路德會沙崙學校路德會沙崙學校家長教師會家長教師會

家長講座家長講座

20072007 年年 55 月月 1212 日日

香港公開大學學位教育文憑課程導師

步前教育及心理輔導中心課程總監

黎志華先生

影響學習的元素︰影響學習的元素︰

A.A. 動機動機B.B. 環境環境C.C. 能力能力

全腦學習法 全腦學習法 ＝＝ ─技巧─技巧

── 學習常規學習常規── 成功之道成功之道

緣起緣起

A.100A.100 年前對左右腦的探討年前對左右腦的探討 左腦受傷左腦受傷失語症失語症 (Aphas(Aphasia)ia)

右腦受傷右腦受傷沒有此病沒有此病∴∴ 左腦主宰語言左腦主宰語言

B.60B.60 年代對大腦的研究年代對大腦的研究 Dr. Sperry Dr. Sperry 的的 “ “Split Brain Experiments”Split Brain Experiments”

C.C. 近年有關大腦的新理論近年有關大腦的新理論 HerrmannHerrmann 的全腦模式的全腦模式 (The Whole Brain Model)(The Whole Brain Model)

腦電波與思考腦電波與思考 A.A. 原理︰原理︰

B.B. 練習練習 ︰腦波轉換︰腦波轉換

腦波轉換 腦波轉換 BetaBetaAlpha Alpha ThetaTheta

──Directed Attention e.g.MeditationDirected Attention e.g.Meditation

──Intentional BreathingIntentional Breathing

──Whole Body RelaxWhole Body Relax

只用左腦閱讀的問題只用左腦閱讀的問題i.i.綫性閱讀綫性閱讀 (Linear)(Linear) ，逐字讀，逐字讀 (Word by Wor(Word by Wor

d)d)

ii.ii.記憶保留度低記憶保留度低 (Retention Rate)(Retention Rate)

左下腦處理記憶︰左下腦處理記憶︰ 7±2(7±2( 即即 55 至至 99 個單位個單位 ))

iii.iii.閱讀時吸收零碎的資料，缺乏整體性閱讀時吸收零碎的資料，缺乏整體性欠右腦的整體性思考欠右腦的整體性思考 (Holistic Thinking)(Holistic Thinking)

iv.iv. 難於理解言外之音難於理解言外之音 (Read between the lines)(Read between the lines)

其他減慢閱讀速度的原因︰其他減慢閱讀速度的原因︰

i.i.默讀默讀 (Sub-Vocalization)(Sub-Vocalization)

功能︰協助加深對某些文字的記憶功能︰協助加深對某些文字的記憶倚賴︰由看書變為「聽」書倚賴︰由看書變為「聽」書

心內默讀聲成了吸收文字的心內默讀聲成了吸收文字的媒介，而不是由眼睛吸收！媒介，而不是由眼睛吸收！

ii.ii.逆向閱讀逆向閱讀 (Regression)(Regression)

看書時，不其然回頭重覆閱看書時，不其然回頭重覆閱讀某段句子，甚至會突跳讀讀某段句子，甚至會突跳讀數行以後的文字後回頭再讀。數行以後的文字後回頭再讀。

iii. iii. 不正確運用手指輔助閱讀不正確運用手指輔助閱讀

以手指指着逐字閱讀，以手指指着逐字閱讀，比默讀更糟！比默讀更糟！

解決方法解決方法「手眼協調練習」「手眼協調練習」

iv.iv. 從頭到尾閱讀從頭到尾閱讀太細緻，在一般情況沒此需要。太細緻，在一般情況沒此需要。應速讀，快速找着中心思想，應速讀，快速找着中心思想，有需要才細閱個別內容。有需要才細閱個別內容。

解決方法解決方法「多層次式閱讀法」「多層次式閱讀法」

心智繪圖心智繪圖

•將大量資料以最小時間放入腦內將大量資料以最小時間放入腦內•配合大腦記憶模式輸入配合大腦記憶模式輸入•易於提取及搜尋易於提取及搜尋•配合題目分析，考試時無往而不利配合題目分析，考試時無往而不利•以網絡形式大量而快速地學習英語以網絡形式大量而快速地學習英語

溫習常規溫習常規

•遺忘曲線遺忘曲線•分階段學習分階段學習•作息有序作息有序•新舊資料結合新舊資料結合

Has the whole brain Has the whole brain approach ever been used approach ever been used

in schools?in schools?

Yes. Over the past 15 years applications have Yes. Over the past 15 years applications have been carried out in elementary schools, been carried out in elementary schools, secondary schools, colleges, and universities. secondary schools, colleges, and universities. The most significant application currently The most significant application currently underway is at the underway is at the University of Toledo School of University of Toledo School of EngineeringEngineering. Not only is the whole brain concept . Not only is the whole brain concept being applied to the teaching of creative being applied to the teaching of creative problem solving, but also all incoming freshmen problem solving, but also all incoming freshmen and outgoing seniors will be profiled for the next and outgoing seniors will be profiled for the next four years as the basis of diagnosing the impact four years as the basis of diagnosing the impact of engineering education on their HBDI profiles of engineering education on their HBDI profiles over the course of their four years at the over the course of their four years at the University.University.

What are the other What are the other applications of the whole applications of the whole brain concept? brain concept? • UNDERSTANDING OF SELFUNDERSTANDING OF SELF

• Relationship with OthersRelationship with Others

• Self Development Self Development

• DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS

• Thinking StylesThinking Styles

• Learning StylesLearning Styles

• Course Design Course Design

• PERSONAL GROWTHPERSONAL GROWTH

• Job DesignJob Design

• Education/Training DirectionEducation/Training Direction

• Article Report/Career DirectionArticle Report/Career Direction

• Book DesignBook Design

• Job ChoiceJob Choice

• Organization StructureOrganization Structure

• Organization Climate Organization Climate

• GROUP PROCESSGROUP PROCESS

• Organization CultureOrganization Culture

• Learning DeliveryLearning Delivery

• Management/Leadership StyleManagement/Leadership Style

• Team BuildingTeam Building

• Staff InteractionStaff Interaction

• MODELINGMODELING• Creative Problem SolviCreative Problem Solvi

ngng• CreativityCreativity• Teaching/Learning Teaching/Learning

• COUNSELINGCOUNSELING• CommunicationCommunication• EducationalEducational• Organization DevelopOrganization Develop

mentment• CareerCareer• ProductivityProductivity• JobJob• MarriageMarriage• FamilyFamily

•MANAGEMENT•Staff Development•Communication•Planning Approach•Task Force Formation•Strategic/Operational•Learning Group Formation•Managing Differences•Creative Team Formation•Dealing with Diversity•Staff•Dealing with Change

•DESIGN

•SELLING•Educational Courses•Needs Assessment•Workshops•Strategy Development•Meetings•Communication•Presentations•Sales training•Learning Materials•Books•Advertisements