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B groft KoHcnr{parln" yvac""o"arr.r Bce, He ro!,rbKo HecroBapuBaqcb, Ho tr He no.4o3peBas rofo... Kro He 6u.nz eearenraun? CryaeHr, sHasruHfi Ha rraMrrb cruXr{ puneesa.[onexaesa v exasulrlft na rconduqrJro B noMeuluquri aon,t.neKapb, ornpaBJreBrrrui,tcs ua c.nyx6y s AansHprfi xpali, ce-Mr{Hapltcr, npu$)KaBrIIufi sa BaKauLIoHHbre Mecflubr B Do.u,_.Hoe ceJro, yqtlTeab, ql.tragufift cd'toBecnocrb Ka.u,eraM, v BcncJroBecHo,cTb, LI BCe yHHBepc[TeTbt, JrI{UeU, AyxoBHbre H BO.eHHbre aKaaeMlir.t, TeaTpbr, r{op[ycbl, 3aIaAHHKLT r.r cJraBflHo_Qnnu, caMbre pa3ubre__xapaKrepbr H caMbre flporuBonoJro]K-HHe HanpaBJreHurr - 9aa.4aes H floreeoft, Ee.nnscrufi uforonb, lpaHoncxufi tl XoNrsxos>>.

.Ilyvuue ./-rroAtr r.t3 rroKor'reHul fepueHa n Orapera euepa3 oaoJleJrn Haxonaq: He craJIIt HH ,lt[IIIHI,tN{u, ul.t <<,4eficr_BHTC.IIbHbIM H CTATCKI,IM IZ>>.

Ho e Poccraficxofi lrMrrepvn sa raKHe no6elu noJrara-TOCb NJIATI,ITb.

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lepueu u Ee,rrHcruft He uorru He ,crarb 6;ruaxuuu Apy-3brMr.r. Cluruxou serHxo 6rrno cpoAcrBo r4AeaJroB. D.nsfepueHa x(e caMa renreJlbHocrr Ee.nnncxoro 6u.na npI,IMe-poM, oTBeToM Ha BOnpoc, qTo HaAJIexHT Ae,laTb.

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TanaHr cpa3y nponBr.rJ'rcfl ueo6uqaliHtrft: oruenoMJrrro-IJ],CC COCAHHCHI{C XYIO}KHVKA V MbICJIUTCJIfl, IIYBCTBA H JIO-rHKH, Cepbe3HOrO I,I OCrpoyMHono.

<Anrop rroBecrr, <<Kro st,tHoBar?>> rax-ro qy.4uo yrueJr Ao-Be,crlr yM Ao trog3uu, Mbrcr'tb o6parurs B xltBbre Jt[qa>, -flilcaJr Eennscxufi. Os xe B nncbMe r fepueny ruyrur: <<Vre6a crpaurHo MHoro yMa, TaK MHoro, qro q He 3Haro,3aqeMero cToJrbKo oAHoMv qeJIoBeKV...>>

-.A noxa cnopn,rl.t H coqnHqru, xiI,I3Hb floAcrynr.tJla c Ho-roft yrposofi. Kasanocb, KoHqfiJrHcb roAbr npec.neaonaunfin cxurauuir. lloseungcb ceMbs, 6orarcrso, 3aBerrlaHHoe or-IIOM, paCJyruas JrHrep_arypHarr cJraBa, 6,rugxne npy3bq -Orapen, fpauoecxnir, 6e"rrHHcxl.rfi, [I{enxnH, Keruep,-Kopnr,Eorxuu._flosxe fepueH BcnoMHHr: <<Hau He6o"nuu:ofi ,ipy.xox co6upaJrcg qacro, To y rofo, To y Apyroro, Bcero qa-ule y NaeHs. PqAoM c 6oniosueli, ruyixofi,- yxraHovr... rreJrcauufi Aesre.nlsuii, caMbrfi 6ucrpufi o6ueir usrcnefi, no-eocrefi u zuaunfi; xaxAsrfi nepeAaBaJr npoqreHHoe H y3HaH-Hoe, cnopbr o6o6utanu B3rJrrA u eupa6oraHuoe Ka)KAbIMAeJIa,'IOCb AOCTOTHHeM BCeX>.

Jlerou lB45 roaa Apy3bfi. Bcrpeqarnct s Coxonos'e noAMocKsofi. <tIyA_H_ue AHH, BeJruKorerrHbre renJrble Beqepa, -BcnoM14Hafi Vl. 14. flanaen, - 3ror napK npu 3aKare coJrHuaI,r B JryHHbre Hoqt{, Ha[tH nporyrKr.r, uaurn o6eAbl Ha lxapo-xoil nyxafiKe nep_eA AoMoM... Bcrper{a yrpeHHHx 3opb, Bcer.Aa olKllB,lesHar 6eceAa, HHorAa roprrr{r4e cnopbr... }BJteKSrreJrbHarr peus fpaHoBcKoro, 6,necrsqee ocrpoyr\rge"fepue.Ha, KoJrKHe 3aMeqaHHq Kopura, guxuf1 Ho a66poayurHsrftxoxor Kervepa, pa3MaxHBaBrrefo A,{HHHuu uy6yxo*, - rauaro BMecre 6uno rax xopouo, TaK nor'tHo )r{r.r3HH H no33HI.I...>

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B MeqTax, 3aAblxa,'lcq <<or cKoBaHHOTO CJIOBa, oT oTcyTcTBI'Ifl

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BbtxonHoro pa6crsa... HaqaJlbHuqecKoro roHa, reHepaJIbcKo-ro <<Tbr)> H noMeulHqbero ceKyu{ero pa6one[Hg.'.>>.

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rurrar6ayua u nonpaHHqsoro cro.n6a c opJloM npoexan BO-

30K, r!.e corJlacHo tlpoBepeHHblM nacnopraM HaxoAI'IJICtl oT'craegofi HaAeopuHfr coBerHHK AlexcauAp Hnanoauv lep-Ileu c cevseii.

<<t cuorper Ha3aA, urnar6ayu onycrl'lJlcfl' Berep MeJI

cHer H3 Poccl.lt Ha Aopory...>> Bonlue Pocctllo yBHAerb He

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H rre npouno ro.{a, KaK <raJrbBaHnqecKnfi v,rlaD norDfl,caer EBpony>. 1848 roa. Boccrator l-lanepuo" lr'Mu.,lbn,Pvt*r w Beueuuq. Pecny6.nnra s flapuxe. f6pueH Bu.[,r,rr H€_o6HxnoseuHoe ilrecrBue ABaArrarH Tbrcsg 6.,iysHnxoe, norc,ulux Mapceabe3v.

Pesoflroqr.rl i Eepnrne, _BeHe, llpare, EyAaneulre.3xo orAaercr yxicol,r s 3Hr{ueM ieopue."Kasaloct, c6Healorcg Meqrbl AercKr.Ix LI rcHbtx rer, lle.puoAa yHuBepcnrera u ccbrJrKa, noJrHoqHux 6eceA H neDBhrx

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H CrparuHee npexHHx.

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.Hnxo.nafi I <ucnpaulqer> poccnlo r.r Beurpnrc, Hanore.oH III - <Dpluuaro 'u Vranurc. KoHrppeno.,llou1fl coeAgHnrJracb: ceMbs lepueua y,{ocrar.rBaercq iiyx no.nuueficrux sa.JIeroB n B Konue KoHuoB Bbrcbuaercq r.li opanur,rn.

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u noABeprHyrb BeqHoMy H3tHaHHIO I'I3 npeAeJloB rocyAap-crBa. l4us u rpyAbl fepueHa 3anpeueHbl. flpzxasanoero sa6urr.

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Ayrrrsr o HoBotvt cpaxeHur.t, Aa)Ke trJraH ero, 3a-po.4HJILIcbyNe .U,aBHo: Ha.{,o co3.(arb cBo6oAHyro rpN6yny pyicrofi pe.qs 3a npereJraMr.I Pocclu.r.

22 utous 1853 roaa sapa6oral craHoK BoarHoft pyccKofirunorpaQnn. B aerycre l85S roaa Bblrrra nepBaq ,inongo-Haff sB$Aa>; I urcnn lB57 roaa-nepaufi <Ko.noxon>. '

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T'JIABA IIO.[UN HOMEP <KOJIOKOJIA>

Eeg eoasHofi peqlr - Her Bo-ll,Horo

qeJroBeKa. He aapov 3a Hee nrolr.t aa-Ior xH3Hb, ocraBJtRloT oreqecrno, 6po-carcT aocroFHne, Cxpuaaerc, ToJtbKocna6oe, 6onuleecR, He3peJloe, (Morqa-HHe _ 3HaK CofnacHr>i oHO flBHO BbI-paxaer orpeqeHae, 6eeHaaexHocrs,cKroHeHue roJ,roBbt, co3HaHHyro 6essu-xoJtHocTb.

Orxpuroe c.rroBo _ TopxecrBesHoenpn3nanfie, nepexoa s [eftcrere.

<Koaorco.a>, uonep I, I up.ta Ig57 e,

epe.tl HaMH x(ypHan fepuena. oAHH I{s MHofHX.BBepxy nepBofi crpaHuubr:

KOJIOKOJInPHEABoqHbIE JIHCTbI K <noJI.gPHoR 3BE3AE.

N! 64

I vapra 1860 roaa

B garoaonre - ncTopHs qenofi rpeBoJrrou[oHHoft 3noxH.3a nqrt ner Ao roro B KHr.r)KHbIX Mara3r.rHax Srnun;;liEnponu H HeJreranbHo s poccfir.r BnepBbre norrBurucb ror-

cThre c6opHr4Kn, Ha o6flo)KKax KOTOpbrx 3HaqHrocb:

.nOIqpHAt 3BE3AArHsraHue Bo,nlnofi pyccxoft rrrnorpaOlrH

JloudonHassau[e 6btno nrrsosol{.

Pt{aeee H Eecryx{eB H3Aa,BaJrH3B$Ay>.

TpltAuarrrc ro.iIaMH panbrue,[eKa 6p Hcrcxyro <flo.n ap uylo

2 H. fl. Sfiaearrasr7

Tpunuars rer cnycrl .ue.rro 1825 roaa nponoJlxaJlocb-O rou roBopnnlt n noprperu nsru Ka3HeHHbIx Ha 3arJIaB-HoM JIHcre, H Bce coaepxaHne KHuxeK, rae orpblBKll <bu-Jroro u ayM> coceacrBoBaJlH c 3anpeueHHblMIt cTHXaMnflyruxrua n nHcbMoM 6e,ll.tHcxoro x foronn.

6un 1855 roA.Kpuucxoe nopax<eHHe 3aBepuH,'Io30-nerHrcro <HHKoJIaeBu[HHy>. Bce c,IlaBJIeHHoe, cKpblroeBbrpBaJIocb Hapyxy. <Hosbte BpeMeHa cKa3aJlltcb Bo BceM:B npaBilrenbcrBe, B Jll{reparype, e o6urecrBe, B HapoJLe.-HeMaq crpaHa rtp]ryqanacb K cnoBy, crpaHa KaHueJIlpcKoItrafiHu -K r,'racHocrlt, crpaHa Kpenocrnoro pa6crna - po.nrarb Ha oueftHgx>.

<C.nyxu Hocnrcn, tlro t xor.Iy rarb cro6oay Kp€crbrl;HaM, - HaqaJr cBolo peqb nepea MocKoBcKHM ,U,BOpffHCTBOM

uosrrri HMrreparop A.nexcauap II:-oro HecIIpaBeAJIllBo,H Bbr Mo)Kere cKa3arb 3ro BceM HanpaBo fi HaJIeBo>. Ho qe-

pe3 MHHyry s rofi xe perlu uapb 3arBHJt, qro ropa3.a,o rtyq'ilre. ,{ro6sl oceo6oxAeHge KpecrbqH npox3orxJro cBbt[Ie, He-xeJrlr cHLr3y. l-[apr He JrraJI, oH AeficrsxreJlbHo He xoreJl oc-so6ox,[eul.rn, Ho y]Ke He Mor nocrynllrb HH.aqe.

Hosure BpeMeHa rropo,nllJrH HeBHAaHHbrft npexne roJIoAHa neqarHoe cJIoBo. fepueHoncxafl rnnofpaQnn, uaronun-uafl 3a ,rIBa rora uslufi cKnaA Hec6urux 6pourrop lt cra;Tefi, Tenepb He MorJra yaoBrerBopHTb cnpoc. PoccEq xaA-HO [OrJrO[t,aer J'rHTeparypy. <KHHTH H,[.yr yALIBI{TenbHo,-nnrrrer l-epueH cBoeMy Apyry Mapnn KacnaponHe Peft-xeJrb.- Bu pasaaaafire H rapttre, KaK xorttre>>.

B JIonaoH npuexaJr Oraper. [pysra He BH.u,eJIHcb re-csrb Jrer. Orapea, npnse:u:nfi c co6ofi pyccKlre qyBcrBa ItHacrpoeHns 1856 roaa, noarBep.u.HJr MbtcJrb, yxe Bo3HHK-ulylo y fepueHa: <[IonnpHan 3Be3tra> Bbrxorr,Hr cJlHuJKoMpeaKo. Mexay reu co6urnq s Poccnr,r Hecyrcr 6ucrpo, l.rx

ua,u,o6so JroBHTb Ha rerv, o6cyxuearb rorqac>. B socnol\,rll-HaHrrrx H. A. Tyuxosofi-Orapenofi paccKa3brBaercs: <O4-HaxJIbr Orapes cKasar I'epueny:

- A aHaeurn, Anexcanap. <flo.nnpnan 3Be3.u,a>, <6brroeH llyMbl> - Bce 3To xopotxo, Ho 3To He To, r{To HVx(Ho, 9Toge.6eceaa co cBonMH, HaM HyxHo 6sr Hsaaearb npaBnJrbHoxypHar, xorb B rBe HeaeJrr.r, xorb B Mecnu pa3; Mbr 6ut r.rs-

Jraranu cBoH B3rJlr.nbr, xeraHHfl .tIJln Pocctil,r n npoqee.fepueu 6srn e Bocropre or arofi MblcJrr.r:

- na, Orapea, - BcKpHqaJr oH c o)KHBJreHrreM. - nasaita3AaBarb )KypHan, Ha3oBeM ero <Konoxon>, yaapnM B Be-

l8

qeBofi KoJroKoJr, ToJrbKo B,(BoeM, KaK Ha Bopo6teaux fopaxuu 6u.nn Toxe roJrbKo ABoe, - LI KTo 3Haer, Mo)Ker KTo-Hu-,6yau u orKr'rHKHercr!>).

<<Ko.noxon>-qr.rraeM Mbr npoc,ran.rleHHuft garoJIoBoI(,A uyrl Bbr[re lreJrKllun 6yrnanrr.r The bell l: anr.ntftcrue6yreu - x.lefivo H3rHaHriq.

flo nereuAe, Koraa Honropo4 6u.n noxopen Mocxeoft,seqesoii KoJtoKo,'r - cr.rMBoJr Apeeueft cso6o,qu - 6u.n or-.IIpaBJreH B croJrr{rly, Ho Ha oAHoM us san1aficKptx vxa6os<cnpbrrHyJr>> c rereru u pazlunct Ha rblcflqu ual-eHlxnx<<ga.n,4arlcxnx KoJroKoJrbrles>. C rex nop oHH conpoBox(,rlarorrlyrb KalKAofo rr\,nrruKa I{ pa3Hocqr no nceri Py,ca raMrrrbo crapr4H_Hbrx BorHocrqx. Bosr,roxHo. fepueu 3HaJr aro npe-AaHHe: Hoaropo4 6u.n uecron,t ero ccbtJrKH. <<V,lapHM e ;e-qeeofi Ko,'roKoJr>>,- cKa3aJr oH Orapesy, a oAHo irs npn.no-xeHnfi K )KypHa,'ry Ha3BaJr uO6uree Beue>>, xar 6u obtsc-Hflfl, tITo .lroHAoHcxHri <<Koloro.n>>

- r.r3 cJraBnoro H ApeBHeropo/Ia KoJroKoJloB, 3BoHHBrrIHx K cso6o,qe.

B Haesaur.ru reprreHoBcKoro xypH arra - ri or3ByKr.r pe-BoJnouuoHHoro Ha6ara, r ulrJrr'repoBcxaq <<flecHb o ro.no-KoJre)>: <<Ceo6oAHbr KoJroKoJra ssvKlt...,

lpeunuree 3arJraBr.re c nepnono HoMepa craJro noruo-ltpaBHbr]r yqacrHHKoM cpaxenufi, noqersoft Qurypoft nocrporax r,r y,qapax.

KoHeuHo, aBTop_br BacraBilnilvt eto <<3BoHLITu>. flepnax xecTaTbt nepBoro <<Konoxona>> npocgJra qrrare.neft uHe to.ltt-,Ko cd'ryuarb HauI l(oaorcot,- uo H caMr{M 3BoHHTb Bgero!..>.

<KorAa yilapqrcT s <<KoroKor>), oH 3BoHur...

,, UAHHM - rpo3Ho, ApyrH^M _ npa3AHuqHo rz ApyxecKlt>.Ho..3To-He npocro 3BoH. 3ro <<uueHHo BorrJrb, no.[HnMarc-]quftcn H3 c.be3)Kfix, H3 Ka3apM, c noMeullqbr.tx KonloureH,c 6aputnuurrx nonefi, c ueH3ypHofi 6ofiHu>.

Ko.noxontHHft ggoH pa3Hocl.rrcfl naleKo, n KaK 6u ro-,JroKor'r Hu 6st.lt MaJI, ero Bce x(e cJrbrIUHo s poccHr.I.

3nyxr.r ycxar,rBarcTcq rilrxnHofi, oKpyxarctrtrM MoJrqaHrr-,eM, Ho KoJIoKor'I no csoefi flpupoAe-Bpar rturusu: <MuxAeM c HerepneHueM Tofo BpeMeHr.r. xorr,a llo.rts.puan 3aee-da noroHer nplr noJrHoM rHeBHoM cBere, H Ko/lorKot He 6v-Aer cJrbrueH rrplt rpoMKoM foBope cso6oAnofi pyccrofi pein

I The bell - Korroro, (anet.)

2* l9

,LoMa>. flora aroro Her, HHKaKHe <yroDopbl' He 3acraBsrkoroxo.lt <<npllKycl'lrb xeresHHft fl3blK>.

fepueH qacfo nuurer cJloBo Konorcon 6ee xasuqeK, cJIoBr

Ho oH r.r BnpsMb ueAHstft nnu xusoft. OH se cKpblBaer, qro

cTpacTHo IIpHBtl3aH K CBOeMy Kottorcong, noJlb3yeTct He

TOJIbKO BCeMI'{ <<KO,'lOKOd'lbHblMI'I qaCTff MI'I>>, HO Aa-Xe nyCTbIM

npocrpaHcrnbu unyrpu ero: Bce I'IAer noA <Ko.noKoJI> -<<cMellrHoe I{ npecry[Hoe, 3JIOHaMepeHHoe. I{ HeBe)KeCTBeH'

Hoe>; aax(e - nepeBepHyruu Ko.noKoJIoM: <<MbI He 3HaeM

peAaKulur B MHpe, Koropafl 6u 6ee pae6opa cofnacuJlacbneqararb rpaMoruble n 6esrpanorHble crarbn' nHoraa noJl-l

Hbre rr{qHocTsMH, HHOTAa HeOCTOpO)KHOCTSMH' KOTOpbIe

B3AyMalor eft nocu.naru. Konorcon B raKoM cryqae npllAer-cfl nepeBepHyrb r.{ c,q,e.Ilarb H3 Hero sMy, a xoropyrc 6eepaa6opa 6yayr cbllarb xopoune Betun I'I cop...>.- flcia sBoHrnM 3afJIaBHeM - eayuuufi naruucxlft 3tlu-roa6:' Vivos voco!.. - XusHx souy!..l{s anr,rrpaQa K rrIHIJIepoacxoft <<flecue o KoJIoKoJIe>:

Vivos voco - Xuoux sosY,Mortuos plango- Mepreux ottnaKllBato,Fulgura frango - Mo"rnuu noMalo.Kro - xneute?<3ro re paccexnnble no sceft Pocctltl JIloal'I.MbIcJII'I, JIIo-

ar.r ao6pa Bcex coc,'IoBLII-1, MyxqI,IHH H xeHI1lHHbI, cry]IeHTblx o$uuepu, Koropble KpacHenr n fiJlar{yr, AyMafl o Kpeno-crHoM cocroqHr.rH, o 6ecnpaerH B cyAe, o cBoeBoJIHH IIOJIH'

uHH, KOTOpbIe nJIaMeHHo XoTgT fracHocTH, KoTopble c coqyB-CTBHCM qHTA}OT HAC>>.

. Cpean <<)KHBbrx>> Aa)Ke re, KTo yMep, uoBeuleH, norn6 saKaropre, Ho KTo xr.rBer, norolvly qro 6sIr AeficreurerbHo xH-BbrM npn xH3HH. 3aro cpe4u <(MepTBbtx>> - LI Te, KTo yMepnpl-l xr.t3Hlt, qbe cyuecrBoBaHI,Ie He 6oflee, KaK cyuecrBo-BaHne.' <<Ocrasbre MeprBbIM xopoHLITb MeprBbIX... Hx ue BocKpe-cI{Te... 3sarr uaAo6uo xnBbrx, Mbr H 3oBeM sac... Orxrnxaft-iecu xe - ecrb JII.r B [oJIe xns qeroBeK?>)

Vivos vocol - ero 6oesoft KJrHr{, BoeHHufi napolr xyp-flaila.. V uupHoro, <rlrarcxoro> )KypHaJIa pa3Hble MenKI'Ie II3-AareJrbcKue AeraJIlI 6onuuefi qacrbto He 3aMeqaprcq. OHltMourr{ 6u 6urt LI rpyraMl't: raK, ornpaBJlflscb Ha flporyn-Ky HJrLI B HeAaIeKoe nyreuecrBue, Mox(Ho. 3axBaTHTb Ty

20

HJIH HHyIO Beulb, MoxHo H o6ofiTHcb, MoxHo olerbcfl TaK

l{Jllr HHage. He ro ua eoftue, rAe Bce BaxHo, - H IIB€T IIII,I'HeJrr.r, n Bbl6op rponHHKIt, I'I HcnpaBHOCrb Opyxllg-BCeMOX(er Aarb [o6eAy nils cronTb xIl3HH.

<Koroxo.tt>> - xypHaJI 6utast, He I'lM Ha'Iarofi t. He npnHeM gaBepuesnofi. -B

Her'l Boloer 3aroJloBoK, enurpa$ n 4a-xe ue.nxne 6yxnn pflaoM c H?IMH: <V Tpro6nepa... ! KHHx'Hoft .nasxe, 60 Pafernoster Row, t't y Txopxencnoro, 39,

Rupert Street, Haymarket>. 3ro allpeca KHI4)KHbIX raBoK'rAe Bceraa MolI(Ho Aocrarb repuegoBcKue n3AaHI'Iq. CroaaqBrrrncb rpue3x(I{e us Poccun. Tpn6Hep - Kou.MepcaHr'He 3HaBuIHir HE c.nosa no-pyccKn, Ho oueHuelxuft BbIfoA'Hocrs c6ura cso6oAuHx py'ccKl'rx KHHr u HeMaJIo 'cnoco6-crsosasunft HX pacflpocrpaHeHlt]o. Txopxeecxuft - gpyr H

noMoutnlrx fepueHa u Orapeaa.B rasxu iaxo,qsr He roJIbKo KynI'ITb <Koloxo.ll> rr'Jtlr

<florapHylo 3Be3Ay>, Ho H nepeilarb HoBocrll ne PoccllHr.rJrfi AoroBopnrbce o Bcrpeqe c fepueHou. flo srnu xe aA-pecaM nocrynator nncbMa, a TaKxe AeHbrH s Qottx noMourllHyxllalouHMcs 3MHrpaHTaM.-

Creea Ha xypHaJle Apyrat Ha,u,nucb: <flo.rlyuaercR- aBo.nrHofi pyccr<ofi rurorpaQru, 2. Thornhill p-lace, Caledo''nian road>. Sror aapec HMeHso s Ha[eM, 64-u HoMepe,

noeBrJrcfl BnepBbre. Eule e 63-r'1 6un apyrofi: Iudd street,Brunswick Square c npHMerIaHHeM, qro <Bo.nrHag pyccKasrnnorpaQnr g JIoH,u,oHe, yBeruqxBan cson pa6orbt, EepeMe':uraercs c 1 t'lapra...>.

<vgernqlieatl cBoH pa6oru"'>,- 3Aecb cyMMa, HTof or-pouuofi 6ops6sr 3a .pyccxoe o6tuectseuuoe MHeHI'Ie.-

Ilena <Ko.noxo.na>> 6 neHcos. He oqeur Aopofo, Ho LI He

Ae[IeBo: crouMocrb 6yuaru, pacxoA Ha neqaranne' npn-6unu rsuroroproBueB, 3arpara Ha nepeBo3Kr 3a rpaHI'I[y'AOnJraTa Ha <<npopblB> pyccKl'lx rpaHnu, pacxoA Ha 9K3eM-

nrqpbr, 3axBaI{eHHbIe pocctlficxoft u apyrllMl,t noJIHuHqidH'6ecn.rraruas BbrcbrJlKa nureparypbl no MHorI'IM a.4pecaM. Bce,qeno lepuen Be.u,er Ha cBot{ cpe,u,crBa. <Ao 1857 roAa He

ToJlbKo neqarb. Ho u 6yuara He oxyna.nacl. C rex nop Bce

r.r3,rl,epxKn noKpblBanrcs npoAaxefi, Aa.rIee uauru Qnnauco''Bbre >KeJraHHfl He HAyT>.

flln fepueHa u -OnapeBa

BaxHee Bcefo Aocraexa <l(o''JroKoJra) g PoccHIo. B aHr.rlxficxofi HaAnncn HaA 3aroroB':xou <3aperxcrpupoBaHo s laasHoM [oqroBoM ynpaBJIeHIrI{

Ans pacnpocrpaHeH[a 3a npeaenbil Coeansessoro KopoJleB-

2l

CTBa>> BbIpa)I(eHa BCfl cyTb AeJIa. HMessO 3a npaBo paclporcTpaHflTb cBoro leqaTb <<3a npeAeJrbr coeanseHHoro Kopo-JIeBCTBa> pyccKlle peBoJrrorlHoHepbr Lr xil.rByT B rry)KoM ro.PoAe. HnaeHHo noroMy, rrro HH o,qr.rH pyccKHfi UeH3op HeAo[ycruJr 6u pyccKr.rx cJroB, neqararou.luxcn B <<Koro-KoJre>>, oHH ornpaBflTcff s Poccuro c <<aHrJtr.rficKl{M pa3pe-IIICH14CM>.

Ho npex4e cso6oaHoe cJroBo AoJrlKHo Bourornrbcf, Bupa$r; nepeftrn na 6yuary. Eyrrlara rE rupuQr - nrorb r.r

KpoBb >KypHaJra - rroJrHonpaBHbre yqacrHHKr4 cpaxeHHs.Eyuara - ToHKar, 3aro MaJreHsxtrft xypHal Mo>KHo cro.

)Kr.rTb B rrerBepKy, Aaxe ocbMyruKy, cnpqTaTb MHOIO 3K3eM.nnflpoB B KapMaHe, ABoftHoM AHe rreMonaHa.

IIIpnQr. C Hero KofAa-ro H Haqr.rHaJrocb Bce .EeJro.B 1853 roAy, etue Ao cMeprr.r Hnxonas I n poNaeHts <<flo..nrpuoft 3Be3,u,br>, fepueu ncKaJr KpacKy, ciasox, urpnQruAns 6y.[yuefi BonrHofi rr.rnorpaQuH. B ero BpeMr Cagxr-nerep6yprcKafl aKaaeMr.rq HayK saKa3ara pyccxufi u_rpr.r6rnapNxcroft Qqpr'le Lnno, Ho ie ssqna ero.

'Lllpuer .aocrafl.

ca fepueHy. Buecro HayKil, yrBepx{AeHHofr 'sricoqaftureft

uensypoft, 6yxsu craJrr.r ttpeBparrlarbcrr B peBor}outrr]o, Hr,r yKOrO yrBepxAeHHq He CnparxHBar,olllylo.

fepueHy rorAa noMofJrrr noJrbcrrle peBoJrlou[onnbre 3Mr{-rpaurbr. Jlyvruue ,r_3 HHX, TaK[e xax CraHHcnaa Bopue;rs,HeHaBHAs Poccl.no Huxonar, nporflHyJ'rr.{ pyry poccuu fep.qeHa. <fIpexAenpeNreHHo cocrapuBrxr{fi-or.

- 6onesnesHrift

CraHHcJas Bopue.nl BcrpeqeHyJrcfl npr.r Becrr.r o pvccxoftrnnorpaQHu, - BcnoMHua.n fepueu, - oH noMofaJr MHe ae.Jlarb 3aKa3bl, paccqr{TbrBa"q q}rcJto 6yxs, vcrpaHBar cranoKg nonrcxoft runorpa$nu. fi nouHro, KaK olt B3rr!,r y MeHq cocroJra nepeuii KoppeKrypHuft nucr h, AoJtro paccMarDHBaffero, cKa3aJr une, rly6oKo rpoHyrbrii: <<Eoxe rraoft!

'6oxeuoli! no qero s rox{l.rJr, Bo.lrr,Has pyccKas runonpa(ua nJIosAoHel Cronlro AypHbrx BocnoMr.rnaHrrr4 nocr,rerHer.o BDe-MeHH crllpaer c uoeft Ay_Tr{. gror K"rroqor 6ynaana, sanaapiu-suft ronnaHAcKofi caxefi!> l.

Eyrntr xypHaJra MeJrKHe, fToMr'tftrour,te fJra3, saro 6ors.rrle rexcra Ha Kax,rIoM Jlr.rcre, 6onuue HelpnrlTHocrefi npo-rHBHr.rKy. Oco6esHocrr{ aroro urpr.rQra Hasy6ox s"an" isl.coKoonJlaqfiBaeMbre 3Kcleprbl III orrenesHg: <<byvara vurpuSr - JroHAoHcKHe>>, - AoKJraAbrBaJrr{ uapro n ureQy

22

t foalas.ucrar caxa - rlrnorpaQcKafl KpacKa.

xaHAapMoB o HeJleraJIbHoM BO33BaHHI{ <K MonoAoMy no-XOJICH!IIO>.

Ho nouepr BonrHofi pyccxofi runorpaQan eure Jyt{ue3nafla Pocclls )KltBafl. Kax x.nsrsa BepHocrl arofl Poccltl'lsByqaJrl{ fepueHoBcKHe cJloBa H3 nepBoro HoMepa <Konoro-na>: <Be:Ae, Bo BceM, Bcer,[a 6ulrl co cropoHbl BoJIH - npo-THB HaCI,rJil{s, CO CTOpOHbI pa3yMa - nporl',IB npeApaccyA'r(oB, co cropoHbt HayKH - nporltB t'tsysepctra, co cropoHblpasnnedrcunxcn HapoAoB - nporl.rB orcralourx. tlpaBu-TCJIbCTB>.

KaxAsrft JILIcT x(ypHaJla 6u.n sstnorHenuoft xlsreoft.Hor'rep 64-ft ;rzruu o,[HH Lt3 MHorHx. Teuu ero crareft <se3-

.u,e r.r Bo BceM>>: ocgo6oxAeHl'Ie KpecrbsH H 3aKpenoueHneneqarn, AnexcaHap II u re.necHble HaKa3aHufl, uapcKue Mu-

Hlrcrpbr u IIo.nuura, reHepaJlbt t{ .u,HnroMarbl, counaJIH3M'HoBbIe noAnoJlbHbte H3,tlaHnfl, npoulnbte BoccraHltR, 6yayurnepeBonp[HLI, H cnoBa - occo6oxAeHl'le KpecrbtlH. 31or <Ko-.lroxo.nu, KaK n 244 lpyrux, <BcraJI ropofi sa ocso6oxJleHuexpecrunH> t.-

Oopr'ryna KalK.a,ono <<Kolorona>: Pocclts - Jlouaou -Poccuq. Hs PoccHtI npue3)Kalor Jtloar't. Ocna6eauee npaBn-TeJrbcrBo BbrHyxaeHo o6.nerqnrs. Bbte3a 3a py6ex. Tyaa€xenoaHo ornpaBJlttercq oKoro 90 000 qefloBeK. 6o.nuulutt-crBo pyccKllx, noceulanurnx Jlogaou, ct{HTaer .[orroM no-6rrearr y l-epueua. Hexoropue Aa]Ke cneunad'lbHo nyrelue-cTByr,oT, qro6u noxarb pyKy JIereH,ll,apHoluy HcxlHAepy.<Kro ronsro He nepe6brBar, - BcnoMnHaer B. 14. Ke.nscn-eB, oAHo BpeMg corpyaulluaautuft c l-epueHor.l.- Ertna"nnry6epnaropu, reHepanbl, Kynubl, Jllareparopbl, aaMbt, crapu-Kr.I, crapyxn,6HsaflH cryAeHTbt - ToqHo naHopaMa KaKafl-ToilpoxollHra nepe,r. HaMH, ToqHo BoIOna,Il rl'lrctl, 14 3ro He CqH-

Tar rex, c KoropbrMH I'epuen... Bn.a,a.tcr c I'na3y Hd r.na3...>C npunerou or roBaprtuefi saxoanr oQuuepsl c pyccKo-

ro xopa6nn. 3ae:xNfi cryneHT npuBo3nr noanoJlbHble crl{-xH, paccKa3brBaer, KaK Ha yHHBepc['trercKoM 6aHxere Fo.u,Hq-Jrlr rocr 3a orcyrcrByotuux cry,u,eHToB Mocxoscxofo yHIlBep-cnTeTa H KaK BCe AOraIaJILlCb, O KaKHX CTyAeHTaX l{treT peqb.

Hcropnx H Jtnreparop n. 14. EapreHen aocraer H nplr-Bo3LIT BocnoMHHaHnr ExarepuHrr I[, r,[,e orKpoBeHuo onn-caHbt pa3JroxeHHe, aJlt{HocTb, HHTpl,IrH HMnepaTopcKoro,u,Bo-pa. CxaHaaJlbHbre 3anHcKH AecsrKLI ner xpanl{nncb cpeAll

t B. H. JI e u u n, Counnenur, r. 18, crp. 12.

23

A. U. fepuer u H. fl. Orapea

ceKperueftrrJl.rx 6yrrlar qapcKoft Qurrlu.nnu. fepuen ryr xenycxaer Hx a Ha6op.

Hacro Hae3xaer H. C. TypreHes. OH Mnoro sHaer, H6ococToI{T B 3HaKOMCTBe r{ nepenncKe c BecbMa BnHrTerbHbr_MH It CBeAyrIluMH n0AbMr.t. .

-- 9p94, rocreri A. V. fepueua n H.'n. Orapena_H. _f. rlepnurueecxufi lr JI. H. To;rcroft, A. H. Ocrp'oscKnfrI O. M. Aocroeacxufi, B. B. Cracos H'H. f. pyOllurrein.Bnpoueu, HMeH Mnofltx nocernTeleft uu He sHaeM H Ao cHx

24

nop. B AoMe fepueHa orJIHqHo IoHHMaJII{, qro III orae.ne-HHe BMeer ylxn Aaxe n Jlott.4oHe. floerouy co6creeaHbleLIMeHa rocrefi, KaK npaBuno, He Ha3bIBaJIHcb. I-epueH JII'Itubno3BoJlgn ce6e r Hexoropuirl 3aMerKaM oKonoxo"na> Ae-'narb noqcHeunq, HanpnMep: <ItHe sro paccKa3blBaJl oqe-BHAeu, npucyrcrBoeasruufi npu arofi cuene>, n.nn <<coo6ure-

Ho>. Anq 6eceA c npHeexHMIt BblAeJIIlJtI{ cHaqaJla oAHH, no-TOM TBA AH9 B HCACJIIo.

lepueu x Orapen u 6es toro 6yxnalluo 3aBafleHbl pa-6oroft, Ho <He [pHHHMarb roxe 6u.no He.IIb3tl, -. notlcHfler'ror xe Ke.nucuee. - Kaxauft npuesxlfi npuiosH.tl KaKHe-

ur,r6yAr HoBbte cBeAeHHA, Aa H B HHTepecax nponaraHAbl He-

o6xoAllltro 6u.[o osHaxoMnTbcq c KaxAbIM Hulylul{M 3Ha-KOMCTBA>.

Ke.nscl{eg He nuluer o roM, tITo )Kl{BbIe Bcrpequ c o6lt-TaTerqMH <roro 6epera) npHAaBail:,l^ cvtJt, HeMHOto CMqrrIa''JIU ropeqb [3lHaHHs.

Ornycrue rocreft, HcxanAep n Orapee npuHHMalorctr3a nHcbMa.

<Hau nuuryr>, - HaqHHaJIncu iluorue crarbu n 3aMerKIl<Konoxona>. Iluruyr oroBcloAy. BHxrop fnro u fapu6ans-An, peBonrcuHoHepbl noJlbcKl,re, BeHfepcKHe, Ho 6ortue Bcex,KOHeqHO, nHUIeT POCCl.ls - OT CTOJll.lU AO MeABeXbHX yr'aos.' <KaKr.re nucbMa npuxoatr HHoF.u,a,- foBopltr fepueu.TypreHery,-u qepr 3Haer orKyta-rr3 KasaHu, n: Opeu-6ypra... Hau nuruyr raKlte cllMnarHI{, qro qyao>. Kelucl't-es coo6uar, qro <o,ItHltx ueQpauxupoBaHHblx naceM npnxo-4r.rlo py6.na Ha rpH'B ,u,eHu> l.

B nepeue ror,br xH3Hn Bontnofi runorpaQnn IIHcbMa6u.nn ucKJrroqeHrgM, MoJIqaHue - npaBHJroM. HanpacHofepueH [oBToptn, qro MoJlqarb HeJrb3fl, ttro <MoJIqaHHe-3HaK cofJracnR>. Ho aaxe I'paHoscxnfi npocnn He nucarb.H He neqarars. <l-loesxafi n AuepnKy, Hnqero He nuruu, Aaftce6q ga6Hrb, H Tor,u,a noAa r{ep$ aBa, Tpn. MH Hat{HeM pa-6orarr, qro6 re6e pa3peunJru B6e3,u, s PoccHro... He rax rE'(Anexcan4p) H(eanonnu)?>-roBopua fepueHy rroceruB-ruuii ero M. C. lllenxuu.

I HeQpanrnpoBaHuHe nHcbMa, T. e. nllcbMa, xoropHe onraqnBae?nonyqarenb. Crouuocrr re$panrnponaHnoro nilcbMa ra Poccutr s Aar-Jruro cocraBJrrJra ?orta 30-40 xon. 3nauar, fepueu notyqan oKorol0 raxux nnceM B ,o,esr. Bnrnuo, croJtbKo ,(e, ecJln ue 6orlure, noly'qaJrocb Qpanxnpoaannux (r. e, onraqenubax -,orn-paBnTeneM)_

nuceM'cJreaoBarenbHo, Bcero e)KeaHeBHo nprrxoaruro 20-25 nocnanufi-

26

<He rar, Muxaar CeMeHosHe, - orBeqaJr Hcxauaep. -I eHaro, qro Bbr ueug .nrc6ure H xeJraere MHe ao6pa. MHe6ontso Bac oropqurb, Ho o6ManbrBarb q Bac He Mory: nycrbroBopsr_Haun Apyssq qro xorrr, n runoepaQurc He sa-Kpon.- Ec.nu saruu Apy3bn He oueHrr Moero Aena, uHe 6y-,AeT Or{eHb 6olrHo, Ho 9To MeHrI He ocTaHOB}tT, OUeHsT Apy-,rHe, MoJroAoe noKoJreHue, 6yayuree noKoJreHr.re...>>

Tar 6uno e 1853 roay. A oKorro 1860 roaa: <BcqKnfi nH-,caJr, qro fionaJro: oAr.rn, qro6ur copBaTb cep,u,ue, Ap]roft, vro-:6u ce6s yBepr,rrb, qro oH onacsufi qenosex...-Ho 6wnunHcbMa, nHcaHHbre B [opblBe HefoAoBaHHfl, CTpaCTHbr€ KpHrr<H s o6naqeHr,re exeaHeBuux lvlepsocrefi. Taxte nuctuaablKynaJrr.r AectrKH <<ynpaxueHnft >>.

Cefiqac, cfiycrs cro Jrer, KorAa nosBuJrocb MHox{ecrBolBOCrrOMr{Ha nuir u o[y6r'rHKoBaHbr ToMa AoKyMeHToB,. yqeHbre3Halor Qauu;ran HecKoJlbKHx AecflTKoB xoppecnoHAenToBfepueua.'HseecrHo,

Hanpr.rMep, qro o6nnqureJrbHylo crarbro o npe-3r.rpaeMoM nerep6yprcxnun cryAenraMr.r npoQeccope [a_'BbraoBe Hanr.rcad'r e <<KofioKor> H. A. flo6ponro6on, a-crartrc.<VxpaaHa>>

- r.r3BecrHbrft ucrcpux H. H.' Kocrouapoe.Anrop 3aMer{arerbHoro <IlllcsMa Il3 rrpoBLrHuHH>>, noMe-.IrreHHoro KaK pa3 s 64-M HoMepe, Ha3brBaer ce6a <<pyccxuu

qeJroBeKoM>. Ipyrae KoppecnoH.[eHTbr tto.qnucbrBarcTcr:<< V x p a u H x a >>, <<JI eto nuceu>>, <<OAI.IH LI3 MHof HX>>...

Heualo ur.ner 14. _C. TypreHeg. <<Boo6ue, Typreuea, ruyx Tenepb Hac He sa6Heafi, Ll KaK qro, nlarrJn, a ecJrr{ oqeHb,BalKHo, ro H B +relerpae curpaft>>,_ npocr.tr fepuen.

B oAgou r.r3 HoMepoB llotBr.rJrcfl orpbrBox Lr3 BocnoMuHa_ttufi nexa6pacra .IIynr.rHa c rtpr.rMerraHueM: ubecxoseqno6naroAapuu Mbr nphcJraBlxero 3Ty crarbro>>. OcoOeHnaq ren.JIOTa 9THX C,'IOB, Aa H caM MaTepI{aJI HaBOAflT Ha MbIcJrb,'rrTo KoppecrtoHAeHT

- KTO-TO r.{3 eule )KHBrrIr.tx TofAa ,u,exa6_pr.rcToB.

flpucunarcr B <<KonoroJr>> u xoArulge no pVKaM <<paa.MbrrrrJreHilr y flaparuoro noA'be3Aa> H. A. Her'picoea. <<MuoqeHb peaKo noMer.uaeM crr.txn,_oro3BaJrcs 6t_fi <<Kono.KOr>>, - Ho TaKOTO pOAa CTLIXOTBOpeHLTe HeT BO3MO>I(HOCTH,HC NOMCCTI,ITb>>.

V 64-uy .l9yepy x{ylHara npearrrecrByer prrr nnceM.bule JreroM 1859 roaa fepuen rtoryr{Hr o0uuaanlHyo tr,J(OHeqHo, ceKpeTHyro [epenncKy BOeHHOI.O Mr.rHr.rcTpa c Ko_MaHAyIoquM orAeJlbHoro Kopnyca nHyrpenHeft crpaxn. Bu.26

coKoe BoeHHoe HaqaJrbcrBo BnoJrHe oAo6pHTerbHo or3brBa-:Jrocb o coxpaHeHHLI TeJIecHbrx HaKa3aHI-Ift ,IIJIfl coJIIaT, H.pa3yMeercr, 6ea oco6oro y,u,oBoJrbcrBufl yBr.r,u,eJ'ro Bcro cBoloxoppecnoHAeHuuro (cHavana e 48-r\a <<Konoxone>) no4 :aro-JIoBKoM, qBHo HcKaHAepoBcKrnM - <<TeopuR LI no33nq po3fI{ rxnHupyTeHoB B npHd'ro){(eHr.IH K 3au{HTHHKaM oTeqecTBa>>.

flpoaonxeHne r4cropl.tlr y)Ke B 64-n,t norr,tepe: <Kor,[a sflerep6ypre 6un nonyuen Nb 48 <Ko.noroJla>, ro BoeHHoeMriHr{crepcrBo nepenoJlo[rlrJlocb rro noBoAy cTarbn o po3laxu rxnHupyreHax.

Cre,u,creue o6 orucxanula npeaarerq KaHuerlpcxofi raft-nn 6slno Bo3r'rox(eHo Ha Buue-,u,upeKTopa HHcneKTopcKoro,u,enapraMeHTa BoeHHoro MLlHlrcrepcraa $.nureJrb-arboraH-ra noJrKoBHuxa rpa$a Clrnepca. fpaQ EeneHnfi Eropoenuco3BaJr nncapeli H npe.u,Jlara.n 100 py6. cep. Harparbr u no-BbrureHr,re B cJreAyrouuft xnacc roMy, KTo Bbraacr npeAa-TeJr9.

Vsu! Ao cefo BpeMeHu 6raropo,4nbre crapaHue noqren-uoro $nttreJrb-aa'bloraHra ocranhcu 6es ycnexa...> n,ansruernJro HecKo.nsxo y6riicrBeuHbrx noApo6Hocrefi o cauou Cu-Bepce...

Hcropnn .rloBoJrbHo ficHarr u oqeHb run[qHaq! Kro-ro usTIHHoBHHKoB HJrr nncapeft unHncrepcrBa cKonnpoBaJl H no-c-nan l-epueHy ceKperHbre uHpKynrprr. On xe 6nr.n cBu,a,ere-JreM HeyaaqHbrx po3brcKoB Br.rHoBHoro H He npeMHHyJr no-cJlarb s JIoHnoH Bropyrc KoppecnoH,u,eHur{}o, l.rs xoropoftHcxaHaep cAeJraJr He6onuuylo 3aMerKy <<lUnuupyreuu uCueepc>.

O,lHaxo He raK npocro 6u.no nepenpaBnrb cBe,4enr.rfl B<Ko.noxon>>. I(oHnepr c aApecou <<JIouaoH, fepueny> uorcrarb nyresxofi e Cu6ups. 62-ft <Ko.noKoJr>, HanpuMep, no-MecrI{Jr utrpKyr'rqp, Toxe BoeHHsrft H roxe cexperuuft, npe4-nucbrBaBrrr,rfi porHuu KoMaHnupaM <<rrpoBepflrb nr.rcbMa coJr-AaT K po,[HbrM H noilBepraTb cTpOrOMy B3btcKaHlrrc 3aMeqeH-Hbrx B coo6ureHura HeocHoBareJlbHbrx ceeleHuft no Kpecrb-qHcKoMy Bonpocy...>.

Ha crpaHuuax <<Konoxona>> fepueu u Orapea noMeuranrKparKI{e ypoKa KoHcnl{pauuu. <<HecronbKo pa3 noflyr{an[

-Mbr nncbMa H3 flerep6ypra H Apyrilx ropoAoB Pocclll cnpocu6oft BbrcJIarb KHurI{, <<Ko;toxon>> fi, fr'laBHoe, c npocb-6oft neueaJreHrro orBer{arb. t{ro aro-uyrKa, Heonbrrgocrbu.nn 6panala? Bo BcrKoM cJlyqae Mbr cqrraeM Haur.rM ,{oJr.[oM ,]te oTBeLLaTb..,>

LIzEa"renu <Konoxo.na> npocHJII'I JIllq, xeJIaroIIlHx lto+cblrarb HM pyKonllclr, He nepeAaBaTb naKeToB c nocblJlbHbl-uh nnu ABopHHKaMI't, a npnHocllrb caMHM.

EesonacHue nyru, K cqacrbto, Haxo,u.l'lJlncb. flncruo l'l.ltrnarer MoxHo 6uno c,u.arb 3a npeAe.nauH Poccuu-6naro3a rpaHnuy exaJlu'MHorI,te. Als eroro cayqas ToAHJIHCb aArpeca Tpr,o6Hepa n Txopxercxofo, ne'{araBIUuecl Ha KaxAoM<Konoxone>>. Ho u ryr HyxHa ocropoxHocrb: npyccras'HeaIIoJlHTaHcKag, caKcoHcKatl, napHxcKaq noJll'tuHll ]x(€ IIo-:

ryrrHrlr o'r cBoHx caHKT-nerep6yprcxux KoJIJler tlBHbIe urafi'Htre npocl6H H yBeAoMreHI'Iq H roroBbl 6unu apecro_BblBarb'xBararb, xousucxoauBarb, AoHocnrt. floarouy a i<l(o.noxo'Jre> norrBJrflr:lLlCb V TaKfle COO6Uesug: <Hecuorpt Ha ro, qro[HCbMa 3TH onO3.u.aJILI qerblpbMg MecguaMI'I u HaMu TOJIbKOqro noflyqeHbr, Mbr AyMaeM, qro '{nrareJIL Hauu 6yayr ao-BOJIbHbI TCM, qTO MbI NOMCIUACM I,IX>.

Llacrr nuceM H nocblJtoK flpuxoAnna Ha aApeca ,qpysefiIepueua s JIoH.[oHe, ,[,peeaeHe I{ Apyrrx ropoAax. Taxueaapeca 6sr,rn H:secrHbr KoMy cJIeayer, I{ npexae BC€fo cZlrMbrM Haae)KHbrM, [ocrorHHblM KoppecnoH,(eHTaM.

Mapnn l(acnaponHa Pefixe.ns.- crapuHHsrfi apyf, orJIHergufi nououlHnK. KoppecnoHAeHT, ornpaBHTerb, noJryqareJlbBonusofi pyccxofi lteqarn. Ee aou-cHar{aJla n flapnxe,noroM n Ipe:aeHe- <rura6-xBaprupa>, cBfl3brBa]oruaq Poc-clilo g <<JIoHnoHcKyn goJIbHHuy>>. OAnaxrlt, Kot'aa Marepga.abr c poanHbr rror{rH He urJrH, lepuen, noJryrrlyrr, norycepb-e3Ho 3aMerHr: <Ecru 6 y r'leun s PoccHtr BMecro Bcex lpy-sefi 6una oaHa Mapnq I(acnapoBHa, - sce 6buro 6u cAe.JI aHO)>.

B 1860 roay M. K. Pefixe"rrs ornpaBrser s JIoHAoH HPocclno cronbKo KoppecnoH,rleHuur.r, qro noryrraer or fep-'UeHa coBer: cocTaBHTb KaTaJIOT Ha IIpHxOAflU[He C pa3HblxcTopoH pyKonficlr.

Oans ne Hau6o.nee 3aMeqareJrbnbrx r(oppec[oHA€HroB -Hsxonafi Cepno-Co.noBbeBr.tq. <b.naropo4Heftuuft, qucreft.urufi, qecrueftunli qeJroBeK,

- t'oBopllJr o HeM <Koloxo.n>MHoro Jrer cnycrrl, - trocJle,4Httft tr{apxlts nosa>.

<Mapxus flosa> noroMy, uro Cepuo-Conosueauq, noAo6-Ho repon [Iu.nnepa, He cKpbrBaflcb, BbrcKa3an cBoe MHeHHeIIpaBHTerrM.

3ro oH, Huxo.nafi CepHo-Co.noBbeBntr, npo6pa;rcn B ca,u,,rAe rynen A.nexcaHAp II u nepeaaJr eMy nprMo B pyKH 3a-nncKy o npeo6pasoBaHlr.r Poccul.t. 3ro oH ocMeJruJrcs neroM

28

186l roaa ony6nuxoaaru r 5ep.nI'IHe no,tl cBol'IM HMeHeM

6poulopy npoiue peQopr'ru 19 Qeepa'nn 186l rona'' uf 'ny6"tinKyrc npoeKr tto,u' cBo-lIM HMeHeM, noroMy rlro

.rI,yMaIo, uro nopa HaM nepecrars 6osrlcs; noroMy qro' xe-

.nis, qro6n c iaruu fiepecranl{ o6paularucg KaK c AerbMI'I'

MbI AonlKHbI nepecrarb Aeftcrsoearb no-AercKu; floroMy qro

TOT, KTO xoqeT npaB!.bI H CnpaBeAJIIiBOCTlt, AoJIX(eH yMerb

o6ggare,rruo nocroqrb 3a HHx>>.

Iloruutts rorAa He apecroBa,'Ia ero' 3ro 6uno caeJlauo

fleMHOrO I103Xe.Eunn H npyrue. I'lx nuesa HcropllKll y3HaJII{ H3 nporoKo-

JroB Ii aKTOB uapcKI'IX CyaoB' yBeHt{uBaBIIlI,IX .u'etlTeJIbHOCTb

9Tr.{x cMeJIblx .ntoaeft ccul.ttxoii, xaroproft, Kpenocrb-n'I(ax pas B Te AHI4, Kol'aa ForoBllrcq 64-ft 'nncr <Ko;toxo-

Jra>, rroJruullu yAaJlocb o6napyxnrl raftsoe o6urecrso xapl-KoBcKr.tx cry,[eHroB. CneAcrsue,u,oKoflaJlocb' qro o6urecreonocbrJraJlo cBoux JIIoAefi e JIoHAoH ll nHQopt'tltponano lep-qeHa o xapbKoBCKI'IX AeJIax.

B 62-u <<Konoxo.ne> 6u.nr raKI'Ie crpoKII:<c ucrpeHueftrueft 6'naroAapuocrblo I'l3BeuraeM MbI no'

c,'raBIIIerO, r{To MbI IIOu]}qHJII{ BCe AOKyMeHTbI no AeJIaM O

fipecrbaHcKux Boccrauulx lI Bce Apyrne 6yuaru, nocJlaHuble

c HHM. PaeHo I,l n[cbMo o fenepaJl-ry6epHarope l4rsarlegeHaM AOCTaBneHo.

30 nneapa 1860. Park House, Fulham>'

OqeeHAHo, peAaxuul 6.naroAaput KaKoro-To oqeub oc-

BeAoMneHHoro KoppecrIoHAeHTa (Aoryuenru o KpecrbqH-

cKHx BoccraHuqx.xpaHuJll'lcb o rafiHe). fepueH Hec'ryuaftHo

coo6u{aer e xoHue AarY a ceofr loHAoHcxl'rft aApec, qro '

o6urqHo He AeJlaJlocb. BepoRruo, ornpaBllreJlb npocltJl H3-

BecrHTb, KOfAa efo nocr'laHue Aofiaer e JIoHAou, uro6u npo-

tsepr.rrb cKopocrb ceoeft roppecnoHAeHIrHH I'I BnpeAb nocbl-

JraTb ee TeM xe HJII{ I'IHbIM nyreM.Moxuo ttpeAcraBHTb, KaK BcrpeBoxl4JIcfl I4rHarree,

rpoqrfl lpetrynpex,[eHfie, tITo B oaHoila Hs 6rnxafimnx so-MepoB <Ko;toxona> peqb noiiAer o HeM'

Vaap He 3aMeaflHJI cocroarbcs'B 64-ru HoMepe ny6,ruxyercq npocTpaHHaq crarbq (H3

flerep6ypra>: <flerep6yprcrr'rft reHepal-ny6epHarop rpaQI4rnarres, npeHe6perafl BceMH 3aKoHaMII' KynHJI npoAaBaB-

ruufics 3a Aonrn AoM, xorq HeKTo P. npeAnaraJl 3a AoM

29

6olruryn cyMM_y. Tor xe rpaQ ueaaroHHo Br,rltpocuJr y an+ipeKropa nerep6yprcxoro o6ulecrBa BoAonpoBo,qoB O. 6o.nr"uroe KoJrHqecreo aKuufi...>.

Asrop nilcbMa qepecqyp ocropoxeH - oH He Ha3brBagr,loJrHblx Qaun.nnli, xots l4rnarbeB xopouo 3Haer, KTo ra_xue <O>> H <>. fepueH no noBoAy 3THx <HaqaJrbHbrx 6vxa>BcraBrser B rrHcbMo penJrHKy: <<llpocHrrl BcerAa nucarj 6a.Mr.tJtr{rc; qro 3a a,rre6oa!>.

flogxe craJ'ro H3BecrHo, qro [HcbMo o6 nrgarueBcKltxMaxwHauuflx Bblc"naJl N:^flerep6ypra I I aexa6pn ltt59 roaaHeKro C. C. fpouexa. 3ro

-'.rrrc6onuruslft xoppe.nonaail,He cry.ueHr unu uenxuit qHHoBHuK, a xaHAapMiriHfr ,roanor-KoBHHK, qepe3 roa (s uaua.rre l86l r.) Ha3HaqeHHbrft Ha.qAJIbHHKOM OT.[CJICHI'Ifl B MI,IHHCTCPCTBC BHYTPCHHHX ACJI.CexperHue AoKJraAbr o BoccraHr.rflx, cryaeHqecKzx BoJr_HeHHflx, rafiuux coBeruaHnflx B Bepxax 6:u.nu ao"rynn"r.f qguexe, xoropufi aKKyparHo [email protected] o HHXr epueHa.

flosxe fpouexa snftaer B reHepaJrbr, ocreneHr.rrcr, cra*Her celJreuKr.rM ry0epH-aropon,l, HcrrpaBHo npecneAyroqlrrDnorrrKoB. no-r_.y'qHr or <KoloxoJra> cBolo ,u,o3y HacMe[IeK Itnpe3pe!!!. Ho a.ro 6y:er qepe3 HecKoJrbKo Jrer.B 1860 ro,a,y <<Ko.noKoJr> HMeJ He o.^Hofo BbrcoKonocraBrJreunoro KoppecnoHrenra. Orns crapslli cnyxaKa HHKoJra-:::*11 "p.MeH

paccKa3brBad'r: <<...8o Bce-x MuHHcrepcrBax 3a_oHJrH rpeBory; Be3.u.e sBn;rncb KoppecnoHAeuru lepueHa u3MHHHcrep,crn; ro 6u,'tl-t l.I croroHaqaJlbHHKH, a HaqaJIbHI,tKIlor.u,e.neuaft, BcJIe.(crBHe 3Toro Bce HaqaJrbcrBo, Ao MHHHCT-,tpa BKJlrcqATeJtbHo, c oauofi_cTopoHbr, TpeneTHO l.l gno6noAor.tcxuBaJtocb: Kro H3 H?rx Vya,a, a c apyrofi>KLrJtvr B HepBHoM crpaxe^or fepuena, 160

-3narH, uro lep.

ueH hMeer qurareneft s 3Hr4Hera ,q,Bopue>.Paccxas o6 oAHona ug o6lrqun" 'npa"rynrenr_rfi

aJticrtaKoHqaJrcrr coo6ueuueM, r{To .nce re.no... crpurou. <Ho sceAe.[o MoxHo orxpurr!> _ rHeBHo orBeqaJr irypHa.rr. H qemceKperHee 6uro aro aero, reM 6onsue owii il;;;;*;qro ono nonBnrcq s <KoroKone>. Hanpurr,rep, riapr cosu_naer raftHoe 3ace.aallne locyaapcrBeHHoro coBera no Kpe_crbflHcKoMy aeny. qepe,g HeKoropoe BpeMq e uKoroxo;e,norHurft orqer o Heu. <<Kro xe Mor coo6urari

";;;;';;;uo no4po6Hocrr.r, KaK He xro-Hr.r6y.[r n: npHcyrcrBoBaB_urux>>, - BocKJrHKHyr MHHHcr,p auocrpauuoix Ae.n fop-qaKoB.

r{epea [orrora apecroBarn )KypHanllcra Spacra flep*rloBa u n ero 6yuafax HaIIJIH qepHoBI'tK Tofo >xe orqera-Epar 3. flepuoaa 6su xpynnblM tIlIHoB,Hl'lKoM B MHHHcrep-crBe BHyrpeHHI,rx Aer. BeponrHo, os ao6ul cBeAeHns y erqe6onee eucoxofi nepcoHbl. III orAeneHl4e raK 14 He aoKona+irocb ,u,o llcruHbI.

focyaapcraeHsulfi 6to,u,xer ror.Ila se coo6ulalcq HapoAy.<<Ko.noxon, noMe[taer ero noJlHocrbto s 3a 1859 l,t sa1860 roau. Kax pas B HaqaJIe 1860 rol'a fepueu noryt{Hr6o.nruyro crarbto, pa:o6nauaauylo MHHHcrpa locrllul'll,t IIa'nuHa. Ecrs cBeaeHuq, qro aBropou 6ul K. tl. Ilo6e/loHoc'ueB - s 6yayurerur oanH Lt3 croJlnoB poccnftcxcfi peaKunl{...

B nepecunxe fepueHy HeKoropbtx ceKperHblx Marepl{a*JIos 6rrrr 3anoAo3peH ra)Ke caM ToBapuul I ltnHncrpa nnyr-peHHlrx .u,en Huxo.naft Munprun.

B o,u,ns H ror xe 3anpeueHHufi auurpaHrcxuft xypuaJtrturrryr cry,u.eHr LI reuepaJt, .[o6po.nro6oe n flo6enoHocuee!'flosxe cau <<KonoKoJI>> o6'bflcHuT sror napaaoKc. A noxau3 Poccl.ln npu6usanr corHLI nocnaHnft; noJII,IuItfl MHoroorAaJra 6H, qro6H y3Harb IrMeHa nIrcaB[IHx.

A. I4. fepueHy H H. n. Orapeny sce 6oruue n 6onrureBpeMeHr.r npuxoAurce rparurb Ha qreHue KoppecnoHAesuuft-flouounnru rrpuBJreKarcrcs nnurb LI3peaKa. Apysrr AerRTrpya. Ter',ru lepueua - ueH3ypa u po3rn, flonuura H orAenb-Hbre Mr.rHHcrpbr, caM uapr, o6t{ne Bonpocbl 6ops6u, BHeIr-Hfl.fl no,'il4T[Ka. oH Xe O16npaeT IIHcbMa, Ha KoropbleHyxHo ocrpo OTBeTI'tTb; nocJlaHlrtf CIIopquIHx Apyseft w

BparoB.Teuu OrapeBa - KpecrbsHcKl{e AeJIa, sxoHot'tura, $n''

HaHCbr, nyrn coo6ureHl.lfl, nporoKoJlbl coeeuaH[.Ifi, npoeKTblrafinulx peBonloul4oHuutx o6urecrB H MHoroe apyroe.

B 62-u HoMepe 6o.nsuras crarbn Orapena o KpecrbnH-cKoM jr,ene Har{HHaJracb c raKHx c4or: <Ilepea HaMH rexuTl7 nynxron aoKJraaa xogqfrcreeHHoro or,u.eaeHns, I I topuan-qecKoro, I aox.na,a xoaqftcreelrHoro l,t ]opt4AHttecKoroBMecre, 48 a,q,MI.IHIacrparuBHblx c 3anpocaMu ry6epHcxttxAenyraroB. 48 nyHxroe )KypHara o6uero npncyrcrBun KorMLTCCHH. npenBapl.IreJlbHble cooopaxeHHtl o HeKoTopblx no-noJrHnrerbHbrx Bonpocax H npeABapureJlbHble coo6paxenuloco6ofi Suuauconofi xot,tl'tcct'tu o BbIKyrIe [o3eMeJIbHbIx yro-4nfi xpecrrnu>.

I llepasrfi 3aMecrtrerb MHHncrPa.

3l

Sror rqxe.nuft rpya Orapes ol(r.rBJtrer KaKuM-ro oco6eu-:HbrM npHcyuIHM eMy yMeHHeM, O3apfleT cyxfie uuspu n nu-KnaAKH cBeroM 6o.nruofr MbrcJrH. B eenpaae i860 roaall'epug.H rII{Ixer cbrHy: <<KorAa rH... sqHraelubcn a <(Daycra>,ro noftuerub, KaK ldre npxo pa3rpaHnqun yqeHoro d ia Ka-,qeHoscxuft l- BarHepa, H MbrcJrurels 6 li Orapea - <Da-vcTa>.

'Cauue r.rnrepecnbre or6uparoica-i.ns <Kono*onau. Ho xyp-Har He MolKer BMecrnrb Bcero. llosrouy r.r3aarorcs npnno-x(eHHs, KoTopbre cocTogT LICKJIIOTIHT€JIbHO I{3 npHcJIaHHblxMarepnaJroB. 64-fi HoMep l{3Beuraer o Bbrxo,q,e o,rlHofo H3TaKHx npruroxeHr.rft. HassaHne ero KaK rpoenuri Bo3rJtac _oflo4 cya!>.

<Konoxon> - roJroc acex, <noA cya!> - roJroc xaxAoro!

- Oann 3a^rpyrnM HanorHqltlrcr nHcbMaMH c6opHraxu

<t oJroca H3 poccr,rH>; yxe 3_aAyMaHo Id cneAyroulee npHno_xeHHe, cner{HaJrbno AJrs 6yurapefi-pacKoJrbHr.tKoe_-<O6_1llee Beqe>.

Ha uuorne [HcbMa Ha.4o orBernrr: Typreueny a flapnx,Peftxe-ns n ,[,pealeH, cbrHy B lllneftuapuiol *oe-*bnry s poc-.cl.rro. HHue nucbMa fepuen ByaJrHpyer, fll,truer or xeHcKoroilMeHH, [oAnncbrBarcs <3r{H.nuq>. Hs JIoHAoHa B pocclrro xo6paruo Hjyr nr.rcbMa_or Eapoua TaseurayseHa H Kocrepo-oa (r. e. lepueHa n Orapeea), aanpocuo faapunon",AVp-noBo H CrenHose (uape, lpaBr.rrerbcr"e, nonluulru). Kouti_no, runQp oqeHb [pocr, c roqKrr 3peHrs [ocJreayroqux pe-BonrouloHHbrx noKoreHnft - HaHBeH. Ho sro _ eapa pyc_'cKoro noAnoJrbfl, ,(a H Bpaf e[Ie HeHcKyureH. O6e cpa)Karo_ufiejq cropoH_bt yqaTcfl <<Ha xoAy>.

f.pgS" n Orapes - a JIoHAoHe, tlepgrrurescxr{ft, .I[o6po-Jrr,oooB, LepHo-uonoBbeBHq H,[pyrHe_ s poccHH, uecouu-eu-Ho, foroBu"'rn raftHoe o6urecrso. OqeHs MHoroe HeH3BecrHo I.r

Ao clrx nop. Peno.nrcuaoHepbr xopouo xpalriltv ceKperbl.'Coeercxne yr{eHbre, HanpI{Mep, JrI{Irrb HecKoJrbKo Jrer Ha3aA:floryqn,rrH He[3BecrHyro paHee sacrb apx[aa I'epueHa n ora-peBa, rAe Haurnacb 3alrHcHafl KHL.Ix(Ka Orapena c nJraHoMco3AaHHq pyccKofo noAnoJrbHofo u'egrpa.

Or c.[og nepexoAuJru K Aeny. Ho' N peBoJrrouuoHHoecJroBo-roxe Aelo. HvesHo B Mapre lg60-roaa fepuen e

I KaqeHoscxnft - r.lcropnr, ny6auuucr. ,I[ar fepuena _ o6paseucyxoro <qepBr HayKu>.

32

oAHoM r.r3 nlrceM coo6ulaer: <<fl a uoft apyr OrapeB oqenbgaHrrbr... y uac <Ko.noKoJr>>, <IlonrpHan 3Be3Aa> n <fo.nocatt3 Poccl.ilt>... Bce aro Mbt o,[HH lloJrxHbr npaBHTb, a qro Ka-caercg <Ko.norona>> lt <3s$AbI>, To ocHoBHbre crarbl nn-IIIyTC9 HaMH X(e>>.

<<l(onoxo.n> Ha nepBoM Mecre. Ero xayr. Ou .u,olxeuguriru BoBpeMrr. Passrue - pas B Mecflu, rroroM ABa, cKopo6yaer ex(eHerenbuurna. HaAo ycnerb eue npoqecrb MaccypyccKlrx H HHocrpaHHbrx fa3eT H xypHaJroB, n3 Koropbrx<Bbly,u,Hrb> cBe.u,eHr.rq, 3aMer[Tb Bpara B.[H Apyra, a ryTeule crarbfl, Aa HecKoJrbKo KoppeKryp cpa3y.

Ha crone lepueua Jrex(trr Heao[HcaHH afl rilaBa <6unoroH AyM>, y Orapeaa - He3aKoHr{eHHoe crr.rxorBopeHne.

Her rpeueHu. Ho ux pa6ora - sro Hacroflulee AeJro, oKOTOpOM OHtt rOJtbKO MeqraJrr{ B Tpr{AUarbre r.r copoKoBblero.rlbr.

<<Eopl6a - Mos nos3r.rs>> - npr,r3HaBaJrcfl fepueH. VlAByx c JIIIUTHLIM Tbrcffl{ crarefi I,r 3aMeroK, nonBuBlxnxcfl B

<<Konoxore> sa l0 Jrer, oH Hanl.IcaJr 6onuue rblcqqn. ,[I'axeJrerKoe npr.rKocHoBeHl,re ero IIepa K nHcbMy HJII.I AoKyMeHTy]npHIxeAlxeMy H3 POCClttt, nPUAaer <<coJIb>>, saocrptlerlrublcJlb. Id:c'or(a, He MeHqs HH cJIoBa B qyxoM MarepHaJle,.lepueH Ao6asnger ro.nbKo ocrpoe Ha3BaHI'le - K <<Qnsnono-rr4v w 3ooJlorr4 L npoBHHuIt aJIbH blx no MettlHKoB>>, <Benrescr--BO npaBocJraBttg>>, <XponHxa noAJIocrH)>. PqAol\.r 9-IrpoHxqe-cxNrtr sanoroBKoM <AropnH ceryr!>-snurpa$ <<Vive l'5ga-lit6!> t u noA3aroJlosoK <<3aqeM TaKan qyBcrBarerluocrl?>.B 64-u HoMepe oAHo H3 nl{ceM l,t3Belr1aer, qro (<HaeMHas'

npucJryra n Herep6ypre eos6yxAaer neqarHble H ycrnbleceroBaHHq)>. fepueH nplrnucbrBaer: <<A HaHLIMarouH€ focrlorAa nos6yxAalor ce?oBanus u.[n ger?>>

Aanexo He KaxAyro co6creeuuylo 3aMerKy fepuen nor-nI.tcblBaer.

Bcero s 64-N{ HoMepe qerblpe crarbl,t. ilornncanu roJIbKoAse: He6onbrrrarr [eper.oBafl <<PocroeueB a CrporaHoB>>-<H-p> Ir orBer Ha 3HaMeHlrroe <<flHclrrlo H3 npoBlrHunl.I>) -<HcKaHAep>. Ho y)Ke AaBHo onpeaeJrnJru, qro r rperbscrarbq - <<I-lpeanuqafiHoe npu6an.neHHe> - repueHoBcKalr.B qerBepryr.o crarblo - nncbMo lpouern 06 HrHarrene,BcraBJreHbI TpH penJIHKtI fepuena.

O.uHaxo cBepx qerblpex crarefi B HoMepe erue <cMecb>,

I .ILa sapaactByer paBeHcrzol ($pan4.).

3 H. g. 3f,aemxax 3i!

He6onbu[e BaMerKH, qaule Bcero oTKJILIK Ha KaKoi4-nv6oQaxr, uuorAa Bolpoc LIIH HacMeurKa.

foro.nescrue cJroBa <<Cxso3b en,a,nluHfi cMex- HeBLI.[t{-:MHe c.nesH!>> crorJrn anunpaQou K <cMeol>> [epBoro u Qar-TlrqecKr.r Bcex Apyrux HoMepoB. B eroN,r orAefle uapur I4c-KaHAep. Ocrpnli BbrnaA, cxaruft s oAHofi-Aeyx Qpaeax,3To - no ueu! <<Te6e.., fpy3, MHe <<cMecb>> <<l(oroKora>>,-roBoprlr oH Orapeey.

Bce eocer\al gaMeroK, cocraBl{BITIHX <<cMecb>> 64-ro uotrre-pa, He noArrr.rcaHbi; ABe - HecoMHeHHo, fepueHoBcKHe, ABe,no-BHAr.rMoMy, Toxe ero. fipyrue, Bo3Mo)KHo, npuHaAJrexarOrapeey. Cneuualncrbr onpeAeJlqlor <<pyKy> lepueHa no-pa3HoMy. I4uorAa no reMaM: <<Onqrb po3rn>> - 3aro,'toBoKoaHoii 3aMerKr.r: <<Poccfiq 3auHUraer JIHHHIi Munquo>>l-Apyroft. Ho uaqe Bcefo y3Haror <<ex ungue leonem>> - ttoKorrsM JrbBa, KaK r{acreHbKo roBapHBaJI cau I4cxaHAep, yra-AbIBafl IIO crlllto ToIo Lrilvr Apyrofo yBalKaeMofo I'IM

aBropa.Crn.nr fepuena rpyAHo He y3Harb. OAHax,(u, AoroBo-

plrBrxHcb c I{3lareJrev, oH rafiHo nocJlaJI cpaBHIrreJIbso 6e-go6uAHue crarbl,r n nerep6yprcruft xypHaJI <<HeAe.nx>>. B pe-

AaKulro ryr >xe.craJru npHXoAIIrb [LIcbMa: <<I(axnrra o6pasouAnexcan4p HeaHoauq fepuen craJl corpyAHHKoM Balxeroxypuana?>>

B oaHoft r.r3 3aMeroK 64-ro uouepa coAep)Kanoct: <<Tax

Bor oHI,r. craclireJru or oreqecrBa! Poccus onqrb BronqercflB TarapcKo-HeMerrKylo, noMellruqbe-6nporparaqecKyl,o Ko-aeto. Ecnu 3ro npaBAa, nvcrb >xe nepnuft Tonop, roroputiiOHI'I BbI3OByT 3TLIM peIIIeHI'IeM' naAeT Ha I{x [pecTynHble ro-ltoebl!>.

3ro, xoHeuso, HcxasAep. Ero nepo yraAblBaercs H B

<rroprpere>> Cunepca, BocKJlHKHyBnefo B 1855 roay: <<f coc-ron 20 Jrer Ha c.nyx6e, fl IoJIKoBHI,IK, H He I'IMeto npaBa BbI-

cerrb nucaps. 3ro HV la qro He noxoxe!>>B 1856 rpaQ Curepc roxaJloBan BLIUe-ALrpeKropoM, I'I c

TO|O BpeMeHr{ BCeM BflaCTqM AaHO pa3peIIIeHHe Cevb QUCA'peil,-H He nonb3yr,orcrr eroft npneu.neruefi ToJrbKo JIeHLI-

BhIe - Aa yHI{BepCLITeTCKHe>).Te, rro Aecsrbro roAaMH npexAe HaAMeHHo 6pocanu

<tlro sa lgrons?>, y)Ke He cnpalxuBalot <<LIto aa fepueH?>.OHH sHaror u 6oqrcs. fepueu Hayr{I4r nx qljrarb pyccKylo

t,t

I Aacrpuficraq yKpe[neHHas, an*vr.r,, s Vraaun.

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Tl{E BEtt NCIYEM$Ea l5,ls)8.l{0.18.

l!t.r.{,nKi 4at/r{ }rI,{ir1,.}D t fdii$. DdravQ

'! !'rt&x

r:'.,! r4<rrrr,r,- 1:, Li) rraPr.ti{rtia gqarr". l?: a.

if*fi'r!&gt nf tn! (iENf eal, rctt nlf lct 3os l*n_ltt'!t($ slttlo mt !;!tsr f,tx6t4{

It0I0fi0IT)atfl6rr]oqiltnt .rIl(:rI,t $n nu.lx]]l{Jf, 3}?i}lli

1i!r's t!Lq:

J[fi^n PA.13 x ,,rr{ I538.

t trlN.JA & lo dxsraid2r&i,r, l\*r-tit n,,.,. i fr,tirr*n,l. \{d.!.t,ri 1r... r{;:ir.n tidl,

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nureparypy. Cpeau raJrepen Mr.rHucrpoB, 6r,opoxparoB, reHe-paJroB, ry6epHaropoa, croJrb 3HaKoMbrx io '6naxeusulrrHHKor'raeBcKHM BpeMeHau,Vcxagrep HMeer HecKoJtbKo oco-oeHHbrx <<nlo6uMquxog>>. Moxer 6urt oH LtHot,[a l,l npeyBe-JIHqrlrBaeT pa3Hr.rUy MexAy <<nJtoxllM>> I{ <<xopolrlfi"u- riap_cKr.tM MIiHHCTpOM, HO B O6uerrl xopouo 3HaeT ,.q3brK> ca-Mor,ep)KaBHofi norr.rrllKn:..8 nopa6oureunoft crpaHe 6oleexecrxnr? r{Jr[ cMrrrgeHuufi rypc HeMaJro 3aBl,rcr.rr or nepco_HbI, Koropas <<Ha Bepxy>. floeroruy raKr.rM 6ecnoxoftcreornHanorHeHa fiepBafl crarrq 64_ro uoluepa: <,9 H. pocroa-qeo I yuep,

- rrnrrer fepueH. _ I'paQ C. f . CrpoeaHol Ha_sHaqeH Ha ero Mecro. Kax ruarxo eue Bce y Hac, cMeprboAHOTO ,[errTerfl H 3aMeHa ero .(pyrr.IM HanoJIHqeT KaKI{M_ro ylKacoM MbrcJrb Harrry, npr.rBbrr(HyBrxyto c paHHHx JreT HeAoBepflrb BceMy croqqeMy sa cuexuux fopax nerep6ypr-CKLIX...>.

^ - 1_", Kor,ua HoMep 6u"n yxe ua6paH, rroJryqrlnr4 coo6ulesueo Ha3HaqeHr.rn Ha Mecro pocroeuesa rpaQa ha"nua, " ;

"ru_JroM MHHICTpa ]ocrHur.il,I, onHoro H3 CaMbrx peaxuNonuuxca HoBHr.rKoB-. K yxe r-oroBoMy <<Koloxo.np> cposHo,[oneqa-rbrBaercr <<LlpesasrvafiHoe niu6asneHrleu: uKrn, n;;;;_.B1i::"11j.{y::T"I'un... xa, xa, xa! ero *".r"6r;il;ipa3Be AreKcaHap II ue yoaxaer HH ceor, Ha pyccKoro Ha_pona. pa3Be oH cMeeTcq HaA Uurr,r... Ho xopo[o cMeercqTor, KTo cMeeTcg noc.nersafi!>>

B cteAyrcqeM HoMepe .<<Koroxona> olqrb noMerrlaerc,orKJrHK (e rpaypHoft parrlrce) Ha HasHaqespre flaurau;.;I;;;:y:pu

"-HoMep fepuen <<6eceAyer>> c Hr.rM r.r o HeM, HaxoA_uuoo o6urnpbrBafl H oqeHb Anissttilt pocr r.r eule 66nsurneHeAocrarKH rpada:

<06pauraeuis cnoea x Bau, npodontcurettouotti I npo_crpaHcrae H Bo BpeMeHr.r Mr.rHHcrp rocruuun! ,ILafire "r" nir-"^:..: :"9:t:: "j_.: ::

f y "

60rr bAr yv ep, 3 a x p. ".il; d t;;;;;:peruaarecb flocKopee Ha ro unrr Ha afyroe. Bu"epeaHui.lqeJIoBeK, BcnoMHI.{Te, rITo LI sH o6qgaHti lng poccnn-qro.

an6yar c,uelars!>>.

_^ _fpuQ Bopyer pa3Marrrucro H 6esHaxa3aHHo. <<Ko.noxo.n>noryqur noapo6nocru. V eor qHraeM: <FlocropoHl.r;;a;:;;;-tto.{a, nocropoHurecb, ero currreJrbcrno rpae Buxrop Hrlrn.Ttrs H3BorHT HItrLt... .ualire Aopory rraauucrpy! h'"n sce

I l^t""1._"a1rerrb peraKuuoH'brx .KoM rccufi , earruvecKn pyKoBoAHB-

ru.rH^ noarorosrofi rpecruancxofi pe6oorrlu., .lt ocxoBcxfiri reuepaa_ry6epiarof, ussecruurl peaxutouep.

36

crarbfi (KoroKora> noABLrHyJr]t... no]KanyfrTe, Barue cHff-TeJIbCTBO - Ha IIepBOe MeCTO...)>.

Ho s <<Ko.noKoJra> He xBaraer: uenuft BbInycK npnaolKe-Hss <<floa cyA> 3aloJrHsercn nauxscxofi xapuepoft. <Kono-KoJI> JrHrub <trpHfleqarbrBaer>>: <6esHaKa3aHHocrb BopoB,nocraBJreHHbrx raK BbIcoKo, qro Hx. KaK anMlrpa.nreficxttfirrrnHu, BHAHo oroBcro,[y, - cJIyxI.IT oco6eHHutu [ooupeHl{eMMaJIeHbKHM BOpl.lIlIKaM>>.

Oceeaol\areHHocrb <<Ko.noxona>> o aeJIax flasnHa LI eroBeAoMcrBa 6ul.na cro.nb BeJII4Ka, qro o,u,Hax.ttbI MHHHcrp,

o6p a ur a ncu K,u,eRyrara M p era KUlloH HbIx KoM H ccll fi . 6yxe an s'Ho 83MoJrHJrcq: <<3To /,ero, rocno.tla, Hamc qacrHoe, cenell'HOe, OHO He AOJI>xHO BbIXOAHTb OTCIO,U,a, a nOTOMy ne nadopacnpocrpaHnrb eeo, area 1ottee nucarb o6 uenSazpat{a.-t4!..., Mo.nu6a 6una yc.ltsttrlaHa. 3arpaHuua oro3BaJIacb:<Crpax nepe,[ <<Konoxonou>> HaM cJII{II]KoM JIecreH, MbI

craHoBrrMcn Ha cryJt LI ueJtyeM Buxropa Huxuruqa 3a 3ros no6>.

Konaa xe rpaQ, cnycrfl HecKoJIbKo JIer, ornpaBllJlcfl B

orcraBKy, fepuen npoBo.[,HJI ero c noqeroM: <tlrtatefll'1,BeporrrHo, npr.lMyr yqacrHe B norepe on,Horo H3.caMbIX He-

y.roMHMbrx corpy.rlnuKoB Haulnx: rpaQ B-l'rxrop Htlxuruu fla'HHH, aocrasnqsuHfr saM cro.lsxo MarepnaJIoB' HaKoHeu'naJr, Myx{ecrBeHHo 3auHurafl n,'lerll u poern!>>'

I-lair.trr h <<Heaa6seHustfi>> Huxo.naft I 6u.nr BsICIIIHMHqHHaMLr B <<Ta6eJILl o paHrax> nepueuoecxofi HeHaBHcrI'I'

JIHutu no3xe ux <<o6oure.n> MypanreB-<Be[Iare.nr>. Kor.g,a

oAHH xypHaJI rloMecrur noprper groro naJlaua flonsutt'1,Hcxanadf oro3Baflcq: <<Mrt ocrasoBHJlI'lcb s 6esNIoreHoI{yAHB,'reHHH... 3ro npeaeJl, 9To rpaHI'Iua. Taroro xy,uoxecr.BeHHOTO coorBercrBHs Mexly 3BepeM Ir ero Hapy)KHocrbK)

MbI He B[aeJIH HH B c'Iarytlx ByoHapporu, urt a 6pouaaxFeHaeHyro [{e.nnusu, HI't B KJIerKax 3ooJloruqecKofo caaa"'floprper sror rtycrb coxpaHHrctl r"rln roto, qro6u ,tL€ru H8'yqfiJrHcb npe3l{parb rex oruoB' Koropble B nbsnoM pa6o-ne'"nnr, tun".paQrlposanu nrc6oar H cor{yBcrBue arouy 6ec-

ruefiHoruy 6ynsaory, HaJII'lroMy aoaoft, srofi xa6e c orBl'Ic-

JTbIMH lUeKaMH, c no.rly3anrblBIrlHMH IJIa3aMr' c Bblpaxe--

HHeM nJIoToqIHofi, np-ecutureunofi eno6ut,.. 4ocruruyerueftxaxofi -ro pacrurenbHofi 6ecuyecrBeHHocrl'I>.

<Ko.noxo;r> 6t,tn s r'lyxeft 3HaqnreJlbnblx H K yaapaM He

rrpuBbrKrxux fepuena HeKorra BHCJIaJIu ns flerep6ypfa 3aynoMHHaHHe B qacrHoM nHcbMe o npecrynfleHHl'l' coBepureH4

37

HoM 6yAor{HHKoM (noJrr4uus-re ocKop6JreHa!). MuHncrp r4JtBceHarop B cpaBHeHr4r.r c 6yAounuxorvr <<6orz o,ruulr.rricxue>.OAHaxo HacilrerueK. roBopHJr foro.nl, 6ourcs Aaxe ror, Koro-pufi yxe Hur{ero He 6ourcq Ha cBere. flo eocnoN{I,rHaHnnM,MHHHcrp npocBerrreHHs Kosaleecxuli, KaxAtrft pas orKpbrrnaa <<I(o.noKoJr>>, acrrbrrbrBaJr Apo)Kb - He npo6paJr JII{ erofepuen sa uro-Hu6yar: <<3ror pa3, cnaBa 6ory, npouec,'to, -p-aAyercfl 6Hsaro caHoBHHK, npo6exanuufi npucnaHHoe.Ha c.ne4yrcu1rli pas - orqrb rpeBora>>.

A fepueH Bce cMeercr. <<Cuex BoBce AeJro HerrvroqHoe, rI,rM Mbr He nocryflnvcs... B uepKBH, Bo ABopue, so Spyure,rrepeA HaqaJrr)rrHKoM,u,eIIapTar\{eHTa, IIepeA qacTHbrM rrpHcTa-BoM, nepea r{eMueM-ynpaBJrfl}o[tr.rM HHKro He cMeercs. Kpe-nocrHbre cJryru JrHrxeHbr rrpaBa y,ulr6ru B rrpHcyrcrBHH no-MexrHKoB. OaHu poeHbre cMerorcs ruex(Ay co6ofi.

EcnH HUsrxHN4 rr03BoJrr,trb cMerrrbcrr trpr.r Bbrcunx HJrItecJru oHH He MOfyT y.u,epxaTbcq oT cMexa, Tof.u,a npourafiqlrHonoquTaHue 3acraeuru y.ntr6Hyrbcfl HaA 6orona Anucou3_Haqxr paccrpuqb ero H3 cBqueHHoro caHa B rrpocrble 6trxlr.CHuuure prcv c MoHaxa, MyHnr4p c nycapa, ca)Ky c rpy6o.qHCTa, H otu ue 6ylyr crpa[Hbr rrr r.iln MaJrbrx, Hu anfi6o,rturux. Cuex Hune"nfipyer - a 3roro-To H He xorqr JrroAH,6oqrrlnecs troBr.rcHyrb Ha cBoeM co6crseHHoM yaeJrbHoM Bece>.

Crvex lepueHa - HacJre.qHHK nyquero pyccKoro cMexa,aAyuero Hs xolreAuri (Douersuua, H3 xypHaaoa Hoeuxoea,I{3 <<noraeHHbtx crltxoB>> flyutxvHa, I,t3 floBecreft foro.nq. BcMexe lepueua ecrb Heqro oco6euso Aep3Koe, 6Jrecrquree,BpeMeHaMH HanoMHHarouee Bo,'rbrepa, Koropufi <<xoxora.n,leqararr aue OpaHullr,r csofi cMex>>. Ho s roxe BpeMg BcecBoe, repueHoBcKoe, - fi esr6op <<>KeprBbr>), r.t BbrcMeH-Baloulle Qpassr, 4axe crpofi cJroB, Aa)Ke 3HaKu npenuHaHHq.

Cuex fepueu pa3Aaer ure4po. I'raauyrc flopurrc -<<nepBbtM qaHaM>>, HoxBaTafiO HApyrHM: ABOprrHaM-<<nOMe-ul14 K a M -nloaoceKa rvr >>, p a 6oe.n aAe,r bua M - nr't a HTarop a u... VxcBoe-ro co6craeuHoe cocd'loBue lepueH n Orapen 3Haror or-JrHr{Ho, 3oByr ero na 6oir, B orKpbrryro: <<Blrxoal.rre xe n3Barrrl,lx. raM6oecxux H BcsqecKnx 6ep.nor... nonpo6vftre H€poerofi, a nepoM, He B KoHror.uHe, a ia 6e.nou ceere-BbIcKa-gaTbcfl . fIoN,teDqeMTecbl>>

IIpelruecrsyrcurNft, 63-fi nonep, coo6urar, xax e TaM6os-ct<ofi ry6epHHH KpenocrHofi y6u.n noMerul-lKa, Bcry[HBrrJr.tcb3a qecrb cgoeft Henecrtt. <<VI lpeBocxonHo c,[eJrafl, - nplr6a-BHM Mbr>, - 3aMeqaer lepueH.

38

<Mu ueAaBHo cJIbIIuaJIH, - o6paualcn K rIHTareJIflM

25-fr <Ko.rroKoJI)>, - qro B flonraecxofi ry6epunu noMeurlll('Koropofo $auunuw HaM HecKa3aJIH( aHaelr,t roJ'lbKo, r{To oH

rpad n renepa;r), 3acraBJlfler 200 AyrI KpecrbtlH nepece-

.nnrrcs Ha HeyAo6HyIo 3eMJIlo c 3elvlJlH' xoropofi oHI'l BJIaae-

.nn 6o.nsure cra JIer. He coo6urt-tr JIII KTo HaM HMtl efo clltl-rerrcrea?>> A2B-i4 Holvlep y)Ke BblracKuBar Ha .no6Hoe Iuecro

rpa$a Mycuua-flyrlKutla, reHepaJla' )KuByurero n flerep-6ypre."Cpeau repcoHalKeft 64-ro HoNIepa,-reHepaJI fepurren-qsefti, ornpannnnuruit no srany K)HI(epa 3a HapyilreH[e

Sopruu, H <narpuor trrnl{IlpyreHoB> - Cueepc'^ '<fl

noJIKoBHI'IK, u He I'lMeI'o npaBa Bblceqb nl{capfl> - 3a

grl,rlr.l 6olurue qeM oAHH qeroBeK H,'t14 Kacra, 3a 3Tt{M Bctr

cucreua! <Boficxo - pa3opeHHe' HacH'[He, npHTecHeH]{e;

ero ocHoBanub - 6eel\4onsHaq ,4I'lcuHnJII4Ha; coJlAar noroMli

LI BpeAeH rpax,ILaHcKOMy nopflaKy. qro He paccylKAaer' c

Hero cHfra oTBercrBeHllocrb' oTJIHqalo[lafl qe"IoBeKa or ]KH-

BOTHOTO>>.

A praor'.t - AyxoBHoe Be.IIoMcrBo, <<6oron'roxpHuu I 6oro"

cuou"uur. Cusepcsr a MycrHu-flyurxtlHlt B pflcax' Bce 'u'e-

aabt oa"o ae.tlo. Taxxe n <Ko'roxo'r>> 6let Bcex 3aoAHo:

<Sno.nerrI - BeJIHKoe AeJIo' BoeHHufi uyHAl.lp' K.aK ptlca Mo-

Haxa - orpe3blBaer qeJIoBeKa or npoqux lrcaeft; HH MoHax'

HH soeHHdft - He paBHbI llaM, A"Ifl roro oHH ?l noMeqeHbl"'

V oaHoro pyKH cJlox(eHbl, KaK-y MeprBella'yApy-ro:o BeqHC

no.u,Hsrbl, KaK y aepyuerocfl' Hn cueprr' nil y6ltftcrBo He

cocraBJtRlor'nyuureft NluHyrbl x(H3HI'l)>'---[fi;;;ofi 6pa.uu nepena.uaer roqr' B Kax(AoM <<Ko'no-

Korre>, HHorAa rprMo or I'I3aarerefi xypua'n?l' I 91-"-ll"Mepe or aBTopa <<fluclua I43 npoBl'lHul'tl{>)' He!apoM I ep-

uei ornpaerner no noqre pla HoMepoB' a B HX qlicre ki

64-fi, npnr'ro MHrpono.JInry I-pnropHlo' paroBaBuleMy 3a or-

;ryueHub or uepKBlr 6es6oxHoro t4cKaHAepa'" BcleA ea rriyHlHpaMI'I 11 pscaMn HAyr noA <Ko;tot<oJl>> 1I

fl poqHe <<noAcyAHMble>.' floqru B KaxaoM HoMepe )KypHa"'Ia Bblpacraer cpeal'I

ABVX BonpocHreJIbHbIX 3HaKOB 3HaMeHI4TOe fepueHoBCKOe

<1 flpaaaa .nu?>>.-" -"i npu" D,a JrLr,- 3anpauusar ,<KoroKoJI)>' -

qro 'u'ero

o api6"*ux, orKpblrblx Bo BpeMR Kpurucxofi KaMnaHI'lr''-

SAMgII,I, NOTOMY IITO MC)KAY BOPAMI'I HAIIJII'ICb CIIJIbHbIE

apuuu cefi?>39

- (C npaBlra JrH, qro aKa.rIeMuK EaccuH 6berAra.u,eunu xyAoxecre? u flpanaa .nu (ec.na aroqro yqeHHKH ero eure He noxonorllnu?>>

I(_auuu o6pauranrcq nprMo:<Eft ru, Qenlerouucr!

-

yqeHHKoBnpan4a),

Mu quranH s <<MocKoBcKr..rx BeAoMocrqx)>, qro ?br B Ka_xofi-ro pyccxofi ra3ere yrpeKaJr yu,l.enefi "o.*p"i*"i"IuKoJr, qro oHl.r roBoprrr yqeHr{KaM <<Blr>>. Coo6uru, 6pareu,,

HaM TBOIO CTaTbIO, Ha3BaHI.te la3eTbr H TBOe [pO3BLIUe, TblHAC 3TI,IM OAOJI}KI'IIIb>).

Ho cauoAepx{aBne, BbrcMenBaeMoe B MnHncrpe, npe3}r.paeMoe B noMeu{r.tKe. pa3,qaB.[eHHoe e uparo6ece, naenuureBCeIO 3aIeTO... B CaMOM CaMOAepXue.

,._-.1._1u "oep, _nutrpaeruHli ..rbrzauaru.nerHiolo aofi Hy> ytl,uKonafl, s l8S8 roAy nxuer HoBoMy uaplo: urnr no6ein.n\BepHT, qro AnexcaHap ll ocso6oani KpecrbsH, Bo3Mo)KHo,ocyqecrBr.rr <<caMo,aepxaBHyro peBoJrrouun>>. Ora MHcJrb rraBpeMr noaquHser Bce apyrue. <<Mu cranu orAbrxarb oT HeHa_BHcrH>>, peQopurr, eure He cBeprrreHHbre, oco6eHHo onbrrgrl.ror Hane)K.q.oft. Co BpeMeHeM <<aypMaH>> paccer{Baercr, qap_chHe pacnpaBbr c neqaTblo. yHr.rBepcHTeraMr.t noMorarcTnpo3perb, o6pas <<ocso6o,(r4rens, ,[enr oro llH, rycKHeer,HO MHOTOe e[Ie cflHcbrBaercq Ha <<Aypttlrx Mr.rHtrcTpoB>>, CIa-6ocrl n HeonbrrHocru. floarouy I r,lipra tg60 roaa

"'t;;_AoHe erqe HaAerorcs Ha 3uuHufi rBopeq. poccr.rs eule qH_TaJra B HoBoroAHeM, 60-u <<Ko.noxone>>: <<focyAapb, lpoci{ti_recl, HoaHfi roA npo6un HoBofo recrlTltJrerr.rr, Koropoe, r{o-xer, 6yAer HocHTb Ba[Ie LtMrr; Ho Benb HeJrb3r oaHofi u rov.xe pyxoli flpKo H cBerJro 3a[ucbrBarb cBoe r.rMq B HcropHHxax ocso6o/ltrreJlb KpecrbqH - H noAnl{cbrBarb HeJrerrble no_BeJreHHn flporr.tB cao6oauofi peuu H npornB MoJroaocrn __toHoruefi. Bac o6maHbrBaror, Bbr car{H o6raaHHsaerecb...>.

3rn crpoxlr Bbr3blBaror orBer.PeAaxunq <<Konoxo.na>> noryqaer <<lluctuo H3 npoBHH-

qHH>, nornncaHHoe <<Pyccrrft r{eJroBeK>>, ll rroMeruaer eros 64-M HoMepe. fepueH orBeqaer B roM xe r,l QarruqecKn BHecKoJrbKHX ApyrHX HOMepax.

flpeacraeurtr ce6e eror cttop B BH,ae AlIaflora <<pvccroroqeJIoBeKa> H peAaKTopa <<Ko.noxona>>:

. PyccKHfi qe.noBeK. Ha vyxofi cropoHe, s nanexofiAHTJHH Bbr, no co6crseHHrr't cJroBaM Barrr'M. Bo3Bbrcr.rJrnroJloc 3a pyccxafi HapoA, yrHeraeusrfi uapcr<ofi Bracrbro,BbI [oKa3aJrn Poccua, qro raKoe cso6oAHoe cJroBo... Il 3a

40

1'o, BbI 3To yxe 3HaeTe, Bce, r{To ecTb x(LIBOfo n qecTHofoB Poccl4r.r, c paAocrbro, c BocropfoM BcrperltJro HaqaJro Ba-uefo npeAnpvflrnfl,... H qro xe? Blrecro rDo3Hbrx o6nvqe-Hr.tfi Henpaegu_ c 6eperos TervreH Hecyrcrr K HaM fHMHbrAnexcaH4py II.

f e p u e n. Msl HAeM c reM, Kro oceo6oxAaer, noKa oHy oruu6arscfl B nyru, MHofo pa3 orrrh-pHoe, He cBopoqy Hr.r r.r3 crpaxa flepe.qKoli, HI,I ug 6,tarotoseHvg nepeA LIMrre-

parpr{qbrHofi raperofi! Cxasasura 3ro, s Bac cnpauaBaro: AanoJlHo, our[6cq tu A? Kro xe B floc,'reAHee BpeN{rr cAeJra!,r,uro-uu6yAs nyrHoro 4lr Pocclll, KpoMe roci4aapa?, Pyc cxui.r qe,'roBeK. iu sarosopunu' 6nirocKJroHHo

o6 anrycreiiureft Qauu.nl.u.l.., flocuorpure, Ar.*.u"ap,:iicKopo [oKaxer HHKoJraeBcKue sy6u. He yn,rexaliT€cb Toa,I_KaMa O HaUIeM npofpecce, Mbr BCe erue CTOLTM Ha OIHOr\,IMeCTe.

f e p U e u. BsI HeroAyere 3a ro, rrro Aero ocgo6ox,{eHris3acTpqro, HO HeyxeJrH Bbr AyMaeTe, qTo 3TO TOJIbKO oT TV-flocrr,r oAHHx H ynopcrBa APyrr.rx?

N HE TAK AVMAIO.9ro npanureiscreo r.rAer, noBopa!.uBaq, HofI.I HocKaruH

BHyTpb, qro oHo caMo nepe[yraJrocb, BHA{., KaK KpecTbflrl_cxuli eonpoc norsHyJr ga co6bri Bce 3aMbrcro"rro!-narao_oyprcKoe ycrpoficrno,-gro npaBAa. rlro 6orsnaHcrsoABOpTHcTBa c ox(ecToqeHueM cTenHofo Bor,rKa Aepx{r.rTcfl 3aI(OCTb - 3TO rIpaBAa.

Ho nogeo.,'rsre Bac cnpocl,ITb, AaBHo JrH y Hac roJrKoBaJHcJreAyer ocso6oaurs rpe_

,., " "'#r"fi

o Trt-T'T'1,i,,' J,ir? il,li :

,6ulecteo, Bo[pocbr, BogHHKato_urue, [ocraBJreHHbre Be3Ae, geo6uqariuo rpyAHbI.

Pycct<uir ,reJroBex. llo BceMy BaAHo, qro o pocclrrluacroquefi Bbr HMeere JrolKHoe noHxTlre, noMellrrKr.r_ nn6e-p aJrbr, .nt 6ep anu-n poSeccop a, Jr Hrep aropbr_.na 6ep a.nrr VO u ro_KI{BAIOT BAC HAAC)KAAMH HA NPOTPCCCI.TBHbIC CTPEMJICHI,Ig IIA-uefo [paBHTeJrbcrBa. Ho He BCe )Ke s poccnff o6MaHlrsalot_cq npn3paKauH. I(pecraflHe, Koropbrx floMeurnKr.r rr{panrrr,Tenepb c KaKaM-TO OCO6essstr,t o)KecroqeHlreM roroBbr c or-qaflHHfl B3qrbcfl 3a ro[opbr, a lu6-epallr [pofloBeAyror B3ry rtopy yMepeHHocrb, HcropHqecxufi nocrenensrrfi nporpeccH KTO HX 3HaeT, IITO eue,

4 H, g. 3ftaeauuan 4l

f epuen. B neqarusuft nepeBopor 1848 roaa... HIoiIb-cKafl KpoBbl g3oura y MeHl B Mo3r I,I HepBbI, q c rex nopBocnl{raJr s ce6e orBpaueHne K KpoBH, ecJIH oHa rlercq 6esp KpafiuocrH...

K gToMy ultmia tatio2 ltpHTecHeHHbIx, MbI 3BarbH rex nop, noKa ocraHercn xorb odua pasgnruanH paslnstA 6es ronoPa.

Pyccnnil qeJIoBex. Haure [oJIoxeHHe yx(acHo, He-

BsIHOCLIMO, lI TOJIbKO TOnOp MOX(eT Hac ug6asHTb, I'I HfiqTO'

r(poMe rollopa, He noMo)Ker!.. srt Bce cAeflarH, qro Morr'Itl,

Aa.[I.I B pyKI'I IIpaBI{TeJIbcTBy qyAoBHXIHy}o' HecJIbIXaHHylo

cuJry Ha cos,IlaHHe II pa3pyuleHI4e...i(to *o*." noueur-ars- peQopnaarrl cnepxy?Poccuq daopnncrcan no rofr Mepe ror'lbKo I{ cItJIbHa' flo

xoropoil oHa HAer 3aoAHo c rIpaBI{reJIbcrBoM"'----dr"o""rn"i'ilto4", 6epyurile B3flrKI'I' HlIKorAa ne 6yu-

TV}OT...' Kvneqecrno? OrxynqllKll [epBble Jllryr KocrbMI'I 3a ore-

I HMeercq g

npoJlerapHaToM B2 floc.ne4neuY

12

Bulry KnoBaBac pacnpaBa 6ypxyaeuu c [apH)KcKIlMnrcse 1848 roaa.

1ooogy (tar').

6ur Pycr Bepa B Ao6plre HaMepeHlrs qapeii, lre BaNr ee noA-AepxHBarb...

f npocu;r 6u saneqararb Bac 3To nncbMo, H ecJrr{ Bbr ne-r{araere [[cbr\[a BpafoB Baur]x, To orqero xe 6rt He ]Iane-rrararb nHcbMo otrroro us apyseii saurrx?

f e p u e H. q AoJrro coMHeBar'Icg, nel{ararb BaIIIe nucbNloHJrH Her... fleqaras npax4e6unle o6s[HeHfifl, Mbr caAr.rMcfl Ha.{aBKy noAcyaH\rbrx H, KaK Bce rcAcYAar\lbre, xAeM cyAa Ll

BnepeA paAyeMcs, ecJIlI oH 6yaer B Hauy [o,'Ib3y. Ho ustcauu 6ofiuu v nro1lr [aprLIH... Mu pacxo4r.r]vcq c BaMv Hea' udee, a B cpeAcrBaxl ue I Halra/tax, a a o6paee Aeficrso-BAHIJf .

Bu rrpe,lcraB.(sere oduo us r:ltorinu.v Bbrpa)KeHriii HotuezdHanp aBJeHHrr...

B Hauie 6ofixoe BpeMq HeJrb3fl LaBarb Mecra mex4oyco6-HoMy cflopy, HeJrb3fl c,'nIuIKoM ocraHaB,'II.tBarbcfl, a naAo6Ho.xs6paeun Aopory, HATrl, Becrr{, npo6unarlcr.

Cnop eror- orieHb earxHtrii A"rrr pyccxoro peBor'troutroH-HOIO ABr.r)KeHr.rq. ,rIBTOp nHCbMa - oArrH H3 perutjTe,'tbHbr.{peBonrouuoHepoB, AaBHo ylKe He o6o.lnularculltxcrr uapcKl.lll.nH6epa"lHsuoM, eAr.tHoN,rbrruJreHHHK 9epusrurercrroro, Ao6-po.nro6ona, <<CoapelreHHHKa)>.

Haqa.no e BpeMr. Buepa eue pa3-Hsrx nrcAefr nne peQopu. Teneps, lra-KaHlrHe <<oc eBcKoMy x ero .qpy3bflIr,

OH eure cnparxaBaer <Pyccxoro r{eJroBeKa>> - Kro cAe-

.rraJr qro-,'rrr6o nyruoe a*q Pocculr, KpoMe rocyaapl? A yxe.B cileAyloueM Horuepe, B cBq3H c Ha3HaqeHueu flannsa,6po-cnr: <<tr1u He,qaBHo coBeroBaJrn rocyAapro copBarb MacKn ccBol{x nplr6;rr.rxeuHbrx; oH €e crrflfl c ce6_q... u 3ro He raK' aYPHo!>.

flepnoro sHBaps fepueHcqru,'rerae, r\roxer, 6yaer HrratrHLI]er; <<Mlr 4epxaJII.tcborxpurorl H3MeHbr... Mu na

A'.13

KorAa rIasHsIii notoK IrreJI cBoHM pycaoM' renepb APyroe

Ae,f Ol

flpouraft re, A.nerc aHAp Huxon aeBI'Iq, cq a crJII'lBol'o nyrH ! "Hau crcAa>.

B saqa.ne l86l roaa fepuen cHoBa HaAeercl..' Coepuur-cr peQoprura, pI oH cliaxer: <<O, ecrH 6 c'roea Nloll Mor"[H

aoRrn'ad p6r, rpyxeHuK I'l crpaAaJIeIl 3eMnn pyccroft"'Trt geganuAl'rutn rIoMeurl'lKa' HeHaBI.lAHlxb IloAbgqero'

6ouurrcq rrx-14 coBepmenHo rlpaB; Ho Beplllxb eue B qapfl

I B . h. ,rl e s u n, CovnHenun, r' 18, crp' 12'

44

BsrrqAH <<Pyccxoro qeJIoBeKa> 6unu raxnuu )Ke' KaK ypeAaKTopa <<Coepbnaenl.{I'IKa)>. 6 rovY xe HaJIHIIo - HecoM'HeHHoe rurep arypHoe, M acrep crso. flogrovy 6olee ABaAuarll.n er .<Pycc xr.rM rJ er oBeKo M >> cq HTar u H. f . qcpu-stueecxoro'

Ho B 1936 roAy coBercxufi ucroprr E. ll. KosrMuH aoKa'3aJI, qro Cnerqos BnepBbIe BcrperfiJIcs c 9epnurueBcKLIM JIe-

rorra 186 I roAa, T. e. clycrq IIoJIropa roAa rIocJIe IIoSBJIeHI'ln<llucrua r.r3 npoBttHuuu>>. KogltntuH nplrBea Ir Apytne Qaxrlt,fioATBepx,(aroune, uro l{epuuueecx}rft nHcbMa He nHca,'I-

flporuno exle HecKoJIbKo JIer, N apyroft cosercxufi Hcro-pux M. B. Heqxtna BsIABI.IHyJIa fl4ll_o-re3y, qro <<Pyccxnfi,rerosexr,

- aro H. A. Ao6po.ltto6os. Ho t't c 3TI'lM corJlacl'IiJII{Cb JlAJICKO HC BCE.

floucxr.r H Al.IcKyccun npoAoJllKalorcs. floxalyfi, Ha cerroAHquuuri AeHb nepeBec 3a cropoHHnKaMH aBTopcrBa

Ao6po,nro6ona. BnpoveM, Bce cxoAflrcq Ha rol{' uro c fep-(eHoM crloptlJt xpynnuft peBoJIIouHoHep A JII'Ireparop.

Haxoseu, 64-ft uorr,rep <<l(o.noxo,ra>> roroB. flucrua, 6ece'AbI, MbtcJIH, CJIyXH, AHCKyCCHl',l, HeHaBIlCTb, Crpacrl, 6opl'6a - sce cltpeccoBaHo Ha qerblpex roHeHbKHx JlllcroqKax.

Bc,reA 3a aBropaMn B cpaxeHne BcrynaJIH raKxe Kop-peKropbr u ua6opulllxtt. He c.nyuafiHo runonpaQun A,'IffHHx - Jrr4rxb npoMexyrovHrtft oTa[ MexAy oAHnMil 6appu-KaAaMH n ApyrrlMlr. Ha6opuux KHfl3b H. n. Tpy6erlxofi, n

nporxJroM rnapAeficxttfi oQuuep, aA'bloraHr npHHIra Mexnen-6yprcxoro, BcKope ornpaBurcq n Zra,rnro, qro6r,t o6yt13torapn6a.nr4ufiuen aprn.uepuficrouy 4e.rry.,{pyroii na6op.u1l.rx, lepvaH A6txr notu6uet, cpaxaacs 3a poAHylo flo.nl-lry. Tperuft, Mrlxaul EefiAevau, BepHerctt e Poccl4l'o, rAeeMy CyXAeHO HaBCerAa flpoflaCTb B neTponaBIOBcKHX Ka3eiMarax. 3ro o Heu O.nrra Oopur Hanvtcaila <<OAeru KaMHeM>.

B Bo.nrnofi rlrnonpaQuu noJIbcKLIe peBoJlloqiloHepbl rpy-.[nrcrr BMecre c pyccKI.IMH, xat< 6lt npeABocxl]urat rpflAy-ulee 6parcrBo cBo6oAHoil Poccltr.t t't cso6oAnofi flo;rsrur.

JIroAsur t{epHenxuti pyKoBoAl.rr uenerxoii rHnorpa(lcxoftpa6orofi TaK x<e cnoxoilso u 6ea ,ruruHtlx cJroB, KaK npexAes 1848 roAy cpa)Karcn Ha 6appuxaAax. OAHaxArt oH Hailr.rcaJr fepueHy: <<TpyAncl Arq cso6oAHoro pyccKoro cro.8a,.. c paHHero yTpa Ao HoqI{, HcnoJIHqs BcgKyrc AoJI)KHocTb,Harrr4Har{ c AHpeKropa Bo.rrrHofi pyccxofi runonpa$un uoKanquBag noAMerbIBaHHeM ee, orKpbrBaHlreNr cranHefi, f

rIcnoJrHflJI TOJIbKO O6g3aHHOCTb qeJIOBeKa, flro6qulero CBOK)poAHHy H )KeJraroulero rpr.rHecrr{ eft lenry cKpoMHofo r.r y6o-roro rpyAa...).

flepea cl,reprbro lepueu orAaJl eMy B co6crseHHocrb rH-norpaQulo Ir 3aBexlad'r AeHbtH, Koropble 9epueqt<uft, oAHa-KO, TOTqaC )Ke nepeAa,'t Ha peBo.lrcuuoHHoe AeJIo.

CraHlrc"ras TxopNeecxlrii sauurraaercq H34aHr.reM, pac-rrpocrpaHeHHeM, AeJroBoft nepenncxofi. A B [porxJroM - He..qerarbHafl AerrrerbHocrb s MocKoscxoM yHHBepcLrrere,rro.rrbcKoe peBo.rlroquoHHoe noAnorbe, yrr,rrrHure 6ou o flapH->re u Eep.nuue.

Eopr6a 6rrra rqxeila, Anfr HeKoropbrx-cJrHnrKoM Tfl-x(e4a. Epocnn Ece H yexaJl ua noi{cKr,r cqacrbq o 'Auepuxy

OAHH I{3 ua6oputnxon, 6nnuuit cBsrrIeHHItK fouuapeHxo. Ba-cunnil Ke,[rcnes, Hecr(or'il,Ko "rrer noNroranrurfi ueaaBarb H

paCnpOCTpaHflrb BoJ'lbHylo pyccKylO -IIeqaTb' yCTafl' CJIOMHJI-

cfl I,I c rroKagHI,IeM BepHy"rlcq n Poccnto.' OAsaxo 6onruruscrBo He corHyJlocb.

' TurorpaQua neuaraila 14 pacnpocrpaHrra...Harsslcrlr.rft rupax <<Konoxona> -2000-2500 sxseMn-

JrnpoB. Ho rpe6oaaJlucb nepeusnalH,vfl IIeJIbIX KoM[JIeKToB I't

oTAe,'IbHbIX HOMepOB.OAsaxAur fepueu nilcaJl: <f-H Tpro6Hep no"rryquJl 3aKa3

Fra 4800 pa3Hbrx JILIcToB <<Ko,roxola)> H Ha 25 nonHHx gx'3eMnJrrrpoB. Tr.rnonpaQnn He Morfla HX BblcraBurb I{ ornpa-BITJIa roJrbKo 4300>.

B 4pyrori pas: <<O6e runorpaQuu... noJlHocrblo 3arpyxe-Hbr BnepeA ua rlenuii roA, ner{arafl elqe u 2-e usI,asr,re Ko-JIOKO"'Ia>>.

IIuQpd: 2500, 4300 A,,'ta HaIIIHX Auefi xaxyrcn HeBbIco-KHMr.r. Ho 100 Jrer Ha3an s Poccrtl,t yMeJIo q-drarb ecero 5-60/q HacereHuq. CaN,IHfi nonynnpuufi .neranrsuft xypHan -<<CoapeueuHLIK>> - I{Me,tl TI{pax( Ao 6000, Hat6o.nee IJurae-Mbre faserbr - Ao 10-12 rblc. 3K3eMrflqpoB. 2000-2500 He.neraJlbHbtx <<Ko.noxo"noB>> --3To aecttrKl,t rbtctq qn-rare,reft; xypHanbl nepeAaBaJll{cb LI3 pyK B pyKH, nepenu-cbrBaJrr.rcb LI nepecl(a3blBaJrlrcb. Henaporra g PoccHI.t u 3a'naAsoft Enpone Aor'rroe BpeMn cqtlrarl{, uro fepueu nepe-[paBrrreT qepe3 rpaHilqy coTHH rblcqq x(ypHaJIoB LI npHJIO-xesuft.

<<Ko.noxo,n>> TaK cufleH, r{To Ka}Kercs elue cHflbHee,I u.apra 1860 rola 64-fi nwct ornpaBrnercq B nyrb.

<Cupse>>, nprrureArrree na Poccr.nt B BHfle nuceM r.r paccKagoB

46

n flepep e>' Bo3Bpaula'

Jrocb Ha o <<npoAyKTa>>'

Tpro6ne qeH I.I OraPenocTaBJrfl [aI(eToM HAyT

fla nor{Ty' [epeAarcTcq BepH['IM JIIOAflM' OTnpaBIqIOTCq II3

<<Konoxol>> noqBrsercflB eH,bI, EePnuHa, flParn,B Yrllx eBponeficxnx roPo-

4oa. I(pynuble KHuroroptoBubl paccblJlal'or KoMHccuoHepoB'np D,aHufl no KpynHbIM ore-Jrfl. - xopoufle noKynarerH'

BarLITb <<Ko,'IoKor>> eue AopyccKux py6e>xefi. B .[lpeaaeHe KoMMepcaHry Ert6poBHqy

aHe3anHo 3arrpeuaror KHLIx{HyIo roproBJlrc (na llerep6ypranocrynuJr aouoc!). Tyr xe apyrotl KHllroroproBeu.oxorno

I4LT.

H apecraHeano.nr.r.. Ho no'

JIHUI'ifl JIIIlxb Ae'lIaeT peK,TaMy repUeHOBCKltM I'I3,laHUflM:qlrcJro troqltTared'Iefi u qurareneft Bblpacraer' KoJIHqecrBo3K3eMIIJIgpOB -

TOXe.Mllnoe a s 3 an a nHble <<porarKI'I>>, << Ko.noxo.rr>> npu 6,rnx aer-

cr K pyccKofi rpauHue. C apyroft cropoHbl x roii xe fpaHuqeHeclrlss uHpKyJ'iqpbl, yKa3aHuq,'pacfioptr>KeH]iq ral\'lo)KHflM'fl orpaH[r{HbrM KOpAOHaM, ueH3ype.

<<Kro cu.nlHee - Bflacrb ttJItl Ivlblc,'Ib?>

I4s Earyrrla, B re roAbt eure rypeuKoro, K pyccxoil JII{H14ll

rroAte3xaror Bo3bI lpon. O6uuHaq, pa3peneHHar roproBflqropueB. fIoA no,renbrr.Il{ npHTavfiLrcb <<Ko.noxo,ra>> u <<flo-

nspHbre 3Be3Abt)>. Ha pyccxoft cropoHe K roplraM noAxoAqr3apaHee npeaynpe)KAeHHbte JIIoaH, o6MeHusarorcfl HecKoJIb-KI{MI'I C,'IOBaMH H BOT lopeu npqqeT AeHbrl{, a ilvcTKLl t4

KHI4>KKI,I OT[paB,'InrcTcq Ha ceBep.Bocroqsas Cu6upr. Ksxra - Mecro ,u,aeHeft ToproBJIlI

Pocctrr.l H KHraq. tIaii, npunogun,tltft c AaJIbHero rcta' qepe3

bIHI'I, renep pyccKylo cropoHy'cror{T elue Buecre c qaeM AoccblJlbHblx euecTByloT JIHCTE'I

KHI,I)KCqKI'I

O.u,ecca. Cronnua rcxuofr xoHrpa6aH4u. Houtrc a 1'c-JtoBJleHHbIe Mecra npnBo3qr ra6ax, TKaHI{, auua. Crpa>Ka He

47

fpaHr.ruy B fpi.{[,re H c IacnopraMr.r rpeqecKI:IX noAAaHHbrx.Csqsr HaJra)KeHa. feorparp r- peBoJnouaonep JI. 14. MeqHu,

Ha nerep6yprcKyro KBaprr.rpy CepHo-Co.nonrennveft npN-

l

flI-lnexaB K raKoNry-ro r{Hcry s KeHnrc6epr, uarira u oranJ<Deutshes Haus>> qeJroBeKa, rioropuft npocnr MeHfl H3Bec+TLITb ee o6 grou>.

Haxonaft n A,rercanAp CepHo-CorroBbeBr.rqu Aofaa,,rH-

Ha npoBo3 KVIa yroaHo qero vronHo-opy>r<vrfl, )KyDHaJtOB.Sparsn Bo3Bpauaprcs s flerep6ypr, qro6br saftrn <xo.

pournft aApec>. BcneA orflpaBrqercs [ocblJrKa.Corsn BoJrbubrx pyccKHX KHHI npocaquBarorcfl qepe3

<DrH.nsHAarc n flerep6ypr, rlepes llo.ntury - a KHes nMocxay.

Pa4 earpannqHbrx n pyccKlrx xlnroropiosueg roxe 6e,percq 3a AocraBKy <<Ko.noxona>>. HexoropHe AeficrsureJrbHocoqyBcrBylor repueHoBcKHM l{,llesM, 6onruuscrBo norHTh.xoli ge uHrepecyercn, Ho sce He6egocHoBareJtbHo xayr 6a-pbrua. 3a novep <<Ko.noxo.na> s Poccn[ flJlarrr B nqrb -Aecrrb pas 6orsnre JroHlloHcKoft ueuu.

Ilerep6yprcKr.re raMoxeHHHKn npocMarpHBarcr npu6ur.

48

rrue sK3eMnJIspoB 6aceH JlaQc'ttt'

reHa r. OAus rou 6erno npocMar'pnBa alorcfl 6es ocuorPa, a B HI{x

NOqTH B

Her s PocclrrcJrr.rrepar HHror4al'oJIoBa rlero-'rlHoo

Jryquero. tr4.nu, Hanpnuep, Kro AoAyMaercfl ocl\'{arp}lBarbur"rsrrKlr, nocraBrqeMrte .rleftnuurcxofi Qrapvoii? Tonlxo-re,KTo B HyxHOe BpeMq gBflTCs' Ha CKJtaA I'I yHeCyT 'ruCrlt <<KO-

JroKoJIa)>, KoropbIMH o6epHyra ue,'Ias naprl'In roBapa.flo,'riluuq HeoxunaHHo HaJleraer Ha KHuxHbIe ,/.aBKfi,

I{urer. Oaun uocxoncxNfi ToproBeu oxorHo o6taculer, urocor{uHeHnfl l4cxaH4epa 6nea}or peAKo n ga 6o.tlu.t}te AeHb-rr.r MoJrHr.reHocHo pacflpoAalorcn ua6paHHul,t,rlHrlzM' KuqsuIOcynoa, KofAa eMy npeAJlafalor AocraBJltlrb nprMo Ha

r{Baprr.rpy <<Kororo.n>> H Apyrne vsratufl, yAI'tBJteHHo 3aMe-rIaeT, qro Moxer 3aAepxarb pa3Hocql'IKa. <<He 6ecnoxofi-Tecb,- orBeqalor eN'Iy,- Bu H He yBI'IAHTe toro, xro Batnl

npI.IHeceT I.IX...>>

flerep6yprcxufi xHllroropfoBelr LIIuHAesxaMn nponBrt-er HeolKHAaHHOe ycepalle u [peAcTaBrseT noJll4ul{fi noJly-qenHoe ns flapnxa npeAJIo)KeHI.Ie npucblJlarb repueHoBcKuew3AaHAfl,. Aoxaeae csolo 6raroHaMepeHHocru, xnrpufi .xy'nerl BcKope y)Ke npoAaer <<Ko.noxoJt>>, LaRafl B3qrKl.{ IIeH-3opaM Lr noJryqas 3arpelHylo JII.Ireparypy... npflMo or Hsx!

flpanHre,nrcrBeHHbre afeHrbl c'rapal,orcq, Ho ycnexu HX

HeBe!'tI,IKK: TO MHTpOnO rUT UilLl CTOJTOHaqaJIbHI,IK AOJIOXHT4qro rtonyqn.n <<KonoroJr>> no noqre, To orKpotor r{eMoAaH,

3a KoropbrM HlrKTo He rrBt4,'rcq u 4o6y4yr rtapy AecqrKoBxypHaJroB.

llerep6ypr, KoHeqHo, rflasuHfi norpe6zre"rl <<Ko,roxo-ra>> g nocpeAHr.rK MexAy JloHAonornr lr ocrarbHoft Poccfiefi.9epee xaxux-Hu6yAb ABe HeAerr{ noclre ornpaBKn xypHaJlrrorraAaer rrprrMo g r.rasHufi ueHrp pyccnofi MbrcJrH. 3Aecnoco6enuo MHofo Apy3eft, HanpaBJlsloulux <<Ko,roKoJr>> B pa3-Hbre Mecra Poccrz.

Eqe uepea HecKoJrbKo Auei.i ouepegHofi uouep nosBrler-cr BcroAy. Ha sux<eropo4crofi flpMapKe, noKa rIoJILrqHn xBa.rHJracb, ycIIeJrH pac[poAarb coTHH x(ypHaJIoB Lr KHH)KeKBo.rrlHoil ranorp aQuu.

MocxoscxEe cryAenTbr, rroJryr{nB <Ko.noxo.n>>, rrpHHI4MdrIOTCg 3a ero nepeneqarKy.

49

,lBopouexcxne qnrareru Konllpytor HoMep <<Kolono,ra>

H pacnpocrpaHrrlor ero no ropoAy, npfinr.rcaB HecKoJrbKognu3oaoB o <Aeqrr.rsx>> uecrHofi BJracrr.r. Bopouexcxo€ H3'qaJrbcTBo HacMepTb nepenyfaJrocb, r{ Bce cTapaJtocb Aofa-Aarbcr, orKyaa l4cxau4ep raK cKopo Bce y3Haer.

Aecsrxn KoHBeproB c >KypuaJrorrl npu6unaror npflMo KMI,IHHCTpaM, Ba)KHbtM r{UHaM BOeHHbIM, IpaX{AaHCKHM, Ay-xoBHbrM. Aapec Ha.arrr.rcaH pyKolo fepueua. BHyrpn-<Ko-JroKoJr>>. 64-ft Hovep yx 6es coNrHeHrlq rocJraflu lIaHr.lHy,ZrHarleay. Canepcy...

I{a p u p asocJr aJr cneuu aJrbrroe p acnopqx(eHr.re MnHr.rcrp a M,qro6lI <>.-H. 3.) HLrKoMy o Heti se coo6ulart, Ho ocraBrrrb ucKrlor{H-TCJIbHO,4JI' JIIIqHOTO qTEHI{'>>.

Huwonafi fpe.r, crapeilurraii Macrep nureparypHoro uo6stxHogenHofo Aogoca, ficrryraHHo AoKaaAbrBa,'r MHHr.rcrpyBHyTpeHHHX Ae,l: <<flonyqllB I,t3 JIoHAosa HeLI3BecrHo KeMnoAaugslri Ha nor{Ty ttaKer co BJIoNieH]teM ,'Il4cra noA 3a-fJ'IaBHeM <<KO.nOXO.1>> Ng 7, AO.11TOM CI{14TaIO npeACTaBI.ITboHufi npN cenr Baureuy npeBocxoAr.ITeJrbcrBy>>.

B 27-m <<Ko"noxone> H3Beu{aJrocl: <<Ilrr ornpaBHJrH ltpou-nuli .rulcr <<Ko,'roxora>> B KoHBepre Ha r{MfI rocyAapff... Ha-AeeMcq, uro .[,onropyxoo I He cKpbrJr ero>>.

.A,rexcaHlp II pacnopn)KaJ'rcrr p03brcKoM H lrpecrTeAoBa-HHeM repueHoscxofi npeccbr a oAHoBpeMeHHo <<KoKerHIlqaJr>:<<Cxaxure fepueuy, qro6sr on He 6paHnJr MeHs, HHaqe r He6yAy a6ouupoBarbcq Ha ero fa3ery>>.

Bo npeua MHHHcrepcKHX AoKJIaAoB uapb, 6una,ro, cI{par{HbIM IOMOpOM 3aMeqa,l, rITO y)Ke III{TaJI erO g <<KOflO-

KOJIe>>.

Mnuucrpu qHraJrH. I-laps vuran. flpyccxr.rfi rocoJr s ne-rep6ypre, 6ylyruHft KaHurrep Orro EncuapK yqurcfl pyccKo-My r3brl(y no <<,l,eopaHcKoMy fHe3Ay> n <<I(onoxo,uy>.

,IIrc6onHrcreo?Ho oAuu r43 rex, Ha Koro <<Konoxo.n>> H.u,er Boi{Hofi, nocbl-

.rlaror'B "rloHAos KoDpecnoHAeHur.rn, cHa6xarcr ceKperaMu.tlro ga crpauHstfi cuer apyseil n nparoo?Bpeun 6uro croxHoe H HenouflrHoe. lIpH <<s 6o3e no-

'rrnBrrreM> r.rMneparope 6n.[o sectr\4a He rpyaHo npeAyfaAarb,3a KaKHe .[.eficrBr.tfl Ilor'lafaercg KDecruK. a 3a KaKHe-Cu6upt. flpu uoaonr )Ke MoHapxe-HeyBepeuHocru, nn6e-

50

I B. .(,oaropyxon -rueQ xaHAapMoB (1856-1866 rr.).

pafln3M... fy6epnarop Banyee rloAaer uaplo BecbMa cMe-;lyr,o (no npexHefi vepxe) 3anucKy o rIoJoxeHI'II'I AeJI B

Poccull. Xayr orcraBKH, orlaJ'rbr. Oxa3ltnaercR, Ba,rryencbrfpa"'r vAaqHo H BcKOpe-y>xe i\,II,lHI4Crp nuyrpeuHux Ae.n!

Jlw6epaxusM craHoBl.trcl npLI3HaKoM xopoulero roHa, H

B HeKoropbrx BeAoMcrBax cepbe3Ho rroroBapllBarcr o6 ycra-HoBJIeHHH oco6oro 3HaKa orJll{qtlfl qHHoBHLIKaM <<3a He3aBH-cuuuft o6pae uuc,reii> (!).

i(oraa Hnxo"qarl Cepuo-ColoBbeBl-Iq noAaer B pyKI{ qa-pq 3anucKy o seo6xoAl.tMocru KopeHHbIX nepeMeH e Poccutl,ero Bbr3brBaer Op.loe, 6rtnurufi ureQ xaH4apMoB, u qtlTaerHOTAUHIO:

- Ma.nuqurrrKa, 3Haeub JrH TbI qro cAeJIa,'I 6u c ro6ofinorofiurrft rocyAapb Huxonaft flaa,tosltu, ec,ru 6u rbl oc-Me,'lu,'rcq noAarb er\ry TaKyro sanltcr<y? ou ynpara"l 6H re6tlryAa, rAe se saru.nu 6u n xocreil rBoux... A rocyAapbA"lexcauAp HuKonaesnq raK Ao6p, qro npI.IKa3a,'I re6s no-ueJloBarb.

OAHosper,reHHo c noue"qyeM, CepHo-Co;roBbeBr4qa 6epyrHa 3aMerKy H cnycrt HecKoJ'IbKo JIer apecroBblBalor. Ho Hecpa3y... He.rreq )r{e raK-cpaey!

fepuen <<fipecrynHuK, rr3rHaHHHK>, Ho ou 6.nagor co MHo-ruuu ,ru6epailauv H He corJrauaercs 3Barb Pycr x ronopy.<<Haeepxy> xe 6orrure scero 6oqrcs BoccraBrrrero Kpecrbq-HHHa, nyrar{eBttIHHbr (crpax nepeA cryAeHToM, <<HHrr.IJnrcroM,reppoprrcroM>>. pa3BHJrcq HecKorbKo nosxe) H paAylorcflToMy, qro 4o rnyxoli repeBHn <<Konoxo.rr>> He AoftAer, a Ma-JrorpaMorHoMy He paso6parscq B Me,'rKHx 6yxnax u <Vivosvoco>>. JIN6epa.rrrHui.i npoQeccop K. A. Kanenun Aax(e yfo-Bapr.rBa,'r lepueHa H3AaBarb <Ko.noxon> no-Qpauuyscxu:<@paHuy:cxufi sgnx nocJry)Kl.rJr 6tr, e rna3ax npaBureJrbcr-Ba, orleHb AocTaToqHbrM KapaHTI.IHoM npoTLIB pacnpocTpaHe-Hlrfl B npocToM HapoAe)>.

fepueH pefyJrflpHo, pa3 B ,u,Be HeAeJrH, <<rroApbrBaer oc-HoBbI>> focyAapcrBa. Ho ou - peadrbHas cHJra, ynpaB,'rqrcu{atMHeHIleM TbIcflr{ .nrcaefi, a c cu;tofi cquralorcq BcerAa, It oco-6enso xone6rrcuruecfl pe)Kr.rMrr. Koe-xro Henpoqb Hcno,rrb-3OBaTb BO,'rbHylO [eqaTb B cBoHX BHAaX: He peuascb [pqMOo6pautarscrr K Bbrcrreit sracru, nbrrarorcq cAeJlarb 9To qe-pes <<Ko.noxo.n>>. OArs MLIHHCTp noAcbr!'raer ryAa AoKyMeHrbr,flopoqauxe Apyroro. Ceuarop ny6.nHxyer n repueHorcxoft

. neqarri cBoH npoeKrbr pe$opu (a BApyr nonpaBrrrcrr Ha'sepxyl).

5l

Huor4a BracrqM [pHxoAr.rJlocb 3aHnMarbcfl r€prr€HoBrCKHMH o6rfiqeHr.rrM14. OAHalKAbr rpaQ'Kouy6eft crpernr B

cBoefo yflpaBrql,oulero; Aero gaMs;tLr; <<Konoroa> H3Bec-rr4Jt- npuuJlocb orAarb rpaQa roA cyA. V6panr.r HecKoJrb-xrlx oco6euHo npoBopoBaBr.ufixcfl H pacxoAHBr.urrxcr qr.rHoB-

HHKoB, gaMeqeHHbrx zs JIoHAoHa. Xorr raKue rrrepu 6srlllpeAKocrbro, HcKJ'rroqeHr.reru, - crpax [epeA lepueuou poc.

Paccxasrtear'rH, qro MocKoBcKI{M aKTepaM AoJIfo He Bbrn-ra'uwBanv eapa6orauHbrx AeHef. Ous noc,ra,rn At. C. lllenxu-

Ha K AHpeKropy rlMleparopcKr.rx rearpoB le4eouony c npocb-6ofi novoqr ulr..[,upeKrop orKa3a.n. Pasroaop cra,r ocrpee.

- f Aonxen 6yay 6ecnoxonru MuHacrpa,- 3aMerl{laprHcr.

- Xopouro, qro BbI cKa3a,tu, g eMy AoJIoxy o AeJIe,, ?I

eana 6yAer orKa3.

- B raxou cryrrae r noAaM npocr6y rocyAaprc.

- f xar HaqaJrbHr{K 3anpeuaro BaM.

- Barue npeBocxoAnTeJlbcrBo,- cKa3aJI orKJraHuBagcbI]Ienxus,- MHe ocraercfl oAHo cpeAcrBo, q [epeAaM Bce

AeJIo B <l(o.noro,r>>.

- Bu c yMa cour.nH!- 3aKpaqafl feAeoHos.- Bu nonn-Maere JII{, qro BbI roBopuTe? fl eac Ber'I}o apecroearr. no-c.nyural'tre, f Bac H3BI'lHtlIo TOJIbKO TeM, qTO BbI CrOptqa 3To

cKa3aJrH. Vz elaxux [ycrsKoB AeJIarb KyrepbMy' KaK BaM

He crbrAHo. flpuxo.u,ure 3aBTpa B KcHTopy, fl flocMorplo).Ha apyroft AeHb Bce 6tt.rlo y.naxeuo.<<Brr cuna, pyccKoM nn-

uer fepueHy nPoQecco Pe-

AaKrop .<Kono ero crogr rHX

BHe3anHbIX Ap B HaqaJIe Me-qaer: <<Calto cJIoBo nu6epa.n KaK-ro MaJIo I.IAer Ko MHe' -oco6esHo c rex nop, KaK B Poccl,tll AoKrpHHepbI u 6rcpo-KPATbI, UCH3OPbI I,I TCHCPAJI-AA'brcTAHTbI XBACTAIOTCfl CBOHM

nE6eDa,[HsMoM)>.B' re roabl lepueH I{ ero runorpa$nn 3HaMeHIIrbI I'I

Aaxe BHreceHbr B TypHcTcKue cnpaBoqHI,lKI,I, XaK OCOOaf

AocronpnMeqareJrbHocrl JIouAoHa. Ha KoHuepre, AaBaB-ueMcq

- s ,IIoHAoHe pyccKllM opKecrpoM KHfl3r lOpun_fo-Jlr.rubrHa L, HcrroJlHfrl.tcr uea,rlc fepueua> u <<xa4pu.nr ora-peBa>). <<fllecrt,.. BepoqrHo, HI'Iqero He norepqrfi npl{ [epe-esae lts Anr6uoua,- qAoBllro 3aMerHJr aBTop <<Ertlolo n

I O ser,r g <brtaou u r,yMax), ,r. VII, u' I, <Anorefr u flepnrei>.

LyM>,- KpoMe co6crBeHHbIX HMeH: OHI',I MOTJIU JIetKO ne-peft-

iu s *eaJlc rloranoea>> I ll <<naptutYPy Korr,ruccapoBa>> 2.

flosxe Bce ,craHer Ha Mecro. llo6eAosocuee craHet flo-,SeAonocueerrN,t, f pouera - ry6epHaropoM, <<fpoM rpq-Her>> - lt .rru6epa,lluue troqHTareJII'I Har{Hyr npoKJIItHarbBqeparxHux KyMLIpoB. Ho fepueH n Orapen, I'I3yMrlqcb<<no,true6Hrnra LI3MeHeHHIM>> B orAeJIbHbIx JIHuax, He yAI{-Brrrcq raxofi flepeMeHe B ueJIoM: <<f unxorAa He paccqfiTbl-rBa,'I, - IIHcaJI fepueH HecKoJlbKo rer cnycrq,- H3 Ty Mac-cy,. KoTopafl orKpbrTo BbIcKa3blBaeT Tenepb Bce cBoe HpaB-.cr,BeHHoe 6eso6pasne...>.

B 1860 roay, B AHII, KorAa yBI{Ae.r 'ceer 64-it HoMep<Korot<o.na>>, M;{or[e cq],rraror )KypHaJI cBoI,IM. Ho <<Pyc-cxaft qeroseK>>, Kparr.rKyrcuruir lepueua, xyAa 6.nuxe K He-My, r{eM cr'laBocJ-IoBrrilIHe <<feHepartbt H3 .nu6epanon, ,ru6epa-JIbI I{3 CTATCKHX COBCTHI,IKOB, lrPI,IABOPHbIE ]IAMbI 'C XAXAOftilporpecca n Q,'ture.rr-aAbrcraHrbr c .rrnreparypoft>>.

B aro )Ke BpeMfl Tapac llleeqeHxo BocropxeHHo qr{raerace LI3AaHHx Bo.nusofi pyccxofi runorpa{ruu n [ocbrraerfepueny sKseMrrJlsp <Ko6sapa>> c. <<...6narorosefiHtrr{ no-KJIOHOIVI>>, .

O,.nn nz oqeBr.r.EueB paccKa3brBa,'r, KaK cnycrs 40 c nr,ru-HriM rer, JIes Toncrofi u Bnanuuup Cracoa, oAHaxAbrtscTpeTnBtUHCb, npH[xoraeeuLl crarTu3. coqr.rHeHuri fep,or Bocropra. OH,MbrcJrI{ H r.{3per{eHurr Be"rrr,rKoro ny6.nuuucra. ToqHo Bnepe.TOHKI,I, 3TI,I ABA CTAPUA XBA,CTA,'IHCb 3HAHI,ICM I,I NOH],IMAHHCMfepuena, u npuqrHo 6uno nu4erb, KaK B gToM Bonpoce oHLt-coBep Ix eHHo coIxJI I,ICb>).

I4gr,arenu 3HaJrlr, xaxoil rtoflyrqpHocrbro noJrb3yercflTypna;r. H:narensv ,6sl.rro Hexor4a: ' <<Borbuaq run'orpa-..Qur ynenuqr.rBaer pa6oru>.

Kor,qa 64-ii <<l(o,roKoJr>) npoHux s poccHro, s JIoHAoHeyxe 6un roroB cneAyrcuuft, caBoeHHbrfi, 65-66-fi.

Bpeur_saaaBaJro HoBbre Borrpocbr n rpe6onano 6ucrpuxorBeroB. Crapufi HoMep ycryrraer Aopory r{ ucue3aer, Bo3-polKAascb B MbrcJlsx Lr AeIax coBpeMeHHHKOB.

| lloranoe-MocKoBcKHfi o6ep-noauuueficrep s 1860-1861 rolax,ynpan.nnrorurrft III orae.neHueM e l86l-l864 roaax.2 Kouuccapoe - cflac Aaexcangpa II, rolxnyn flnKyuaBueroc, Hauero l(apaxoauoa.

53

TJIABA III

BJIACTb I,IJIH MbICJIb?

. Mn nocMorpuM, KTo cuJrbuee -BJIacrb rrJ.ltr MbtcJ'rb. Mu nocraorpuu,KoMy yAacrcr, - KHHre nu npo6parbcra Pocolro, Jlnn [paBuTenbcrBy He npo-n]'cTUTb ee/

A. H. lep4erc

flaqa,le l86l roaa rerep6ypncKr.re <<BeprrrHHbl>>

6n"na oryraHbr oco6eHno rycrbrMr{ o6.naxaunKaHuerqpcKoft rariHu. Kpecruucraq peoop-

Ma oblJra, _HaKoHeu, r{3roroBreHa. <<Bcgxoe AaJtbHefiLxeenporvreAJreHHe Moxer 6bITb rrafy6Ho Ans rocyAapcrB2)), -nyra,'r ABopqH Anerccaugp II u ryr')Ke ycnoKa[BaJr: <<Bce,TITO MOXHO 6U.NO CAC.NATb AAfl O|PA}KACHI,Ifl BbITOA NOMC-uII,tKa, - cAe,laHo>>.

<<Tst, nepoarHo, 3Hae[Ib, - nfica!'I fepuen cblHy, - qro..-

[poBo3rJraluaeTcs ocBo6oxAeune c serulefi. Aonq ger\,rflrr

HeH3BeCTHa...>), '

B re Aus 6u.no oco6eHHo rs)KeJro ocraBarbcq 3a ABaMops or poJII{HbI: <Ecnr 6 6u;ro Bo3MoxHo, un 6pocunn6H sce H flocKaKa!'rw 6br ts Poccuro. Hnxon,qa He qyBcrBoBa-,'[I MbI [pex(Ae, Ao KaKofr cTeneHll Tq>KeJ|a x{epTBa OTCyr-crBt4 s>>, - nlrcaJr I4cranAep B oqepeAHoM <I(o.noxole>.<<3aqeu pyccKne, - cnpaur.rBau'r oFI, - Koropble Mofvr exarbH )KHByr 6eg Aena, cKyqafl H 3eBaq, B flapuxe, B l".Irailvil,a JIoHAose... He e,qyr?.. Hac yAr.rBJrrror .rno4r.l o6pa3oB3H-HbIe, - JrrcAr.r, cKopogr{He o HapoAe, B3AbrxarcxlHe o eroHecr{acrlltx, - Ho He HacroJlbxo, uro6 no6ecnoxourr ce6R,6pocurs ltpHBbrqHyro x]r3Hb lr qBr.rrbcrl HaJrnqo ,B AHH BeJrr.t-r{oro HcTopHqecKoro co6brT}rfl >>.

61

fepuen eule HaAeercq, a AarbHoBHAHbIe ,'tloAH B caltofiPocctltt y)Ke He HMercT HI.IKaI(Hx unrrc3Ltt:1. t{epuuruencxnfi

a QenpalscKoM HoMepe <<CoepelteuHaKa>> loMeillaercrarb]o'o peBonro[uossoit 6opu6e c caMoAep]KaBHLIM pexuMoM...s AecrpHH (nporuqare.nrsrtfi rIurareJlb pae6eperca, B uefioropoA xarueHu!). OH saxaHqlrBael' It oraaer B noAnoJlbHylorunorpaQurc peBoJrrour4oHHyro ttpoKJIaMauI{to <<Eapcxuna

KpecrbsHaM or ux 4o6poxenarereii rroKJloH>> c nplt3btBoM t4

nJraHoM Boopy)KeHHoro BoccTaHHs.19 Qeapara uapl Har{epraJr ua lrauaQecre <<6urr no

ceNry)), a qepe3 ABe HeAedrm pyccKoMy HapoAy npoqr{Ta,'ilr<<lJoloxesr.rfl>) - ABaArlarb ABa 3aKoHa,,u,a Bflpr.{Aaqy rlrTa-ry as <<,[,ensnri anocroroB>>: <<BcrKafl Ayua AoJr)KHa lroBrl-HoBarbcq BJracrrrM rlperepxaqfiv>>. Tq)KerHfi u tr.tarononrrr.Hnfi ssurx <<flo.noxeHufi>> HsBeula,'r KpecrbqH:

qro oHI,r orHbrHe He KperrocrHbre, a <<cno6oAnue ceJlbcKl,teo6rtsarern>>,

qro HeMaJraq t{acrb KpecrbqqcKoft ser{fl[ orpexercq reMxe [oMerur4KaM,

qTo KpecTbfl.HvHa MoxHo [epecefiqTb Ha <IlecoqeK>>,rITo 3a Bce 3rH 6raroAeqHr.{r HaAo [JrarHTb orpouHnfi

BbIKy[, npoueHTbr Ha BbrKyn, npoueHTbl Ha npoueHTbr,r{To <<HoBoe ycrporicrso He Moxer 6rrrl npoisne4euo

BApyr, a rpe6yercfl Enfl roro BpeMfl, npr.rMepno He MeneeAByx_ Jrer>), noKa )Ke npexHhe o6pox n 6aputuua B cl,Ir're...

14, c.noeuo copBaButtcb c Mecra, Bo3!'rI.tKoBa!'tra oQltqr-a JrbHbIe ta3erbl r{ << He3 a BHcr.tlvtble>> x(yp H a Jrbr, .rru6ep a.nrH sre,KoHcepBaropbt, KoHcepBaruBirbre nu6epa,ru. A.nexcaH4p-<<ocgo6oALtTeJI b)> o KypeH Tyr{ a M H Qr.tn na lr a.

EapuH u ny6nuuucr Me.nlryuoB yAr.rBJrsJrcq, trro Kpecrb-IHHH eue <<)K.u,er qero-To, xaxoft-ro ilullocrtt, ocyulecrBne-Hr{q KaKHX-TO HaAe}KA...>>.

Hcropux H Jtureparop floro4uH pe3Burcq Ha crpaHn-uax <<CaHKr-nerep6yprcKvx BeAor"locieri>>: <<flocers.n' Hac6or, Apynll MoH cepAeqr{bre, cBqrorc ,csoeil MI,tJrocrb}o, Ha-rpa,u,HJr Hac uaps-6arrorrJXa 3a Harrre AoJrforepneHHe: rrpH-HecJlH ,ll,Jlfl Hac 3a BepHylo Hauy MHofo-JTeTHIOTO .U,Jrs H vlacu 3aBoAuTb xaxofr_H.n6yar cnop, o I 6aruury qapx-6aaro-AeTeJ'I9 BaUI€IO a)>.

Bsrcxagancr n <<CoopeMeHHHK)>. <<Bu, eeporrHo, oxuAa-ere,-nncalr tlepusrueacxLlir,-rrro q roBeAy c BaMH peqbo ToM, o qeM rpe3BoHsT... Terrepb Bce xypl{ad'rbr, }<ypHanb.

qbr H ra3erbr, r. e. o AapoBaHHoft KpecrbqHar\t cBo6oAe. BbIorxn6aerecb B Barrlr4x o)KnAaHIIfx. MHe Aaxe o6uAHo, qroBbr rar( o6o use AyMaere>>.

JIosAoucxlre 3Mr.rfpaHrbr co6panucr 6nno orflpa3AHo-Barb HaqaJro ocso6oxreHuq. Ho npu6u;ra Becrb o paccrpe-ne HapoAHoft AeuoHcrpal!:la a Bapuraoe, n fepueu HanI{-car'r: <<Her, pyccxuft He .II,oJIxeH ga6Hsarlcs, He nptzrrr,'toeue BpeMn Hail{ Top}KecrBoBarb cBerJIo I.r 6egga6oruo>>.llocre grofo <<KofloKor'I>> Ao,rfo Mor'rr{r.rr npo l9 Qeupala.Sunrpauru r.r3vr{aror <<llo,ro>xerruq>> rr npucryrxrrBarorcq xBecTqM Hg Poccu[.

<lpa6nrs xorflr>>, -nvcail fepuen Typreuesy 5 anpe.na,a 30 a'npens Ao6asnsn: <<BnAuo uav Poccan eu{e AoJIro He

BH,q,erb)>.B gru AHr{ crarro r.r3BecrHo, KaK npuHqra <<MauuQecr>>

r{pecrbqHcKaq Poccuq.12 anpenn 186l rola B ceJre EesAua KasaHcxoft ry6ep-

HLII,I Boccrasue. V6uru lI pageHbr corHr,I KpecrbqH. To xe -e fleHgencxoft u 4pyrux.tlepes HecKoJrbxo Asefi AoHeceHI,Ifl npl{xoAnr B flerep-

6ypn; 18 anpedrr fpovexa BbrcbIJIaer s JIoHAot{ lepBylo LrH-

QopMaurro, a BCKope fepueH no,'Iyqaer Kont{u coBepuleHHoceKperHbrx pe,rsuuft uapcKi.Ix raparelefi.

<<Pyccxaa KpoBb rbercs)> - lra3brBaer fepuen cBolo nep-Byro crarbro o 6e:AHescxov lo6ouure. BcleA sa Hefi gro-parr, rperbrr, [qras... floxa <<Muxaun llerposuu t eue 6pe-Avtnt vr He BxoaHJr s ce6s or pa/Iocrn, a y)K ug o6uaxesHofia MHorocrpa.[a.nrHofi rpyAL.I. Pocclltt coquJlacb KpoBb H3 Ae-crrrr.r paH, HaHeceHHbrx pyccKHMH pyKaMr.r... uapb BeJIe,'I

KpecrbflH y6uaatr, xar co6ax; AeJra KpoBaBbIe, rrrycHble co-BEDUIHJII,ICb>>.' Paccrpen e EesAHe 4na fepueua n Orapeea - npeAer,noBopor; seo6srxuoneuHo Ba)KHo, qro HapoA ca.tv, He 3axoreJrpeQopurt, calvt orBepr. fepuen 6os.rrcR 3afoBopoB u naprufi,oropBaHHbrx or HapoAa, 6osncs, us Jlou4oua He pa3rrrAerblrcrHHHbrx crpev,reuuft Poccl.r.t, xoTeJr <<6rrrs no nrerry cBo-eMy xopy, BcefAa [IaroM B[epeA r.r Hr.rKorAa AByMrr>>.

Bucrpe.nrr - orJrr.rr{Hbrii xolr,luesr apuit x <<MaHnQecry>>.14 c l0l-ro HoMepa <<Ko,roxo.na>>, c 15 lrronq 186 l fo,rla, Ha-qaJ'rocb rleqaraHue 6o.nruoft crarbr.r Orapena <<Pa:6op no-Boro KpelocrHoro npaBa>>. B secxonsrr4x HoMepax, nyHKT

56

I floroAun (cn. aotwe).

3a ryHKroM, naparpaQ 3a naparpaQou, ou pas6upan, aua-JILI3LIpoB aJr, << aH aToM Lrposar>> <<fIoro)KeHIrq>> I.I gaKJrroqHJI :

<Hapoa uapeM o6uauyr>.flosl_e_Orapena B3qfi croBo fepuen. lS anrycra l86l

roAa B 105 <Ko;roxoJre>> ltosBr.rJracb oAHa r{3 caMbrx cuJrbHbrxero crarefi <<Hcxonaeurrfi enucxon, AorrororrHoe npaBr.rreJ,rb-crBo r.r o6uauyrufi HapoA>.

rlpannrenrcrBo pacnopsAt4Jrocb BbrKonarb reJro HeKoeroAaBHbr M -Aa BHo yMeplxef o ettncxorr a Tnxou a : <(.,. HcKonaeMbrft' enhcKofl [oxaJroBaH rocyAapeM B CBsTbIe, a TeJro ero, 3anpr.rMepHoe HeT"'reHue, npolr3BeAeHo B MOrIII, C npucBoeHl{eMBce.x npaB cocroflHuq, T. e. 6panoft pa-xoft, .nauua4ofi, nocxoasrltn e, xpyxxoftEna c6opa, xoerc nuoqu 6y4 bcr. tro oco-oorrg BHyrnesaro 6oxurc ta r eHr.rrc qeJlo_BeqecKoMy...>>.

ero Bo cTBa, _ KaKI,re BbI BCe qepHble JrroAH, Ka_Kr,re Bbr HapoAa!>.

.IIer a c]raxaror-quecq rarep u npn6nwxarrwcbK pella Ke.

5H. fl' SfiAearuan

HcropnxaMr.I 3aperncrpl{poBano oKoJIo 1600 Qaun.nnftAeqrenefi peBoJrlouuoHHoro TBHx<eHHI 50-60-x ro,u,oe. HsHHx ABoptH npr{MepHo or+a nflTafl. B ro,u,sl loHocrlt fepue-ua H OrapeBa ABopnHe cocraBJtsnN 6olr'ure rpex l{erBep-rerl <<t'ocyAa pcrBeHHbtx npecrynH HKoB)>.

PasHoqHHuut BMecre c KpecrbflHaMI'I - rtoAaBJltttouee6onruuHcrBo pyccKofo HapoAa. Ho - 9To pyKa, He cxaraqB KyJraK. Her oprauusoeaHHofi peuonrcunoHuofi naprlln...

A rroxa cropoHbl roroBgrcl, nocreneuHo <<Bbtxoanr H3

urpbl>> .lrr6epa.nu. Ouu eule He BceM aoBoJlbHbt, HeKoropbleerue noroBapHBaIor o 3eMcKoM co6ope, KoHcrl'lryunH, Koe 3aqTO OCyIKAatOT BJIacTb, HO KyAa CI{JIbHee BO3pa}Karcr <<BJle'

no>>. <<ConpeMeHHIiK>> yx(e craJl l'rx BparoM. <<Koroxo.n>> -craHoBl.rrcfl. B.nacrr-HHKot'ra se 6u.na ux aparou. Cefi'qac AeJlaercfl - ApyroM.

I4ucluHxrou 6srsaJtoro xutuHuKa npaBure'rtbcrBo qyBcr-

BoBaJro, orr(y.u,a fJIaBHal yrpo3a B ro epeun, xax softcxaITIJTH <ocBo6oxaarr>> repeBHto, Ha cry.[ellros o6pyu-tu.nHcs(HOBble npaBHJla>: nor'lHOe noAqHHeHHe yHHBepcureTcKOMyHaqaJrbcrBy, 3anpeueHhe cxoAoK l.r opfaHH3aullft, ottueHaJlbror 6eaHuu cryAeHTaM.

Pacc,lHraHHrrfi yaap H BbI3oB. Crya,eurtt He cMoJIqaJrH-Bo.nHeHus, co6paHua, aApeca, npeKpaIueHHe sannruit B

Mocxoecxou, [Ierep6yprcKo\r i. apyrux yHHBepcnrerax.JIr6epa,rruue npoQeccopa He oao6prrcr cBoHX c,lyula-

re.nefi. Hexoropue nHuyr AoKraabt-Ilottocut. OaHH 6u.n ug'roroBreH rpynnoft MocKoBcKHx npoQeccopon (scero B ntlrn3K3eMnJrrpax - AJrr HaI{a,qbcrBa n <<ceoltx>>). Ho cxpurucrHe yaaJrocb, noroMy qro <<Ko.noxo.tt> BcKope npeacraBltJlnpoQeccopcKyro 3arHcKy anq eceo6utero o6o:peHun.

Mexay rerra yHHBepcHTerbr 3a KpbtBaJIHcb. CryaenroeapecroBbrBa nvl, us6veaJlH, aecttrKaMH HcK.rtrcqaJIll, Bblcblra-lll,t. <<Ko.noxoJI>> BbrracKHBail Ha cBoH crpaHHtlbr Bcex <no-'6eanre.neft>> - or MtlHl.tcrpa .0.o npHcraBa: <<Bce stuonatbl,Bce oHH t4rpallt po.nr ao6poBoJlbHbtx naraqefi... Ho svecreC Telvl OHU nOJ'lb3yl,OTCtl H BblfoilaMH, COeAUHeHHbIMH C 3Ba'HLteM 3anJteqHblx MacTepoB: oHH oTBeqarcT ToJIbKo 3a ilc-noJrHeHHe. flycrs ux 3aMyqur coBecrb, nycrb Hx 3aMyqHTo6urecreeHHoe npe3peHne. flycru oHH, HaKoHeu, 6yayr Ha-Ka3aHbt Ha roM ocHoBaHI,IH, Ha KoropoM e AHTTHI'l Ka3Hfr3aepeft, npurlnHHBluHx cMeprb qeJloBeKy>.

Hcx.lrto,{eHHttx }4 BbtcJlaHHblx il<aailn HeJlerKfie ro.[bl-<Hb xyaa x(e BaM Aerbcfl, K)HoluH, or Koropblx 3a[epJII{ Ha-

t8

yKy? - rficaJt Hcxau,qep. - flpncnyruafirect - 6;laro rruaHe l\{e[aer cJryuarb: co Bcex cropoH orpottHofi poALrHbI Ha-ruefi, c [oHa u Vpana, c Bo"nrn n ,[,Henpa, pacrer croH,n - 3To HaqarbHrrfi pen uopcxoft BoJrHbr,K qpeBaras 6yprr,au... B Hapoq! K Ha_P uecTo, r.r3rHaHHHKH Hayr(u...

o 6 p a u. a q c s x c e o e ii ;r'r"JJJo' 1,'" : : ;ffi::,,I;'i' #' t 35 ? "r[lAa [p'BercrBoBaru cryAeHroB lg6l: <Xeari natr, MeHb[rHe6parsa, H Harrre Aa.nlube 6naro,cnoueuue! O, a.nr'O

", ,"r-JtH, KaK 6z,rocl cepAue, KaK cJre3bl roroBbr 6"rn" nrlr"c",KorAa Mbr qHra,'rH o crgdeurcrcon dne a [Terep6gpee!>.

Msrc.rt tlcKa[ra pa3Hbrx nyrefi Anr oTBera g.nactu: <<Co-BpeMeHHHr{>>, <<Konoxon)>, y}rnBepctrrercKr{e rporecrbl, Ha_XOHeII, PCBOJ'I}OqUOHHbIC NPOK ilAMAUHH.

B, -cep-eaule Hro,rq l86l'roAa r.r3BecrHrni noar H rrepeBoA_

'{Hx M. V. MuxailrtoB Be3 us .IIoHIoHa anp"ru""y, B ABoft_HoM ,qHe qeMonaHa pe_B_oJlrour4oHHyro npoK.rrauaul.uo <K uo_JroAorvry noKo,.reH'ro>>. Hannca.n ee apyi tt,["*rano"u, ii";;_;rarl [lJe"'rryHoB; orneqara,la Borsuii'iy..nr" rnnorpaQun.B Ha,{are cehra6pn ".n..uni"iit'oo*y"."r pacnpocr-paHHrCq B CrO,Tuue. Eue pasr norrtsHrcq peBoJrForlltoH_grrii nlrcrox lroA 3

:l::?i 11lt;;' ; ;:ot{:':ri i?T1,1i;*;obl"[ He !'loHnoHcKH O.rrbHaf poCqlq. HOreiU,KTO HC CYMCJI BOBP b NPOKJIAI\IAUJIa repueHoB .<<Ko,roxon>>neqaTa,,r BceLIanH,- nuca

oPYcca>>' <<M

urH, He 6e I. "Trlutil"o"o ueo6xo4H_uufi urar.

Kax rollxo IvIbICJIH, nerlaraeMble 3a rpaHiluefi, uauwua-Ior ocyuecrB,rrtrbcg, IIM Hy)KlIa po1Haq noqBa, 6-.rrueocri,BAoxHoBer{be AHr>>.JJJ orae.rreHrie HcKaJro a.BTopoB <Be.nrzxopycca)>, BbtcJre_x(HB?,i-ro opfaHa3ar(Hro. ncAospesar" .{lri,;;;L"".].#o.

[o6po.rrro6oBa, Ho ,4oKa3areJ,rbcTB He Ao6uln l.Mex rev <<Ko.noxo,t>> He ror,lbKo HaneqaTaJI npoKd,IaMa_

ilii:#l oro3Barrce ua Hr4x H noMecrr4rr MHeHr.rq apyeefi ns

t Cp"o" aBropoB <Beauxopycca> 6srar B. O6pyve4, 6parua Jlynr-ullHbr H rrpyfHe. Beponruuv_c,{hiaercn yqacTHe g"pilu,uteecxoro. oaga_xo Bce rrua, cBt3auHbre c <Be,nuxopycao'"r,-""'rauacrHbl li ceroilHg.

5*

Z npaeureJlbcrBy I.{ rloAnoJlbn qcHo, r{To cyilrecrBylorABa IIeHrpa pyCcKoro peBoJIIoUHOHHono AeJIa - B 'caMoHPoccuu ta JIoHAoHe. Boxpyr LlepnuuencKofo H noxpyr fep'

0oJIb B 3TOM AeJIe.' <<Msr AaBHo AyMaaI'I, - IIH[Ier Orapen s <<Ko,'toKore>>, -

o ueo6xoAllMocrl.l opfaHl'IqecKoro cocpeAoToqeHl'lg CHJI' HO

crl,LlTaJilr, r{To I{e or l{ac Ao,'lx(Ha srtfirn HHI'lIIHarHBa," A u3

canoil Poccuu>.Tenepn - HHuIriIarllBa II3 Poccltt't.Eyayurefi opraHH3auI'IIl Hyx(Ha eAI4Har nporpauua' Pe-

laK(;;-<Ko.noxonan 6eperca ee cocraBl,Irs t'1 ony6.laKoBarb'flpaxruuecxylo cBl3b c pyccKHM ..noA[oJIbeM ocyurecrB-

,gnui KoHerIHo, -o6a

usAareJlfl, Ho raftsult o6uecrnou, npo-

TbICqq 3K3eM IIJ'ItlpoB.<<LIro ny>ruo uapo4y? Oqenl lpocro - 3eiu"rlfl I'l BoJItl>'

<<3 eu.nr H Bor q>>- cr ar'I Il r'I o3yHroM uelofi p eno"t touuounoi.i

9noxu. <<3eM,tfl>>-3ro Bo3BpaureHue KpecrbnHaM Bcex 3e-

rleJrb, .npe)KAe ,HI\,I npuHaA.IIexanruux, 6e: BcqKHx <<c1'pe3-

rog>r. flbslKe <<I(o.noxon>> noftAer AaJ'Ibrrle I{ cKaxer' 'sro 6cfl

3eMJlr AoJIIKI{a 6rtrl <<eerucKuM>>' T' e' HapoAHbIM Aocrofl-HHeM.

Orapen eoo6ule nPoI'O KAK HA HAHN'ICHbIUCC

UIIKOB AOr'l>KHbI He Kpe

crna uafi4yrcfl, ecJII{ c -

BeHHble pacxoAbl qapcKoro rpaBHTeJIbcrBa>>'---.iHat'"o.rr" bes seltlltrr, Ho 14 <<3eMJIq He KpenKa 6es so'

.[n>. t{uttOsHr.IKI,r He Hy)KHbt, HapOA AOJI)KeH yIIpaBJIflTbCfl

*au" ."o""n nsr6opusiuu,t; vepes 3en'rcxnft co6op (o6ure'

HapoAHoe npeAcraBl'ITe.nrcrno) pelxarb Bce rocyAapcrBeH-:

HbIe Bonpocbl.Karoft xe 6yAer Poccnq, ecJIH 3ra nporpaMMa ocyqecr-

eurcq?

60

' fepueH n Orapen BepflT: KpecrbsHe, noflyqnBur.re 3er\{-.rno H o6reAr.rHeHHbre s o6xrHHH, rIJIroc AeMoKparar{ecKoeyltpaBJIeHr.re - r Pocclrq craHer corluaJracrlrqecxofi. Vro-[HqecKarl MeqTa o KpecTbgHcKoM coqHaJII't3Me, o ToM, qTO.

6u <<vuuonarb MelqaHcKylo nor'iocy>, T. e. KarII,ITaJIIicrLIqe-crcuft crpofi. Ha calrou AeJre B groM counaJlrl3Me, no JTeHHH-cKoMy Bbrpax{eHuro, <<Her Hu epaHa corlr{aJrlr3Ma>). Cqu-ras ce6s coqfiar'Il4craMH, Jryr{ur{e peBoJrrouuoHepsr 60-x ro-Aos 6Hrr.t Ha caMoM AeJre <<My)KLIqKuMr.r AeMoKparaMH>.Ho ero 6rr.no geruxtrM AocrulKeHHet\r pyccxoft uu'c.nn toroBOCI\{CHH.

_ Apynyrc crarbrc-fipofparuMy <<tlro uaAo AeJrarb eoficr<y?>>Orapen Hanr.lcad'r BMecre c orrbrrHbrM BoeHHbrM, oQllqepoNrreunra6a, Huxo.naeu O6pvuenuu r Hnxo,raenr CepHo-Co-TOBbCBllI]CM.

Bolicxy cJleAyer <<seftrn nporHB HapoAa... He MeruarbHapoAy - cnoxoftHo noJryqr.rrb 3eN,rJrlo a Bo!'rro>>.

Ha aoficxo, noHqrHo, oco6aq HaAexAa. KorAa-ro sa Ce-Harcxofi fl,'roxlaAll 4exa6pucraM <<He xBaraJro napo4a>. Te-rlepb HeAocraer soficxa: <<llepnufi ylruuli noJrKoBHHK, Koro-pl'lri co cBor.rrl orpqAoMroro, uro6H Ayrrr.rrb Hx,

Crarurc <<t{ro uaAo Auoft npoxnalrauueii. TpaIorcrr Ha poAr.tHy: B_fapHH3oHbI, Q.nor, B HeJrefaJrbHue oQu.u,epcKJ.re Kpy)r{K}r. B carr,roii Pocculr nepe[eqarbrBaror errleqerblpex{Abr. Bc,reA 3a reM Bo.ulsag runorpaQua [eqara-er co.nAarcKlre rtecHr.r, a Ha c6opulrrce <<Cno6o4HrrepyccKue necHu>> r,Jtfl o6uaua noJrr.rrrxn craBnrcg Qa.rrt-llrvBafl, rreqarb H rpuQ <<!,oano,reHo ueHsypofi. Canxr-llerep6ypr>.

Pesontoquq rbrx>>. oc-HoeHofi onope.

<<Kax ueHrl epuo-Co-loesesnuy,-f oJIe>>, qrooHI,I npHCTa,lU K HeMy, BbI nOATOJIKHeTe K HeMy BCgKHeKpyx(KH...>>.

Ha ucxoAe l86 I - B HaqaJre 1862 roaa <<ueHrD cxreu-Barcrr>>: Huxonafi u Anexcasap Cepno-Co.noer,enuuu, 06-pyqeB, C.nenuon, Kypovxau...

LlepHunencxufi, xoueuuo, o60 BceM 3roM gsan u 6:s.ttcoro3HHKoM. <<l(o,torol>> qerqndq <KpecrHblM>>: opraHH-3aIIHlo Ha3Ba,lll <<3eunq H tsoJlf>.

6l

flpanxrenncrBo Koe o r{eM AoraAbrBa,'Iocb, Ho HcrHHHoenoJtoxeHHe B peBoJIIOUI'IOHHOM IIOAnOrbe 3HaJIO nr'IOXO 11

crpaur.rJrocu co6creeHHoro He3H aHLIfl .

<<Koroxo,t>>-Bpaf rBHutti, cKpbtBalournft r,ttio>xecrsorailHlrx. Bonpoc o6 ero npecer{eHHH Tenepb 3arruMa.II Bce3BeHbq focyAapcrBeuHoti NrauHHbt Poccuficxot? LIMneptIH -oT XaHAapMa AO (r.JMneparopcKofo BeJILlqecrBa)>.

Apecronarn H cocJ'tarb r,raBHbtx BLIHoBHI.{KoB 6stno, xaxrl3BecrHo, <<HecKoJrbKo 3arpyAHHTeJIbHo>>. <<Cnacru ore{ecr-Eo>> or r.rx reqarrl He yAaBa,rocb y)Ke 6o"ntrue nflTll ,ter;

Hoslre uupKyJ'lrpbr o6eulanr oco6eHHo crpofue Kapbl 3aDBO3, IIepelleqaTKy, TopfoBJIIo JIOHAOHCK]IMH <<I.{3AeflHtllvlA>).

t';'laHncrp HHocrpaHHbtx Ae,r npuKa3btBaer pyccKHN'l KoHcy-"naM cKynarb rtpoKra]\,rauHrc <<I{ro Hy}KHo uapony?>> Bo BcexIiHHXHbIX Mafa3HItaX Enponlt, He )KaJlefl pacxoAoB l't l'I3-

.U.CP}KCK. KOHTAXT C I,IHOCTPAHHbII\{H NO,'I14iIHq]\{U KPEIIHCT'

3anpeuleHnfl CbIIIJIlorcq Ha <<Korot(oJt>> co Bcex cropoH.B Poccuz xe Kpy>KKau, rafincuy o6ulecray rpe6ytorcr

corHI,I H COTHH 3K3eMI1,'lrrPOB <<KO"'lOKO.na>>. flerep6yprCxnfi<<pbrHoK>> 3aBoeBaH. I-lyxlsH il,tocxoecxuft. B traqane 1862 ro-Aa Ke.nlcreB orlpaBrnercq Ha pa3Be,uKy s Pocctlrc, opraHl,t'3yer nyrr.r coo6ueuHs H rIH[Ier oAHoMy H3 Apyaeii: <<l4s

Mocxesr oH (<<Ko.noxo.n>>.-H.3.) 6pusHer Bo Bce BHyr-peHH,He ry6epntr.r u rponaraHAa rlofiaer 6oftxo... Ecru esIBo3bMerecb 6lrrr s Mocxse npueMxrI.IKotvl, T. e. xorb cyrKI,IfipoAep)Karr y ce6a IIaKer, BbI cAeJlaere Be,tHKyIo ycr'IyryJ,CJIV>>.

B Hon6pe l86 l roaa Heo)KHAaHHo npfiulo rtacbNlo orcraporo Apyra copoKoBbrx I'oAos Muxauna EaxyusHa, IIe-:riotAa IIpuroBopeHHofo K cMepTH HecKo"'lbKHI\4H eBpOIIeHCKI{-Mr.I [paBHTeJIbcrBaMH, orrlpaB,{eHHoro Haxo,raeu I B Kpe-nocrb, a A,rexcaHApou II-n Cr.r6Hpl.

flocne Aep3Koro no6era c !,a.luHero Bocroxa EaxyuunnoflBrflercq g JIoH,u,oHe. AuapxHcr, custutl npaxrnuecxrlfi6oeu, 6o.nuuofi reoperuqecxltft nyraHHK. C suu 6yaer rtluo-ro cnopoB, pe3r(Hx paa.nnunft Bo B3l-r'lsAax, no3xe - pa3pblB.Ho HencrosaR 6axyHl.tucKar 3HepFHfl BpeMeHat\'tH oqeHb rto-Re3Ha o6uteuy ae.ny. llpncoeAuuHBrrlltcb K JIoH.u,oHCKHM

sMrrfpaHTaM, on cpa3y npHHHMaerca ea utuQpbI, flBKH, cBq-sn. lepuenoBcKylo Jrr.rreparypy yAaercs 6rtcrpee npoABI{-Hyrb qepes OfiH.nqHAulo H lloluruy.

B saqare l862 roaa s fefiaens6epre coIuJII{cb AecqrK[cryAeHron r{s Poccau. VqurscR r fepvauuu 6u.no qeureale,

B yHHBepcHTere qlITaJrH 3HaMenlrrocrl,L flpuexa.na MoJro-

,[exb, rrpouetluan qepe3 oceHHHe <<yHl,rBepcurercxlte 6ar-au> 186 I roaa. Bce gsa.nu <<Beluxopycca>>, 6sl,rn nocroflH-;flbrMH r{HTareJrflMH <<Conper',teHHHKa>> H <<KoroKoaa>>. Esrct-po opf aHr43oBaJracb qr.lra,'rbHr pyccKHX xHnr, rny6, Tr.rnorpa-Qun. fleuaraJrH cBoe, Meqra.rrH o )KvpHane, nepeneqalbtBaJllrfepueua u Orapena, ornpaBJrrrJrH HX npeccy s Poccilrc, ca-MH nHcaJrH n <<Konoxo,r>>. OaHa>xabr ycrpolrJ'rH Top)KecrBeH-Hylo Bcrpeqy cbrHy fepueua, a apyrofi pa3-orlaquuft <<xo-

u;aqnft KoHuepr>> [poe3)KaBlrreMy aAr\rupany flyrnruHy, 6HB.rrreMy M14HHcrpy r.r cryaeHqecKor\{y foHxreJrro.

TaK0sH 6unu renepl irasHrre qnrareJlr4 H pacnpocrpa-HHTeJI I,t << Ko,loxo.n a>>.

XypHan lepueua flBHo 6pa.[ Bepx t,t HaA HoBbrMr.r npaBr.r-reabcrBeHHbrr\ru uHpKyd'rrrpaNru. C non6pn 186 I roaa oH craJrBbrxoaHrb exeHeAe,lbHo. He MeHbrrre 10000 3K3eMurrrpoB B

Mecflu.Vnpannrnulnfi III orAerIeHHeM rpaO n. A. [lyaanon

r(drrHercfl, qro HaftAer ynpaBy. Kporrae III oraenenvfl, H Be-

AOMCTBa UeH3ypbl nporHB <<Ko,'toxo.na>> npH38aHbr raKlKeMuHHcrepcrna QnuancoB, BHyTpeHHHX r{ r.rHocrpaHHbrx Aen.

I{epes or,[eJreHr.rfl r] aenapraMeHrbr 14ayr AoKJraAbr: y no-MopoB n Apxaurerucxoft ry6epHura r.r3brrrbr npoxiauauuuBo.nsHoft runorpa$uu n <<O6ulee Beqe>>. E.nrs MocxBbr <<noA-BepfHyTbr 3a.4epx{aHHto H 3K3eKyuHr.r>> KpecTbfHe, qHTaB[rr{e<<LIro uyxHo uapoay?>. Aouoc H3Beu{aer, qro Ha Qperarax<<lpono6oir>> H <<Orer>>, Bo3Bpau{anu1uxcrr l{g Alrr,rll.rr{, se-3yr 3anpeueHHyr.o Jlr4reparypy. B KpouurraAre o6ucx. Ha-xo,4rrr 186 axseN,rnJrspoB <<LIro HyxHo Hapogy?> B crBoJrecpyanfl Ha <<OJrere)>. BfiHosHne, oQuqeprr Tpyne.nnep r,r !,ra-KoHoB, ornpaBJreHbl e flerporaBJroBcKyro Kpenocrb.

Snano4apn <<nrc6e3souy>> co4eftcrnun napnlKcxofi nons-ugr{ HaqHHaercq Ha6,'rr,oAeHr.re 3a nepellficKorl JroHAoHcKr.rxfl napHx{cKr.rx sMurpaHroB. Ha repp}rropri}r Ascrpnficxoirr.IMnep1414 apecToBbrBaloT xapbKoBcKofo noMeulnxa fepueH-,Brtqa IIo noAo3peHnn, qro oH r.r3AaTe,'rb <<Konoxo.na>>. VsHaBo6 srov. Hacroqruuft H3Aarerb coBeryer <<BceM, [MeIoq[IM,Hecqacrbe s ceoefi Saualuu uMerb cJrof <<repq>>, B ToM qt,tc-

.d're BceM HeMeuKr.rM nepq-oraM... npu6aaurb: He cMerx[BaTbc noJrb3yrorur{Mcff aypnofi crasofi 6er.neuou H H3AareJIeM<Ko.noxon a>>.

III oraenexlre qeApo noou,pser crpeMneHrle H3BecrHoropoAa <nyTeIneCTBeHHIIKOB> O3HaKOMIITbCfl C .llOCTOnpIIM€-

s3

iarerrttocrnun 6puraucroft cro,'Ilubl. B <<Ko.noxoJIe> xeBpeMfl oT BpeMeHI,I nOffBJIflIOTCf raKI'Ie 3aMerKH:

<<C vcrpeuseit 6raroAapHocrblo H3BeIqaeM KoppecrloH-AeHTa Harrlefo o ToM, rITo nHcbMo efo, B KoropoM oH HacnpeAyrrpexAaer- o np'uesde e Jlondon dayx utnuoHoe -npurxJro. V t<aw He,'Ib3fl 6o,rnue KcrarI,I. O6a ryca 3Aecb I{noflb3yrorcq, cBepx x(aJloBaHbfl, npeKpacHblM 3AopoBbeM>.

<<Kro 6ul crapIlqoK... He orleHb AaBHo npnesxarruuii..-oqeHb cxpouuntfi, TaK qro LI HMeHH cBoero He cKa3aJI, oqeHb,rro6ouuruufr, oco6euuo Hacqer [oJIbcKI{x AeJI I'l pyccl(nxrryrerxecrBeHHuros? OAHu rosoptlr, qro aro co6creeuuuiiKoppecnoHAeHr co6creeusofi ero Be,'tllqecrBa KaHqerflpt4u,Apyfl{e ... roBopsr He ro...

A urtfly6"rr yHrep'u o6ep-runuouoe 6H-

Jro r,r3Jrrc tel,tofi>. 3a Hee 6PanctBCetAa caM <<I]pEHUI{

peHr{a, KaK Ha BCeX

KaK Ha BCeX fepoeBX{a,'Ib, Uau Sa fllYaBaJIOBa OnpaBAaTb...

Ha ero caqreflbcrBo Jlrvr, llro oH Halxy cKpoMHyIo rurlo-rpaQnro oKpy)KLIJI cBol'IMI4 corpyAHI'IKaMH H BeJIe,'I uM He

c[rycKaTb Hac c axa, qro oH Aaer I,IM CTpauHbIe AeHbrI{ -u HHbIe...>>.Bcerrlupnoft BbIcraBKH e JIoHAoHe- Illyaa-

JI <<Koloxo.l>> Tyr xe oro3Barcq: <<[lynaloeH sAeIxHIoIo croJll{uy AJIq ocMorpeHns Bce-rr,|upHoft BbIcraBKI'I U ycrpolicrBa c-4axosoeo aIInapara B

JlonAose; pa6orlt I4Ayr ycnelxHo>.V <<Ko.noroJla>> - cBofl KoHrppa3BeAKa.<<Mu no.nyul{Jllt or noJlbcKoro KoppecnoHAeHTa' Koroporo

racxpeHueiluutu o6pasou 6,raroAapuu, I'IMeHa JII'Iq, KOTOpbIe

naxbAsrcs renepb 3a rpaHl'Iuefi r xoropllx nponpeccl4BHoe

o6ucxy Ha tpaHl{Ile, I'I He rrorraJlu B Kpenocrb.

r <flpunqunan> - pyKoBoAHreJIb, HaqaflbHux. Tar B rxyrKy Ha3blBa-

,nn fepuena ero corpYAHlIKH.

64

PacxoAut Ha <[yrellrecrBeHHI'IKoB)> H <<cJlyxoBofi anna'par>> rloKa He onpan4ltBaJlucb' Moxer 6sIt, nocnoJlb3oBa'

rbcs opy)KHeM caMoro <<l(onoxo,ra>? Oreeqarr? fle'{arsnporuB neqaru!-

Oxoruuxtt HaxoAIiJII4cb. I4s,rureparypHo-)KaHAapMcKoHMe,'Ioqu. Te, xro noKpyllHee, or,'lurlHo 3lgarv, qro cJIoBo npo-

rHe fepueua ltu 6yAer croll-Tb coreH [oA[HcqI{KoB, Bo3Mox-

Beqep nofh6anu or cMexa.Einpouerrl, FJlynocrb aBropa noKa3aJIacb upesuepuoft 4a-

xie rJIs BHAaBULIX BHAbI BJlacrefi. Meqrst o6 <<AnruroJloKo'

"re>> 6rt.nn orcraB"'teHbl. OlloHeHraM ocraBaJlocl 6oporscrro,,rbKo nyTeM BocxBaJreHlla poccrzficrofi AeftcrgttTer'lbHocTIt,croJrb <<oKJleseraHHofi>> n JlosAose.

Ho n ro onacHo. I4cxauAepy ror'IbKo noAaii nporl'lBHlKa'Bo3paxaTeJltl - oH H[qero Apyrofo H He XeJlaer' - 3aTO

KaKoBa 6yaer pacnPara!.<He nprannircs-,ru HaM 3a uero?>>-Borlpouar <<Ko,'to'

KO,'I>> IIpO OqepeAHOlO HenpHqTer'Ifl"' ll <<npI4HI4MailCf>'

Bsq,'Icq 6uno xaxoii-ro xasuerflpllcr onpaBAblBarb no-l

flaBtrlfix s <<KoroKor>>, fepueu 3aMerHJI:<<Huqero He Mo)Ker 6slrs xapnxarypHee qI'lHoBHHKa' npn'

6erarcurero K tracHocrl{, - ql'IHoBHI'IKa' STolo BonrolreHHq

KaHUeJ'IffpCKOit rafiusI, uerlora I'I MOJIr{aHbfl... pu6e JIoBqee

Ha cyxoM rlecKe, qeM eMy c fiepoM B pyKe' He nepeA 3epua-JroM, a flepeA ly6.nnxoil - TaM KaKyIo faJluMarbn HI'I fil'llrlu,nuurr, 6ul oHa 6lt,ra HaIIHCaHa Tfl)KeJIbIM' KaHUeJIflpCKI'IM

' r3brKoM, Bce ulllro I{ KpbITo, a ryr KaKori-nn6yar <<MoJIoKo-

coc> rpo3HT narbueM I'I cMeeTcq B rra3a...>>llrirarcrcq 6paru cJIoBo I{ qIlHbI loBbllrle' fepueu HM Ha-

noMHHT: <<CeHaropu t't soo6u{e caHoBHHKH 6unIl Ao Hacrol-

IIIefo BpeMeH a_ilrHfr xop, 06 e_pcccfifrcKofo, fl,.B ero rpficyr r-BHe C HUMr.r He cMeJr[ FopopHTb-H]iKTO, KpOMe paBHbrx noqLIHy, a Tet\r Her{efo 6lt,no cxaeaTb)).

p tr3 AyxoBHofo cocJroBHrr -6oxecreeFruocrr HMrteparop-3pRAHbrx: <Uapb nMeer eAHrr-BeqecrBe... Ilapu aaa poccau

ecTb TaKaf cTtrxnfl, KoTopolo oHa xHBeT H ,UbtIIHT...>>.

_ A fepueH orB€rHr'u <iBr.rsaHrLrficKoMy pacr,,reHHoN{y pa-6onenurc nan,o6uo 6tr.no npoiirr4... cKBo3b Ayruy pyccKoroIOIIOBI,IqA, BbIII]CAIIIENO B qHHOBHbIC MHP'IHC, U HACbITHTbC'In geft BcervrH ratrocrtrt\tu noapncul{Ka H'BCeMH Mep3ocrrrMHKaHueJIfptIH, r{To6bl Hlr3BepfHyTbct TaKHM JIHBHeM nOrr4Oes!

Mu se 3HaeM... 3peruu1a 6onee rHycHoro, 6o.nee orBpa-THTeJrbHoro, KaK Bo3BeAeHr4e padcrea B HaAKA:3To ra floc-JIenH'.fl CTeneHb HpaBcrBeHHofo IIaneHr]q, nepell xoropofiod'IeAHrtoT B3flTKH, TeJIeCHbIe HaKa3aHilfl,, KperlocTHoe cocTo-lffHLIe...)).

9uc.lo JrHTeparopoB, BJracrb npocr'raBJrflrourlrx u oao6-psrcu1lrx, craro 3HaqarerbHo 6o.nuurniu. r{eM flDH noxoftuolrfiMneparope. Huxo'rrah I npennouuran, qro6sl'aoo6u1e ,ru-reparypbl 6sr.no nonaeHb[re H Aaxe 6"rlaroHaMepeHHbrM pe-qaM npeAnoqHTaJI 6,rarouauepeHHoe Mor'lrlaHHe.

floc,re 1855 roaa MHofue MoJrqaflbnuKr, 3aroBopr4r'rlt<<fl3blKoM' ,runpefiusrt'l>>. <<Ctuguo BaM, - nHcaJ't lepueH, -Bbr Bclo )KI,t3Hb ModlqaJIH OT CTpaxa lepeA B,.'tacTbK), noMoJI-qHre )Ke cKoJlbKo-HH6yAt or crpaxa 6y4vu1r.rx yrpsrseuuftcoBecrr,r>>. Koe-xono yaa,'rocb cHoBa o6parurs B r{oflrlaHhe.He <<crpaxolr 6yayurnx yrpuaeuufi>, a crpaxoM <<Ko.,lo-KOJI a>).

Knqss IOpuft lo.nnquH orrr{ca,'r oAHa}KAbr fepueuy aeft-crBne efo pacnpaB: < r.

Torsxo Ba[rr.I Ka3HH-crparrrHee, c Qr.r3r.tqecxoft cMeprr.IK)crblA AJrfl qeJroBeKa oKaHr{trBaercrr, a noAnaertrHri noa sarxnpuroBop HMeeT 3aBnAHoe yAoBo,'rbcTBr.re flepex(r]BaTb cBoK)co6crneuuyto cMeprb, ocraBarbcs MopaJrbnbrM rpynou!>.

66

I TafiHue cyuutuvta (xet.)

Cau A.nexcaHap II noHLIMaJI, qro ero MoJIoAuan He fieipe3BoHHTb ,,KonoxoJt>> LI Bce MeqraJI o qeM-To <<coJIItAHoM>

nporHB <<,roHAoHcKoro Koportt>> (rax uHorAa uueHoaa,ru Fep-ueHa B <<BbrcoKlx c$epax>). f aflqrficu H HHbte HaAelKAbI:iloaKynHrb, frpr4pyqHrb. flepo fepueHa, nycrb aaxe He Boc-xBaJrflForuee, Ho xorfl 6tt <<ue BbtxoaRUree 3a H3BecrHbte npe-AeJrbr>, yKpennro 6sl pexuu r)'qure rblcsr{ x{aHAapMoB I'l\BOHHCK}IX KOMAHA.

Kro-ro ua Apyeeft, N{ox{er 6urs, TypreHeB, I{apucoBaJlfepueHy raKyIo clreHy, npoucxoAuBtuyrc Ha <<BepuuHax lte-rep6ypncxr.rx)> H nonaBlxyp noroM e <(Ebtroe H AyMbt>>:

<<Coger. o6ecnoxouJrcfl 14 KaK-To... xe"ueliHo noroJtKoBar,rax 6sl yHflrb <<Ko.noxo.n>>. EecxopucrHufi MypaBbeB coBe-roBaJr notrKyrrxrb MeHn; )KHpaQ s auapeescxoti .neure, fIa-Hr{H, npeanoquTaJI cMaHI4Tb Ha clyx<6y. fopuaxoe, urpaB-ruuft uexay gTrrrvrH <<MeprBblM14 AyluaMH>> po.nt MHxyena,ycoMHr4Jlcf e rtroeft npoaalKHocrl.l ll cIIpocn,r flaguna:

- I(axoe )Ke Iuecro Bbr npeaJlaraere euy?

- IIouor{HHKa crarc-ceKperapfl .

- Hy, B noMourHr.rKu crarc-ceKperapfl oH He nofi,u,er,-orBeqaJr fopvaxos, t.l cyAr6u <<Ko.noxo,ra>> 6st.ntl npeAocraB'JreHbr BoJIe 6oxueft>.

Eun .nu pa3foBop AocJIoBHo raKHM - HeLI3BecrHo' HononbrrKr,r <<aa6pocnrr yao.rKy>, noMhpHTbcs 6ut,rn. B as.rycre l86l roaa 6apoH (DLtpxc, QuHaHcoauft aresr pyccKo-ro rrpaBHre,'rbcrBa e Eprcccele, o6partr.ncn x fepueHy crrttcbMoM noA nceBAoH14MoM IlIeno-Oepporn, r,u,e, BocxBaJlrfleto rar'taHT, ytoBapHBaJl LJlfl <<6nara Poccl.tl.t>> HanaAarb He

Ha <<Jil{qHocrr.t>>, a Ha <<yqpex(AeHllfl>>, npHToM He raK pe3Ko.3ro 6u.na 3aByarHpoBaHHas npocl6a ttaHI.IHbIx, MypaBbe-'eux, urHarbeBbrx - He 3aaeBarb, He rporarb nx. BHIroearH-JLe <<yqpexaeHHfl>>.

He gHaq, xro raxoft llleao-Oepporu, fepueH orBerHJIeMy, qro <<npaBllTerbcrBo ... cKBepHo yrll.trcr. Mu se BepHMB Her-o 6olrrute>>.

IIIycrpsrfi @npxc ycrpeMLIJIcs K HHrIM Aeficrnuru, a IIIorAereHlte cra,ro roroBl,rrb Hoeblii c]oprIpH3. B JIouAos Ha-rrarn npuxoanTb nlicbMa yrpolKarculne, e.no6uble, aHottHM-uue. <<Eft 6ory, HaaoeJro, - oro3BaJlcs fepueu n <Ko"rot<o-Jre>.-B noc.neAHeM rucbMe (6pomeHHoru Ha no'{re s JIoH-Aone) cnupenufi 6esHI',tqHHLIx o6euraer nAcrurb ilHe nAnrce tto6... 3ro Hs pyK BoH cKyqHo, nu4ylrlaftre uro-Hu6yAs ytrl'.Hee, HoBoe, Apyroe, E ecJlr.r B caMoM Aene HenpeMeHHo Hy)K-

67

Ho <nycrr.rrb MHe nyJrro B 106>>, nycKaftre ee 6ee nncsrua...I IOyIIHTeCb, KaK nopqAOr{Hbre JTIOAT.I CTpe,'rqIOT>>. OrneqasI|a Apyroe <<IIocraHHe>>, fepqeH sAOSnro 3aMeqaeT: <o6U_JrHe pyraTeJrbcTB TaK HeBO3Aep)r{Ho, qTo fl Haqr.rHaro Ay_MaTb, qTo 3TLt I]I,ICbMa coquHeHbl l4ltlt B MOHacTbIDe lIJrH BKOHCHCTOpT.TH>>.

- B_ue4pax III orAe,renr4s po)KAaercs, KoHeqHo, H MbrcJrbo6 y6nftcree viltr noxauleurn. B XVIII nexe, 6unaJro, yBo.3t4ntr4 B Pocczro uapeBnqa Anexces H,'rr4 KHqx(Hy Tapaxino-ey. IIosxe He pa3 Hacr.rJrbHo B03BpaxraJrr.r peBoJrroqr4oHHbrx3 pe N,repbr r lepueHy AoJrro Hep a. Balr4y HexBarKH ca,rr, npr4-X IBEHHOM MHCHI'H>>.

OAsaxo oceHbro l86l roaa rrprMbre pacrtoprr)KeHafl o Ha,naAeHHH, BrlAHMo, 6n.nt 4aHn. l0 oxrq6pq yrpoM fepue_Hy npr.rHecJrr.r nncr,Mo Hjl 0paHuyscr(oM s3brKe ras llerep6yp_ra, nocJraHHoe r{epe3 Eensrurc ta rloAnr.rcaHnoe <Heldee-cr-uufi 4pyr>>: <<Tperse orAeJreHne roroBHT nonbrrKv noxHTHTbBac, vtJltl, ecJru gro nosaAo6zrcr, y6urt. Pap,u 6ora, He no-xn!,afile AHlrrlro, HHKyAa He yea>raftre a 6yAsre xpaftueocropoxHbr...>>. Taroe )Ke npeAynpe)KAeHr.re Arq nepeAarrufepueny roJryqr{Jrr{ TypreHea w 6anxup Poruru,nr4 l.'

109-ri <KonoKoJr>> BbrueJr l5 oxrn6pl co 3HaMeHi{rbrMorKpbrrbrM nr.rcbMoM pyccKoMy nocr'ry e JIouAoHe - <<EpyrtrH Kacczl.t III orae,les'L1g>>,- rAe coo6uad'rocb o nor'rvr{eH.HoM npeAynpelKAeHr.r[: <<rax4uft BoJroc, xoropufi ynaier croJroBbr ntoeri, na4er Ha pyccKoe npaBr,rreJrbcrBo, cKalryr,uro A.uexcau4p HuxoJlaesur{ BbltrltnHyI>>, - HacMeurJl.tBoAoKa3brBaJr fepueH, Lr, H31eBaflcb HaA KopoHoBaHrrbrrvr npo-TLIBHT{KoM, 3aMeqaJr: <<.tl He Bepro, qro6 ou aro npr.rKa3aJr...fl 6n ne cAeJIaJI 3Toto Hr.r B KaKoM cryr{ae. !,a sro r{ He Befo xapaKrepe H He B rpaAHur{u r.rMneparopcKoro AoMa.._f oqeul xopouo 3Halo, 6apou, r{To oHH HHofAa yqacrBoBa-JrH B ycKopeHnn nyreft flpfipoAbr, B [peABapeHuu ecrecrBeniHOrO TeqeHUfl Eeil -

Ho 3TO AeJTaJIOCb B CaMOM I,IIiTI,IMHOM,3aAyueBHoM Kpyry, Me>KAV xeHoii rr Mylr(eM, cbrHoM n orrr{oM2. f se sacroJrbKo 3HaKou c A,lexcaHApoM Hl,txoraeeu.rreM, .rro6rt cqlTa'rb ce6q BrrpaBe Ha raKoe poACr.BeHHoe BHLIMaHI{e n Ha raKVn 6an,ts.rtssosocrb>.

I B 6asre PorrutlrAa xpaHfiJrucb 4eurru fepqeua.- l Hauex Ha ponb ExarepnHu II a y6uficrn6 ee r,ryxa, flerpa III,

u Aaexcan,qpa I a y6nftcrse ero orua, flaera I.

68

3ro nucruo 6u.tto nepeneqaraHo B Aecnrxax enponefi'cKr.rx ra3er. O seu roBopI'IJIIT rIoBcIoAy' fepuen cHoBa B3IJI

Bepx.- CrHxaltu Orapena <<Konoxon>> o6tssnsr, qro

... oH ryaerb He flepecraHeT,floxa - cnYfHYB HotIHbIe cHbI -Pocctls 6oapo ue BocnpflHerZe xo,'tst6elrnoft ruunHuH rpenxo Ha Hotlt He BcraHer,I,I Henooutsncro cMe,Ta -Hauuer-ropxecrBeHllo u crPoftuo,C cosnasueu ao6"1ecrfi cnorofiuofi,3soHI.Irr Bo Bce KoJ'IoKoJra.

V 6atn repuoA, KorAa BIIZcrrl orpoMHoft HMnepuu pacre'pqrltcb H oTcTy[Hr'IH.

MnHucrp HapoAHoro npocBelueHl-tq foroel,IH B HaqaJIel862 roaa 3anpocua ureQa >xaH4apMoB H MHHI{crpa QnuaH-coB <<KaKue I\,repbI oHH COrITyr HeO6XOALIMbIMLI IIpnIIflTb AJIflnpeAyrrpelKAelr4s, fpoMaAHofo BBo3a <<KOnOXOna> B <(POC-

curc?> Mnurcrpu orBerI,IJla, qTo <<Bce Bo3Mox(HbIe Me'pbr EJrfl Aocrlrx(eHr.Is 3Toft IIeJILI IIpIIHsrbI I]... '3a cHM

OHI'I He npH3HaIOr BO3MO)KHr,IM ilpI'IAyMaTb qTO-HI'I6yAb

Apyroe>.Tonrxo pacnpaBliBrxucb c qararerqMr.r lepuena s car{ori

Poccrzl.r, uapr.{3M Mof paccr{HrblBarb Ha ycnex.Jlerolr H oceHbro l86l roaa <<peBo,ItrcIIHoHHan reMnepa-''

Typa> B crpaHe 6ura lraxculrra.nrsoft. Ho peeo,'ttoql{oHHaflcr.rryarlnfl He neperxJra B peBoJrloulrn. Konrurer <<Be,rnropyc-c?)), o6paayrcularca <<3eN,I.[q ]I,r Bo,rlq>>, f epIIeH, Orapen,9epulrurencxuil, Cepno-Co,rossesav, Eaxyuuu, O6pyuee, ne-cKoJIbKO Tbrcsq qfirarenefi <<conpeueHHHKa)> I-{ <<KoroKo-JIa>> - clr.na 6onrnraff, Ho A.[t! no6eAbl HeAocraroqHaq. Crofi cropoHbl - AaBHo cJro)KHB[Iagcq, olbITHaq u 6ecno-uIaAHas opraHLI3aquq: caMoAepxaBHoe rocyAapcrBo. cerofi - se 6u.lro cflroqeHHoro peBoJrrourloHHoro KJIacca,cuoco6Horo rroBecrr.r KpecrbrH, BpatH >Ke rlpeAcraBrqruKpenKr.rfi, 6orarufi, AaBHo n,racrnynulufi KJIacc 3eMJIeBJIa-

AeJrbIIeB-ABopan. OnpaBLIBIIIHcb or nepBoro ncnyra, HeyBe-

69

Ka6pq I86l ro,aa, s 26-10 foAoBruuHy aexa6pnc.rcr*oroBoccTaHltg, yxoAnr Ha KaTopry, uro6u HuKorAa c Hee HeBepHyrbcfl.

fepueH r-HesHofi crarleri, Orapen crnxorBopeHueM npo*cTHnrrcb c ToBapr.rueM:

JIO ABTOPAM JIHCTOBKI4 UEHOBCKHC C.[O-na ue <<6unoro H AyM aere, or Koto tIKofo 3aBHcnr 6y4yu1n ?

Or xoro?Kax or xono? ...Aa or Hac c aeilu, HanpgMep. Kax xe

nocne 3roro cJro)KHTb HaM p1'xr.r!>.flonnuan, qro nt4uyr <<cBoH>, r{ro raKHe xpaftHlle qvs_

crBa nopo)KAaJra ca,va Bflacrb, fepueH, rlepusrurencwui w

{Pyrue peBoJIrolluoHepbl Bce }Ke ct{HTa,'l}.r, rtro B <<Mo,,ionol:iPoccHrl> xBar{eHo uepes xpaii>>, qro ralafl nporpaMMa or-

.nyfHeT HapoA Lt rtTo, HaKOHeu, npaBHTed'rbcTBo HeflpeMeHHorcnonb3yer ee AJrr penpeccufi.

70

Blacrn BHaqaJre Bcepbe3 nepenyraJlllcb - Be,rlb JIrIcroB.xa o6rqsnsna ce6q roJlocoM <<L{eHrpanuHofo petsonouHoH-Horo KoMurera>>. Ha caMoM xe AeJIe <Mc.no,[yto PoccHto>HanucaJr cryAeHr ll. f. 3auqHescxrft e Taepcxofi nonuueft.cxofi qacra n Mocxee, r,u,e oH cHAeJl no ApyroMy aeny. flpo-KJraMaur,rq 6u"na ornpaBJreHa Arfl flerraraHtfl ... qepe3 qa.coBoFo.

t{epes uecxonrxo Asefi BcnbrxHyJrr{ orpoMHbre nerep-6yprcxre no)Kapbr. fopo,u 3aropeJlcs Bo MHofHx Mecrax; ro-perLt AepeBfHHbre cTpoeHllR, fycTo HaceJIeHHbre KBapTaJIbI,pbrHKr.r, rocyaapcrBeHHbre yqpex(,u,elrnn. fopen 6o.nuurofi no-

lpOA, KaK rOpeJIH Ll [pe]KAe I{ nO3)Ke MHOIUe pyccKHe ropoAa.Hyxuufi noeoA!fl p a e ure.n ucrBo HeMeAJr eHHo 3 aqBr.rJr o, lITo 3a)Kr.rf areJILI

cBrr3aHbl c <<Mo.noAofi Poccueft>>. <<lnasHbrM 3axxrareJreM>6H.[ o6rqsren A. 14. lepueH. <<floxapu, - AoKraAbrBaJr no3-xe uaprc MHHr.rcrp BHyrpeHHr.rx 4en Banyee,- nocJryxr.rJrltnoBoAoM K npnHflrlllo HoBbIx Mep AJrs orpa)KAeHHq o6uecr.eeHHofi 6e3onacuoctn>>.

lB rr,Iaq 1862 roaa co3,[aHa oco6aq cJre.u,crBeHHafl KoMrlc.cng. Bo rJraBe rrocraB,'reH ror cauur:i fonHuttu, xoroprtii n1834 u 1835 roaax cyAr4n fepueHa u Orapeea.

27 uan Bce rr.rrorpaQuu or4aHbr noA 4sofinoft saA3opTIOJIHUHIZ.

6 utoss 3aKpbIBarorca nerep6yprcKr.re HapoAHbre rrurad'rb-HH H IUaxr\1aruufi rc.ny6.

l0 ulong 3aKpbrBalorcl Bce BocKpecHble IIKoJIbI, JII,IK-Br.r,[Hpyercq o6uecrgo noMoxIH 6eAHurrl cryAeHTaM; I..Jrflr{reHr.rfl ny6.nuuHsrx nexunfi a flerep6ypfe BrrpeAb rpe6yer-c9 pa3petueHHe MHHr4cTpa npocBer.leHuq, M]4HlrcTpa BHyT-peHHHx aeJr, HarraJrbHtrKa III orAeneut,ts x nerep6yprcxororeHepan-ry6ep Haropa.

l5 Hrous )KypHaJrbr <<ConpeueuHfiK>> n <<Pyccxoe cJroBo>3aKpbrBarcTcs ua 8 MecflueB...

Bcxope rflxerbre Becrn Aocriinaror .IloH.u,osa. <<Ko.rro.KoJr>) orBeqaer craruefi fepueua <<Mo.[oAaq ll crapaa Poc-CHfl>.

<<Monotryro Pocctlo>> oH cquTaer oruu6xofi, Ho BIIAHT B

Hefi <<caflToe HerepneHne... Tocxy olKHAaHHfl ... Bsr Hac cqllrTaeTe oTcTaJIbtMH, Mbt He cep,tltlMcg 3a 3TO, u ec,'Iu oTCTaJIHoT Bac B MHeHurx, To He orcraJrH cepaueM - a ceplue aa-er raxr...> 3a <<crapoft Poccueft>>, <noxnnofr Poccueip-uuxaxoii npanoru!

B Flerep6ypre-reppop, apecrbr, rrs6neHHq. B xaxAou'CTyAeHTe LIJIH rIeJ'IOBeKe, IIOXO)KeI! Ha CTyAeHTa, nOAO3peBa-,rcT <3 aXI{f aJIb[IHKa>>.

<Haronari BocKpecel>- nHrrrer fepueH. <Koloxo.n> cnpa.IIIHBaer oAHH, BTopoft, rperaft, qerBepTblfi, 4ecRrsrft pia:<l Ae 3a)KHrarerH/>>.

<<3axHrarerefi gHe IoJrI{IIHI,I He HaIIIJTT{, a B noJII{ul,iH HelIcKaJIl,t>>, - HaMeKaror He JIouAoHa Ha npaBI{TeJrbcrBeHHyrolrpoBoKaqurc. Ho snacrb Merr.rJra Aa.nexo. <<3a>rurarelr.r>6ulu xogr,lpeM B ir!-pe c ;lu6epa.tauu. Te yxe ycfleJrn He-ua,ro npu6Jrr{3r.rTbcfl K lrp aBriTeJIbcTBeHHbII\.[ o6tqrrsl\a. Te-:nepb cpa3y yBepoBaJrH B C,r.parxHbrx <<peBoJrroqxoHepoB-3a_x(l,Irar'IbIIIHKoB>>. <<r{yrxoe qyBcrBo caMocoxpaHeHI,tq,_yAoB"'rerBopeHHo nr.rcaJr MHHHcrp Banyea, - nos6yAano Apy-rre.. qyBcrBa, KoropbrM cregoBaJro 6tr npo6yar,rrbcs paHeen,taficxux rox{aDoB>>.

llI sor nanor'ue [pe]KHLIe rroKJroHHHKH lepueua, aKTr.IBHbIeKOppeCnOHAeHTbI << Ko,'IoKoJr a >> ]r)Ke <<1OH11M arOT>> r{ <<Olo6px-roT>> rrpaBHTeJrbcrBeHHbre Mepbr.

Jlu6epa,ru BJrnqreJrbHbr. B ux pyKax fleqarb, yHrtBepcu-TercKrie xaQe4pu. flpexuee BoJrbHoAyMcrBo cosAaJro r]May4wropr4lt, [onyJrflpHocrs. Paspue c Hr.rMr,r yMeHbrxur rH-pax, HuQopMaur-rrc <<Koloxona>>. FIo caun .nu6epanbr cAe-na.[H sH6op MexAy <<HucnpoBeprare,rreM nopqAKa>> r{ <<ca-MltM nopqAxou>>. I4 <<Ko,'roxon>> AaBHo yxe eu6paJr ]re)KAy<<My)KHKaMLr>> U <<CeHaTopaMH>>, Me)KAy npoTecTyroulrM cTy-AeHroM H AoHocflrrluu npoQeccopoM, 6yAu ro B npouJroMeAr.rHoMbrrr,'reHrrHK Hr'rr.r Apyr: <<...MexAy HaMr.t l{ 6rreunr\,rll6nuexuMn ,'rroAbMH e Mocxse Bce oKoHr{eHo... lloseneHseI(opnreri, I(eruepa... TaKoBo, qro Mbr nocraBr.rJrr{ HaA Hr.tMHKpecr n cqr.rraeM HX BHe cyqecrByrourux. Crarsro 3ry r Ha-nr.IcaJr co c,'re3aMn, Ho, KaK 30 ner roMy Ha3aA, xax 20 ...xax 10 ... ecrb AJrff MeHfl cBsrbrHu Aopo)Ke JrHrI>>.

llocrenesno orxoAHT Typrenen. )/3uan, rrro KaBerHH ro-xe roBopilT I1I nl{rxeT <<rro-HoBo]vry>>, lepueH, xoropuii c Ht4Me Aaerreft apyx6e H nepenncKe, oro3BaJrcfl: <<f cxopoHr{Jrf pauoncxoro MarepuaJrbHo, r cxopoHH"rr ( (erue) pa H((op)ua

-nclrxnqecxn, Typ (reuen) Abrrxr.{r Ha ila1,aH - \r

Ko BceMy 3roMy AoalKeH npr{xopor{Hrs re6s. Ho sroro s HeC.IICJIAIO MOJIqA>),

llpannrelrcrBo Me>KAy reM coBcer\{ He Hcqep[aro ce6s<[porr.rBorroxapHbrMn MeDaMH>. C6uearocr npeApKa3aHrae<<Pyccxoro rIeJroBeKa>) o6 AnexcagApe, noKa3hrBaroqeM (Ht{-

72

fioJraeBcKr{e gy6br>. lloc.ne uIoHbcKHx 3anperoB - nloJrbcKueapecrbr.

,25 utons 1862 roaa He JIoH.[,oHa g Pocglro BbtexaJr cJrv-:xaunfr oaHofo us nerep6ypfcKHx ropnoBbrx aoMoB n.,4. ts-e-TorrrHHKoB. lepueu, Koropofo oH rrocerr.rJr HaKaHyHe, npa-BHJrbHo paccyAr.rJr, qro cJry)Kaurvil, na eu{e e3auBrrJHfi e AH-fJIl{rc no AeJraM, IlIeHbIIle BceFo cnoco6es gauHreDecoBarbpyccKyro flor'rrualo. BerouruuxoB oxorHo corracnJrcf B3flTbnHcbMa fepueHa, Orapena, 6axyauua, Kenscneea. Ho sTOT Ber{ep o,a,HHrlr Hs rocreri B repqeHoBcKoM AOMe 6Un runu-on III or,rler'reHr.rs.' Ha pyccxofi rpaHnue BerousnxoBa BcrperuJru xaHnap-rr,rsr. tlepea HecKoJrbKo AHefi oausHaAuarb nepexBaqeHHbrxnr.rceM H3yqa-4Hcb cneuuaJlbHbrr\,m quHoBHHKaMH Ill orae_

Eucrpo noHrrB, qro coKpaueHHble cJIoBa oggaqarcr <<Co-BpeMeHHHK>) u <<tlepHrrrtrencxufi>>, III or,[eJreHHe orAaer

llrtropeHKo, Ha.[6aHAqH, llerponcxtfi, B,raaHN,tHpos, Ae_'Ipaaepce H rpyrue. Bcxope cJreAcrBeH'Hafl KoMHccns Haqr,r.Haer 3anoJrHrrb rpy3Hbre roMa npoqecca 32 tuu, <<o6sullqe.MbIX B CHOuJEHHqX C JIOHAOHCKI.IMI4 NPONAfAHAHCTAMH>>.

Aeno 9epHuurescKoro BbraeJreso oco6o. B re xe .u,Hr.rapecT.oBaH H OTnpaBJteH Ha qeTblpe roaa B KpenocTb TZJraHT.nunefiunfi pyccxr.rfi ny6.nlruucr n. V. fiucapea.

<Konoxo.n>>, coo6ullts o6 apecrax, HaaoJlro 3aMorqar o

flornHy.nucb Mecflubr, fo,[bl cnercrnnft, .(onDocoe. Brr-Aepx(trBaror He Bce. llerponaaloBcKafl Kpenocrb JroMaer Aa-

6 H. ,{. ofileluran 73

xe coBceM He c,[a6bre Harypbr. Hexoropue paccKa3brBarorBce, qro 3Haror, BbrAarcr ronapuuleft. CxoAnr c ylra Ae-Tpanepce, yMl.{paer Heuanopeuxo.

3aro uacrepcKn 3ax{Huraercs Huxonaft Cepno-Co"losre-nu\. C6usaer c ro,'rKy cyaefi rr nor'rrlqllrc, JroBKo 3aMeraerCJIC.U,bI, COI{HHflET .TI,'II,IHHbIE, 3ANYTAHHbIC HCTOPHI,I, OTBOA'noAo3peHurr or roBapr.rttleft. Cepuo-CoronresHq, oAr.rH H3tJraBHbIX u nocrorHHbrx KoppecnoHAeHToB, y6exla.n cyAeli,qro <<ycrponrb nocrornsuii c6ur <<Ko.noxo.na>> s Poccnra He-Bo3MolKHo>>, qro <<ecJ'rH 6t't r.ns. cyurecrBoBaHHq <<KoroKora>>seo6xoarvsl 6suu nocroflHHbre KoppecnoHAeHrbr, oH He Mor6al us!,asatbcs, IIoroMy r{To, cKoJIbKo MHe H3BecrHo, fep-ueH Hr4Korlla He Mor y6eAurl HII oAHoro qeroBeKa B3qrbHa ce6q rpyA rrocroqHHor-o coo6uleHss t{3secruii>.

Or Cepno-CoJroBbeBLrqa rpe6yrcr no,lpo6uux ttoKa3a-ullft; ott o6rqcHqer cBoI{ B3rJIsAbI, KaK LI [pe)KAe, - Ha cBo-6oAe, - rr.rruer nucbMo 3a nHcbMoM uaplo, yrBeplKAaq, qroero He 3a gro cy.tl.rirb, KpoMe KaK ga.nrc6onr K pon,uHe I.I rITo

oceo6oAr.rrr ero B LIHTepecax npaBI{TeJIbctna, H60 <<npe-

cr't€AoBaTb s PoccuH peBoJlloquoHHble MblcJlLt 3HarIHT co'3AaBaTb IIX>.

Koraa xe [apb pacnopnAl.IJlcs ocno6ox.u,arb H,'In cMflr-qarb yqacrb rex, xro 6yaer <<coAeilcreoearl o6Hapy)KeHRK)3JloyMbrrxJreuuft yraaauHeM cBoltx coo6ursttxon>>, CepHo-Co-JroBbeBr.{q norpe6oea.n, vto6lt BbtnycruJl14 I4 ero, u6o no4po6-Ho paccKa3ag o ce6e fi cBoax MbtcJlsx, oH TeM cavstv o6l-tcHlr,'r AyMbI r{ nocTyrrKr.r Tblcqq .nrcAefi, To ecTb <<BbIAaJI co-o6ulHttxos>>.

Taxofi <</Iep3ocrll>> exr,e He cJIbIxaJII{ B [apcKl'rx cyAax.IloacyAuuufi cau yAJIHHrer ce6e eu{e Her3BecrHblft cpox3 AKJIIOqCH14'I.

CepHo-ConoBbeBLIqa cnpauHBalor o fepueue u Orapene.OH se x(ed'laer raxe rrq co6crBeHHoro cnaceHllq fiJloxo oro-3BaTbcq o HLIX I,I, noHHMafl, r{TO oIIflTb yxyAlxaer cBoloyrracrb, rIH[Ier: <C fepueHou u OrapeBblM fl no3HaKoMiz,r-cs s JIoHAose, B Poccl.ttt,3tafl o HHx 6o.nlure no c,ryxaM, n6rr,r npeay6exaes npornB Hux. 3a rpauuuefi, IJI'Iras I{xcepbe3Hbre coqr.lHeHlls, qacro HaxoAHJI rau geo6slKHoBeH-

Hyro rny6rzHy MbrcJlH... JIuqHoe 3HaKoMcrBo rlpeacraBnJlouHe fepueua u Onapeea B HoBoM cBere. fl ynu4gn, qro 3ToHe yBireKalou'Hecq rrotvr 14 ue Qauaruxu- Vlx MHeHI'lq BbIpa-6orasu pa3MbIrxJIeHHeM, il3yI{eHHeM H xI,I3Hblo: Tal{ofo po-Aa MHeHI.IS BcefAa 4o6pocoeecrnbl H H3MeHrlorcs, KaK cKo-

71

po HI\t AOKa3aHa LIX OIXH60qHOCTb. BCe UeCqaCTbe 3TI'rX JrrO-

Aefi B roM, qro oHn AoJr)KHbr rll{carb 3a npaHr.rueft. CavoegaAyureBHoe x{eJtar{He r.rx BepHyrbcq e PoccHlo... 9eu MeHb-rrle HaAexA Ha 3To, no o6uleuy xoAy AeJr, Ter{ cHJrbHee cra:HoBHTcs Hx pa3ApaxeHne H KaK rrarpnoroB E KaK nroAefi-..VeHag Hx JrHqHo, TpyAHo He orAarb crrpaBeAJrr.tBocrLI l,Ixcepbe3HoMy yMy H 6ecxopucruori .lrc6ea r Pocclllr, xorq 6Hr.r He pa3Aenrr Lrx vsenzft...>>.

Ho u sa raKue roKa3aHuq CepHo-Co,rroBbeBr.rqy HeJroBKofiepeA cBor.rMr.t Apy3brM]r. OH rzuler H HaxoAHT Bo3Mo]KHocrbHanrrcarb fepueHy u Orapeay H3 Kperrocrz. MoxHo npeA-craBHTb, xax 6st.nl.t B3BoJIHoBaHbI H oIIeqaJ-reHbI JIoHnoHcKueI{3fHaHHHKtr, nOJlyr{HB nocJraHHe xax 6u c <<Tofo cBeTa), Lt3flerpona e"noscxoft:

<<f nrc61rc Bac, KaK nlo6un, nrc6nrc Bce, qro nto6ul, ue-HABI,I)KY BCC, qTO HCHABI,IAC!rI, HO BbI AOBOJIbHO 3HAilN MCHg.qro6u 3Harb Bce 3ro. Molor H3prAHo KoJ'rorHT, Ho os 6setHe creKJ'ro. Jlvrur 6u $usuxa Br,rHecJra. Haruu AHH nprdAyreu,e...

Aara 6y4er, Ho Ao,'rlKHo co3perb.Bac o6suualo TaK KpenKo, KaK ToJIbKo yMelo, H Bo3JIa-

eT BCe.,,

ca :'1.1:.": T.1lt'A[IUH, rIeCT-HE

IOHbIM, AEB.cTBeHHbrM CepAUeM, qTO UX MOIKHO Bpa3yMaTb, oH qeJroBe_qCCKHM fl3bIKOM TOByMep B l4pxyrcxe, l":;?#"iJ*;i.HHx Ka3eMar... 3ro r4x oeceHHux npo.B03BECTHI,IKOB HOBOT

.- Heuuoro paHblxe Ce-pno-Co;loBbeBr.rqa yrxeJr Ha KaropryHrxolafi faepu"noeuu Llepuuruencxuft. Cylunrxue He li1i"Jrrrcb Hrrqero H, He AoKa3aB o6nnuenufi, Ho crrpaBeAnHBo !ra.AbrBar oAHoro H3 rJraBJrbIX CBOITX BparoB, xecTor(o c HhMpaCnpaBHnLICb.

HurrO He Mof orKpblro cKa3arb xorb cJIoBo nporecra.,fl,eeyurxa, 6pocunuran tlepHrtruencxoMy uBerbl, JIHreparop,Kp r-r K H y B rxI.I ft << fl p oq a fi T e ! >>, 6 lt,u l.l cx B a r{ e II bl.

Ho <<KonoxoJl>> cKa3aJI 3a Bcex: <Aa naAer npoKJIarueMsro 6esvepHoe snoAeftcrBo Ha npaBHTeJlbcrBo, Ha o6uecr-Bo, Ha noAJIyo, ttoAI(ynHylo )Kyprtarucrr'rxy... A ryr )KaJIKHe

fl IOAr,t, JlloAI,I-Tp aB a, JIloALl-cJI n3Hff KU tOBOp tlr, qTo He c,leAy-er 6paHu'rr ery uraftxy pas6ofirtlxoB 'H HefoAfleB, KoropalynpaBJrfler Hauu!..- -LIepHsrurescxufi

6H.n satuu BblcraBJIeH x cron6y Ha r{er'Beprb qaca

- a Bbt, a Poccltg Ha cKoJ'IbKo rer ocraHerecbflplzBfl3aHHbttun x Heilty?

fIpoxnarue BaM, rtpoKJtflTbe - H, ecJII{ Bo3Mo}KHo'

uecrr!>flpox"nrrse I4crto,'IHI'tJIocb r{epe3 ABa rloKofleHus. He ror-

Aa s 60-x roAax.Haa,exArr H.a HapoAl{oe BoccraHlre He c6lteaJl}Icb. Fleua-

BrrAr cBoux <<oceo6oalzreleri>, KpecrbtlHHH Aor)KeH 6sl'n npu-

H?rMarb <<oceo6olKAeHlte>>. Otr HH'lero He 3Ha!'l o'rex, KTo

ueJl 3a Hero Ha Karopry. <Hauru xeprBbl I'lcKynfleHrlfl., -c fopeq.blo rttica,l <l(o,roro,rr, - Ao,'llKHbl BblHecrLI .[BoilHoe

Myr{eHuqecrBo: oHu He craHyr Hapoauoft nereuAofi'.. Hapo,u

HX He 3Haer, Her - xy)Ke, oH 3Haer i'lx 3a aBopflH' 3a Bpa.-

rog. OH He xa,'leer HX, oH He xoqer fix x<eprBbt"' Teusoft

Hoqblo, n xoropoft ero BocnHTa,'lH, oll roroB, Kal( Bert'IKaH B

cKa3Ke, nepe6arl cBolIX Aereft, rloroMy qro Ha HI.{x qy)I(oe

n"rl aTbe>>.TCM.

rnyc-)KI.{TCeHue.,

qro BbI 6"qaroc,'Iosrqere ero>>.

A noxa, He AocqfiTblBatlcb MHoll'lx' cMbIKaJII'l pqrbl yue'

JleBrlue. <Konoxo.rl>> AoJI)KeH BblxoAl-lrb n 6yler Bblxoal4Tb'

Ho renepl, fiocJle rlo)KapoB H pacflpaB' <<Ta cropoHa> oc-

MeruBaercq orBeqarb. floqsa yao6peua' Blacrl <<xoqer' oc-

TaBarrcb gBepeM, npu6auuru x sy6ana H KorrtlM"'JltoacKoeKpacHopeq[e; oHa xoqeT OTMaXI{BaTbcfl He TOJIbKO KHyTOM'

76

npocBeueHnq o HoBoM nJIaHe 6opu6u c lepueuou, [ap'b no'.

JlolKr.tJI pe3o,qtouHlo: <<Becuua de"rsno' nafi 6or Aeficrsu-'TeJIbHoro ycnexa>>. B uapcxorta <<AeficrsureJlbHoro> - crpax'rtro oflqrb Huqero He gHfiaer...

TornaKarxoe.cTHTyUHLIgasuHfi,

6oputl.txtt...^B 3r.rruHeu ABopue Katxoea <3aMerI'tJIH t'l o4o6pultl>>'

ueHa, He noKa3aB npeABapl'rreJlbHo npeACeAaTeJII'O UeH3yp-

HOTO KOMHTCTA>>.

OrsrtHe Karxos BbIcJIex{HBaJI Bce' qro xorq 6u ueusoroHarror!{HHa,ro <<3anpeTHble HAeH> - Ha6pacuBaJlcfl Ha npo-

BHH H O neltt

BJIa M KYJIb-

ryp bI MeK B

fieq n c o6-

ruecrBoM 33onoBbtM tl3blKoM, Karxoe orruqHo 3HaJI 3To' H

B3fJlCs 3a nepeBoA rr3btKa 3aona Ha q3blK AOHOCOB. llocleero HaIIaJLeHufl Jtl'treparopoB JIHuIaJII't pa6orrt, <<noBHHHbIe>

xypHaJlbt mrpaQoaa.nucb H 3aKpblBaJIHcb.

3a xarxoncKHMH JIaBpaMlI no'rnHyJlI'{cb H Apyr'ue' 3aro-BOpHJI14 TOHOM XaHAapMCKI.TX UHpKyrtflpoB n MuHHCTepcKI{X

AoKJIaAoB. Heruuonue H3 yueJleBuux npotpeccl'lBHblx x{ypH3-

JIOB I4 ra3eT CTa,,]fi HaxoAHTbcq noA Ha6"ttoAeHI,leM IIOJlHqell-

t,

CTPAUIHbIM NPI.I3HAKOM TOTO, qTO TIPABHTCJIbCTBO CTAJIO CI,IJIb.Hee, a (6raropoAHoe o6uIeCTBo> - noAJree: <<...roII,,ted,tocbor Hac,-[ucaJl <<Konoxon>>,-Bce cna6oe, [IarKoe, H}I ToHt.t ce, - HLIrqHe AyxoM, paccna6.neHHLre reJroM...>>.

- C xosua roAa rr.rpalK <Konoxola>> cra,r yMeHbrxarbcfl.Bce uegsure luceM or (<BecbMa ocBeAoMJleHnu,^rr. Crolo-HaqaJrbHr,rKr,r [uryr (<3a)Kurare.nefi>. llpoQeccopa HcltpaBJrfl_toT cTyAeHroB.

Ho ecrl <<3AopoBbrft Kpflx(>, Hacrosrune Jrroan. Eute neyMepJra Ha,[exAa. fepueH u Orapee 3Haror, qro flo"nuuayx<e HaKaHyHe BoccraHr.rq. He ro nH e poccur.{?

1 K opy4r.rrnr, xanorrupu! (Qpanq.l

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3A HAllIv lI BAIUy CBOEOAy

Hau xaxercR, uro flo'nlura u Poc.-

cnfl MofyT pyKa B pyKy HArH otrHou

Aoporoi'i x Hoootl, ceo6oauoil couuarb-Hoft xtgxu,

A. H. lePqen

B xoHue ceHrr6pq l862 no,ua flonnua H Poccns BerI'I ne'peroBopbl s Jlouaoie. Poccllto [peacraBJltJll{ He A,lexcaHapiroua"ou r.r cHrreJIbHble crarc-ceKperapH, a A.nexcauAplepueu, Hrxonafi Orapes H MHXaHT EaxvHuu; flo.nsury -He rIpeTeH.[, rHa-

TbI, a I{reH CH'

rasuyHA fl I{JIo'

ouv. foaop oJIb-

HOCTb.llosuuils lepuena u ero Apy3eft scHa: noJIHoe npaBo tto-

JrrKoB u nlo6oro Apyroro Hapoaa caMoMy peuarb <<c KeM

rrg coceaeri xorrr oHH BofiTH e 6onee 6nu:xylo cBs3b HJIH

Molxer 6srru Htt c KeM>>;

Poccnn u flonsu:e <<6urr BMecTe cKoBaHHbII{u - He 3Ha-qsr 6rrrr coeattHeHHbIMI't>>;

pacKoBarbcq IVIO)KHO TOJIbKo coo6ua, coeAI'IHHB pyccKylo

r{ no,rbcKylo HeHaBI4crb nporHB rlerep6vprcKofo rlopeM-lrlxKa;'

<r\rbl c floltuefi, floroMy qro MbI ea Pocculo' Mu co cro-poHbl noJtrKoB, noroMy qro Mbl pyccKue- Mu xorult Hega-

L"""*ocr" flontute, riororuy qro MbI xorltM cno6oau Poc'cl.ill. I{u c TIoJIIKaMI{, norollry qro oAHa uerlb cKoBblBaersac o6onx>);

KorAa npu6ururar s JIoHAoH AeJterauafl 3ar{r.rraJra Ao-KyMeHT, rAe npH3HaBaJrocb npaBo KpecTbgH Ha 3eMJrrc nnpaBo BcrKoro_HapoAa pacno.nararu csoeii cyau6oft, fep_IIeH orBerr.rn: <<Hav JrerKo c Bauu pt.[TH>>.

B <<KonoxoJre>> neqaraercq [HcbMo I_[eurpa.tlHoro noJlb,-cKolo xoMr.rrera u orBer pyccKux peBoJtlouuouepoa. llo,4-noJlbe, pyccKoe H noJrbcKoe, )'3HaeT, r{To cor.rraueHr,re Ao-crl.rrHvro. l,Iz JloH.u,oua a Iloltruy . l.r o6parHo, r.rnor-Aa, KOHCnilpaTHBHbTMH nyTqMl.t, HHOrna orKpbtTo, qepe3<Konoxo.n>>, nyreruecrByror upe:auuaftuo Bax(HbIe trvLtcbMa.

AHapefi AQaHacrenuq llore6Hq, 24-neruuit ncanopyquK,coo6utar fepueHy: <<EAga noJrrrKrl 3aMerr.lJtH Hauu c.na6ueyct4Jrufl c6au:nrtcs c HLtMIt, xar< 6parcxu Donailv HaM pyKy;lztr.l o6ggaHsr Mbr reM, qro noryr{aev <<Ko.noxoJ'r>, }tM -

rIToI\to>xeM nepecJlarb 3To nHcbMo...>>. 3aren I-lore6Hq rplrxAbrIlpue3xaer e JIoHAoH or rafiHclfi pyccxofi soeHHoti opraHn+ga\nv. B sanucHylo KHHx{Ky Orapesa oH Bn}tcbrBaer HMeHaoOuuepoe, roroBblx nphcoeAnHuTbcfl K noJ'rbcKr.tM noBcran-

80

qaM. B cnucKe 64 Qaur.r.rrun l. Ilolrcxuil u pyccruft soeHnole

KoMarerbr c6.nnxarcrcq. Ha neqaru eoeHHoii opraHll3auuttABe coeAHHeHHbte pyKH LI Ha,[rtticb <<3ellnq L BoJlfl>>.

B <<KoaoxoJle>> u <<O6uleu Beqe>> nottBfltterctt cI,lJIbHo

nepeloJrorxlBuee Bracrb Bo33BaHne peBor'trouaoHHslx oQu-uepoB: <<CocrasJrflrb KoMHTerbt, noao6rtue HalxeMy... yAep-x{uBarb coJrAar or crpe.nr6br no Hapony...>>.

flpasurenrcrBo ylKe AaBHo oxortlrctr 3a opraHn3aunefi.Eure ll Hrouq l862 roaa B Kpenocrtt HonoreoprneBcK pac-crpeJlrrHbr qJreHbI' KoM Hrera - oQtuepn Apuro"rltar, C,nlt-auuxuri n Pocrxoscxuft; pnAonon [lyP npuroBopeH K Ka-Topx(HblM pa6orau. Bcxope cxBaqeH flpoc.nae ,[,orrr6pon-cxufi. Ero ornpaBJlttlor B ccblJlKy, TaK u He Ao3HaB[Il.tcb,IITO HMCHHO OH C Oqfl BO IJIABC IIOJIbCKOIO PEBOJIIOUHOTiHOTOKOMUTETA.

- Mll cKaxeM BaM, qro .tleJlarb, KonAa nplrAer qac, -o6paulaercr fepueH K peBoJllouxoHepaM.

- llo HarxeMy xpafiuenay y6ex4eHurc, 3ror qac npu-ruen, - orBer{aer f]ore6Hq.

B 147-t'n <<Ko.uoxone> or 15 oxra6pr 1862 roaa fepuenneqaTaer csoft nJaH:

<He pacnycrnrbcq B noJIbcKoM AeJIe... a coxpalllrrr ce6sB HeM Anr pyccKofo AeJra)>.

Ecnlr eoccraHlre HaqHeTcg - fioMorrb no.rrflKaM, H c no-3yHroM <<3eltrq fi Borq>> aBuHyrbcn n PoccHto, Ha coeAlrHe-HHe Il noMoUIb pyccKoMy BoccTaHr4ro.

Ho fepueH yMoJreer He roponfirlcq. <y Hac Hr{qero HeI"oroBo. Kpenxo ycrpoeHusrfi xpyr oQuuepcxufi cyuecrByer,cKoJrbKo HaM Il3BecTHO, TOJTbKO y BaC...

Ha Pycn cilrc MHHyry Bpea MolKer .nN 6urr BoccraHHe>.lepuen HacrauBa.rr-)KAarb xors 6sl BecHbr 1863 roaa.

Toraa oKoHr{HTcq nepexoAHoe AByxrerHee cocrorrHHe nocJrepeQopr"rur, H Bo Bcex MecrHocrqx 3aBepuHrcn oQopna"neuue<ycTaBHbrx fpaMoT)>, y3aKoHHBal,outnx rpa6nreJrbcKoe ocBo-6oxAeHue. Eh.na saae)KAa, qro KpecrbqHe aoccraHyr. floa.xe lepueu IrHcaJr: <<Kpons Har.xy AaJILT 6u uu 3a to, uto6ocTaHoBUTb Ha ro,[ Hna l]..Ba no.rlbcKoe BoccraHHe>>.

Ho npaBUreJrbcrBo Bbrcrynr{,'Io nepBbrM. Ha tHBapb1863 roaa 6sr.n HagHaqeH pexpyrcrufi Ha6op s flonrue.Cngcxl.t MoJloAbrx lrcaefi, nepeBoAr,rMbrx B coJ'raarbl, cocraB-JTsJrHcb raK, uro6u pt3uflTb Bcex <<Bo3Myrure.net.r>. Pyccxne

l3ror cnucox Jruurb HecKoJlbKo Jrer Ha3a,Il nonb.n K coBer-cKilM yqeHbrM,

8t

oQuueps, noascrnft KoMnrer, fepueH n Orapen noHHMaJrr,IITO BOCCTaBaTb [pe]KAeBpeMeHHo, HO H r{TO B3pbIBa He OC-T'AHOBHTb.

flore6Hq B rrocJre.rlHufi paa npHexar s JIoHAos. <Ou nlo-xo Bepl.rn B ycnex, Ho ueJr noroMy, qTo oH He MOf xpr.rMt,I-prlrbcr c MbrcJrbro, r{To pyccKoe goficxo, r{To pyccKr..re oQu-ueprr 6es nporecra, xoJroAHo u 6ecnoula,u,Ho noaeAyr 6lrrtJInAeft, c xoTopbrMl,I ABa roAa x{[./'III B 6lu3octtt, ga ro, rITooHI,I xorqr 6rrrl sofllHblMr.r>>.

<fl eAy, - nucaJr oH, ornpaBJrflscb n flo.nsury, - I B

yIIIax y MeHs pa3AaeTcrr: Mbr, Ha cMepTb r{Ayul[e, BaM KJra-ngelntCg !>>

l5 aHnapa 1863 rola rpoBoKaunonHrrft pexpyrcxn& sa-,6op uaua.ncs. 22 flHBapfl - flonru:a BoccraJra. He6onsuraqpyccKag opfaHH3allur npHMKHyJra K BoccTaBrrrHM, He cTpa-[Iacb, qTo Ha3oByT <<H3MeHHI,IKaMI,I OTeqeCTBa>>, rITO HaAeX(-AbI Ha ycnex noqrlr suxaxofi.

BoccraHer ru Poccuq?<<ArrraocQepa AyrxHafl... Bce c.[osHo rrcqe3,'ro B oxHAa-

nuw... A xaK gra eapHuua?>-cflparrrnBal <<Ko.roxo,r>>. HoPoccHq 6u.na senoABr,rx(Ha. Jlyuruee peBoJrloquoHHoe BpeMqnpourJlo. <<3eM,[q H BoJIfl>> IIepecJraJra HeMHoro opy)KHr, no-MofJra 6exaru 3a rpaHr,ruy fl. Aortl6poBcKoMy, pacnpocrpa-Hgr'la npoKJt al/.aluj|/.u. Ha 6o,rlu:ee ue 6u,ro HI,I cHJl, HII J[IO-

Aefi. 3aro [paBureJrbcrBo nycKaer B xor, ece. HarpaBJtHBa-er pyccxuft HapoA Ha noJlbcKuft. B flo.nr'ruy, .Iluray u Ee-nopyccno nocblraer KpynHble cI,IJIbL llpexuue ry6epnaro-pbr H npaBHTeJrlr 3Tr.rx KpaeB npr.r3HaHbI qpe3MepHo <MflfKLI-ul.r>>. B Brulso c qpe3BbrqafiHuuH norHoMoqHnrr,tn npH6u-raer MypaBbeB-Ber.rrareJrb Ir nprrcrynaer K MaccoBblM pen-peccflqM.

<<Ko.noxo"n>> c roperlblo nnuer:<<3ro re pylrbq, Koropble crpeJlrJnr e 6eg,[He.3ro re npuKJlaAbr, KoropblMlr 6H.nn nerep6yprcxux cry-

ACHTOB.3ro re urrbrKlr, Koropbre 3aBrpa 6yayr KoJIorb Kpecrbs-

HI.IHa pyccKoro... 3a ro, tITo oH xor{er c aottert sentt.to!>.He cxpunaqcb r{ He xo.ne6.nscs, lepueu u Orapee ncra-

ror Ha saurury flonuruu. I-Ieqararcr Bo33BaHHe, npoKJraMa-quu, o6pauleHufl K pyccKr.IM coJl,4araM; coo6uarcr o nu6eluoaHr.rx, cnaceHul4 Apyrux. Hacru norqKoB eule Bepuna, r{To

r.rx AeJry noMoryr 3anaAHbre Aepx(aBbr. feprtell ryqure 3Har,rax 6yAer:

.82

(qro-ro cAenaer Eapona? Oua ne 4onycrur? .U,onycrr.rrJrx oHa eure pas?

.[,onycrur...>Or <rofi>> Eaponu oH Hnqero He )KAer, Ho rro.u,HllMaer,

6yAopaxr.rr Apyryo Enpony, rpeAocraBJrqer eft crparlullbl<<Ko.noxona>>.

Baxrop frcno nauer Bo33BaHlre K pyccKriM coJrAaraM:<<Boussl pyccKlle, BAoxHoBHTecb rroJrrrKaMH, He cpaxafirecsc HHMII. flepea BaMr,r B llo.ulrue He HenpurrreJrb, a npnMep>.

fapn6alsail orBeqaer Ha orKpbrroe nucbMo fep[eHa:<<JIn6esHsrft Apyr,f no.nyrun Barxe Aoporoe rr{cbMo, Ad'rs Mer{fl oHo AoKy-

rr,reHr. .[la, lepUeH, Bepro BaM rr 3Haro, qro HapoA pyccxuitHecqacTeH H I,tMeeT BbtcoKI,Ie cTpeM,'IeHI.Ig, KaK Bce HapoAbl,a qro oH He TIoBHHeH HLI B BHJIeHCKHX HCT93aHIlqX, HH B Bap-rxaBcKlrx BuceJrr{uax; fl 3Haro, qro LI Ha earueri po4nne 6po-Ar.rr Ayx BoJrr.r H 6yayurero...

llpeapaccyAKaMr.r HaurroHaJrbHocru H peJrr{f}rn BcerAaIIO!'Ib3OBaJII{Cb BJIaCTLI AJrg CBOIiX BHAOB, HMI,I OHI'I OTpaBflq-J'rr.r ApyxecKyro cBq3b HapoAoB. Ho noKa KpoBb ,'rbercfl,caJrbHbre AoJr)KHbr 6u ilvers - ecd'rr Hr{qero Apyrofo - noxpafiueii Mepe cox{a",lc}r[e K c;ia6ouy...>>.

H <<KonoxoJr>> oflrnb 3oBer. OH xoqer 3acraBnTb <<Tex>

noKpacHerb vJlw to xpalirefi Mepe coAporHyrbcr. <<fl.nav>>,<<Pyccxnft npa6ex H paa6oii s flonuttte>>, <<flpecrynreHuq B

flo.nlue>>, << floA,n ue ! >>, <<fI porecr! >, -3To roJlbKo He6o,rrsruaq qacrb repqeHoBcKtrx 3aror'roBKoB B

re AHr.r. Ho xar 6uno rpyAno!BoccraeIrrue HaAeJraJrH oruu6ox. To, '{ro 6ulo o6eqaso

B JIoHJloHcKax nepenoBopax, orrqir.rBaJrocb. fcso l.r rpoMKotte o6rssnnu: KpecrbqHaM - 3eMlrr, HapoAaM - caMoonpe-re.IIeHLIe. PyxoaoAnred'IH BoccraHr.rq cBeprarr.r Apyr Apyra.<<I(pacHue> 6ur.nr.r Hepe[IHTeJlbHbI, <<6ensre>> oBJraaeBaJIHABHx(eHr.reM. llpu raKoM o6opore AeJra uHpoKoro Kpecrb-tHcKoro Boccraur4fl, r{aK tr rrpeanoJrafaJr fepuen, He npor.r3o-ru,ro. HHruuaruBa nepeu,ra B pyKH uapcKoro npaBureJlbcr-ea. MypanbeB paccrped'ruBaJr r.r BerrIaJI, BeruaJr r{ paccrpe-JII-IBAJI.

B JlonAon flpfirrJJra [ocfleAHrrr 3arurcKa or flore6uu, ua-qncaHHaq HaKaHyHe cpa)KeHrr{s, B KoropoM oH noru6.163-fi lncr <Ko.noxona> 15 Maq 1863 roaa noqrr.rJr naMsrbflore6Hu ua4rpo6nuM crroBoM H. Orapeaa.

JroK H tnnH[pyTeHoB B pyccKoM BoficKe, nvcaB]UJ[it 06 3ToMTpaKTarbr, AoKr'raAHbre 3anHcKH, co6HpaBrxHfi crarncrnqe-cKue cBeAeHr.rrr, cnetlHa,lbHo egAHauHri B ltHocrpaHHble ap-MLIH. Errly yaa"rocb AocrtrrHyrb HeMar'roro.

tr4 sor <<oH nofu6... or pyK co,rrAar, KoroprrrM cAe,'raJlcroJrbKo 6nara... K Poccaa y Hero He 6u,ro He roJrbKo reHrrHeHaBHcrH, Ho oH c .lto6oetrc ocraHaB,'tHBarcfl Ha Meqre oHe3aBi4cr.rMoft flo,nlrue n ApyxecreeHHoft c Heft sorsHoftPoccua...

V xoro [paBHJrbHo nocraBd'reHo cepAue, ror noftuer, vroCepaxoecxoMy He 6H.[o sH6opa, r{To oH Ao!'rxeH 6u,n nArnco cBofiMlt...

LI raxas xagHr!>>.1862 roa-rnxennft gna fepueua n Orapesa. 1863 -eule rrx(eree. Karxog npoJ'roxlra nyrb, no KoropoMy ycepA-

Ho npoABr.rrailHcb MHorr{e Lr3 BrrepauHux 4pyaeft H qvra-re.neil.

<< I4g lr,lelrsr.r xH ! >>, <<flpo4 aBttrltecg nonqKaM ! ) cJrbrul aJrocbc pa3Hbrx cropoH.

<<Tenepr Hac Ha3bIBarcT H3MeHHr.IKaMH, orBeqaJrfepueH.

- A eerr Mbr re xe, crouM Ha roM xe qy)KoM 6epery,xax s 6l FoAy, Moxer, HeMHoro BHir,Hee-or noHr.rxeHuqxopa. C,ra6ne - pas6e)KaJrr4cb or crpaxa, QaHaruxN - orH3yBepcrBa...

Mu ocraueMcs B cMHpeHHofi rpycrn x.u,arb Apyroro npt4-rtrBa... npI.rAeT oH HJIH HeT,...Mbl BCe X(e He H3MeHHM HI{ HC-

Tr{He, Hr4 pyccKoMy Hapoav... H ecJll.l He MoxeM HilI{eM ,u,py-ruM eMy 6srru no.nesHbrMH, ro 6yaeu no,'te3Hbt reM, qro Hc-KynHM ero h Bac B fJra3ax fpflAyulnx noxoneHufi, cBH,rIereJIb-cTByq, qro 6butH x(e rpe3Bble "rIIoAl.t, KofAa Bbl Bce onbfHe-lrv Ha uapcxoii nonoftKe...>

floc"neAHue Apy3bfl uz nu6epanoB, ,u,epxaB[Ixecr troJlb-trre Apynux, yxoAflr. !,onro rs6eraeuuft o6qero xopa, I4nan

I fleperoeopu uecru pyccKltx tl norbcKnx peBonlouuoHepoa a JIou-AoHe oceHbrc 1862 roaa (<'u. ootwe).

M

Axcaxon, guaxouuft eu1e no 40-u roAau, a ceoeft ra3ere<<,[,eHl> npr.r3brBaer fepueua rroKasrbcq, <<BoccraHoBr.rrbnpaBAy HaKa3aHI4eM LI PICKynJIeHI,IeM>).

<<Her, He )KAnre Moeto pacKaflHvfl, - orBeqaJr Vcxa:e.-.nep.- fl... cxopee nofiAy e xa6ax, qeM B serr.{cxui'r cya. lloacoBecrb noxofisa... He npu xtr.r3Hn, TaK Ha HaLueft MoruJreHacraHeT AeHb He Hauero pacKaqHHfl, a pacKaeHHn nepeAHa[r]rMH TeHrrMH sa ocrop6neHuyro B Hac r]o6oBb x Poc-can!>>.

Ha noc.neAyroutxe aKcaKoBcKHe o6eurreHrln lepueH ea-Merur'r: <<Ec.lu 6 aru crpoKlr, cocrorurile cnJ'rouJb Hs AxH,'I-JroBbrx nqroK, rrncar xro-Hrz6yAr, a ue V|. C. Arcaxon, r xe-crKo orBeqaa 6u Ha Hfix. Ho y vena ecrb KaKaq-To Heuc-KopeHneMaq IIaMflTb cep.xua H B cr.rJty ee yBaxeHHe K npo-IrreAueMy, c KoTopbrM cBfl3aHbr .u,oporue BocloNluHaHr.If, r.r

K JILIUaM, COIIpI.IKaCaBtIlUMCfl C HHM>).

fepuen He noKaqrcs. Ho noKarrrr.rcb Apyrne. <<C nerxofipyxn <<!,ua> - npeAcKa3btBaJt <<I(onoxo.n>>r - 1l H3C TenepbnoiiAer .uaQa na MarAa.nnH>> l.

14. C. TypreHeB, orBeq afl Ha Bonpocbr cJre.ucrBerruofi ro-Mr.rccHr.r, oTKpeurlBaeTcq or Apy:eft-auurpaHroB. VsHae o6erort, lepueH Haao,rlfo pBer c HHM orHorueHr.{fl. .,Ip"A"tBpeMq, - IIti[IeT oH, - He <<oTubt>, TaK <<AeTH)> OUeHflT I] TeXTpe3Bbrx r.r Tex r{ecrHbtx pyccKljx, Koropbre oAHH rrporecTo-BanA u- 6ylyr nporecroBarb npornB rHycrroro yMHporBope-gng. Haure AeJro, Mo)Ker, KoHqeHo. Ho naugrb roro, qroHe Bcrr Pocolq cra.[a B pa3HouepcrHoM craae KarxoBZ, oc.TaHercn. Mst cnac,rn qecrb HlvteHl] pyccKofo-H 3a 3To no-crpaAe,'rH or pa6cxono 6o,rsurnucrBa>>.

K oceHr 1863 roaa c .rrrr6epanarvrH oKoHrrare,rsHtrir paa-pua. llporne <<KoroKora>> - npaBHTeJ'rbcrBo, noqrr{ Bcr ne-qarb, <<06urecrso>). Colos - <<rocyaapb, Karxos, Co6axe-auq>, npHqelt <<o6trlecrBo xyx{e npaBLITeJtbcrBa, }KypHanuc-Tbr xyxe o6urecraa>)-

Ho <<KonoxoJr>> nocroltr sa ce6q.fIp aaHreJrtcrno?.. Craperiureuy ue BparoB orBo-

glrrcr. He MeHbrrre [o,'roBHHbr Kax(Aoro HoMepa. B PocclluflpaBHTerbcrBy noAHocsr aapeca c H3bqBreHr{eM BepHorroA-AaHHr{ecKHX qyBcrB, a pyccxr.rfi )KypHar'l a JIoHAoHe ao6brBa-er Qopuy-rpa{raper (!) gra noAaqH raKr.rx aApecoB, rafiHo

I MarAaluua - B eBaHreruu pacKarBuratct rpeuHxrla.

85

paccbrJraeMyro Mr.rHucrepcrBoM BHyrpeHHr.rx AeJr no ry6ep_HI,I'M.

O 6 ur e c r s o? <<Ko;loxo.n>> rroMerrlaer He roJrbKo LrHrrl-Br,rAyaJrbHbre noprperbr, Ho rt rpyflnoBbre: <I4"nu qelrl ux BcerTaK HacrpauIaJrL.I, -

tITo HeJ'rb3rr 6o,rsue yAepxarb BonJrb,Kprtr(, nJraq, 3aBbrBaHr{e narpHorr.r3Ma, vcep.u,ile 6es fpaHHu,[peAaHHocrr 6eg currc.rra? A4pecu, raHtxunbl, lr,rore6Hul uaqr.rcToM Bo3Ayxe ri B BO3AyXe, [pOAbrMJleHHOM JraAaHOM, aA_pecbr or rpaMorHbrx u 6esrpavorHbrx, or crapoo6pagueB lrnoroo6paArIeB, or Kyp-, acr- ll .nuQ-,rlu4cKHX pyccKHx, ot*speveuuoo6s3aHHbrx KpecrbflH a 6eccpouHopa3opeHHbrx rro-MerluKoB, or craprxnH Poroxcxoro x,raA6uqa u or r.uxoJrfl-pefi xnag6wqa HayKH, Ha3brBaeMoro MocxoscKzM yHuBep-cLlTeToM>>.

I4, Haxoueq, n e q a r r. Ee 6paul 4axe paAyeT. <<MuropAbr roli x.reeerofi, rcli rpe3bro, xoropofi 6poca.nu B Hacsa flontruy spbrra narpr.rortr3Ma vt codeprcanqat lll orAeJre-Htaq>>. Mo)KHo, KoHeqHo, npeue6perlb, He oTBeqarb. <<Ho *6orccr, - nr4[rer fepqeH, -

qro 3Tu Mep3aBrrbr oKJreBex-(yr:MeHs rrepeA HapoAoM pyccKHM... Jlrc6ons -Moq K HeMy oc-xop6rreHa, Moe cd'tylKeHlle eMy orlepHeHo, H BoT noqeMy fl Hexoqy Monqarb r.r He xoqy ocraBurl sa ce6e su oAHoft rrbtJrr.rn-Kn, Hv oAHoft 6psraru nonuuericxoft nensr...>>

3aHr{MaeMcfl. TaKr4ML! nycraxavu? Mu gasuuaeMcs reM, qronportulaelil cler Ha dena, rcoropue Hac uHrepec7rcT. rlpaa-Aa,.y Hac He 6u.no eule BpeMeHr.I 3aHflTbcfl sauefi Jlltrepary-poft, uo ult H AyMaeM, qTO He JIHtu-nee 6yaer no6.nuxe K roMy, qro,AeJlaercqB Jlr4cruKe...flcraparccl.paao6lauar aror BHAaM npaBgreJrb*cTBa>>.

EuIe ,{aqe npoficxoArzJra cxBarKa B orr{pbrryro. Ha sofiHeKo,[eKc 6naropoAnux MaHep He co6nn4aercs. <Ko.noxo.n>Ha3brBaer nporr.rBHr{Koa uao6peraTeJrbHo H gJro: Karxoe -<ny6nnuuurft uyxuzua nceq Poccuu>>, <<orell AoHocos>>. Ero,IlepeaoBbre crarbu - <<nucaHgbre r{epHr.naun III orAereHr.rtc c.nrcHerc 6euresoit co6axu>>. .flsrrx - <<Ka3uffrr1efo nona HnponoBeAbrBaloxrero [aJlaqa>). <<Broprte roJloca>, [oArIeBa-_

86

bI-9To <<noAKarKoBrrIr.rKH>>. <focno,qun peAaKrrnq. Bbr HeeJroBeK, BbI MecTo, BbI rtepHI.IJIbHLtua, Bbr Hr4)Ke HpaBCTBeH-oft orBercrBeHHocrl,I, Baura HpaBcrBeHHocrb B Haqar'Ib-

flo,rsoe flpenMyu{ecrBo llcxaH,[eoa B 3roM noeAtrHKeqeBr.rr.Ho. Ho croJrb >Ke oqeBllAHa u no6eaa Karxoeaap, nu6epanavu. KarxoB BbrpalKaJr rro cyu{ecrBy ro, qroI,I AYMAJII{, HO HECKOJIbKO CTbIAI.IJ']HCb CKA3ATb.fepueu H Orapee 3Ha,'ltt, rtro rbtcsqu ,rloAeii pa3Aer'Ifllor

x MbrcJIH, Ho MoJrqar eo Hg6elKaHUe Kpelocru u Cu6uDw.{ MbtcJIH, HO MOJrqaT BO H3Oe}KaHUe Kpe[OCTU Lt LUOAptr.peMeHaMr.r K Hr.rl,,r npHxoAHJrH o6o4pnrcu1ue nucsua. Ha-

Mep, or craporo Apyra Jlrea MeqHHKoBa, BbrcrynrBue-or HMeHH o6urecrsa pvccKux s l4ranuu. Oauaxo laKueoca 6lr"ru cla6u r,r He r{acrbr. <<,Il,ocyn rerrepb ecrb, -arrricbrBaer fepueH. - V sac rr.rxo, Her nocropoHHrdx>>.I( xouqy 1863 roaa yrxJnr HaAe)KAbr Ha cKopylo Kpecrb-

HcKyro aoriuy. L{apcxue B,rracrri apecroBa,'rH rpynrIy qr'reHoB

MJilr H BOJrH>), H BCKOpe OpfaHtr3auHq npeKpaqaeT cy-llecTBoBaHI.ie.

3a no,rropa-ABa ror.a rr.rpa)K <<l(o,roxona>> rraAaer Brrfl-Ha ucxoAe 1863 roaa fieqaraJrl,t ecero 500 3K3ervrn!'lq-

Eu.nn Auu, KorAa noAcrynaJra MbrcJrb: <<He nopa .na naexy?>>. <<brr.la MuHyrbr, B Koropbre HaM xoreJrocb 3a-

OJIqaTb, HO HaC y)Ke He OCTaBJIfl!'lLl B IIOKOe HA KJIeBeTa, HHnpepbrBHo floBroprrBrxr.recs npecryflreHHq. Hauocrs poc-

a, ycrynurb efi mecro 6u,ro caepx cun>>. ,

B HeKoropbrx r.rcropriqecKHX curyauHrrx ocrarbcfl BeHb[IHHcrBe - cqacrbe, 6ontnoe H He,lerKoe. llo.neexalycrr B. I4. Jlesus Harru[rer: <<KorAa Bcs opaBa pyccKr.rxu6epa,roe orx,rbrHyJra or lepueHa sa 3arrlury flonturu,

ilare,reri AnexcaHgpa II. fepueu cflac qecrb pyccxoli 4e-MOKDaTHH)> r. ,

Aa Bce <<o6paaosauuoe o6ulecrBo>> orBepHyJrocb or <<I(o-KoJIa>>, fepueu He cMyrltJlcq. OH rrpoAoax{aJr orcrauBarb

no6oay flonuruu H 6uqesarl ycMr4pureJreri, na.tauei.i, ne-

I B. V. JI e u u H, CourHeuul, r. 18, crp, 13.

>:+

yx

TJIABA V

ryllETb HE NEPECTAHET...

I'l cHosa Ha pa6ory, cnoBa no nY'TLr, Koropbtti BcaKnfr aeHb craHoBHTcgKaMeHHCTee, ilO nO KOTOpOMy Mbl l,lleMB!BOeM - KaK nOIuJIII... TpllAqa',rb neTHasaal

Ar"rnnsl

A. H. leP4en

occHfl MeAJIeHHO npoxoAl{Jla uIecTIiAecqTbIMI'IIOAaMU.(1863 foA npoexan rfl)I(eJlofi KoJIecHI'Iuefi tto6oAp, eepa ueJla... Ho uena H 3Jlo6a, I{ HeHa'

1864. I-lpaenrefibcrBo aapyer cyAe6Hylo peQopMy It 3€Mr

CTBO, Be3eT Ha KaTopry tlepuuruencKofo H pacnpaBngeTcgc flontuefi.

Kannra"t - eue He <<BeJ'll'IqecrBo)>, a roJIbKo <creneH-

B noJrHo\,r c6ope.B 3a6aftxaJlbe, npecJleAyeMblfr I{ Ha Karopre' MyrIHTerb"

Ho yMr{paer M. Vl. MHxaftaoe.

88

1866. HeyaaBrrreecq noKyrrreHr.re cryAenra I(apaxosonaHa AnexcaH4pa II. <<OxpaurreJrbHbre> Mepbr npaBtlTeJrb-cTBa - <<AVKafl, peaKIII{fl, taAKaq peaKrlltfl>>.

<ConpenaenHuK>> r{ <<Pyccxoe cJroBo>> 3aKpblTbr oKoHrra-TeJIbHo. Ceqeuoscx[ft

"pyq <<PeQ"nexcu foJroBHoro Mo3fa>

xon-Ille4przH ttz ruer <llorran a4ypoB H rro r\{ lt aAyp ur>.loAu oqeHl rr,rxne nocJre npe)KHr..rx rpornronirx. peso,,rrc-

IILIOHepbT-rxecT[AecrTHLtKv yrnilH LrJlLr yXOI.LTJIH, a CeMr..rAe_cflTHLrKt4 etqe He pa3BIUrHcb. <<Ko.loxo,n>> )Ke Bce He garuxa-eT, npHcJIyIXUBaflCb, He AoHeceTcfl JIt4 c BOCTOKa, KaK npex(-Aer orBerHoe 3xo, uro6 ycu,nurbcrr B HoBoM KoJroKoJIbHot\,ryAape. C <<o6uecrBoM>) H erocr{erbl sa nerep6ypr.cKne H noJrMeqarb, ea6srrl repueuoecxnfta xorerb sa6Hrr H noMHHTb -Bp-arra He nepeMeHr.rJrr.rcb. A apygrq? l4e oHu? Cxo,rr-xo ux?

Cu6upcxono Kyflua flecrepeua norsHyJru s III orAe4e.

Kor.o-To 3Jroro, senoxo"re6uuorl y4alnrc, Koropafl noAr{ac pac_nflaqercrr v npv, Bl.r,4e UapanHHbI, Ho He AporHer co6crseHHoltpyxoli np[pe3arb Koro xoruTe...>). t

_ fepueH roBopr.tJr c flecrepeBbrM o csoeft rvnorpaQuu:<<ltoceTHTeJret.r y MeHr B nocJreAHee BpeMfl HeTy H U3naHr.IecoBceM He r.rAer. Xorl 6pocari. Ceqsefi c poccuerl rolKe...

7 H. ,. 3ilaerruan

,(,a>xe xypHaJIbI H ra3erbl 3ana3,[blBalor, Aa H pa6oraen'tTod'IbKo BABoeM c Orapesutrt. OH xe 6ontsoft... llycru npue-4er t{epHrnuencxufi. f c pyxar*lu nepeAaM evy rraoft craHoK-A vro, BeAb or eac (r. e. us Cu6upu) yfiru voxuo? Eaxy-HHH y[Ie

Harr,r o-

nop. Ho o,qTo Bce B-

cKoro. Vu;nn re, B Koro fepueH npexAe BepI'{JI I'lJlLt xoreJlBepurb, H KoMy l{epHuueacxufi He BepzJl n npex4e. <<Mu

He xorl,IM 6o.ntrue I4cnpaBrtlrb HeucnpaBI4MbIX' HH reqHTbHeH3reqLIMbtx>>. Ocra.ntcb re, y Kol'o <..' HaAKa u coilHeHue;uccnedoeanue Brlecro BepbL, noHu'vaHue EJflecro nocrxA-

waHbn>.B cBolo cerbMyto roAoBl[HHy <Ko.uoxo.n>> o6lqnrsr:

<A.nq 3rofi ttosoft cpeau xorllM Mbl nl'lcarb u npu6arursHaIUe C,'IOBO AaJlbHllX cTpaHHI'tKOB -._ K ToMy, qeMy HX yglirgepuuuencxuft c Bblcorbl uapcxoro crol6a, o qeM I'IM to-Bopqr [oA3eMHble ro,loca u3 uapcKnx rcttadoooLx"'>>'

'Bo.nssrte tteqarHI,rKu He 3Ha]or orAblxa. C 1864 roAa

cHoBa Hacrynalor. Kaxercq, KyAa KaK npocro: ecrb peBo-

nloqnoHHafl cpeAa - flepeAoBble pa3Hoql'lHubl' ecTb peBoJlK)-

BDeMrr a.ns 6o.nunol'o aeJIa.' LIro Moxer <<Ko.noxo.n>>? <<flopa cocpeil,oroqurb MbIcJIb lc

ra, _ clarefi, TaK cKa3arb, Teoperl'lKo-npaKTItI{ecKl'tx"' H g

90

crarbH, crarbH-nporpaMMbl. Idsoua B qerBepTb, HHorAa B

no.n-<Ko,roxofla>, Lruor/ra Ha HecKoJIbI(o HoMepoe. Eorsuefrqacrblo <<HcxzHJIePOBCKUe>. cOAeprUeUUO He yMeg fincarbcKyr{Hbre <<yqhreJlbHble> craTbH, oH qacTo npeBpall(aer I'Ix B

rnrcbMa. B XVlll H XIX croJlerusx ryl{tu[e ny6nuqucrst.nrc6x.nn nncbMa-lraMQneru, nucbMa o flyrelxecrBl,lsx, rAeAeJro BoBce He B nyTeuecTBllqx, []IcbMa o npflpoAe, rAe Ae-Jro He roJlbKo B npHpoae.

Aerop <<fluceu us <Dpaurlr,ru u VratuH>> u <<ffnceM 06lr3yqeH14H npHponbr> renepb nepeHec cBotcl <[oqry> n <<Ko-

JroKoJr>>. .IIyuure Bcero noJlyqaerce 6ecea,a c xeu-.ttu6o ttgcBol.rx. LLIecrr <fhceu K nyreuecrBeHHHKy>> g urecru <Ko-JroKoJ'rax)> o6pauteuu K nyrellrecrBeHHlIKy-Apyry. I( xotvtyr.rMeHHo, ToqHo He y,craHoBreHo, Aa 3To t,t He naxuo. flep-BOe IIHCbMO HaqI4HaJlOCb TaK:

<<Bn Nrenq sa6poca.nu BonpocaMr.r-H lrro ,u,eJraercq, uqro Aeflarb, It qro qararr? Kaxre JIro.rIH, KaKIre KHI,rt.H, r{To

BHyTpr.I, qTO CHapyXH, Ky,[a HAyT, KyIa ilAeM, rAe MbI, rITO

Mbr, r.r npaB.[a Jru ro-ro Ir npaBAa nu gro-ro?..>.Ho apyseft coBceM MaJro. <llo uecqacrbro... He oKa3aJrocb

B HaJrnqHocru HH oAHono orcyrcrByrouero apyfa, no xpaft-Hefi naepe raKoro... KoropoMy 6u xore.noct vro-uu6y,u,b nH-carb...> - 3aMeqaer KaK-To HcxauAep Lt nurrrer flqrb nficelt<K 6yayureMy Apyry>.

3aro cyar6a se o6nAeJra BparaMrr. Cpean 'Hr.rx ecrb euleJrr,oAH Bpoae Axcaxoea n.nn CauapnHa, .na6epaJroB r.r cJra-sruoQr.noa, KoropHe 6eayc.lroouo <no ry cropoHy>>, 6esyc-JIoBHo Heapyru, Ho JrurlHo qecrHbr LI IrcKpeHHH. C guul.r rurox-Ho rro xpafiHefi Mepe nonpo6oearu 3aroBopnTb, He crhrAHonocJraTb nHcbMo.

H fepueu BrrrrlrBaer B [oJreMEKy CauapuHa, nurxer rpnrllrcbMa <<K nporuaHuKy>, a Ha ero ynpeKr B <<Mareplar'rn3-Me>> x (corrnaJrr.r3Me)> topjlo orBeqaer: <Counalgcr fl He coBqepauHero Aua. TpHauarb Jrer roMy Ha3aA'q sHcoqafrueyrBepxAerJ Htzxo.naeu flasrosuqeM B 3BaHl,tl,r cou!,raJrucra....s perxnTeabHo He Blr)Ky BbIxoAa ns nceo6uero Nunaca I o6.pa3oBaHHoro Mlrpa, KpoMe craprrecKofo o6unpannq r.uII,I co-rlnaJrbHoro nepeBopoTa...>.

<<l-lHcsMa>>, ornpaBJreHHHe s PoccHro, BJrHJIr.tcb B croiK.Hsrfi xonosopor uHeuufi n reopnfi, r.r3 Koropbrx nupa6aru-BaJracb peBoJrIoqI{oHHafl MbrcJrb cJreAyrclqero IIoKoneHLIg...

tTynuxa (Qpau4.).

7. 9l

Vsr,anexa rpyAlo yBr,rrers H H3Mepnrb cBoro poJrb v Bnr4fr.IIHe Ha po,u,r.rHe. flpexae oro3BaJracb Apyrar, 6dnee 6nwsxanPoccnR, 9r!rHrpaHTcKaff.

1861, 1862, 1863 roau au6poct.nn 3a rpannuy HeMaJroMOJlOAeXr4, pa3HOr{HHUee, OCO6eHHO CTyAeHTOB. zx <<cro"qrt-uefi>> cra.na Xesena, lllseftuapus. OHrz -

qacrr.rua rofi cpe-Abr, AJrfl xoropofi renepb gBoHr.tr <<Konoxo.n>>. <<[aftre uauTaKHx crarefi, AnexcaHap I4oauoauu, - lr lroqatrle>), - or-BeqaJra Ha nHcbMa <<Konoxona>> (<MoJroaat gMHr-pauHrr>>.

flepenucxa, nepefoBopbr )KeHeBcKHx u JtoHAoHcKLIX a3-fHaHHltKoB He npeKpauaForctr. B <<l(onoroJre>> neqaraorcqpyccKr.re crarblr tae llleeriqapur. Moxer 6lrrs, coeAHHeHHec[Jt, nepeMeuleHue BolrHofr rnnorpaQrn no6lnxe K oqary.nycrb He6ontruouy, pyccKoft 6opu6u, npo6ser, HafoHeu, ryrbs Poccilrc?

<<IJro <<KonoKoJr> n3AaBarb e JIoHAoHe npr,r HoBoM B3na-xe's Poccfir4 HeJrb3fl, AJrfl MeHq flcHo>>, - fltlrxer fepues Ora-pesy. .(a fi Hs [leeftuapHH Hecyrca npocs6sr: <<Bui H He Mo-)I(ere noHgrb, KaK TopMo3xr AeJro Balxe xuTbe a Anr.nnu...ace, ece perilHTeJrbHo gro6qrcs Ha Barrr Henepee3a>>.

B saqane 1865 roaa orBercrBeHHoe peueHHe npr.rHrrro.I anpena 1865 roaa BbrrueJr noc,'re.[H]rfi, 196-fi, .nouAoncxafi<Ko"noxo.n>>; 25 uar, na 197-rvr HoMepe, croqr ylKe aApec:XeHega.

Vu.no B npouJJroe cJlaBHoe JroH.u,oHcKoe BpeMs BonsgoftrltnorpaQuu - 6"nucrareJtbHbre no6eAu, rbrcrqH <l-lonapuurxgBe3A>, <<Konoxo.noB>, npHJro)KeHr.rfi. BnepeAI4 - 6ops6a, ue-I,I3BeCTHOCTb, HaAeXIa.

flpo6uaaHne rltuIr.rHbI, Har{aroe <<6o.nrurruu crarbgMrr>H nepee3aoM Ha MarepHK, KaK 6yaro noflyqa,rrocb. CrareficraJIo no6onsrue. fluuer MoJ'roae)Kb, BpeMeHaMH rrplrcblJra-er Pocclq. .[,aer uarep?raJrbr KHq3b flonropyxoB, KoJropur-nuft fipercraBHreJrb <crapofi gMul.paufin>, He JrurueHHbrfiTaraHTa, HeMaJro HacoJu,rBrxHfi <<po4uouy> caMoaepxaBlrK).fi ABopflHcrBy cBoHMH r.rcropuqecxauu pa6oraMH, Ho ocra-snsr.uuft TeMHbIe nlrHa I,I B LtcropnH co6crseHHofi xnsHu.

B ,Ilouroue, nepeA or6e3AoM, <<Koloxon>, rtoflBrercq pa3B Mecqu. B )(eHese 'cran peryJrspHo BbrxoAr.rrb qepe3 ABeHe.[eJII.r.

klsnarnfl, Bo.nusofr runorpaQnn c 1863 ro.rla He oKyna-Itncs. Bosce ge ga6orscs o npn6unrx, fep[eH noH]IMaJI, qroy6srrxu Moryr B3opBarb Bce AeJlo. Crapue, npeAaHHbleApy3bq l{epneqxraft u Txopxencxufi ,pa6oraror goscp. Tu-

92

Poccr.rr.t. OrpaHnueHHoe 3eMcKoe caMoynpaBJreHr.re, TecHHMoeoTopoe conpoTl.lB,qeHLIe.b c lix <<saxprtrna>>. IrI3-Hbrx 3eMueB npoTHB BCe-6dlsuefi, qeM Ha caMoM

Aene.

xeM rH ee neqararb u.nH ser?>>-cnpauHBarl u3lrarervlcBoero KoppecnoHAeHra. floc,'reaHufi, BHAl.rMo, orBeqaJr co-

pvu, Aa cBoq rle.[aff )Kt4 3Hb>> - HcnbrraHr.ta 6ucrpo craprrrH cAeJrarcT cBoe AeJro qepe3 HecKoJIbKo aer. Ho u Ha 3aKareIZcxaHAep cr{JreH H TaJraHTJrr.rB, KaK ,B caMbIe ,co'HeqHbIeqacbl xri3Hr.r.

9epHuurencxuft ro'Bopr.rr o,u,HoMy H3 rorapnqefi noccbrJrKe, uro y fepueHa <<...Hacrosuee ocrpoyM14e, ocrpoe 14

yMHoe, JrefKoe r{ BMecre c reM coAep)KareJlbHoe, 6.necrsureeI{ BMecre c reM AeJrbgoe>>. <<Ocrasaficq HarrrHM MoryquMBonrrepou. B sroM rBor Hcrr4Ha r.r noroMy H curra rBofl)),_BocropxeHno fifiu]er SaxyuHu, rrocJre BbrxoAa oAHoto H3 )Ke_HeBcKHx HoMepoB << I(o.uoxon a>.

Orapee 6o.ne.n, u, cJryqaJlocs, fep[eu nncaJr noqrll BecbHOMep, a Kor,Ilaflerrararb <AnorerAe oAHo H3 AefiHafl ellle >Kvlil, a

93

onHcbrBaJr co6crBeHHoe npounoe - KoHeu 50-x u Ha'Iaro 60-xroAoB. Bnpoueu, <<nevepHzfi 3BoH> He ycrynl'Ir <yrpeHHeMy>>;

pa3Be qro no6o.nee ycrarocrn I'I ropel{H. <<Mst eule He co-3per[, a yx ceHu/tu... crpauHo ceHultu>, - 6pocaer lepueuo cMepTenbHo HaAoeBnHX KaTKOBbIX, MypaBbeBblx' luyBa-JIOBbTX LI nX HOBbIX pa3HOBI'IAHOCTSX.

Ho qro >xe Aenarb, KorAa oHH Bce re xe n rau xe?<Creua, orAerqBuan rafiuyto noJIHuuIo or JIIlreparypbI'flaila, n [unHoHbI, Sucxa.nrt, xypHaJlncrbl, npoQeccopa w

cbrulr,rKI,I cMe[IaJILrcb s oAHY ceMbro...> Ho n slrAasruHfi scs-xoe HcxauAep Bce x(e I'IHofAa yAnBrqercq: <Mu ne6.nano-

npucroftuo pa6o;renuu, - lutrler oH B cBtl3I'I c xonyficxoficsucronrqcxoft noc"ne BblcrpeJla I(aparoaoaa...

,[I,a noxpacueftre xe...H.nu xorl 6u lllyaa.noB, MI{HI'Icrp noJII'tIlHI{, sacraBI'IJI tsac

IIoKpacHeTb no HarlaJIbcTBy>.B o.usofi t,ts crareft fepueH roBopl'IJI o <<.IIByx orHsx>--

<<ripoHr.rn I{ Bepe BMecre>. hponuert u aepoil aepxanca <Ko'JroKoJr>. Vpouua - ttpuMeHure,'Ibno K HacronureMy I.{ [po-rrrerueMy, Bepa-x 6ynyurerr'ry. B xoHue 1865 rola Ha Ka-

rofi-ro MoMeHr aro 6yayuree noKa3aJlocb 'He cJlI{IlIKoM Aa-JICKI{M.

<<.[,ela HAYT He xY)Ke'..,[I,an nac Aa)Ke nono)KHTeJIbHo Jlyqrrre-

C Huseurseft secuH 3BoH {au o[qrb'.. cral 6yAuru oA-

sux, 6ecnoxonrb Apyl'ux' Hac 6onlrue 6pauRr, x Hau 6o'nr-IIIe IInrxyT...>.

Ho nosxe 6yaer 3aMeqeHo, r{To <<Ilcropl'In HAer... rpq3-HbIMr.r r{ rJlyxHMH rlpoceJlKaMH... OAHO coSHaHue HAer npq-r\{bIM ryreM>. B 1866 ra 1867 toAy B-e-pa e cxopstft noA'beM,

6Jrusxue nepeMeHbl pa3BelrBa,'Iacl. Mo,noAe)Kb H B Pocct,tll

H B gMLIrpauHI{ I,tcKaJla rex, KTo o6sqcHl'Ir, qro deJlaro' HeKoropbrM Kagarocb, uro lepueu u Orapee He foBopflT HI.Iqe-

rO HOBOTO: 3a 3eMJII'O H BOJIIO' [poTI'lB CaMOAep)KaBI'tq' 3A

coul{aflHcrurlecKoe 6yayuree oHH crosJIH y)K AaBHo. 3ro -uenn. Ho xar uAru? I(ax 6Parsca?'

KorAa-ro fepuen peunJl 3rl'l Bonpocbl A[q ce6s: Ao6po'BoJrbHoe H3rHaHhe, Borrnaq runorpaQun. Tenepl Apyr[eHaquHalout4e rpe6onann orBera rlpil Apyl'Hx o6croq--

TeJrbcrBax- fepubu gro rIoHI'lMan: <<Aa qro HaM Aenarr? lo:Bopl{re onpeAeJIeHHee, Qop rrly.nupyfi re.'.

Moxer, no4 <<QopuyflaMlI> Apy3bg Ha[In noHI'lMal'or' KaK

QpaHuysu, peueniu, r. e. enepe,u, AaHHbIe cHaAo6ls u npu-

94

Ka3bI, KaK nocrylarb B TaKoM 'cnytlae -H ts TaKoM' Aeftct-

Br.rTeJrbHo, y Hac TaKHX QOprvryl Her. Aa HX I{ He HyX{HO'

Cepleaulte peuenrbl HM[poBn3l'Ipylorcq ua o6urux ocHoBa-HHflX HayKn u Ha qacTHoM I,lccJleAOBaHALl AaHHOfO CJIyqafl'

Vceoftre ce6e o6uttfi g3rrgA, o6uryrc Qopuyly, n nunor{Tr.r HHKor,u,a He ouru6erecb B qacrHoM npI{no)KeHHH...>.

Ho nepexo4 or <<o6ureft $oprrly.nlt> K <<qacrHoMy npHJIo-

>r(eHulo>>, Moxer 6bItl, cavoe rpy,unoe! OAsl'tl't LI3 Bracrl'l-renefi pyccKfix AyM craHoBurcq I-lucapea. Ou roeopur -Haao r,tArH B HapoA, B 3eMCrBO, B HayKy, Aeno aeJlarb' Hay-xofi ocso6oxAarb JI14qHocrb, xltrr,Iueft npeo6pasonHsarl Poc-curo... Ilycxafi raKar npotpaMMa nepeolreHl'IBaer poJlb Hay-Kr,r, xorfl H He OrCTpaHqeT Mblcrb o peBoJtloqilw, Ho 3To OT-

Ber Ha Bonpoc <<qro Ae.narl?>.I4cxanAep u Orapes He cqLIraJII{ ce6a nnpaae AaBarb

npaKTfir{ecKne peuerrrbr I,I <pacnopqxeHllq>. Poccfiq CJIHUI-

KoM aaJreKa. I( roruy xe cHJlbHo repeMeHnJlacl. K nefi yxHe noaoftayr $opr'rynu 1853 u 186l roaos. Eu"no tc'Ho, uro<Poccfiq - KaKoe-ro 6ecxoneqHoe noJle... Hapoxaarcqefo-cn, 6yayurefo He Br.raHo... oHo Bce B 3eMJIe, Bce B SepHe>.

Ho <<iuu Hoaori Poccan He 3HaeM>>, 6ecnoulaAHo KoHcra-Tr.rpyror uzr,areru <<Ko.noxola>>. !,axe B ryr{uue roAu fep-rreH a Orapee !.aBarrn flpaKrllqecKue coBerbl <<3ev.ne H

BoJre>), pyccKHM oQnuepau e florsure, I.{3rHaHHbtM H3 yHLI-

BepcaTera cryAeHTaM c 6onsuroft ocropolKHocrbro, fiocJrecaMoro noapo6uoro H ocHoBareJrbHoro r.r3yqeHr.rq. OHu sHa-Jrr{, r{To, He uMeg npovHoli opnaHr.I3aur{H H cBfl3n g Poccu[,Mox(Ho HeyAaqHbrM <<peuenroM>> o6peur sa 6eccurrcJreHnylonu6ens cornr.r MoJroabrx ror'roB.

<<MoloAsre 3MnrpaHTbr>> He corJrarrraJr[cb c lepueHou,crropx"rr4. Eorrurofr apyx6u H corc3a He noryrrurocr. A.nn-TeJIbHbre nepenoBopbl r.I Ar.IcKyccurr cBoal.lJil,lcb BoT K qeMy:

Mo.no.ua s 3M Hrp auuq. <<Konoxon>> AoJrlKeH crarbo6uleou nnpa HTcKr4M opf aHoM.

f e p u e H. <<KoroKoJr)> Moxer crarb opraHoM Bcex pyc-cKLIX peBoJuounoHHblx rpynn. <<Ho ronrxo HI,rKaK He 3MH-rpaur.rH, cocraBJrrrlouefi cnyuaftuocrb r.r BpeMeHHylo Hy)KAy>.

MonoAaq oMHnpauur. Boxpyr BonrHofi pyccxoitrlnorpaQuu HaAo co3aarb npaKrnqecxufr IIeHrp no pyKo-BOACTBy pyCCKr.IM ABH>KeHI,reM.

f e p u e u. flponaraHAa flBHbIM o6pasou pacnaAaercqHaABoe: c oAHoft cropoHbr cJIoBo, coBer, aHarvg, o6,ruueune,TeoptEs, c 4pyrofr - odpasonaH]ie KpyroB, ycrpoficrrio nyreft,

I

BHyrper{Hnx I{ BHerxnr.rx cofJrarrreHlt[. Ha nepnoe MbI rocBq_ulaeM BCIo Hauy npeAaHHocrb.ttTopoe He I\{o}KeT o AeJIO, KOTO_pofo Mbr xAeM B 6

Mo.noAaq g aoJrxHa 3a-Bncerb or rleJ'rori Kopnopautlil gMxfpaHToB, Koropofi AoJr)KHbt6um nepegaHbr__coorBercrByrorrrle AeHe)KHbte 6oH4u.f epues. <<KonoxoJr>> ecrb JrnreparypHoe a'eno. I4s Mo-JroAbrx 3MHrpaHToB MaJ'ro Kro AoKa3aJr cBou cnoco6Hocill xar.rreparype. <<!,arafire Barxu rpyAbr, rpyAbr o6qux Apyseft,ylrpoftre KoppecrroHAeHuur{, ycrpofire c6ur... ne,tgtire, n<<Kororo,rr> craHer opnaHoM cl4Jr t{ fpyltn>. Ilycrs MoJro.u,e)KbnoKa)Ker, Ha r.tro cnoco6ua, Ho, IIoKa Her l-apaHTuri ux yue-Jrocru r.r npoqHocrl.r, y[paBr'rerue v QoH4sr ue uoryr 6urlnepeAaHbr.

Ornouresns o6ocrpu.nl-rcr. O6oroAHbre, He BcerAa c[pa-BeAJII,lBble ynpeKLI, <<,[oMa[rHHe ccopbr>> yMHo)KaJrr] pa34pa-xeHue Ir ropeqb or ruuruHbr r gacroff sa 6onlutoM noJre.

fepueHy recHo H AyrxHo B MaJreHbKoM x(eHeBcKoM Mr.rp-re, s cso6o4Horl eeponeftcxoft rropbMe. A ryr eute 6o.nesirOrapena, Tr)KeJrbre cer',rerisue nepe)Kr.rBaHHrr. qro ttpe]KAenepeKgbrBaJlocs 6opr6oil, 4eroM, ceftqac BbrrrrJro Hapy)Ky.

H fepueH, rosulrslfi 6ecnoxoficrBoM, crpaHcrnyer no En-pofle - x3 XeHeBbr n l-{rcpux, ua I-lrcpuxa e Huuuy, l.rsHuuuu eo O.nopeuuur,o, orryAa e flapux, onsrb r fieneay.B cratsqx <<Ko.noxo.na>> To HoBbre HaAe)Kjlbr Ha o)KtrBJreHr.reB Poccl.rr.r, To HoBafl norrbrrKa ycoBecrlrb <<qecrHblx BpafoB)>,TO rrpoH3rrTeJrbHas, qucTo repueHoBcKarr, HacMe[rxa Haa scefrpoccuficxofi cHcrevoil, To Bo3BpailIeHHe K AaBHo ga6Hro-My - orKpbrroe nucbMo uaplo: npuspauHslri, noc.neAsuftUJaHc cMqrr{r.tTb Teppop nocJre KapaKo3oBcKoro BbrcTpeJra.fepueH caM He BepHJr B pe3yJrbrar H qepe3 HecKoJrbKo HoMe-poB nplr3naBaJrca: <<Henrgs xe 6uno )Knarb, qro6 Aler-caHAp Hfixoraesuq, 3acHyB 3a qreHr{eM <<LIto ,u,e.nart?> u.lil.l<Konoxona>, npocuyrcg 6rr c pbflHbrM xeraHr.reM orAarb3eM,'rlo Hapory v Ha.uarb e 3r.rr\,rHet{ ABopue }KeHcKI{e r.r My)K-cKlre MacrepcKue. TorAa u 6opl6a 6ula 6n He Hyx{Ha, Ao-craror{Ho 6ulo 6u qyAa>.

OaHo sa ApyrHM ficnbrrbrBarorcq cpeAcrBa nporlrB rH-IIJHHbT. Ilerrl MeHbrrre KoppectroHAesuNfi LB Poccl.nl, TeM6olsnre crarefi H gaMeroK, nocrpoeHHbrx Ha MareplraJraxpa3Hbrx pyccKnx ra3er. l{ ace paBHo MarepnaJra MaJro. CI ceura6pa 1866 rola <Koloxoa> cHoBa rrosBflflercrr roJrbKo

96

pa3 B Mecsu. Koraa Oraper co6upaacr [oMecrlrrb 6onruyrccrarbrc n Qeapa.nlcKoM HoMepe 1867 ro,ta, lepueH HanrdcaJleMy Lf3 Huuuu: <<f gnxax He ,4yMaJr, qro rBoq crarbrr noft-4er s Qenpa.nrcxafi Jrr.rcr... r{ro xe 6yaer n I uapra?.. I4aqero HaM TaK pocKotxecrsoearr? <<Ko.noxon>> HaAo6Ho noA-Aep)KHBarb KaK 3HaMrr r..r noroMy c HeKoropofi sxonorrluefipacnoJr ararb MaTepfi aJr>.

<<Ko,noxon>> - suavn! llpex4e ero noAAep>KHBaJTH cor-Hr.r pyK. Oqess rpyAHo yAepx(arb ABor.rM. CrarxusalorcqrlpoTLIBOpeqHt TpyaHoro <<CefonHrr>> I{ cBeTJrofo <<3aBTpa)>,Tofo, qro ecrb, H Tofo, qro AoJIxHo HeIIpeMeHHo 6utt, flo-rHKa Mr.rHyrbr r{ JlorHKa Aecrrrr.tJ'rerufi. Bonruras Bepa - BBer'IHKoe LI AaJrbHee - HHKorAa He repqercrr. IIo cefiuac, ne-MeAJreHHo, 6.nusxo - Tg)KeJrafl r{cropHqecKafl. flay3a.

<Tocxa crpaurHag ... Aa Bce Ka)Kercfl, qro ecrb ctIJIa Hao6uyrc pa6ory - rr noroMy yMeperb He xorerrocr 6u; aMe)KAy reM )Kr4Tb raK raAKo, qro ayque 6sr He )KHTb>>, - nt,l-can lepuen B o.[HoM r.r3 nlrceM x Onapeey.

<<Mrt [poxoAtrM cxaepHofi nolocofi, Ho Mbr He csr,eM BHefi>>,-roBopllr <<Koroxo.n>>. <<Httxortly s Poccl,t]r AeJta Her,BbrxoAlrr <<Ko,toKo,t>> IiJIH He BbtxoAHT>>, - MpaqHo KoHcraru-pyer fepueH B ApyroM flr.rcbMe. H orseqaei ce6e xe: <<Mur

cKa3aJ'tH nor{Tlt Bce, qTo I'tMeJIH CKa3aTb, It CJIOBa HanH HenponJrr-r 6ecn"no.u,Ho... OAna H3 Ha[rr]x BeJrr.rK]tx HarpaA coc-TOI,IT I{MeHHO B TOM, UTO Jrlbt Ji4eHbWe HAICHbD.

_ To,rsxo coxpaHqq .6o,'rrruvro, <<Aa,rrer(o napquylo Bepy)),fepuen uor pa6orarb Ao KoHua xu3HH. Tepar aepy n<<6nn3roe>>, oH He uor 6onsrue H3naBarb <<Ko.noxo.n>>.

- -

Becnoft 1867 roaa npr.rHuMaercrr peueHr{e np}rocraHoBr.rrbxypHaJr.

tlacrr 3MHrpaHToB, B Hx ql{cJre EaxyHau, Bo3paxarcT,[pocflr lepuena u Orapeea npoAo,'r)Karb. Ho I4cr.iau4eprBepA. Kax pas noAxollHJro Aecqr[rerHe <<Koloxo,ra>>.

l0 .ner-orpoMHag xtt3Hb AJrfl peBoJrroutroHHoro gMH-npaHTcKofo xypHaJta. Taxoe AecffTud'rerne cronT BeKoBbrx6uorpaQnfi <sarousofi>>, pecnerra6e;ltscft npeccbr. I urc;lR1867 roAa, poBHo qepe3 Aecsrb Jrer nocJre nepBoro JroHAoH-cKoro Jrr.rcra, BbrrrreJr sa l6 crpaHuuax AaofiHofi, npouanb-urtft 244 1245 < Konoxo.n > : <<CeroAufl urHH M Jrr.r croM 3 a K.'rrcq a-ercs HaIIIe Aecgrnnerlle, - roBopnJlocb B nepe4onofi, noAnH-caHnorlr lepueHou u OrapenuM. - Aecqrs .ner! MH l,tx sH-AeplKanu I,I, rJraBHoe, BbIAeplKaJIH nlrb nocre4Hux, oHn 6u-JIH TqXCJIbI>.

6 nouepoa aa 1857 roa (c I nro;rn)25 Horr.repon aa 1858 rol28 Hor*lepon ga 1859 roq29 Hovepoa sa 1860 roa29 uovepon sa 186l ro.q35 Horrlepoa :a 1862 ro423 Hor'lepa aa 1863 roa17 uouepca sa 1864 ro418 uorr,lepoa sa 1865 ro.q20 Honaepoo ga 1866 roa15 Hovepoa sa 1867 roA (ao I upaa)

He uenrure noJryMr..rJrJrr.roua 3K3eMnJrepoB, 500 000 - Bor<rrocJty)KHofi cnucox>> <<Koloxona>>.

B noc.neAseM HoMepe - flpoqaJrbHbre cruxr{ Orapeaa.

AO CBHNAHbflI

Cna peMff,Ho eMsflp uril con,u 3BoH.H cHoga c poAr.lHbl Aa.nexoiiIIpHner ycnbrrxlrcr rurpoxoil,Z, n,toxer, e uaru nocnea uuh ,IacEr{e ceerao AorlAer ao l{ac -Kax Pycr ropx.(ecrBeHHo u ctpoliuoZ nenopuaucro cMeJraC cosHaHsetv .qo6.necru cnoxofiuofr3eonur ao ace KonoKorla.

lloao6so 9xy, 3Aecb noBTopeHbr crpoKr4, KoropbrMu He-KOfAa oTKpbrBancrr ne p sbtri <<Ko"noxo"n>>:

Z on nyAerr He nepecraHer,floxa - cnyrHyB Hoqtrbre cHbt -Zg xo,rsr6e.nuHorl ruruuutrPoccuq 6oapo se BocnprrHer

- V KpenKo Ha HofH He craner,14 Henopsrnncro clreJra -HaqHer rop)KecrBeHHo u crpofiHo,C cogHaHreu ao6.necrn cnoi<oiinori3eoHlrrr Bo Bce KoJroKoJta.

_ H fepueH BoBce He cKJroHeH K nofpe6aJrbHoMy 3BoHy.<<Teneps Mbr xorl,rM nepeBecra Ayx, oreperb rror,'co6paircBe)I(fie CH,lbI, H AJtfl 3TOrO npHOCTaHOBr,rTbCg_ Ha nortzoda.

Mu xorau eule pag cnoKoftHo, 6es pasaneqet{Hft cpoq-Hoii pa6oroti, srrsAeruct B To, rtro AeJlaeTcq AoMa, KyAaBOJIHa UAeT, KyAa BeTep TsHeT, Mbr XOTHM flpoBepr.rTb, B qeM

6u.nn npanbr r{ rAe oruu6an[cb... C,re4yrou1ufi JrHcr <<Ko;ro-

98

KoJra)> Bblfi.u,er I nHaapn 1868; nrrr MbI HaqHeM eropoe decn'

ueHoM; Ha Mecre n Hsnlo6reHHoe << flpasaa .nu?>> uexAByX BOCnpocl.ITeJIbHbIX 3HaKOB...

Ha uecre - 3HaMeHlITaq <<cMecb>>.

Ha uecre-Vivos voco!Ha nocne,u,nefi, 2004 crpaHrlue I lepueu 3aKaHrII{BaJI

6onrurofi orpbrBoK <<Ertnoro s AYM>>.

<<Toqso norepttHHHe Bvrrfl3lr B cKa3Kax, MbI )KAaJIH Ha ne-pe HO CaM UeJI

6y cau noru6-He oH.u.e[Ib Ha-

3a rPanofi aa-pocJra. Xoru 6u qBHrctt xaxoft-ttt't6yrb KoJIAyH HJII'I nycrblH-HHK, Koropbrft 6rt cHqr c Hac rrlKecrb pa3AyMbfl>.

flocneauue c,'loB a <<Koroxol a>>.

<flpexpaueuue <Ko;toxoaa!>>, <Koseq Ko.noxola!>-3JtOpaacrBoBa,rH Te, Koro He pa3 xJlecra,l ero x<eneggltftgsrix. Hexoropue ascrpuficxHe H pyccKne Fa3erbl o6lqs.lq-lu, 6y,u.ro 6u fepueH co6upaerca noKatlrbctl, a rlpaBI'ITeJlb-

crno b6eutaer eN,{y cso6oaHoe Bo3BpaueHHe s Poccnto. <<Ko'

JroKor'r>> ryr xe HanovHHJI o ce6e <<llpn6aaouHblM JII'ICTOM K

nepBoMy AecgTLIreTHrc>:'<<Ko,roxor> He npeKpauraJlct, npaBI.ITeJIbcreo He o6e'qa,'lo, q He BO3Bpauatocb...

Moxeu .nu Mbr, ttpil Tenepu,ruotx o6cronrenbcrlax, Bo3-

Bparr,rrbcl n Poccr.tto, He cAeJlaB[ILIcb II3MeHHI'IKaMI'I co6cr-BeHHoro a.e.na?..

rBHOMePa.

<Koaoxo.ne> eaurafl HyMepaqus crpaHllu BeJIacb or nepBono

. I annaps 1868 roAa <<Ko;loKoJr)> Bce xe BbrrrJeJr. Ho uaOpaHuyscxoNr rr3brKe - <<Le Ko]okol>. <<MeHqs q3bir,

- oOilflBrflnn H3nareiln,

-ra3era Harxa ocraercg rofi xe Il flo Ha.npaBJleHHro H no IIeJrLl... Harra KaxeTctr, qTo Ha cHrc MIjHyTyrror're3Hee foBopHTb o Poccun, qeM roBoprrb c Hero>. ul-e (o1roKot>> npox{r.tJr, oAHaKo, Bcero I I MecrueB. Bcs xllsHu H.nporxJroe cJl14rrrKoM 6U,ru nonepHyrbr K poCCHH. <<Hauun l.rc-THHHbTM npn3BaHHeM 6sr,[o cglrgarb cRoHx xr4Bbrx H ug1a_Barb nofpe6a.nssufi 3BoH B naMflTb cBorax ycornxux _ a HePA HM COCCASNT I4CTOPHIO HAIIHX NIOrHJI HHa _ rruurer tr4craH4ep Orapeey...

LIKorAa He 6u.ua IIeJIblo, a roJIbKo cpeA_CT

Haru xepHoB ocraHaBJrl4Baercg, pyqbr{ TeKyr B trHhIXMecTaX: OTnpaBHMCg )Ke Ha IIOIitCKl.r...

Paayueercl, r3brK Kottorcotta He 6yaer pacnJraBJreH -

HOLI nOJTOCbI Ha BOCTOKe, HO I1I ,(O TOrO, r{TO BpafH Hauu eeBuAqr. Llero xe 6o.nture >KAarb or xH3Hr.r, oco6egso KoraarreJroBeK, noJloxa pyKy Ha fpyAb, c qtlcroft coBe,crbro rrro_x(eT cKa3aTa: <<V fl yr{acTBoBa.[ s arofi rnraHrcxori 6opu6e,

enTy>.Jr HOByTO POCCl.tto ts ra3eTHoM oqepKe,ex(eM poMaHe, oqepeAHoM apecTe.npa Hnxon ae... 'w He npu HeM Jru Ha-

rlaJracb ra BynKaHuqeoKafl r.r KporoBas pa6ora no4 aeu.nefi,

tL. A. To.ncroi-o.6.e1--1Ro_qV-pop cHHoAa (1868-18g0) , MrHrrcrpHaporHoro npocBerrleHnr ( 1866-1880).

I(10

KOTOparr Bbrrrrd'ra Ha cBeT, KorAa OH COrXe.[ C Hefo?>. 3THcrpoKr.r ylK MofJrH npoqecTb H noHrrTb Te, KrO CeMb JreTclycrrr notuJrH B Hapo.u., noKoJreHue fl.nexasona a Kopo,ren-Ko, TlMr.rpfl3eBa r.r Kponorxuua. fepueH Hx He 3Ha,'I H HeygHaJI HLtKorAa. Ho outyqaJr ux cyuecrBoBaHrie.

<<3ro Ha'{aro 6opl6u... 3ro uaqano nofrsu.Konua ee Mbr He yBaJIr.tM... BpsA yBr.rAsr Jrr,r MJraArxHe

r{3 roHbrx. Tyro pasntBaercs ucropuq, y[opHo 3arrnuraercsoTXOArrr4ee, MeAJreHHo , cMyTHO HapO)KAaeTCrr BOABOpse-MOe...

_ 3ro sapn crpaduoeo dun, no dHn, rcoropotrt ,Lbt octcu-dattu>.

Ho er{ecre c <<BocrorrHbrM BerpoM> lepuen BAbrxaer HBce Kpenq^arcutnft eanaAHHri. HayuHuft coquaJrH3M K. Mapx-ca a <D. SHre.nsca y)Ke npeacKa3an xoa Hcropriu, oflpeAe-

ur{aJrbHofo ABr.rx(eHr{q, n r.rry6r efo H B ero crpacrHocil, -s Br.rxy flcHo, qro Hacrosrqas 6opu6a M,Hpa AoxoAoB r,r MH-pa rpyAa He 3a ropaMil...>>.

[o Honofi peBoJrrcuan eo @pauquu ocraBa,rrocb coBceMHeMHOTO BpeMeHr,r.

Xouercn np Ha - coBpeueuuuxorrl I(ou-Mynbr. On, 1on paMr.r-aHepruuHufi, [oMo-aoaesunfi. B flaplxe yialrrnaer 6yay-uyrc enponeftc rc ucropuro. A noronr 6dn6H HoeHfi Br4xpb pyccKlx co6urrfi, roAbr HapoAHr.rqecrBa r.r

nepBblx pa6ovux corc3oB. <<I(o.noxon>> orxu.n 6sr H 3aroBo-pHn...

Ho He npor.t3or.uJro 3Toro.flncluo Orapeny us llaprxa 6suo noc,reAHr..rM. 17 sv-

napn 1870 roaa fepueH ga6oneeaer. 2l qHBaps HacryraercMepTb, Ha nrTbAecqT BocbMoM roAy.

l0l

B 1877 rogy He craJlo u OrapeBa. Aoxnrl Aa qaca

<<BCeX KOJTOKOJIOB> - He npHBeJIOCb.

Kax-ro l4cxau,uep cKa3aJl o KHHre csoefi xfisHu <5u.nouH AyMax>: .Tpya 3Tor Mo)Ker Ha BceM ocraHoBlrrbcs, - KaK

Ha[ra xusHr>. 3ru cd1oBa cKa3aHbt lz o <<Ko.rloxone>>. Og oc-TaHOBnJrCfl, He noToMy qro Bce 'cKa3aJI, a IOTOMy qTO KOH-

qHJIaCb XH3Hb...<<Ko.noxo,r>> yuIeJI, ocra[ulB orpouHufi uuc,rure.nrgrtfi

KanIlTaJI B ToJIOBaX I,I AyLXax coBpeMeHHHKoB' I{ B <(3a-

nac> - 6yayurnu [oKofleHl4aM. Corgu BonpocoB' HM noA-

Hsrbrx, ocraBarLIcb, corHI{ tr,tucnefi I peureuufi, HM lrpeana-raeMblx, 6ut.nu aepuu, a outl6xn - Ba)KHbI, u6o n HIlx My-quTeJlbHbte IIottcKH HcrHHbI, 6ea xoropux He KpenKa vcrutauafiaeuuaq. <<fepuen npe]LcraBflser co6oft ueJlylo o6racrb,cTp ylo MbICJISMI{)), - nlcaJl MHOIO

JIer BerHKoe orKpbITHe: cgo6o,{Hce

rr 3 -rpoMa.u,Hafl cura. OrxPurne

B. H. JI e H I{ H, Coqltsesrs, r.B. H. JI e H u H, CoquHeHuq, r.

5, crp. 342.20, ctp.223.

>:<-

SAKJIIOITEHAE

2l ausapn 1920 rola BbrrreJr... <Ko.noxo.n>>. Hacroguufi<<I(o.rloxol>> - Ha qerblpex crpaHlluax, c 3nufpaQort,I: <Vivosvoco!>. Eonrue noJroBHHbr crarefi H 3aMeroK-repueHoB,cxne. To.nsxo K 3HaMeHrroMV Ha3BaHHlo 6uro npuneqaraHo:<<OaHoaHeaHafl ra3era naMqifi A. H. fepueua. IriaAauue My,3eq peBonrouHH>>.

Mo.noAas Pocclrr, eu{e cpa)Karoulascq, pa3opeHgaq, ro-noAHafl, Ho yxe ocso6oxAeHHafl, qrrrr'ra l4cxaHrepa. B Aesr50-nersefi foAoBurr.rHbr ero cMeprr4, Ha rop)KecrBeHHoM 3ace-AaHvLr BI-U4Ka, A. B. JIyHauapcxrrfi roBopHrr:

<<lepueu Bcraer rrepeA HaMH noJ'rHuft raxofi MoJroAocruu raxoli Kpacorbr, qlo, npaBo, I,t Bo cro pa3 )KlJBee H Bo cropa3 6onee rtoaxoaqtr( K no)KapHoruy Qony Hauero peBoJrro-IIIIOHHOI'O BpeMeHh, qeM MHOrHe, MHOfr{e X{r.rBbre nOJryMepT-Beubl Hauefi HeAaeHerl... Jrr.rreparvpbr, orxeJloMneusoft cefi-qac He noAxoAr[refi 4.rts. Hee, cJrr.rlrKoM ocrpofi, cJrurrrKoMropauefi arvocQepofi>.

Coeer HapotrHbrx KoMnccapoB noc,'raJt reJrerpaMMy HanMs Aoqepl fepueua Haratuu AnexcaH4poBHbr:

<<CeroaHq, B aeHb S0-nert,tq cMeprlr A. Z. fepueHa, npa-BareJrbcrBo PCOCP, ropAoe co3HaHr{eM npHHaAJte)KHocrl.rBauero cJraBHoro orua K ceMbe BbrAalouruxcq 6oDuoe sacouuaJrHcrnqecKylo pecny6,rr.rxy cso6onHoro pyccKoio Hapo-Aa, [rJrer Bau u Baurefi cecrpe, rpa)KAaHKe Mouo, ropruuftIIptIBeT, KaK AertM BeJInKOnO flr4caTerq.

CeroAHg acs Pocczs qrHT rraMsrb BeaaKoro xy]IoxHHl{acJroBa, TBepllo Beprr, qro ocyuebrnneHueM [peAyxa3atrHoro'nM yHtlrlTO}KeHUfl 3KCnJIyaTaIlHI.I qeJIOBeKa qeJIOBeKO,\{ OHaflBUT BCeMy Mr.rpy MOTTIHOCTb peBOJrnUtrOHHOfO pa3BlrTl{fTpyAsrur.rxcq Macc.

rIpanure.nscrno Bbrpa>xaer rBepAoe noxeJraHHe, vro6npax lepueHa H ero xeHbr, r.r3rHaHHbrx tg Poccr.rr.r BoJreropoccuficxnx r.rMneparopoB, 6rr.n Bo3BpaureH a Mocxey, co-rJracHo o6urero >Ke,'raHr.rfl TpyAqqnxcfl Macc. Buecre c reM

t03

rp oo6ulnrb o-Ba opoM o6a B-Jlfl q)KeHI,te n ,oIIo HKO|O 06 o_TH3Ma H KailUT aJMCTLIqeCKOfO HaCVJil4fl>>.

.^^150 Jrer npour'ro co AHfl poxAeHzq fepueHa..6 anpe.aa1962 roaa peueHr4eM Bceuupnoro CoBera M,lpa 6uno b6r-sBJreHo repIleHoBcKHM AHeM Ha scefi [JraHere. Ha poAllHelepueua H B cBo6oAHori flo,'rbrxe, B Tex Kparx, rAe or{ jKrrJIB 3Murpaur.ru H Hbrx HapoAoa Aauu, AQ_pl.tKr.I, AMepHKr4, BCnOMXHaJIU g aHri'rc61r-Jreq HcxaHAepa

I4cropua nceCuerusst B ctsoeM HalbruIeHHoM BeJruqltl,t, s 6recxe cBonx

no6eA r.r ycnexoB, HwKoilav H arexcaHApbr poMauoBbr, Kar-KoBbI, I,rrHarbeBbr, IIaHHHbI, MypaBbeBbt. 3annecHeaerLI IIXnlrcaHafl, noga6rrru ilx peqeHllfl. Kax Bo3Bbr[rabrcr Ha,u,HlrMH repouqecKae Qurypu rex, Kro 6un s serrlKuft <<I(o-roxon>>!

<<VtpeHull e cet'reJll,t>>, BbIIleAIrIHe, KorAa Ha BocroKe

TOrAa, KO|Aa uenble AecqTureT[g oTAeJIgroT no,ceB orxarBbr>> l.

floxa Ha rroKa )Kr.IBbre6yayr )KHBbt pqr{TeJrbHvroco6craeuHoc s,

"ce* no.

Mepzx KoToporo Bbrcer{eH rrp[3brB:3ooy xuauxl

I B. V. IIeunn, CoutHeltfl, r. 18, crp. 15.

Эйдельман НЯ - Герценовский Колокол - М.,1963

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