contenteagle.unisa.ac.za/elmarie/images/pdf/book zulu.pdfcontent amazwi okwamukela 4 i-south african...

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CONTENTAMAZWI OKWAMUKELA 4

I-SOUTH AFRICAN CYBER SECURITY ACADEMIC ALLIANCE 5

I-MICROSOFT 6

UMNYANGO WEZOKUXHUMANA

INKAMBO YOKUZIPHATHA YOHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI, UKUPHEPHA KOHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI, UKUVIKELEKA KOHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI 8

INKAMBO YOKUZIPHATHA YOHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI

UKWESATSHISWA KUHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI

UKUBHEJA 12

INQUBO EKAHLE YOKUZIPHATHA KUHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI 15

UKUPHEPHA KUHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI

UKUXHUMANA OKUNGADINGEKI 17

OKUQUKETHWE OKUNOKUPHIKISWA

UKULANDELELA UHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI

Izingane ezincane 21

Izingane ezindala 22

UKUVIKELEKA KUHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI 24

UKWEBIWA KWEMINININGWANE YAKHO

UKWENZA INKOHLAKALO YOHLELOXHUMANO NGESIQOQELALWAZI

AMAVAYIRASI 28

IMISEBENZI 31

IMITHOMBO 41

© Unisa

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Amazwi okwamukela Siphila emhlabeni lapho ubuchwepheshe buhlanganiswa khona nokuphila kwethu

kwansuku zonke. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu sisebenzisa i-intanethi lapho senza umsebenzi, sifunda noma sixhumana nabantu. Ukuba yingxenye yalolu hleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi akuseyona into yokuphila impilo yokunethezeka, kodwa sekuyisidin-go kwiningi labasebenzisi bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Njengengxenye yesizukulwane sohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, kubalulekile ukuba bonke abasebenzisi bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi bazivikele bona kanye nolwazi oluqondene nabo. Ngakho-ke bonke abasebenzisi bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kumele bazi ngokwetshiswa okungaba khona kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi lapho besenzisa izingxenye zohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, ukwenza isibonelo isiqoqelal-wazi (PC) kanye nomakhalekhukhwini.

Le Ncwajana Yokusebenzela Eqwashisa Ngokuvikeleka Kohleloxhumano Ngesiqoqela-lwazi yenzelwe ukuhlinzeka abafundi besikole kanye nabafundisi ngolwazi olubalule-kile olumayelana nezindaba zokuvikeleka kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi okumele bazazi lapho besebenzisa i-intanethi noma omakhalekhukhwini babo. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzoqwashisa ngokuvikeleka kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi eNingizimu Afrika luphinde lusize bonke abasebenzisi bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi ukuba baqonde ubuchwepheshe ababusebenzisayo kanye nokuthi babusebenzise ngoku-phephile.

Ngithanda ukudlulisa ukubonga kubo bonke abebeyingxenye yohlelo lokwakha nokusabalalisa le Ncwajana Yokusebenzela Eqwashisa Ngokuvikeleka Kohleloxhumano Ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Elmarie Kritzinger University of South Africa

[email protected]

yisizukulwane sohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ngokushesha okukhulu

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I-SOUTH AFRICAN CYBER SECURITY ACADEMIC ALLIANCEI-South African Cyber Security Academic Alliance (www.cyberaware.org.za) yasungulwa ngoJuni 2011. Inhloso enkulu ye-SACSAA uku-khankasela ukwethula ngokuphumelelisayo kokuvikeleka kohlel-oxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi eNingizimu Afrika yonke kubo bonke

abahlali. Amalungu angabasunguli be-SACSAA yi-University of Johannesburg, i-Nel-son Mandela Metropolitan University kanye ne-Unisa.

Enye yezinhloso zonyaka ze-SACSAA zesikhashana ukuhlela Usuku Lokuqwashisa Ngokuvikeleka Kohleloxhumano Ngesiqoqelalwazi eNingizimu Afrika – olokuqala luh-lelelwe u-Okthoba 2012. I-Alliance izobuye imeme abantu abavela embonini ukuba bahlanganyele njengamalunga ukuze uhlelo lukazwelonke oluphelele noluqhubekayo lokuqwashisa ngohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi lukwazi ukusebenza eNingizimu Afrika.

Lolu hlelo luzobhekana nabo bonke abanentshisekelo, abafaka phakathi laba abalan-delayo:

izingane zesikole ezingeni lamabanga angaphambi kokuqala isikole

abafundi emabangeni emfundo aphansi

abafundi emabangeni emfundo aphezulu

abafundi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme

abasezimbonini

abasebenza kuhulumeni

abasebenzisi abasemakhaya

wonke osebenzisa isiqoqelalwazi

Izinhlelo zizobhekana nobungozi bokusebenzisa i-intanethi, okufaka phakathi:

ubugebengu bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yakho kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukulandelela uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukubheka ezindaweni ezahlukene ku-intanethi

ukuxhumana kwabantu ngohleloxhumano

ezentengiso ku-intanethi

eminye imikhakha efanele

Izindlela ezahlukene ezinjengale ncwajana yokusebenzela, amaphowusta, imisakazo nomabonakude, ama-athikhili emaphephandabeni, isizindalwazi esinomdlandla nokunye okuningi kuzosetshenziswa, nalapho kufanele khona, zi-zokwenziwa zitholakale kulabo abanentshisekelo. I-Alliance inethemba lokuthi esikhathini eside esizayo lolu hlelo luzok-wenza iNingizimu Afrika ibe yindawo ephephile nevikelekile ohlangothini lohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Solwazi Basie von Solms University of Johannesburg

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Le Ncwajana Yokusebenzela Eqwashisa Ngoku-vikeleka Kohleloxhumano Ngesiqoqelalwazi iyigqathu lokubhekana nezindaba zokuvikeleka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zobuch-wepheshe ezinjengomakhalekhukhwini kanye

neziqoqelalwazi. Leli yigalelo elibalulekile ekukhuleni kwemibhalo emayelana noku-vikeleka kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi eNingizimu Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke. Kumele isebenze njengesikhali esibalulekile sabadala abakhathazekile ukuze kukhut-hazwe ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yabantu abasha njengoba bethungathana nomhlaba wabo othuthuke njalo kwezobuchwepheshe.

Cishe nsuku zonke isizwe sakithi sithola ukwesatshiswa kanye nokuhlaselwa okusha kuhleloxhumano lwethu lwaseNingizimu Af-rika. Ukuvikeleka kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi okungenele kanye nokulahleka kwemininingwane kuzoqhubeka nokubanga umonakalo omkhulu kwezomnotho nakwezokuvikeleka kuzwelonke eNingizimu Afrika uma kungahlolisiswa. Kunabantu abaningi “abenza izenzo zobubi” lapha ngaphandle, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zalaba benzi bokubi. Kunezigebengu, kunamaqembu obugebengu obuhleliwe, kunabasebenzisa izinhlelo zeziqoqelal-wazi ngokungekho emthethweni bese kuba nalabo abayizinhloli kwezomnotho kanye nabayizinhloli kwezempi. Abanye abenzi bokubi bangabesabisi,

abadume kabi ngokuhlupha abahlukunyezwa bebhekene nabo ubuso ngobuso – esikoleni nasezinkundleni zezemidlalo. Ukwesat-shiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi (noma ukwesatshiswa kusetshenziswa uhleloxhumano) kuvule iminyango yokwesatshiswa ama-hora angama-24 kusetshenziswa isiqoqelalwazi, omakhale-khukhwini, ukubheja ngeziqoqelalwazi zamavidiyo noma ezinye izindlela ze-intanethi. Laba besabisi bangahlala bengaziwa futhi baqhubeke nokwesabisa, ukuhlukumeza kanye nokufejisa abanye.

Le ncwajana ithinta izihloko ezihambisana nenkambo yokuziphatha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, ukuphepha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi nokuvikeleka kuhlel-oxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, kanti izophinda ibhekane nezindaba ezisithintayo, ikakhu-lukazi, ezithinta izingane/intsha yethu. Ukuphepha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kumayelana nokusungula ukwethembeka ngokwakha ukusebenzisana: ukusebenzisa-na phakathi kwamandla ezenhlalo, amandla ezombusazwe, amandla ezomnotho ng-isho nemikhiqizo yobuxhakaxhaka bezokuxhumana (IT) kanye nemisebenzi. Uma un-gakhi lokho kusebenzisana, ungagcina unobuchwepheshe obuhle obungasimamisi kwezomnotho noma obenqatshwa yiningi. Ukuze kuvinjelwe abasebenzi be-intanethi aban-genacala ekubeni yizisulu zokuhlaselwa ngeziqoqelalwazi, kudingeka ukuqwashisa okunzulu okuzofundisa abaseben-zisi be-inanethi nobuchwepheshe abasafunda mayelana nokuvikeleka okuyisisekelo. Le ncwajana izosiza kakhulu ekubhekaneni nengxenye yalokhu kuqwashisa.

Drt Khomotso Kganyago Chief Security Advisor Microsoft South Africa

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Inkambo yokuziphatha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi Inkambo yokuziphatha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqe-

lalwazi ingumkhakha obukene nokubi nokuhle, nom-sebenzi wokuziphatha kanye nesibopho njengoba imayelana nesimo sokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi kanye nokusakaza kusetshenziswa ukusakaza nge-dijithali. Kungabandakanywa izihloko ezilandelayo ngaphansi kwalo mgomo:

ukusebenzisa umqondo womunye uwenze owakho

ukusebenzisa isiqoqelalwazi ngokungekho emthwethweni

ukwabelana ngamafeyela

ukufaka imininingwane engeyona/engelona iqiniso

ukweba noma ukukhiqiza ngokungemthetho uhlelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi, umculo namavidiyo

ukubheja

amalungelo okuqamba

ukusebenzisa kahle

inqubo ekahle yokuziphatha ngokusebenza kohleloxhu-mano

ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukubheja ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukuhuqwa yi-intanethi

CYBER ETHICS CYBER SAFETY

CYBER SECURITY

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Ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqela-lwazi Ukwesatshiswa akusenamkhawulo ebhasini noma enkundleni yezemidlalo kuphela; iz-

ingane ziphinde zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe ekwesabiseni nasekuhlukumezeni.

Ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kungasukela ekufakeni izinto eziy-ihlazo noma ezinonya kumbe izithombe ezinamahlazo, ukuya ekwesabiseni kusetshen-ziswa isiqoqelalwazi, ukuhlukumeza kanye nokuphawula okungekuhle, kuye ekulan-deleleni kusetshenziswa ama-imeyili, amakhasi esizindalwazi kanye ne MI (ukuthumela umlayezo osheshayo). Nakhona amaqembu eminyaka yonke yobudala esengozini, intsha nabadala abasakhula bonke bayizisulu ngokufanayo, kanti ukwesatshiswa kuh-leloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuyinkinga elokhu idlondlobala.

Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza ngokohleloxhumano njengoba kwenzeka ‘emhlabeni wangempela’ mayelana nokuthi baphathwa kanjani abanye abantu. Ngeshwa, aban-tu abaphathani kahle ekusebenzeni ngokohleloxhumano, kanti wena noma umngani wakho ningathola ukuthi niyizisulu zokwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Ungenziwa inhlekisa noma kube namahemuhemu asakazwa ngawe kusetshenziswa uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, nithole imilayezo elimazayo ngisho nokwesatsh-iswa impela. Kungenzeka esikoleni, ngemuva kwama-hora esikole, nganoma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku kanti kungavela kubantu obaziyo, kokunye kubantu ongabazi. Lokhu kungakushiya uzizwe ungaphephile futhi unomzwangedwa.

Akekho onelungelo lokwesabisa omunye umuntu. Kakhulu nje, ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano nge-siqoqelalwazi akukho semthethweni futhi kunga-phenywa ngamaphoyisa.

Qaphela lokhu okulandelayo uma ngabe wesatsh-iswa

Ungakunaki. Ungamphenduli lowo okwesabisayo. Uma engatholi impendulo angagcina engasenadaba nawe akuyeke phansi.

Vimba umuntu. Lokhu kuzokwenza ungakwazi ukubona imilayezo noma imi-bhalo evela emuntwini othile.

Tshela othile. Tshela umama noma ubaba wakho, noma omunye umuntu om-dala omethembayo.

Gcina ubufakazi. Lokhu kungasiza ekulandeleleni lowo owesabisayo. Gcina imibhalo, ama-imeyili, izingxoxo kusetshenziswa uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi noma amazwi aqoshiwe njengobufakazi.

Bika ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kulaba abal-andelayo:

� esikoleni sakho – isikole kumele sibe nezinqubomgomo mayelana nokwesat-shiswa kanye nokwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

� umhlinzekeli wakho wohleloxhumano (ISP) kanye/noma umhlinzekeli wez-ingcingo kumbe umphathi wesizindalwazi – kunezinyathelo abangazithatha ukuze usizakale

� amaphoyisa – uma kunokwesabisa okubhekene nokuphepha kwakho amaphoyisa angasiza

�

A M A P H U Z UA N G A K H U S I Z A

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Seo se ka dirwago ge mogwera wa gago a tšhošetšwa ka inthanete

Kungaba nzima ukuthola lapho abangani bakho besatshiswa khona kuhleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Kungenzeka bakugcina kubona lokhu. Uma besatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, lokho ungakubona ngokuthi bangasaxoxi nawe kakhulu besebenzisa uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, bangathola ama SMS amaningi noma bangajabuli ngemuva kokuba kusiqoqelalwazi noma beb-heke imilayezo komakhalekhukhwini babo. Bangayekela ukuba nabangani noma baphelelwe yintshisekelo yokuya esikoleni nasekwenzeni imidlalo ethize.

Siza ukunqanda ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwazi!

Sukuma ukhulume! Uma ngabe ubona noma wazi ngokwesat-shiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi okwenzeka emnganini, meseke uphinde ubike ngalokho kwesatshiswa. Nawe un-gathanda ukuba enze njalo kuwe.

Ungadluliseli imiyalezo noma izithombe ezingazwisa ubuhlungu kumbe zilimaze omunye emoyeni. Nakhona kungewena umsusi walokho, ungagcina usubonakala njengengxenye yomjikelezo wokwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Khumbula ukuphatha abanye ngendlela ozothanda ukuphathwa ngayo nawe lapho uxhumana nabantu usebenzisa uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

Ukubheja Ukubheja kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuvame ukubandakanya ukuxhumana

nezinye iziqoqelalwazi kanye nabanye abadlali. Kuyinto ethokozisayo ezinganeni uku-xhumana nabanye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bagweme ukuthumela izithombe zabo noma badalule olunye ulwazi olumayelana nabo kulabo abasuke bedlala nabo. Kume-le bazi futhi okumele bakwenze lapho omunye umdlali eqala ukubahlukumeza

Amaphuzu athile abhekiswe kubazali mayelana nokubheja

Ngaphambi kokuba izingane zakho ziqale ukudlala umdlalo wokub-heja, qinisekisa ukuthi isiqoqelalwazi sakho sinesivikelo esisebenzayo: isivimbela, uhlelokusebenza olulwa nezinhloli kanye nohlelokuseben-za olulwa namavayirasi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho zinezinombolo zokungena ezinga-bambeki kalula lapho zingena ohlelweni lokubheja. Izinombolo zokungena kume-le okungenani zibe nezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu zamagama, izinombolo kanye nezimpawu.

Izingane zakho mazazi ukuthi zingeza kuwe uma zizwa zingakhululekile lapho zid-lala umdlalo.

Zibandakanye ekudlaleni nezingane zakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho ziyakwazi ukuthi kuvinjelwa nokuthi kubikwa

kanjani ukwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Zitshele ukuba zigcine amarekhodi ezingxoxo uma zihlukunyezwa uphinde uzigqugquzele ukuba zingazi-bandakanyi ekwesabiseni.


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Qinisekisa ukuthi igama ingane engena ngalo kusiqoqe-lalwazi alibi negama layo langempela, indawo, ubulili, ubudala noma olunye ulwazi nje olumaqondana nayo. (Izibonelo zegama lokungena elingasetshenziswa yilezi beach01, book2.)

Qinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho zisebenzisa isiboniso esingumdwebo, kungabi yizithombe zazo zangempela.

Uma ngabe izingane zakho zidlala umdlalo oba nephimbo elikhulumayo langem-pela, qinisekisa ukuthi zisebenzisa iphimbo okungelona elazo. Uma ngabe umd-lalo ungenakho lokhu, mabangasebenzisi indlela yokuxhumana kusetshenziswa iphimbo.

Beka umkhawulo esikhathini abavunyelwe ukudlala ngaso. Qinisekisa ukuthi ufunda ubuye uqonde ukuhlelwa kwemidlalo yokubheja edlalwa

yizingane zakho ngokwamazinga. Ezinye izizinda zemidlalo zingamazinga aman-ingi ahlukene, ngakho zihlole zonke.

Gcina isiqoqelalwazi sibe sendaweni ebonakala kahle ukuze ukwazi ukubheka iz-into izingane zakho ezizenzayo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho ziyazi ukuthi azivunyelwe ukuthumela noma yini okuqukethe ulwazi kanye/noma idatha kwabanye abadlali.

Sebenzisa izilawuli zangaphakathi kusiphequluli sesizindalwazi sakho. Izingane zakho mazingavuli noma yini ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Lokhu ku-

faka phakathi izinhlelo eziziveza njengalezo ezisiza ingane yakho ukuba yenze kahle emdlalweni, kodwa ongathola ukuthi inokulimaza okuthile kusiqoqelalwazi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwenqabela akusoze kwasiza. Izingane zakho zizosebenzisa iziqoqelalwazi nokulawula iziqoqelalwazi kanye nemidlalo, ngisho nasesikoleni noma emakhaya abangani bazo. Uma ukhuluma nezingane zakho ngobungozi kanye nokwenza isinqumo esifanele, zizokwazi ukuthola okuningi kusizindalwazi

Ukuthinta amaphuzu azosiza ezinganeni lapho zibheja, ez-inganeni ezisesigabeni sokukhula kanye nakwintsha

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudlala umdlalo wokubheja, qinisekisa ukuthi isiqoqe-lalwazi sakho sinesivikelo esisebenzayo: isivimbela, uhlelokusebenza olulwa nez-inhloli kanye nohlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi.

Sebenzisa izinombolo zokungena ezingabambeki kalula lapho ungena emdlalwe-ni wokubheja. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinombolo zakho zokungena okungenani zinez-inhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu zamagama, izinombolo kanye nezimpawu.

Uma ngabe omunye umdlali ekwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile, tshela umuntu omdala omethembayo.

Funda ukuvimbela kanye/noma ukubika abanye abadla-li uma bekwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile. Gcina irekhodi lalokho okushiwo ngabanye abadlali, kodwa ungakhu-lumi nabo.

Ungadaluli igama lakho langempela, indawo, ubulili, ubuda-la noma olunye ulwazi nje olumaqondana nawe. Gcina igama lakho olisebenzisa ukungena lingacacisi konke.

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Sebenzisa isiboniso esingumdwebo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa isithombe sakho sangempela.

Ungazethuli njengomuntu odeyithayo. Ungasebenzisi iphimbo lapho udlala umdlalo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi,

ngaphandle uma kunendlela yokudlala efihla iphimbo lakho langempela. Ungasebenzisi iwebhukhemu lapho udlala umdlalo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqe-

lalwazi. Zibeke umkhawulo wesikhathi sokudlala. Ungavuli izinhlelo ezivela kubantu ongabazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo

eziziveza njengalezo ezikusiza ukuba wenze kahle emdlalweni, kodwa ezingaba nokulimaza okuthile kusiqoqelalwazi.

Ungathumeli okuqukethe ulwazi kanye/noma idatha eqondene nawe kwabanye abadlali.

Ungahlangani ubuso nobuso nomuntu ongamazi enidlala naye. Abantu abayona lento abathi bayiyo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudlala, qinisekisa ukuthi isiqoqelalwazi sakho sinesi-vikelo esisebenzayo: isivimbela, uhlelokusebenza olulwa nezinhloli kanye nohlel-okusebenza olulwa namavayirasi.

Sebenzisa izinombolo zokungena ezingabambeki kalula lapho udlala umdlalo wokubheja. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinombolo zakho zokungena zinezinhlamvu okun-genani eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu zamagama, izinombolo kanye nezimpawu

Inqubo ekahle yokuziphatha ngokohleloxhumano lwesiqoqelalwazi Kwesinye isikhathi kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi umuntu okhuluma naye ku IM, odlala

naye, noma omthumelela okuthile kuprofayili yakhe ungumuntu wangempela. Kulula ukusho nokwenza izinto kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi ongeke uzenze ‘empilwe-ni yangempela’. Lokhu kungamzwisa ubuhlungu lowo muntu noma kumenze azizwe angaphephile noma ehlazekile. Kubalulekile ukuba nobuntu nokuba phansi kwaban-ye abantu lapho uxhumana nabo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi – nokuthi ume ucabange ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakho kungabathinta kanjani.

Phatha abanye abantu ngendlela ofuna ukuphathwa ngayo. Gwema ukusebenzisa ulimi olungafanele futhi ungasho izinto kwabanye ezizobenza baphatheke kabi.

Funda ‘ngendlela eyemekulekile yokuziphatha’ ngokohleloxhumano ngesiqoqela-lwazi. Yikuphi okulungile ongakwenza nokungalungile? Ukwenza isibonelo, uma ubhalela othile umlayezo usebenzisa OFELEBA, lowo muntu angacabanga ukuthi uyamthethisa.

Uma umuntu esho okuthile ngendlela engahloniphi noma okuthile okukwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile, ungamphenduli. Phuma ngaleso sikhathi kuleyo ndaba noma kuleyo nkundla yokuxoxa.

Yazisa abazali bakho noma omunye umuntu omdala omethembayo uma ngabe kunolimi olukuzwisa ubuhlungu, noma uma ubona izithombe ezicasulayo noma okuthile okwethusayo.


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Ukuphepha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi Nakhona inkambo yokuziphatha kuhleloxhumano

ngesiqoqelalwazi igxile ekukwazini ukuziphatha ngokufanele nangokomthetho, ukuphepha kuh-leloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kubhekene nokuk-wazi ukwenza izinto ngendlela ephephile nefanele esimeni se-intanethi kanye nesohleloxhumana ngesiqoqelalwazi. Lokhu kuziphatha kungavikela ulwazi oluqondene nomuntu kanye nesithunzi, kubuye kufake phakathi ukwenza izenzo eziphep-hile zokunciphisa ubungozi – obugxile ekuzipha-theni kunasezinkingeni ezeyeme kungxenyezakhi zesiqoqelalwazi/uhlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwa-zi. Izihloko ezingafakwa ngaphansi kwalo mgomo zingale ndlela

abaphangi bohleloxhumano nge-siqoqelalwazi

ukulandelela uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi

okuqukethwe okunokuphikiswa

izithombe ezikhombisa ukuya ocansini

ukuhlukumeza

amaqembu agqugquzela uku-zondana

ukuxhumana okungadingekile

ukwesabisa ngokohleloxhu-mano lwesiqoqelalwazi


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Ukuxhumana okungadingekileNgesinye isikhathi ungahlangana nomuntu noma ubone okuthile kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi okungakwenza uzizwe ungeneme noma ungakhululekile. Lokhu kungaba ukuxhumana okuvela kothile ohlangene naye kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi oqala ukukubuza imibuzo eqondene nawe noma okuthumela izithombe kumbe izinto ezikwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ongazithandi. Kokunye lokhu kungavela kumuntu omaziyo.

Kumele wenzeni?

Tshela othile. Tshela umama, ubaba, umfowenu noma udadewenu omdala noma omunye umuntu omdala omethembayo.

Ungaphenduli imilayezo futhi uphume ngokushesha kuleyo ndaba noma kulolo hlelo lokuxoxa.

Vimba ukuthintana ngokuba usebenzise uhlu ‘lokunganaki’ noma ngokusefa uh-lelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Gcina ubufakazi. Lokhu kungasiza ekulandeleleni lowo othumela izinto ezinga-fanele noma okubuza imibuzo.

Bika ngakho. Cela abazali bakho ukuba bathintane ne ISP yakho kanye/noma umhlinzeki wohleloxhumano ngocingo kumbe umphathi wesizindalwazi, njengoba kunezinyathelo abangazithatha ukuze usizakale. Kokunye ungabikela amaphoyisa uma kunokwesabisa okuthinta ukuphepha kwakho.

Beka iprofayili yakho ithi ‘kwangasese’ ukuze ulwazi oluqondene nawe luzogcinwa luyimfihlo futhi kube nzima kubantu ukuba bathintane nawe.

Ungavuli imilayezo evela kubantu ongabazi. Laba kungaba ngabantu abacasu-layo, kanti imilayezo yabo ingaqukatha amavayirasi noma bangazama ukuku-thengisela okuthile.

.

Okuqukethwe okunokuphikiswa Kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, izingane zingembuleleka ekutheni zibone ulwazi

olungafanele noma olunobungozi kuzo. Lokhu kungaba ulwazi olukhombisa ukuya ocansini, inhlamba noma udlame. Kokunye kungaba ulwazi oluqukethe imininingwane enobuhlanga negqugquzela inzondo eqenjini elithile, noma ulwazi olugqugquzela uku-ziphatha okungaphephile okunjengokungadli ngokufanele. Ulwazi oluthathwa njen-golungafanele lungehlukana kuye ngamazinga noma ngezinkambo zomndeni kanye nezamasiko.

Izingane kanye nabantu abasebasha kungenzeka bangafuni ngenhloso izinto ezingafanele. Kungenzeka nje bathi bengahlosile bembuleleke ezintweni ezinjalo ngenkathi bebheke izinto ezingen-abungozi ezinjengalezi:

imiphumela engalindelekile kubaphenyi bohleloxhumano nge-siqoqelalwazi

ukucindezela ikhasi elingaziwa kusizindalwazi noma kuma-im-eyili



ukuthayipha ngephutha ikheli lesizindalwazi elingasilo noma ukucindezela isikhangiso kuhleloxhumano nge-siqoqelalwazi

ukucindezela okuqukethe umdlalo wohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi noma imiklomelo ekhishwayo

Kokunye izingane kanye nabantu abasebasha bafinyele-la ngenhloso olwazini olungafanele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sebengena esigabeni sokukhula. Lokhu kungabangwa ukuthi sebefuna ukwazi izinto ezithile noma bacobele-lane nabanye ontanga kulokho okuqukethwe ‘yinto eyethusayo’.

Tshela abazali bakho noma omunye omdala owethembekile uma uhlangabe-zana nolwazi olukuzwisa ubuhlungu.

Yazi ukuthi ‘ungabaleka kanjani’ kusizindalwazi uma ngabe ukusesha kwa-kho ku-intanethi kukuholela kusizindalwazi esingafanele noma esicasulayo. Cin-dezela ‘control-alt-delete’ uma ngabe leso sizindalwazi singakuvumeli ukuba uphume.

Uma ngabe isizindalwazi sisolisa noma sinekhasi elexwayisa abangaphansi kwem-inyaka eyi-18, phuma ngokushesha kulo. Ezinye izizindalwazi azilungele izingane.

Khuluma nabazali bakho ukuba benze injini yokusesha kwakho ivimbe ulwazi oluqondene nabadala.

Cela abazali bakho bakufakele uhlelokusebenza olusefa i-intanethi ukuze kuvinjwe izizindalwazi ezingafanele.

Cela abazali bakho bakusize ukuthola izizindalwazi eziphephile nezi-jabulisayo ongazisebenzisa bese urekhoda amakheli azo ukuze uwasebenzise ngokuzayo

Ukulandelela uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi Abalandeleli bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi noma abalandeleli bohleloxhumano

basebenzisa i-intanethi noma enye indlela yokuxhumana nge-elekthroniki ngoku-phikelelayo ukuze benze omunye umuntu azizwe eboshiwe noma enokwesaba. Ukulan-delela kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuyinto enkulu nokumele yaziswe amaphoyi-sa noma abeluleki bezomthetho abazimele.

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Izingane ezincane Abalandeleli bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi noma abalandeleli bohleloxhumano

basebenzisa i-intanethi noma enye indlela yokuxhumana nge-elekthroniki ngoku-phikelelayo ukuze benze omunye umuntu azizwe eboshiwe noma enokwesaba.

Ukulandelela kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuyinto enkulu nokumele yaziswe amaphoyisa noma abeluleki bezomthetho abazimele.

Ukulandelela kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi akuvamile ezinganeni ezincane njen-goba esikhathini esiningi zisuke zisengakazibandakanyi nohleloxhumano ngesiqoqela-lwazi noma nezinye izizindalwazi ezibandakanya ukuxhumana ngqo nabanye abantu.

Ezinganeni ezincane, amaphuzu angasiza ngokuvamile ekuphepheni kwe-intanethi angamaphuzu amahle okungaqaliswa ngawo ukuzisiza ukuba zazi izindlela ezifanele zokuziphatha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kanye nangokufunda ukuphendula ezintweni ezingafanele ezivela kwabanye abantu. La maphuzu alandelayo abalulekile ekusizeni izingane ukuba ziphathe kahle ubudlelwane bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Fundisa izingane ukuba zingaphenduli noma zingaziphindiseli olwazini olunokwedelela olunjengama-imeyili noma imilayezo enendelelo.

Zifundise ukuba zitshele umuntu omdala owethembekile uma kwenzeka okuthile kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi okuzikhathazayo, ubuye uzisize ukuhlonza okungenani abadala ababili abathembekile ezingabatshela.

Yenza imithetho emayelana nezinhlobo zokuqukethwe noma zolwazi okumele zilubile emuntwini omdala. Ukwenza isibonelo, omunye umthetho kungaba yilo: “Tshela umama noma ubaba ngamazwi athukanayo noma amabi owatholayo.”

Yethula umqondo wolwazi oluqondene nomuntu, okuwulwazi olungasetshenziswa ngabanye ukuze bathole igama, ikheli, isikole noma amakilabhu abo.

Yenza imithetho ezobavimbela ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluqondene nomuntu kuh-leloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Izingane ezincane zingadinga imithetho eqondile enjengale: “Kumele ukhulume nomama noma nobaba ngaphambi kokuba uthay-iphe ikheli lakho kusiqoqelalwazi.”

Cabanga ukusebenzisa izisefo, amalebula kanye nezingosi zokuphepha ukuze usize ingane yakho isebenzise kahle ukufinyelela kwayo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqo-qelalwazi.

Uma ngabe kunokwesatshiswa kokuphepha kwengane yakho, amaphoyisa an-gasiza


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Izingane ezikhulileAbalandeleli bohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi noma abalandeleli bohleloxhumano basebenzisa i-intanethi noma enye indlela yokuxhu-mana nge-elekthroniki ngokuphikelelayo ukuze benze omunye umuntu azizwe eboshiwe noma enokwesaba.

Izingane ezindadlana zingaba nentshisekelo kuzizindalwazi nakuzizindalwazi zokub-heja ezivumela ukuthintana ngqo nabanye abadlalayo okufaka phakathi asebakhulile kanye nabadala. Lawa ngamaphuzu angakusiza ukuba ubheke ubungozi bokulan-delela uhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi obungaba khona enganeni yakho.

Phenya ngezizindalwazi ezithandwa yingane yakho. Ngokujwayelekile lokho kuvame ukusiza ekutholeni ukuthi ingabe ukhululekile yini ngoku-qukethwe yilezo zizindalwazi kanye nokungahle kwenzeke kokuba ingane yakho ithintane nabanye, abafaka phakathi izingane esezikhulile kanye nabadala. Ingabe ingane yakho isikulungele yini ukusingatha ukuxhumana nabanye abantu engabazi kwezokuhlalisana abangaziphethe kahle?

Uma uvuma ukuba ingane yakho ingene kuzizindalwazi ezivumela ukuthintana ngqo nabanye, cabanga ngokusungula imithetho mayelana nolwazi abangahl-inzeka ngalo, okufaka phakathi ukunikeza isibongo sakhe, ikheli noma igama lesikole kanye nokungafaki imifanekiso ethunyelwe nge SMS noma amavidiyo ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.

Siza izingane zikwazi ukubonisa isithombe esingumdwebo esingesona noma uku-zazisa okungelona iqiniso ukuze zingasebenzisi amagama azo angempela kuhlel-oxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Fundisa ingane yakho ukuba ingaphenduli noma ingaziphindiseli olwazini olunok-wedelela olunjengama-imeyili noma imilayezo enendelelo.

Yenza imithetho emayelana nezinhlobo zokuqukethwe noma zolwazi okumele zilubile emuntwini omdala. Ukwenza isibonelo, omunye umthetho kungaba yilo: “Tshela umama noma ubaba ngamazwi athukanayo noma amabi owatholayo.”

Khuluma nengane yakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zolwazi lokuz-ijabulisa ngohleloxhumano locingo. Lezi zinhlelo zenza abasebenzisi bezinhlelo zokuxhumana nabanye bakwazi ukubika indawo abakuyo kwabanye abaseben-zisi ngokusebenzisa ‘check in’. Ezinye izinhlelo zenza abantu bakwazi ukubika la-pho kukhona abangani babo khona nokuthi benze imisebenzi yezinhlelo zolwazi lokuzijabulisa zivulwe ngokungakhokhelwa. Ingane yakho ingabuyekeza amaseth-ingi ayo obese ivimba lo msebenzi noma ibeke umkhawulo ezinhlelweni zolwazi lokuzijabulisa. Khumbuza ingane yakho ukuthi ukuvumela abantu engabazi ukuthi babone lapho ikhona, noma lapho kunabangani bayo khona, kuwukuziphatha okunobungozi.

Cabanga ukusebenzisa izisefo, amalebula kanye nezingosi zokuphepha ukuze usize ingane yakho isebenzise kahle ukufinyelela kwayo kuhleloxhumano ngesiqo-qelalwazi.

Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa ukuziphatha okuguqukile noma ukuba nokuthile okukhathazayo, okufaka phakathi ukushintsha amaqembu abangani, ukuba no-valo, ukudabuka emoyeni, ukugomothelana noma ukumonyuka, veza ukukhat-hazeka kwakho ngayo kanti futhi uma kunesidingo thola usizo lokwesekwa yilabo abaqeqeshiwe.

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Ukuphepha kuhleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwazi Ukuvikeleka kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuchaza “ukuba sengozini kwanoma

yiluphi uhlelo lwesiqoqelalwazi, uhlelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi, noma ingqalasi-zinda ebalulekile, ekhonweni lazo lokuphikisa, ukungenelela komhlaba, ukuhlela, noma ukungabi namandla ngenxa yokungasetshenziswa ngokufanele, noma ngen-dlela engavunyelwe, kwe-intanethi, izinhlelo zokuxhumana zomphakathi noma zan-gasese, noma okunye ukuziphatha okunjengalokho okuphambana Nendawo ezimele, Umbuso noma nomthetho womhlaba, okukhinyabeza ubudlelwano kwezentengiso eMelika, noma okwesabisa ngomthelela kwezempilo noma ekuphepheni komphakathi ”. Ukuvikeleka kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuchazwa ukuze kufake phakathi ukuvikeleka kwalokho okuthintekayo (zombili izingxenyezakhi zesiqoqelalwazi kanye nohlelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi) kolwazi oluqondene nomuntu kanye nemithombo yezobuchwepheshe evela ngokuvinyelela okungavunyelwe kusetshenziswa izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Ngokuphikisayo, iningi lezindaba ezithintwe ekuphepheni kuhlel-oxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi ziyizinyathelo umuntu angazithatha ukuze agweme uku-dalula ulwazi ngezindlela zokuxhumana zomphakathi. Izihloko ezingabandakanywa ngaphansi kwalo mgomo yilezi

ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yo-muntu

ukwenza inkohlakalo kuhleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwazi

ukwedukisa ngento engamanga ukusisa okuyinkohlakalo ukwenza ubuqili abasebenzisi bezinhlelo zeziqoqe-

lalwazi ngokungekho emthethweni amavayirasi amacebo okunjinga ngokushesha ama-imeyili angadingekile

izinhlelo zohleloxhumano olukhohlisayo

ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama

izinhlelo zobugebengu uhlelokusebenza oluzifaka lona

kusiqoqelalwazi kwangasese ukukhangisa okwesekwa uhlel-

okusebenza uhlelo lwesiqoqelalwazi olung-

onakalisi amafayela uhlelokusebenza oluhlose

ukonakalisa


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Ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yakho Ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yakho yilapho kusetshenziswa iminin-

ingwane eqondene nawe ngaphandle kokuthi wazi noma ngaphan-dle kwemvume yakho. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi kanti okwethusa kakhulu ukuthi kungabandakanya izigebengu ezisebenzisa imininingwane eqondene nawe ukukwebela imali noma ukuvula ama-akhawunti asebhange noma ama-credit cards ngegama lakho. Na-khona kungabonakala kungeyona inkinga uma usengakabi ne-credit card, kungashabalalisa amathuba akho okuyithola uma usukhulile.

Ulwazi oluqondene nawe kungafinyelelwa kulo ngokusebenzisa isiqo-qelalwazi sakho noma engosini yeziqoqelalwazi esetshenziswa ngum-phakathi. Ngokuba nolwazi olwenele, izigebengu zingathenga nge-credit card, zifake izicelo zokubolekwa imali noma zidlulisele imali ngqo ukusukela ebhange lakho, zenze sengathi nguwe.

Izigebengu zisebenzisa izindlela eziningi ukuze zithole ulwazi oluqondene nomuntu, ezifaka phakathi ukuthume-la amavayirasi nokuthumela umlayezo ofanayo nge-intanethi, ukusungula izizindalwazi ezingelona iqiniso. Kokunye ‘ungants-hontshelwa’ imininingwane yakho uma othile esebenzisa ulwazi oluqondene nawe azenze sengathi nguwe kusiqoqelalwazi. Ban-genza sengathi banguwe ku-MSN, benze iprofayela lakho elin-gelona iqiniso noma banqamule iprofayela lakho langempela!

Qaphela iprofayela lakho. Uma iprofayela lakho linqanyuliwe, vala ngokushe-sha.

Sebenzisa izizindalwazi ezivikelekile lapho uthenga noma ubhanga kuhlel-oxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa isizindalwazi esivikele-kile. Amakheli amaningi ezizindalwazi ezivikelekile aqala ngo ‘https’ kunalawo avikeleke kancane wona aqala ngo ‘http’. Kokunye, kumele kuvele umfanekiso wokhiye kusiphequluli.

Vikela izinombolo zokungena. Izinombolo zokungena kumele zibe nezinh-lamvu eziyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngobude. Zishintshe njalo futhi un-gazibhali phansi noma uzibeke endaweni ebonakalayo. Ungabelani ngenombolo yakho yokungena nomunye umuntu, ngisho nabangani bakho – le nombolo yakho ingagcina isetshenziselwa ukufinyelela ku-MSN yakho, ku-imeyili noma kuprofaye-la lakho.

Akuyona inombolo yakho yokungena nje kuphela. Ungafaki ulwazi ol-wazisa ngawe kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Ulwazi ngalunye lungahlangan-iswe ndawonye yizigebengu ukuze bakhe isithombe esiphelele bese bentshontsha imininingwane yakho. Yenza iprofayela lakho libe langasese futhi ungalivuleli uku-ba kuphawulwe kulo noma ulithumele ngethwitha.

Qaphela i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange. Phendula ngokushesha kuno-ma yikuphi ukudonswa noma ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungalindelekile. Hlala uqaphele izimali ezincane ezidonswa ngokungalindelekile. Lezi kungaba yizige-bengu ezihlola amanzi ngobhoko kumininingwane yakho yasebhange ngaphambi kokuba zidonse imali enkulu.

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Ungenzelwa inkohlakalo yohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Unga-phenduli kuzingcingo noma kuma-imeyili avela kunoma yiliphi ibhange acela in-ombolo yakho yokungena noma eminye imininingwane. Amabhange awathumeli ama-imeyili akucela ukuba ucindezele ikheli elikuxhumanisayo, maningi amath-uba wokuthi kube ubugebengu. Uma uthola ucingo oluvela kumuntu othile ethi kuwena ungowasebhange, vala ucingo bese umshayela ngocingo olusetshenziswa ngumphakathi ukuze uthole ukuthi ukhuluma iqiniso yini.

Ukwenza inkohlakalo yohleloxhu-mano ngesiqoqelalwaziUbugebengu beziqoqelalwazi buyizindlela zokuthola ulwazi noma im-ali ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingafanele. Lokhu kuwubugebengu bokuthumela umlayezo ofanayo ngesiqoqelalwazi. Ukwenza inkohlakalo yohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-imeyili noma kwe SMS ukuze kugqugquzelwe abantu ukuba badalule imininingwane yezi-mali enjengezinombolo ze-credit card, amagama ama-akhawunti kanye nolunye ulwazi oluqondene nomuntu. Ukwenza inkohlakalo yohleloxhu-

mano ngesiqoqelalwazi imilayezo ingabonakala iyimilayezo eyiqiniso evela ebhange langempela, kumhlinzeki wezokuxhumana, esitolo okuthengwa kuso ngesiqoqelalwazi noma kunkampani yama-credit card.

Lawa maphuzu alandelayo azokusiza ukuba ubhekane nalobugebengu, izizindalwazi ezingelona iqiniso kanye nokwenza inkohlakalo yohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi:

Gwema ukunikezela ngamakheli akho e-imeyili kanye nezinombolo zakho zikama-khalekhukhwini kunoma ngubani uphinde ucikelele nokuthi nezingane azinikezeli ngeminingwane enjalo.

Bheka imigomo nemibandela yakho konke wena kanye nezingane zakhe enikusayinelayo – ukwenza isibonelo, ingabe uvumela ukuthola imilayezo yezen-tengiso?

Yexwayisa izingane kanye nabantu abasha mayelana nokwemukela abangani abangaziwa noma okubangwa yizizindalwazi zohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi – ukuxhumana noma izimbangela ezingaziwa ziyanyaniswe nobugebengu bokunt-shontshwa kolwazi oluqondene nomuntu.

Ungaphenduli kuma SMS acela wena noma izingane zakho ukuba nithintane futhi ninikezele ngemali ewukheshe noma ngolwazi olumayelana nezezimali. Uma ng-abe ucingo noma i-imeyili ibonakala ingeyona ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma kuthinteka imali, vala ucingo ungaphenduli.

Uma ngabe ukhathazekile ngokuthi kuqondwe ingane yakho kulobugebengu, thintana nesikhungo sezabathengisi endaweni yangakini. Uma ngabe ingane ya-kho inikezele ngolwazi lwezezimali esigebengwini, thintana namaphoyisa endawo noma isikhungo sebhange lakho ngqo.

Khumbula ukuthi amabhange awasoze athinta amakhasimende nge-imeyili acele imininingwane ethile ye-akhawunti. Thintana nebhange lakho ngqo usebenzisa imininingwane yokuthintana nalo efakazelwe uma ngabe unokukhathazeka maye-lana nokuthintana nomthombo ozibiza ngokuthi uyibhange lakho.

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Dalula imininingwane yakho kuphela kuzizindalwazi ozethembayo nezinezindle-la zokukhokha ezivikelekile ezihlonzwe yikheli lesizindalwazi eziqala ngo https:// kanye nophawu lokhiye ‘okhiyiwe’ ngaphansi kwefasitelo lesiqoqelalwazi sakho, okuyikhona okukhombisa ukuthi idatha ihunyushiwe.

Uma ngabe isizindalwazi ovame ukusisebenzisela ukuthenga noma ukubhanga sibonakala singajwayelekile noma senza ngendlela eyehlukile, thintana nenh-langano ngqo usibenzise inombolo yocingo eyaziwayo noma etholakele emthonje-ni owethembekayo.

Uma uthola i-imeyili ebukeka isolisa, ukwenza isibonelo awuboni ukuthi ivela ku-bani noma isihloko sayo sikwenza ube nokungabaza, yisule futhi ungacindezeli noma yikuthi lapho kunokuxhumana khona namanye amakhasi.

Uma uthola umlayezo ovela esikhungweni sebhizinisi esisemthethweni, ukwenza isibonelo esikhungweni sezezimali noma esitolo, kodwa ungafuni ukuthola umlay-ezo ovela kuleyo nhlangano, ungazesula ngoxhumano lwe-imeyili noma uthumele i SMS ethi ‘STOP’.

Faka ubuye ulungise uhlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi kanye nohlelokuse-benza lwesiqoqelalwazi oluvikelekile ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela kudatha okun-gavunyelwe kusiqoqelalwazi sasekhaya uphinde uvikele leyo data ekutheni ingo-nakaliswa. Qinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zokuphepha ezifaka phakathi isivimbela ziyasebenza, kubeke kuzihlolele ngokuzenzakalelayo kulungiswa njalo ukuze ku-vikele ezingozini zakamuva ezingase zibe khona.

Amavayirasi Amavayirasi asulela iziqoqelalwazi ngenkathi amafayela asulele-

kile evulwa kusiqoqelalwazi esingavikelekile. Lezi zigebengu zonaka-lisa ngobubheva izinhlelo zesiqoqelalwazi kanye namafayela, kokunye zenze isiqoqelalwazi ukuba sisebenze ngesivinini esiphansi. Amanye amavayirasi awenzi umonakalo ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa acasha nda-wana thize kusiqoqelalwazi alinde ukugadla ngesikhathi esifanele

La maphuzu alandelayo angakusiza ukuba ukwazi ukusebenzisa up-hinde ugcine izindlela zokuvikela ezifanele.

Sebenzisa izinombolo zokungena ezingabambeki kalula. Sebenzisa izinombolo zokungena ezinde nezikhethwe ngokungalandelani kulo lonke uhlelo oluhlinzeka ngokufinyelela olwazini oluqondene nawe, kufaka phakathi ukungena kusiqoqelalwazi sakho.

Izinombolo zokungena kumele zibe nezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili noma nga-phezulu ngobude, kungabi ngamagama esichazamagama, zihlanganise izinh-lamvu zamagama zibuye zibe nenhlanganisela yofeleba namagama amancane. Guqula njalo izinombolo zakho zokungena usebenzise izinombolo ezingafani ekungeneni ngakunye.

Faka ubuye ulungise uhlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi kanye nohlelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi oluvikelekile. Amavayirasi kanye nez-inye izinhlelokusebenza zesiqoqelalwazi ezilimazayo, ezinjengezibungu namagcin-wane amahhashi, angaguqula abuye esule idatha kusiqoqelalwazi sakho aphinde

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avumele abathumeli bama-imeyili amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye naba-banye abangena ngokungemthetho ukuba basebenzise isiqoqelalwazi kanye ne-sizindalwazi sakho.

Amavayirasi kanye nezibungu kusabalala ngokushesha, kanti kukhishwa njalo izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, ngakho uhlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi kuhlel-okusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi kumele lulungiswe njalo nje.

Uhlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi kumele lubekwe ukuba luzihlolele lona ngokuzenzakalelayo wonke ama-imeyili angenayo naphumayo kanye nez-inye izingxenye ezixhumene ngokushiyelana nesiqoqelalwazi, ezinjenge-memory stick, isidlalimculo, isithwebulizithombe sedijithali noma ezinye izingxenye ze-USB. Yenza ukuba uhlelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi luzihlolele ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa okuba khona lapho luxhunywe ne-inthanethi.

Sebenzisa isivimbeli ubuye uqinisekise ukuthi sivuliwe kumbe siya-sebenza. Isivimbeli siyizinga lokuqala lokuzivikela kwesiqoqelalwazi ezigebengwini. Izivimbeli zingavimbela yonke imizila phakathi kwesizindal-wazi sakho kanye ne-inthanethi engavunyiwe ngokucacile, zivimbele ukufinyelela kudatha yakho okungavunyelwe. Isiv-imbeli kumele sisetshenziswe ngokubambisana nohlelokuse-benza olulwa namavayirasi kanye nohlelokusebenza olulwa nezinhloli kuhlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi.

Phatha ama-imeyili ngendlela ephephile. Yesula ngokushesha ama-imeyili asolisayo. Uma uvula i-imeyili esolisayo, ungacindezeli noma yisiphi isixhumanisi esiku-imeyili. Konke okuhambisana ne-imeyili kumele kuhlolwe ngohlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi ngaphambi kokuba kuvulwe. Uhlelokusebenza olulwa namavayirasi lungabekwa ukuba luzisebenzele lona ngokuzenzakalelayo. Sebenzisa uhlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi olusefa umlay-ezo ofanayo othunyelwe nge-intanethi ukuba lusingathe ama-imeyili angadingeki luphinde lubike ngokuthunyelwa komlayezo ofanayo nge-intanethi ku-ACMA.

Sebenzisa izinhlelo zesiphequluli se-inthanethi eziphephile. Uma up-hequlula isizindalwazi, wakha imiqulu, ufunda ama-imeyili udlala nemidlalo, use-benzisa imvume enomkhawulo lokho kungavimbela ikhodi enokulimaza ukuba ifakwe kusiqoqelalwazi sakho. ‘Imvume enomkhawulo’ yimvume engenaso isimo sokuba ‘Nomphathi’.

Hlala uhambisana nezingxenye zokuvikeleka. Iningi lezinhlelo eziseben-zayo zesekwa ukulungiswa kokuvikeleka okuzenzakalelayo (‘security patches’) okulungisa ukwembuleleka engozini okutholakala ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zoh-lelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi. Kumele usebenzise indlela ‘yokulungisa okuzen-zakalelayo’, noma ubhalise nohlu lokuthumela ama-imeyili oluvikelekile bese ufa-ka lezi zingxenye (patches) uma kudingekile.

Hlola ubuye uguqule izinhlelo ezizingenelayo. Ngemuva kokufaka uh-lelokusebenza lwesiqoqelalwazi, hlola ukuhleleka kanye nezinye izinhlelo – un-gathola ukuthi uhlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi lunezinye izimpawu ezongeziwe ongazidingi noma ongazifuni. Ukuvala izinhlelo ezingadingeki yindlela ekahle yez-inyathelo zokuvikeleka.

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Yakha amanye amakhophi edatha kanye nawamafayela akho. Kumele wakhe njalo amanye amakhophi edatha yakho uphinde uhlole ukuthi lawo ma-khophi ayasebenza yini. Ukusungula noma ukwakha ikhophi yedatha kuyindle-la ekahle ekusiza ukuba ukwazi ukuthola ulwazi kusiqoqelalwazi uma kwenzeka ivayirasi yonakalisa amafayela, noma uma isiqoqelalwazi sintshontshwa noma sonakala. Ukwenza isibonelo, gcina idatha, izithombe, amavidiyo nokunye ku CD-Rom noma ku USB stick, okukanye usebenzise njalo iyunithi egcina ulwazi oluningi.

Qaphela uma wabelana noma uvula amafayela. Ungavuli amafayela noma imilayezo evela kuzizindalwazi ezisolisayo. Kungenzeka ifayela lelo noma lowo mlayezo ube ngowonakalisayo. Kokunye ukonakalisa kungavela ngendlela engeyona njengohlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi oluvikelayo olwenzelwe ukuku-siza.

Ukuvikela ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi engasebenzisi izintambo. Izinh-lelokuxhumana ezingasebenzisi izintambo zidinga ukunakekelwa ukuze zivikeleke ebugebengwini bokudunwa

� Abasebenzisi kumele baguqule inombolo yabo yokungena ebambekayo ukuya kuleyo engabambeki kalula noma bavale ukusakaza kwe SSID kum-gudu wokungasebenzisi izintambo ukuze kubandakanye izinga eliphezulu lokuguqula idatha elikhona lezinhlelokuxhumana zabo ezingasebenzisi izin-tambo, okufaka phakathi ukuguqula idatha ye WPA ekufinyeleleni okunom-khawulo kuzinhlelokuxhumana ezingasebenzisi izintambo ezisefa amakheli ane MAC. Ukuze uqaphe izinhlelokuxhumana ezingasebenzisi izintambo emsebenzini ongavamile vala ukuxhumana okungasebenzisi izintambo uma ungakusebenzisi.

� Abahlinzeki bezinhlelo ze-inthanethi noma abathengisi bohlelokusebenza ngesiqoqelalwazi bazokwazi ukunikeza izeluleko ezifanele mayelana noku-vikela izinhlelokuxhumana ezingasebenzisi izintambo.

Lungisa njalo ulwazi oluphathelene nokuvikeleka. Abasebenzisi bangahl-ala benolwazi njalo ngezeluleko zokuvikeleka ezinomthelela ezinhlelweni abazise-benzisayo.

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ImisebenziHlanganisa amacashazi ukuze kubonakale isithombe

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Ukufaka umbala Mail to the following address:

Cyber security contest Office R136 Scool of ICT PO Box 77000 NMMU Port Elizabeth 6031

Design a cyber safe poster Mail to the following address:

Cyber security contest Office R136 Scool of ICT PO Box 77000 NMMU Port Elizabeth 6031

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33

e

I6

Help Cyber Safe Robot to catch the criminals

34

Help Cyber Safe Robot to find his friends

35

Dweba imigqa ezoxhumanisa amagama afanele nala-wo ahambisana nawo

Dibirase Tlaišo inthaneteng

Swara batho ba bangwe ka mo o ka ratago gore le wena ba go sware ka gona.

Facebook

Tšhomišo ya inthanete go tšhošetša batho ba bangwe

Thomelo ya diemeile gore o utolle boitšhupo bja gago

Kgokagano ka websaete Kgokagano ye e swanetšego inthan-eteng

Emeile Mošomiši wa dipeakanyo tša khom-phutha ka bonokwane

Kutso ya boitšhupo Tshedimošo ya motho yeo e šomišitšwego ka ntle ga tumelelo ya gagwe

Motho yo a šomišago khomphutha go hwetša datha ka bonokwane

Khouto ye e šwahlelago datha ya khom-phutha

Each block must have the numers 1 to 4 but it must not be repeatd.

36

Co

37

Find the paths

38

Colour the bee by matching the colours

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Cut out the square.

Fold paper from corner to corner to make a triangle.

Fold the triangle from corner to corner again, making a smaller triangle.

Unfold.

Fold the four corners to the centre of the square.

Turn the paper around.

Fold four corners to the centre of the square.

Push the four corners of the square into the centre and then slide four (4) fingers into the flaps of your fortune teller.

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Answers

D O T S

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Help Cyber Safe Robot to catch the criminals

I

43

Help Cyber Safe Robot to find his friends

44

Find the paths

45

Draw lines to connect the correct terms with each other

Dibirase Tlaišo inthaneteng

Swara batho ba bangwe ka mo o ka ratago gore le wena ba go sware ka gona.

Facebook

Tšhomišo ya inthanete go tšhošetša batho ba bangwe

Thomelo ya diemeile gore o utolle boitšhupo bja gago

Kgokagano ka websaete Kgokagano ye e swanetšego inthan-eteng

Emeile Mošomiši wa dipeakanyo tša khom-phutha ka bonokwane

Kutso ya boitšhupo Tshedimošo ya motho yeo e šomišitšwego ka ntle ga tumelelo ya gagwe

Motho yo a šomišago khomphutha go hwetša datha ka bonokwane

Khouto ye e šwahlelago datha ya khom-phutha

47

Learn without limits.college of science, engineeringand technology

My very own personal

Internet-safety pledge

1. I promise to never give out my personal

information over the Internet unless my

parents say I can. 2. I promise to remember that people can

pretend to be someone they are not over

the Internet.3. I promise to tell my parents if someone I don’t

know tries to contact me over the Internet or

asks me to tell them personal information.

My Name:

My Parent/Guardian:

Date:

on the

www.cyberaware.org.za

Surf safeside

48

Learn without limits.college of science, engineeringand technology

www.cyberaware.org.zasafe

cyberbe

49

Imithombohttp://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Legal/Copyright.aspx © Commonwealth of Australia Ulwazi olukulesi sizindalwazi lunamalungelo omqambi aqukethwe yi Commonwealth. Ngaphandle uma kuphawulwe

ngenye indlela, ungavula, ugcine, usabalalise, uprinte ubuye ugaye ulwazi olukulesi sizindalwazi ngendlela engagu-quliwe kuphela (gcina lesi saziso, nayo yonke imibhalo engaphezulu noma ngezansi evela embhalweni wokuqala) ukuze uyisebenzise wena, kungabi ngokwentengiso noma uyisebenzise enkampanini yakho.

http://www.staysafeonline.org/content/privacy-policy Ukugodlwa kwamalungelo: Konke okuqukethwe (kufaka phakathi, ngaphandle kokuba nomkhawulo, imidwebo, imifanekiso kanye nendlela

okuvela ngayo isizindalwazi kanye nokuqukethwe) kuyimpahla ye Alliance noma ababhalise ngaphansi kwayo. Akekho ku Alliance noma ababhalise ngaphansi kwayo abaxekisa amalungelo ayo empahla, okufaka phakathi, kodwa kungabi nomkhawulo, kumalungelo okuqamba, kuma trademarks kanye namanye amalungelo obuhlakani empahleni. Lesi sizindalwazi kanye nokuqukethwe kuhlose ukusetshenziswa ngumuntu, kungathengiswa kubaseben-zisi besizindalwazi. Akekho umsebenzisi walesi sizindalwazi ongathengisa okwesibili, akhiqize okwesibili, aprinte, avule, akope, asakaze futhi noma akhombise (ngokusebenzisa “uhlaka” lwe html noma ngenye indlela) noma iyiphi ingxenye yalesi sizindalwazi noma Okuqukethwe ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili ye Alliance, ngaphandle uma lokho kukopa noma kuprintwa kokuqukethwe okwenziwa yilowo muntu, kungekhona okwentengiso kuvumeleke lapho kugunyazwe khona ngumthetho.

http://www.safetyweb.com/poster I-SafetyWeb iyajabula ukuhlinzeka umphakathi ovikelekile kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kusetshenziswa i-

Free Poster ekhombisa ezinye izibalo ezethusayo mayelana nokwesatshiswa kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Sigqugquzela wonke umuntu ukuba avule futhi asebenzise lo mthombo ongakhokhelwa ukuze asize ukufundisa umphakathi wangakubo mayelana nohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi oluvikelekile!

http://www.cyber.edu.in/index.php?title=Posters I-Asian School of Cyber Laws ilungise amaphosta ezosabalalisa ngawo ukuqwashisa ngezingxenye ezahlukene zoku-

phepha kuhleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi.

La maphosta angavulwa mahhala ku-high-resolution ngendlela ye-PDF ukuze aprinteke kalula.

http://www.nativeintelligence.com Amaphosta angakhokhelwa Okuqwashisa Ngokuvikeleka Imigomo yokusebenzisa: Amalungelo okuqamba kumele ahlale akumaphosta amahhala; amaphosta akumele agu-

qulwe, kanti imifanekiso akumele ikhishwe.

http://www.protect.iu.edu/cybersecurity/downloads I-Information Security and Policy Offices ihlanganisa ibuye ihlinzeke ngolwazi olufundisayo mayelana nokusetshen-

ziswa kwesiqoqelalwazi kanye nokuvikeleka. Khululeka ukuvula lokhu ukusebenzise, ngokukuprinta noma ngen-dlela ye-elekthroniki, emkhankhasweni wakho. Ngokujwayelekile umsebenzi kulezi zizindalwazi awusetshenziselwa izinhloso zezentengiso. Okwehlukile kuphela kungaba ngenhlosso yokufundisa ngemikhankaso yokuqwashisa, ngaphandle uma umkhankaso lowo ungowangaphakathi enkampanini kanti ulwazi olutholakele kulesi sizindalwazi alusoze lwasetshenziswa noma lwabonwa ngabantu.

http://www.iu.edu/comments/copyright.shtml Isizindalwazi sase Indiana University sifaka phakathi ulwazi olwehlukene olwakhiwe ngamalunga ehlukene om-

phakathi we IU. Nakhona le misebenzi kufinyeleleka mahhala kuyo ku World Wide Web futhi ingeze yafaka phakathi noma yisiphi isitatimende esimayelana namalungelo okuqamba, nakhona kunjalo umthetho i U.S. Copyright Act ihlinzeka ukuthi le misebenzi ivikelwe ngamalungelo okuqamba. Abasebenzisi kumele bacabange ukuthi imisebenzi ivikelwe ngamalungelo okuqamba kuze kube yilapho befunda khona ngenye indlela.

I-Indiana University ithanda ukuba abasebenzisi basebensize kahle ulwazi olutholakele kuleli khasi lesizindalwazi, ika-khulukazi uma ukusetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi kungenanhloso yokwenza inzuzo kwezemfundo. Okwamanje iyunives-ithi izama ukuthola izindlela zokucacisa amalungelo okusebenzisa ulwazi oluningi okufinyeleleka kulo kula makhasi esizindalwazi. Uma amalungelo okusebenzisa angabekwa ngokucacile mayelana nolwazi ngalunye, abasebenzisi kumele bacele imvume kumnini wamalungelo okuqamba kukho konke ukusebenzisa okungavunyelwe ngokuseben-zisa okufanele noma ngezinye izihlinzeko ze U.S. Copyright Act. Uma udinga usizo ngokuhlonza noma ngokuthola umnini wamalungelo okuqamba womsebenzi othile, uyacelwa ukuba uthintane nomnini wekhasi oxhumene nalesi sitatimende. Uma ukholwa ukuthi kube nokwephulwa kwamalungelo okuqamba, ungafaka isikhalo ku IU’s Chief Privacy Officer kanye ne Compliance Coordinator.

https://cyberexchange.isc2.org/download.aspx Nginolwazi ngezokuvikeleka, 2! Siza abantu emphakathini wakho kanye nasenhlanganweni yakho yemukela leli

culo ngokuvula noma yiliphi lalawa mathulusi okuqwashisa ngokuvikeleka angakhokhelwa najabulisayo afakwe ku (ISC)² Cyber Exchange. Sikugqugquzela ukuba wabelane ngalolu lwazi nawo wonke umuntu emphakathini wakho noma emsebenzini ozozuza ngalo - noma kungaba ngabangani bakho, ozakwenu ozebenza nabo noma izingane. Kokunye ungaklelisa ngokulandelana lolo oluthandayo. Sisize ukuba senze umhlaba wohleluxhumano ngesiqoqela-lwazi ube yindawo ephephile!

contenteagle.unisa.ac.za/elmarie/images/pdf/book zulu.pdfcontent amazwi okwamukela 4 i-south african...

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