets 3)...... (be) empty and it 4)... (rain) slightly. She 5)...(look forward) to getting safely home to bed because at dinner her friends 6)........(talk) about a dangerous murderer who 7)... (escape) from prison the week before. Her friend Mark 8)... (offer) to walk home with her but, as she 9)… (live) only a mile away, she 10)....(tell) him that she would be OK. She was about halfway home when she 11).....(hear) footsteps behind her. She 12) ...(stop) and 13).... (turn) around, but she couldn't see anyone and the footsteps 14) ......(stop) as well. When she continued on her way the footsteps 15).... (start) again.

She 16) (begin) to feel afraid. She started to run. The footsteps 17) ......(get) closer. Suddenly she 18)....(feel) a hand on her shoulder and she 19).....(scream) in terror. "Sally! Sally! It's me, Mark." He tried to explain that he 20)..... (be) worried about her and 21) ..... (decide) to follow her home. But Sally 22) ....... (can/not) hear a word because she 23) .....(already/faint).

Exercise 49 Read the numbered lines and correct the mistakes in the spaces provided. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (*/).

1. James Tibbs was travelling on a train his way to a job2. interview in the city centre when he realise with horror that3. he was on the wrong train. He was knowing he would be late4. for the interview and wouldn't get the job. He has thought how5. silly he had been when suddenly the train screeched to a halt.6. A lady which was sitting opposite him fell off her seat onto the7. floor. James helped her get up and picked up her things which lie8. on the carriage floor. The train set off again. The women9. thanked him and they began talk. James was telling her about his10. job interview after she suddenly burst into laughter. James11. was very confusing. The lady explained that her husband was12. the boss of the company where his interview is to have been.13. James was relaxing at home the other day when the telephone

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14. rang. It was the lady husband. He was calling to offer him the job.

Exercise 50 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.One day a little Indian boy 1) …(sit) outside his wigwam. He 2) ..

(wonder) how the Indians 3) ....(choose) their children's names. He 4) ... (decide) to go and ask the Indian Chief. "Well," 5).... (explain) the Chief, "we 6)....(love) nature and when a new baby 7).... (be) born, we 8)... (look) around and we 9)..... (choose) a name from what we 10) ....(see), like Flowing Waterfall. Bright Star. Running Bull and so on. 11)..... (you/understand)?" "Yes, chief," the little Indian boy said. "Why 12) .... (you/be) so interested in this, Two Dogs Fighting?", the Chief asked.

SPEECH PRACTICE1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two

concepts: the melting pot and the salad bowl? How can the American concept be applied in other countries, including Ukraine?

2. What are the most typical features of American character? Are they related to any historical factors( the population composition, the immigration background etc.)

3. Compare the Calendar days in Britain, the USA and Ukraine. What days are the same? What is similar and what is different between American, British and Ukrainian Calendar days?

4. Speak on regional variations in Great Britain, the USA and Ukraine.

5. What do you know about Scotland? What do you know about the Loch Ness monster? Do you believe it? Why or why not?

6. Compare the history of the countries of Ireland and Ukraine and of their national languages. Do you see any similarities? What are they? What are the differences?

7. Is there such a thing as the “Ukrainian national character”? What might be the principle features of such character? How do you think the foreigners see Ukrainians?

8. Explain the following: a) “Art is long and life is fleeting”. (Longfellow) b) “All art is but imitation of nature”. (Seneka) c) Art forms our outlook and enriches our inner world. D) Art holds up people’s spirits in the tragic moments of their lives. e) The language of art is universal.

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9. Discuss the following problems: What makes good art? Do you think art can be great if it is not linked with the people’s lives, their interests and ideals What purposes does true art serve? . Give your reasons.

Share your opinions: real art appeals to the heart and mind of man, to his feelings and ideals and it proclaims life. Art is life, pretence of art is death.

10. Can you think of a day without music? What role does music play in your life? What musical genres do you know and what role does folk music play in all of them? What do you know of videoclips? How do they affect music?

Discuss the following quotations. DEBUSSI: “Music is a free art, an open-air art, an art boundless as the wind, the sky, the sea.”. SHOSTAKOVITCH: “I find it impossible that an artist wish to shut himself away from the people. I always try to make myself as widely understood as possible and if I don’t manage it, I consider it my fault.” LONGFELLOW: “Music is the universal language of mankind.”

11. Discuss the following problems: Discuss the effect of rock music on young people. Speak about your favorite rock star. Give your impressions of a concert and speak about your favorite ballets and operas. Prove this statement: Many people say that learning music is a waste of time.

12. Speak on topics “British music”, “The outstanding composers of Great Britain” “Ukrainian music”, “The outstanding composers of Ukraine”.

13. Compare the popularity of musicals in the USA and Ukraine. Do you see any difference? What kind of theatre genres can you think of (e.g. opera, ballet …?) What other genres of theatrical production are there in Ukraine? Which are the most popular ones? What would you suggest to attract people to the theaters in Ukraine? Give some examples?

14. Discuss the following problems: a) It is often believed that TV and the cinema are eclipsing theatrical art which is actually dying. b) Many people believe that it’s much more convenient to watch a performance on TV at home. You don’t have to bother about the tickets, a baby-sitter, transport, etc. Give your comments.

15. a) What are the mass media? b) The violence on TV and in movies creates violence in real life. c) There should be government censorship of TV programmers and movies. d) Movie stars and television

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heroes are of no value to society. e) Radio and television should not be commercial; the public should own the stations.

16. Describe the work of a TV announcer. Express your opinion on the following points of view: Some people say that television kills conversation. Does it? Television is a wonderful invention. Do you agree? Children and TV is a great problem, isn’t it?

17. Discuss the following problems: a) If you had enough some money to spend on TV or hi-fi equipment, what would you buy? Give your reasons. b) You are invited to broadcast for three minutes on any subject you choose. What would you say? C) Suppose you’ve been asked to prepare a short interesting TV programmer on some subject you’re familiar with. Give some idea of the programmer you would prepare.

18. Compare British television and television in our country. Pay attention to the following aspects: 1. the quality of the commercials 2. the frequency of commercial breaks 3. the realism of the “soap “ opera 4. the degree of violence 5. the number of channels 6. the number of imported American programmes 7. the number of sports programmes 8. any other aspect of television.

19. Speak on the topic: Advertising and Television.

2. CONTROL WORK 6

Exercise 1. Translate the following text into Ukrainian

THE LAST LEAF(abridged)

by О'HenryAt the top of a three-story brick house in Greenwich Village1 Sue

and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine2; the other from California. They had met at the table d'hote5 of an Eighth Street "Delmomco's", and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted.

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That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia4, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.

Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric5 old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs6 was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer'. But Johnsy he smote: and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch windowpanes at the blank side of the next brick house.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, gray eyebrow.

"She has one chance in — let us say, ten," he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?"

"She — she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue."Paint? — bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking

about twice — a man, for instance?""A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth — but, no, doctor; there is

nothing of the kind.""Well, it is the weakness, then," said the doctor. "I will do all that

science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-Five chance for her, instead of one in ten."

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep.

She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.

As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle on the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.

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Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting — counting backward.

"Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together.

Sue looked solicitously out of the window. What was there to count?

There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, climbed halfway up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks.

"What is it, dear?" asked Sue. "Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.

"Five what, dear. Tell your Sudie." "Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go8, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"

"Oh, I never heard of such nonsense," complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine, so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey5. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were — let's see exactly what he said — he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street-cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing10, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self i."

"You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another, No, I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too."

"Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done work-ing? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down."

"Couldn't you draw in the other-room?" asked Johnsy, coldly."I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "Besides, I don't want you to

keep looking at those silly ivy leaves."

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"Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes, and lying white and still as a fallen statue, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves."

"Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move 'til 1 come back."

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and he had been always about to paint a master-piece, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a profes-sional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who regarded himself as the protector of the two young artists in the studio above.

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly12 of jumper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.

Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings.

"Vass!B" he cried. "Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not bose as a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der prain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Yohnsy."

"She is very ill and weak," said Sue, "and the fever has left her mind morbid and full of strange fancies. Very well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not. care to pose for me, you needn't. But I think you are a horrid old — old flibbertigibbet."

"You are just like a woman!" yelled Behrman. "Who said J will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! dis is not any blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I will baint masterpiece, and ve shall all go away. Gott! yes."

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Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit-miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.

When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

"Pull it up; I want to see," she ordered, in a whisper.Wearily Sue obeyed. But, lo! after the beating rain and fierce gusts

of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last on the vine. It hung bravely from a branch some twenty feet above the ground.

"It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall to-day, and I shall die at the same time."

"Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, "think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"

But Johnsy did not answer.The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see

the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

"I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and — no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook." An hour later she said.

"Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples." The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left.

"Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "With good nursing you'll win. And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is — some kind of an artist, I believe.

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Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more com-fortable."

The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You've won. Nutrition and care now-that's all."

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all.

"I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him on the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and — look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved hen the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece — he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

Notes1. Greenwich ['gnnids] Village — it is a part of New York in the

Southwest of Manhattan Island. It is a very quiet part of the city in which artists and writers live. Long ago it was a separate village.

2. Maine is a state to the north of New York. It is moutainous and has many lakes and forests.

3. table d'hote — чергові блюда4. chivalric - courteous5. zephyrs -west wind6. duffer- unintelligent person7. I must go — Jonsy means that she must die.8. goosey (slang) — a small silly child9. ... let Sudie go back to her drawing ... — Sue is speaking

about herself to Jonsy in the third person as if Jonsy were a small child.10. ... for her greedy self. — Here self has become a noun and

means own personal interests, person's own body and personality.11. smelling strongly of drink. —■ Here drink * alcoholic

drinks.

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12. vass = what — Behrman is German, he speaks poor English and with German accent.

Exercise 2. Translate all Vocabulary entries and examples and learn by heart.

VOCABULARYjoint shared by two or more people□ joint action; joint ownersresult (v) happen as an affect□ His illness resulted from eating bad food.result in something end in something; cause something to happen□ The storm resulted in a lot of flooding.move about move from place to place□ He could hear a small animal moving about in the bushes. move into move into a living or working space; start a new job□ We moved into new offices last week. move oat move out of a

living or working space□ We have a lease. We can't move out.move up (in the world) advance and become successful□ Keep your eye on John. He is really moving up. fair - 1. free from dishonesty□ There must be fair play in this competition.2. rather good, large, fine, etc□ Her knowledge of the language is fair.3. (of weather) fine; clear4. (having skin or hair that is) light in colour □ She has an amazingly fair complexion.fair-weather friend - someone who is your friend only when

things arc going well for you (This person will desert you when things go badly for you.

Compare to "A friend in need is a friend indeed") □ A fair-weather friend isn't much help in emergency. fair (n) a market held for selling something.□ A book fair was held in front of the Alexander Drama Theatre

every May.blank (adj.) 1. without writing, or other marks□ Write your name in the blank space at the top of the page. 2.

without understanding

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□ When he gave me a blank look 1 understood that he was not listening to me.

look blank look confused, puzzled blank (n) an empty space□ When I tried to remember his name, my mind was a complete

blank.shake, shook, shaken move quickly□ Shake the bottle before use. shake hands (with someone) clasp and shake someone's hand□ His hands were full but I tried to shake hands with him. shake in one's boots/shoes be afraid; shake from fear□ Stop shaking in your boots, Bob. I'm not going to fire you. shake like a leaf tremble with cold or fearshake down make something settle by shaking□ I shook the olives down in the jar to make room for more. shake off someone/something 1. (slang) get rid of someone□ I want to shake off John. He's such a pest! 2. avoid getting a disease□ I'm afraid I did not succeed in shaking off my cold. shake up 1. upset, disturb□ The sad news has shaken her up pretty badly. 2. mix one or more substances by shaking□ I had to shake up the can to mix the paint well.worth1. of the value of□ This house is worth a lot of money.2. having possessions amounting to... □ She is worth £1.000.000.3. good enough for; deserving□ It's worth making an effort to look well-dressed. worthy (of) deserving□ His activity is worthy of praise.bare (adj.) uncovered; empty; without□ bare skin/bare fields barefoot (adj, adv) without shoesbareheaded (adj, adv) without a hat barely (adv) only just; hardly

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□ We have barely enough money to last the weekend.climb 1. move, esp. from a lower to a higher position, up, over, or

through,esp. by using the hands and feet.□ Do you think the child can climb that tree? 2. rise to a higher point; go higher□ The plane climbed quickly. climb (n) a journey upwards made by climbing□ After a climb of two hours, they reached the top.complain (v) express feelings of annoyance, pain, unhappiness,

etc; speak or say in an unhappy, annoyed or dissatisfied way □ Father is complaining of a pain in his chest. complaint (n) 1. a cause or reason for complaining□ The workers made a list of their complaints to the Board. 2. a statement expressing annoyance, pain, unhappiness, etc.□ The police received several complaints about the noise from

our party.bend (v) bent (cause to) lean away from an upright position □ bend over/down/forward/back □ She bent down to pick up the coin.fancy (v) imagine□ Only fancy! He's failed his examination. fancy oneself have too high of an opinion of oneself□ He fancies himself (as) a good swimmer.hang (v) hung fix or be fixed at the top so that the lower part is

free.□ Hang your coat (up) on the hook.hang by a hair/thread (of someone's life, fate, etc) be in an

uncertain position□ John isn't failing geometry, but he's just hanging by a hair. hang on 1. continue holding; keep hold on□ The climber had to bang on while his companions went to find

a rope. 2. wait (esp. telephone conservation)□ Hang on a minute. He's just coming.even (adj.) 1. level; the same in height, amount□ This table isn't very even; one of its legs is too short.

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2. (of a number) that can be divided exactly by two: 2, 4, 6, etc. opposite

odd (e. g. 3) even (adv.) used for making comparisons or the surprising part of

a statement stronger□ It was cold yesterday, but it's even colder today. even if/though no matter whether; in spite of the fact that...□ Even if we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad for our

holidays. even so in spite of that, though that is true□ It's raining. Even so, we must go out.acute (adj.) 1. (of the mind or the senses) able to notice small differences;

sharp; working very well □ Acute hearing is necessary for musicians.2. severe; very great□ There is an acute shortage of teachers.3. (of diseases) coming quickly to a dangerous condition, not

lasting very long □ They think his illness is acute rather than chronic.Exercise 3 . Answer the following questions:1. How did Sue and Johnsy become friends?2. When did Johnsy fall ill?3. How did the doctor assess Johnsy's chances of recovery?4. What was Johnsy doing while lying in bed?5. What did she have on her mind?6. How did Sue behave in that situation?7. Who was Sue's model?S. What kind of life of life did Behrman lead?9. How did he take Johnsy's illness?10. What happened one morning after one dreadful night?11. How did Johnsy's behaviour change that morning?12. Why was Behrman taken ill with pneumonia?13. What was his masterpiece?Exercise 4. Translate the following words and phrases from

the text.

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1. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. 2. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories. 3. There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. 4. I want to see the last leaf fall before it get dark. Then I'll go too. 5. I want to turn loose my hold on everything. 6. Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly-lighted den below. 7. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away when her sight hold upon the world grew weaker. 8. They peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. 9- Tne day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. 10. With the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed. 11. Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woolen shoulder scarf.

Exercise 5. Find Russian equivalents to the following:Congenial; unseen; stranger; shake down the mercury; get well;

worth thinking; weakness; filter through; carriage; subtract; power of medicines; whistle; count backward; solicitously; blow off; editor man; fix eyes; keep looking; a fallen statue; beneath; masterpiece; to excess; fierce old man; fear; grow weaker; peer; rain mingled with snow; drown shade; twilight; stir; even chances; case; contentedly; dreadful night; scattered brushes.

Exercise 6. Replace the italicized parts of the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway. 2. Sue looked solicitously out of the window. 3. There was only a bare yard. 4. You used to love that vine. 5. I must hand those drawings in by tomorrow. 6. I would draw the shade down. 7. She was lying white and still as a fallen statue. 8. He was about to paint a masterpiece. 9. He drank gin to excess and still talked of his coming masterpiece. 10. He was an old man who regarded himself & the protector of the two young artists. 11. She told him of Johnsy's fancy. 12. Sue motioned Behrman into the other room. 13. They peered out the window at the ivy vine. 14. A cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. 15. They could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem. 16. "With good nursing you'll win," said the doctor. 17. She's out of danger.

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Exercise 7. Find in the text equivalents to the following word and phrases.

Цегляний дом; спільна студія; крижані пальці; чесна гра; ледве пересуваючись; порожній; чистий; заклопотаний лікар; вирішити; намалювати; коли-небудь; зусилля; пацієнт; похоронна процесія; фасон; дошка; робити малюнок; скаржитися; жадібний; бульйон; заплющити очі; заробляти позуванням; дуже тхнути; фантазія; піднятися вгору; опустити штору; послухатися; пориви вітру; безжалісний; злий: тремтяча рука; небезпека минула; безпорадний; від болю; геть промоклий; різкий, небезпечний напад.

Exercise. 8. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

Fair (noun); fair (adj.); unfair; blank; shake; acute; fancy oneself; worth; hang; worn-out; wear; even; fancy.

1. She has a diamond on. 2. It is dishonest to kick another player in football. 3. She was trembling with fear. 4. The surface of the board was very smooth. 5. Why do I feel so exhausted after an ordinary day's work at the office? 6. The new film deserves recognition. 7. When I was explaining his mistake he looked puzzled. 8. Every year he goes to the large show of planes which is held in the outskirts of Paris. 9. She couldn't fix the curtains at the top well enough. 10. He felt a sharp pain in his broken leg. 11. Just imagine] Sometimes his decisions can be honest. 12. She had too high an opinion of herself as a brilliant singer.

Exercise 9. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meaning of the italicized words and phrases from the Vocabulary.

I. "What about the little guy? We can't do this to him. It isn't fair." 2. Sara didn't want alimony. She felt that he should pay a fair share of child support. 3. "Fair enough," he replied."Can I walk you to the library?" 4. "Well, it's only fair, George. Most of our dinner conversation is like an interdepartment memo." 5. And what hit me hardest was how damn unfair it was. 6. She was sitting in bed, unable to move, her face pulled up on one side. 7. Her job was to give them the courage of their own worthness. 8. I think it was to prove to myself that I was really worth something as a scholar. 9. That's why he would have thought it was worth it, Saba. 10. Life without heroism and idealism is not worth living. 11, We knew that he was worth several million bucks. 12. Now only the space following Charles Jastrow remained — like the new snow outside — fresh, clean, blank. 13.

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This leads me to suspect that Harvard's given him some heavy hints that he might ultimately move into our Presidential Mansion. 14. Still, I thought she was a definite candidate until I moved up to Boston. 15. At the end of next semester she plans to move to Hawaii.

Exercise 10. Translate the following idiomatic expressions. Use them in the translation below.

Move into; move out; fair-weather friend; shake hands; shake in one's boots; shake down; shake off; shake up; hang on; hang by a hair; wear on; wear out.

1. Моє пальто остаточно зносилося, тому я придбала нове. 2. Я тремтів від страху, оскільки я повинен був побачитися з менеджером- 3. Певний час життя її трималося на волосині, але потім вона поступово зміцніла і видужала. 4. Минулого тижня я приступив до нової роботи. 5. Я чув, у вас нова квартира. Коли ви збираєтеся переїжджати? 6. Дитина повисла на матері і безперервно плакала. 7. Ми недовго залишалися з ними, тому що діти, здається, дратували їх. 8. Нам не сподобалася наша квартира, тому ми виїхали. 9. Біл ніколи не допоможе з домашнім завданням. Він абсолютно ненадійний друг. 10. Я сподіваюсь, я зможу дуже швидко звільнитися від цієї застуди. Вона мене виснажила. 11. На зустрічі директори компаній потинали один одному руку. 12. Банда злочинців заробляла на життя, витрушуваючи гроші з багатих людей. 13. Ваше грубе зауваження дійсно засмутило Тома. 14. Я добре збовтнув банку з фарбою перед тим, як використовувати її.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences using words and expressions from the text and the Vocabulary.

1. Вони виявили, що їх смаки збігаються. 2. У доктора був неспокійний погляд. 3. Було несправедливо, що хвороба вразила цю маленьку істоту. 4. Вона лежала, майже не рухаючись, і спостерігала за деревом. 5. Сью сподівалася, що подрузі стане краще, завдяки зусиллям лікаря і гарним лікам. 6. Її нічого не хвилює. 7. Вони познайомилися в кав’ярні, і результатом цієї зустрічі стала спільна студія. Вона заробляла на життя, ілюструючи оповідання в журналах. 9. Сью виглянула з вікна і побачила лише плющ на порожньому подвірі’ї. 10. Вона поскаржилася, що ніколи не чула про це. 11. Вона не могла зрозуміти, який зв'язок між опалим листям і хворою дівчиною. 12. Їй необхідно віддати малюнки редакторові завтра вранці. 13. Старий художник був невдахою. 14. Він сподівався коли-

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небудь намалювати шедевр. 15. Вона сказала, що втомилася чекати, і заплющила очі. 16. Коли в кімнаті посутеніло, вона попросила опустити штори і ввімкнути світло. 17. Хоча він був художником, він позував молодим колегам, заробляючи цим трохи грошей. 18. Від нього завжди дуже тхнуло алкоголем. 19. Вони мовчки подивилися один на одного зі страхом. 20. Він здивувався, коли йому розповіли про вигадки дівчини. 21. Вона вирішила, що листок неодмінно впаде вночі. 22. Вона безжалісно наказала підняти штору. 23. Сторож знайшов старого, який лежав на підлозі, безпорадний від страждань і геть промоклий. 24. Він сидів, втупившись у кут, і в його голові була суцільна порожнеча. 25. Чим старанніше він працює, тим швидше просувається по службі. 26. Він стояв з непокритою головою під зливоюі тремтів від холоду. 27. Він не вартий того, щоб про нього піклуватися. 28. Я як раз збирався йти, коли задзвонив телефон. 29. У своєму прагненні до влади він здійснював безчесні вчинки. 30. Вона витрусила пісок із взуття і продовжувала підніматися вгору. 31. Якщо ти не припинеш так багато працювати, ти врешті-решт вимотаєшся. 32. У мисливських собак гострий нюх і гострий зір. 33. Коли вона чекала його повернення, зима повільно тягнулася. 34. Альпініст висів на пальцях, поки його друзі не допомогли йому. 35. "Мені здається, що хтось ходить у темряві навколо будинку", — сказала вона. 36. Сью була така сердита на нього, що повісила трубку, коли він знову почав скаржитися на долю. 37. Вона так піклувалася про свою зовнішність, що виглядала молодшою за свої роки. 38. "Лінія зайнята, почекайте, будь ласка", — сказала телефоністка. 39. Він заслуговує на пошану, оскільки прийняв справедливе рішення і передумав звільняти робітників. 40. Він опустив валізу, і ми потисли один одному руки. 41. Існує забобон, що не можна дарувати парну кількість квітів. 42. Вічний брак часу дратував його.

Exercise 12. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the context meaning of the verb draw.

I. Sue drew pictures to illustrate magazine stories. 2. She drew the curtains. 3. The horse drew the cart up the hill. 4. He suddenly drew a knife and threatened me with it. 5. John drew the little boy to him. 6. I must draw your attention to the following points. 7. She drew the winning ticket in the lottery. 8. After three attempts he drew the conclusion that he would never pass the examination. 9. Don't let yourself get drawn into the argument. 10. She drew me aside and whispered in my ear. 11. I drew S100 from my

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bank account today. 12, The play is drawing large auidences. 13. She drew a deep breath and then continued crying. 14, The chimney isn't drawing very well. 15. She drew the child away from the fire. 16. The leader was gradually drawing away from the other runners. 17- The car drew up to the gate and three men got out. 18. Her shouts drew the attention of the police. 19. He drew the line at stealing. 20. She slowly drew the purse out of her suitcase. 21. The knight drew his sword to protect his lady. 22. I'm sorry but that's where I draw the line; I won't help you to cheat. 23. They drew apart from each other as other people came into the room. 24. Drawing the shade aside, he looked down into the street.

Exercise13. Insert the right word in the proper form.to expect — to wait for smb/smth"expect" 1. believe that smth will happen or come □ We expected you yesterday. □We were expecting a letter from her 2. hope or look forward□ He expected at any minute to hear his wife climbing the stairs."wait (for) " (smb/smth) — stay {not acting) until smb or smth

comes or happens □ We are waiting for the rain to stop. □ He is waiting his opportunity.1. I ... Mary home at 6 o'clock.2. Why are you so late? I ... you for an hour.3. I ,.. he'll pass the examination successfully.4. I spent forty minutes ... a bus.5. I ... a big telephone bill this month.6. The business can ... unti! after dinner.7. We ... to make a small profit this year.8. We didn't ... that the company would increase their orders.9. We ... 12 guests but only seven came.10. "Will she come soon?" "I ... so."11. We can't start the meeting yet, we ... George to arrive.12. We ... anxiously to hear the examination results.13. I didn't ... you today. I thought you were coming tomorrow.Exercise 14. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions or

conjunctions where necessary.

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My balcony looked directly ... the garden, and I saw a young woman I hadn't seen before ... the porch. She was tending the plants and carefully and slowly touching each one.

The house was quiet as I passed ... the halls and found the door that opened ... the garden. As I approached the garden, the girl looked up quickly and said ... a frightened voice: "Who's there?"

She looked right ... me. "My name is Dwight. I'm a guest ... your father."

"You must be ... the police," she said. She turned back ... her plants. I guessed she was blind. "I didn't recognize your step and you frightened me," remarked she, "nothing surprises me here ... the hill. Nothing changes here ... my sensing it immediately." She said this directly ... me, like a challenge, then she moved ... another plant and began feeling the soil ... the base ... the plant. "You may ask me questions if you want. I know all ... police investigations. I have listened ... a lot ... stories ... famous detec-tives."

Exercise 15. Fill in definite or indefinite articles where necessary

1... old English houses before ... Norman Conquest were quite low. ... most important part of ... house was ... hall. ... bedrooms and ... kitchen were separate buildings close to ... hall. Cooking was often done out-of-doors, in ... open air. ... whole group of buildings was surrounded by ... wall with ... gate in it, which was generally kept shut, especially if there was any danger of ... thieves or ... enemies getting in. ... hall doors was always left open, and any stranger who liked might come in, and sit down to ... dinner with ... family. ... hall had not much furniture in it; hardly anything but ... long table to take their meals at, and ... benches to sit on. ... chairs were not at all common: only ... kings and ... people belonging to ... aristocracy used to sit on them. ... table was nothing but ... board that was brought in when it was wanted, and put on ... supports corresponding to ... legs of our modern tables. When ... dinner was over, ... whole thing was taken away.

Exercise 16. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the italicized verbs.

1. They threatened to sack the workers if they did not stop striking. 2. They complained to the manager of the poor service at the hotel. 3 Throughout the trial, the prisoner insisted on his lack of guilt. 4. I wanted to climb the hill, but Bill objected that he was too tired. 5. "I wish to complain

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about the tape-recorder that I bought last month, it's stopped working again." 6. He grumbled at the way he had been treated. 7. He wanted us to travel on foot but I objected to that. 8. I was threatened with dismissal if I didn't obey. 9. He was always boasting about how clever his son was. 10. He insisted that 1 was to blame for the accident. 11. They grumbled that the decision was not fair. 12. She threatened to file for divorce, if he insulted her again. 13. She complained of continuing pain in her legs for a year. 14. 1 insisted on driving him home. 15. Bill boasted to everybody the he owned the biggest car in the neighbourhood.

Exercise 17. Translate the sentences using the verbs of feelings.1, Він наполягав на поїздці додому на Різдво. 2. Я заперечую

проти нових податків (taxes). 3. Вона постійно скаржиться на головний біль. 4. Припини бурчати з будь-якого приводу (cause). 5. Я наполягаю на тому, що він не має рації. 6. Ми заперечуємо проти зміни уряду. 7. Він погрожував мені ножем. 8. Біл хвалився, що купив комп'ютер останнього покоління (latest generation). 9. Він скаржився, що не може ніде знайти роботу. 10. Я вимушений наполягати на поверненні свого боргу (debt). 11. Студенти заперечували проти додаткових занять (additional classes) по суботах. 12. Він хвалився, що у нього найвродливіша дівчина. 13. Вона постійно бурчала, що їй дають найважчі завдання. 14. Йому загрожували розправою (reprisal), якщо він не виконає всіх їх вимог (satisfy smb's demands).

Exercise 18. Translate the following sentences using the expression be (not) tired of doing something.

See the text: I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking.1. Я не втомилася займатися англійською. 2. Він втомився

працювати з ранку до вечора. 3. Вони втомилися переїжджати з квартири на квартиру. 4. Вона не втомлювалася рахувати листя на деревах. 5. Він втомився просити її прийняти ліки. 6. Ми втомилися розповідати про нашу поїздку. 7. Він не втомлюється малювати цей пейзаж. 8. Я втомилася писати книгу.

Exercise 19. Translate the following sentences using the expression It's (not) worth doing something.

1. Фільм — нудний. Його не варто дивитися. 2. Про цей фільм не варто говорити. Він — нудний. 3. Цю п'єсу дійсно варто переглянути. 4. Не варто лягати спати так пізно. 5. Не варто турбуватися про нього. 6. Вокзал дуже далеко. Я думаю, варто узяти таксі. 7. Не варто так вимотуватися на роботі. 8. Ми вважаємо, що

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варто переїхати в інше місто. 9. Не варто так довго дивитися на неї. Вона соромиться. 10. Не варто читати газети. Вони — нецікаві.11. Не варто говорити про це. Це — секрет.

Exercise 20. Join in the following sentences according to the model.

a) Model: I saw George. He went into that shop.I saw George go into that shop. See the text: I want to see the

last leaf fall.1. I saw him. He pointed to a picture on the wall. 2. I heard him.

He shut the door of the study. 3. We watched the children. They climbed to the top of the tree. 4. I noticed Harry. He went up and spoke to the stranger. 5. They saw Mary. She entered the room. 6. She heard steps. They walked up to her room. 7. We watch the aeroplanes. They circled above us.

b) Translate the following sentences using the construction"see (hear, feel, watch, notice) somebody/something do something".Model: I often hear him play the violin in his room.A.1. Він помітив, що вони малюють щодня. 2. Вона відчула,

що Джон увійшов до кімнати один. 3. Я чув, як з шумом зачинилися двері. 4. Вона бачила, як Сью налила собі чашку кави. 5. Я бачив, як Тері дійшов до кута. 6. Вона відчула, що хтось торкнувся її плеча. 7. Я чув, що він згадав ваше ім'я кілька разів. 8. Я ніколи не чула, як вона співає. 9. Він спостерігав, як вона ввійшла до залу і почала розставляти (arrange) квіти.

В.1. Девід відчув, що рука його матінки тремтить. 2. Девід прокинувся, почувши, що хтось пошепки кличе його. 3. Пеготті чула, що містер Мердстон збирається віддати Девіда до школи. 4. Пеготті бачила, що місіс Копперфільд часто плакала. 5. Міс Бетсі відчувала, що Девід говорить правду.

Exercise 21. Fill in the correct form of lie (lay, lain, lying); lay (laid, laid), or lie (lied, lied, lying).

1. Birds ... eggs in spring and summer, not in winter or autumn. 2. Dora ... in bed, for she had fallen ill. 3. She ... the child on the bed. 4. I am afraid Nick ... when he said he had forgotten his homework, i don't think he was done it. 5. She is ... there so peacefully; it's a pity to wake her, but I suppose we must. 6. Look! What has she ... there on the table with such care? 7. She ... ill for three weeks before there was any sign of im-

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provement. 8. I am sure he again ... . He wants to conceal the truth. 9. Some animals ... in holes all winter and sleep. 10. ... her on her back and put a cold wet cloth on her forehead. She will be all right in a minute, she has only got a fright.

Exercise 22. Change the following sentences according to the above model.

a) Model: There is only one thing that can be done.There is only one thing (to) be done. See the text: There was only

a yard to be seen.1. There is one interesting magazine which may be read. 2. There

is an article which should by typed at once. 3. There were many things that can be stored in the studio. 4. It was a chance which couldn't be missed. 5. There was nothing that could be discussed. 6. There are some instructions that can be carried out.

b) Translate the following sentences using the infinitive as an attribute.

Model: It is a decision (not) to be taken.Це рішення, яке (не) треба приймати.1. Ось лист, який треба надіслати негайно. 2. Було лише одне

питання, яке необхідно було вирішити. 3. Була лише одна можливість, яку не можна було втратитиупустити. 4. Є одна модель комп'ютера, яку можна купити. 5. Є декілька чинників, які необхідно взяти до уваги. 6. Ось фільм, який не треба дивитися. 7. Ось картина, яку не слід купувати. 8. Було декілька фактів, які треба було довести. 9. Це версія, яку не слід доводити.

SPEECH PRACTICEExercise 23 Memorize the proverbs and sayings. Use them in

discussing the story.1.While there is life there is hope. Плекати надію.2. Good health is above wealth. Найбільше багатство – здоров’я.

Здоров’я – дорожче за багатство..Exercise 24. Make up a plan of the story so that the words below

come under the definite items of the plan. Retell the story according to your plan.

a) get acquianted; find tastes congenial; smite; scarcely move; look through; busy doctor; chance; have smth. on her mind; paint; worth thinking; science; efforts; count; subtract; power of medicines.

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b) cry; drawing board; whistle; face toward; the window; sketch; low sound; open wide; look out; count backward; blow off; bare; fall faster; nonsense; have to do with; broth; keep eyes fixed; keep eyes closed; hand drawings in; a fallen statue.

c) ground floor; beneath; be about to paint; earn as a model; drink to excess; a fierce old man; protector; smell of drink; strange fancies; go upstairs; pull the shade down; fearfully; cold rain; awake; wide-open eyes; order; in a whisper; obey; hang bravely; lean worn face.

d) twilight; leaf clinging to its stem; merciless; stir broth; wicked; hand-mirror; acute attack; out of danger; die of; janitor; helpless with pain; a palette; flutter; masterpiece.

Exercise 25. Tell the story as if you were: a) the doctor; b) Johnsy; c) Sue.

Exercise 26. Quote some sentences from the story to prove that:a) Sue is worried about her sick friend. b) Johnsy's fancy has

gone.Exercise 27. Make up a dialogue between a) Sue and the doctor;

b) Sue and the painter.Exercise 28. Write out words and expressions pertaining to old

Behrman. Make his character sketch.Exercise 29. Topics for discussion and essays.a) What happened during that winter in New York.b) Speak about Behrman and about the part he plays in the story.c) The power of friendship.d) The real hero of the story.e) Say what you know about O'Henry.f) What other stories by O'Henry have you read? Tell one of them.Exercise 30. Give a free translation of the text.Діапазон театральних жанрів коливається від традиційних до

експериментальних, таких як мета-театр, іншу стирається грань між сценарієм та імпровізацією. Глядачів залучають безпосередньо до дії, внаслідок твона розвивається не так, як передбачено сценарієм. До традиційних належать також музичний театр (опера, оперета, рок-опера), соціальний театр, невербальний театр (балет, пантоміма) тощо.

Давньою формою комедії є староіталійська комедія дельарте зі стандартним набором персонажів ін, Коломбіна, Панталун) та сюжетів. Будь-яка комедія зазвичай має щасливий кінець, а якщо вона супроводжується музикою, піснями та танцями, то це - музична

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комедія. У чорній комедії жахливі і страшні елементи замінюються на комічні, а в романтичній - наявний розумний розрахунок, щасливий зі обставин, чудесні відкриття, які у фіналі приводять до здійснення усіх мрій закоханих героїв. У комедії ситуацій герой недолуго намагається вирішити якусь проблему, внаслідок чого без кінця потрапляє до несподіванок, з яких щасливо виплутується. Сатирична комедія дотепно висміює звичаї та манірність сучасного суспільства, вдало поєднуючи ляльки, танцювальні номери, елементи балагану та мелодрами.

Мелодрама - це сентиментальне оповідання про кохання, дія якого відбувається на тлі приємної музики. Класична мелодрама має набір стереотипних персонажів: благородний герой, який не має недоліків іходить у світлому одязі, багатостраждальна та ніжна красуня-героїня, холоднокровний лихий негідник, рнутий у темне вбрання. Незважаючи на численні пригоди коханців, що народилися під нещасливою зіркою, мелодрама завжди закінчується щасливо.

У виставах у жанрі фентезі герой, який уособлює світлі сили, вирушає на пошук засобу для перемоги од силами зла, а по дорозі зустрічає багато дивних і фантастичних персонажів, які допомагають або перешкоджають його намаганням. У трагедіях, де напруження знаходиться на межі нервового зриву, герой потрапляє до жахливих ситуацій, які загрожують його життю або життю інших людей: викрадення людей, шшьство тощо. Головний персонаж сміливо приймає на себе трагічну долю. У цьому жанрі вистава часто іінчується загибеллю одного або кількох персонажів. Соціальна драма звертається до певної соціальної проблеми, ілюструючи випадки несправедливості, а побутова - розглядає питання повсякденних людських відносин у родині тощо.

Важливими складовими вистави-шедевру є музика і , відповідно, оркестр та диригент, а також зірковий шорський склад. На прохання глядачів під час перерв проводяться розважальні зустрічі з акторами, які розігрують сцени з вистав, або оркестр виконує попурі найпопулярніших театральних мелодій. Тривалість вистави може бути дуже різною.

Членами художнього і постановочного колективів та технічного персоналу є: драматург, який пише п'єси; автор сценарію, що готує сценарій; драматург-інтерпретатор, який інтерпретує п'єсу для постановки; продюсер, що контролює фінансування; режисер,

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який керує роботою акторів та інших членів худож-колективу; заступник режисера з акторського складу, що відбирає акторів; директор постановки, відповідає за загальні технічні питання; художник по декораціях, що займається декораціями та ремейком; розпорядник сцени, відповідальний за технічні питання постановки на сцені; художник по костюмам, що готує одяг акторів; звукорежисер, який займається звуковим оформленням; художник по світлу, що забезпечує освітлення сцени та деякі інші.

Exercise 31 Fill in the correct form of the verbs adding will, would or should if necessary.

1. If you............should see..............(see) Ann, will you give her this message? (slight possibility)

2. We'll go skiing in the mountains if it ................................................. (snow), (possibility)

3. If he ............................................... (keep) talking, he'll never learn anything! (insistence)

4. Perhaps I could sit there too if you ................................... (move) over a little, (polite request)

5. If you ............................................... (lend) me your car, I'll get to work on time, (request)

6. What will you do if you ............................................. (lose) your ticket? (slight possibility)

7. If you ..................................... (eat) so many sweets, you will get stomach-ache, (insistence)

8. If I ........................................ (arrive) earlier than planned, I'll phone you. (slight possibility)

Exercise 32 Match the parts of the sentences.1. You can see the boss A. unless it rains. 1........ 2.1 would have

bought it B. provided that he is not too busy. 2........3. We'll go to the beach tomorrow C. if I'd had enough money with me. 3.....4. He would go by plane D. she wouldn't have missed the train. 4........5. If she hadn't slept late, E. if it was cheaper. 5...................

Exercise 33 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.Neil isn't happy with his life. If he 1).....(listen) to his mother's

advice, he 2)... (stay) at school and gone on to university. He 3) .... (can/find) a good job if he had got a degree. Neil hates the job he is doing now. He thinks he 4) .......(go) crazy if he 5) .....(stay) there much longer. If he 6)... (be) offered another job, he would take it immediately. In fact, he 7)

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....(leave) if he 8) .... (can) afford to, but he cant. Life 9)....(be) easier if he 10).... (not/have) two children to support.

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.1. He'll be furious if he ever.... (find out) about this. 2 The animals

at the zoo.... (die) unless they're fed. 3. I..... (run) home if I'd known the football match was on TV. 4. The teacher... (not/shout) at her if she did her homework. 5. He .... (buy) a car provided that he passes his driving test. 6. We..... (miss) the lecture unless we hurry. 7. If she'd passed her exams, she..... (go) to university. 8. If I ... (understand) the question, I might be able to answer it! 9.1 .... (tell) you if I should hear from him. 10. If he.... (forget) his ticket, they wouldn't have let him in.

Exercise 35 Fill in : if, unless, provided or as long.1. You will not be allowed into the building...you have a security

pass. 2...... that you book your flight early, you will get a seat. 3...... as you follow the instructions exactly, you won't have any difficulty. 4.... you meet Darren, give him my regards. 5. You can hire a car in France .... as you have a driving licence and you're over 23. 6. You can't enter the country ..... you have a passport. 7. The kidnappers won't release the child..... the ransom is paid.

Exercise 36 Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.

1. If I found a gun in the street,......./ would take It to the police. 2. You wouldn't have been punished ....... 3. If you drink all that juice..... 4. If you drive so fast....... 5. If you should see Mark this evening, .......6. If you had taken my advice....7. Unless the weather improves.....8. My father would have bought me a bicycle .....9. He would have been very angry ...10. If you aren't enjoying the film,...

Exercise 37Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Yesterday the famous bank robber, Fingers Smith, robbed another bank in the centre of town. As usual, he only stole £10. If he 1)...( leave) any clues, he 2) .....(be) in prison now, but he's much too clever. He disconnected the security cameras: if he 3) .... (not/do) that, the police 4).....(have) him on film now. The strange thing is, Fingers doesn't seem to be interested in the money; if he 5)....(be), he 6) ....(can/steal) thousands of pounds by now. The police are determined to catch him, and the Chief is confident that they will. He says that if he 7) ...(think) they weren't going to arrest Fingers eventually, he 8)... (leave) the police force long ago.

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Exercise 38 Using the bold type in the sentences, write wishes as in the example:

1. You are leaving for the airport. You can't find your passport. You say :......"/ wish I could find my passport."

2. You live in the suburbs. You prefer the city centre. You say… 3. You argued with your mother yesterday. Today she is upset. You say:......4. You didn't clean your bedroom and your mother is angry. You say:....5. You want to go on holiday but you can't afford it. You say:...

Exercise 39 Write sentences as in the example:1. You want to visit your friend but you've got too much work to

do.I wish I didn't have so much work, to do. If I didn't have so much

work to do, I could visit my friend.2. You went to bed late and didn't wake up in time for work. 3. You

want to go to the safari park with Michael, but you're afraid of lions. 4. You would like to write a letter to Fred but you don't have his address. 5. You went skiing and broke your leg. 6. You didn't go to the concert because you didn't know about it. 7. You have to stay in bed because you've got the flu. 8. You are lost in London because you don't have a map.

Exercise 40 Fill in the correct tense.When Paul 1)... (get) to work yesterday his boss 2) ... (wait) for

him. "I wish you 3)... (try) to get here on time." his boss said. "If you 4) ....(be) late again, I 5).... (dismiss) you." "But I 6) ... (be) on time!" Paul exclaimed. "If I 7).... (leave) the house late, 18) ......(phone), but in fact I 9)... (leave) on time." His boss 10) .....(look) at his watch. and then at the clock on the wall. "Oh dear," he said, "11)....(forget) to put my watch back to winter time. I do wish someone 12) ... (remind) me!

Exercise 41 Rephrase the following sentences using the beginnings given.

1. You'd better see a doctor. If.. / were you, I'd see a doctor....2. He won't help you if you don't ask him. Unless.... 3. Take your medicine, otherwise you won't get better. If.... 4. You won't make any spelling mistakes provided you use a dictionary. If...... 5. If you park here, you'll be fined £20. Don't ......... 6. You'd better confess your crime. If......7. She went home early because she was exhausted. If..... 8. You won't understand the story unless you finish the book. If...... 9. She can't go out if she doesn't promise to be back early. Unless....10. The bee won't sting you as long as you stay still. Provided ...

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.Exercise 41 Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.|| look after: take care of sb/sthlook for: search forlook forward to: anticipate with pleasurelook into: investigatelook out (for):watch forlook through : examine quicklylook up: look for an address, name, word etc in a book1. They had been looking . ... a house for over a week before they

found one. 2. My neighbour looks.....my cat when I'm away. 3. I'll look... her telephone number in the directory. 4. The police are looking.....the case of the missing diamonds.5. Look .....pickpockets when you're in the market; they're everywhere. 6. He's really looking .....the party. He can't stop talking about it. 7. Look ....this letter to see if there are any mistakes.

Exercise 42 Fill in the correct preposition.1. You need to show your passport as proof .... your identity. 2. If

you are unpleasant.... people, ofcourse they won't like you. 3. We were prevented ... going sailing

by the stormy weather. 4. If he doesn't understand at first, be patient ... .him and explain it again. 5. It was very impolite .....Liz to leave without saying goodbye. 6. My grandmother is really proud ....me for going to university. 7. The technicians wore gloves to protect themselves...the dangerous chemicals. 8. The hotel receptionist was polite ......everybody.

9. We were provided.......pencils and paper to write the exam. 10. Sharon was really pleased ..........her birthday present since it was exactly what she wanted.

3 Fill in the correct idiom make allowances (for sb): consider sb's weaknesses etcput the blame on sb: say sb is responsible for sth badput an end/ a stop to sth : end sth completelyput sth by for a rainy day : save for future times of needno kidding: used to express surprise or irony(do sth) behind someone's back: act without sb else's knowledge 1. Don't try to ..... your sister. I know the accident was your

fault. 2. I'm top of my class this term."" .........? I'm glad you're doing so well." . Don't talk about me...... If

there's a problem, tell me to my face. 4. The government is trying

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to ...crime by putting more policemen on the streets. 5. You should.... the fact that she has just learnt to drive. 6. You should never spend all the money you earn, but always

Exercise 44 Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Future.

1.I … (tell) you all about my holiday when I . . (get) home. 2. Do you know when he... (leave)? 3. When he... (see) her. he....(be) very surprised. 4. When.....(you/learn) that it's wrong to tell lies?

Exercise 45 Fill in: when or if.1.1 might have a party. ......I do, I'll invite you. 2. He promised to

call us ....... he reached Rome. 3. She'll be very happy... she wins the race. 4. You will catch cold .... you go out in the rain. 5... he finishes school he'll go to university. 6.... anyone calls, tell them I'm busy.

Exercise 4 6 Fill in: by the time or until.1___... he is thirty, he will have been playing in that team for

twelve years. 2. He didn’t travel abroad... he was an old man. 3. He had left the gallery ..... we got there 4. You mustn't leave the office .... you've typed those letters. 5..... we get there it will be midnight. 6. No one can leave the room ....the examiner has collected the papers.

Exercise 47 Underline the correct item.1. We'll leave as/as soon as we're ready. 2. Don't forget to lock up

until/before you go to bed.. 3. We tickets when/until we get on the boat. 4. While/After I was watching TV, the programme was interrupted, 5. As/After I was cooking, the oven exploded.. 6. Until/By the time we got to the party, nearly every- one had left7. You mustn't talk while/until you are sitting an exam. 8. We went into the lecture hall just as/while the professor began speaking. 9. He didn't get home until/after 12 o'clock

Exercise 48; Fill in: until, while, before, as, when, as soon as, by the time or as long as.

1).......King Henry VIII of England was 18 years old, he was already the ruler of his country. He is probably remembered by so many people because he married six times 2).....he was King. His first wife, Catherine of Aragon, gave him a daughter but no sons to take the throne after him. It seemed that 3)....she was his wife, he would not have a son. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, but 4)....he could marry her he had to divorce Catherine. Anne gave Henry another daughter but no sons, and for this reason he had her beheaded. 5).... she was dead he found a new wife. She did have a son but she died just 6)......the baby was born. Henry

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remained King 7).... he died in 1547. 8)......he died his only son. Edward, came to the throne, but 9)...... he was 16, he died too.

49 Join the following sentences using the correct time conjunction.

1. He received the telegram. He left immediately.....He left as soon as he received the telegram....... 2. She left the house. She locked the windows.........3. They finished their meal. She made some coffee........4. She was working in the garden. He was painting the garage.

Exercise 50 Underline the correct item.1. He arrived at the office before the others so that / in case he

could start work early. 2. These tools are for / to mending my car. 3. She went shopping not to / so as not to be short of food. 4. He took a sandwich so that / in case he got hungry. 5. I'll give you my phone number in order that / in case you need any information 6. He speaks French so that / in case they can understand him. 7. She worked hard so that / for she could go to university. 8. She is saving money to / so that she can go on holiday. 9. Shall we book a table if / in case the restaurant is busy? 10. My mother gives me piano lessons so that / in case I can become a musician. 11. I'll take my gloves so that / in case my hands get cold. 12. My father works hard not to / in order not to lose his job. 13. They caught a taxi to / so that go to the station. 14. I'll give you my address in case / so that you want to write to me.

Exercise 51 Martin is leaving home to go to university. His father wants to know why he is taking certain things with him. Write Martin's answers using the words in brackets.

1. Martin, why are you taking three blankets? (in case) ...I'm taking them In case it gets very cold. 2. What do you need these pans for? (so that)....3. Why are you taking these cookery books? (so as not to) ......4. What's this hammer for? (for) ......5. And what's this radio for? (so that) ........6. And why do you need a camera? (to + infinitive) ....

Exercise 52 Fill in the correct tense.1. She opened the letter immediately in case it......(be) important. 2.

Don't leave those matches there in case the children ..... (play) with them. 3. He turned the TV on so that he .... (can) watch the news. 4. The police surrounded the area so that the robbers .... (not/escape). 5. He took some extra money in case he ........ (need) it. 6. She learnt Spanish so that she...... (can) get a job in Spain.

Exercise 53 Join the sentences using the words in brackets.

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1. I'll leave you my address. You can send me a postcard, (so that) .... /'// leave you my address so that you can send me a postcard.

2. We bought some more coffee. We didn't want to run out. (so that) 3. Mrs Brown bought some sweets. Her grandchildren might visit her. (in case) 4. Put some pepper in the soup. That will make it taste better, (to -infinitive) 5. Take more money. You may run out. (so as not to) 6. The teacher explained the exercise again. Some of the students didn't understand, (in case) 7. Debbie hid her diary. She didn't want anyone to read it. (so that)

Exercise 54 Underline the correct item.1. Despite / Although it was snowing, the road was clear. 2.

Although / Despite the traffic, we made it to school on time. 3. In spite of / Although the fact that I didn't study, I passed the exam. 4.1 can't stand classical music, whereas / in spite of my mother loves it. 5. Tom loves playing football, while / despite Paul prefers basketball. 6. Although / Despite Johnny eats fish, his brother won't touch it.

Exercise 55 Rephrase the following sentences using the beginnings given.

1. Even though he's a millionaire, he hates spending money. In spite of.. ..being a millionaire, he hates spending money...........

2. She attended the meeting in spite of her illness. Although...... 3. They managed to arrive on time, despite the heavy snowstorm. Even though ....4. She's a managing director although she's only 25. Despite the fact..... 5. Although he has been told to stop, he still smokes. In spite of .... 6. In spite of losing thirty kilos, she's still overweight. Although ….

Exercise 56 Rephrase the following sentences in all possible ways as in the example:

1. Even though the music was quiet, the neighbours complained. Although the music was quiet, the neighbours complained. Despite the fact that the music was quiet, the neighbours complained. In spite of the music being quiet, the neighbours complained. Despite the music being quiet, the neighbours complained. In spite of the fact that the music was quiet, the neighbours complained, etc

2. Geoff has lots of friends but he doesn't go out very often. 3. Although the weather was bad, they enjoyed their day out. 4. This car is very old. However, it still runs well. 5. He looked everywhere for a job, but he didn't find anything. 6. It was raining hard. The aeroplane took off. 7. Richard is very rich, but he isn't happy.

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Exercise 57 Join the sentences using the word in brackets.1. Brian can't play football on Saturday. He has broken his leg.

(because) ... Brian can't play football on Saturday because he has broken his leg.

2. Darren hates flying. He can't go to Australia, (since) 3.1 couldn't go to the concert. I'd spent all my money, (as) 4. Martin is away for Christmas. He'll miss the party, (since) 5. Sarah missed the wedding reception. She fell ill. (because) 6. It's the end of term. We'll play some games, (as) 7. I've always dreamt of going to Russia. I studied Russian history at university, (because) 8. He really likes Guns 'n' Roses. I bought him their latest album for his birthday, (since) 9. He's lazy. He'll fail his exams, (because) 10. There was so much traffic. I was late for work, (because)

Exercise 58 Fill in : so, such or such a(n).1.1 am… tired of the long journey to work every day that I wish I

could just stay at home. 2.1 had.... awful headache that I spent the day in bed. 3. It's .... lovely day! We should go for a picnic. 4. You are... rude to all my friends that none of them want to see you. 5. The book was ..... exciting that he couldn't put it down. 6. She has.... pretty eyes that everyone admires them. 7. It was..... big party that I couldn't speak to half the people there. 8. You talk ..... fast that I can't understand you. 9. He eats.... lot of food, I'm not surprised he's fat. 10. You shouldn't spend ..... much. You'll end up without any money one day.

Exercise 59 Fill in: so, such or such a.Yesterday Peter put his dinner in the oven to cook. It was 1)... nice

day that he decided to mow the lawn while he was waiting. It was 2) ....hard work and took 3) ...long time that his dinner began to burn, but he was 4) .....busy in the garden that he didn't notice the smell. As he was working, he heard a fire engine arrive, and he went to the front of his house. His neighbour said, "Peter, there was 5)... bad smell and 6)....much smoke that we thought your house was on fire. We were 7) ....worried that we called the fire brigade." Peter had 8)...... shock! He ran into the kitchen, but the oven was 9)..... hot that he couldn't touch it. The fireman had sprayed it with 10)....much water that the kitchen was wet all over. Finally, everybody went home. Peter was left with a kitchen that was 11)..... mess and a dinner that was 12)......burnt that he decided never to cook and mow the lawn at the same time again.

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Exercise 60 Rewrite the following sentences adding so or such and a result clause.

1.1 was happy. I cried. .... / was so happy that I cried........2. It was a nice day. We went swimming. 3. Their dog is

frightening. I won't go near it. 4. This is disgusting food! I can't eat it. 6. The house was dirty. It smelled awful. 7. They had a terrible fight. They hate each other now. 8. She's a sweet child. Everyone loves her. 9. It was cold. The river froze. 5. He's a gentleman! He often sends her flowers. 10. It's an interesting film. I want to see it again. 11. It was a difficult book. I couldn't understand it. 12. It was a good play. I saw it twice. 13. Her house is big. She only uses half of it. 14. He is handsome. He could be an actor.

Exercise 61 Fill in: "What"What a(n)..." or "How...".1 — How............elegant you look this evening! 2...... noisy

children they are! 3.... amazing sight the Pyramids are! 4...... great idea! 5.... strange his story was! 6..... interesting life he's led! 7.... beautiful garden! 8......thoughtful of you! 9.... stupid questions he asks! 10.... nice of you to come! 12.... expensive meal! 13.. tired you look today! 14..... delicious food! 15..... kind he is to everyone! 16.... terrible news! 17..... boring book this is! 18..... exciting it all sounds! 19.... brave man! 20.... enormous house you live in! 21.... careless of you! 11..... awful sweater! 22….interesting story!

Exercise 62 Read the story and fill in the gaps using "what (a/an)" or "how".

There was once a lion who thought he was the king of the jungle. 1)".. What a brave lion I am!" he said to himself. 2)"......frightened everyone is of me!" To prove his point he went up to a monkey and said, 3)"..... foolish you look! Tell me, who's the king of the jungle?" 4)"........ silly question!" replied the monkey. "Why, you are, of course." The lion then went up to a giraffe and said, 5)" ... long neck you have! Tell me, who's the king of the jungle?" 6)"..........................kind of you to ask!" said the giraffe. "Why, you are, of course." The lion then went up to a hippopotamus and said, 7)".... fat you are! Tell me, who's the king of the jungle?" 8)"......good manners you have!" said the hippopotamus. "Why, you are, of course."

The lion then went up to a parrot and said, 9)" ......talkative you are! Tell me, who's the king of the jungle?" 10)" ... easy question!" said the parrot. "Why, you are, of course." Finally the lion went up to an elephant

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and said, 11)"..... big ears you have! Tell me, who's the king of the jungle?" 12)"......rude animal you are!" replied the elephant, lifting the lion with its trunk, swinging him in the air and throwing him on the ground.

The lion, picking himself up, exclaimed, 13)"....bad-tempered elephant you are! There's no need to be so rude just because you don't know the answer!"

Exercise 63 Fill in: which or whose.Broadstairs, 1).... is a town on the south coast of England, is

famous for its Dickens Festival, 2) .......is held every June. Dickens, 3)... first name was Charles, was a famous English writer 4).....most famous books are "A Christmas Carol" and "Oliver Twist".

A Christmas Carol", 5).....is about a mean man 6) .....life is changed by the visits of three ghosts, has been made into several films 7).... are often shown at Christmas on television. Another one of his novels is called "Bleak House", 8) .....is actually the name of the house in 9) .....Dickens lived in Broadstairs. The people of Broadstairs all love the festival, 10) ... brings a lot of money to the town and is fun for everyone.

I'm sure Dickens. 11)....life and books are celebrated, would have loved it too.

Exercise 64 Correct the mistakes.Mrs Jones, 1) whom lives in Wales, is a farmer. The farmhouse 2)

which she lives has been in her family for generations. She has made many changes to the buildings 3) so as to life will be easier for everyone. 4) But in the old days everything was done by hand, now there are a lot of machines 5) who do the hardest jobs, and only Mrs Jones knows 6) how a difference this has made. The surrounding countryside, 7) that she has loved 8) from she was a girl, is 9) such green that it still amazes her. 10) Where she has free time she loves walking in the hills, but this happens 11) such rarely that sometimes she forgets 12) how it is like. 13) While her children have grown up she plans to move to a smaller house, but she will never leave the countryside because she knows 14) what unhappy she would be 15) when she did.

1.....who……Exercise 65 Fill in the appropriate relative, say whether the

relative clauses are essential or not to the meaning of the main sentence, then add commas where necessary.

1. My wallet,… was in my handbag, has disappeared.....

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2. Brian....is still at school is the captain of our local team...................

3. London...is the capital of England attracts many foreign visitors.....

4. The man ...wife is seriously ill is very sad........................5. This parrot ...comes from Africa is a clever

mimic. ....................6. The children…play with my son are coming round for

tea..............7. Brighton ...my boyfriend lives has a famous pier........................8. English weather...is often bad is the subject of many

conversations....9. The woman ...car was stolen last night has called the

police. .....10. Kate's job...involves working long hours makes her very

tired.......11. George ... is American is the best student in our class........12. The soldier ....fought the most bravely is being awarded a

medal.....13. The house…my grandparents lived is being demolished........14. Their argument ...continued throughout the night was finally

resolved......15. The Sussex coast....is in the south of England is very

beautiful........16. Not everybody...is coming to my party is bringing me a

present....17. California ....is on the west coast of America attracts actresses,

surfers and musicians………..18. This cake .... I bought yesterday tastes delicious........................Exercise 66 Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Then write (S)

for subject and (0) for object. Finally, state if the relatives can be omitted or not in the box provided.

1. This is the window...which/that.... I repaired last week. .0. .. can be omitted..

2. He is the man ... interviewed me for the job..........................3. The fish....I am cooking smells delicious..........................4. She is the woman....I'm going on holiday with..........................5. The doctor....examined me on Friday was well-qualified........

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6. The film ....you have just seen was directed by Orson Welles.......7. This is the shop ... sells the best fruit..........................8. Isn't he the man.... plays the violin in the orchestra? .........9. Those are the shelves ... John made..........................10. The house ....I was born in is that one..........................11. Look out! That's the dog....attacked John! .........................12. He is married to a woman....is much better looking than he

is......13. There were some parts of the book....I found really boring.......14. Anne Hathaway was the woman........William Shakespeare was

married to..........15. Tom Sawyer" is the story .....I enjoyed most as a child..........16. She is the woman.... helped me with my homework……Exercise 67 Fill in the relative pronoun and put commas where

necessary. Write (D) for defining, (ND) for non-defining and if the relative clause can be omitted or not.

1. My sister, .. who works as a scientist, lives in America. ND ..omitted.

2. This icecream ....comes from Italy is delicious.....................■3. The town....I grew up was very small.....................,4. James......hobby is rock climbing has broken his

leg......................5. The sweater............Jenny bought me is too big......................6. The subjects........I am studying are very difficult.....................,7. The school........I first went has closed down......................8. The country..........I want to visit most of all is

China......................9. Angela ...best friend lives in Madrid has gone on holiday to

Spain.....10. The boutique ......is by my house is having a sale......................11. The book .......... I'm reading is very exciting......................12. Miss Hunter.......works at the bank has been

promoted..................13. Terry ....father is also a mechanic has just repaired our

car...........Exercise 68 Join the sentences using who, when, where, which

or whose.

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1. Jim is the man. He met the Queen last year.. ..Jim is the man who met the Queen last year.

2. That's the beach. I used to go swimming there.....3. Steven lives in Bradford. It is a city in the north of England.......4. July was the month. My sister was born then.......5. This is my new coat. I bought it in yesterday's sale........6. This is the factory. My father used to work here......7. That's the man. His wife is a famous actress........8. America is the country. The best hamburgers are made there......9. Jo is an actress. She has just finished making her first film......10. That's the dog. It always barks when you approach it.......11.1666 was the year. A great fire destroyed much of London.....12. Christmas is the time. People buy each other presents........13. Sheena is a pop star. She had a hit record last year......14. Smoking is a bad habit. It causes many deaths every year…..15. These are the children. Their mother is a policewoman. ..16. That's the hospital. I had an operation there..............

Exercise 69 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form.

Jane 1). .... (always want) to be a nurse ever since she 2) ................(be) a child but her father 3)....(tell) her that nursing 4)......(is) not a suitable profession for her to follow 5) .....(leave) school, she 6).....(offer) a job working as a doctor's receptionist. She didn't want to take the job, so she 7)......(decide) to talk to her friend, Anne, about what she should do. Jane and Anne 8) ... (be) friends for a long time and 9) ........(live) in the same street. When Jane 10) ......(arrive) at Anne's house, Anne 11).......(sit) in the garden 12) ...... (read). She 13)......... (look up) and smiled as Jane 14)......(approach) "Hello, Jane. How are you? Why are you looking so miserable?" Jane 15...........(explain) the situation and her friend 16) ......(listen) sympathetically. As Jane finished speaking, Anne's mother 17) ... (come out) of the house and 18)...(shout) to the two girls to come over. "I'm dreadfully sorry Jane, but I'm afraid your father had an accident this morning in work and is in hospital. They weren't able to give me many details, but they 19) .... (tell) me he's going to be all right. I'll drive you over there now." When they 20).....(arrive) at the hospital Jane was amazed to see her father sitting up in bed and smiling broadly as they walked into his hospital room. "Father, I 21)....(be) so worried, I thought something dreadful 22) ..........(happen)."

"Oh, there's no need to worry. I've broken my arm but the nurses here have taken such good care of me, they've been wonderful. And Jane,

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I've been thinking...." Jane smiled at her friend, and knew that everything was going to be all right!

Exercise 70 Rephrase the following sentences.1. We spoke quietly because we didn't want to wake the baby.....We spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby./We spoke quietly In

case we woke the baby.2. He was such a naughty boy that his father punished

him..................3. It was so hot that I didn't leave the

house.........................................4. That's the church where I got

married..............................................5. Although he was ill he still went to

work..........................................6. What a lovely

house! .......................................................................7. How happy you

look! .......................................................................8. He is too weak to lift that

suitcase.....................................................9. The room was so crowded that we couldn't go

inside.......................10. Despite being over 60, she was very beautiful11. You talk so quietly! ................................................12. She has such lovely eyes! .........................................13. She was too tired to go on with her work...........................14. This is the University I went to.....................................15. What a beautiful dress! ............................................16. Although she was tired she still watched the late film...............17. She went to bed early. She didn't want to be tired the next

morning. …………….18.1 didn't tell you because I thought you'd be upset..................Exercise 7.1Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.make out: 1) distinguish/see

2) understandmake up: 1) invent

2) put cosmetics on3) end a quarrel

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make up one's mind : decide1.. He made ...., his face to look like a clown's for the party. 2. I

can't make ..... whether to buy the dress or not. 3. His handwriting is so bad I can't make …what he has written. 4. They finally made.....after their argument. 5. I've read this poem twice but I still can't make......what it is about. 6. Everything he has said is a lie. He made.....the whole story.

Exercise 72 Fill in the correct preposition.1.1 can't think of any reason .. your not getting the job. 2. You

shouldn't have to rely....a calculator to do your Maths homework. 3. I'm sorry it's taken me so long to reply...your letter. 4. What was your boss's reaction.......your request for a week off work? 5. There has been a dramatic rise ....unemployment in the past ten years. 6. She married him because he reminded her ......Sylvester Stallone. 7. Why didn't you remind me......the party last night? I really wanted to go. 8.1 think there is a relationship ............his poor performance at school and his unhappy home life. 9. It's important to develop a good relationship.........your colleagues at work. 10. Do you know who was responsible….breaking this computer?

Exercise 73 Fill in the correct idiom.feel/be/look worn out: feel/be/look exhaustedlearn sth by heart: memoriselose one's head: panic; lose self-controllose heart: become discouragedlose one's temper: become angrychange one's mind: decide to do sth differenttell the world : tell everybodyspend money like water: spend money quickly or in large

amounts1. He .. ... completely ...after working for twelve hours without a

break. 2. If there is a fire in the building, it is important to stay calm and not to ... 3.1 know some lines from the "Iliad", but I wouldn't like to have to....it all..... 4. When Kelly agreed to marry him, he was so happy he wanted to..... 5. You'll never be rich because you....6.1 was going to go out last night, but then I ...and stayed at home. 7. Don't....just because you failed your driving test - I'm sure you'll pass eventually. 8. When Billy didn't stop talking, the teacher ....and threw him out of the classroom.

SPEECH PRACTICE1. Speak on about your three favorite three films of different

genres. Why do you like them?

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2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of going to the cinema as opposed to watching the same film at home?

3. Try to speak about of British films, directors, producers, actors, actresses that you know.

4. Try to speak about of Ukrainian films, directors, producers, actors, actresses that you know.

5. Explain the following: “A picture is a poem without words”. (Horatio) Describe different pictures by British and Ukrainian painter. Speak about Ukrainian and British painters.

6. Develop the idea: It goes without saying that before looking at canvases you are supposed to know something about the artist who created them, about the time in which he worked, about the artist’s style and technique. You see…

7. Give your view on the following topic. Appreciating of painting can be cultivated in two ways: 1. acquiring knowledge of different trends, schools and painters through books and literature; 2. visiting galleries and museums, looking at pictures; returning to the same painting again and again. Of course both those ways are important, but which of them is the major one?

8. Discuss the problems: 1. Is the appreciation of pictures a special faculty which only a few can possess?

TALKING POINTS: 1. The Excellency of style is not on the surface, but lies deep. It is the florid style which strikes at once. There is no need to be ashamed of one’s apparent dullness. 2. The habit of looking at good pictures is in itself a means by which taste can be formed and the scope of one’s enjoyment widened and developed. 3. The acquisition of good taste is a matter of time. Painting in this respect doesn’t differ from other arts.

II. A great painting enriches our experience of life, just as a great poem does or a great musical composition.

TALKING POINTS: 1. Great painters make us see and think a great deal more than the objects before us, they teach us to look at a scene through their eyes. 2. The masterpieces of painting, like the masterpieces of music and poetry transform experience; they are a source of beauty.

9. Discuss the problem. Are you for modern or for old art? We know that many people today reject old art and protect new trends in art.

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But what shall we do about the great works of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinchi, or Rembrandt and Rublev. Shall we reject them?

10. Speak about your literary taste, your favorite British and Ukrainian or Russian writers.

11. Comment on the sayings: 1. The person who doesn’t read has no advantage over the person who cannot. 2. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to body.

12. Comment on the following: 1.“Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.” (O.Wilde)

2.“Old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust and old authors to read”(F.Bacon) 3.“Tell me what you read and I will you what you are”. (W.Goethe) 4.“What’s the use of a book”, thought Alice, “without pictures or conversations?” (L.Carroll)

13. Points for discussion: 1. What is your idea of a private collection of books? 2. You are a well-known writer. What would you tell your readers at the reader’s conference? 3. Radio and television have made newspapers unnecessary. Do you agree?

14. Make the synopsis of the last book you read.15. Comment on the following: 1. “No furniture is so charming as

books, even if you never open them and read a single word.” (S.Smith) 2. “I would sooner read a time-table or a catalogue than nothing at all.” (W.S.Maugham) 3. “Never read any book that is not a year old”. (R.Emerson) 4. “Reading is the best learning.” (A.Pushkin) 5. “Bad books are worse than useless; they are harmful”. (L.Tolstoy) 6. “Books are a great thing as long as you know how to use them”. (A.Block)

16. Say what things you expect to find in a room in a good hotel. In what ways may a more expensive room differ from a less expensive one?

17. Describe the duties of each of these members of a the hotel staff: the manager, a lift boy, a receptionist, a hall porter, a chambermaid, a head waiter.

18. You phone a hotel receptionist. You want to book rooms for yours lf, your sister, her husband and two children for two weeks’ holiday in June.

19. You arrive in London and from the time you go through go to a small hotel in Kensington. Describe all that happens and all that you say the door till the time when you find yourself in your room. Then describe the room.

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